1 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ab5cea4db83415fdcd961535ac6e1afe.mp4 01769639623911d2e67ec72d5d6b5f5b https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/16c7cad0c24018c5b71f978db646c617.pdf 66d0cea74e64f3be9db237b93830019e PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veteran History Project George T. Zysk (00:44:57) Background • Born in Grand Haven Michigan • June 20 1916 • Joined the Red Arrow Division 1934 (2:10)Battle of the Coral Sea • Sunk the Japanese Navy • Started at Midway-Japanese sunk Yorktown aircraft carrier (4:00)Enlisted in the National Guard • Camp Grayling • George made orderly • (5:00) Tried out for the Soldier of the Year award • 1939 was in the CCC’s-built Camp Germfask 96000 acres?-last camp torn down at the end of the war-Conscientious Objectors • George was a carpenter at Camp Germfask *George was alerted about the attack on Pearl Harbor when he was on the West Coast. Possible attacks on the Coast was expected *Colonel Chennault-George talks about him-Flying Tigers (9:30) Company F • Went to Louisiana Texas before Pearl Harbor • George was training recruits Owens Stanley Mountains • (12:00) Buda Missions • George was a Staff Sergeant • Worked with the whole 2nd Army • (14:00) 2 Marines-shot while sleeping • Asked if he wanted R&R-he said he wasn’t tired and now we are winning • Malaria • George had stokes in 89 and 90-catscan in Muskegon-cured Malaria (17:00)Battle of the Coral Sea • George watched them sink the Japanese army �• • • Says they were getting hit hard by the Axis Came back on a Liberty ship-can’t remember name Mad he was kept with the engineers till the end-right before they left for the States (20:20)Battle of Tacloban [Philippines] • Oxygen tanks on board-blew up by Kamikaze fighter • Lost 89 guys• Convoy heading to Tacloban • (24:00)MacArthur-‘I have returned’-little respect for him • Bataan Death March-left Skinny Wainwright behind • Truman wouldn’t let MacArthur get them over the Yalu River [Korean War] (27:30) Back in the States • Quit Legion because they closed bar down at 12:30 instead of 2:30 • George is very appreciative of the men that came home and the home he came home to • (30:40)Family put him out-spent $9000 on a home • Married 55 years-divorced • (33:00)Old Burn Manufacturing Company (AP Auto Parts) worked for (34:00) After The Service • George is not bitter about things • He feels he had a great impact on life today • (35:50) George sings ‘God Bless America’ • George sings ‘National Anthem’ • George sings ‘You made me love you’ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ZyskG Title A name given to the resource Zysk, George (Interview outline and video), 2007 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zysk, George Description An account of the resource George Zysk served in the 126th Infantry Regiment, 32nd (Red Arrow) Infantry Division on New Guinea and in the Philippines during WW II fighter. In the Philippines, he was on board a ship that was hit by a kamikaze. He speaks critically of Gen. MacArthur but highly of the men he served with. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) Video recordings United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans United States. Army World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-06-29 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ac7521d7917840d0b1e0805b3780f016.m4v 735911666036a39137b6939a626f45f2 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/600508edbf89ee33cdde6f05357898be.pdf bfdeb6fa6df206ef75d6ffa4b152bd2c PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans' History Project David Zylstra World War II 1 hour 44 minutes 40 seconds (00:00:09) Early Life -Born in Grand Rapids, Michigan in 1924 -Has lived in Grand Rapids all his life -Attended West Side Christian High School -After graduating attended Calvin College (prior to service), Brooklyn College (during service), and the University of Michigan (after the service) -He had seven siblings -Father had a sheet metal shop in their backyard -House and shop were located at 1233 Muskegon Ave, Grand Rapids -Got through the Great Depression without much trouble -Father had come to the United States in 1890 at the age of four -Started working in a furniture factory in Grand Rapids when he was twelve (00:02:12) Start of the War -Before Pearl Harbor knew that Congress was split about direct intervention in the war -Knew that the United States was giving supplies to the British and Soviets -On December 7, 1941 the public opinion of the war changed dramatically -Everyone came together with a common purpose -Knew about the fighting happening in Europe -Saw that Hitler was rapidly conquering countries in Europe -Wondered if Germany would try to invade America -Fear that the Nazis were going to take over the world -Remembers coming out church on December 7 and his cousin running up to him -Told David that the Japanese had attacked Pearl Harbor -Went back home and listened to the news on the radio -Knew when he was fifteen (1939/1940) the U.S. would probably get involved -And he'd have to fight in the coming war -War bonds were being advertised -Father bought some -Some people started Victory Gardens -Rationing went into effect -Meat, gasoline, sugar, coffee, and chocolate -There was some black market activity in Grand Rapids -Knew a man that had slaughterhouse and he was probably involved in smuggling (00:08:19) Getting Drafted -Graduated from high school in 1942 and went to Calvin College -All of the young men at Calvin knew that they would eventually be drafted -Had a deferment because he was a student �-It was a strange feeling being deferred -Considered enlisting -Remembers recruiting stations with lines of young men out the door -Had a brother enlist in the Army Air Force -Decided to just wait to get drafted -Got drafted in August 1943 -Reported to Fort Custer, Michigan for processing (00:10:36) Basic Training & Army Specialized Training Program -Sent to the Infantry School at Fort Benning, Georgia -Knew some men at Fort Benning that had gone to Calvin College with him -Got approved for the Army Specialized Training Program (ASTP) before basic training -Received 17 weeks of basic training -The ASTP sent soldiers to college for engineering, medical, and linguistics training -He was assigned to the ASTP engineering program at Brooklyn College -Took a troop train from Fort Custer to Fort Benning -Took a couple days to go from Michigan to Georgia -People always waved at them as they went south -Civilians gave overwhelming support to the troops -The sergeants were tough and expected obedience from recruits -It was good training -Had to do 15 mile marches in one day with only one canteen full of water -Not allowed to stop for water -Good discipline -If you resisted, you were punished with extra Kitchen Patrol (KP) duty -Learned to never volunteer -Asked by a sergeant if any of the recruits drove a Buick -He and a few other men raised their hands -Brought around to the back of a building where there were wheelbarrows -Each one had "BUICK" written on the side -He had some difficulty with adjusting to the Army -Some men would go out on Saturday nights, drink, then come back and hassle the other recruits -He and the other recruits got sick of it, so they took action -Removed the light fuses and put their footlockers in the middle of the floor -After that the drunks never bothered them again -All men in his section were going to ASTP after basic training -Sent to Brooklyn College in January 1944 -Stayed at Brooklyn College one term then the program was shut down -Had regular engineering courses with professors -After the program was cancelled he became an infantry replacement -Assigned to the 75th Infantry Division when they were on maneuvers -Had weekends off while at Brooklyn College -Explored New York City -Had mathematics and physics classes (00:23:27) Assignment to the 75th Infantry Division �-Joined M Company, 291st Infantry Regiment, of the 75th Infantry Division -M Company was a heavy weapons company -Had water cooled machine guns and heavy mortars -Attached to line companies that were on the attack -His duty was as a gunner -Didn't know where they were headed after maneuvers on the border of Texas and Louisiana -Had rain for three weeks -Split into red and blue teams -Red team was the "enemy" -Got a shipment of bad ham and everyone in M Company got food poisoning -The maneuvers took place in swampland -Had to watch for ticks and snakes -Slept outside in tents -Maneuvers lasted ten weeks -He got there the second week of maneuvers -Received heavy weapons training -Had to learn how to shoot the machine guns and mortars -Had to crawl under barbed wire for 100 yards while a machine gun fired over him -One man got wounded by friendly fire during maneuvers -Sent to Camp Breckenridge, Kentucky for further training -Some of the men in his unit were welcoming and friendly and he respected them -Other men were abrasive and hostile toward the replacements -Stayed at Camp Breckenridge for two, or three, months (00:31:04) Deployment to the European Theatre -Got to go home for a week -He was engaged at the time -Planned on meeting his fiancee in Chicago while stationed in Kentucky -Got delayed due to a visiting general -Finally got to Chicago at 5AM -Went to Camp Kilmer, New Jersey and sailed out on the USAT Edmund B. Alexander -Sailed with twenty one other ships in a convoy -Took ten, or eleven days to reach Europe -Ran into bad weather and a lot of the men got seasick -Had a destroyer escort following them -U-Boats tried to attack the convoy, but were driven away by the destroyer (00:35:37) Arrival in the United Kingdom -Arrived at Swansea, Wales -Received extra training -Got to the United Kingdom on November 2, 1944 -Went on patrols and went into town on the weekends -Went on five, to ten, mile marches -Got to meet and talk with some English civilians (00:37:28) Arrival in France -Received new weapons and got the larger weapons to go overseas -Knew then that they were going to mainland Europe and into combat �-Boarded a British ship and sailed across the English Channel to Le Havre, France -Division landed in France on December 13, 1944 -Harbor was clogged with sunken ships so they had to take a landing craft to shore -It rained nonstop for three days when they arrived -Saw French civilians in the countryside -Learned quickly that the French would urinate on the side of the road -Got to go into Paris -Learned that the French had places called pissoirs (00:39:25) Advance into Belgium & Battle of the Bulge -Moved across France on 40 & 8 box cars -Train only moved 20 to 25 miles per hour -Destination was Belgium -Stopped along the way -French were always friendly and gracious of the American presence -Gave the civilians candy and cigarettes -Heard artillery being fired the closer they got to Belgium -When they arrived in Belgium they arrived next to 155mm howitzer positions -Remembers when they fired it was like lightning striking right next to them -Knew they were going to go into combat -Went to Manhay, Belgium to relieve the 106th Infantry Division -Furthest point of the German advance -106th had suffered heavy losses and numerous men had been captured -Ordered to hold Manhay at all costs -Got heavily shelled the first night there -Germans were only 1000 to 1500 feet away from Manhay -Shelling lasted for an hour -Ground was frozen so they could only dig down six inches -Germans used shells that exploded at tree level producing more shrapnel -The front line near Manhay was incredibly thin -Stayed there for a few days -Moved to a spa town in Belgium (probably Spa itself) -Stayed in a Belgian man's home -Very hospitable and told them he had fought in the Belgian Underground -Had to move from town to town liberating each one from German rule (00:48:35) Fighting in the Ruhr Pocket & Advancing into Germany Pt. 1 -Liberated the suburbs of Essen and Dortmund in Germany -Met stiffer resistance once they got into Germany -Even German children were throwing rocks at them -German soldiers dressed in American uniforms infiltrated their ranks -Wreaked havoc on the supply lines by misdirecting traffic -Didn't move at night unless they absolutely had to -Sent out patrols to capture German soldiers -His job was to carry a radio and go with the forward observer to direct mortar fire -This placed him directly on the frontline and in immediate danger -Moved on to attack a suburb of Dortmund with L Company �-Germans were lying in wait in the rail yard and ambushed them with machine guns -He stayed calm during the attack then ran for cover while still taking fire -Even with the presence of American tanks the Germans held their position -Lost two tanks to well placed hand grenades -Advanced to attack a hill near the suburb -Germans fired indiscriminately killing American troops and civilians -Had to go house to house to neutralize snipers -In the cellar of one house found a group of 30 elderly German civilians in hiding -Germans would deal as much damage as they could then retreat -Went up against the German Tiger tanks -Tiger tanks had thicker armor and more powerful guns than American tanks -Captured an aluminum factory along with several thousand workers -Captured the town of Orsoy on the Rhine River (00:59:15) Interactions with Civilians and Prisoners of War -German civilians tended to retreat before American forces arrived -They would politely evacuate any German civilians that had stayed behind -Had German prisoners of war working in places like Camp Brooklyn and Camp New York -Camps used to send GIs home, confine German POWs, and process freed Allied POWs (01:01:20) End of the War in Europe Pt. 1 -In Westphalia, Germany when Germany surrendered -Had to wait for the Russians to reach the Elbe River before they advanced further -Had to deal with hundreds, if not thousands of displaced persons (DPs) after the war -Many of them were trying to get home to their respective countries -Fed a lot of them -Eventually had to stop DPs from traveling because they clogged the highways -Helped an elderly Polish man and two younger Poles get ready to go home -Had to travel from western Germany to Poland with a horse and wagon -Gave them supplies and a sign that said, "Poland, or Bust!" -At the aluminum factory in Dortmund there were thousands of Polish slave laborers -Found an old mansion and surrounded it -Without firing a shot sixteen German soldiers came out and surrendered -Oldest of the group was sixty years old -Still has a Mauser pistol from that encounter -Found a beautiful Prussian uniform in the mansion -Near the end of the war when they captured the mansion -Thinks that the German soldiers were glad to be taken prisoner (01:09:41) Medic Friend -Had a friend in the Army that was a medic -Remembers one night they were writing letters together �-Medic was called to help a wounded soldier -Didn't receive a bronze star because he already had one from a previous act -In France there were wounded American soldiers, trapped in a town -Put Red Cross arm bands on German POWs -Sent them into the town to retrieve the American soldiers (01:11:35) Christmas 1944 -Spent Christmas 1944 in Belgium -One soldier played a pipe organ and they sang Christmas carols with a Belgian family -On Christmas Eve he watched 22 planes get shot down and only three parachutes emerged -Watched dogfights take place between American planes and German planes (01:13:38) Chaplain -Remembers gathering in a barn before an attack -Chaplain addressed the men, told them with blunt honesty not all of them would survive -Turned out to be right, because the next day there were fewer men (01:14:34) Back Injury -En route to Trois-Ponts, Belgium in a convoy -His vehicle hit a crater in the road sending him and a few other men flying -A 200 pound soldier landed on top of him -Thought that he broke his back -Got a ride to a nearby town where a division was staying -Next day got a ride to a field hospital, then from there to a hospital in Paris -Placed in a bed next to a recently freed American prisoner of war with tuberculosis -David still tests positive for TB 70 years later -Man died the next day -After his hospital stay in Paris he was sent to Etampes, France for rehabilitation (01:17:39) Fighting in the Netherlands -After recovering from his injury he rejoined the 75th in Neer, Netherlands -Could see German soldiers across the Maas River -Saw a German soldier going into a house and fired three mortars at the house -After that the soldier did not emerge -Spent most of February 1945 in the Netherlands (01:19:10) Fighting in the Ruhr Pocket & Advancing into Germany Pt. 2 -Pushed into the Ruhr Pocket in March 1945 -Germans were so desperate they were using horses to pull 88mm artillery guns -If a horse was killed, German civilians would go out and scavenge the meat (01:20:01) Seeing Prime Minister Churchill and General Montgomery -In the Netherlands when he saw Prime Minister Churchill and General Montgomery -Had linked up with British forces -Heard sirens and saw motorcycles coming down the road �-Saw Churchill in his car, with a cigar, giving the V for Victory sign (01:21:17) End of the War in Europe Pt. 2 & Occupation Duties -In a town in Westphalia, Germany when the war ended -German soldiers were happy that the war was over -German troops were replacing their uniforms with civilian clothing to escape getting captured -Contracted hepatitis after the war was over -Had a fever of 102ºF and got sent back to a hospital in Paris to recover -Spent three weeks there -Had to stay in Europe for nine more months after the war to get enough points -Stationed in the Information & Education Office at Camp New York in France -Working with an Army established university network in England and France -Specifically with the Biarritz American University in Biarritz, France -A man tried to recruit him to help sell a damaged jeep to some Frenchmen -David turned it down -A jeep was stolen every day in Paris -French wanted the jeeps after the war, and eventually they were legally sold -Knew that there was a huge black market for cigarettes in France -There was very open prostitution in Paris -A woman set up a pup tent and charged only 300 Francs per customer (about $4) -Trying to provide a living for her daughter -Got 15 college credits at the American University in Biarritz, France -Beautiful town on the Spanish border -Gave local children candy and oranges -Gave civilians any spare food -Stayed there for six months -He played the trombone in the university band -Had a university newspaper (01:33:10) End of Service & Coming Home -In Camp New York when he received word that he could go home -Shipped his Mauser home to avoid it getting stolen -Got discharged on March 10, 1946 at Camp Atterbury, Indiana -Given $300 by the Army and hitchhiked back to Grand Rapids, Michigan -Took a ship back to the United States from France -Took five days to get back to the U.S. and didn't run into any storms -Wanted to kiss the ground when he got home, but there were too many GIs (01:36:40) Life after the War -Prepared to get married upon coming home -Had been dating for three years -Got married on June 1946 -Enrolled in the University of Michigan -Attended the extension school in Grand Rapids -Went to the Ann Arbor, Michigan campus for one year -Got a Bachelor's Degree in Business Administration �-During the war became friends with a man from Grand Rapids named Robert Dice -Robert Dice was captured by Germans in Colmar -Ran into each other at the University of Michigan and became friends -David got a job at American Seating Company in Grand Rapids -Robert got a job with the Hartford Insurance Company as an adjuster -After a year and a half got David a job at Hartford as an adjuster (01:42:17) Reflections on Service -Matured a lot during his time in the Army -Realized how prevalent racism still was among the Southern soldiers -Appalled by how the Southerners considered the black soldiers to be subhuman -Shocking coming from a Northern, egalitarian atmosphere -Learned a lot about life -It was a wonderful experience -Believes that there are better ways to learn about life than through war � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_ZylstraD1785V Title A name given to the resource Zylstra, David B (Interview outline and video), 2015 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-06-24 Description An account of the resource David Zylstra was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan in 1924. In August 1943 he received his draft notice. He was processed at Fort Custer, Michigan and accepted into the Army Specialized Training Program. He received basic training at Fort Benning, Georgia and then went to Brooklyn College, New York for the ASTP engineering course. When the ASTP was cancelled he was sent to join the 75th Infantry Division on their maneuvres in Texas and Louisiana in spring 1944. He was assigned to M Company of the 291st Infantry Regiment and received heavy weapons training. The division left the United States in fall 1944 and arrived at Swansea, Wales on November 2, 1944. In December 1944 the 75th went to France and arrived at Le Havre on December 13, 1944. David saw action in Belgium during the Battle of the Bulge, in the Netherlands, and in the Ruhr Pocket during the advance into Germany in spring 1945. At the end of the war he was in Westphalia, Germany and Camp New York, France helping with the processing of GIs, German prisoners of war, and the Information and Education Office for the American Universities in England and France. He also attended the American University in Biarritz, France. He returned to the United States after nine months of occupation duty and got discharged on March 10, 1946 at Camp Atterbury, Indiana. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zylstra, David B. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Moving Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/x-m4v application/pdf https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/522ab64c0f63da21af1dbc1865200e6a.jpg 1c9761f9bf252c1b017f81ef50787a0f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ZylstraBruce Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Zylstra, Bruce Description An account of the resource Bruce Zylstra Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d81bd398919ff832b2388b30876d38a7.mp4 4c1e042a9ea5c56e627da57689f64d58 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a8697ac29a10a01cf817bf65b585baa7.pdf a2968d281208ed7d05fa28d1d2bd5a74 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans’ History Project Brian Zwart Iraq War 2 hours 20 minutes 8 seconds (00:00:42) Early Life -Born in Grand Haven, Michigan on February 21, 1985 -Lived in Spring Lake, Michigan for a short amount of time -Moved to Nunica, Michigan -Eventually settled in Fruitport, Michigan and grew up there -Dad was a welder -Mom was a medical transcriptionist -Had two siblings -A twin sister and an older sister (00:01:22) September 11, 2001 -He was a junior in high school when the 9/11 Attacks happened -He remembers being in third period going to his computer class -Saw live news feed on the TV -Originally thought that it was just a terrible mistake -Seeing the second plane hit the other tower in real time drove home that it was an attack -Remembers going outside and looking at the sky and not seeing any airplanes (00:04:01) Enlisting in the Marines -Parents had gotten divorced and he wanted a sense of direction -Neighbor of his was a Marine -Eventually became a major influence and motivator for him to join the Marines -From fourth of fifth grade on he wanted to be a Marine -Wanted to go into Force Recon, or an equally elite part of the Marines -He was already talking to a recruiter when 9/11 happened -Entered into the delayed-entry program in June 2002 -After he turned eighteen and graduated high school he’d be in the Marines -Went through physical and mental preparation prior to entering boot camp -Learned general orders, code of conduct, history, etc. -Minimal rifle training -Leadership skills building -Took the Initial Strength Test (IST) before going into boot camp -Made sure that he could do enough pull ups, sit ups, and had good endurance -By time he shipped out for basic he was already running 50-60 miles/week (00:09:10) Basic Training-Arrival -Sent to San Diego, California out of Lansing, Michigan -In Lansing filled out the formal paperwork -Took the Oath of Office and Oath of Affirmation for the military -Flying out of Lansing was his first time on an airplane -Had a changeover onto a larger jet in Chicago -Went to the USO building in San Diego �-Greeted by a drill sergeant there -First real taste of Marine regimen and discipline -Taken to the training depot by bus -Late at night (to deprive the new recruits of sleep) -Not allowed to look out the windows of the bus until they were told they were allowed (00:11:21) Basic Training-Introduction -First thing taught is how to properly stand at attention -Drill sergeants immediately began to berate the new recruits -It was a matter of establishing who was in charge of whom -Kept up the entire first night with basic preliminary work -Getting haircuts -Getting supplies and training uniforms -Filling out more paperwork -The entire reception process took about a week -Focused on getting the recruits immersed and prepared for Marine living (00:13:59) Basic Training-Other Recruits -On “Black Friday” (at the end of reception week) assigned to training platoon -Met the drill sergeants that you would be working with -People you would be training with for the next twelve weeks -Started off with one hundred people -By the end of boot camp they were down to less than eighty recruits -People dropped out for various reasons -Failing drug tests, failure to assimilate, failing physical and mental tests -High amount of inner city kids in his boot camp most of them just graduated from high school -A few older recruits (older than eighteen/nineteen but younger than twenty seven) -Had one older recruit that kept getting recycled -Wanted to be a Marine but couldn’t pass the pull up test (00:18:47) Basic Training-First Phase -First phase of basic training was at San Diego -Basic physical training and introductory classes -Running, more on the code of conduct, history of the Marines, first aid -Discipline training -Large amount of conditioning on following orders -Lasted about one month (00:22:21) Basic Training-Second Phase -Second phase of basic training was at Camp Pendleton, California -North of San Diego -Largest Marine Corps installation in terms of troop strength -Second phase consisted mostly of firearms training -Learned how to properly acquire a target and fire your rifle -Had rifle qualification test at Camp Pendleton -Wanted to have expert marksman qualification -After an unfortunate accident on the day of testing he missed “expert” by one shot -Still qualified as a sharpshooter though -Had physical training every day -Taught about how to do “field physical training” �-Trained with hiking with a fully loaded backpack on -Trained with CS gas (tear gas) in a gas chamber -Had to be exposed to the gas and then put your gas mask on when you were told to -Finished with the Crucible -Extreme mental and physical exercises for three days -Reaper Hike: difficult uphill hike with full pack and a rifle -After the Crucible you were almost considered a Marine (00:35:26) Basic Training-Third Phase -Third phase of basic training was back at San Diego -Final drills -Final tests -Battalion commander comes in and inspects the entire training group -Took about three hours -Had to stand at attention in the hot sun for the entire time -Last classes -Turned gear back in -Practiced for graduation -Finer details of the ceremony -Getting fitted for dress uniform -Drill instructors relaxed during third phase and began to see recruits as closer to being equals -After graduation you received ten days leave (00:37:49) School of Infantry -After leave reported to your MOS (military occupation specialty) school -His was the School of Infantry at Camp Pendleton, California -Non-infantry Marines received Marine Combat Training -School of Infantry lasted six to eight weeks -Spent a large amount of time in the field doing hands on training -Offensive and defensive maneuvers -Trained with SAWs (squad automatic weapons), grenades, AT4 rocket launchers -At the end of the School of Infantry he received his infantry specialty -0311 Rifleman -Stayed for an extra month to qualify as an LAV crewman (MOS 0313) -LAV (light armored vehicle): similar to a tank, lighter armor, fast attack, reconnaissance -Learned how to drive an LAV, use the turret, and do basic maintenance on one (00:41:58) First Deployment to Iraq-Arrival -After he completed the School of Infantry he was assigned to his unit -1st Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion of the 1st Marine Division, Camp Pendleton -Stayed in California for two weeks preparing to be sent over -Only had two weeks to catch up with the rest of the unit -The rest of the unit had been preparing for about six months -Had some veterans from the initial invasion of Iraq in his unit -February 21, 2004 departed on a commercial airliner for Iraq -Allowed to go up into the cockpit and talk with the pilots -Saw the Northern Lights at 30,000 feet -Had a short layover in Prague, Czech Republic -Landed in Kuwait late at night �-Extremely hot air was the first thing that greeted him -He was one of the new guys so he had to unload the plane -Stayed in Kuwait for two weeks -Everyone got sick adjusting to the climate -Received additional training in Kuwait -Checkpoint training, patrolling, and basic language courses (00:48:09) First Deployment to Iraq-Moving into Iraq -March 7, 2004 he was promoted to lance corporal -March 8, 2004 his unit joined a larger convoy to move north from Kuwait into Iraq -Fear and excitement even among the veterans -Remembers hearing someone playing the “Top Gun” theme on a harmonica -March 9, 2004 at 5 AM the convoy began to move into Iraq -Part of Operation Enduring Freedom 2 (OEF 1 was the invasion of Iraq) -Condition 1 Weapons (ready to fire, but with the safety on) -Had to drive across Iraq towards the northwest corner of the country -Destination was Al Qa’im, Anbar Province (on the Syrian border) -Took three days to travel across the country -Quiet in terms of enemy contact or incidents involving the enemy -Had to rely on night vision and thermal vision to drive -No headlights allowed at night -Led to one LAV going off the road and winding up in a ditch -Held up the convoy for four hours (00:53:30) First Deployment to Iraq-Al Qa’im -Stationed in Al Qa’im of the Anbar Province -Base of operations was an abandoned train station -Fortified it and cleaned it up -When they arrived Al Qa’im was still a small forward operating base -First days there consisted of getting their weapons and vehicles prepared -Also insuring that their LAVs were still in good working order after the trip -Stationed on the Syrian border to intercept Insurgents coming over from Syria -His unit patrolled the heavily traveled areas on the border -Patrolled stretches of the border looking for signs of activity -Stationed there for eight months (00:56:26) First Deployment to Iraq-Enemy Contact Pt. 1 -Large amount of indirect enemy contact -IEDs (improvised explosive devices) were a prominent threat -Insurgents knew how to exploit weaknesses of US Forces -IEDs became sophisticated over time -They focused on staying off the road to avoid IEDs and landmines -LAVs were highly susceptible to anti-tank mines -July 20, 2004 at 4:30 AM he ran over an anti-personnel mine -Only took off the front tire of his LAV -In April they had already made direct contact with the Insurgents -Platoon had their first Marine killed in action -Losing a soldier made the war real and serious -Went to Fallujah to help prevent people from entering, or leaving, the city �(01:02:02) First Deployment to Iraq-Enemy Contact Pt. 2 -August 6, 2004 an IED went off extremely close to his LAV -Suffered minor wounds and moderate vehicular damage -After Fallujah and the incident on August 6 the conflict escalated dramatically -Lost nine vehicles and two Marines in one day -They were killed from a direct hit to their LAV -Became difficult to patrol their area after losing a third of their LAVs -Had to cover an area roughly the size of West Virginia -Never made actual contact with the Insurgents -He wishes that they could have had direct combat with the enemy -IEDs forced them and their commanders to reevaluate the tactics that they were using (01:09:05) First Deployment to Iraq-Relationship with Iraqis -Detained a large amount of military age Iraqi males -Participated in humanitarian missions -Building schools and distributing soccer balls to local children -Parents brainwashed their children into hating Americans as they got older -Little kids were extremely friendly towards American troops though -Major cultural differences made their work difficult -Tried to have good, light-hearted interactions with civilians -Middle aged and older civilians welcomed the American presence -Young men were the primary threat -Village elders provided U.S. forces with a tremendous source of intelligence -Iraqi police were relaxed and noncommittal -Not good for combat or patrols -Apathetic towards the conflict at hand (01:15:41) First Deployment to Iraq-Conditions -First tour consisted of a large amount of field work -When they were on base they strived to get hot food and call home -Also made sure to resupply and maintain their weapons and vehicles -Insurgents would target Iraqis that helped the Americans -Caused problems for basic maintenance on bases -For example: when their sewage workers were killed toilets overflowed -Iraqi weather made weapons useless if not constantly cleaned -Weather had no major effect on vehicles though -Heard very little information regarding how the larger war was going -Primarily focused on whether or not their area was improving -When they got a TV on base they had access to more current news (01:21:04) First Deployment to Iraq-Going Home Pt. 1 -New unit came in and his unit introduced them to the area -Showed important parts of the Anbar Province -Explained the current situation -Turned over control of the region to the new unit -His unit went to the Al-Assad Air Base in Anbar Province -Getting ready to go home when they were told they would have to go back to Fallujah -Told they would have to go to the city to provide support -At the last minute that deployment was cancelled �-Al-Assad Air Base was still unsecured -Subject to rocket and mortar harassment -From Al-Assad they flew to Kuwait (01:24:40) First Deployment to Iraq-Weapons Cache Duties -He once got charged with emptying a weapons cache near the Euphrates River -Soviet era weaponry and unstable explosives -Also found a buried refrigerator next to the Euphrates River filled with AK47 machine gun clips -He and a friend made a game involving throwing the magazines into the nearby river (01:27:07) First Deployment to Iraq-Morale -Very poor morale in the unit prior to leaving -Thinking that they would have to fight in the Second Battle of Fallujah crippled morale -Extremely poor morale while stationed outside of Fallujah -Under constant threat of ambush or rocket attack -Morale soared upon going home -Worked well together while in the field -Conditions were horrible, but they made do with what they had -Always tried to find ways to lighten the mood -Watched pirated movies bought from Iraqis during their downtime (01:31:06) First Deployment to Iraq-Going Home Pt. 2/Stationed at 29 Palms -Flew out of Kuwait towards March Air Force Base, California -Made a brief stop in Germany -Allowed to buy some German beer while there -Airline was very supportive -Given two weeks of post-deployment leave -Got married to his girlfriend on Friday October 22, 2004 -Bought a 2000 Chevy Impala -Following Tuesday he and his wife drove from Michigan to California -They were given base housing -Lived together in California for eleven months -Wife moved back to Michigan during his second deployment -He went to 29 Palms Marine Base, California for further training -Didn’t know at the time his unit would have to go back to Iraq -He was selected to be a part of a unit that would protect General Huck -Now in 2nd Marine Division (01:35:30) Second Deployment to Iraq-Protecting General Huck -Left for his second tour in August 2005 -Same process as first tour -He and his unit were relieving the 2nd Light Armored Recon Battalion -Got stationed at Blue Diamond, Ramadi, Anbar Province -Assumed the position of gunner on an LAV -Provided security for General Huck -Traveled with him at all time s -Primary duty was to keep the general alive -Job lasted for a month -Relatively safe and enjoyable position -Able to enjoy steak and lobster every Friday night at Blue Diamond �(01:40:35) Second Deployment to Iraq-Protecting Colonel Davis -After being at Blue Diamond he and his unit were sent to Al-Assad Air Base -Primary duty was to protect Colonel Davis -Joined Regimental Combat Marines 2 in Al-Assad Air Base -Conducted major operations in that area -Worked with Marine Reservists -Colonel Davis was a commander that genuinely cared about his Marines -Always wanted to go where his Marines were stationed -Even during combat operations -Once had to escort him to Husaybah that was being attacked by the Marines (01:43:14) Second Deployment to Iraq-Enemy Contact -During his second deployment he was able to stay out of a majority of combat operations -IEDs were still a primary threat -Knowledge of how to deal with them had improved though -On the outskirts of Husaybah a Humvee was destroyed -Driver was critically injured and evacuated quickly by helicopter -Gunner suffered a severe head injury -Still had very little information coming in in terms of the war’s progress -Knew of safe areas and the Green Zone around Baghdad -Knew that enemy activity was starting to subside (01:46:37) Second Deployment to Iraq-Conditions -Living conditions had markedly improved since the first tour -Able to sleep in actual beds in climate controlled buildings -Had access to news -Returned to Al Qa’im and it was totally refurbished -Surgical hospital with a large helipad -New mess hall -Better food and better supplies -Iraqi attitude hadn’t changed much at all -They either loved, or hated, the Americans -Second deployment was much easier -Being around high ranking officers meant a high level of safety -His particular unit never took any losses (01:51:40) Second Deployment to Iraq-Going Home -Got home in March 2006 -He was able to fly out of Al-Assad Air Base because it had grown in size -While there he had been able to spend Christmas Eve with his cousin -Flew out on a C-130 -They took off at an almost 90o angle to avoid missiles -Almost puked in his lap because of the amount of G-force during takeoff (01:54:40) Second Deployment to Iraq-Personal Communication -They had established a very good internet and telecommunications network -Able to check email, get mail, and use a webcam on a regular basis -Led to having a good amount of contact with his wife -It was a completely different situation than the first tour �-Still felt strange to be away during major personal events -Weddings, deaths, emergencies, birthdays, holidays, etc. -Realized that the news was not helpful for the families back home -Couldn’t let his family know that he was safe in real time (01:57:01) Returning Home and Working at 29 Palms -Returned home in March 2006 -Got promoted to the rank of sergeant -Asked if he wanted to extend his enlistment for another deployment -Turned it down because he wanted to go back to Michigan and start a family -Helped train new soldiers on the LAV -Worked in the field as an instructor at 29 Palms Marine Base, California -Taught a class on how to deal with IEDs -Last few months of his enlistment were relaxed -Over 60% of his old unit was replacement soldiers -High amount of inexperienced soldiers influenced him not to reenlist -He was tough on the new gunners to prepare them for combat in Iraq -Wanted them ready to deal with the reality of the war -Took live fire training extremely seriously -He was even able to reprimand superior officers when necessary (02:07:10) Leaving the Marines -Formally discharged in June 2007 -He had saved up leave days so that he could take “terminal leave” -Meant that his leave would go past his discharge date -By the beginning of April 2007 he was effectively done with his service in the Marines -He and his wife took a road trip and cruise through the Southern and Eastern U.S. -Had to return to Michigan from Georgia because of car transmission issues (02:08:38) Life after the Marines -Got a job through an old neighbor’s excavation company -Helped him to get reestablished in the civilian world -Got a job through the U.S. Postal Service -Worked as a letter carrier for three years -Started taking classes at Muskegon Community College -Quit the USPS and became a full time student -Eventually went from MCC to Grand Valley State University -Student there with a major in history and a minor in archaeology -Wants to return to Fruitport, Michigan to open a local historical museum -Wife stays home and raises their two children (02:11:20) Adjusting to Civilian Life -Veterans’ Administration has worked well with him -Provided him with GI Bill college benefits and healthcare benefits for wounds -Didn’t have any difficulty going back to being a civilian -Last year of service at 29 Palms was a good transition period -Able to be a Marine, but live with wife and go off base to relax -In Kuwait he and other returning soldiers went through reintegration classes -Taught how to go back to being civilian and readjusting to life -Feels that the military did a far better job with that than they did in Vietnam �-Has suffered some complications from concussive head injuries sustained in Iraq -Has tried to stay in shape even after leaving the Marines (02:16:34) Reflections on Service -Had a profound impact on his life -Made him into a loyal patriot and American -Taught him key life values and established a tangible meaning for them -Perseverance, integrity, honor, courage, and commitment -Allowed him to mature and become a functioning adult -Learned that in the real world experience can be far more important than rank and age -Service made him become an experience and adult member of society � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ZwartB1481V Title A name given to the resource Zwart, Brian (Interview outline and video), 2013 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zwart, Brian Description An account of the resource Brian Zwart was born on in 1985 in Grand Haven, Michigan, and grew up in that area. He enlisted in the Marine Corps in 2002, trained at San Diego and Camp Pendleton, and became a Light Armored Vehicle crewman in the 1st Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion of the 1st Marine Division, and deployed with them to Iraq in 2004. He spent his tour in Anbar Province, primarily trying to guard the frontier against insurgents. He returned for a second tour in 2005, this time providing security for different commanders in Anbar Province, and was discharged in 2007. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) WKTV (Wyoming, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Iraq War, 2003-2011--Personal narratives, American United States. Marine Corps Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013-03-07 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4a20c331c66c9bad6cf74fb0bba517dc.mp4 0aa0bef794cb5e9931e8065c717f6919 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b152ed8b2b17aad3ac44ff09e3bdce0c.pdf 522e88be6cad5bbd351dcf35d55f81db PDF Text Text ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEW GORDON ZUVERINK Interviewed by: Anita VanTil, GVSU Transcribed by: Joan Raymer June 29, 2007 Interviewer: “What is your name” Gordon Zuverink Interviewer: “What was your rank during your time in the South Pacific?” Staff Sergeant. Interviewer: “What year did you join the National Guard?” 1939, after I got out of high school. I needed a few bucks of extra money and that was a good way to get a few dollars to spend and a couple of my buddies were in there so I joined the “Guard” not knowing what was going to happen. Interviewer: “When you joined the 126th did you understand the history of the 32nd Division at all? Had you heard anything about it?” No. I just joined because it was a local National Guard. 1:01 Interviewer: “Had you ever lived traveled outside the West Michigan area before that?” Not much, I doubt whether I was even out of the state. I traveled to the east side of the state as a teenager, I drove in my Jalopy, but no, I had not done any extensive traveling, of course I was only 19 when I joined—I was 18 when I joined and I was 19 when we went to Louisiana. Interviewer: “How did Holland send you guys off? Were there dinners?” Oh, there was a big parade downtown. We marched from the armory down 8th Street to the depot and thousands of people lined the streets and sent us off to meet the train. 1:55 Interviewer: “Did you take any good luck charms or mementos with you to Louisiana?” 1 �No, just a photograph of my girl friend and that was about the extent of it. Interviewer: “I am going to ask you some questions about Louisiana now. Tell me about a typical day in Louisiana, what did you do?” I was a Supply Sergeant, so I didn’t do a lot of field training. I did some shooting on the range, we all had to do that, but primarily I was in charge of supply and had to make sure that the guys had the necessary clothing they needed and like the cooks, they stayed in camp, but whenever there was a review, of course, I had to march in the review and I was the guy that carried the guidon, a little flag. 3:00 Interviewer: “What is the funniest thing you ever saw in Louisiana?” I didn’t see much funny about Louisiana. We had some funny things happen in our organization, but in Louisiana we did make a couple of trips through Baton Rouge and Alexandria, which was the town nearest us, but we didn’t get mixed up in the civilization of Louisiana other than Sundays. We did come from a religious group and we would go to church on Sunday evening and we got to sing in the choir a few times, so we were a little active in that way, in the local scenario. 3:56 Interviewer: “Do you remember where you were when you heard about Pearl Harbor?” Oh yes. Interviewer: “Can you tell me about that?’ It was Sunday morning and my wife was there. My wife and I got married the summer before, so my wife and I were at our little garage home that we shared with the First Sergeant of my company and we had heard what went on, that we had been attacked by the Japanese at Pearl Harbor and we immediately went to the local gathering spot, the Schlitz Canteen, just outside of Camp Livingston and that’s where everybody talked and 2 �watched and tried to decide what was going to happen to us at that time. I could almost name the guys that were there, my First Sergeant and the other guys that were out of camp for the weekend. That was just outside of Camp Livingston. 5:12 Interviewer: “Do you think your training prepared you for New Guinea? That you had in Louisiana?” Prepared for war, but not for New Guinea. There was no training. There was no jungle training that we had up to that time. In fact, when we were in Australia, not even then. We always said, “The people that trained us for jungle warfare were the Japanese”. Interviewer: “Can you describe the train trip over to California? What kind of accommodations and atmosphere was there?” 5:55 Well that’s a---from station to station and I’m sure you hear this from other people, but every time the train stopped to feed—we were fed along the way of course, some of the guys would go to the chow line and other ones would head for town to find the nearest bar to pick up a bottle and there was a bit of alcohol consumed during the train ride across the country and that was the longest trip any of us had had for a long time. We went from Fort Devens, of course, to San Francisco, but it was exciting. 6:50 Interviewer: “I’m going to ask you some more questions about the trip to the South Pacific. Can you tell me what ship you were on and how long did it take to get there?” We were on the S.S. Lurline. That was a converted pleasure liner. I believe it took us 21 days to get there and the reason it took so long, I guess, is because most of the way we were zigzagging and I was on gun duty and watching for periscopes and submarines and enemy ships. I recall a couple of days the ship turned around and headed straight east and I thought, “well maybe the war has been called off, maybe were going back”, but 3 �what I found later---apparently there was some scare of some ships seen in the area, so it was a dodging maneuver trying to get out of that area, but we saw no other ships. We had, I believe, a 9-ship convoy until we reached Australia of course. 8:17 Interviewer: “Did you have a “King Neptune” ceremony?” Oh yes. Interviewer: “Tell me about it.” Oh, that was rough. I wasn’t one of them that they---we had representatives that would represent each of us to go through the thing, but I was glad I wasn’t there and I wouldn’t want to, because the guys got messed up pretty good. I believe I still have in my memorabilia, the card that I am whatever they call it, I have forgotten. Interviewer: “You’re official?” Yup, I’m a member. Interviewer: “Had you heard any rumors about the Japanese or the fighting that was going on while you were on your way to the South Pacific?” 9:09 No, no, there was some speculation on board ship wondering where we were going to go and the best rumor we had was that we were going to Hawaii, which proved not to be true. Interviewer: “It wouldn’t have been so bad—better than what you ended up in?” Yeah. Interviewer: “In Australia now, how did the Australians treat you Americans?” Wonderful, the hospitality was great there. We were the “Yanks’ of course. They called us the “Bloody Yanks”. 9:46 4 �Interviewer: “What was your reaction to the Australian soldiers that you saw coming back from New Guinea? Did you see any soldiers?” A few. Not too many, that was 1942 and there weren’t many back there yet. Occasionally we would run into a few when we would get a leave and go into the local pub to drink a few beers, there would usually be a couple of them in there. They were very friendly guys and we were impressed at their—they were “Gung Ho”. That’s the way they were on the front line too, they were just great fighters—we found out later in New Guinea fighting along side of them. 10:38 Interviewer: “What is the best memory you have of Australia?” Well, my best memories of Australia after I got back, because we didn’t see much of it while we were there, we were in camp primarily, either at Sandy Creek down at Adelaide or up at Newcastle, Brisbane and Camp Cable. We didn’t get out much at that time; it was only afterward that we really mixed with the civilian population, after I got out of combat. Interviewer: “How and where did you land on New Guinea?” 11:39 We landed at Port Moresby. I might add, our first recognition that there was a war going on was a ship right along side of where we docked was sunk by the Japanese and was lying there in the water. A big Liberty Ship I think it was, so we knew---war became a reality then. Interviewer: “What were the native people like that you met while you were on New Guinea? Physically, were they helpful? Did they have any strange customs?” Well, Port Moresby of course, was somewhat civilized and they wore regular clothes like anybody else does. It was later on we met the true Papuan native. Again, when we were 5 �at Port Moresby, we were restricted and we stayed right at that bivouac area and I was only at the bivouac area a couple of days. 12:52 Interviewer: “What kind of weaponry did you personally carry?” I carried an M1 rifle, which I changed a couple of times on the front line. I was the expert rifleman in our company and I was the designated sniper and I preferred other weapons to the M1 for sniping duties, in fact the best sniping rifle I had was a captured Japanese sniper’s rifle. It worked better than ours. It was more precise, it had a longer barrel and you could shoot it better, but primarily starting out, I had the M1 rifle. 13:45 Interviewer: “What did you throw away out of your pack?” First one was, we weren’t on the trail a half a day and we threw the gas masks away. We didn’t figure we would be gassed. Interviewer: “What items that were in your pack were the most helpful to you?” My shelter half, the half of the pup tent and of course a couple of pair of socks that I had which were gone pretty fast on this hike over the Owen Stanley Mountains. 14:23 Interviewer: “What was the Kapa Kapa Trail like physically?” It was very grueling, not a wide trail, not nearly as wide as the Kokoda Trail, the Kokoda Trail was one of the main trails going across New Guinea, but the Kapa Kapa Trail was a little known trail, I understood from history that I researched after the war and it only went one way, two ways, up and back and you couldn’t stray from that trail. You couldn’t get lost because, you know, somebody didn’t lead me and say, “go this way”, you just followed the trail and kept going in a northeasterly direction. 15:18 Interviewer: “How cold did it get in the Owen Stanley Mountains at night?” 6 �It didn’t get cold, it’s the rain forest and it was quite warm. At the top of the mountain, when we really got into the rain forest, there it got a little bit chilly, but I don’t ever remember being cold. Wet, yes, in fact perspiring after a couple of days—we wore fatigues, that was out uniform and the pant legs were pulling on my legs because they were wet and I finally cut them off and that was much easier walking than having those pant legs dragging on my skin all the time. It was much more comfortable. 16:16 Interviewer: “I know we talked about this a little bit ahead of time, but can you tell me a little bit about the native teenager that helped you?” Oh yes, we had an interpreter with us and we had some natives that were bearers, carrying some of the heavier equipment for us, but we did have this teenager, Carlo Keela, who was an interpreter for our company and I didn’t get to know him very well, I knew of him and I knew him a little bit as we were walking across, but when we got over the top of the high peak and on the other side of the mountain, I might add that we were supplied by dropping areas, that’s the only way we could get food and when we would get to a dropping area, they would say,” take whatever you want for 5 days or 4 days or whatever it is”, so it was up to us to carry our own food, but when we got over to the other side of the mountain, we saw native villages all along the way, but this particular native village was called Jaure and I being the supply Sergeant for my unit, they put me in charge of that dropping area and left Carlo Keela, the interpreter, with us and we had with us a two man radio crew from the Signal Corps and they stayed in a little hut with the radio on by the side of the mountain and they would inform us when a plane was going to come over to drop supplies and food. 18:05 Other than that it was kind of fun. I don’t know how long we were there, maybe 10 days or 2 weeks. We had stayed there 7 �until the rest of the battalion came through, up the trail and picked up their supplies. We had tea and moldy bread and didn’t have any socks or clothing or anything, just food and no ammunition, they didn’t drop ammunition, we had to carry all that, but Carlo and I got to be very friendly and I have never forgotten the kid, a young teenager, he had been educated in a mission and could speak good English and could converse in the various dialects of the natives and he proved important to us when it came time when we received instructions. When the last of the troops came through our dropping area, we had to pack up and leave and head for Buna, so he commandeered the natives from the local village to pack up our supplies and we headed down the Kapa Kapa Trail for the front lines. 19:26 Interviewer: “When and where did your unit encounter the Japanese for the first time?” Well, it was on the Sanananda Trail. Our company was posted on just short of a road block that the anti tank battalion had established and our company had to keep that line open so they could get supplies back and forth to their unit. They called it a listening post, they were there just to make sure the Japanese didn’t come through and cut off the anti tank group that was up there and not very exciting, but one evening I had just finished eating a delicious can of mutton and I had my rifle laying across my knees, and sitting on a big log that went out into the jungle, when I heard a rustling noise and I looked around there was a Japanese just crawling up over the log, on the other end of the log that I was sitting on. 20:45 He was the wrong way, my gun is here and you shoot like that, like a dummy I shot pheasants and things and if it worked out I’d shoot left handed, but no, I had to jump around and twist around and by the time he saw me move, he jumped behind a bush along side that log, so I let one fly into that bush and he let out 8 �a yelp and he came crawling back across that log and I thought, “now I gotcha” and I had a bead on him and he was going to be a dead Jap. “Click”, I had a jam, I had a cartridge jammed in the chamber and you talk about a scared “Dutchman”, I was so scared, I thought if he heard that click, he and I are going to go hand to hand and that was evening at dusk and that was the worst night I spent on the front line. 21:46 The moon was shinning, when it got dark I was laying there waiting for these Japs to come back and the moon was shinning and casting shadows on the ground and the whole Japanese army came right through my position, I imagined. I knew it was my imagination working on me, I couldn’t get over it, that was the worst night I spent on the whole front line. Other worst nights, we had frontal attacks that weren’t fun at all. That was my first encounter with the Japanese and I guess I just winged him, I think I got him in the leg. He looked like he was dragging his leg when he went over the top of that log. 22:35 Interviewer: “Do you remember who was the first casualty in your unit and can you tell me about him?” I think it was Sergeant Dannenburg and right after that it was Sergeant Fuller. Dannenburg was from Wisconsin and Fuller was from Wayland or somewhere around here. I met his family, relatives of his at one of our reunions and they talked to me about him and I said, “yes, I knew Steve”, but Sergeant Dannenburg was the first one that was shot by a sniper and he had crawled over to one of his members of his platoon who was in a fox hole and had been hit by a sniper in the belly and he was crying for help, so Dannenburg crawled over there and was talking to him in the fox hole and he said, “we’ll get you outa there Boogie, we’ll getch outa there” and bang, right through his helmet and Dannenburg was dead and so we had to get him out of there knowing that the sniper was 9 �still out there. 23:50 Of course when a sniper was in the area, we put all the machine guns and all the 50 caliber guns on all the suspecting palm trees and just blaze the tops away trying to get whoever was around, you couldn’t see them up there, but we couldn’t leave Dannenburg lay there so Harry Glatz and I said, “Harry lets go in there, you grab one leg and I’ll grab the other and we’ll get him outa there”, so we dashed up there and we each took a leg and dragged him outa there and we eventually got Boogie outa there, I believe it was later on in the afternoon, so we apparently had gotten the sniper with the fire we put down. A couple of days later Fuller got it, he was talking talking to his--standing on the edge of a fox hole talking to a couple of his guys, members of his platoon, he had his hand up to his chin like this and he got shot right through the hand and the throat and it popped his neck wide open and I thought, “oh no” and we had to go up there and get him outa there, so those were the 2, first 2, my counterpart, because I was up to Platoon Sergeant, we don’t need Supply Sergeants on the front lines, so I was Platoon Sergeant, but we did have counter attacks and attacks that we went on where guys were shot and I don’t remember who they were. 25:24 In fact, a Lieutenant, one of our frontal attacks, Lieutenant before we went on the attack he said, “stick by me Zuverink, stay right by me”, so I did. At the signal we got out of our fox holes and started screaming and hollering and running and suddenly I heard a BANG behind me and Lieutenant went down, we had over run one of the Japanese in the ground and shot the Lieutenant in the back and of course I grabbed a grenade and threw it down in the fox hole and took care of him, but those are the kind of things we had during the frontal attacks, they were not fun, run and scream like a banshee—you couldn’t really see anything, just throw that out there and hope that you didn’t get hit. 26:23 10 �Interviewer: “What about your cousin, John Van Til?” Yea, see he was in Company “D” and I went into Cannon Company back when 126 was streamlined, so I had transferred to Cannon Company, but I had heard just a day after John got hit that, I believe or was led to believe, that he was with Ozzie Vos, who was a Lieutenant, Ozzie got wounded and John got killed instantly and I guess it was a mortar shell that got him. John and I were pretty close--we went on passes together when we were in Louisiana. John always told my wife, after war was declared and we knew we were going, he told my wife he said, “don’t worry about your husband, he’s going to come back, he is a good shot and a good soldier”, he said, “me I don’t know”, my wife never forgot that. 27:30 Interviewer: “Did your unit ever take any POW’s?” None, I guess the motto was, “Take no prisoners”, shoot before they can get so close that you can take them prisoner. Of course they were, I understood afterward that they were all worn out and quite emaciated. They had fought over the Kokoda Trail and back again, but there were some replacements that had not fought on the Kokoda Trail. Speaking of the Kapa Kapa Trail and the Kokoda Trail, the Japanese, I mean the Aussies, were reinforced when the Japanese got within 35 miles of Port Moresby. If they had gotten to Port Moresby and taken that, the next stepping stone would have been the mainland of Australia, so it was important that they be beaten back, so the Aussies started pushing them back down the Kokoda Trail and I often wondered, “what on earth were we walking up that Kapa Kapa Trail for, why did we have to walk to Buna when later on our guys flew over?” 29:02 Well, I found out later that we were supposed to get behind the Japanese and cut off their supply lines. Well, the further we walked, the further the 11 �Aussies pushed the Japs back and by the time we got to Buna they were already back there, so that was our first encounter. I did see a couple of—two different time we did see Aussies coming off of the line and how they got to the Kapa Kapa Trail, I don’t know, but there would be 3 or 4 of them in one particular time they were carrying a stretcher with one of their wounded fellas and I remember I said in my written biography, auto-biography, I said that “they met us and as they were coming by us they said, “give em hell yanks”. 29:55 Interviewer: “Do you feel that you had a reputation to uphold, both as an American and as a member of the 32nd?” Oh, absolutely. Yes we knew we were setting a precedent, we were the first American soldiers over there and sure we had to show what the American people were like. We had a reputation to uphold, sure. Interviewer: “Were you injured ever at Sanananda, Buna or on the trail?” No, never injured by enemy fire, no. I got malaria fever, black water fever, had 2 kinds of worms they discovered, Hook Worm and Whip Worm, jungle rot was the, other than malaria, jungle rot was the worst thing, a series of boils that were on both legs and they just wouldn’t heal up, just like boils, jungle rot and that got a lot of the guys, it was a fungus, wet clothing. 31:23 My wife said, “How often were you able to change your socks?” I said, “I only had one pair of socks and I only had one pair of underwear” and I tried to wash it out if we got near a stream, that’s about the extent of it. It would get wet most of the time at night. It would rain almost every day and we would wake up wet in the morning. Just during the day it would dry up and at night it would get wet again and we had no reporters with us, certainly no camera crew, but there were a few reporters that 12 �got into Buna I guess and you might have read it that it was the worst bunch of American soldiers that he had ever seen in his life, circled eyes and skinny limbs. After a couple of months walking on the trail, we were in pretty tough shape. 32:22 Interviewer: “What happened to the unit’s morale as they went over the trail?” It wasn’t good. It was pretty hard to keep upbeat, I keep mentioning Harry Glatz, a friend of mine from Holland, Harry I were probably the best physical specimens, we didn’t march, we walked as fast as we could. Harry and I always were out in front, we always arrived at the bivouac area first and it was, looking back at it, like a walk in the park. Some of the guys, they just couldn’t take it, they were so exhausted and the heels, walking in the mud and the roots, some of the heels come off and some would lose the heels of their shoes and had very difficult walking and you couldn’t get a new pair of shoes. 33:35 They complained that they couldn’t walk anymore, they couldn’t walk anymore, well I guess my commanding officer, Captain Fenton, didn’t like—he took offense that Harry and I were the first ones in camp every night, had our fire made, had our rice cooked, and he said, ”Zuverink, your going to bring up the rear tomorrow and push these guys, your going to be the pusher tomorrow and for a few days.” I didn’t like that at all because some of the time I’m carrying 2 packs and pushing the guys, pushing the guys along and those were the toughest, my toughest days on the trail, trying to help someone else along. After a few days of that I told the Captain, “you can court martial me if you want to, but if I want to get to the other side, I can’t keep doing that, I need to get back out front where I belong”, so he never said anything about it and let it go at that. 34:47 13 �Interviewer: “So all those nights that you spent on the trail and all the nights you were at Buna and Sanananda, what did you dream about the most? What did you have left to look forward to?” Well, I didn’t do much dreaming because I didn’t fall asleep until I was utterly exhausted and of course we could only sleep in shifts and the guy next to you was going to stay awake while you took a nap and it was not a whole night’s sleep. I remember a couple of times waking up in the morning laying on the ground and you pick a little high spot in the ground to lay on and in the morning you wake up and my hand and my feet are in the water that wasn’t there the night before-- it rained. It would rain so hard in the night that the water would collect and then run off again, but there not the best of accommodations there. 35:42 Water, drinking water, if we weren’t near a river, the only way we could get a canteen full of water was to dig a hole in the ground and the water was probably a foot below there, just dig a hole until we got water and get all that mud out of there and wait for a half hour until all that dirt and foam would settle and take a canteen cup and dip it in there and fill your canteen and put 2 iodine drops-- tablets in there and it was fresh water. That’s the only way we could get water unless, like I said, you would come upon a river. Interviewer: “You were telling us how you woke up in the field hospital there. Did you go back to the hospital in Australia then too?” Yes, I was carried from the front line and flown back from the Buna area to Port Moresby and went into the field hospital there, which was like a big circus tent and I understand that I was there probably a week, a small week maybe, in a semi-coma and when I woke up I was wondering where I was, I had to ask where I was, I woke up in the evening, I 14 �remember, and I checked to see if all my limbs were still there yet. 37:23 I raised one leg and thought, “that can’t be my leg, that skinny limb there”. When I went in, when we went into New Guinea, I weighed close to 200 lbs. And at that hospital I weighed 135 lbs. and I was in that hospital until I was ambulatory, until I could walk to the plane and I was flown to Townsville and we didn’t have any seats or benches in the plane and we sat on the aluminum floor and the vibration, when the plane landed I couldn’t walk. 38:08 They had to carry me off the plane. This was at Townsville where we landed and back into the hospital again and I spent some time there. What I had was orchitus, that affects the testicles and I couldn’t walk or do anything. I was there recuperating for about a week and ambulatory well enough to go to—to get a pass to go to town and drink a couple of beers and I walked to town and walked back, but by the time walked back I was down again. I shouldn’t have done that, so it was another few days and they finally gave up. They put me on another plane and sent me back—no I got better—I healed up and I got ambulatory and I could go back to my company, so they flew me back to Brisbane and I went back to Sandy Creek and joined my outfit again, who was getting—Cannon Company was getting replacements from the states and rebuilding to a new strength again. 39:14 I took over my job as Supply Sergeant and I don’t know how long we were there, but I would go back and forth to the hospital with malaria. Malaria would throw me back and forth to the hospital. Finally they gave up on me and said, “this guy can’t do it anymore”. They flew me to Sidney and I went to the 118th general hospital in Sidney and I was in that hospital for 9 months trying to get over---they were trying to heal up my jungle rot and get rid of the worms I had in my intestines and get over the occurrences of malaria and black water fever and after 9 months they discharged me and 15 �sent me to the replacement depot and from there I was reassigned to the 799th Military Police Battalion. 40:10 We were in charge of a stockade in Sydney that was not a POW camp, that stockade that was for our “bad boys” AWOL’s and deserters. Some of our guys would slip away from their outfit and our guards would have to go and pick them up and put them in the stockade until we could send them back to their unit, but that’s primarily what I did in Sydney, I was the Supply Sergeant for the stockade and the Military Police. Interviewer: “Was there quite a bit of AWOL’s and people walking off?” Lots of them, our stockade was full. 40:55 We had a couple of bad guys I remember who were not AWOL’s, they were deserters, guys that just left their outfit and those bad ones, we sent to a prison called “Round Mountain” at Brisbane and that’s where the bad guys went. AWOL’s, they were just out for a good time and we sent them back to their unit. We had some occurrences in the stockade, I remember one time one of our bad ones was shot, he had escaped once before, his name was Bert, and he was a “baddie”. He escaped once before and we got him and got him back in again and he was— sometime later he was trying to climb the wall again and the guard said “halt, halt, get back down off that fence, halt” and he kept climbing and he shot him in the back and knocked him off the fence and that was--- we had found that he came from a bad family, his mother was in prison over here stateside and he should have been let go for the good of the service. He was more trouble than good. 42:09 Interviewer: “ Do you remember when the decision was made to send you back here to the states and what was that like?” 16 �It went on rotation points. You built up rotation points by time and combat service. You reach a certain point, I forgot what they were, but they were in the hundreds. I knew that I had enough points to go back to the states and I just kept bugging my Captain and he said, “we need you here, you’re important to this” and he finally admitted, when I finally did get my traveling orders he said, “we have inspection, you know we have inspection periodically and I always get an A-1 rating and it is primarily because of the way you run a supply, your one of the reasons and I can’t let you go” and I said, “oh come on a prisoner could do my work, a trustee could do my work”. “No” he said, “you’re important to me”. I never forgot that, he held me over and I could have gone 2 months earlier, I had enough points to go. 43:31 I think I mentioned before that I was married. When I left, I left my wife pregnant and my daughter, I found out, was born on September 12 when I was in New Guinea at Port Moresby and I don’t think I was on the trail at that time, but at one of the dropping stations we received some mail, it was dropped to us and I received a V-Mail saying that you had a daughter born on September 12th and I was walking over the Owen Stanley Mountains and that was the first I found out that I was a father. I never saw her until she was—oh, a couple of months before her 3rd birthday, so I had something to come home to. 44:28 Interviewer: “Was your wife here in town or was she at a base?” No, she—when we shipped out to Massachusetts, she lived in Holland and she was working for the defense plant in Holland and she worked there all the time I was gone and she lived with her mother and father and they, her mother and father, raised my daughter and that was a bad thing when we decided to move out and take her with us. 17 �Her grandfather and she were such buddies, they were mother and father to her you know. It was a pretty tough situation for her to get pulled out of that environment. 45:27 Interviewer: “Were you awarded any medals for service or distinction and if so, what for?” Have I earned any medals? Interviewer: “No, were you awarded any medals?” Yes, the Bronze Star with 2 clusters and that was the one special one. The rest were all— Good Conduct Ribbon, everybody got a Good Conduct Ribbon unless they died in the stockade, but if you were a good guy, you got a Good Conduct Ribbon. I had the Expert Rifleman’s Badge and Combat Infantry Badge, which they all got if you were in combat infantry and the unit citations of course; we had Presidential Unit Citations, I probably got a dozen medals that I was awarded. Some of them I didn’t get until several years ago. I had to write for them because they weren’t issued at the time I was discharged. If I had them on my chest they would cover a good share of the left side of my chest. 46:45 Interviewer: “do you remember how long it took you to get back home to Holland from the South Pacific?” Well, I don’t know how long we were on board ship. We go on board ship at Brisbane. We had to go from Sydney to Brisbane to get on board ship and guess what ship I got on? The Lurline, the same one I went over on. I don’t know how long it took us to get back; it certainly didn’t take us 21 days. We went in a direct line and one of the greatest sights I ever saw was the Golden Gate Bridge when we went under that and I think I was only there a day or 2 and we were shipped back across by train to Chicago and the Great Lakes. I was separated from the Great Lakes Separation Center in Chicago. I was there 18 �for medical examinations and so on for 3 or 4 days and my sister, who was a nurse and her husband is a doctor, they live in Chicago, she drove me home when I was finally discharged, she drove me home. 48:02 When I got to Chicago I couldn’t wait to buy a set of “civvies”, a shirt and slacks, I had to get out of that army gear, so when I came home we drove up to my parents home and my wife knew that I was coming and she was there with my daughter and I stepped out of the car and my daughter was standing by the big tree and she got behind that big tree and she said, “you’re not my soldier daddy”. That was the worst thing I could have done was to come home in “civvies”, I’m telling you, I should have worn my uniform. I never forgot that, “you’re not my soldier daddy”. 48:43 Interviewer: “Did you ever visit or contact the families of the men from this area that died in New Guinea?” The only one that I recall is the Fullers, the Fuller family, I believe they are from Wayland. I ran into them at one of our reunions and they were there as guests or just people watching and they sorted me out afterwards and asked me if I had remembered Steve and I said, “oh yes, I remembered Steve very well”, I said, “I hauled him out after he had been killed”, They never heard how he died or talked to anybody who was there when he died, but that one I did. I never met the family of Dannonberg, he was from Wisconsin and of course the local guys. 49:39 My wife started keeping a scrapbook; it’s still there, up on the table there and its pretty well weather beaten and dog-eared. The pages are rotting, but their still---she made—she clipped articles out of the paper about everyone who was killed there until Boersma and those that came back wounded, but it’s all in that scrap book and it will be a keepsake that I pass along to my kids and of course 19 �John Van Til, my cousin and some of the other guys that-- their family, that got killed over there, always been in touch with them. 50:24 Interviewer: “ How do you think your time in the South Pacific altered your life?” Well, I grew up fast. I was 19 when I---I was not yet 20 when we left for Louisiana. I was born in November and we left in October and I was going to be 20 in November and I was just a young buck yet and had some wild oats to sow I guess, but we grew up fast over there. I look back at it and you know a lot of people say they can’t talk about it , but to me it was an experience I wouldn’t want to do again and I wouldn’t want to trade it for anything in the world. 51:16 I was so impressed with the whole thing, the way it went and primarily because I didn’t get killed. I came out of it and I guess—I carried a bible with me—I was a member of the 9th Street Christian Reformed Church and I had a little zippered bible that I carried with me all the time and I have that now and If you’ve got a supreme being that you know is looking after you—he sure did take care of me I’ll tell ya. There were times when bullets were flying around my feet and I still don’t know why I didn’t get hit. At one particular time, I came off—I had just talked to my platoon up front at various fox holes and told them that we were going to have a frontal attack and when it started the signal would be a burst of machine gun fire and we were supposed to open up with everything we had and I had just left the last one and I was coming back to my post, which was a bunker, and when I say bunker, which I did my sniping out of, when someone with a Tommy Gun spotted a Jap and they let that burst go and everybody thought that was it and they started firing and the Japs started firing back. 52:42 I was right in the machine gun lane, the grass was all cut off about this high from the bullets and those bullets were flying around my legs and you talk about a “Dutchman” taking big 20 �strides, I took about 3 or 4 big leaps and I dove behind that bunker and to this day I don’t know how they all missed me, but that was the closest one I had I guess, other than being on the front line. 53:10 You didn’t know if you had a bullet with your name on it or if it was for the guy next to you. Interviewer: “How were you received by Holland when you got back?” Great. My only regret is that we weren’t able to come back as a unit with all our uniforms on and march down the street and march back to the armory the way we left. We came back one at a time and just kind of melted back into civilization. Guys would get together at the local pub and drink a few beers and talk about their experiences because we had all separated pretty much. We all went separate ways during those years that we were overseas. We landed in April in 1942 and left there in June of 1945, so there were 3 years that had passed. Some guys had gone back to the states wounded and others got reassigned in the states, but we were recognized, I’ll tell you. 54:25 Of course the guards, to this day, the Holland National Guard means a lot to people. We have so many reunions put on by the city and the guards themselves and honored constantly time and time again. We just had one last Veterans Day—no, V-J Day it was, that we had a get together here in town. We were really honored there and the Mayor came up to me after we had a band concert and fireworks at Tunnel Park, which we were at and the Mayor came up to me and talked to me. He said, “I know who you are, I’m not going to ask you, I’m going to ask you how long you were in the service and when you got in”, because he knew I got in in 1940 and he had been at several of our reunions. We’ve had reunions at the armory and it’s been and honor, It really has been an honor. 55:27 I don’t mind talking about it and I am proud of it. In fact, I think I told you, I 21 �wrote and autobiography of my entire life and people who have read it said they, some people who have read it said they couldn’t lay it down. They just couldn’t. I do, I have written, I’m a sportsman, I’m a fisherman, so I’ve done some writing for some of the sporting magazines, so I know what journalism is all about. Interviewer: “Is it important for to you to stay in touch with other vets who served in the South Pacific?” Yes indeed. I am kind of the historian for our local Company “D” and for Cannon Company, the unit I served in New Guinea with and I keep track of who’s where and who dies and right now it’s down to, Bill Sikkel and I are the last two of the Holland National guard that left here in October of 1940 and went to New Guinea, we’re the only two left, Bill Sikkel and I. I’ve been to a lot of military funerals of my friends and buddies and after one and at a reunion we had, I made a little speech and I said,” you know I’ve been to some military funerals and I just hope that none of you guys ever come to my military funeral because it will mean I’m the last guy standing”. Bill never forgot that. 57:20 Interviewer: “I think he was competing with you for that one.” Yup, Bill is a pretty young looking guy too, well preserved. 57:32 Interviewer: “Well preserved, well thank you very much sir”. Frank Boring: That was outstanding. Session #2 Interviewed by: Anita VanTil Transcribed by: Joan Raymer August 9, 2007 Interviewer: “Explain the send off that Holland gave for the company “D”.” Well, that was rather eventful. We left in the evening and marched down the steps of the armory and it was about a 3-block tour to the depot where we marched downtown. Down 22 �the Main Street and crowds lined the street like it was tulip time. There were many, many people down there and they all congregated at the depot where we met the train that had come from Muskegon. :59 Interviewer: “Had the train already picked some up?” The train had picked up a company from Muskegon and Grand Haven I believe and then they were to pick up our company, Company “D”. Interviewer: “Can you remember anything that can stand out to you that maybe your mother or father or an older figure in your life had said before you left?” I don’t remember saying goodbye to my parents. I had a girlfriend that was not there that day, she was a nanny in Illinois and she intentionally went with them so she wouldn’t have to be there to say goodbye to me, but some of the other guy’s girlfriends were all there and they were hoisting them up to the windows in the train and I’ve got a picture of that, but my girlfriend was over in Illinois. 1 :00 Interviewer: “On the train and when you were picking up everybody, what was the— how did it feel? Was this just a trip that you were going on? Did you see the serious part of it yet?” Well, I thought it was rather eventful to look forward to because a young kid in those days, I was, I guess, nineteen years old and I don’t know if I was ever out of the state of Michigan. I had taken a few trips with my buddies in an old rattle trap of a car, but we were going to go to Louisiana and that was a long way away and if I had been out of the state of Michigan, I don’t know were it would have been, it might have been Indiana, but I doubt it, so it was quite an event for me. 23 �Interviewer: “I’m going to skip over to Australia because we had a lot of footage on the trip over unless there is something that really stands out that you think we should know about”. There was one occasion on the trip over when we boarded the Lurline in San Francisco. We had been out for 3 or 4 days heading southwest and there was some talk and speculation that we were going to Hawaii, which would have been nice, but suddenly for a matter of 2 or 3 days we headed straight east and I could tell because of where the sun came up. I thought it unusual and I thought maybe the war had been canceled because of lack of interest or something, but no, we had turned that way to avoid a large Japanese convoy that was trying to head us off. That was the main feature. 1:02 Interviewer: “How did you and the other Holland guardsmen, from Holland, remain bonded while training in Australia? How did you pass the time?” Of course we were in a makeshift camp, but the days, of course, were spent drilling, but the nights, some of us would chase off to the nearest town which was Gollar and we headed for the nearest pub and we would get in there and drink some beer and some wine. We did play a little softball and we played cards of course in the evening, but our schedule was pretty tight because we ran a tight training schedule knowing we wouldn’t have a long time to get prepared for wherever we were going to go. 1:03 Interviewer: “Did you go by boat over to Port Moresby?” Yes, by Liberty Ship. We landed in Adelaide, which is in southern Australia and sometime after that we were put on a troop train and taken through the outback to Brisbane and we left the Brisbane port on board a Liberty Ship to go to Port Moresby, New Guinea. 24 �Interviewer: “If you can remember back, what was atmosphere aboard the boat as you approached Port Moresby? Was there fear or was there shock?” Well, when we were heading into the port there, this was our first signs of was, that there was a war going on. There was a ship that had been sunk in the harbor and it was right next to where we docked so, the reality of it all of a sudden came into our minds that we were here. 1:04 Interviewer: “Where the Japanese bombing Port Moresby when you arrived or was it pretty quiet?” There were no signs of the Japanese in Port Moresby while we were there, but of course they had been bombing there because they bombed that ship, but there wasn’t much sign of any demolition by bombs in Port Moresby. We saw no--occasionally we’d see a Japanese bomber way up high in the evening, not zeroed on Port Moresby, I don’t know where they were going, so we didn’t see much of the was in Port Moresby. Interviewer: “Explain how long of a time you were at Port Moresby before you went on the trail? Were you at Port Moresby for days?” 1:05 We, my company and the 2nd battalion, who marched over the Owen Stanley with us, we were only there for a few days as I recall and the rest of the unit stayed there, but we were put aboard trucks and all of sudden we started heading in a southerly direction somewhere, they didn’t tell us where we were going, but we found out when we got there. The trucks got to the end of the roadway, which was the start of the Kapa Kapa Trail, there was a village there, I forgot the name of the village, but that’s where the Kapa Kapa Trail started and it was a little known trail, not heavily used. The main trail in New Guinea was the Kokoda Trail, that’s where all the fighting had taken place between the 25 �Australians and the Japanese when the Japanese were trying to fight their way from Buna, from the other side of New Guinea, the went over the Kokoda Trail, so this Kapa Kapa Trail, I guess we took because it was kind of a secretive trail and they didn’t think we would encounter any Japanese there. I was happy for that. 1:06 Interviewer: “So you didn’t encounter any Japanese on it?” No we didn’t. We did at one time after several days out we met and Aussie patrol, a little Aussie patrol came back they were carrying a stretcher with a wounded Australian on it, so they had apparently come off a side trail to get on the Kapa Kapa Trail so they could get back to Port Moresby and I know the one guy when they ran into us, of course we were the forward echelon and I’ll never forget he said, “Give em hell yanks”. So they were apparently happy to see us. 1:07 Interviewer: “When you got on the Kapa Kapa Trail how did you receive orders and did you understand the reasoning of where you were put and why?” Well, I we couldn’t figure out why we were walking up the trail. We assumed—we knew the main trail was to the north of us and we kind of assumed that we were supposed to go inland quite a ways and get behind the Japanese and cut them off from their supplies. Well, apparently that didn’t happen because about as fast as we walked the Aussies were pushing the Japanese back so; we met at Buna on the other side of Papua. I can’t believe that they thought they would walk us all the way from Port Moresby to Buna, which was 125 miles as the crow flies. It would be kind of stupid I thought, but it happened… and it took a long time. 1:08 Interviewer: “How long did it take from the moment you started on the trail until you got down to Buna?” 26 �It’s documented that the main force got to Buna 42 days after we started, but I got there just a few days later because I was first in the forward echelon and when we got over the Owen Stanley Mountains to the other side of the ridge, I had been a supply Sergeant, so my company commander left me in charge of the dropping area, that’s where we got our food, so I and a few other guys from my outfit had to stay there until the entire 2nd battalion came through and picked up their supplies. That’s how we got our supplies, just by airdrop and we had a 2-man radio crew from the signal corps and that’s how we kept in touch with headquarters. These 2 guys would give us the information they got from headquarters and relay our information back to them, so they’re the ones that gave us the orders through the Signal Corps that we were to pack up everything and get some natives to carry the supplies and head down the trail for Buna. 1:10 Interviewer: “What one image of the trail you were on stayed in your mind?” Well, I guess when we crossed over the top, that’s the rain forest and it was raining all the time. I think it was two days that we were on top of that in the rain forest and it was mud and roots and that’s where our equipment, clothing and shoes took a royal beating. Some of the guys coming down the other side, the heels would come off their shoes and we had no shoe replacements so they had to wear them as they were and if you liked a change of sox, you better have them in your back pack. That’s the only way you could get them. As I recall I wore the same clothes all the way over 50 days or however long I was on the trail. That’s a long time to wear some underwear, but we washed it out in the rivers or streams whenever we could get to it you know, but we lived like animals. 1:11 Interviewer: “What noise at night, when you were on the trail, made you the most nervous?” 27 �Noise? Lack of noise. Just a few night sounds, but it was eerily quiet and clear after the rain stopped and the sun went down, the sky was just bright with stars and I believe the moon, the moon was up, I remember that. Interviewer? “When you came down off the trail and into Buna, what did it look like to you?” Well, there wasn’t much to see—jungle, and on either side of the trail was what they call kunai grass and it grows 6 feet tall, so you didn’t see much. We came by other companies through their headquarters etc., but the other companies were all stationed along the front line at that point, in fact, my company was already on the listening post on the front line and that’s where I joined them after we brought our native train and supplies back down. 1:12 Interviewer: “In your last interview you talked about your first encounter with Japanese soldiers.” That was what we call the listening post, we were quite near the Huggins roadblock and that unit had fought its way through the Japanese line and established a roadblock. Well, that left the trail back to headquarters open, so we were stationed along that trail to keep the Japanese from cutting off that road block and we were stationed 2 guys at a post along that trail and one evening there was a big log right by our foxhole and that extended out into the jungle and I had just sat on that, unaware that there might be some Japs around and I had just finished eating a can of corned mutton and licking my chops, when I heard something off to my right, rustling in the jungle and as I looked over there I saw this Jap, a lone Jap, crawl over the end of that log that I was sitting on. I didn’t dare move because I didn’t know if he saw me or not. Well, he did see me and he jumped 28 �behind a bush right next to that log, so I pulled up my gun and fired into that bush and he let out a yelp and he came back across the log dragging his leg, I must of gotten him in the hind end or the hip or somewhere and I put another bead on him and I thought, “I got you” and I had him in my sights and I pulled the trigger and “click” the gun had jammed so, I had no round available and the guy with me, I said, “Shoot him, shoot him” and he couldn’t see him and said, “Where, where”, and I’m telling you that drove me crazy. That was my first encounter and I guess that was one of the longest nights I spent on the front line. I couldn’t get that Jap out of my mind and I was afraid that if he heard that click, we would have gone into hand-to-hand combat. Well, I wouldn’t have been afraid of that, I think I was bigger than he was according to the little Japs I saw. That night I laid there and watched, overly cautious, the moon was shinning through the jungle trees and leaves and those leaves made shadows and forms on the ground and I imagined the whole Japanese army came through my post that night. I knew it was in my mind, but I couldn’t stop it. All night long I watched the whole Japanese army cross my post. I was one scared “Dutchman”. 1:15 Interviewer: “Explain what illnesses you had after coming back to Australia from Buna and what kind of treatment they had for them?” Well, we all had to take quinine and then atabrine on the front line because most of us were bitten by the anopheles mosquito and had malaria and this would hold the fever down so—you were sick, but you didn’t know it. We had malaria, jungle rot, sores on our legs where we hadn’t washed properly and I had jungle rot on both my legs, up this side and down the other on my left leg, I had malaria and I had black water fever, which was an extended form of malaria as I understand it. I was told afterward that it is 95% 29 �fatal, in fact I was approached by a gold mining company to stay in Australia and work for them because once I had black water fever I was immune to it and I could work in the gold mines in New Guinea, which I turned down of course. I had 2 types of worms in my abdomen, hook worms and whip worm so, when I rejoined my unit—my unit left me, did I tell you that the last time? When we were relieved in the first part of January, the first, second or third of January, we were relieved by I’m not sure who it was, another division and the First Sergeant gathered us together and he said, “We’re going back to Australia”, but he said, “I gotta have 2 volunteers to stay on the front line with the replacements to acquaint them with what is going on, on the front line, what we know about it”. Well, This dummy, I said, “I’ll stay if Harry Glatz stays, Harry and I were 2 buddies that hiked it together all the time, Harry said, “I’ll stay with ya” so, we were back on the front line again and so I was—we were there probably somewhere between 10 days and 2 weeks as I recall because one day I passed out with the black water fever and they carried me off the front line, but I don’t know the exact date. Then I was flown back to Port Moresby to the field hospital there and my unit was back in Brisbane already. I stayed in the hospital there for probably a week and then flown back to the mainland and brought back to my company again. 1:19 Interviewer: “Can you go over what type of equipment you had when you were in New Guinea?” We were issued the M1 rifle, which was relatively new at that time. I guess it came to be just about the time the war started because we had old Springfield rifles before that they used in World War I, but the M1 fired a lot faster round. The Springfield rifle, you had to cock every time you would shoot, but this was automatic, it had an automatic clip. Those 30 �officers that didn’t have rifles carried a 45 automatic side arm. We carried hand grenades and bayonets for our gun. When we left Port Moresby, we were all issued gas masks of course and by the time we got to Port Moresby the gas masks were all on the other side of the mountain. They were the first thing we dumped, we didn’t think we needed gas masks there and fortunately we didn’t, but that was excess equipment and we had a back pack of course and the back pack was made up of what we call a shelter half, it’s half a pup tent and when you made camp at night you had to team up with a buddy and put the shelter halves together to made a little pup tent. We weren’t issued knives, just the bayonets for hand-to-hand combat. That was about the extent of our equipment. We had mortars, but those we didn’t carry over the mountain, they were too heavy and we had machine guns, which were too heavy and we didn’t carry those either that I recall. 1:21 Interviewer: “In Buna, explain how the fighting worked, was there some kind of system on the front lines?” Well, not really, being jungle we didn’t know what was to the left or the right of us, but we were told that “C” Company might be on our left and “A” Company on our right and we changed positions from time to time because occasionally we would have frontal attacks and take off screaming like banshees and push the Japanese back and establish new positions and afterward, in the documents I got, it was kind of a semi-circle around Buna, they call it a perimeter and had little holes in the line here and there that our units were able to break through and eventually got to the ocean on either side so, then the Japanese literally had their backs to the ocean and when they finally pushed them out of Buna there was no place to go if they wanted to run away. They jumped in the sea, in the ocean, some of them drowned in the ocean. I was carried out before—I think it was 3 31 �days before the final push on Buna, so I was already carried out at that time, but I have read a lot of war materials on that and how that all transpired. It showed diagrams in that book, where all the companies were, I saw where we were and where we moved to and that at times we were fighting side by side with the Australians, heck of fighters I’ll tell you, boy those guys were real nasty and I’m glad they were on our side. They were tough, they were tough. 1:23 Interviewer: “Some of the other men we have interviewed talked about the Japanese P.O.W.’s. What can you tell us about that?” I never saw one. It was “Take no prisoners”. I didn’t have the opportunity to take any prisoners, but there were prisoners taken. I didn’t let them get that close. I would shoot first. 1:24 Interviewer: “When you came back to Australia and you recovered as much as possible there, were you sent back to your base?” Yes, I came back to my unit and I assumed my job as supply Sergeant and I’d be there for a few days and I would get the fever again and I would go back to the field hospital and they would fill me full of atabrine and knock the fever down and send me back to the company. I think that happened about 3 times and finally they gave up and decided “this guy can’t go back into combat again” so, I was declared unfit for combat duty and sent to the 118th general hospital, which was in Sydney and I spent 9 months there trying to get rid of the worms and the jungle rot and it took a long time to get that all out of my system. Finally I declared fit enough for duty again so I was sent to the rehabilitation center and then I assigned to the 799th Military Police and we were in charge of a stockade, that’s a prison for Americans not P.O.W.’s, for the “bad boys”, guys that went 32 �AWOL and deserted. We would keep them incarcerated and eventually send them back to the unit, except in the cases of the guys that were really bad and deserters, we would send them to Brisbane to a prison they call “The Round Mountain”, that was for the bad guys they intended to keep incarcerated until they sent them back to the states. 1:26 Interviewer: “Were there quite a few AWOL that came through over and over and did they tell you why they went AWOL?” The guys in the stockade? Well, they just got sick of the front line and took off from their unit, with AWOL’s their unit is usually close by and they run to town without a pass and stay there for a few nights and maybe find a girl that they live with for a couple of days and come back to the company again. Deserters had no intention of going back and we did get a few of those and they figured they would just get away from the war. We had a couple of them that we killed in the stockade, they tried to escape and we had several who tried to escape and we would always get them back, but 2 of them I remember were climbing the fence and they had tried it before and the 2 of them were shot in the back and killed climbing the fence. It was serious. 1:27 Interviewer: “Explain how you left Australia and came back to the U.S. Explain how that system came around. You talked some about rotation points” Right, you had to establish rotation points, how long you were gone from the states, how long you were overseas, you got double time for being in a combat area and I forgot, but you have to be up in 100 and some points when your name would come up for rotation. I know that guys were leaving that had less points than I did and I tried everything to get out of there and my commanding officer wouldn’t let me go. I was in charge of supply there and he kept telling me, “I got to have you as my Supply Sergeant”, and I said, “you 33 �could give this job to a trustee, he could do that job”, “No” he said. The stockades were subject to inspection and he said, “ I always get good inspections and you’re part of that” so, he held me a couple of months later. I even tried to—I even applied to go back to my unit that was island hopping at that time and he wouldn’t let me go. 1:28 He said, “You’re unfit for combat duty, you’re not going” but, that was a long wait and finally, I guess, probably in May, I was told OK, I could go. I had more than enough points to go back home and so they shipped me, I think by train, back to Brisbane and that’s where I picked up the boat to go back and strangely enough in 1942 when we came over, we came on the U.S.S. Lurline, which was a converted pleasure boat and I got the same boat back to San Francisco again and one of the nicest sights I’ve seen, that I can remember in my life, was seeing the Golden Gate Bridge, when we crossed under that bridge. In fact, when we left San Francisco I had heard that if you throw a penny under the Golden Gate Bridge it would be good luck. Well, I guess it was good luck because I didn’t find the penny back, but I knew it was down there and I did get back all in one piece. 1:30 Interviewer: “You said before that on the train back to Holland, they dropped soldiers off along the way and that you couldn’t come back together as I company.” No, we came back as individuals. You know that’s the thing that I was always disappointed in, that Company “D” couldn’t come back to Holland as what’s left of the unit and march down the street and come back to the armory. We came back single file and you would go into town or stop at the local pub and you would say, “Oh it’s so and so and he’s back” and that’s the way you congregated again, some of them, when they came back, were sent for R and R to Florida and spent some time on the beaches there, 34 �but I didn’t get to do that, I came back too late and I was discharged as soon as I got back to Chicago at the Great Lakes Training Center. 1:31 Interviewer: “You had a daughter born while you were on the trail. What was it like seeing her for the first time?” Well, my wife and I were married down in Louisiana, in the summer of 1941, before war was declared. She came down to Alexandria and we got married down there and when I left she was pregnant. We left in February or whenever it was, we went to Fort Devins first incidentally, so I didn’t—it was strange how I found out that I was a father. When we were walking over the Owen Stanley Mountains, on some dropping areas we would spend an extra day to rest up and at one of these spots the planes came over and dropped some supplies and they also dropped a bag of mail and in that mail there was a V-mail for me from my mother-in-law saying that I was the father of a baby girl, born on September 12 and as I recall, that was on my birthday, November 9, that I got that V-mail and my daughter still has that V-mail at home. That was really Airmail it really came by air. Then of course, going home, when I left the Great Lakes separation center in Chicago— my sister lived in Chicago, she was married to a doctor there, she drove me home, back to Holland and of course when I was in Chicago, I couldn’t wail to get into “civvies” so, I bought a shirt and a pair of slacks and I wore that home and when I got out of the car my wife and daughter were there and my daughter saw us getting out of the car and she got behind a big tree in the yard and she peeked around the tree and she said, “You’re not my soldier daddy” and that was a bad mistake, I should have worn my uniform home, but I was so anxious to get into civvies. 1:34 35 �Interviewer: “What did you do after you got home and got reacquainted with family? Did you find a job right away?” We did get some subsistence pay after we were discharges, not a heck of a lot, but I did find a job with a moving company, moving furniture, a local moving company, but I intended to go to school on the G.I. Bill and I always excelled in high school in math, math and gym were my 2 favorite subjects and so I always wanted to use math. I was going to go to Grand Rapids Junior College and take up accounting and just before I applied my dad told me, I had worked as a carpenter prior to the war on my dads construction crew, so my dad said, “Jim wants to talk to you Gordie”, he was my old boss and he started the lumber company up again, so I went over and talked to him and he said, “I’ve got a job for you” he said, “I want you to come here and draw plans” and I didn’t know how to draw plans, I know how to build a house, but he said, “you will learn, I’ve got a job for you and I want you to start working for me, you can go to the Chicago Technical College and take a 2 year course and take up drafting and the side course would be building and construction of course and you can learn as fast as you want in college”,so I started in September and my wife went along with me and she worked at the Baby Bliss manufacturing company putting baby carriages together while I went to school. I went to school during the day and studied all night and that was in September, in February I finished my 2 year course and graduated and went home and got home and my boss said, “Here’s your office”, so I started and that was a nice shortcut to a good job and it turned out very well. I stayed in the lumber and building business all my life. 1:36 36 �Interviewer: “When you got back to Holland and met up with some of the other people from your company who had been over there? What was that like to be back to normal and see them?” Well, we all had to touch base and tell our war stories, where we had been and what we had done because very few of us had been together, I had one person with me in Australia, one of my friends that worked with me, but we would gather often at the local watering hole, which happened to be the Pioneer Club and drink a beer or 2 and tell our war stories and pretty soon here another one would come along and say so and so got back, Joe got back and another big celebration again. That was before the end of the Japanese war, so some of our guys were still over there fighting, none of our original because most of them were casualties, either killed or wounded or taken off the line from illnesses, but they eventually all the survivors staggered back into Holland and until we all eventually landed a job where we could go our own way and settle down and some— most of them got married then and settled down and started to get into the real world. 1:38 Interviewer: “You don’t have to answer this one if you don’t want to, but can you name some of the people that were killed?” Sure, George Boersma, he was killed by a sniper, Bob Dannenberg, he was killed by a sniper, I was the platoon officer on the front line because we didn’t need Supply Sergeants on the front lines so I was a platoon officer and Sergeant Dannenberg was a platoon officer and Steve Fuller was a Platoon Sergeant, both of those guys were killed out of three platoons, I’m the only guy that survived out of the 3. I carried both off the front line, hauled their bodies back. Paul Hannigan, Henry Wiermeyer, I’m trying to 37 �think of the clippings that my wife kept in the book of mine, every time one of the local soldiers would get killed his picture would be in the paper and she would clip it out and put it in the photo album that she had. Sullivan, Jimmy Sullivan, those are the only ones that come to my mind right now. Robert John was another one. 1:40 Interviewer: “These were all people that you knew?” Yeah, we were all buddies. Interviewer: “How often does the Red Arrow meet?” Once a year we have a—Red Arrow Division, in September they have the annual reunion. We have one coming up next and it will be in Wisconsin. It alternates between Wisconsin and Michigan because that’s where the guards were from in the Red Arrow Division, Wisconsin and Michigan, so it’s usually after Labor Day they have a big reunion and it’s getting smaller right along because the guys are dropping off at the rate of 1,000 a day and 30,000 a month. I don’t know how they can be dying that fast because there are not that many left, in fact, out of original guys that left Holland in October 1940, in the National Guard and ultimately went to New Guinea, there are only 2 of us left, Bill Sikkel and I, we’re the last guys standing. 1:41 Interviewer: “Is there anything you would like to add before we end?” Well, I talk about Bill and I, the last time we had a get together with Company “D”, that summer I had gone to a couple of my buddies’ military funeral and I told the guys there, I said, “You know, I hope that none of you ever come to my funeral because that will mean that I’ll be the last one” and it’s coming to pass I guess. 1:42 38 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ZuverinkG1267V Title A name given to the resource Zuverink, Gordon (Interview transcript and video), 2011 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zuverink, Gordon Description An account of the resource Gordon Zuverink joined his local National Guard unit in Holland, Michigan, after graduating from high school in 1939. His unit was federalized in 1940 and sent to train in Louisiana. In 1942, his division was sent to Australia and then to New Guinea. Zuverink became one of the "Ghost Mountain Boys" who trekked across the Owen Stanley Mountains as part of the campaign against Buna. During the campaign, he contracted malaria and was sent back to Australia, where he served for the remainder of the war. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Vantil, Anita (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011-09-27 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/50151c43149b5f605de35bccee22e72e.jpg be509726477e75ec090cb87e6efdd832 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ZumbergeJames_Photo09 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Zumberge, James Description An account of the resource James Zumberge, President of Grand Valley State College, 1962-1976 James Zumberge, President of Grand Valley State College, 1962-1968 Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College administrators College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/406cdb1ed57735087edcc17664414c24.jpg fdb4f53ae9acafc33b3061cf47ea1aca Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ZumbergeJames_Photo08 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Zumberge, James Description An account of the resource James Zumberge, President of Grand Valley State College, 1962-1975 James Zumberge, President of Grand Valley State College, 1962-1968 Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College administrators College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b5530cca3ab8dc7ca1996daa7176d8c0.jpg dc021dc0da9057d055fc0c9e1d6aae05 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ZumbergeJames_Photo07 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Zumberge, James Description An account of the resource James Zumberge, President of Grand Valley State College, 1962-1974 James Zumberge, President of Grand Valley State College, 1962-1968 Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College administrators College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d7126fc8bcf22838578fef4e5397c31a.jpg d6ecf34641143a3451c92cd429f563ee Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ZumbergeJames_Photo06 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Zumberge, James Description An account of the resource James Zumberge, President of Grand Valley State College, 1962-1973 James Zumberge, President of Grand Valley State College, 1962-1968 Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College administrators College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/68d2d981f7fec1e7bddc1b689c64e0c8.jpg 557810828250bd2386a289c8407bc836 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ZumbergeJames_Photo05 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Zumberge, James Description An account of the resource James Zumberge, President of Grand Valley State College, 1962-1972 James Zumberge, President of Grand Valley State College, 1962-1968 Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College administrators College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8aebb821e42b4b82b341fedd72681e65.jpg 7ef2948dae2d18813635ebb57c9751cf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ZumbergeJames_Photo04 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1985 Title A name given to the resource Zumberge, James Description An account of the resource James Zumberge, President of Grand Valley State College, 1962-1971 James Zumberge, President of Grand Valley State College, 1962-1968 Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College administrators College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng 1985s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f112ac432206de452e134c84765a15ac.jpg 4bf78da106558c95e858b8c4bd1b01eb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ZumbergeJames_Photo03 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1976 Title A name given to the resource Zumberge, James Description An account of the resource James Zumberge, President of Grand Valley State College, 1962-1970 James Zumberge, President of Grand Valley State College, 1962-1968 Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College administrators College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng 1976s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/7ce1c86c6ed14fce2cff8cbfaefab805.jpg a954596a3d8ae6495a1ad28ff8e4d572 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ZumbergeJames_Photo02 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Title A name given to the resource Zumberge, James Description An account of the resource James Zumberge, President of Grand Valley State College, 1962-1969 James Zumberge, President of Grand Valley State College, 1962-1968 Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College administrators College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng 1968s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6520981b8474e43e9c6676e40fe22d68.jpg 9b7a694b6ac5a829560360a3fee3773f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ZumbergeJames_Photo01 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Zumberge, James Description An account of the resource James Zumberge, President of Grand Valley State College, 1962-1968 James Zumberge, President of Grand Valley State College, 1962-1968 Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College administrators College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/21e26a4849b471806e8557473855cf46.jpg ea1651d22c710fc5b97b03d41f5c0c91 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection Zumberge Pond Kirkhof Center 1980s Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1980s Title A name given to the resource Zumberge Pond. Two female students sitting outside Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_001663 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Description An account of the resource Two female students sitting and talking outside near Zumberge Pond across from Kirkhof Center. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Students Facilities Lakes and ponds Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In copyright - Non-commercial use permitted.</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0a488941fd61f66abe9b9eafb4e6efdc.jpg cf98d07f23d5151acd47a195b4f8f5db Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection Zumberge Pond Zumberge Library 1980s Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1980s Title A name given to the resource Zumberge Pond. Students walking outside Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_001650 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Description An account of the resource Students walking near Zumberge Pond with Zumberge Library in the background. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Facilities Students Libraries Lakes and ponds Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In copyright - Non-commercial use permitted.</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b3b9b836e020d0a0b88977a9e11acddd.jpg 2f3669f55f4ad04cbaddf58562c8b0a4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection Zumberge Pond Zumberge Library 1980s Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1980s Title A name given to the resource Zumberge Pond. Students relaxing outside Zumberge Library Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_001656 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Description An account of the resource Students relaxing and enjoying the sunshine near Zumberge Pond with Zumberge Library in the background. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Students Facilities Libraries Lakes and ponds Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In copyright - Non-commercial use permitted.</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a71c262f21c2d49b26a9bbf12733ed29.jpg 27f5071d408b8db9aa6fa06fe5b35fe7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection Zumberge Pond 1980s Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1980s Title A name given to the resource Zumberge Pond. Students relaxing outside Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_001675 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Description An account of the resource Students relaxing on the banks of Zumberge Pond. In the foreground, a male student reads a book. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Students Lakes and ponds Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In copyright - Non-commercial use permitted.</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4d8970685ffa7a0d31b50d47d7ac5460.jpg 2dea51fa6a7f440763f53327a3f0dc3c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection Zumberge Pond Zumberge Library 1980s Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1980s Title A name given to the resource Zumberge Pond. Students gathered on the grass Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_001677 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Description An account of the resource A group of students gathered on the grass near Zumburge pond with Zumberge Library in the background. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Students Lakes and ponds Facilities Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In copyright - Non-commercial use permitted.</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/700f0ec60cc12f70fe09c48ac8f23d7d.jpg ae08a2349d0cb9ef765a63080ad24625 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection Zumberge Pond 1970s Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1970s Title A name given to the resource Zumberge Pond. Students canoeing near crowd Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_001648 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Description An account of the resource A group of students and administrators gather to watch as two people hand paddle a canoe in Zumberge Pond. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Students Lakes and ponds Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In copyright - Non-commercial use permitted.</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6b24795a2fc11d2da844bdb88fe405af.jpg afdbe26228ad9ce20b6e5ced084ea14a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection Zumberge Pond Lake Superior Hall 1970s Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1970s Title A name given to the resource Zumberge Pond. Student crowd near Zumberge Pond Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_001653 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Description An account of the resource Student crowd gathered near and walking from Zumberge Pond with Lake Superior Hall in the background. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Students Facilities Lakes and ponds Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In copyright - Non-commercial use permitted.</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d8a04cbb193c59a5a0ffe2678a796e4b.jpg 1a851ed935497faa2f806f5a0c28d465 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection Zumberge Pond 1980s Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989 Title A name given to the resource Zumberge Pond. Man reading near Zumberge Pond Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_001657 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Description An account of the resource Man reading near Zumberge Pond while enjoying the great outdoors. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Lakes and ponds Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In copyright - Non-commercial use permitted.</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/cb7c8d26306ba3f1a8b72afa9618b333.jpg 098abcb2569144d1b1178158186e14e7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley Ravines Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Krohmer, Stanley Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Institutional Marketing Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Ottawa County (Mich.) Grand River (Mich.) Ravines -- Michigan Land use Nature trails Outdoor recreation Architectural rendering Facilities Maps Photographs Publications Description An account of the resource Collection of digitized photographs, graphic materials, and documents related to the physical environment and history of the ravines on GVSU’s Allendale Campus. The items curated for this collection were digitized from the Grand Valley Ravines Natural Area collection and the Stanley Krohmer Photographs collection, in addition to other materials from University Archives that illustrate the significance of this natural feature to the GVSU campus community. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UComm_Buildings_Zumberge-Library_01 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1976 Title A name given to the resource Zumberge Library. Window view overlooking the bridge and ravines Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a student sitting in Zumberge Library and looking out the window toward Little Mac Bridge and the wooded ravines, circa 1972. In the background, the Robinson and Copeland dormitories can be seen on the other side of the ravine. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Facilities Ravines -- Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University photographs, GV012-01 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/fea46c199b0efe33b0371b133e975443.jpg 559113a988d4c15a8560cd9d9337dba5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection Zumberge Library Kirkhof Center 1980s Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988 Title A name given to the resource Zumberge Library. Two female students sitting outside Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_001662 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Description An account of the resource Two female students sitting on a bench with textbooks outside Zumberge Library and Kirkhof Center in the background. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Students Facilities Libraries Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In copyright - Non-commercial use permitted.</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo