988 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d125468df388f5ecf64d923786e42cdf.pdf 49ef3ace42929f0392c33b058f747c51 PDF Text Text INDIANS FROM ALL OVER THE UNITED STATES & CANADA &111 'Ut.S X\fl'JCt'C, si.·,,.,.,,,, 1 AUGUST 13-14 'l)a. I~ sea.llic.e. MUST PARTICIPATE IN ALL EVENTS FOR FINAL JUDGING ADULTS:$2.00 • CHILDREN:$1.00 • UNDER 5 FREE S!'t,IISO~F1' '1IND0N /3Y P,1A1-Jv1II c,,,,M,re E I RAFFLE FOR- INDIAN BLANKET I No ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES STAN MORSEAU GREGORY, Ml 48137 312-498-3276 BETTY PAMP LANSING, MI 48906 517-372-6177 RON MIX P,O, BOX 394 WATERVLIET, Ml 49098 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_traditional-mendon-pow-wow_ Title A name given to the resource Traditional Pow Wow, August ???? Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ????-08 Description An account of the resource Traditional Pow Wow flyer, Mendon MI, August 13-14, ????, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mendon Pow Wow Committee Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/29688031d04b9bfc388495902b5d5b07.pdf ad7aaf31ca1e6a0ed37757b8cfea45c7 PDF Text Text TRAOlTlONAL ...L.~~~ r AUGUST ttu t2 AT FUNCTION .JUNCTION CAMPC:IR_OUND,'., CORNER OF M-~ i M-fo<o ,:f MENOON,MIC.-Hl(:iAN AouL'l'S: ¼Z.22 IND1AN$ FR.OM AL.L- CNER. ,,HE. UNITE:D STATE'.S AND CANADA. • $6CUR6 KSAL INDIAN~ • ~OIAN DANGING l(f m asre OHILD~: e CAMPIN& PAOILfflSSe e INDIAN D R ~ e -~s BY DNnJal<:>.N <:»U.Y • Ne ~ . IRAPFlB fel\.INDIAN g ~ , FADmNeis. G\PILL 8':>X,~ Me.RS ... j Sf'ONSORE.D _e,'{ ME.NOON POW WOW COMMl1'f6£ 0 *I-~ DNDSR s ~ TRADERS PLEASE CONT ACT: JUDY PAMP LANSING, Ml 48906 CS I 7) 372-6 I 77 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_traditional-pow-wow_ Title A name given to the resource Traditional Pow Wow, August ???? Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ????-08 Description An account of the resource Traditional Pow Wow flyer, Lansing MI, August 11-12, ????, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mendon Pow Wow Committee Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4aa2f0cf88ce50e34f0cb0f58d62338b.mp3 1041f19210dbf8d81c5a1e083efa4b51 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Event Thanksgiving Day Scripture Text Deuteronomy 6:5, 20, 7:8 Location The location of the interview Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01_RA-0-19941124 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1994-11-24 Title A name given to the resource Traditioning: Memory, Humility, Gratitude and Generosity Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Sermons Relation A related resource Richard A. Rhem - An Archive of Sermons, Prayers, Talks and Stories: http://richardrhem.org/ Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Description An account of the resource A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on November 24, 1994 entitled "Traditioning: Memory, Humility, Gratitude and Generosity", on the occasion of Thanksgiving Day, at Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI. Scripture references: Deuteronomy 6:5, 20, 7:8. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e9d7ba727329f7eddff328161cc93013.jpg d395a4774289849cc87adb8651f546a8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Decorated Publishers' Bindings Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Description An account of the resource From the early 1870s to roughly 1930, many publishers issued their commercial book covers with a remarkable variety of graphic designs and illustrations. This sixty-year period saw many artists and designers contributing to this art form. While some can be identified from their style or initials, others remain unknown. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Michigan Novels Collection Regional Historical Collection Lincoln and the Civil War Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-30 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a>, <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source Seidman Rare Books. U313.C5568 T73 1905 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01_Bindings0083 Title A name given to the resource Trafalgar Re-Fought Description An account of the resource Binding of Trafalgar Re-Fought, by Sir W. Laird Clowes and Alan H. Burgoyne, published by Thomas Nelson and Sons, 1905. Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1905 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d1ac2dd756e4ee0753a374764797952e.jpg 182b566727c2c9ed1b397afc0eb341d2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context TragerNatalie_Photo01 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Trager, Natalie Description An account of the resource Natalie Trager, Director of Masters of Social Work Program Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a233206849dd5e15569bdc20d3df5778.jpg 4ebe1e8839f7cd68fc5c61a2b564acd6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context TragerNatalie_Photo02 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Trager, Natalie Description An account of the resource Natalie Trager, Director of Masters of Social Work Program Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/53a223f6f72f8391751793d970c2a53d.jpg 5ee0f72abe8262dd65199178d302f337 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_ProcessFilm_P_243 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940-04-12 Title A name given to the resource Train meets boat, Ceiba Honduras Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a train on a railway lined with palm trees. The roofs of station buildings are visible behind the train cars, and the train is next to a river. Subject The topic of the resource La Ceiba (Atlántida, Honduras) Trains Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/aa98034be922a5de16685df62ac86f78.jpg c15ed2aee21ee0f17d568b6a6301e775 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_I099-0011 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-07-27 Title A name given to the resource Train Station in Szczecin, Poland Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a train station in the Zdroje neighborhood of Szczecin, Poland. In the photograph, a sign for the train stop is posted in the foreground that reads, "Szczecin - Zdroje," and the train station is situated behind the railway tracks in the background with a sign that reads,"Poczekalnia," for the waiting room. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Szczecin (Poland) Zdroje (Szczecin, Poland) Railroad stations--Poland Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/478d7fbb9aa4a437326180247749d846.jpg 1eee1d8a642f61763075b77d66298038 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_I100-0007 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-07-27 Title A name given to the resource Train Station in Szczecin, Poland Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a train station in the Zdroje neighborhood of Szczecin, Poland. In the photograph, a sign for the train stop is posted in the foreground that reads, "Przejscie Wzbronione," meaning "Passage Prohibited" and the train station is situated in the background behind the railway tracks with signs posted that read "Szczecin Zdroje" for the train stop and "Poczekalnia" for the waiting room. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Szczecin (Poland) Zdroje (Szczecin, Poland) Railroad stations--Poland Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f4f5e30719da2d83ca7376ef2667a9c4.jpg 6feec1777db3f6d8b0af082a524fb193 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M276-0010 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-08-10 Title A name given to the resource Train Station, Great Bookham, England Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of Bookham train station, located in the village of Great Bookham in Surrey, England. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Railroad stations--England--Surrey Great Bookham (England) Surrey (England) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/980596f7c6e6f8a9f3d11881b9e7a84d.pdf b6cd2b2c2c57a57b1769256cf1b92ffd PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Sexuality and Gender Flyers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center Women and Gender Studies Department Women's Commission Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity Description An account of the resource Digitized posters, flyers, event notices, and other materials relating to gender expression and sexuality at Grand Valley State University, with materials spanning from 1974 to 2019. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974/2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized from collections at the Rainbow Resource Center (formerly the Milton E. Ford LGBT Resource Center), Women and Gender Studies Department, Women's Commission, and Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Gender identity Gender expression Sexual orientation Women's studies Queer theory Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09_SGF_LGBTQ_2015_Trans-&-Gender-Non-Conforming-Student-Reception.pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-09-14 Title A name given to the resource Trans & Gender Non-Conforming Student Reception Description An account of the resource Flyer of the reception with the location, time and date. Subject The topic of the resource Sexual minorities Community centers Gay pride celebrations Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Rainbow Resource Center Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/de9931b8f055d0cb6a6f9cc723775e72.pdf 125614be67169584c7bb57e5f36c6656 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Sexuality and Gender Flyers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center Women and Gender Studies Department Women's Commission Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity Description An account of the resource Digitized posters, flyers, event notices, and other materials relating to gender expression and sexuality at Grand Valley State University, with materials spanning from 1974 to 2019. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974/2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized from collections at the Rainbow Resource Center (formerly the Milton E. Ford LGBT Resource Center), Women and Gender Studies Department, Women's Commission, and Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Gender identity Gender expression Sexual orientation Women's studies Queer theory Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09_SGF_LGBTQ_2016_Trans-&-Gender-Non-Conforming-Student-Reception.pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-09-14 Title A name given to the resource Trans & Gender Non-Conforming Student Reception Description An account of the resource Flyer of the reception with the location, time and date. Subject The topic of the resource Sexual minorities Community centers Gay pride celebrations Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Rainbow Resource Center Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/88eed946112b9ca0df6c5bbc6f22a63c.pdf 9803b720b4a8e8454c907859b0b9d479 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Sexuality and Gender Flyers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center Women and Gender Studies Department Women's Commission Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity Description An account of the resource Digitized posters, flyers, event notices, and other materials relating to gender expression and sexuality at Grand Valley State University, with materials spanning from 1974 to 2019. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974/2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized from collections at the Rainbow Resource Center (formerly the Milton E. Ford LGBT Resource Center), Women and Gender Studies Department, Women's Commission, and Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Gender identity Gender expression Sexual orientation Women's studies Queer theory Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09_SGF_LGBTQ_2013_Trans-&-Gender-Non-Conforming-Student-Reception.pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013-08-29 Title A name given to the resource Trans* & Gender Non-Conforming Student Reception Description An account of the resource Poster of the reception with the location, time and date. Subject The topic of the resource Sexual minorities Community centers Gay pride celebrations Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Rainbow Resource Center Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4fa64349912b4774d46971f88a2ed92f.pdf 6eeec1483d4512d530529ad73907ad2f PDF Text Text 0 d February 21, 2008 - Gender Identity TRANSCENDING APPEARANCES 9:00- 10:30pm 168 Lake Ontario A discussion of similarities and differences between drag performance and transsexual identity within the larger transgender community. Drag performer JJ Lindke/Sonia and Vanessa will compare their experiences. APP ROVED POS7:" '\lG c:cR "CAMP US ~ _; =' -:-- ""',~ - . '. ~ FEB 2 Z 2008 @ GRANDVALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY LGBT RESOURCE CENTER fDBl l100J For individuals requiring special accommodations please contact the LGBT center at lgbtcenter@gvsu.edu � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Sexuality and Gender Flyers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center Women and Gender Studies Department Women's Commission Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity Description An account of the resource Digitized posters, flyers, event notices, and other materials relating to gender expression and sexuality at Grand Valley State University, with materials spanning from 1974 to 2019. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974/2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized from collections at the Rainbow Resource Center (formerly the Milton E. Ford LGBT Resource Center), Women and Gender Studies Department, Women's Commission, and Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Gender identity Gender expression Sexual orientation Women's studies Queer theory Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09_SGF_LGBTQ_2008_Transcending-Appearances-Event-Flyer Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-02-21 Title A name given to the resource Transcending Appearances Description An account of the resource Poster with a synopsis on the topic, and information of the event, including the place, time and date. The 2008 Gender Identity event of the LGBT OnGoing Conference series. Subject The topic of the resource Sexual minorities Community centers Gender identity Transsexualism Drag shows Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Rainbow Resource Center Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1e709d280e6d645b75157c6d2c3e66ec.mp3 40d6d4be3ec1418b2b3673f4dd5802a5 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/502914488d3205f1e78a39d161592c59.pdf e174fe33c2a54cb0806c7d85ec26d841 PDF Text Text Transfigured: Face-to-Face in Freedom From the sermon series: Until We Take the Shape of Christ Text: II Corinthians 3:17-18 Richard A. Rhem Christ Community Church Spring Lake, Michigan Trinity Sunday, June 14, 1987 Transcription of the spoken sermon Have you ever had an absolutely marvelous vacation in an idyllic spot, and come back and tried to tell people about it and found them to smile and say, "Oh, that's nice." Have you ever been to a retreat or to a seminar where you were just energized and turned on and inspired and came home and tried to tell your colleagues about it and have them say, "Oh, that's interesting." Have you ever been in love hopelessly, wonderfully in love, and tried to put it into words, in rational discourse that could be conveyed to someone, communicated to someone? Of course you can't do that. And if you have had an experience like that, then you can identify with the Early Church, with the Apostles. If Paul sometimes seems scrambled in his New Testament writing, just remember he was trying to express the inexpressible, and if the Early Church Fathers formulated their doctrinal understanding in philosophical language that seems rather arid and awkward and doesn't move you, then understand the problem with which they were dealing. They were trying to say what cannot be said, to make comprehensible that which is incomprehensible, to lay out the mystery that transcends our human understanding. On Trinity Sunday, I am not going to attempt to give you definitions of God. I'm not going to attempt to give you some doctrinal dissertation on our understanding of God, because to do that is an exercise in futility. But what I do want to do is take you to the Second Letter of Paul to the Corinthians, where you have the intertwining of God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit without any attempt to formulate philosophically the relationship. We really are better off with God if we stick to biblical expression. In this chapter we have an interesting discussion of God Who is the Creator and the Redeemer understood by us as our Parent, our Father. We have that God Who has revealed Himself in the face of Jesus, Jesus, the Word made Flesh; and we have the ministry of the Spirit of Christ, or the Spirit of the Lord, or the Spirit of God, or the Holy Spirit. And Paul weaves all of these together without any kind of systematic formulation. © Grand Valley State University   �Transfigured: Face-to-Face in Freedom Richard A. Rhem Page 2   It was inevitable for the Church to try to give some kind of systematic form to this data, to try to articulate this experience, but that articulation always falls far short of the reality of experience which is given witness to in the Scriptures. Paul's apostleship being under attack, he says to them, "Look, I don't have to authenticate myself. You are my authentication. You are a letter from Christ, written not with ink on tablets of stone, but written rather by the Spirit of the Living God." In the opening paragraph of the third chapter we have reference to a letter of Christ written by the Spirit of the Living God, and so you have the action of God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit, but in a way that is very practical, in the way in which God has revealed Himself and made Himself known and impacts our human experience. Paul looked at the congregation of folks like you and he said to them, "You are really the authentication of my apostolic ministry because, to the extent that your lives have been transformed, it is a witness to a work of God wrought through Jesus Christ, by the Spirit. The transformation of your lives, your move from darkness to light, your move from brokenness and the darkness of superstition and fear and guilt to the joy and the liberty of the Children of God is the indication that my ministry has been authentic. I'm not sufficient for these things, and I haven't 'written' you, but Christ has written you. You are a letter from Christ written by the Spirit of the Living God." That reminds him of that whole ministry which is his in the wake of Jesus' death, resurrection, ascension and the gift of the Spirit, and he begins to contrast that with the old Covenant, the time of Israel through the ministry of Moses. He goes back to that old Exodus story where Moses, having been in the presence of God, returns to the people and his face is aglow, and the people are afraid. And interestingly, in Paul's use of that passage, Paul says that Moses put a veil over his face so that the people would not see the glory fade. It was like the glow would wash off eventually, and Moses, not wanting to have them see the departure of the glory, veiled his face. Paul uses that as an analogy, as an illustration of the contrast between the old Covenant and the new, and he says the old Covenant, the religion of Israel, which was preparatory, which was authentic and genuine, but which was not complete, was a ministry whose glory faded. It was a ministry of the letter; it was a kind of religion that was imposed from the outside. It involved Law. Law can point to life, but cannot empower life. Law can show the way, but cannot motivate one to walk the way. The old Covenant was a covenant of rules and rituals, of religious observance. Paul says the new Covenant is a covenant of the Spirit. It is a covenant of the Spirit Who creates freedom in the individual so that inwardly there is a motivation to become all that God has created one to become. In contrasting the old and the new – the ministry of Moses and the ministry of Christ, the ministry of the Letter and the ministry of the Spirit – Paul presents to us the tremendous promise of human transformation. Through the ministry of the Eternal God Who has come to us in Jesus and dwells with us by His Holy © Grand Valley State University �Transfigured: Face-to-Face in Freedom Richard A. Rhem Page 3   Spirit, we, His people, are being transformed, and that transformation has as its goal our conformity to Jesus. We saw that in the previous message. We have been predestined to be conformed to the image of Christ. That is God's goal for us. With all of the diversity, with all of the multiplicity of our human experience, there is yet a commonality, which is a reflection of Jesus Christ from the core of our being because we belong to him and have been transformed by him. So, the thing that God is about, this Triune God, the thing that He has been about from the beginning and will finally finish in the end, is the shaping of His children to be the brothers and sisters of Jesus, and that is being effected by the Spirit of God. In the marvelous 18th verse, he says, …because for us there is no veil over the face, we all reflect as in a mirror the splendor of the Lord; (that is, Christ) thus we are transfigured into his likeness from splendor to splendor. Such is the influence of the Lord Who is Spirit. We, gazing at Jesus, are changed into the likeness of Jesus. The calling of the Christian is the contemplation and the reflection of Jesus Christ, the imbibing and the reflecting of the reality of Jesus Christ. It is our calling as people to be transfigured, face-to-face in the wonderful freedom that the Spirit creates. Not with cramped, heavy, onerous religion, but with the life-giving Spirit. Have you ever painted by number? If you have painted by number and enjoy it, keep at it. It's great! It's a lot better than biting your fingernails. But, on occasion I have seen a painting that was painted by number. I can paint by number. I'd probably go out of the lines, because I'm not a person who easily lives within the lines, and I probably would grow impatient and blue here and here. But, I could paint by number. In fact, that's the only way I could paint, being color-blind and without artistic skill. I would number the paints and I would read the number and it would not take a great deal of creativity, a great deal of skill or artistry to paint by number. It's not a bad pastime. But you never mistake a painting by number with a painting of an artist. The last time that I was in New York, I went to the Metropolitan Museum of Art because there was a special display of French Impressionism, a private collection that was about to be shipped off to England and probably would never be seen publically again. Some Renoirs, some Monets, and others of that movement. Now, that was a revolutionary movement in art, in painting. When you look closely you see they put the paint on heavily, and they dabbed it on. It's a very rough surface. And there is not a line that is straight. There's not a human form that is carefully formed. There's not a tree that is like any tree I was ever taught to make in elementary art! Nothing looks like anything in terms of an exact facsimile. But, when you see the painting, it jumps off the canvas! There is a use of light which causes, for example, the sun dancing on the ripples of a lake, to seem as though they are shimmering and moving. The Impressionists really © Grand Valley State University �Transfigured: Face-to-Face in Freedom Richard A. Rhem Page 4   revolutionized painting. One of my favorite artists (not at all because he's Dutch) is Vincent Van Gogh, who wasn't accepted at all in his day and died in terrible poverty. One of his paintings was sold recently for millions of dollars! I hope God is making it right for him in heaven. His figures are grotesque! If you really study it closely and just focus on a figure, it's grotesque! But, stand away and you see that somehow or other the freedom of the artist created a reality far beyond what any photograph could reproduce! What we are called to, through the God Who revealed Himself in Jesus Christ, in the power of the Holy Spirit, is not to live our lives painting by number with the scrupulosity that makes religion a heavy burden, that binds the human spirit and makes it all an onerous duty. No, the God we celebrate on Trinity Sunday is the God Who would set us free! Set us free to live as artists in this grand universe of His in order that the full potential of our humanity could be exploded and we could become all that He has intended us to be. He, the Divine Artist, Who has created us in His image, is calling us to become like Jesus. So, Paul says not in a crimped and cramped, heavy religion, but face to face with Jesus we are being transformed by the working of His Spirit within us and we are beginning to take on the shape and the measure of Jesus Christ in the fullness of our human experience. There is no way in the world that I can make that happen for you, or you can make it happen for me. I said last week on Pentecost I'm always most acutely aware at this time of the year of both the promise and the impossibility of preaching. It is like trying to tell you about a vacation that you didn't experience and that just turned me on; like trying to tell you about a retreat experience that energized me and excited me that I can't possibly communicate; like trying to tell you in rational discourse what it means to be dizzily in love. But, maybe as we talk about it, as we sense that it is God's purpose for us to have us blossom forth into beautiful human beings, maybe at least we'll be clearing the ground and getting rid of that crotchety idea of religion – form and ritual and law and legality and condemnation – and see that God loves us with an everlasting love, and He's gone to the depths of the earth, to Hell itself, to set us free and let us be! It's like healing. You cut your hand, put salve on it and say that that will heal it. The salve won't heal it. Salve may cleanse it, may keep it soft, may get rid of the bacteria. Salve may remove the impediment to healing, but healing is the body's function; healing is a mystery. The ground can be cleared, but only the body can heal itself, because there is a healing, recuperative power within the body, which is there by the grace of God Who made us. So with our human spirit. So with the transformation of our lives. Here and there it happens. Now and again. It happens most often when we're looking for it, when we're thirsting for it, when we're in the place where God has promised to meet us. To be transformed into the likeness of Jesus comes about more readily if we're gazing into his face. That is, if the portrait of Jesus painted for us by the great © Grand Valley State University �Transfigured: Face-to-Face in Freedom Richard A. Rhem Page 5   Impressionists, the Gospel writers, is always playing through our being; if we sense the mastery with which he lived, the devotion, the commitment, the communion, the compassion, the love, the grace, the beauty of who he was, and with an openness and a prayer that his Spirit will be effecting that in us. It does happen, from splendour to splendour, from degree to degree - people moving toward the realization of God's purpose, which is conformity to Jesus Christ. Michelangelo was commissioned by Pope Julius II, who was not the finest Pope in Church history. He had a great ego and a desire to have the grandest tomb in Rome. Michelangelo was commissioned to sculpt some huge, gigantic, heroic figures that would be a part of his tomb. Michelangelo was his own person as well as Julius, and they got into an argument. The tomb never happened, and some of the figures that Michelangelo was working on can be seen in Florence, Italy in the same place as his statue of David. The huge blocks of granite are still there, and the figures are beginning to emerge. There's been enough chiseling and sculpting so that you can see what the figure was going to be. They are heroic figures, and you can see them as though they are trying to get out of the block! Get free from the granite! Free to move! Free to be human! They are called "The Prisoners." Many of us, much of our lives, are prisoners. There are stages in our lives when we'd like to just kick it all over and find freedom. We'd like to divest ourselves of every form of human control, every human bondage, every responsibility and obligation and find freedom. The French Existentialist Jean Paul Sartre spoke about that kind of freedom, and he was a nihilist. That means one ends up where nothing means anything. That is a possible end of freedom, understood as autonomy. Some of us give it a shot once in a while, but it never fulfills its promise. But the freedom that the Spirit engenders is not a freedom just to do whatever we want, but freedom to become what we were intended to be. Icons of Jesus, that's the Greek word, icons of Jesus reflecting his beauty from the inside out. That's really who we are - the beauty of Jesus, our Elder Brother, shining through us. Transfixed, face to face in freedom. Let us pray. God, our Father, give us a taste for that high purpose for which you have made us and to which you call us, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. © Grand Valley State University � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Event Trinity Sunday Series Until We Take the Shape of Christ Scripture Text II Corinthians 3:17-18 Location The location of the interview Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01_RA-0-19870614 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1987-06-14 Title A name given to the resource Transfigured: Face to Face in Freedom Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Sermons Relation A related resource Richard A. Rhem - An Archive of Sermons, Prayers, Talks and Stories: http://richardrhem.org/ Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 application/pdf Description An account of the resource A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on June 14, 1987 entitled "Transfigured: Face to Face in Freedom", as part of the series "Until We Take the Shape of Christ ", on the occasion of Trinity Sunday, at Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI. Scripture references: II Corinthians 3:17-18. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives Experience of God God's Inclusive Love Spirit Transformation Trinity https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/817731ed123ccc489e9dbce48c9e3aba.pdf 2f314399f474aa1545a9a5fd1e03be1b PDF Text Text   Transforming Love From the series: Stories Jesus Told Luke 7:18-50 Richard A. Rhem Lakeshore Interfaith Community, Mother’s Trust Ganges, Michigan September 16, 2007 Let me begin by reminding you of what I am attempting in these three presentations which I’ve titled “Stories Jesus Told.” The first last month focused on the parable of the Prodigal Son which I suggested is not about the prodigality of the son but the prodigal love of the father. Today an encounter and a story about transforming love. My purpose in centering on these stories is to discover the understanding of the nature of God they reflect – using the word God as the symbol for the Sacred Mystery at the heart of reality – Sacred Mystery, Ground of Being, Creative Source/Enlivening Presence, even, I suppose, Creative Nothingness/Emptiness. The great religious traditions have variously imaged the ultimate/the absolute. My Christian faith finds its most profound understanding of the nature of God in the incarnation – the human embodiment of God in Jesus. The Word became flesh and dwelt among us. And the one in whose face we see a clue to the mystery of God did not leave us a dogmatic text or a catechism; rather, Jesus told stories – stories whose purpose was to reflect the nature of God as Jesus understood the Divine nature and reality. Today’s lesson, I suggest, reveals God as Transforming Love. Let me be clear: I am selective in my use of Scripture. I take responsibility for that selection because part of my religious journey as a Christian and a minister of the Gospel has been a movement from seeing the Bible as my authority for truth, to seeing truth as my authority as I meditate on the Bible. Stated differently, my authority is truth rather than some authority being my truth. Truth – Do I claim to possess it? No, not as ultimate, absolute truth – It is truth as I understand it, as it resonates with me, with my best wisdom and insight. This is not to deny that there is Absolute Truth; it is simply to recognize no human possesses it. There will always only be a relative grasp of that Absolute. With that acknowledgement let me set the context for the story we consider today. In Luke 7 we have Jesus carrying on his healing ministry and he is being acclaimed by the people. Then in 7:18 John the Baptist appears in the narrative. John had led a popular religious renewal movement and is called the Baptist for © Grand Valley State University   �Transforming Love Richard A. Rhem Page 2   he called people to be baptized as a sign of repentance and renewal before what he believed would be the in-breaking of the Kingdom of God. John was apocalyptic. He expected the end of the age. He was looking for God to send a messenger (Messiah – anointed one) who could usher in the end time when God would vindicate the righteous and pour out God’s wrath on the wicked. John was expecting, in the parlance of the Hebrew prophet, “that great and terrible day of the Lord.” And John couldn’t wait. It seems he had hoped Jesus was that one who was to come. But now, in prison because he had the temerity to condemn the court scandal of King Herod, he hears of the ministry of Jesus – Good news of the in-breaking of God’s Kingdom all right, but good news and grace to all and healing – a ministry of inclusion for all people. And John is confused and disappointed – hoping for fire and judgment, John hears of grace and healing. And so he sends his disciple to Jesus with the burning question for John: Are you the one who is to come or do we look for another? Oh, can’t you feel the urgency, the pathos of that question for John! His whole life project is at stake. Had he got the wrong person? Had he misunderstood the times in which he lived? Was he wrong about God’s program? The disciples of John come to Jesus and they pose the question. In a positive and gracious way Jesus responds. He doesn’t answer the question as such. He simply says, “Go tell John what you have seen and heard: the blind receive their sight, the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are raised, the poor have good news brought to them, and blessed is anyone who takes no offence at me.” The citations of the dimension of Jesus’ ministry are taken from the Hebrew prophets but those who spoke of healing, not apocalypse. When John’s disciples left, Jesus spoke to the crowd about John. He affirmed him as a great prophet. Jesus himself had begun as part of the movement of John the Baptist but at some point he left and went on his own and he fashioned quite a different ministry. But nonetheless, he honored John as a great prophet. Then in a parenthesis Luke tells us that the very religious authorities, the Temple establishment, that were offended at Jesus and grumbled about his inclusion of all and his refusing to follow the purity codes that determine who was in and who was out, had also rejected John’s ministry. That brings us to the occasion for the story we examine today. The Occasion: © Grand Valley State University �Transforming Love Richard A. Rhem Page 3   A religious leader – a Pharisee named Simon – wanted to know Jesus firsthand so he could judge for himself whether this one causing such a stir was a genuine religious teacher, a prophet as claimed, or just another messianic pretender of which there were plenty – another charismatic religious figure who would flame up and soon burn out. And so he invited Jesus to a dinner party. We need not attribute sinister motives to Simon. Let’s assume it was an honest effort to judge Jesus for himself. And there it happened. Unlike our dinner parties in the privacy of our homes, the Middle Eastern home had an open courtyard where folks could wander in and then it wasn’t that unusual for some even to sit along the wall of the inner home and listen to the conversation. On this occasion a woman of the street or lady of the night entered. Seeing Jesus whom she must have seen before – a time when somehow he gave her dignity and humanity – she lost it – emotion burst forth. She intended to give him a sign of love and respect for she brought a flask of ointment. What she did instead was the bursting forth of emotion – tears falling on his feet – letting down her hair never done in public by respectable women but an action she had mastered. She wipes his feet with her hair and anointed them with the ointment. Such a display of love and emotion was precisely what never happened at the house of a Pharisee. It was all quite embarrassing and disconcerting for Simon, the host, but at least he accomplished the purpose of the dinner engagement – he knew now that Jesus was indeed no prophet, for a prophet would have known what sort of woman this was fondling his feet – a sinner with whom the righteous would have nothing to do. And it was just at that point that Jesus spoke saying he was indeed a prophet able to read the musing of the other’s mind – and this brings us to the story. The Story: And Jesus answered and said to him, “Simon, I have something to say to you.” And he said, “Teacher, say it.” “There was a certain creditor who had two debtors. One owed five hundred denarii, and the other fifty. And when they had nothing with which to repay, he freely forgave them both. Tell me, therefore, which of them will love him more?” Simon answered and said, “I suppose the one whom he forgave more.” And He said to him, “You have rightly judged.” © Grand Valley State University �Transforming Love Richard A. Rhem Page 4   Then He turned to the woman and said to Simon, “Do you see this woman? I entered your house; you gave me no water for my feet, but she has washed my feet with her tears and wiped them with the hair of her head. You gave me no kiss, but this woman has not ceased to kiss my feet since the time I came in. You did not anoint my head with oil, but this woman has anointed my feet with fragrant oil. Therefore I say to you, her sins, which are many, are forgiven, for she loved much. But to whom little is forgiven, the same loves little.” And He said to her, “Your sins are forgiven.” And those who sat at the table with Him began to say to themselves, “Who is this who even forgives sins?” Then He said to the woman, “Your faith has saved you. Go in peace.” (Luke 7:40f The Teaching: I like the King James version in this instance because I want to use the characterization of the two debtors – both having “nothing to pay” – and turn it around from the human obligation before God to the requirement of God – which is “nothing to pay.” In the context and story what we have is the contrast between: 1. Jesus/John – A Kingdom of Grace/ A Kingdom of Judgment: John’s threat and appeal, but Jesus’ reflecting a gracious God who says you have nothing to pay; 2. The religious institution with its delineation of who is in and who is out, its exclusionary justice dividing the righteous and the unrighteous– and – Jesus whose attitude, spirit and behavior was open to all conveying grace to all who, self-aware, knew they needed forgiveness and acceptance and allowed themselves to be embraced by grace. Aware of need, receiving forgiveness and acceptance, the response is transformation and the image of God in the story is of a God whose love transforms. Love changes a person – Law may control; Fear can cripple; Power coerce; © Grand Valley State University �Transforming Love Richard A. Rhem Page 5   but Love transforms. Application: If, as I believe, the Christian tradition sees Jesus as the human mirror of the nature of God then that mirror reflects a God who says you have nothing to pay – all your religious duties, obligations and demands are baggage placed on the single truth that you are loved for no other reason than that it is my nature to love and, when you get it, you will be transformed and love in response. Overwhelmed by grace the dam of emotion breaks and love pours out in light of such love that transforms, that changes and frees. Finally let me come back to the issue I raised in the first presentation. This, I believe, is a faithful rendering of the nature of God as imaged in the stories Jesus told and indeed in his whole behavior to the end. But is this also the nature of reality? If God is the Ground of Being, the Eternal Creative Source of All, is Love at the center? Does the God Jesus mirrors match the Creative Source of Cosmic Reality? Let me suggest that the cosmic drama of 13.7 billion years has eventuated in the likes of us – self-conscious beings able to ask such a question and if we can wonder about such a question are we not also the very means by which the cosmic process, the human story, can be shaped? Has not the cosmic drama come into our hands? Do we not face a choice as to what future will emerge? Look at our world – in the grip of imperial designs as we seek dominance globally, accomplished by military might and intimidation. We may have enough power at present to keep the lid on, enforce our will, put down all resistance but seething beneath the surface is violence and anger that at any time can explode and bring apocalypse. Maybe Jesus was just a dreamer, a visionary, impractical when it comes to the affairs of nations. But look at the chaos we have created. What if one should arise to lead who would give love a chance – because only love transforms. It works one to one, why not people to people? Could we be on the way to a future shaped by love and grace that alone can transform the human family and create a global community of justice and peace? © Grand Valley State University � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Event Lakeshore Interfaith Gathering Series Stories Jesus Told Scripture Text Luke 7: 18-50 Location The location of the interview Lakeshore Interfaith Center, Ganges Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01_RA-0-20070916 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-16 Title A name given to the resource Transforming Love Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Sermons Relation A related resource Richard A. Rhem - An Archive of Sermons, Prayers, Talks and Stories: http://richardrhem.org/ Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Description An account of the resource A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on September 16, 2007 entitled "Transforming Love", as part of the series "Stories Jesus Told", on the occasion of Lakeshore Interfaith Gathering, at Lakeshore Interfaith Center, Ganges. Scripture references: Luke 7: 18-50. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives Transforming Love https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3df08525d558985343a8ab7b7340954d.pdf 77b47410f2ac1b0b067d09802463df35 PDF Text Text Thursday Nov. 20th Candlelight vigil @ 9pm around clocktower Panel of Speakers @ 9: 1 Spm in Kirkhof Center 0072 - - - ,·--- - - --· 1' ·---- ' TRANSGENDER � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Sexuality and Gender Flyers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center Women and Gender Studies Department Women's Commission Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity Description An account of the resource Digitized posters, flyers, event notices, and other materials relating to gender expression and sexuality at Grand Valley State University, with materials spanning from 1974 to 2019. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974/2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized from collections at the Rainbow Resource Center (formerly the Milton E. Ford LGBT Resource Center), Women and Gender Studies Department, Women's Commission, and Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Gender identity Gender expression Sexual orientation Women's studies Queer theory Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09_SGF_LGBTQ_2008_Transgender-Day-of-Remembrance_Poster.pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-11-20 Title A name given to the resource Transgender Day of Remembrance Description An account of the resource Poster of the days events, including the locations, times and dates. Subject The topic of the resource Sexual minorities Community centers Transgender Day of Remembrance Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Rainbow Resource Center Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/119576f7df3c76f320a9bd5ed23fd90d.pdf f7a416b103e131d7ec6a5785c2193850 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Sexuality and Gender Flyers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center Women and Gender Studies Department Women's Commission Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity Description An account of the resource Digitized posters, flyers, event notices, and other materials relating to gender expression and sexuality at Grand Valley State University, with materials spanning from 1974 to 2019. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974/2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized from collections at the Rainbow Resource Center (formerly the Milton E. Ford LGBT Resource Center), Women and Gender Studies Department, Women's Commission, and Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Gender identity Gender expression Sexual orientation Women's studies Queer theory Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09_SGF_LGBTQ_2012_Transgender-Tuesdays-Film-Poster.pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-11-13 Title A name given to the resource Transgender Tuesdays: A Clinic in the Tenderloin Description An account of the resource Poster with information of the viewing and discussion, including the place, time and date. Subject The topic of the resource Sexual minorities Community centers Transgender people--Legal status, laws, etc Documentary films Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Rainbow Resource Center Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0f51fec277ab4a5e468ca0203003508d.pdf e8adfc68ff53b3808785e1f2b70fbb37 PDF Text Text The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Resource Center presents: On G.-- oing -, LGBT Conference: L B & Gender/Sexuality Transgender: Myths, Stereotypes, and Realities For more information, please visit www.gvsu.edu/lgbtrc If you need special accomodations, please call 616.331.2530 Co-sponsored by: Division of Inclusion & Equity, Human Resources, Women's Center, Women & Gender Studies Novettiber 11, 2009 4:00-6:00 PM Pere Marquette Rootti Kirkhof Center Allendale Cattipus � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Sexuality and Gender Flyers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center Women and Gender Studies Department Women's Commission Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity Description An account of the resource Digitized posters, flyers, event notices, and other materials relating to gender expression and sexuality at Grand Valley State University, with materials spanning from 1974 to 2019. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974/2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized from collections at the Rainbow Resource Center (formerly the Milton E. Ford LGBT Resource Center), Women and Gender Studies Department, Women's Commission, and Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Gender identity Gender expression Sexual orientation Women's studies Queer theory Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09_SGF_LGBTQ_2009_OnGoing-LGBT-Conference-Transgender-Poster.pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-11-11 Title A name given to the resource Transgender: Myths, Stereotypes, and Realities Description An account of the resource Poster with a synopsis on the topic, and information of the event, including the place, time and date. One of the 2009 LGBT & Gender/Sexuality events of the LGBT OnGoing Conference series. Subject The topic of the resource Sexual minorities Community centers Gender identity Transsexualism Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Rainbow Resource Center Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/822026c0b2eed560da809e1a710d22b9.jpg 4673967750383f77211227fd4c066a4f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_LS00182 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1918-1921 Title A name given to the resource Transit men at work Description An account of the resource Black and white lantern slide of three Chinese men operating surveying instruments. Subject The topic of the resource Lantern slides China Surveying -- Instruments Surveyors Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/fe29bd5bb339579d4cce2f3fb5ff5be4.jpg 689ea10c5d129f07dbe9f30eb6b50dc4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ronald Oakes collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Oakes, Ronald Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs by Ronald Oakes, who served in the U.S. Marine Corps during the Vietnam War, and in the U.S. National Guard in the Iraq War. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968/2005 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/628">Ronald Oakes Vietnam and Iraq war photographs (RHC-80)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Iraq War, 2003-2011 Vietnam War, 1961-1975 Veterans Photographs Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Relation A related resource Veterans History Project interviews, RHC-27 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-80 Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-80_Oakes-Vietnam-Scan-080808-0093 Title A name given to the resource Transite barracks at Da Nang airfield Subject The topic of the resource Vietnam War, 1961-1975 United States--History, Military Marine Corps Military life Soldiers Photographs Description An account of the resource Transite barracks at Da Nang airfield, April 1969. Taken when Oakes is about to leave the country. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Oakes, Ronald Relation A related resource 1969-04 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Ronald Oakes Vietnam and Iraq photographs (RHC-80) Veterans History Project interviews, RHC-27 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Vietnam War Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8965381ffad58732bf7e6399259eee09.pdf de5412ba1294bd1d98adf4c9709e685f PDF Text Text COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING PROGRAM KALAMAZOO METROPOLITAN COUNTY PLANNING COMMISSION PLAN ELEMENTS • 1970 • 1990 (l TRANSPORTATION SCHELLIE A ASSOCIATES, INC. DIVISION OF CLYDE INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA E. WILLIAMS & ASSOCIATES, INC . �TITLE: TRANSPORTATION PLAN, KALAMAZOO COUNTY, MICHIGAN AUTHOR: SCHELLIE ASSOCIATES, INC., A DIVISION OF CLYDE E. WILLIAMS & ASSOCIATES, INC. SUBJECT: TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES IN KALAMAZOO COUNTY ANALYSIS OF THE HIGHWAY SYSTEM NEEDS DEVELOPMENT OF THE FINAL PLAN METHODS OF IMPLEMENTATION DATE: MAY, 1970 PLANNING AGENCY: KALAMAZOO METROPOLITAN COUNTY PLANNING COMMISSION SOURCE OF COPIES: KALAMAZOO METROPOLITAN COUNTY PLANNING COMMISSION HUD PROJECT NO.: MICH. P-124 SERIES NUMBER: 3 of 3 NUMBER OF PAGES: 69 ABSTRACT: This report studies the existing transportation network in Kalamazoo County. Information for the study was obtained from the inventory taken hy the 1966 Origin and Destination Study for the Kalamazoo Area Transportation Study. A major feature of the Plan is to provide a connecting link between roads around Kalamazoo to the Portage Area. A complete intra-county system is proposed which provides access to all portions of the County. The system is spaced so that no portion of the County is less than two miles from a major street or county road. The Plan further goes into a study of the costs of the system as proposed and means to finance the proposed improvements. The report then discusses the future modes of transportation in the County and sets forth its findings in regard to the same. �THE TRANSPORTATION PLAN OF KALAMAZOO COUNTY, MICHIGAN May, 1970 Prepared For: The Kalamazoo Metropolitan County Planning Commission Prepared By: Schellie Associates, Inc. A Division of Clyde E. Williams & Associates, Inc. Indianapolis, Indiana With the Participation of: The Kalamazoo Metropolitan County Planning Department The preparation of this plan was financially aided through a Federal Grant from the Department of Housing and Urban Development, under the Urhan Planning Assistance Program, authorized by Section 701 of the Housing Act of 1954, as amended. �FOREWORD The preparation of the Comprehensive Plan for Kalamazoo County was undertaken in two phases. The first phase, completed in 1966, produced a series of Planning Studies Reports concerned with inventory, analysis and projections of existing conditions in the County to serve as a foundation for the plan for the future. upon in the first phase were: The subjects reported Population, Economics, Community Facili- ties, Existing Land Use, Physical Resources and Organization for Planning. The second phase of the planning program is concerned with the prepar- • • • • • • • • • ation of the Comprehensive Plan and plan implementation. It is being presented as a series of reports dealing with each of the basic elements of the Comprehensive Plan - Land Use, Community Facilities and Transportation - plus a report on Plan Implementation and finally, a Comprehensive Plan Report summarizing the entire outline planning program. Because of the many interrelationships between the three basic plan elements, they were prepared concurrently. This report on the Trans- portation Plan is the third of the plan elements to be completed in this series. The Land Use Plan and County Facilities Plan reports have been submitted . MAY, 1970 �TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Number Subject INTRODUCTION 1 GOALS OF THE KALAMAZOO TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM . . Purpose . . . . . . . . . . • . Factors Affecting These Goals . Traffic Engineering's Role . • Goals and Objectives • • . . . . 1 1 • 2 • TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES IN KALAMAZOO COUNTY GENERAL . . . . . . AIR TRANSPORTATION. RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION. HIGHWAY TERMINAL FACILITIES. Introduction Bus Service . . . . . Motor Freight Service • . • . . • • • • . . . . . . . • . • • . . . . . . . 2 2 5 • • . • • • . • . . • . . • • . • • . . 5 5 7 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8 8 INVENTORY OF THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EXISTING HIGHWAY SYSTEM ANALYSIS OE' THE HIGHWAY SYSTEM NEEDS 9 9 RIGHT-OF-WAY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 EXISTING PAVEMENT WIDTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 TRAFFIC VOLUME. . . . . • . . .10 SYSTEM CAPACITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 SYSTEM CAPACITIES ANALYSIS. . . . . . .16 ALIGNMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . 16 RAILROAD CROSSING PROTECTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 LOCATIONS OF TRAFFIC CONGESTION. . . . . . . . . . . . 20 PROJECTED LAND USE PATTERNS. . . . . . . . . .23 COMMUTING PATTERNS OF INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYEES. . . . . . . 23 DEVELOPMENT OF THE FINAL PLAN 24 INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 DETERMINATION OF CLASSIFICATION. • • 24 Arterials . . . . . . . • . . . 26 Statewide Arterials. . . . .?.6 Regional Arterials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Local Arterials . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Collectors . . . .. . . . . . . .28 Principal Collectors . . • • • • • • • • • • • ~ 2R Secondary Collectors• • • • • • • • • 28 CLASSIFIED MILEAGE. . . . . . . . • . • . • . . . . • . 29 STANDARDS FOR DEVELOPMENT • • • • • • • 29 ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION PLANS. • • • •35 - i - �TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED Page Number Subject . . . . . . . . . 35 Alternative No. 1 . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . 37 Alternative No. 2 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 37 Alternative No. 3 • • . . . . • . 39 Alternative No. 4 • • • ••• . . . . . 41 PLANS OF OTHER GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES . . . . . . . 41 DESCRIPTION OF THE FINAL TRANSPORTATION PLAN. . . . . . 41 Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Rural . . . . . . . . . • • • • • 44 Cost Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 STAGING OF THE PROPOSED PLAN. FINANCIAL PROGRAMMING OF THE TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS . . • . 59 METHODS OF IMPLEMENTATION 59 • • 60 ANTICIPATED REVENUES . . .60 Property Tax. . . . . . .. • . 60 Income Tax. . . . . . . . ... Past Trends in General Fund Revenue. .60 Bonding Situation for the City of Kalamazoo . . . .61 Projected State Income Tax Revenue on a Per-Capita Basis for the Years 1975 and 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Estimated Revenue Obtained from the State Sales Tax for the Years 1975 and 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Estimated County Operating Levy that Could be Collected for the Years 1975 and 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . • ,63 Estimated Revenue Obtained from a 1% County Income Tax for theYears 1975 and 1990 . . . . . . . . . . • •63 - ii - �MAPS Map II II Page No. 1 EXISTING TERMINAL FACILITIES . 2 1966 TRAFFIC VOLUMES . . . . 3 1966 TRAFFIC VOLUMES 4 TRAFFIC DEFICIENCIES . • 17 5 TRAFFIC DEFICIENCIES (INSET) . . 18 6 LOCATIONS OF BAD ALIGNMENT . 7 MAJOR TRAFFIC GENERATORS 8 WORKING TRIPS . . • 9 APPROVED FEDERAL AID SYSTEM . . . . . • • 27 10 1990 ALTERNATE TRANSPORTATION PLAN NO. l 11 1990 ALTERNATE TRANSPORTATION PLAN NO. 2 . . . . 36 12 1990 ALTERNATE TRANSPORTATION PLAN NO. 3 38 13 1990 ALTERNATE TRANSPORTATION PLAN NO. 4 . . 40 14 1990 INTERIM VEHICULAR CIRCULATION CONCEPT. 6 . • . (INSET) - iii - . 12 • 13 . 19 22 . • 25 • 34 46 �l 1 TABLES Page No. Table . 14 1 STREETS OPERATING AT A CRITICAL V/C RATIO. . 2 EXPOSURE FACTORS FOR MAJOR R.R. INTERSECTIONS . . . 21 3 PROPOSED SECTIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION. . 47 4 CONSTRUCTION COSTS . . 51 5 RIGHT-OF-WAY COSTS . 6 COST ESTIMATES FOR PROPOSED SECTIONS . . . 52 7 TENTATIVE CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE FOR PROPOSED 1990 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM. . . . 56 8 REVENUES - 1964 9 REVENUES - 19 65 • • • 65 10 REVENUES - 1966 • • • 11 REVENUES - 1967 12 REVENUES - 1968 13 CITY OF KALAMAZOO GENERAL FUND REVENUE . . . 51 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - iv - 6n 67 68 • 69 I I �FIGURES Figure Number Page No. STATEWIDE ARTERIAL (URBAN) . . 2 REGIONAL ARTERIAL (URBAN) 3 LOCAL ARTERIAL AND PRINCIPAL COLLECTORS (ORB.AN) 4 5 - • • • • . . . . . . . . . 1 6 7 • • • • • • • • .. • • • • • • • . . . . . . . . STATEWIDE AND REGIONAL ARTERIAL (RURAL) . LOCAL ARTERIAL (RURAL) . . . . . . . . . . . . PRINCIPAL AND SECONDARY COLLECTORS (RURAL) . . SECONDARY COLLECTORS (URBAN) . V 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 �INTRODUCTION I •IJI • • • The automobile has brought about what has been termed individual, or personal transportation. This type of transportation has not been without problems, especially in cities. The most significant pro·blems resulting from the automobile are traffic congestion and lack of parking facilities. Cities have been attempting to meet t_~e demands of the automobile through the construction and reconstruction of their streets and highways. Unfortunately they have not been able to keep up with the ever-increasing volume of traffic. The congestion in the central business districts of cities has led to further dispersion of business and industry to the peripheral areas of the cities. This dispersion has resulted in compounding of the traffic problems by creating movements not only to the central business area but through the area to the opposite peripheral area. The motor vehicle is here to stay, at least during the foreseeable future. Recent developments in larger cities are tending toward a return to mass transit. However, this will have little or no effect upon the medium or small size cities. In order to more effectively deal with both present and future transportation problems, the Michigan State Highway Department is in the process of preparing transportation studies for the greater Kalamazoo Area. In addition to the report presented here, a study is being performed by the M.S.H.D. with the assistance of Alan M. Vorhees and Associates. It should be noted that these are only interim reports and a more comprehensive report will be completed at a later date by the Michigan State Highway Department and the Kalamazoo County Planning Department. GOALS OF THE KALAMAZOO TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Purpose A transportation system may shape the growth of a community or the growth of a community may shape a transportation system. The ideal lies somewhere in between. Thus, the purpose of transportation planning is twofold. _Kirstly. it attempts to supply present and future transportation- neees-of commnoitJ:ec. also sets for c.oncrete proposals for future transportation development which will tend to effect desirable community development and discourage development of the uninspired, haphazard or inadequate kind. The General Goal of the Transportation Plan for the Kalamazoo County area is to form a network of ...t!}Qroughfares and re.lated transportation systems, which will expedite the movement of people and goods in a manner most conducive to the de'\le--1-0pmeRt of :the... economic and. social progress -0f the area. • - 1 - �Factors Affecting Goals Two of the major factors affecting the establishment of transportation goals for the area are the land use pattern and the economic and social life of the County. For the system to achieve maximum effectiveness, consideration must be given to these factors in respect to their influence on desired traffic origins and destinations. Travel must thsn be accomplished safely and efficiently along routes which cause minimum interference with these adjacent land uses. Residential areas should be served by collector routes which connect them with facilities designed for higher speeds enabling persons to reach those portions of the city devoted to industrial, commercial and recreational purposes within acceptable time periods. When these travel times become excessive, the use of the commercial and recreational services of the area is discouraged. This is prevalent in larger cities which have not kept pace with the growth of the area by continually updating the street network. Traffic Engineering's Role In meeting the transportation needs of an area, the traffic engineer is concerned not only with new construction, but with improvements to the existing transportation system through operational measures as well. While additional lanes at signalized intersections increase the capacity of that street, :iJllp.rove.ments in s i g n a l i ~ , such as tr~ffic sampling master controllers, which regulate a signal system, will speed traffic flow throughout an entire area. Channelization, separating conflicts between vehicle and vehicle; vehicle and pedestrian; and vehicle and train tend to promote movement, convenience and safety in traffic operations. A signing program which informs the motorist or warns him of any changes in driving conditions is the kind of program which the traffic engineer seeks to ensure. In addition, rigid enforcement programs are encouraged, since no operational program can be effective without such measures. Goals It is foreseen that in the Kalamazoo area the need for the movement of people and goods will continue to increase at accelerated rates. Accordingly, local authorities must strive to the greatest possible extent to keep pace with this need in providing transportation facilities. It was with this concept in mind that the following goals and objectives were formulated for the Kalamazoo County Transportation Network. • • • THE ATTAINMENT OF ADEQUATE TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES FOR THE EFFECIENT MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE AND GOODS . THROUGHOUT THE COUNTY, AS WELL AS IN AND OUT OF THE COUNTY. THE MAXIMUM COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN THE SYSTEM OF TRANSPORTATION AND TRANSPORTATIOU INSTALLATIONS WITH THE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS. THE ATTAINMENT OF AN ARRANGEMENT OF STREETS AND HIGHWAYS ACCORDING TO FUNCTIONAL NEEDS, WHICH WILL PROVIDE EFFICIENT CIRCULATION WITH MAXIMUM SAFETY. - 2 - I ' I I I I I I _____._ �• • • • • • • • DEVELOPMENT OF A TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ACCORDING TO THE BEST POSSIBLE ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES; ASSURING EFFECTIVENESS, SAFETY, EFFICIENCY, AND ECONOMY. THE REALIZATION OF A TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM CLOSELY COORDINATED WITH THE LAND DEVELOPMENT PLAN. Policies The attainment of the foregoing goals will be largely dependent upon the proper decisions being made from time-to-time by the agencies and authorities charged with the responsibility of / implementing the Transportation Plan. To assist in that regard it is recommended that the following policies be considered as a guide in making those decisions: (1) The primary elements of urban highway systems should encircle, rather than penetrate the CBD of the cities. (2) The highway and street network must provide direct access to all major traffic generators. (3) All routes should respect and maintain as closely as possible the established social, political and economic characteristics of the existing land-use areas and those anticipated for future development. (4) The design of all local service street and road improvements should give recognition to federal requirements and be consistent with the Transportation Plan. All street and highway improvements should conform to a uniform code of design and traffic control standards. Specific Objectives Certain objectives are recommended for Kalamazoo County which will serve to fulfill the goals or policies previously stated. These are discussed in greater detail throughout the report but may be generally stated as follows: (1) The completion of the Kalamazoo Area Transportation Study. (2) That all new highways conform with the Transportation Plan until KATS* is completed • (3) Agencies should proceed to program and budget improvements proposed in the Transportation Plan, as needed to alleviate traffic congestion and to keep pace with land development throughout the county . * Kalamazoo Area Transportation Study • - 3 - �(4) Initiate a uniform system of highway design and traffic control standards and procedures to apply to future public road system in the County. (5) Acquire right-of-way or otherwise prevent encorachment upon projected highway routes. (6) Take full advantage of construction program objectives in making highway improvements. ' ' ' ' 'I I I I I •I - 4 - I I �• • • • • • • • • • TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES IN KALAMAZOO COUNTY GENERAL The first step in the development of the overall transportation system for Kalamazoo County is to analyze and evaluate the existing system. Analysis includes the physical characteristics as well as the overall operational performance of the system. The existing street system must be evaluated as to the degree of service it provides. In order to establish a basis for future planning, the transportation objectives of the county must be delineated. The trend toward the use of individual transportation requires local governmental agencies to be concerned with street and road planning. It is also important to consider the nature and extent of various other transportation systems, not only because of their physical relationship, but also because of their effect upon the economy of the community. There are two well-defined population centers-- the City of Kalamazoo and the City of Portage. Neither city has a large enough population to support mass transportation; however, both cities are of sufficient size to support local transit services. The movement of freight within and to and from the county is accomplished by extensive rail operations and by several motor freight lines . Industrial development has been intensive and is found in a belt extending from the north side of Kalamazoo to the northeast portion of Portage. The industrial areas are responsible for the well-developed rail network and are generally responsible for the vehicle congestion • For the purpose of describing the transportation systems serving the county, they are grouped under three headings--air, highway and rail. The systems are shown on Map 1 and are described below . AIR TRANSPORTATION Travel by air is the fastest means of transportation available. The volume of passengers carried by air has steadily increased each year and air freight has greatly increased in tonnage in the last few years . Kalamazoo County' is served by two major airports--Kalamazoo Municipal Airport and the W. K. Kellogg Regional Airport. Additional service is provided by the Austin Lake Airport . The Kalamazoo Municipal Airport is located at the southern edge of the City of Kalamazoo and is four miles from the central business area . - 5 - �MAP 1 : r---®'·\ : l' ____,! '' L.._. \., tc-'- !r !__, \i ,, . . . . . . . . . . . (- ·~:., '·i ! : : I ~ @----. ---:= ,,.,.. , .., , ,,•" iJl!P-•• . ,. ~ ' ' : ::,' ,: ,......) ( .. t__:: . I I! ~ ,...J----="--+- ------ :__ ... --------- .----- ✓- f'-"""''--'-+---'L§f--"--,,l,""'-➔-~~---'----'--+-=-----; ! i....---+===¢a-;===t=+=-t-===+=,=f"f' I !: ·1 ,,-: I --··-·--·--) __ ,:.. ,.. _.\.. ____ .... --·~-----ill I I I I ... ................. _ ... ..........._,,........ ....... .......... _.................. ........ ........... _, ...... . ..,...... .. . .... ,............ ---.. ··• ...... ..... I I KALAMAZOO COUNTY, MICHIGAN -- . . .............. ,•-··· LEGEND $ U Hi EXISTING STREET NETWORK N UWOU IN TIUfATI 1040 IYlTUA - - MAJOI tQll.OS ........ ltCOHOAl'f' 10,,lr,Dl EXISTING TERMINAL FACILITIES TIIMINAl .... 1969 P.UW.NG(I SfAJION '-l!OtiT I fAUfHGU UATK>N • flllGHT l'A.105 Q fUK.KtStA.TION • lll,Q fHMIHA!.1 Q l-..O I llAJIH t,u,lp AIIPOtl fA.CIUT1f$ •••••• • •• po, , 4 lo, fH l lA l AMAZ OO Mltl O POLITAN COUNfY Pt4MNIMO fACILHIH ♦ 0 PlNN · ClHTtM IAJLIO#.D • • - •• GU.HO TIUO:. WUTUN IAIUOAO C0M M IUI0H •••••••" h 6 kH l Ull A U0C IAU S, INC. A Olwhlu ef ClTDl I WIU IAIO 6 ASSOC I NC, tMofU �The existing runways are not of sufficient length to accommodate the large commercial jet aircraft. Plans for lengthening the runways have been made and currently are awaiting Federal funding. Approximately 26 commercial flights per day use the airport with connection to Chicago, Detroit, South Bend and Grand Rapids. The W. K. Kellogg Regional Airport is located approximately 22 miles east of Kalamazoo at the west edge of Battle Creek. Due to the physical limitations of both fields a non-profit corporation (South West Air, Inc.) obtained funds to retain an airport consultant to study the airport needs of Calhoun and Kalamazoo Counties. The study, which was presented in late July, 1969, indicated that a new airport should be built. Of the four sites which were investigated, the best site is located about two miles south of I-94 and the Galesburg exit (referred to as Site 2 in the report). The reasons for selecting this site were: (1) It is approximately equidistant from the City of Battle Creek in Calhoun _C ounty and the City of Kalamazoo. (2) The total construction cost was less than other sites. (3) The location would be served by I-94. The Austin Lake Airport, classed as a gefieral aviation field, is located in the south-central portion of the county . Approximately forty aircraft are tied down ar this field with fifty movements per week. I •I I I I I I I RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION The Kalamazoo area is served by two railroads -- the Grand Trunk Western and the Penn Central. Only freight service is provided by the former via a spur which connects to the main line at Pavilion. Both freight and passenger service are available on the Penn Central Railroad which runs from Chicago to Boston and New York by way of Detroit, Buffalo and Albany. There are four trains west-bound daily, three east-bound daily and two east-bound as far as Detroit on Saturday. Virtually all of the major industrial areas in and bordering Kalamazoo are served by track sidings and spurs off the main line. HIGHWAY TERMINAL FACILITIES Introduction The major aspect of highway transportation will be considered later in this report. Only highway terminal facilities and other general information will be presented here. This information generally falls into the categories of bus and truck routes, terminal facilities and commuting. - 7 - �Bus Service Intra-county public bus service is provided by Kalamazoo Metro Transit Company serving the cities of Kalamazoo and Portage. Regional service is provided by Indiana Motor Bus Lines and Greyhound Lines. Local bus service is good. Metro Transit has six routes which operate from 6:00 A.M. until 7:00 P.M. with extended service on Wednesday evenings to 9:30 P.M. Inspection of the bus routes shows that the areas with dense population are being served. The regional bus lines serve Kalamazoo, Augusta, Galesburg, Comstock and Schoolcraft. The lines provide service to the major cities in southern and northwestern Michigan and northern Indiana. From some of these cities nationwide interconnections are available. Motor Freight Service Among the major aspects in planning for motor freight transportation are truck routes, off-street truck loading bays and the location and development of truck freight terminals. • • • • • In Kalamazoo County, no city has established formal marked truck routes, . although the City of Kalamazoo has unmarked routes and has some streets that are signed prohibiting trucks. Throughout the county, however, it is generally required that heavy trucks travel on state highways. The Transportation Plan for 1990 should incorporate the extra load bearing capacity and turning radii required by large trucks. Also the environment and integrity of residential and commercial neighborhoods should be maintained. The plan should provide for an integrated system Iii and thereby remove the need for truck routes. • II Today's traffic requires that all terminals provide adequate off-street loading bays. Locations of the various motor freight facilities are indicated on Map 1 . These locations follow a predictable pattern in their proximity to the two railroads and main highways serving Kalamazoo. The major portion of the terminals is concentrated in an area south and east of the center of the central business district with the most distant one about three miles from the center of the city. These facilities have direct access to the railroads, the CBD, and to an arterial highway -- all of which are required in order to function economically and efficiently. Due to congestion in the CBD and the development of routes by-passing the CBD it is probable, as well as desirable, that most new terminals will be located along the interstate and by-pass routes. - 8 - I I I I I I I �-I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I INVENTORY OF PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EXISTING HIGHWAY SYSTEM An attempt to formulate a program for improvementsfwithin a transportation study area can only be made upon the basis of an accurate inventory of the existing physical characteristics of ~he transportation network. This necessitates inclusion of the following data: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. pavement width, type & condition right-of-way width alignment & grade structures traffic volumes capacities origin-destination studies parking facilities accident data railroad crossing data (number of trains, type of protection, etc.) A discussion of the applications of this information is contained in various portions of this report and will not be covered at this point. The information has been compiled by Alan M. Voorhees & Associates, Inc. in the Kalamazoo Area Transportation Study* with the cooperation of the various local governmental agencies. ANALYSIS OF THE HIGHWAY SYSTEM NEEDS After compiling all of the information related to the existing physical characteristics of the county street and road system, it is necessary to analyze the data and determine the type and extent of problems affecting the efficiency and safety of travel within the area. It is the purpose of this section to summarize the deficiencies which must be corrected and the future needs which must be met by a proposed transportation plan. Those factors having a significant influence on travel conditions are discussed individually under the following items: a. b. c. d. e. Right-of-Way Width Pavement Width Volumes and Capacity Alignment Railroad Crossing Protection f. g. h. Locations of Traffic Congestion Projected Land Use Patterns Commuting Patterns of Industrial Employees RIGHT-OF-WAY The availability of adequate right-of-way is the most valuable resource a city can have in remedying its transportation problems. Unfortunately, this is the most prevalent deficiency. An existing street or road which * Data Collection and Inventories and Street Inventory and Capacity Analysis. - 9 - �is carrying traffic for which it was not designed can be upgraded to the standards if there is sufficient right-of-way available to permit pavement widening. The next obvious step would be to acquire the additional right-of-way needed to permit widening; but this is rarely practical -- particularly in a business area because of the prohibitive costs involved. (Buildings in the CBD and most other business areas are within a few feet of, if not actually on, the right-of-way line of the street. The acquisition of right-of-way then becomes a purchase of not only land but buildings as well.) A second problem evolves in cities with a grid type street system in the fact that needed corridors which do not follow the north-south, east-west grid system are highly expensive due to acquisition and disruption of established block-by-block land use patterns. Aside from the expense of the property itself there are other expenses inherent with the acquisition such as the normal legal work involved and possible condemnation proceedings as well as the time lag during which construction prices are almost certain to rise. Another consideration which enters into the matter of land acquisition is the creation llll of ill-will among many of the people who are displaced by such a pro.,.. ject. While this is a factor which is unavoidable, it cannot be entirely disregarded. EXISTING PAVEMENT WIDTH The width of a road or street is one of the principal factors which govern its ability to carry traffic. As would appear evident, this traffic-carrying ability (capacity) increases as the pavement width of the street increases. Deficiencies in pavement width are the product of an increase in the number and size of vehicles since the street was designed and built. A lane width of nine or ten feet is not uncommon -- particularly on older local streets; but this is far from adequate by present-day standards. Eleven to twelve-foot lanes are desirable. An example of the effect of pavement width on capacity may be seen by use of the charts published in the Highway Capacity Manual. Two ten-foot lanes have a normal base capacity of 1,375 vehicles per hour of green time, as opposed to the capacity of 1,750 vehicles for two twelve-foot lanes. Therefore an increase in pavement width of four feet increases the capacity by twenty-seven percent in this particular instance. Benefits derived from incre~sed pavem~nt width are not limited to the resulting increase in capacity. The increased safety and driver comfort are items to which an actual value cannot be assigned. TRAFFIC VOLUME Traffic volume data for existing streets and roads within the county is ~resented in Maps 2 & 3. ~olume ~nformation is a prerequisite to the design of any new transportation facilty or the modification of an existing one in order to alleviate present problems or to avoid future - 10 - • •• • •I ' I I I I I �I I I I I I I I I I I I I II ones. It is imperative that the number of vehicles, the percentage of turning movements and the time at which these are at a peak be known before any systematic approach may be undertaken to solve the traffic problems of the area. Once this information has been acquired, along with the necessary data to calculate the capacity of the street or road in question, it is possible to establish which streets are the most inadequate for the volumes which they carry. Priorities may then be established for solving the problems which are revealed by the study. Alloca...tio a£ turning lanes, assignment of one-way pair streets, restriction of on-street parking and adjustment of timing of automatic signals are s eps which may offer a solution to the congestion if it is not excessive. Once volumes reach a certain level, the capacity of the street will not be improved sufficiently by these measures; and more e~tensive remedies such as reconstruction and pavement widening became necessary. It is the purpose of the volume study to indicate which of these or other steps will correct or relieve the problems which exist and in what order they should be implemented. SYSTEM CAPACITIES Possibly the best definition of traffic capacity is one published in the Highway Capacity Manual, 1965. It reads as follows: "Capacity is the maximum number of vehicles which has a reasonable expectation of passing over a given section of a lane or a roadway in one direction (or in both directions for a two-lane or a three-lane highway) during a given time period under prevailing roadway and traffic conditions."* The capacity analysis is a critical part of any traffic study. It is used at the beginning of a study for the purpose of outlining existing and future congestion problems. Some explanation of the analysis and how it is made and used might be useful. After the collection of all pertinent data concerning the existing street network, the capacity analysis is undertaken to establish the network's adequacy. The factors involved in this analysis are: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) -- Highway Capacity Manual, 1965 by the Highway Research Board of the Division of Engineering and Industrial Research, National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council, Washington, D.C. ----- * Pavement Width Amount of pavement occupied by on-street parking Percentage of transit operation Percentage of truck traffic Location of network within the city Peak hour factor (peak hour volume divided by the total 24-hour volume) Percentage of left and right turning movements Percentage of green time per hour from the adjacent fixed time traffic control device - - •· - 11 - �I I I MAP 2 .... /\ # .., r \\ ~ .~., i.. ff I •••-.•._, ~ I I .... l ~! ;l ! J70 JIO : ....• ; l~ ~ .. ! : ! ____.:-:.-=-/ l! t i 1: ~o;~;!/ ai i10 I. . ! ... . . .-r••"e.o :.1 'fi, l·---·---..·-·:;/ ·-, 'I ... / ;j :! = r· uo r·-·· dO t : .....1.. . ···-------- l ! to) ( Joo !:. ... / / ij __,t._] ~,. ! . I I : .........:1 ~ ,! JCO ... .... ~ ... .,, ! J,O !i 'Ht .:. t 2JO ;.i i • B!vo .................... -......-······· ___ ...--, _ ... •-·-···" --··-··---·· ......... -.. _, J ·:, 1--··-·-······•...f ...... ,.. L' ·-·- . ··•-.-'~ :,10 KALAMAZOO COUNTY, MICHIGAN .. -•···•·...... -~.- ............... ··-··•··. LEGEND EXISTING STREET NETWORK 1966 TRAFFIC VOLUMES ... 1969 12 = UlHI NETW<>'I •M!USl,t,H IOAO STSUJII - - MAJOl IOA.0$ .............. $1CON0.1'1•1' IOADS LEGEND 0 ~t ._.. •.ooo $... 0 ' - - -~ AOI , lill(NIGAN °''"'JIMOH (>t ifA.Tt t\l(iMWAO kAI AMA ZOO COUklY 10...0 ce,,u,uu10N I I I - �MAP 3 • • • • • IN SET Source& MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF STATE HIGHWAYS KALAMAZOO COUNTY ROAD COMMISSION KALAMAZOO MICHIGAN 1966 TRAFFIC VOLUMES ••• p•oi••••••o• ot ,.,. .,., ... , 1,. 0 ,.,.011,- o,<110<11 ••••••• • ho• u,o D•o••• .. ••I o f l'loo•••t 0 ••• 1.,. .... , .... ., ••••• u, ..... ••4•••' ••ii G•••• U•lo•• LEGEND ,1 ..... , .. . ............ ,,.,, .................... , , ...... ,01 0 . , ••• t.... , . . . . . . . . , , , , , . . . . . . . . . . .. OOOA0T ,•ll•••·"•·•tl .......... . lo,•••"'••••••• o., • .,..,,.M of • •o.ooo Aor - ........... ,.. tHI ll;Al4MAZOO MlltOl'Ot.lU,N COVN1' PIANNING co...... J5SION .....,.,..i 13 e,. KHtlUE A5SOC, ll'tC. o oli••- -' CUDI f WHllAM.S &. ASSOC INC.. IMOl'LS �TABLE l STREETS OPERATING AT A CRITICAL V/C RATIO* From Street Alcott Street Bryant Street Cork Street Crosstown Parkway East Michigan Ave. Lovers Lane Mills Street Oakland Drive Park Place Park Street Pitcher Street Portage Street Portage Street Portage Street Portage Street Riverview Drive Riverview Drive Riverview Drive Stockbridge Avenue Vande Giesen Road Vine Street West Main Street West Michigan Avenue West Michigan Avenue West Michigan Avenue Westfall Avenue Westnedge Avenue Westnedge Avenue Whites Road East Michigan Avenue Gull Road Gull Road King Highway Long Lake Drive Milham Road ML Avenue Oakland Drive River Street Gull Road Howard Street Burdick Street King Highway Shaver Road Stadium Drive West Main Street West Michigan Avenue Westnedge Avenue Westnedge Avenue * Burdick Street Portage Street Park Street Bronson Boulevard Harrison Street Kilgore Road Stockbridge Avenue Parkview Avenue Westnedge Avenue Park Place Lovell Street Milham Road Dorchester Drive Banbury Road Bryant Street Michigan Avenue Patterson Street Mt. Olivet Road Old N.Y. Central R.R. Stadium Road Westnedge Avenue Drake Road Colony Farm Road Vande Giesen Road Park Street Hylle Street Kilgore Road Academy Street Parkview Avenue King Highway Nazareth Road 26th Street Township Line Nash Avenue 12th Street Sprinkle Road Milham Road Comstock Avenue Humphrey Street Stadium Road Burdick Street (N. of Inkster) Mills Street Oakland Drive Michigan Avenue Limits of Study Area County Line Shaver Street Romence Road Volume to Capacity Ratio - 14 - To Portage Street Fulford Street Portage Street Penn R.R. Tracks Riverview Drive Cork Street Michigan Avenue Wheaton Avenue Park Street Water Street Michigan Avenue Kilgore Road Nottingham Avenue Palmer Avenue Gibson Street Hotop Avenue Riverside Cemetery Dr. Link Lane Fulford Street Michigan Avenue Burdick Street Michigan Avenue Woodlawn Avenue Oakland Drive Burdick Street Michigan Avenue Village Street Walnut Street Westnedge Avenue 33rd Street Normandy Avenue Limits of Study Area Michigan Avenue Centre Avenue Westnedge Avenue I-94 W.Br.Portage Creek Michigan Avenue Nazareth Road Oakland Drive Burdick Street (S. of Inkster) Township Line Westnedge Avenue U.S. 131 Interchange Engle Road U.S. 131 Interchange Portage Creek Kilgore Road I •IJ I II �The pavement width (with or without parking, two-way or one-way operation) is converted into a base capacity or service volume by means of a series of curves developed by the Highway Research Board of the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, D.C. This base capacity is then adjusted to the proper level through computation according to the appropriate · factors listed previously. At this point the capacity of the portion of the intersection under analysis is known. This capacity is then compared to the existing volume in what is called the V/C Ratio*. By dividing the existing volume by the capacity the obtained value is the percentage of capacity at which the approach is operating. Capacity is affected by various physical conditions which, in turn, are varied as to the type of interruption to the flow of traffic. In the table below are some common deficiencies which reduce capacity: Cause Effect • • • • • • • • Incorrect Signal Timing or noninterconnected signals Hampers movement through intersection because platoon or group of vehicles from previous signal are not allowed to clear intersection. Poor Lane Definition Causes confusion as to vehicles entering the intersection overlapping into adjacent lanes. Poor turning lane indications (pavement markings and signing) Causes through traffic to become bogged in lanes reserved for turning movements. Non-use of reserved left-turn lane and left-turn signal in intersections with a high percentage left-turn movement. Intersection becomes clogged due to intermixing of left-turn vehicles with through vehicles. As a portion of the Kalamazoo Area Transportation Study, a functional street network was defined and inventoried. From this inventory a capacity analysis was made and the various street segments were rated according to the V/C Ratio system explained previously. Each segment's rating was then compared to the maximum values set up for each functional classification. Maximum V/C* Values for Kalamazoo Area Transportation Study 1.00 0.90 0.85 0.80 Interstate Expressway Major Arterial Collector The street segments which are operating above the maximum V/C Value are listed in Table 1. * Volume to Capacity Ratio - 15 - �MAP 4 : l :! -:---•••-••••c·•••"• -••••••••••••••••• 'ii_____ r-----'~-+-------'-- ... -----______._ ~: ·1 : _,, ! ... _____ _::--.!'-'£ 'r~\ .:.t_. ~---···· !: ;! (: r•I , ___,__ ...... __:,..___ ... __• -----u --··----· •...• ····-' l -------------. --- ... -----+-----------------------! ,.) f ,.............. _.,,. ,_ .., ,._ . :::.:·::;:::::. :::~.:.~·-·· KALAMAZOO COONTY, MICHIGAN ··---"' ~- ··-•·•• ..............-•· ._ ·•· --••••..-h•••-n• ...... -........... ,........... LEGEND ~ SflHT EXISTING STREET NETWORK TRAFFIC - - MAJOl DE FICIENCIH UGfNO ... INSUfflClfNT 1969 ,..,.o,o<i ,.. HU l(AlAMA.tOO ,u,10,ouTAN COUlil'I' HANNING NlTWotC UHlUfAU k>AO svnu• IC»Jl6 •••·••• SICO..O.n 1°"'°6 - •--- ' AVfMfNT WIDTH CA,ACITY INSUPflCIENT IIGHT Or WAY COMMl$SION ,,. . . ,,.... , 16 ICHfllll AUOCIATU, INC /1. Do•h l . . •f CUDf I WIU IA.IIIS & AHOC , IMC' IMDf'Ui �•I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I SYSTEM CAPACITIES ANALYSIS The information presented in Table 1 indicates that several major arterials are severely overtaxed by the present-day volumes which they must carry. Among these are Westnedge Avenue, Portage Street, Mills Street, Riverview Drive and Oakland Drive, all of which serve as north-south arterials. In addition to these, other critical streets are Vande Giesen Road, which provides the only access between I-94 B.L. and Western Michigan University, Gull Road and a portion of Stadium Drive. While these are by no means the ~nly routes which are overtaxed, they are the ones which have V/C Ratios in excess of 1.35 and which also carry some of the highest volumes of traffic. Some of these V/C Ratios*are as high as 1.77 for a portion of Westnedge Avenue and 1.68 for Vande Giesen Road; and this is when no parking is permitted on them. These values are twice as high as the maximums previously established for arterial and collector streets. Maps 4 and 5 indicate which sections of the transportation system are deficient with respect to existing pavement width, right-of-way width and V/C Ratio*and serve as a graphical summarization of these deficiencies. ALIGNMENT The term alignment may refer to either the horizontal or vertical alignment of a street or road; both of which are contributing factors to the safety, comfort and operating speed on the road. Street and road maps provide reasonably accurate information relative to the horizontal alignment, but there is no method by which vertical alignment information may be readily obtained. For this reason only horizontal alignment will be considered in this report. Points of deficient alignment are indicated on Map 6. There are many roads in the county which are aligned in a manner which will not permit safe travel at a reasonable operating speed. Since many of these are secondary roads, the expense of eliminating any but the most critical points of poor alignment could probably not be justified. At the worst points, however, improvements should be made in order to avoid the accidents which are almost certain to occur if no changes are made. The majority of the locations indicated on the map of deficiencies in alignment are at abrupt right-angle jogs in the road and intersections at angles other than 90 degrees. Curves which permit moderate driving speeds in place of the existing sharp jogs would be desirable; and clearly defining signs and striping are the minimum measures which should be employed to make such roads safer. RAILROAD CROSSING PROTECTION There are 22 miles of railroad in the city and 115 miles in the county. Virtually every major arterial street in the city is intersected at least once by a railroad. Each of these intersections, which are atgrade, is a potential source of accidents and traffic congestion; and if traffic conditions are such that a separation in grade is warranted, * Volume to Capacity Ratio - 17 - �,-----------------------------------~MAP ~~S~ --- 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t'Ollt INSET Source, , MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF STATE HIGHWAYS KAL,..MAZOO COUNTY ROAD COMMISSION KALAMAZOO TRAFFIC MICHIGAN DEF IC IE NC IE S Tl>• o••P•••"o" of '"" "'"P .,,.., ''"""""IIV 01,led !ho•th o fod••<al G•o•I l,o,.. II>• D•o•••••"' ol Ho,.,,.,, o•d U,t.o~ D~••loo.,••t, ••"•' ,1,. u,a.,. 1'11000, .. , LEGEND .......... ,. •• ,,.,,,.,.,., owtl>o<1ud l>y $,.c,,o., 101 of 11110 Ho"""' A<I ol 19.S~. O> ""'""dri, odo,lnl11u.-<1 II~ 1ho Mlc~igo" D•P<>•l•enr ol c............ . ""''"""""" INSUFFICIENT ••••• CAPACITY • 1• 1 • 1• INSUFFICIENT PAVEMENT WIDTH RIGHT Of WAY I I I ,,op41r,o4 fo, THE l(AIAMAlOO MEIIOl'OUU,N COUNTY ,t.t,l'INJNG CO,Y,MISSIO N /'repc,r•" ly SCHUU! AUOC., INC., o dl•loio,, o1 ClYOI!. f WllUJiMS & ASSOC~ INC., INOf't.$ I 18 �• • • • • • • • • • • • MAP 6 / ~\ ... .. ! ·\~ ! . ~---------------·········------------ ___ '•,., : \ '\,_ ·······-r········"'...... \...............'--++-----+--"'-r-----4--~ f. ~-·· l .: ·: i, :' : ;l:: d :. , ..: · __ 11 . ,,,.--;----···----0----;--··· ------------ ,.,--·········· _;::: ..--::-:•·· _/ .! .:/' ·: / ./ , I / j ~ - ~ --'-ill---'"'--1-~~--'-- ___ / ~--., : ·/··==·•"· L...·.:. ... ::::i_ _____:L.. 1 ...:··~ ~! •: •: •: 'l l ... i ( ..-· r-"'---'--f--'+½:l""---+---'---'---i- ------·--··· ----------·:··" :: ; / "--'--------1 ·:,,,,.==+=='"=9""=!1==l===l===sb,,,<f' : : ••~•,-,1,-'.. ..•..•• • :!! •.... .'~.L ••• .- : . •'• · • · •. J... I / , ,': :: J :,, r-·• ---~n .J.., / ················'····"..........."i / .............. ·....""···-··1·-·············-········· r:.) \-.....L.--'-'-'---- , ~- r-c....__,,.;-..:..::....- -, \! \:! i......,...... ·............. ······ ····································t· '"'............ ... / 1· ~ .-·· '------------------------------ 'i .. _____. . --.. . . ____:,_·_~ ___ , ____________________ : ;: :: l ________ ":,._:. _•--------~ : ,: ~ \ \ ········T····················•.... L ...····:~;·••·· ... ;l 'I ~j . ;,;.· ·- ... ,, . ............... -- . ···_ ·--. .................. ,......... ,wo>--.•••"lho ........ ..... ....... . •·· ....... •• •••••· •·•• _...,,.,.,,h, .. KALAMAZOO COUNTY, MICHIGAN LE GEND ~ . , . . _ , , ... , , OUOOHOO••• = EXISTING STREET NETWORK sn ut Ntt wo,u, •N IUHAI( IIOAO S'l'l!f M - - M AJ0t t 0AO$ ••--• •• U<;()N O.,,,IY •o....» LOCATIONS OF BAD ALIGNMENT 1969 • '• •••••,I"' 19 SCH f ll!I A UOC1 Af U INC A 0,.,,,, . ~ •I Cl'l'Ot ( W Hl' A/rillS & ASSOC ' NC •NOf'l. S �I this should be given consideration. Standards used in this portion of the study are those adopted for use in the 1970-1990 Michigan Highway Needs Study. The criteria by which the type of railroad crossing =, protection is determined is the exposure factor, a term which is applied to the product of the ADT* multiplied by the number of trains per day. Where the exposure factor is 200,000 or more, a separation in grade is required. At locations having a value of 3,000 or more, automatic signals and gates ar~ indicated. Information obtained regarding railroad crossings in the downtown area is contained in Table 2. The exposure factors which appear in Table 2 are in the 18,000 to 127,000 range which would normally indicate that no grade separations are warranted; but all of these crossings should be protected by automatic signals and gates. While safety is the primary concern of these standards, the decreased capacity and delays, which result from switching operations in particular, are of more than minor concern. Information obtained for these crossings indicates several 10-15 minute periods in the morning from 7:40 A.M. to 9:10 A.M. during which major streets are blocked by trains. This situation is undesirable at any time; but it is even more of a problem at a time when the traffic is near a peak. While these delays do not normally occur during the peak morning traffic, they do some immediately after it when there are still fairly high volumes on the streets thereby causing at least a great deal of inconvenience for many people. The cost of grade separations merely for the purpose of convenience is usually not justifiable. There- ,fore, a compromise must be effected between the railroads and the City to hold conflicts to a minimum by attempting to schedule switching. operations in a manner which is most compatible with traffic volumes. If this is not possible, grade separations might be given more serious consideration. I I I I I LOCATIONS OF TRAFFIC CONGESTION I I I I I The determination of points of traffic congestion within the area serves as one of the best indicators of the transportation system's needs. One approach to making such a determination is to consider the locations of the major traffic generators within the area since these are the most likely source of congestion. This applies only in a general manner, however; and it would be misleading to state unequivocally that all major traffic generators are the source of traffic congestion. They do provide a helpful guide in the search for points of congestion when further study is made of them. There are four types of generators which consistently create the most demand for ~ravel on a d~ily basi~--commercial, industrial, institutional and shopping areas. Tnese are illustrated on Map 7. There is a pattern which becomes apparent upon reviewing this map. The area between Portage Street and the Penn Central Railroad on the east side has a dense _ concentration of industrial and commercial land usage which continues northward through the city to the east of North Westnedge Avenue. South Westnedge Avenue has many commercial establishments along its entire length between Portage and Kalamazoo. The need for better access to the ,Western Michigan University Campus, as mentioned in other sections of this report, is also pointed up in reviewing the map of traffic generators. 1 I * Average Daily Traffic - 20 - I I �• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • TABLE 2 EXPOSURE FACTORS FOR MAJOR R.R . INTERSECTIONS Description of Location No. of Observed Trains Per Day * ADT@ Crossing Exposure Factor (No. Trains Penn Central @ Patterson Street (NYC Tracks) 4 9,100 36,400 Penn Central@ Patterson Street (Penn Tracks) 3 10,500 31,500 Penn Central @ Walbridge Street 13 3,000 39,000 Penn Central @ Pitcher St. 12 8,600 103,200 Penn Central @ Westnedge Avenue 6 10,100 60,600 Penn Central @ Stockbridge Avenue 3 8,400 25,200 10 6,100 61,000 Penn Central@ Lake Street (Penn Tracks) 7 6,100 42,700 Penn Central@ Cork Street (NYC Tracks) 8 9,500 76,000 Grand Trunk Western @ Miller Street 4 4,400 17,600 Penn Central @ Vande Giesen Road 5 9,400 47,000 Penn Central @ Portage St. 4 16,000 64,000 Penn Central @ Michigan Ave. 8 15,900 127,200 Penn Central @ West Main St. 3 19,900 59,700 Penn Central @ Lake Street (NYC Tracks) * Average Daily Traffic - 21 - X ADT)* �. MAP 7 8A""" COUNTY I I ~ I t • ~-tr1 i'J !) E . jJ T I' • 0 / ( \b.. l .../ KALAMAZOO COUNTY, MICHIGAN MAJOR TRAFFIC GENERATORS lEGENO -- @ COMMUCIAl IN0VSU!"I ;.;;·,',:.::;_':;,\' UNlVEUlTY - s11on,NG cu-i10 ............ ....... . . .:: ::-~•·:":.:·•::,·:::·· 1.·::~;: ,;,_, .............. . .................. ,,,~,. .. , ••••'"~ • •••••'••• o, h,,,.,. ,.I ·····•·..•··•.... 1•,,......... ... K A L AMAZOO METROPOLITAN COUNTY 22 PLANNING COMMISSION �•I I • •I • I I I I I I I I I I There are many points of congestion which are not revealed by such cursory inspection; but the ones pointed out here are mentioned because of the magnitude of the problem when the bulk of the generators is involved. A review of the volume maps and the volume to capacity ratios of the streets and roads in the area will bring many more isolated problems to light as the Maps 4 and 5, showing deficiencies, point out . PROJECTED LAND USE PATTERNS The land use patterns of an area, both present and future, are the primary dictators of what improvements are needed in that area's transportation network. The type and extent of use of the various segments of land create the travel demands of the area. The 1990 Land Use Plan, as shown in the Land Use Plan Report, illustrates the expected land use patterns for the next twenty years. This serves as a guide in the selection of which routes should be improved and the possible need for new streets or roads by indicating what future travel demands are likely to arise as well as which land will yield the most economical right-of-way. The results of using this information in the development of the alternative and final transportation networks for the Kalamazoo Area are discussed in later portions of this report. COMMUTING PATTERNS OF INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYEES A survey was made of the fifteen largest industries throughout the Kalamazo0 Metropolitan Area for the purpose of establishing the home location of the individual employees by industry in order to determine their commuting travel patterns. The commuting patterns were collected for the purpose of comparing the information resulting from the survey with the information collected and provided by the Michigan Department of State Highways in its origin and destination study of the Kalamazoo Metropolitan Area taken during the fall of 1966. The industries surveyed were grouped into common geographical areas and the home locations of the employees of the respective industries were plotted on a series of overlays, whereby desire lines were established from home to work. The information resulting from this study not only · provided desire line patterns of the employees of the major industries within the area, but also provided information relative to land use characteristics concerning residential concentrations and their relation to the industrial employment centers. Nine of fifteen employers within the metropolitan area employing more than 500 persons per industry were used in the study. Information from the other six employers having more than five hundred employees per firm could not be used for the reason that these firms had more than one plant location within the study area, and had no appropriate records - 23 - �designating the location of the plant at which each employee worked. However, of the nine industries used in the survey a total of 7,129 trip patterns were recorded. Map 8 indicates the results of this study. DEVELOPMENT OF THE FINAL PLAN INTRODUCTION The development of the interim proposals for the Kalamazoo County Transportation Plan will be covered in this portion of the report. Intermediate steps in the selection of the most desirable plan began with the refinement of the preliminary needs and the determination of class~fications and standards for development. Alternate plans were then established for the urban transportation network and evaluated according to their relative merits from various aspects to include: (a) (b) (c) (d) compatibility with plans of other governmental agencies distance and travel times feasibility from design and construction standpoints estimated costs The final selection was then made for a total transportation network to be implemented in stages from the present until its completion in 1990. The alternate urban transportation plans for sections of new construction, Maps 10 through 13, present approximate locations only. I I I I I I 1 I I I DETERMINATION OF CLASSIFICATION .I The streets and roads of the Kalamazoo Area have been organized into two systems of classification. These are the legal classification as shown in Map 9 and the functional classification as applied to the 1990 Interim Vehicular Circulation Concept for Kalamazoo County Map 14). The former system applies to Federal Aid Highways which are placed in one of three categories--Interstate, Federal Aid Primary (FAP), or Federal Aid Secondary (FAS). With minor exceptions, FAP and FAS highways form an interconnected network serving both urban and rural areas. However, the selection of individual routes of the Secondary System often has been influenced by the need for improvement and the availability of Federal funds rather than by service characteristics. The objective of the legal classification is to concentrate attention on important arterial facilities to assure their early improvement and facilitate travel. The functional classification has more significance in this study; and it is the one to be employed in applying the standards for development. Highway systems have been functionally classified in various terms by different governmental agencies. Because of the availability of material and associated data for Kalamazoo County, the Kalamazoo Metropolitan County Planning Commission has decided to apply the Federal Highway Functional Classification. This system places all - 24 - I I I I 1 I I I �• • • • • • • • • •I I I I I I I I I .., ... ~,, At..U;8AM COUNTV . ~ .. [ ) C ; ! ; ~ ~ ! ! 2 i: • ,,~,,a,11a ~ r • 7\ -• r ~ E E E Ii I I i • ~ \r i-- . r AIAhl 0 -- - ~ : : ... ! MAP 8 co l I - -+- -- I °' I';: 1 r t I t C - ?.,,,, ... ~-, --,, ~ - • " !Lr -'Jf,.•:_;.; ~ ~ - ~ - 01. \~) :.. .f.\ _,t__ v /' -'1,lA5 ·r - ... ·R~-(J _. eA ' • ·--, ·1 '" If ' - • l JI .i.l T- .A. J ;Ju l + 1 • T KALAMAZOO COUNTY, MICHIGAN j WORKING 1 TRIPS ................... ... ••• ,~,., .... , •·••· ............... (I,,., ......................... .... . , '"-•••·•••.. ••.... M,rn•o•••••••• , ''""'"' ' '·•t••• _, ............ ,... HI •• ,............. ,.i,.,_,,,.. •••"'" lor KALAMAZOO METROPOLITAN COUNTY - 25 - KMIUII Al$0CIA1U, INC,. A IH• l • I•• •I Cl'l'Ot I WIUIAMI & ASSOC .. I WC , IHOftS, PLANNING COMMISSION �~ I roads and streets into one of three broad groups according to the character of service they are intended to provide--Arterial, Collector ~ and Local Access. Discounting the last classification, which will not be considered in this study, the remaining groups are further subdivided into statewide and regional· arterial, local arterial, principal collector and secondary collector~ all as used in Map 14. The basis for formulating a functional classification of a particular route relies on the concept that the purpose of any street or highway is first, to move traffic and second, to provide access to property. All streets and roads serve both of these purposes in varying degrees. Arterial routes provide the highest degree of mobility and the least access to land, while collector routes offer a lower degree of mobility with increased access to adjacent land. Due consideration of such factors as distribution of trip lengths in a given area, volume of traffic, desirable operating speed and spacing of streets is the reason for further breakdown of the classifications. I I I ~ I ARTERIALS Statewide Arterials The primary function of Statewide Arterial Highways is to provide the highest level of traffic mobility available on the total highway system. These provide direct and unrestricted routings between major metro~ politan centers and principally serve movements between rather than· within activity areas. These are generally located in widely spaced corridors of concentrated travel desire and are characterized by: high capacity design thereby facilitating sustained high speeds; minimal ingress and egress; and, continuity of routing for regional or inter-regional travel movements. These facilities should serve the longest trip desires in an expeditious manner. These should also link and serve major sections of metropolitan areas, carrying a majority of the total arterial travel on a minimum mileage with the highest degree of service. The system of highways should include all sections of the Interstate Highway System. I Regional Arterials Regional Arterial Highways interconnect and augment the Statewide Arterial Highways, forming a continuous network of highways which will efficiently serve major travel desires in all areas of the state. A primary function is to inter-connect major population and economic activity centers not served by Statewide Arterial Highways. These highways also provide service to other large areas of special interest and recreation areas which generate or attract a substantial amount of traffic, occasionally subordinating directness of routing in order to perform this secondary function. However, these offer a high degree of trip continuity either alone or as an extension of the Statewide Arterial System. - 26 - I �I I I MAP 9 .... }~;!'-~!.. ! I,, • ""; ./·. · •I •...t= -;tt~"-'---v""'•~---iH;-~~--------'"'! ,.,. ,. ,: i I l l, I., I -l ~ ~ i..,- ..... 1M.J'AIAi- I •I I I I I ............·•···•'............. -······--· .......... ·-·--..·•··. ....................... .. ··-•··••·• ..·-•··· .... KALAMAZOO COUNT Y, MICHIGAN lfGENO ' - - .1,14/0• •OAD\ ------- UCO ... DAn EXISTING STREET NETWORK APPROVED FEDERAL AID SYSTEM .. 1969 m=-= 27 a •cAOS lEGE_ND 1,1111 INTERSTATE AND PRIMARY -PRIMARY ••••••· SECONDARY (STAT E) • • . ,. ,. SEC ON DARY (COUNTY) �Local Arterials Streets in this classification provide service to trips of moderate length at a somewhat lower level of travel mobility than the major arterials. They distribute travel within geographic areas which are smaller than those identified with the higher systems. Local Arterials include those facilities which serve a secondary arterial function at the local level, placing more emphasis on land access than the higher systems and offering a lower level of traffic mobility. They also provide service between smaller cities and connect these cities with the higher arterial systems. They should not, however, penetrate identifiable neighborhoods. COLLECTORS Principal Collectors Rural - These roads function primarily as collector-distributor roads for relatively large areas. These also provide service between minor population and economic centers within the county. Traffic mobility and trip continuity are not as essential as on Local Arterials and serving thru-traffic may not be a major consideration. Access controls are not provided on these routes thereby permitting a high level of service to adjacent properties. These streets may also serve secondary traffic generators such as schools, parks and areas with high population densities. I I I I I Urban - These streets serve as extensions to the rural collector routes. The primary function of these streets is to serve substantial traffic volumes, the majority of which are intra-urban area in character. These may provide proximity service to commercial, industrial and residential land uses. Accordingly, in commercial and industrial areas, these streets may be designed and constructed to accommodate heavy vehicles with provisions for additional illumination, pedestrian movements, parking lots and loading docks. These streets may also serve secondary traffic generators. Secondary Collectors Rural - The prime function of Secondary Collector Roads and Streets is to provide traffic service between Local Roads and Streets and higher classified routes. Traffic served will essentially be generated from a relatively large area, although this area will be substantially less than the service area of the Principal Collectors. Ease of access is a major consideration in the design of these streets. Route continuity is of limited importance since traffic will utilize these routes for only a small portion of their total trip length. Urban - Unlike principal collectors, urban secondary collectors do not serve as an extension of the Rural Secondary Collector, since the area they serve is limited. In residential areas, these facilities are designed to discourage through traffic. - 28 - I I I �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I CLASSIFIED MILEAGE The total highway system of Kalamazoo County is miles of streets and roads. Of this total, 564 urban areas while 1063 miles lie throughout the county. Further mileage consideration is given tiation is made by functional classification. URBAN CLASSIFICATION Statewide & Regional Arterial Local Arterial Principal Collector Secondary Collector made up of some 1627 miles are located in rural portions of the below where differen- RURAL 20.38 Miles 35.84 67.66 62.82 II II II 41.10 Miles 43.65 127.38 II 216. 87 II STANDARDS FOR DEVELOPMENT In order to provide for improvement of existing routes _in the transportation network and construction of new ones, certain standards must be established to which such sections of new or improved streets and roads must conform. Standardization~of the various classifications of routes serves a varity of purposes. It ensures the adequacy of all measures taken to upgrade the system and simplifies the preparation of plans and specifications for various construction contracts. From a less practical standpoint, it develops uniformity of the system, thus providing a certain degree of asthetic value. There are several typical sections contained in this report in Figures 1 through 7 illustrating the width of pavement, shoulder width, right-of-way, etc., to be adopted as standards for the different sections of both urban and rural routes. The only information necessary to determine which typical section is to be applied is the functional classification of the street or road in question and an approximate traffic volume on the portion being considered. The functional classification may be found in the plan on Map 14 and traffic volumes of the major streets are available from Maps 2 and 3. If the route in question is not shown in these figures; it will be necessary to either take a traffic count or estimate the volume. * The standards used in this report were obtained from the Michigan State Needs Study. - 29 - �----------------.... - • URBAN STATEWIDE ARTERIAL I PROPERTY I 6 O' _ L INE~~t------------'~'......_ 79' I MEDIAN 6-=.0_'- - - - - - - + t -...P-:-ROPERTY _ __ _ _ _-l--4~ t _ - ~ - - ----___:.1-=. LI NE 3' 36' 20' 24' 15' 12' I I I I 79' 20' Shi r. I I Pavement Curb J ~ 3-LANES 2-LANES MAXIMUM OEVELOPEMENT-6 LANES INTERMEDIATE DEVELOPEMENT-4 LANES FU LL ACCESS CONTROL DESIGN SPEED- 70 M. P.H. REGIONAL ARTERIAL MEDIAN 100' PROPE RTY LIN E 4' 28 1 36' 2 2' 28' PR oPERTY LIN E 100' ~ 40' - 12 24' - (2.' 28 1 4' I I I Curll -- Walk ~ a G1.1tter I I ~·. --~--- -· _.., ·,_. ·..·~:":.-.·, :: p --,-, I Curb 8 Gutt&r Pavement . .,, w 3-LANES Povemut .•:.: 4' :_.·,. ·- ~ ·.:-:.. _.:. ::;1 I Walk I ··~·--- 2-LANES MAXIMUM DEVELOPEMENT-6 LANES INTERMEDIATE DE VELO PE ME NT- 4 LANES ACCESS CONTROL- PARTIAL DESIGN SPEED-60M.P.H. 1969 SCH ELLIE ASSOCIATES, I NC. A Division of CLYDE E. WILLIAMS - 30 - a ASSOC.,INC., I NDPLS. ~ I I �• • • •I •I - LOCAL ARTERIAL a URBAN PRINCIPAL COLLECTORS PROPERT~Y -.l-o_ _ _ __ _ R_IG_H_T_-_0F_·_W_A_Y_;_(S_e_e_B_e1_o_w~ ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.....,.._P_ROPERTY LINE LINE 4' DIM. "A" .2' DI ht ''A" PAVEMENT WIDTH 4' , I I I ( I I/ Curb a Gutte r I Walk Walk Pavementl l .-.: :.•.·, It I :-:~··.~·.·1: ...._.. :·.:~:··.=.:..::,-: ~- .. ~~.. :A·;.:.: ~ , --1 I I I I I I I I I DESIGN PAV'T Ho. of w SPEE.D WIDTH LANES 1201 45' M.P.K 60 1 5 24' 86' 45'M .PH. 48' 4 13' 66 ' 45'M. P. H. 28' 2 13 RI DIM. "A" 1 SECONDARY COLLECTORS PR0PE.;.;. RT.:....Y.,___.,_ _ _ _ _ _ R-'-IG _ H_T_·..c.. 0 _F ....:·W .;.;.A_ Y~ (S::..::ec=-e..::cB~•l:...:.o..::.w.:....)_ _ _ _ ___,~PRc:..:0:..a.PERTY L I NE L I NE PAVEMENT WIDTH 4' DIM."A" 1:i!' I~ DIM. "A" 4' I I 1,,-Curb a Gi,tter (Pavement Walk ~t). I 11 ll~.L·:-~.---._,. . .,._. .,._ -: : ..::-::.-~::_-.:-:.,:-: ._.-~~:-:"? : :"?-~=1°: =1,:--:._. :·:-:... :::-,._~:~~ ·:""" ·=·.,.,. _'!-·:--#. :.-..LA •• "1w DESIGN PAV'T. No . of SPEED WIDTH LANES 100' 40'M.P.H. 60 ' 5 14' 86' 40'M.P.H. 48' 4 13' 66 1 30' M.P.H. 28 ' 2 13 1 JP;i,JII.: - DIM."A" 1969 SCH ELLIE ASSOCIATES, INC. A Di v, s l on of CLYDE E. WILLIAMS - 31 - a ASSOC.,INC., INDPLS. �RURAL a STATEWIDE ARTERIAL I 150 1 PRoPERT LINE 49' 20' 36 1 10' 8' REGIONAL ARTERIAL MEDIAN t. USO' 24 1 8' 39' 27' lcf hi¢ Shi PROPE~T LINE 49' 2d Shldr. I I I 3-LANES ~ 2 - LANES MAXIMUM DEVELOPEMENT-6 LANES DESIGN VOLUME -OVER 23,000A.D.T. 1 I LOCAL ARTERIAL Cf it_ MEDIANP PAVEMENT -~ I I ----------------- I 75 1 PROPERTY LIN i II' 10' 60' PROPERTY LINE 2! 12' Shldr. 10' 20' 18 1 2-LANES DESIGN VOLUME- OVER 5,000 A . D.T. OE SIGN VOLUME - 2,000 TO e,oooA .D.T. RIGHT- OF-WAY I !50' RIGHT-OF-WAY I 2 0 1 ACCESS CONTROL-NONE 1969 SCHELLIE ASSOCIATES, I NC. A Div i • ion of CLYDE E. WILLIAMS - 32 - I r ' Shldr. 4-LANES ~ I FULL TO PARTIAL ACCESS CONTROL i I I INTERMEDIATE DEVELOPEMENT- 4 LANES DESIGN VOLUME- 5,000 TO 23,000A.D,T. RIGHT-OF-WAY 300 I I I a ASSOC., INC., INDPLS. �1....-----------~--------- I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Figure 3 RURAL PRINCIPAL 8a SECONDARY COLLECTORS It't...(£_ PAVEMENT~I DIM."A" PROPE~R~T~Y-----~D~IM=·~"A~'-'_ ___.•~..LINE DIM ." C" DIM ."B" 6' Shldr. _!'lt,f'B" Shid PROPERTY LINE DIM'. 'C" 5' DIM'.'o Benn 11 SECTION MAIi 11 SECTION B ACCESS CONTROL- NONE DESIGN SECTION A VOLUME 2000 to enno 8 120' 2 41 10 1·Treattd 60' 12' 20' I8 100' 24' e'- eo• 121 20 1 10 86 1 2 4' 43' 12 1 Varies Vories 86 1 2 2' 43' I I' w PAV'T 11 DIM"A' DIM.11 8' 011.t"C" DIM. D11 1 A .D.T A B WIDTH SH LOR . WI OT H ll TYPE R1 400 to 790 A. D. T. 0 to 400A.0.T. Gravel 1 1969 Varies Varin SCH ELLIE ASSOCIATES, I NC. A Division of CLYDE E. WILLIAMS - 33 - a ASSOC.,INC., INDPLS. �. ~ I I I I I I :J I •• I MAP 10 BARRY COUNTY AL.Lf8JloN COUNTV ~ ' ~ ~~;~ii~ ~ • ! i - --Ir-- s ' R ; •• •~ I I Ii z •g -i I ~- ) r { r' r KALAMAZOO COUNTY, MICHIGAN LEGEND 1990 ALTERNATE TRANSPORTATION PLAN NO 1 A INTERCHANGE e Gll:,'0E &Et>ARAflON no .............. ,.,. ••• .•-l•••••t ................... _,,,.......... . ...... ............................ , ....,.... . ..... . ....... 1. ..... , •• • •• ,. , .. .,.:,,,., •••ij"••"•••••• . .................. ,u,,0!Hoo,i o0 KALAMAZOO METROPOLITAN - COUNTY 34 - PLANNING COMMISSION JI I I I I I I I I I I I �ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION PLANS • Alternative No. 1 (Map No. 10) Location - Plan No. 1 utilizes a business loop connecting with B.L. 131 at Westnedge Avenue and continuing east to the east side of the Riverside Cemetery and then turning south until it reaches East Michigan Avenue. From East Michigan Avenue the route must bend either east or west to clear the railroad wye and then bend back toward the Penn Central Railroad at Reed Street. The route returns to a southerly bearing until it is just south of Cork Street where i t turns west and parallels Cork Street and Whites Road to Oakland Drive. From the intersection of Oakland Drive and Whites Road the route runs northwesterly toward Nichols Road• Then midway between West Main Street and West Michigan Avenue i t turns north and runs along Nichols Road to Alamo Avenue. The loop is completed by running northeasterly to B.L. 131 where i t curves from a southeasterly bearing to an easterly bearing. An expressway is also incorporated which runs from U.S. 131 and "U" Avenue along the general location of Shaver Road to Romence Road and then along the Penn Central Railroad from Romence Road to B.L. 131. • • Improvements on West Main Street and Stadium Drive between the business loop and U.S. 131 as well as new construction connecting B.L. 94 a~d King Highway to the loop on the east side are also needed for the loon to function properly. -,,, Justification - Use of B.L. 131 on the north saves nearly half of the construction and right-of-way costs of the north leg. Location of the east leg is dictated by the necessity of avoiding construction in the Riverside Cemetery and also the desirability of by-passing the Penn Central Railroad wye and switch yards. The southern portion of the east leg follows the railroad and then runs south through a corrider of sparsely-developed land which can be acquired less expensively than other routes farther to the west. The area immediately south of Cork Street and Whites Road is not heavily developed and traffic studies indicate moderately heavy demands this far south, making this a good location for the south leg of the belt. The west leg of the business loop is located in such a manner as to avoid disrupting existing development Western Michigan University and yet provide convenient transportation between the university and the rest of the county. The northern portion of the west leg provides for minimal interference with the present land usage. Several existing highways are in need of realignment and reconstruction whether this loop is constructed or not-especially those on the east side of the city where East Michigan Avenue, King Highway and B.L. 94 cross the east leg of the proposed belt. The location of the east leg takes advantage of this situation by being far enough east that the connectors to these routes are not very long thereby resulting in savings on realignment costs. of - 35 - �.. MAP 11 l!IARl'tV COUNTY Au..J!:SAN COUNTY '; ' 5! := E E tJ 11 !:: -/\ E a ~ i Ji i; i E E E. ~ i:i w i; .-'-~~~-"-I--~-,.'--I - ½ ) __... 1 l• ; ~ ' < I / ' f:1 I I ~1 ~ l i g i R i ~ t r C I T 1i •' ' ~ KALAMAZOO COUNTY, MICHIGAN 1990 ALTERNATE TRANSPORTATION PLAN NO 2 th • .... LEGEND A INTERCHANGE ••••••••11o.,., ,..., ••••'"•-~••• ..••••••••• .. ••·••O•••• ........ _, ...................... .......... ,,._,,. _..,.,,.,.,h,•-"'' ....... ............. - ••• ,...... w, .. , ' ' ' " ... _uo ......... , •• o•o,Oo0 Pt o poro<II ~, KALAMAZOO METROPOLITAN COUNTY 36 - SCMllUE AUOCIAtU, INC, A Dh•h••~ of (\°n,f I WIUl<Uill & AHOC., IMC., ~ PLANNING COMMISSION I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I �The north-south expressway through the eastern portion of the CBD is provided primarily as a solution to the travel problems which exist between Portage and Kalamazoo. This will be a high type facility with full access control on the portion south of the south leg of the loop. Its location utilizes the lower cost land adjacent to the old NYCRR as much as possible. The loop as proposed will connect all major routes into Kalamazoo and provide convenient and efficient travel for traffic desiring to bypass the city as well as connecting all parts of the city with a highspeed route. Congestion in the CBD will be greatly relieved an<l maintenance costs on city routes reduced by the decreased traffic - particularly truck traffic. Land outside the belt will become more attractive from a development aspect since travel between it and Kalamazoo will be improved. ~ • Alternative No. 2 (Map No.11) Location - Plan No. 2 is identical to Plan No. 1 with the exception of the south leg of the business loop and the deletion of the expressway between Portage and Kalamazoo in favor of one farther to the west. The southern portion of the east leg runs south from King Highway at its bend from an east-west to a northwest-southeast alignment west of the railroad wye and continues until it is south of Reed Street where it turns west and follows an alignment parallel to Howard Street to its intersection with Stadium Drive. The expressway to the Portage area follows Oakland Drive from where it intersects West Michigan Avenue until it reaches Howard Street. It then runs on a generally southern bearing along a line just east of Pikes Pond and Whites Lake until it intersects B.R. 131. Justification - In general the reasons for locating Plan No. 2 in this manner are the same as those for Plan No. 1. By moving the south lea up to Howard Street it is possible to decrease the required mileage of new construction by approximately 2½ miles without sacrificing a great deal in the service which it will provide. The expressway to the Portage area is also less expensive because it calls for 5-6 miles less new construction; and its route is such that not much disruption of heavily developed land is required. The use of Oakland Drive for a portion of it also contributes to the economy of this route. Alternative No. 3 (Map No.12) Location - Plan No. 3 is based on a business loop with the east leg of it formed by the same route as described in Plan No. 1 for serving the Portage area. The only variation in the Portage route is that the route would stay east of the NYCRR until it crossed it about 3/4 mile above Schoolcraft and then connect to U.S. 131 just north of Schoolcraft. The south leg parallels Howard Street from the NYCRR to - 37 - �MAP 12 l!JAFU'l:V COUNTY l a ~ ~ ~ I '' '' I I I I I I I I I I wu Hl!lilll I I I / . ~- ,. ( ' ~ R ~ t· ! j ~ , ~ ! ~ - i ! g _J } ·) I . ,.,,, 7 ! I -rl- r--T a ~ ! ! i ' ' i KALAMAZOO COUNTY, MICHIGAN 1990 ALTERNATE TRANSPORTATION PLAN NO 3 :;::::.::i:.,..••....,·:....,""::.:.~ •••••..•.... , .:::......... ....,..... ............... ..._........._,.". ,....... ,,,.. ,., .,_...,. 0,, . . , ~ ....,.,. ,.._ _ .. ,n,...,._.,,,.,,• - KALAMAZOO METROPOLITAN - COUNTY 38 - PLANNING i I COMMISSION i ' I , I I I I I I I �• • ■ B. L. 94 and turns north along an alignment which is approximately the same as that of Campbell Avenue to form the west leg of the loop. The north leg alignment follows a line north of Patterson Stree t and parallel to it. S.R. 43, East Main Street, King Highway and B.L. 94 on the east side will all require improved alignment in making connections with the east leg of the loop. Justification - The smaller loop presented in this plan would make travel from one side of the city to the other more attractive than using the existing through routes since a driver does not need to travel such an indirect route as with the larger loop. It must be observed, however, that this smaller loop results in no savings in mileage because of the need to reconstruct the routes leading to it on the east side. Plan No. 3 has 27 miles of construction--either new or improvements of existing roads--as compared with 27 miles in Plan No. 1 and 18 miles for Plan No. 2. This loop dies very little to encourage development of the less developed land bordering the city because it doesn't reach out far enough to decrease travel time between these areas and the CBD. Improvement of the connections to routes on the east side should be made whether the loop is constructed or not; and so these costs are not directly a result of this specific plan. This is also true of the last mile of construction on the expressway through Schoolcraft which is needed regardless of whether the entire expressway is built. Alternative No. 4 (Map No.13) Location - Plan No. 4 is composed basically of two north-south and two .east-west routes through Kalamazoo. One north-south route on the east side is the same as that proposed in Plan No. 1 to serve the Portage area except that in Plan No. 4 this route ends at the intersection of Westnedge Avenue and the NYCRR tracks north of Center St. The northsouth route on the west side is the existing route of Douglas Avenue from B.R. 131 and its extension southward to Oakland Drive. On the north side an east-west route follows the alignment of Parsons and Mable Streets from S.R. 43 at Riverview Drive to the intersection of Douglas Avenue and Alamo Avenue. The remaining east-west route on the south side runs from the intersection of King Highway and B.L. 94 to Stadium Drive along an alignment approximately the same as Walnut Street. Justification - This is the least costly of any of the plans presented since very little right-of-way must be acquired. The routes follow existing streets for the most part; and even if total reconstruction were involved, which is not the case, only 16 miles of streets and roads are involved. The practicality of total reconstruction is subject to question because of the cost of additional right-of-way and the degree of disruption which this would entail. The plan has merit - 39 - �MAP 13 15A"l'tV COUNTY ~~~i~f~i~f ~t, ~ !g•iRA ' '' ' ~ S K 3 I I I I I I I ./ ~ ' €) - . ' - -~ -- ' )t ._.____,, t . r ._, f a 1 -- i-~ I I I I l!;\~1( I KALAMAZOO COUNTY, MICHIGAN 1990 ALTERNATE TRANSPORTATION PLAN NO 4 I ........ .. ,1 ••• • ,.,. . . . ••• "•oulo•, .,.• .. ••••••• ••••••••O•••• .....................••••••h" ........... .. .. ....... n, ,, .......,.. ...., ............ .. .. , . . . 0DOOO H H OO Ol ... 0 '1 0 0 000 U, ooo oui.,,..-, o,,,,.. ~ KALAMAZOO METROPOLITAN - 40 COUNTY PLANNING COMMISSION I I �• • • • • ,. • • • • • • • • in its ability to provide at least a stop-gap type of solution to many of the existing transportation problems for a minimum expenditure. With partial access control these improvements will serve as continuous routes through the city by connecting the arterials into the city; and also serve the CBD by permitting access to it from the major downtown streets. This plan is far from an ultimate solution to the transportation problem; but it is certainly worth considering as an early step toward relieving some of the present congestion and will continue to be a valuable supplement to any more sophisticated transportation network which might be implemented in the more distant future. PLANS OF OTHER GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES In order to avoid duplication of efforts, as well as possible conflicts, in analyzing the needs of the system and proposing future transportation plans, it is necessary to determine what information is available and what plans have been formulated by the various governmental agencies involved in the area. This would possibly involve the programs of adjacent counties and the State agencies as well as those within Kalamazoo County. Meetings have been held with representatives of all concerned agencies and their comments solicited in regard to any proposals under consideration. The result of these meetings has been a coordinated effort toward the arrival at solutions to many problems which now exist in the area. DESCRIPTION OF THE FINAL TRANSPORTATION PLAN Urban In selecting the most desirable of the alternative transportation plans, portions of the four urban plans which have already been described were selected and combined with some routes not previously considered to form what is felt to be an optimum total transportation system for Kalamazoo County. Graphic representations of the following description of that system is found in the 1990 Interim Vehicular Circulation Concept (Map 14) . In the legend for this map the term "proposed corridor" refers to sections of new construction. These are approximate locations only and will most certainly deviate from the route indicated at some locations when more detailed information becomes available from preliminary route location surveys. It should be noted also that for reference purposes, each section of new construction has been arbitrarily assigned a "section number" which in no way pertains to the order of proposed construction. The heart of the system, as with the other systems considered, is a loop of expressways encircling the central portion of Kalamazoo and an expressway connecting Kalamazoo with the Portage Area. The proposed loop is described as follows: Beginning at the intersection of B.R. 131 and Westnedge Avenue and continuing in an easterly direction along the north side of Riverside Cemetery to its east boundary; thence southerly along the east boundary of Riverside Cemetery and southwesterly along the general line of the NYCRR tracks to the intersection with Reed Street; thence west along a line south of and parallel to Reed Street as far as Stadium Drive; thence making a curve from west - 41 - �to north and continuing in a northerly direction along Nichols Street and Nichols Street extended to the south; thence making a curve from a northerly to an easterly bearing beginning at the intersection of Nichols Street and Ravine Road and following a line south of and parallel to "G" Avenue as far as the Penn R.R.; thence southerly along the Penn RR to B.R. 131 extended to the east which is approximately 1/2 mile east of the point of beginning of this description. The east leg of the loop described above extends to the north about 2 miles north of "G" Avenue and runs south along the NYCRR from Howard Street to "P" Avenue and then turns southeast toward the point where Long Lake Drive passes between Long Lake and Austin Lake. It then follows Long Lake Drive to a point about 1 mile north of the GTWRR and curves around the east and south corporate limits of Vicksburg and terminates at 24th Street south of the Penn RR crossing. The north leg of the loop continues to the east along "G" Avenue from the Penn RR to the intersection of 25th Street and "G" Avenue. There are several factors which have an influence on the selection of this ultimate transportation network; and in most cases a location chosen on the basis of any single factor will be in direct opposition to at least one of the other factors which needs to be considered. The optimum solution to the problem of selecting a location for a proposed segment of road or street, therefore, must be a compromise of the criteria used in making such a determination. Above all other. considerations, a route must be capable of carrying traffic between the points which are indicated to be the desired origin or destination of a significant volume of vehicles. The route should achieve this purpose in a safe, efficient and economical manner and with a minimum disruption of the already established land use in order to preserve the status quo of the social and economic conditions of the area involved. While striving not to disturb the existing conditions, the route must be one which will serve the future demands created by population growth and the expansion of developed land. The selection of the route for a loop around the city was governed by first determining what distinct limitations were placed on the choice of a route by the existing land use in the city. Foremost among such items were the location of Riverside Cemetery, Kalamazoo State Hospital, Western Michigan University and the railroads. These were considered to be areas to be avoided if at all possible; and in doing so, much of the loop falls into a fairly evident location. By looking at the information from Origin & Destination studies, traffic volume data and the existing transportation system, the selection becomes even more limited. For a business loop to fulfill its purpose it should be far enough from the CBD to collect traffic from the routes leading to the CBD before they become congested and distribute the traffic to its various destinations. It must, on the other hand, not be so distant from the CBD that its use is discouraged because a driver can reach his destination more efficiently by continuing to use the existing routes. In general, a driver must travel - 42 - I I I I I I I I I I I I �• • • • ,, farther when using the loop; but the distance travel is offset by the fact that he is able to reach his destination in less time and with more driving comfort than was possible under the previous conditions. When this is not the case, the loop has failed to serve its intended purpose. The east leg of the loop is located so as to by-pass Riverside Cemetery, clear the NCYRR wye and then follow the railroad south to "P" Avenue. Land along the railroad right-of-way provides lower cost right-of-way due to its undesirability for residential developme~t. Connections to arterials on this side are made before these routes merge and become completely congested. The south leg avoids the State Hospital and Western Michigan University and then turns north by-passing W.M.U. on its west side yet provides an urgently needed access to the university. The loop continues northward to Barney Road where it begins a curve to the east with the curve becoming an easterly tangent a little west of the intersection of Douglas Avenue and "G" Avenue. Development of the land in this northwest corner of the belt should become more attractive with the access provided to it. The north leg passing through Parchment and ending at 25th Street will do the same for this area as well as serving the areas which are already being used. Completing the loop is the southern segment of a new route along the Penn RR from B.R. 131 extended to the east and running north to a point about l¼ miles south of "D" Avenue. From the south end of this route an extension of U.S. 131 runs along the north side of Riverside Cemetery and connects with the east leg of . the loop. The loop as proposed achieves several goals and does so in an economical manner. It connects all major routes through the city making quick access possible to any part of the city. It permits through traffic to by-pass the city; and it will serve to create future development of land which is not presently attractive for development. The location of the loop encompasses the area of the highest traffic volumes with a few exceptions. Connections to the loop and provision for travel within the area bounded by the loop are the function of sections 21, 23, 24, 25 and 26. Sections 14 and 15, in conjunction with section 12, serve the Portage area and Vicksburg with a high speed limited access route having six lanes on section 14 and two lanes on section 15. Traffic volumes are sufficient to justify the six-lane section if only the present traffic is considered. Rural Most of the proposed new rural highways in the county are relatively short segments which serve one of two purposes -- improved alignment of existing roads or completion of gaps in existing roads, thereby forming continuous routes across the county. In addition to these purposes which are the predominant ones, some sections of the proposed routes provide a by-pass of urban areas for faster and safer travel or serve as connectors between the county and state routes and the urban areas. - 43 - �The alignment of Sixth and Eighth Streets has been improved and a continuous north-south route formed on the west side of the county. Twelfth Street is made continuous along the west edge of Kalamazoo. Long Lake Drive and Twenty-fourth Street will join into a continuous north-south facility alon~ the east side of Kalamazoo. A continuous north-south route is possible with improved alignment by the new segments connecting Thirty-second, Thirty-fourth and Thirty-sixth Streets through the eastern portion of the county. East-west trans-county facilities are provided by the following roads when connected with the appropriate proposed segments: "D" Avenue and S.R. 89 cross the northern portion of the county; "H" and "G" Avenues on the north side of the city; S.R. 96 and S.R. 43 pass through the center of the city. "MN" and "N" Avenues serve the east half of the county on the south edge of Kalamazoo. "Q" Avenue and Centre Avenue serve central Portage, and "W" Avenue crosses southern Kalamazoo County without any new construction involved. State Roads 43 and 96 are rerouted to by-pass the central portion of Richland; and in the same manner U.S. 131 and Long Lake Drive bypass Schoolcraft and Vicksburg, respectively. Part of 'the route proposed to by-pass Kalamazoo and Parchment on the north-east side is already under construction and will form a completed facility when joined with the subsequently proposed section at its north end. 'I'he grid system resulting from the previously described roads is su.ch that the maximum distance between parallel trans-county roads is six miles. This means that no point in the county is more than three miles from a through route in any direction; and in the majority of cases the distance is only half of this. I I I I I I I I I I I A summary of the proposed sections for new construction is presented in the following table. As previously stated, the corresponding section numbers have .been arbitrarily assigned and in no way pertain to the order of proposed construction. COST ESTIMATES An estimate was made on the cost of right-of-way and construction for each section of road or street proposed in the "1990 Interim Vehicular Circulation Concept" (Map 14); and is shown in Table 6 along with the proposed surface, right-of-way width, length and functional classification. Construction costs are based on current average prices for highway construction and will undoubtedly be subject to subsequent inflation. Cost of right-of-way is much less predictable without extensive investigation of the individual parcels to be acquired. It is stressed that the estimated costs of right-of-way are strictly approximations and should not be accepted as anything more than this. Average values were used for urban right-of-way having three varying degrees of development and one value for average rural right-of-way as indicated on page 52. Land use maps were used to provide additional - 44 - I �• • • - • • • • • • • • • • information in regard to location of houses, industry, commercial uses, etc.; and adjustments made in the usage of average costs where this appeared equitable. A total cost for construction and right-of-way for the thirty-nine . sec~ions was estimated to be $33,324,000 and $15,650,000, respectively. This gives a total cost of $48,974,000 and includes eleven in~erchanges • - 45 - �9,_A,.V COUN TV r. ~ i & A t: ~ E E l 1l ~ ~ ' = E i ~ Ii ~ I ~ E ~ MAP 14 i i I I I I I : .i •• I I I 'i ~§ -0 ~ UY r t I T ojj -..L--- . .. 1 ,l-., ..- , e P_,__.. I I I I I I I ~ ~ ! ! r r !! KALAMA ZOO COUNTY, MICHIGAN ·••* - * ~ STATEWIDE AND REGIONAL A.RTElt\AL LOCAL ARTERIAL -•- * -* 1990 PRINCIPAL COLLECTOR SECOND,\IIY COLLECTOR - INTERlM PROPOSED CORRIDOR VEHICULAR EXISTING INTER.CHANGE PROPOSED INTERCHANGE EXISTING OVERPASS CIRCULATION ............... ,,.... ............ .. ,..... ............ .,.,.... ...... ,_ .. ...... . . . ........... . ...... . _ ........ ,........ .. .,...... ..... . ........... . .. _ CONCEPT PROPOSED OVERPASS SECTION LIMITS SECTION NUMBER * . . . . . . ... ,. . . .. . . . .... . . . W• h • CLASSIF1CAllON CONSISTENr WITH , MICHIGAN HIGHWAY NEEDS STUDY ~ KALAMAZOO METROPOLITAN -46- COUNTY PLANNING COMMISSION �I I • • - I • • • • • • TABLE 3 PROPOSED SECTIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION SECTION NO . NAME PURPOSE 1 6th St. from "H" Avenue to "KL" Provides a continuous N-S route on the west side of the county by connecting existing sections of the road. 2 8th St. from I-94 to approx.l mi. s. of I-94 Giving improved alignment of 8th St. by removal of 2 right-angle bends in existing alignment. 3 Romence Road at U.S. 131 E. and W. sides of U.S. 131. 4 17th St.from Milham Road to Shaver Ave. To serve local N-S traffic in Portage area. 5 "U" Ave. from 22nd St. to 23rd Street Better alignment by removal of two rt.angle bends in existing road. 6 36th St. from S.Co. Line to "Y" Avenue To provide a continuous N-S route on the E. side of Co. which will connect this area with arterials and state routes. 7 36th St. from rt. angle jog to E. at S.end to "XY" Ave. Removal of two rt.angle jogs in existing alignment and same as Section 6. 8 42nd St.from "P" Ave.to "Q" Avenue Removal of rt.angle jogs to provide improved alighment and form a continuous N-S route in the S.E. portion of the county. 9 "D" Ave.from 24th Street to 27th St. To provide a continuous E-W route across the N.side of the county and also to give this portion of Kalamazoo County access to U.S.131 and to Richland as well as to N-S primary collectors leading to Kal . 10 Colony Farm Rd.from Parkview Ave.to S . of U.S. 131. Providing a continuous N-S route on the far W.side of the City of Kalamazoo. - To permit through travel between 47 - �TABLE 3 CONTINUED SECTION NO. PURPOSE NAME 11 One-way interchange at B.R.131 and U.S. 131 Change one-way interchg. to twoway interchg.in order to permit traffic leaving Kalamazoo on B.R.131 to travel S. as well as N . on U . S . 13 1 . 12 "Portage Expy." from B.R.131 to Edgemoor Avenue To serve as a by-pass of the CBD and to form the northern portion of an expy.between Kalamazoo and Portage. 13 Portage Rd. from Lake St.to Whites Rd. To improve Portage Rd.in order to permit the heavy traffic flow from Lovers Lane and Portage Rd. to operate efficiently. 14 "Portage Expy." from Edgemoor Ave.to Centre Avenue To provide a transportation route which will serve the heavy demands for travel between Portage and Kalamazoo. 15 "Portage Expy." from Centre Ave.to "X" Ave. Connecting the south-central portion of the county with the "Portage Expy." and also for. travel between Portage and Vicksburg. 16 "P" Ave.from Westnedge Ave.to Sprinkle Road To provide a continuous E-W route from Colony Farm Rd.thru Portage 17 "S.W.Bus.Loop"from Portage Expy.to Ravine Rd To serve as a by-pass on the south and west side and also to improve access to West.Mich.University. 18 "N.S.Bus.Loop"from Ravine Rd.to 25th St. To serve as a by-pass on the north side and to connect the Parchment area with state routes and routes into Kalamazoo. 19 Sprinkle Rd.Extension from Lester Rd. to "G" Avenue (already constructed) Serves as a portion of a by-pass around the N.E. side and also completes a gap which gives a continuous N-S route thru the county on the near east side. 20 "Northern Expy. "from 25th St.to U.S.131 To provide a high-speed fully controlled access route around the north and east side which will connect with U.S. 131. - 48 - I I I I I I I I I - • �I TABLE 3 CONTINUED SECTION NO. NAME - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -PURPOSE -----------21 N-S Expy.E.of Westnedge To serve as a continuation of the Ave.from "G" Av. to N.W. "Portage Expy. "in order to connect Business Loop it with the "Northern Expy." 22 -II one-way Interchg.at I-94 and B.L.94 on the east side Change existing one-way interchg. to two-way in order to make travel possible from B.L.94 outbound to I-94 westbound. 23 "King Hwy.Ext."from "Portage Expy."to Stadium Drive II To serve as an E-W route across the southern oortion of the CBD forming a continuous route in conjunction with King Hwy.and Stadium Drive. 24 "S.R.43 Ext."from River- To serve as an E-W route across view Dr.to Douglas Av. the northern portion of the CBD forming a continuous route by connecting S.R.43 w/Douglas Ave. 25 "Douglas Ave.Ext." from Alamo Avenue to Oakland Drive 26 Ravine Rd. from Nichols St.to intersection of Douglas Avenue and Patterson Street I I r •I ,, To provide a continuous N-S route on the west side of the CBD by connecting Oakland Dr. and Douglas Avenue Same as Section 24 27 "H" Avenue from U.S. 131 to Nichols St. Same as Section 24 & Section 26 28 "King Hwy.Ext." from "Portage Expy." to B.L. 94 Same as Section 23 29 Drake Road from "KL" Ave.to W.Mich.Ave. Same as Section 10 30 U.S.131 by-pass of Schoolcraft from Little Sugar Loaf Lake to S. County Line. By-pass Schoolcraft for purposes of safety and travel convenience. 31 Relocated S.R.89 from Richland to the NYCRR Provide improved alignment of S.R.89 and also permits by-passing the center of Richland for reasons of safety and convenience. - 49 - �TABLE 3 CONTINUED SECTION NO. PURPOSE NAME 32 Relocated S.R.43 from the N.corp.limits of Richland to its S. corp.limits By-pass center of Richland for reasons of safety and convenience 33 Connector between 32nd & 34th Sts.from "J" to "K" Avenue To provide a continuous N-S route thru the center of the eastern 1/2 of the County. 34 Realignment of 34th St.by connecting 34th and "N" Ave.to 34th and "MN" Ave. Eliminates two rt.angle turns and serves same purpose as Sec.33. 35 37th St.Connector to I-94 Provides improved alignment of existing connection between I-94 and Augusta Drive 36 Connector from 34th St. and "Q" Ave. to 36th St. and "R" Av. To form a continuous E-W route by connecting "Q" and "R" Aves. and a continuous N-S route by connecting 34th and 36th Streets. 37 S.R.37 from "C" Ave. at E.Co.line to 46th St. at N.Co.line New location of S.R. 37 38 "Q" Ave.from 32nd St. to Long Lake Dr. To provide a continuous E-W route across the south-central portion of the county. 39 42nd St.between "S" and "ST" Avenue Provide improved alignment information in regard to location of houses, industry, commercial uses, etc.; and adjustments made in the usage of average costs where this appeared equitable. A total cost for construction and right-of-way for the thirty-nine sections was estimated to be $33,324,000 and $15,650,000, respectively. This gives a total cost of $48,974,000 and includes eleven interchanges. - 50 - · I I I I �'l'ABLE 4 CONSTRUCTION COSTS No. of 12' Lanes * Cost per Mile Cost per Mile of Bit.Pav't.* of Con.Pav't.* 2 $105,600 $211,200 3 $158,400 $316,800 4 $211,200 $422,400 5 $264,000 $528,000 6 $316,800 $633,600 Based on $7.50/sq.yd. for bituminous pavement and $15.00/sq.yd. for concrete pavement. 7040 sq.yds.per 1 mile 12' pavement. Diamond Interchange: $800,000 (incl.bridge) Grade Separation: (24' County Road over Interstate) $200,000 $150,000 $350,000 Bridge Approaches TABLE 5 RIGHT-OF-WAY COSTS R/W Width I I I I I I - Acres/Mile of Road Basic Values Used for R/W Cost 66' 7.999 Acre 86' 10.424 Acre Rural $1,000/Ac 100' 12.121 Acre Urban (low developed or along RR) $2,000/Ac 120' 14.545 Acre 150' 18.182 Acre 320' 38.788 Acre Urban (intermediate development) $10,000/Ac Urban (highly developed CBD)$30,000/AC Diamond Interchange (avg. R/W) 45-50 Acres - 51 - �TABLE 6 COST ESTIMATES FOR PROPOSED SECTIONS SEC. FUNCTIONAL LENGTH (MILE) CLASS. NO. 1. 2. Sec. Coll. Sec. Coll. 2 2/3 R/W COST R/W 100' 100 1 I 3 Sec.Coll. 1/2 120' 4 Sec.Coll. 2 5/6 66' 5 6 7 8 9 Sec. Coll. Sec.Coll. Sec.Coll. Sec. Coll. Sec.Coll. 2/3 5/6 2/3 1 2/3 1 1/2 SURFACE ( $) 66' 66' 66' 66' 66' CONSTR. TOTAL ( $) ( $) I I I ,ooo I 122,000 2-Lane Bit. 282,000 404 12,000 2-Lane Bit. 106,000 118,000 1 60,000 Bit. 350,000 410,000 ~ 90,000 2-Lane Bit. 299,000 389,000 5,000 2-Lane Bit. 70,000 75,000 7,000 2-Lane Bit. 88,000 95,000 ~ 5,000 2-Lane Bit. 70,000 75,000 '1 13,000 2-Lane Bit. 176,000 ~89 ,ooo I 12,000 2-Lane Bit. 158,000 170,000 1 I I • 10 Sec.Coll. 1 66' 11 I N T E R C H A N G E 12 Loe. Art. 3 1/3 120' 13 Loe.Art. 1 1/2 120' 6 14 Loe.Art. 15 Prin.Coll. 7 1/6 * 60,000* 120' 100 354,000 2-Lane Bit. I 4,275,000*6-Lane 5,039,000 Con. 229,000 4-Lane Con. 3,600,000*6-Lane 3,902,000 Con. 147,000 2-Lane Con. Figures represent interchange costs. - 52 - 106,000 500,000* 560,000j 3,200,000* 5,418,000 10,457,000 634,000 863,000 2,400,000* 5,779,000 9,681,000 1,514,000 1,661,000 • �• -~ -I I I I I I I I I TABLE 6 Continued SEC. FUNCTIONAL LENGTH (MILE) CLASS. NO. 16 17 18 19 Sec. Coll. Loe.Art. Loe.Art. Loe.Art. 2 1/2 5 6 3 R/W COST R/W 120' 120' 120' 120' 20 Loe.Art. 7 1/3 120 21 Loe.Art. 3 120' 22 I N T E R C H A N G E 23 Loe.Art. 24 25 26 27 Loe.Art. Loe.Art. Loe.Art. Loe.Art. 1 1/3 2 2 1 5/6 1 5/6 I 100' 66' I 86' 28 Loe.Art. 1 86 29 Sec. Coll. 1/3 66' 30 31 * Stwd.Art. Loe.Art. 6 3 2/3 103,000 1,455,000 467,000 134,000 I 320' 120' 323,000 485,000 97,000 30,000 9,000 233,000 53,000 Figures represent interchange costs. - 53 - ( $) 367,000 4-Lane Con. 2,112,000 3,567,000 4-Lane Con. 2,534,000 3,001,000 2-Lane Con. 634,000 768,000 4-Lane Con. 2,800,000* 2,349,000 2,741,000 1,267,000 53,000* 1,354,000 103,000* 4-Lane Con. 563,000 886,000 4-Lane Con. 845,000 1,330,000 2-Lane Con. 422,000 519,000 2-Lane Con. 282,000 312,000 2-Lane Con. 387,000 396,000 1,350,000* 4-Lane 1,442,000 Con. 3,000 TOTAL ( $) 264,000 225,000* 2-·Lane 392,000 Con. 87,000 CONSTR. 2-Lane Bit. 50,000* 100' 66 SURFACE ($) 800 ,000* 1,011,000 2,453,000 2-Lane Bit. 35,000 38,000 4-Lane Con. 2,535,000 2,768,000 2-Lane Con. 704,000 757,000 �TABLE 6 SEC. FUNCTIONAL LENGTH (MILE) CLASS NO. R/W 32 120' 33 34 35 Sec. Coll. Sec. Coll. Sec. Coll. 2/3 1 1/6 2/3 1 2/3 Prin.Coll. 1 1/3 36 Stwd.Art. 37 38 39 Loe.Art. 1 5/6 Prin.Coll. 4 5/6 Sec. Coll. T O T A L S 5/6 R/W COST ($) 19,000 66' 9,000 66' 5,000 66' 13,000 100' 16,000 320' 71,000 100' 90,000 66' - Continued 7,000 $15,650,000 SURFACE CONSTR. ($) TOTAL ( $) ~ ~ 4-Lane Con. 282,000 301,000 2-Lane . Bit. 123,000 132,000 2-Lane Bit. 70,000 75,000 2-Lane Bit. ~ 176,000 189,000 2-Lane Bit. 141,000 157,000 4-Lane Con. 387,000 458,000 2-Lane Bit. 510,000 600,000 I I I 2-Lane Bit. 88,000 95,000 ~ I 1 $33,374,000 $48,974,000 t ~ I• -I STAGING OF THE PROPOSED PLAN After establishing the final form of the most desirable transportation plan, it becomes necessary to determine at what stage of the twentyyear period of construction each segment should be completed. This program would, by necessity, be somewhat flexible; but it would serve as a general guide for the completion of the system. There are four factors to be considered in formulating a schedule of priorities for the different sections of the transportation network. Most important of these is the determination of which sections will relieve existing congestion and parallel the growth rates of the population and the projected land use patterns. Secondly is the rate at which funds will become available for construction purposes. In addition to these two factors, it is necessary to coordinate the proposed projects with others related to them and to ascertain whether there will be a sufficiPnt staff available within the involved agencies to implement the plan according to the schedule. - 54 - I I -I I I �-I -I I I I I I I I I With these factors in mind, a tentative schedule of construction has been arrived at for the next twenty years and is shown in Table 7. This does not specify which projects will be done each year, but places the various sections in categories accordinq to the priority which they should receive. There is no set order of priority within each category. The sections are merely listed in numerical order according to the numbering system assigned to map 14 . The categories indicate whether the section should be constructed early in the program, delayed until midway through it or given consideration only in the last stages of the twenty-year period. The governing factor in the staging of the plan is the degree to which existing circulation problems and those which will arise in the immediate future will be alleviated by construction of the section under consideration. This is not to say that the cost, manpower, etc. relative to the sections were not weighed; but these are subordinate to . the primary objective of developing an efficient transportation system. It is of no value to build a section for which the present need is low merely because it is compatible with the present budget, while a badly needed section is shelved until more money is available. If the development of land use patterns and population concentrations in the future fail to follow the lines which at present seem the most reasonable to expect, it will necessitate a reappraisal and subsequent revision of the staging as it is now presented. It is suggested that those projects ear-marked for the early stages of the program be implemented as soon as possible even if they impose a heavy burden from financial and administrative aspects. The con-' struction of sections 12 and 14 as proposed during the earliest years of the program creates the greatest financial strain on the funds available for the project. Their combined cost of $20 million accounts for more than forty percent of the total cost due to the presence of seven interchanges on these sections. For this reason it would appear desirable to delay this construction until the later stages. However, the immediate needs to be served by these two sections and their interconnection with other early projects precludes such an approach. High traffic volumes between Portage and Kalamazoo necessitate early implementation of section 14; while the key to relief of the east side congestion of the Kalamazoo CBD lies in the early construction of section 12. Other proposed sections within the CBD must necessarily follow construction of section 12 in that their intended purpose could not be served without it . The benefits to be realized from such early implementation will more than equal the expenditures which must be made. Even those sections scheduled for the intermediate period should be completed as early as possible since they tend in general to augment the early stages and cause them to provide their fullest benefits. It is with some reservation that the suggestion is made that those sections scheduled for the last stages of the plan might be postponed until a later time than now expected if it is found that they create an excessive drain on the available funds or manpower at that time. There is no intention to convey the impression that completion of these sections would be an extravagance. They are justifiable projects which should be developed as soon as possible, but their value is not comparable to that of the earlier projects and so they merit less attention than the more critical projects. - 55 - �TABLE 7 TENTATIVE CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE FOR PROPOSED 1990 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Sec. No. 12 1970 Construction Cost Name "Portage Expy." from B.R. 131 to Edgemoor Avenue $10,457,000 "Portage Expy." from Edgemoor Ave.to Centre Avenue $ 9,681,000 "S.W.Bus.Loop" from "Portage Expy." to Ravine Rd. $ 3,567,000 "King Hwy.Ext." from "Portage Expy." to Stadium Dr. $ 886,000 "S.R.43 Ext." from Riverview Dr. to Douglas Avenue $ 1,330,000 "Douglas Ave.Ext." from Alamo Ave.to Oakland Dr. $ 519,000 "King Hwy.Ext." from "Portage Expy." to B .L. 94 $ 2,453,000 TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST TO DATE $ 28,893,000 17th St. from Milham Road to Shaver Avenue $ 389,000 One-way interchange at B.R.131 and U.S. 131 $ 560,000 Portage Rd. from Lake St. to Whites Road $ 863,000 Sprinkle Rd.Ext. from Lester Rd. to "G" Avenue $ 768,000 One-way interchange at I-94 and B.L.94 on the east side $ 103,000 14 17 23 24 25 28 4 11 13 19 22 TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST TO DATE - 56 - $ 31,576,000 Anticipated Date of Completion 1978 1980 �TABLE 7 CONTINUED Sec. No. 3 10 16 18 20 26 27 29 1970 Construction Cost Name Romence Road at U.S. 131 $ 410,000 Colony Farm Rd.from Parkview Ave.to S. of U.S. 131 $ 460,000 "P" Ave.from Westnedge Avenue to Long Lake Drive $ 367,000 "N.W.Bus.Loop" from Ravine Rd. to 25th Street $ 3,001,000 "Northern Expy." from 25th St. to U.S. 131 $ 2,741,000 Ravine Rd. from Nichols Street to intersection of Douglas Ave. and Patterson Street $ 312,000 "H" Ave. from U.S.131 to Nichols Street $ 396,000 Drake Rd. from "KL" Avenue to West Michigan Avenue $ 38,000 TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST TO DATE 1 I I I I I I I I 2 5 15 21 $ 39,301,000 6th St. from "H" Ave. to "KL" Avenue $ 404,000 8th St. from I-94 to approximately 1 mile S. of I-94 $ 118,000 "Portage Expy." from Centre Avenue to "X" Avenue $ 1,661,000 N-S Expy. E. of Westnedge Avenue from "G" Avenue to N.W. Bus. Loop $ 1,354,000 Anticipated Date of Completion 19 83 "U" Ave. from 22nd Street to 23rd Street TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST TO DATE - 57 - $ 42,913,000 19 85 �TABLE 7 CONTINUED Sec. No. 6 7 8 9 1970 Construction Cost Name 36th Street from S. Co. Line to "Y" Avenue $ 95,000 36th St. from rt.angle jog to E. at s. end to "XY" Ave. $ 75,000 42nd St. from "P" Avenue to "Q" Avenue $ 189,000 "D" Avenue from Nazareth Rd. to 27th Street $ 170,000 U.S. 131 by-pass of Schoolcraft from Little Sugar Loaf Lake to S. Co. Line $ 2,768,000 Reloc~ted S.R.89 from Richland to the NYCRR $ 757,000 Relocated S.R.43 from the N. corp. limits of Richland to its S. corp. limits $ 301,000 Connector between 32nd St. & 34th St. from "J" to "K" Avenue $ 132,000 Realignment of 34th St. by connecting 34th and "N" Ave. to 34th and "MN" Avenue $ 75,000 35 37th St. Connector to I-94 $ 189,000 36 Connector from 34th St. and "Q" Ave. to 36th Street and "R" Avenue $ 157,000 S.R.37 from "C" Avenue at E. Co. Line to 46th Street at N. Co. Line $ 458,000 "Q" Avenue from 32nd Street to Long Lake Drive $ 600,000 42nd St.between "S" and "ST" Avenue $ 95,000 30 31 32 33 . 34 37 38 39 TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST TO DATE - 58 - $48,974,000 Anticipated Date of Completion I I I I I I I I I I I 1990 �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I FINANCIAL PROGRAMMING OF THE TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS The total cost of constructing the thirty-nine sections of streets and roads as shown in Table 6 is estimated to be 47 million dollars. This estimate is made using present-day costs, and must be increased to allow for anticipated inflation over the twenty years during which the construction will be accomplished. A rate of three percent per year has been applied in making this adjustment, and the resulting cost becomes 64 million dollars. This is felt to be a realistic rate to assume when the trend in construction costs of the past ten years is examined. An average yearly cost would be 3.34 million dollars; but a more equitable approach would be to plan a yearly expenditure equal to onetwentieth of the present cost (or 2.45 million dollars) and an additional amount equal to the predicted inflation for that particular year. This means that the amount spent each year will be lowest in the early years of the program and increase to a maximum of 3.7 million dollars in 1990. It will be easier to budget the work with this schedule due to the fact that the amount of available revenues will be greater for each successive year. Federal funds will be available for portions of the proposed system which are classified as Federal Aid Primary (FAP) or Federal Aid Secondary (FAS) roads. Fifty percent of the cost of such projects could be financed by the Federal government. It is possible that several sections which do not qualify at the present time might be reclassified and therefore become eligible for Federal funds. Revenue from existing sources and also from other sources not presently in use has been estimated for the next twenty years. This information, obtained from the Kalamazoo County Planning Commission, is continued in pages 61 thru 64. METHODS OF IMPLEMENTATION Having chosen the most desirable transportation plan for Kalamazoo County, it becomes necessary to consider the methods of implementing the plan. Development by a private agency would not merit much consideration due to the fact that all of the sections of the proposed network form either arterials or collectors which, by definition, are primarily for mobility rather than access to land. A private developer would be interested in construction of streets or roads only if they provided access to land whose value would be enhanced when served by local access routes. There will definitely be projects of this type financed by private concerns, however, such undertakings are not the primary concern of this phase of the report. The most feasible method of constructing the new or improved segments of the network is through one or more governmental agencies whose duties will include programming the work, obtaining plans or doing the design themselves, awarding contracts, and inspection of the work. Such an agency would also coordinate the implementation of the projects between the diffe rent political subdivisions involved. - 59 - �I ANTICIPATED REVENUES Property Tax In order to obtain some idea of the increase in revenues collected by the property tax the following method was used: From 1958 to 1967 an increase in assessed valuation occurred in the amount of $72,656,445 or an average of $8,072,938. Assuming that the average increase of $8,072,938 per year would continue through the years 1975 and 1990, the following level of assessment was determined. For the year 1975, the assessed valuation would stand at $324,293,224 which would yield a revenue of $6,485,86-0 with a tax rate of 20 mills per thousand dollars which is the maximum property tax allowed presently under the Kalamazoo City Charter. For 1990, assessed valuation would stand at $445,387,294 yielding a revenue of $8,907,740 with a tax rate of 20 mills per thousand dollars. Income Tax In order to obtain some idea an assessment was made as to the leve~ of revenues that might be obtained should the City or County of Kalamazoo implement an income tax. Using data from Sales-Management Magazine, it was estimated that the average per capita income was $3,145 in 1968. Assuming a population of 110,750 in 1975, the total personal income for the city would be $348,308,750. An income tax of 1% (not taking into consideration deductions) would yield $3,483,087; a tax rate of 1.5% would yield $5,224,631 in revenue. In 1990, using the 1968 per capita income figure, the city's total personal income would be $487,475,000. A tax rate of 1% would yield $4,874,750 and a rate of 1.5% would yield $7,312,125 in revenues. Past Trends in General Fund Revenue The figures shown in the table represent the trends in General Fund revenues for the City of Kalamazoo for the years 1963 through 1967. Total General F1 1 nd revenue was analyzed and projected for 1975 and 1990, as well as two individual elements of the General Fund, including Property Tax, and share of state collected revenues. Two other sources of revenue were also assessed, Parking Fund and Water Department revenue. A per capita trend in expenditures was determined for the years mentioned above and projections were made for 1975 and 1990, using the per capita rates existing in 1967. - 60 - -I I I I I I I I I I �Ill Ill Ill Ill BONDING SITUATION CITY OF KALAMAZOO LEGAL DEBT MARGIN - DECEMBER 31, 1967 State equalized assessed value-December 31, 1967 • Limitation per Section 5.2074 of the Home Rule Act of the State of Michigan • • . • . LEGAL LIMITATION Bonded debt - Statement IV. •$ 308,772,209.00 . . ---------. 10% ....$ 30,877,220,90 • • • •$ 15,100,000.00 Less: Amount available in Bond and Interest Redemption Fund for the retirement of bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 30,313.53 Bonded debt not subject to limitations: Special Assessment Bonds . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,840,000.00 Revenue Bonds... 745,000.00 3,585,000.00 3,615,313.53 TOTAL BONDED DEBT SUBJECT TO LIMITATION ........ 11,484,686.47 LEGAL DEBT MARGIN ...... $19,392,534.43 Assuming that the limitation on bonding remains at 10% of state equalized value and that state equalized assessed value is 18.8% higher than city unequalized assessed value, as it was in 1967, the following projections result: For 1975, the state equalized valuation would be $385,526,035 and the ceiling for bonded debt being 10% or $38,552,603. Figures for 1990 would be $529,120,105 in state equalized assessed valuation with a 10% bonded debt limit of $52,912,010. - 61 - �Projected State Income Tax Revenue on a Per-Capita Basis for the Years 1975 and 1990 In 1968, Kalamazoo County received $1,058,277 in revenues from the state income tax. Using the 1960 county population of 169,712 the 1968 per-capita return is $6.32. 1 Using the 1968 per-capita return of $6.32 and the estimated 1975 popu- ~ lation of 233,810, Kalamazoo County would receive total state income tax revenues of $1,477,679. Again using the 1968 per-capita return of $6.32 and the estimated 1990 population of 318,696, Kalamazoo County would receive total state income tax revenues of $2,014,159. , I .on -half of the yearl_y state income- "Gax....ravenue is reimbursed to the _founty government, the other one-half is distributed to the cities, villages and townships by population based on the 1960 Census. I I Estimated Revenue Obtained from the State Sales Tax for the Years 1975 and 1990 The twenty-four municipalities making up Kalamazoo County received .a total sales tax revenue of $1,850,311 in 1968, on a per-capita basis this figures out to be $11.05. Using the estimated 1975 population of 233,810 and the 1968 per-capita sales tax revenue of $11.05 the total county would receive a sales tax revenue of $2,583,600. Using the estimated 1990 population of 318,696 and the 1968 per-capita sales tax revenue of $11.05, the total county would receive a sales tax revenue of $3,521,591. The sales tax revenue is distributed to the differing municipalities on a per-capita basis with the county government receiving one-half of the total. - 62 - I I. I I �Estimated County Operating Levy That Could Be Collected for the Years 1975 and 1990 Using the 1968 equalized base the county would collect $784,880 for every mill assessed. During the years 1963-1969, Kalamazoo County's average equalized value increased by $31,653,921 per year. Assuming this rate of increa.se will continue, Kalamazoo County will record an equalized valuation of $1,027,523,990 in 1975 and an equalized valuation of $1,705,050,425 in 1990. The county operating levy is based on a rate of ~ 85 mills ] Multiplying the estimated equalized value for 1975 and 1990 by 4.85 mills, Kalamazoo County would receive revenues of $4,983,491 for 1975 and $8,269,494 for 1990. Estimated Revenue Obtained from a 1% County Income Tax for the Years 1975 and 1990. Based on data obtained from Sales-Management Magazine, the estimated 1968 per-capita income was $3,145. Using the 1968 per-capita income and an estimated 1975 population of 233,810, total personal income for the county would be $735,332,450. An income tax of 1% would produce a revenue of $7,353,325. Using the 1968 per-capita income and an estimated 1990 population of 318,696 total personal income for the county would be $1,002,298,920. An income tax of 1% would produce a revenue of $10,022,989. - 63 - �TABLE 8 REVENUES - 1964 CJ) ~ G) ::i:,, [:rj t"i G) CJ) ~ 1-3 ::i:,, X O"I .i::,. H [:rj 1-3 ::i:,, ::i:,, CJ) g; t:l t"i O 1-3 [:rj '1j < [:rj ~ ~ 0 ~ t"i < HO CJ) [:rj 1-3 ::I1 CJ) H ::i:,, t"i HH z CJ) [:rj '1j [:rj '1j G) t"i O 0 i:rj ~ '1:lO i:rj C ~~ 1-3 ~ Galesburg Kalamazoo Parchment. Portage ::.:, ~ 1-:tj [:rj ::i:,, [:rj ~ O~t:l zc z t"i 1-3 0 0 0 ;.O 1-3 H ~ H 0 ::i:,, to Z t"i C G) CJ) z 1-3 . X MUNICIPALITY Alamo Bradv Charleston Climax Comstock Cooper Kalamazoo Oshtemo Pavilion Prairie Ronde Richland Ross Schoolcraft Texas Wakeshma ::U 1-3 0 0 0000 ~ [:rj [:rj ~~~ 1-3 < t"i (/) [:rj z 1-3 ::I1 CH H 0 [:rj G) z ::I1 I -:i_ic;n 3,501 68,162 772 446 98 58.327 8,514 227.677 265 544 7,201 7.848 17,505 7.755 4,209 1,824 910 4,827 291,479 Auausta Climax Richland Schoolcraft Vicksburg COUNTY 88,884 2,808,194 ~ ~___..- .- -- .. ... -- --- - �~~~ ,.• ··■1 • ·• .. .) ·•i~-·111~- TABLE 9 REVENUES CJ) :i::i t"1 trj CJ) f-3 :i::i :x: O"\ Ul :8 G"l t"1 0 f-3 < trj 0 ~ ~~ i--::: CJ) trj ttj t:!j HO trj H f-3 ::r:: CJ) z ttj trj :i::i H CJ) G) f-3 tJ :i::i :x: MUNICIPALITY Alamo Bradv Charleston Climax Comstock Cooper Kalamazoo Oshtemo Pavilion Prairie Ronde Richland Ross Schoolcraft Texas Wakeshma Galesburg Kalamazoo Parchment Portage Auousta Climax Richland Schoolcraft Vicksburg COUNTY t"1 1965 trj ttj ~ HH CJ) < :i::i t"1 t-1 o n0 trj ttj trj < i--::: C: ~ ~ f-3 i--::: H z G"l G"l :,:; f-3 n n :,::J :8 ITj 0000 :i::i z ~ tJ t"1 f-3 0 ::0 f-3 n :-i:,, trj i--::: tJ H :;d ~ () :i::i f-3 n n H tJ:j zul t"1 C: f-3 f-3 H ".) . :,::J i--::: z trj t:i trj ttj trj CJ) < t"1 trj z ::r:: C: H trj G"l ::r:: I 3,600 8,000 3.489 2R4 3,476 13.693 59.641 6,281 224.130 810 199 7,399 12.378 7.998 572 915 741 4.003 58 078 39,765 10,236 893 776 14,401 789,801 19 666 204,272 ?q_f;c:;q 10 088 7,568 5,180 15.154 23,921 1,675,086 3,025,528 306,449 �TABLE 10 REVENUES ~G'l t:x:l ;:i::,, (/) ~ H Ul G'l t:x:l ::r: (/) ~ a-, O"I MUNICIPALITY Alamo Bradv Charleston Climax Comstock Cooper Kalamazoo Oshtemo Pavilion Prairie Ronde Richland Ross Schoolcraft Texas Wakeshma Galesburg Kalamazoo Parchment Portage Auqusta Climax Richland Schoolcraft Vicksburg COUNTY ;:i::,, 8Z t:l f-3 f-3 ;:i::,, :>< . 18,231 18,298 15,953 10,326 83,278 56,980 189.620 34_777 24. 6 40 t-◄ t:x:l <: i--:: 0 f-3 rrj 0 17:1 :8 ::a z ;:i::,, (/) f-3 ::r: z 1-rj HH t-◄ t:x:l <: 1966 on lf) t-◄ 1-rj t:x:l 1-"d 0 <: t:x:l i--:: ~ ~ f-3 i--:: 9 trj HO trj H (/) ;:i::,, H t1 z G'l G'l :::Of-300 0000 ;:i::,, z § t:l t1 f-3 0 ::a f-3 ()()Hi-<: 0 ;:i::,, t,d t1 C: z ~ ~ h:j ;:i::,, t:x:l n i--:: o trj t:x:l H :::0 ~ 1-rj trj f-3 ~ t1 (/) z ::r: (/) :-3 f-3 H C: H 0 ::r: .::a z t:x:l G'l I 3,501 3 005 224 14,858 70,748 6,208 341. 762 1-851 199 2,502 9,007 14,861 8,075 572 925 200 870 4,000 67.826 6,010 19,743 29,131 17,006 22,585 10,718 13,494 767.591 18.346 193,132 15,091 812,097 20,604 214,682 9.302 5,618 4,890 11,532 21,284 11,615 7,932 5,428 15,917 25,020 1,602,484 1,775,842 .... ... .... _... _ 1,705 25,876 26,353 3,151,569 45,534 _ J _,... __________ _ �~ ~~-- 11 11 • ; • ; - -~- TABLE 11 REVENUES - 1967 ~ ~ G) trj ~ C/) t"i H C/) trj G) C/) ~~ t-3 ~ X °' --.J MUNICIPALITY Alamo Bradv Charleston Climax Comstock Cooper Kalamazoo Oshtemo Pavilion Prairie Ronde Richland Ross Schoolcraft Texas Wakeshma Galesburg Kalamazoo Parchment Portage Auqusta Climax Richland Schoolcraft Vicksburg COUNTY t:J t-3 ~ t1 t"i O t-3 ti::Pd 0 ~;! HO trj H HH t"i t-3 ::r.: z G) 1-cJ C/) ~ H z G) !J. c; fi 76 4Sfi 10 R71 9 186 3,121 12 136 17 845 16,959 2,563 15,373 825.564 20.969 231,361 9.584 5,788 5.038 11.RRl 21. 9 29 11. 818 8,077 5,522 16.377 25,464 ~~ t"i 0 ::a t-3 0 0 H t-< 0 ~ tp t"i c:: C/) t-3 H t-3 ::a 0 z t-rj t-< t:J trj ~ trj 0 trj C/) trj zC:: z I 5 744 3.750 572 1.565 17,159 5.005 823 23,975 1,850,324 3,341,415 5,281 H ::r:: ?.7?F. 4.098 ::r:: trj G) ? non 1.100 158 1'1 nfiq R7.108 7.083 1fiS.79fi trj ~ 1-cJ :::0 trj t-3 <: t"i H J ,lHl l!J.7 !J. 13,903 790.851 18-902 198,985 ~ ::a~ 4,792 7,775 6,192 20.341 30.014 17,521 23.270 11,043 :::Ot-300 0000 . 4,79~ 18,783 18,852 Hi .41fi 10 .fiiq BS.802 58.706 195.366 v; .R11 25.iqn t"i O 0 trj 1-cJ 0 <: trj ~ t-< ~ t-3 t-3 t-< C/) trj l-tj trj <: �TABLE 12 REVENUES - 1968 (/) >' t"1 M (/) 1-3 ~ °'en MUNICIPALITY Alamo Bradv Charleston Climax Comstock Cooper Kalamazoo Oshtemo Pavilion Prairie Ronde Richland Ross Schoolcraft Texas Wakeshma Galesburo Kalamazoo Parchment Portage Auausta Climax Richland Schoolcraft Vicksburg COUNTY :s M H G'l G'l ::i:, (J) ~~ 1-3 t1 ~ 21.0S0 21.128 1 R 4?0 11.923 96,157 65,792 218,945 40,156 28,454 t-1 0 1-3 M '"Cl 0 <:M~ K! ~ (/) 1-3 ::r: HH z G'l t-1 (/) M '"Cl <: crl HO M H (/) ::i:, t"1 'rj t-1 0 0 M :u 0 ~MC ~~ H z 1-3 K! G'l !:a 1-3 0 0 4,293 41. 89 4 82,193 12 656 9,116 2,955 12.907 18,044 17,220 17,478 975,855 23,761 278,242 10,741 6,486 5,647 13,315 24,575 13.312 9,075 6,258 18,129 29,458 2,037,104 ~ ~ 99 113.471 7,494 340,257 11.920 4,518 (J) ::i:, z 1-3 X o::i:, 0 1-3 ~t:rj (/) z ::r: CH M G'l ::r: I 6.020 6,042 c:; . ? f; R 3.410 27.498 18,815 62.612 11,483 8.137 7.895 S7? 1,585 6,726 5,126 1-3 H t"1 7,535 ? q7? 4.971 1. 831 10,916 1,984 6.519 9.619 5,615 7.458 3,539 17 681 7,494 1,365 2,327 15,581 886,298 21,183 223,000 ~~~ . 4.701 7,416 6,939 22,796 33,636 19,636 26.078 12,376 ~1-xj ~ ::i:, M K! t1 M 0 0000 ::i:, z@ t1 t"1 1-3 0 !:a 1-3 0 0 H K! 0 ::i:, t::d Z t"1 C Cfl 1-3 H 1-3 0 ~ z 4,456 253 457 6.068 63.772 20,903 3 072 1.855 1,614 3,808 7,028 3,658,135 118,676 :-. ...... ~ :-. 529,138 ,__ �;·• , l I ~ TABLE 13 CITY OF ~(ALAMAZOO GENERAL FUND-ACTUAL REVENUES ~ 1-3 0 1-3 !)::,o ~ 0 CJ) CJ) 0 1-3 ::r: ~ ~ :i,, !)::,o 1-3 z !)::,o ~ 1-3 ~ [Ij tx:l co X [Ij tx:l 1-3 CJ) tx:l t1 CJ) - "CJ HOl-3!)::,o Z "CJ O ~ 0 0 [Ij 1-3 ~zGJ oz hj ~ H 0 hj 1-3 ~ !)::,o H z ~ C GJ z f-<: t1 ~ . 1. -~ -.) 0 1-3 !)::,o 1-3 "CJ O 1-3 ::r: [Ij 1-3 [Ij tx:l ~ !)::,o :;d :;d -~ 1-3 HH t1 tx:l 00 0 .1-3 2: z ~ R"> [Ij "CJ ~ m \.0 1990 Money Population Per Capita 17,670,000 155,000 ·114 8,525,000 2,945,000 55 19 1975 Money Population Per Capita 12,625,500 110,750 114 6,091,250 2,104,250 55 1967 Money Population Per Capita 10,342,965 90,669 114 1966 Mon~ Population Per Capita 7 18 19 2 18 5,064,339 1,809,663 261,128 1,700,859 55 19 2 18 7,726,854 89,469 86 4,342,956 1,768,415 262,014 1,706,079 48 19 2 19 1965 Mon~ Population Per Capita 7,287,805 88,269 82 4,118,563 1,680,212 240,070 1,614,745 46 19 2 18 1964 Mon~ Population Per Capita 7,375,883 87,069 84 3,794,503 1,572,223 213,679 1,612,682 43 18 2 18 1963 Money Population Per Capita 6,318,536 85,869 73 3,646,474 . 1,499,499 204,055 1,537,432 42 17 2 17 �0 I- 0 II: z 1/) - 1,,." . 1- "'·: A I- ~., ., I- • I') -r-, r :I BARRY COUNTY ALLEGAN COUNTY :I .. f- f- f- ,- r r :I "' r r I- I- 0 :: r r I- I- "' I') r r ~ ,: r I- ~ ~ ~ ~ \ ~ ol , . \a BC 7"°TJ1 __ .!.Ju § 0 A.!. A J~-Q.) illWIIIIWUJIII ,.,-.... \ ! ~D & ,~ i . i I --5-r - t f' iiiil I f;j ~-·"'-f""",. \--"-\ -~· I\ \ :,..\ ~ _,: {· . -- ~ - r.. + 'i .. \.-~ \ ( l\ } ! ' \, ' ~. J'~ 0 z II: I') ~ ----r- "' '( • "' ., ., "'_ "'. -·- .... ~ I ~ I f- :I :I (J) t-- I- 11) ,- -'\ _JJ \ 0 z f/) "'"~ "' ,.. - g_ - . 0 I- <:< ' ~ - I- f- I: I: I- :I :I I: f- ~ :I "' f- (') I') :I .. II: "' I- ~ (') 2) I . t /, :I 1- ~ r- gi "' :I :I g 0 l- 0 I- f-- 0 II: z ll) • - •"' • t- I- I- • r- la, • • A -r--- •e f-~ I +- .. t B 6- ~- ; ., --- • r :I ., t:; r'- , - :I :t •• ~ ! \ r I- , (j! ~ BC C -+---____........... co IA.~.:h ~ , @ _Q) D _J_ r C>- DE I § I} ·s's ~ ,~/-,. • E ,,. , I El" -· D~ I, ~1 {;- l ... ~--. ... . Q -,,,,.,, \· ' • ..._ ~~ ':. -r"""" I I- IIJJIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIUIUJlf\ll!,Yl!!f!!.UJIIIIIIIIJ1111111IIJ I''• - r ; \ -, I- ~. --=-- ,,- 'I,' i 0 f- en ¾♦, FG H ~ :I '~ f r~ .f'><'•\ l- ' =1111111111111111111111u1 !JIIIUlllll~IIIIIIIJIIIIIJJII! i ' -- - EF GH ~ i I ~~ i/f< . -J E G ~ _;) . ~~ \-...,. F .. . ~ = la::' C DE I- ' B D I- ,V"Q . AB co I- ~ I :I F l --- -.:~~---+ ~ ;;,,-, ~ r ~- "'" , ,. J .... lflllllllllllllnmnnu 1111111nut u111111111_1u111u11111111111r FG -~ ~ ~\ ' 0H .... ·c.:_..J I-- - \\ .....J I H I ! ,; , HJ C3 \.. .. G( , HJ y) J JK JK K K KL KL ~d 1, , L L ?' LM LM 8 M :J 0 MN < 0 z ~ M >-t-- J: .,J Z MN ::::, 0 u z ~[J= N ~,.;;; UJ { It: I ::::, NO ID ' z ~ >~ z ::::, 0 ~.-z-~ ./ I i l 1 " J OP I L . J. - ~ "'\ NO 'l ·(:..~t1- ','1 • \_ ~ ,, ' ' -t, 0 { i I I I > / p N -~ ,., OP p I I J, PQ I .-.!.. PQ t ~ Q Q QR Ql'I I ; ' R _,,, -, ., RS T r ~p% ~ ~ --=' .. ,.~= ,J.r/.,' () - "' , (I; 0 , ·- , : . ~..:' ~ > . - ,. • v f , },_,~..:::./ \~- - . ~ ( (e' ._:,_-! ... , ..... " ··1 V vw r .,. ~ "1"''1111111\11111111111'}'11 1 y- ) wx r - " X I . I j)J .!) · ~ _-r ~ - - r- V VZ z t~ r- -r1~1lh 0 z 0 II: "' "' :I f- • :I ., I- :I f- "' :I f- ,- :I :I :I I- a, "' S? I- .. ~-~- c:l!L ..'_ ,, _.I f- I- I: I- :: ~ :I r~ =t,-~--, § I p"1 I- I- I- I- ~ ;! ~ ~ r :I ,- I :I Ia, I- !!' r :I I0 "' o f1h 0 . ' z II: & ~ M ~ r r I• :I I- I- ~ ~ N ~ N ~ .§]' J OSEPH C.Q\.JN T Y :I I- ,- "' t f- .."' I: r I- f- "'"' "' 0 u UV V .,, I .. V I E' .. '~ - ....... • • ' r--------r ~ J ~I r - - I ~ -l ,I . ; ~ - ~, - ◄ =iI TU ( ~"-1~ I =1 G) r :I ,. \ 3 ·L , ' .. - ITI H 1,m, t l!Jli I I! !II =I =1 =I . I: I- :I ?:_( ~ \ ·'b. ~ ~ '\ j. . I ✓11 W~(l'6 1$M~~ mmmn1111onnuu~11u•nu11111m1m1J1 !tllfUJIIWIUHll~ ~ftltttlttllllllljfll,.lllllllt~UlhlttfllJ!tJ,lltllOIHIUWWIIIW'"'°' ,11,i•ttuljlllll UU"" ~ T ::r~ ""\'..I=°•-1 ' r ~-' ( ·' ..___ SC 1 -'-=~,..1:, + l • ' ·, ~ \ ~ '.i' ' . le'·- ~~·rPl ' · xv . \ • """~--Li£) ) I . .....__ ' i.;J:;)A o; ' ST 1' r , I~ E ' tt3 I ~ w [P ' 11'!! 11)\llli~ N;ll,lllllllllllt!Jill\llllllll'l'"'\"!!!!!!!.l!~,-""'"""'"'""")!!\'!ll"l""'""I ( I LL- ( z----,c·1.::. ',,.-- .I ~I· . t ~ ·a ' " r~, ./ >, \ u - ~ l ~ iiii TU s J § 1 ~--f:-...'.:,.c:':, ,., G UV l'IS '\ ., s ST "' I j_ ! 0 1/) z 0 II: I- ri "' gi I') I') .. r ., :I I- I- I') ~ T I I I' r~ V j; • vz ~--r I 1✓ r: · ; I- ,- (') :I :I "' I') ., I- I(JI I .. I- 0 xv r i 1utll!!!!!!!.fll.U.IIIUllll}llll!IJI_I_IJIIDIIHft:i.1m11111t1111n11mm~.t ~ I X J tf.. i ~ :I I- • ~ I w wx ) ~ vw I1/) ; z 0 II: ~:t •"' ~ • 0 r £ i 2. I I- I- I- I- .. ID 1- • • C) ,-.. ' • LEGEND ·••* KALAMAZOO COUNTY, MICHIGAN - * -•-* 1990 INTERIM EXISTING INTERCHANGE _.,...-~... PROPOSED OVERPASS EXISTING OVERPASS •• SECTION LIMITS ' Hie pre p o ta fl o • wa1 f fnonciolly o ld •4 tll ,0 11119h o ful uol G rculf fr o• 1111• D• p• r tMent o f Ho,u l" ' 0 114 U r bo111 o f t llle Hoe1 h1t Act ol 19,, , u ••••••• • -- - • KALAMAZOO • CLASSIFICATION CONSISTENT WITH 1••· De • e lo p ••11 t, 11ul e r tiile Ur b o11 l'lo11 111n 9 .-.u h l o•c • ,,. , , • • , Oillt h of'iH4 .. ., Se c: 110 11 701 SECTION NUMBER * o f lllh pion SECONDARY COLLECTOR PROPOSED INTERCHANGE .....___.. CONCEPT PRINCIPAL COLLECTOR PROPOSED CORRIDOR ....--.... ..__ .~ .__, CIRCULATION LOCAL ARTERIAL -• -* VEHICULAR STATEWIDE AND REGIONAL ARTERIAL METROPOLITAN MICHIGAN HIGHWAY NEEDS STUDY , -· COUNT Y Prepa re d ay : SC HELLIE ASSOCIATE S INC . P LANNING A D ivi, ion of C LYDE E. WILLIAM S AND A SSOCIATES IN C ., COMMISSION IN DPL S. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Kalamazoo-County_Transportation-Plan_1970 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Schellie Associates, Inc., a division of Clyde E. Williams & Associates, Inc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970-05 Title A name given to the resource Transportation Plan, Kalamazoo County, Michigan Description An account of the resource The Transportation Plan, Kalamazoo County, Michigan was prepared by Schellie Associates, Inc., a division of Clyde E. Williams & Associates, Inc. with the assistance of the Kalamazoo Metropolitan County Planning Commission in May 1970. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kalamazoo Metropolitan County Planning Commission (consultant) Subject The topic of the resource Transportation--planning Kalamazoo County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/199645c64d6c68bd139cf213152a7f16.mp3 6ea606a2e279e6618e590ade368d4f01 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8ae48e5fe68f3144248883e07f639f87.pdf f72e5d6008d176eee19b2b457b2f9ffc PDF Text Text Travis Randolph- Interview by Ted Reyda Date not mentioned Transcriptionist’s note: TR= Ted Reyda. T= Travis Randolph 0:00 shuffles as mic is set up 0:03 T: It’s going to work in just a second? Where do you see the—ok. Right there. Ok. Cool. 0:09 TR: Uh, this is Ted Reyda, and I’m about to, uh, interview Travis Randolph, uh, and we are at the old school house in Douglas, MI, and, uh, we can start any time you’d like, Travis. 0:25 T: Are you going to ask me questions? 0:28 TR: No. Unless you want 0:30 T: Oh. I thought you were going to be asking these questions 0:32 TR: I, I don’t have to 0:33 T: Oh. 0:34 TR: But, basically, uh, it’s your thoughts on the 50’s, 60’s, and 70’s. Now I know you were here earlier than that. Your family’s been here for quite some time, but 0:43 T: Well, they, you know it was funny, I was thinking about it, obviously. Getting prepared, and there were, I, I really have (pause) three lives here. Something like that, because you know my grand parents, um, on the Randolph side were here. And my grandparent, my grand, I never knew my grandmother. Sylvia’s mother 1:14 TR: Mmhm. The other side 1:15 T: But my grandfather, Sylvia’s father, had the big house at Silver Lake. So I had Sylvia’s father with Silver lake, and my father’s parents were on Holland Street. So when I was young, you know, up until 49 when my parents, my father’s parents died I, we would come. I was born in 43, so I was you know, little. And we’d spend time here, and then time there, and then time here, and then time there. You know, so it was back and forth, and back and forth, um, my, my mother’s father died in 54, five years later, so we really didn’t come from the time I was ten until the time I was, you know, from 54 until 61 we really weren’t here. That sort of thing. Before that we were, and it was just, my memories are just childhood memories um, (pause) we, uh, when we came back, it was essentially when we, my dad was transferred from Walkagon to Joliet, and it, it was so much simpler to get here from Joliet then from Walkagon that we started coming. And that was in 61. And its, how old was I then? Eighteen. Seventeen (throat clear) at that time. And then it was just a two hour and ten-minute drive. You’d jump in the car, and you were here in a couple hours. Um, and, uh, the um, so my memories summer time memories in that time were from 61, until, uh, you know uh, 67 when we moved here full time. And �3:25 TR: And here being where? 3:27 T: Saugatuck 3:28 TR: Yes, what address and 3:29 T: Oh, when we, you mean 3:32 TR: Yeah, the place 3:33 T: The place? We were, you know, the family home we call it the family pyramid, up, up on Holland Street, 996 Holland Street. Which was, which was the Van Lewen (?) House, which are, the two story part came from Singapore and was moved up in 1873, 74 winter. Um, the first three Van Lewen kids were born in Singapore, and the other six were born in Saugatuck. After 1873, 74. It was my grandmother, my grandmother might have been the first one born here. Come to think of it. Anyway, um, the um, so we spent the summers here, but you know, as I said my mother’s father had died, had passed away in 1954. And so, uh, we were here in 61, pretty much full time on the weekends. You know. On and off. Um, and in fact I spent the summer of 61 here, painting the house. Get, because nobody had been here, my, my father’s brother had moved to Los Angeles, with his family. My mother’s sister had moved to Los Angeles with her family. My mother’s sister had moved to San Diego, and we were the only ones left in the Midwest. Everyone else was on the West Coast. And so we really didn’t spend much time here. But it was only two hours away, after we moved to Joliet, IL, then it was, wed come up every weekend. We had the boat here that sort of a thing. 5:26 TR: Yeah, what sort of boat was it? 5:27 T: It was, the old 210 5:28 TR: Ok 5:30 T: 30 ft, one designer. Which we originally kept up in Chessix, but we eventually moved it down and anchored it in the river. 5:37 TR: There, there were 5:38 T: When they retired in 68 5:40 TR: There were a number of structures. Did you own the structures that were round to the river? There was one torn down. 5:45 T: We bought that 5:46 TR: Ok. 5:48 T: And tore that down. �5:49 TR: But you lived in one right on, uh, 5:52 T: On Holland Street. Right. The one on 5:55 TR: Did they, did you rent out the others? 5:57 T: Well, we didn’t own the other ones 5:58 TR: Oh. 5:59 T: Uh, you know, when it was all said and done, yeah, all the people that thought they owned, uh property to the river discovered around, in the early 19, early 1900’s that they didn’t own property to the river, to the water, and, uh, that property was quick claimed away by a Chicago attorney and then sold off as cottages. And that’s how those cottages got in there. 6:30 TR: Ok. Ok. 6:32 T: On the back side of 6:33 TR: What year did you claim those, or buy those 6:35 T: Well let’s see, we, we, we bought the one (pause) must have been near around 65. Somewhere in there, it came up. It was, it was really expensive. I remember that. It was (laugh) $6500 6:50 TR: (laugh) You don’t get a garage for that 6:55 T: On the water! And then we, and then Mom bought the other one 7:01 TR: Yeah 7:01 T: From Marcelle Brook. After Marcelle passed away. 7:08 TR: And this point, from you said 65. You were about to go to college 7:10 T: Well, 61 I went to college 7:12 TR: Yeah. Oh. That’s right. Yeah. 7:14 T: In 61. So what’d I say? 61. Summer of 60 I spent here. 7:18 TR: Ok. Uh, 7:20 T: And then 60 I was, because I transferred high schools when we transferred from Walkgeon to Joliet. I transferred high schools and that was half way through Junior year. �7:28 TR: And you went to college, uh, yeah. 7:29 T: It was over a, the Winter, the Winter Break. Spent the summer here, summer of 1960. Then went to Michigan, in uh, in Ann Arbor, and uh, my folks were transferred in 62. Two, you know, when I was in the middle of my sophomore year. They were transferred to New Jersey. And it was at that point in time where I decided that it was economically and realistically more convenient to stop being an Illinois resident, and that rather than becoming a New Jersey resident I became 8:05 TR: Helps tuition wise 8:06 T: A Michigan resident. Yes. But the tuition was better, all the tuition was $490 8:15 TR: Yeah, different 8:17 T: In state back then. Just 1300 out of state I think 8:20 TR: And you were playing football for a while 8:22 T: Well, momentarily, yeah 8:25 TR: Momentarily 8:25 T: Until I was injured (laugh) 8:27 TR: I don’t know if you want to make a comment. Sylvia did, Travis’ mother about bringing some of the fraternity brothers here, for gatherings 8:35 T: Oh, we had lots of, lots of hoo-ha. You know, some of my memories would, would be from going college which was in September 1961, running through 61 in, and those were, that was the wild years. The, the early to mid 60’s 8:54 TR: The motorcycle gangs 8:56 T: The motorcycle gangs, the, uh, 8:58 TR: Concert time too? 9:00 T: Concert time was at the beginning of that. I think the first jazz concert was 1959 9:05 TR: Did you attend that? 9:06 one T: Or 60. That’s what I wondered. I gave Ken a poster for, I had a poster for the second �9:10 TR: Hopefully 9:12 T: So it’s in the collection somewhere 9:13 TR: Hopefully. Did you attend that concert? 9:16 T: No. But I did watch as my mother described it, it was raining out, um, at Pottawattamie beach and Goshern Lake. And everybody was coming in to catch the bus after it was over. We were having Sunday dinner in the dining room. And we looked out on Holland Street and Mother said “it looks just like the confederates going home after the Civil War” (laugh 9:42 TR: (laugh) oh yeah 9:48 T: But it was, um, you know crazy things that happen. The memories are, um, I’m trying to think of what year it was. Somewhere in there. These are all, these are all fragments. I’m not sure of the chronological order is going to be. Um. there was one summer. I came up after, after classes ended, and it was time to find a job for the summer. And I kind of hung, you know looked around town to see what way going on and of course Tom Johnson had the Crow Bar. Uh, at Coral Gables, and, uh, his manager was Frank Boggart. And I got talking with Frank, and Frank said, “Why don’t you come and bus glasses?” So, and this was, this was before lunch. You know work in the bar. Be a, be a bus boy in the bar. And I said ok. You know. I can do that. And I left after making that date. And somebody said “What are you doing this summer” And I said” “Well I was just talking with Frank” and they said “Why don’t you go and see Harv Buscer? He needs someone to work construction for something they have, some project they have over in Douglas.” So I looked up Harv Buscar, and Harv had just gotten the contract to build the first new building in 20 years probably over at, at that time was Chase manufacturing which is the Hayworth, Hayworth plant. And I believe it was the north building, it was, it was a great big, you know, it was a big building. And it turns out that Chase had just gotten the contract, I think this was 1964 or 65. Somewhere in there. They had just gotten the contract too for the dye cast, uh headlight bezels for this new model they, Ford had introduced called the Mustang. [laugh] 11:46 TR: Oh boy! 11:47 T: And they had, they had to go, to jump quickly and build, uh, a building to put the dye cast machine in that they needed to make the bezels and polish and everything like that, so. Let’s see, I think it was Harv, Harv was there doing masonry. And then he had another mason. And I was the guy who mixed the mortar and pitched the blocks 12:10 TR: By hand? 12:12 T: by hand 12:13 TR: Didn’t work with a machine 12:14 T: Well, they had a, you had a machine to mix the mortar, but you had to shovel everything into it. And then you had to pitch blocks, and so we �12:20 TR: Oh dear. 12:20 T: kept getting gloves from, from Chase. The guys, the folks that did the polishing on the dye cast parts? All wore gloves. And so we’d get gloves to save our skin. And so we’d just pitch blocks and that’s, that’s what the summer was. I ended up taking that job because it paid twice as much as Frank did to bus dishes and glasses 12:40 TR: Did you have a car? 12:42 T: Oh yeah. 12:45 TR: Ok 12:46 T: I had my, uh, my old Volkswagen. And everybody had a Volkswagen then, right? 12:50 TR: Yeah. Well, I didn’t [laugh] 12:54 T: Well, in fact at that point in time I counted them up in our family. I think we had seven. [laugh] 13:01 TR: The, uh, yeah. At what point did your parents come permanently? 13:05 T: They retired, um, in July of 68. 13:10 TR: Ok. 13:13 T: And Sandra and I moved up in June from Ann Arbor 13:15 TR: You didn’t mention that Sandra’s connection 13:16 T: What? 13:18 TR: Uh, you were engaged or married? 13:20 T: Oh. When did we get married? Let’s see. 66. 13:25 TR: Ok. 13:28 T: We got married in the summer of 66. Summer? 13:29 TR: And you brought her a few times to the area so she could see it? 13:30 T: Summer. Yeah. Yeah. She comes to the area and, uh, the, um, let’s see, the folks retired in 60, 68. We bought the Elm Hotel which is what �13:45 TR: Ok. Now being you and Sandra. Uh huh 13:47 T: Sandra and I, Sandra and I. But you know when, when Sandra and I came up in June of 67 when I graduated. And I was working for Herman Miller and commuting from Ann Arbor back and forth three days a week. Um, but what, so we lived in the house in 996 Holland Street. And then the folks retired and they moved in, so all folks of us where in the house in Holland Street. And we got along just fine. And then we ended up buying the Elm’s Hotel. 136 Butler, which is right, it’s no longer the Elm’s Hotel, obviously. It’s, uh, 14:30 TR: Joyce Peder 14:41 T: Joyce Peder bought it, auction, and then they bought it and it became something else and that’s where it ended up, which leaves, you know, that’s another crazy story, of, um, of the summer time. Let’s see. We were there from 69 to 73. And one of those summers. Right in the middle of summer. It was, you know, July, August. Somewhere in there. It was a beautiful night and we were sitting on the front step. Right on the sidewalk, just watching people wander up and down. It must have been 10:30, 11:00, 11:30. Something like that. And there was one fellow and another fellow. One fellow was obviously very drunk. The other fellow was obviously holding him up. They were working their way north on Butler street side walk on our side of the street, the west side. And the, right out in the street there was a Volkswagen bus, mini bus parked with some, you know that was the hippie time 15:45 TR: Yup 15:46 T: And in fact we rented to a head shop down stairs, which was very controversial in the city. The old, with the elders. And in fact, it was, they said, at one time they said “you should not rent to them.” And we said “Are they breaking a law?” They, we, they said “We don’t know.” And I said “Well if you want to arrest them, we’ll stop renting to them.” 16:08 TR: Yeah 16:09 T: [laugh] It’s real simple. And until they, until you can, you know, prove that they’re doing something, you know, it’s not practical or legal for us to not rent to them. So anyway, so the head shop though bus was right out in front of the head shop. The guys were walking along. And all of a sudden the other guy came from the other end. They were right in front of us. And they all turned and went to the bus and grabbed the two or three guys, you know, up against the bus, hand cuffs. 16:40 TR: Woah, what was 16:40 T: It was a drug bust! 16:41 TR: Oh my gosh! 16:42 T: The guy wasn’t drunk at all [laugh] �16:43 TR: Oh he was just pretending 16:45 T: He was just pretending. 16:48 TR: Ah, the um, did you later you 16:51 T: So I think that was probably the summer of 64. Somewhere in there 16:54 TR: And some point you did shop there though 16:55 T: No 16:56 TR: No you didn’t? 16:58 T: Oh yes we did, come to think of it. We, that’s when we the, that’s when we converted the porch on the north side, which I don’t think I’d be able to identify now, what do, what did we call it? Celebrate was the name of the shop. Sandra, Sandra had decided to take a year off from teaching. So she took a year off and after that she decided not to, not to go back, and we opened the shop it was probably 6—[sigh] 17:38 TR: Obviously before you went to Europe. 17:39 T: 69, well, let’s see, we sold the, we sold the building to Joyce in 73, and went to Europe in 73, so uh, that was probably 71. Something like that. And we had Celebrate, and, uh, in fact I was still working with Herman Miller and, uh, I had, we had a source or, supplier down in Columbus, IN. And I would go down to Columbus, and then, on the way back one, one day, I took a tour in Brown County and stopped in, uh, Nashville, IN. And discovered a place called grasshopper flats. These folks were jewelers, and I bought uh, a whole bunch of whole sale jewelry and brought it back for our first inventory. And we just went on from there. And then I became a jeweler 18:35 TR: Did not know that. 18:39 T: Yup. And it was, we had Marsha, Marsha Perry. Had sculptures and jewelry, and then we got some paintings from some folks. And of course Sylvia’s stuff, and then it just sort of took off and went. And we ran that until we sold the building and closed things up, and 18:56 TR: Yeah. I remember one amusing story of a renter upstairs and that always wore a kimono or something like that 19:04 T: Well that was down stairs 19:05 TR: Oh, ok 19:06 T: They were, the fellow that owned the building that we bought it from was Frank Van Analak (?) who had an antique shop across the street. Called Van Analak’s Antiques. And let’s �see what else was across the street. Um. The shop. I can’t think what the name of it is now. Anyway, and we bought the building from Frank. And he had a compatriot. A partner named George. And they lived downstairs and Sandra and I lived upstairs. And what was upstairs was eight hotel rooms which we gutted and turned into a real nice apartment. And George and Frank lived downstairs, and George had this very short kimono, silk kimono with great huge gold, goldfish and a quart goblet of beer and a cigarette holder. [laugh] He was, he was quite a fellow 20:08 TR: Yeah. And at what point did you um, then go to Europe? 20:15 T: Um, that was in 73. And, and that was, we went through the process. We sold the building to Joyce, and um, we had sort of, um, we’d be ready to, uh, because Sandra’s, Sandra’s father is from Denmark. Immigrated from Denmark, and she has lots of family in Denmark, and had gone back and forth a number of times. And so we were going to go and settle in Denmark, and unfortunately we arrived on the day of the Yom Kippur War 20:45 TR: Oh dear. Yeah 20:50 T: Um, which led to the oil embargo 20:55 TR: Became expensive 20:56 T: And not only became expensive, it became impossible to get. 21:00 TR: Yeah 21:01 T: And uh, the Europeans essentially went on a war, you know, World War Two footing as far as no hot water. Things that turned the lights off. That sort of thing. And it was, Sandra’s grandmother, we, we spent time with Sandra’s grandmother in Copenhagen. And she said it was just like World War Two. 21:20 TR: Oh boy 21:22 T: You know no different. No different at all. 21:25 TR: I was just thinking, prior to your sailing experiences on Lake Michigan I remember that when you were much younger that thought about sailing from Kenosha over to 21:35 T: Well we, that was the summer of 1960. The first summer we, no. Yes. It was the summer of 1960, the year we painted the house a friend of mine from Walkagen came and we spent the summer together in Saugatuck painting the house and working on the boat and half way through summer we, you know, a couple of irrational kids [laugh] went out sailing and, uh, said “Let’s go across the lake.” And we essentially went across the lake with a couple of apples and a radio 22:15 TR: And the radio was for what reason? �22:18 T: Direction finder. We could rotate the radio and null in and we knew that when we lost the signal we were aimed right at the tower, and we knew what the tower was. So we sailed across. We were going to go to Walkegon, but the weather changed and we ended up going to Kenosha, and stayed there overnight, and then sailed down from Kenosha to Walkegon and spent a few days in Walkegon and then 22:45 TR: What was your family’s uh, reaction to that 22:49 T: Well they were speechless so to speak. And then we sailed down to uh, Chicago. This was when, back then, they had a Chicago Saugatuck race. And so we sailed down to Chicago and picked my dad up in Chicago. And he brought the compass. It was handy. It wouldn’t, you know, the radio was not dependable enough. 23:10 TR: Batteries and things yeah. 22:13 T: So he brought the compass, and then we sailed back from Chicago to Saugatuck. And had lots of fun 23:20 TR: Oh yes, uh, adventures, adventures of youth, uh. What’s the earliest, age was, do you think that you were ever here? 23:30 T: Well. As I said, I, you know. Came as a baby 23:37 TR: From both sides. That’s what I thought 23:38 T: as a baby. Uh, on both sides. You know, we came a lot. We came fairly. We came for a couple weeks every summer from as early as I can remember until 1949. My grandmother died in, gee, I think it was April of 49. And, uh, she had a series of strokes. And I never saw her out of bed 24:04 TR: Wow. That’s an interesting memory, that’s wow. 24:07 T: Yeah. I never saw her saw her out of bed. She was always in the front room in bed. And, uh, the antiseptic order. 24:15 TR: Yes 24:16 T: Was intense. But that was, that was, you know, an unfortunate phenomenon. And, uh, my grandfather, her husband, um, Loring Randolph, um, died I think it was in July of 49. Apparently some folks accused, said it was food poisoning, and others said he just was alone and didn’t have the need to go on. 24:45 TR: Yes. Alone. All that. Oh. When you came with your, some of your fraternity brothers, what, what things did you do? 24:53 T: Well, let’s see �24:54 TR: You had the sailboat here 24:54 T: We had the sailboat here 24:57 TR: That only took so many people 24:58 T: But you know, we didn’t have that many fraternity brothers, um that were a part of the gang. We used to do things like drink. 25:07 TR: Uh huh. Water? [laugh] 25:08 T: [laugh] Um. And we used to have Grand Prix racing. 25:10 TR: With the sailboats or with cars? 25:14 T: No, with my Volkswagen from the front yard into the backyard and the backyard into the front yard. 25:20 TR: Oh my gosh! 25:22 T: [laugh] 25:23 TR: There was a cottage there so you wouldn’t have gone in the river 25:27 T: We wouldn’t have gone into the river. But we, we used to race the Volkswagen out of the front yard and into the front yard. Um, one summer, one night I recall, um, somebody brought fireworks, and we were shooting them off in the house. And the police came to the front door and said “We’ve heard reports of shots” and I stood there at the front door, the screen door, and I said “No, I haven’t, we haven’t heard any shots.” And the wind was out of the west like it typically is. And of course the fire cracker smoke was going out through the screen from around me and around the police officer [laugh] 26:14 TR: And what police officer was it? 26:15 T: Oh, I don’t know. It wasn’t Lyle. 26:16 TR: Ok. It wasn’t Lyle 26:18 T: It wasn’t Lyle. It was, it was, one of the summer fellows. 26:20 TR: Yeah. There was the summer things so they, so you would cook there, or go to restaurants 26:25 T: We’d, we’d cook. Oh! Best hamburgers in the world were at the Redwood. �26:30 TR: Redwood? Where was that located? 26:32 T: The Redwood is, uh, was a drive in that was over in Douglas, um, what was the, the, she just died. The gal who owned it, um, cross, the, it was across the east side of the street from Chase from Hayworth 26:45 TR: Ok. Yeah. Oh yeah 26:47 T: Um, but right in back. Way in back. In fact I was looking at it, at it, at it, uh, a couple of days ago on Google Earth, and you can see in, where the canopy parking spots 27:04 TR: Oh, so it was a drive in type thing? Oh wow 27:06 T: Yeah, but they had they had really, really good hamburgers. I used to eat the hamburgers a lot 27:15 TR: Did you ever go to the Rootbeer, uh 27:17 T: Oh yes. Nicki’s! 27:18 TR: Nicki! 27:19 T: Nicki used to run the food service and Nicki used to work ther 27:20 TR: Yes, and Nicki was an attraction 27:24 T: And we, we, we’d get foot longs and hot dogs. Or foot longs and rootbeer, and had great fun 27:34 TR: What, I, I heard was that she was also the some of the joy was going there because she was very much voluptuous young lady 27:40 T: She was a draw. She was a draw [laugh] 27:42 TR: Yes. Right. Um, the, um, did you go to the beach? Or anything like that? 27:50 T: Oh, sure, we’d go to the beach. What else did we do? 27:53 TR: They, they were, I 27:58 T: We just, we just had endless parties 28:02 TR: Ah, and that 28:04 T: That was ,that was pretty much it was, the when you were here it was an endless party �28:08 TR: Right. Until you got engaged and got married and things changed 28:13 T: Then things changed. Hopefully. They’re supposed to, right? 28:18 TR: Yeah. The, um, the, most of the people that partied with you were from Ann Arbor, not the, you know, did you get to know the local people also your age? 28:25 T: Well Pete, uh, Peter Curtis, who was a bar tender. You know the whole Curtis clan, Pete was a resident, local resident, but he had cousins that were, uh, Curtis’s from St. Louis. Then they all lived by Clear Cove. 28:40 TR: Yeah, did 28:43 T: And so there was there was that bunch and the Collins, Collins’s, and 28:48 TR: The Pavilion was still there 28:52 T: The Pavilion burned down Friday, May 6, 1960. 28:55 TR: Ok. 28:55 T: And we were driving up from Joliet. And we could see the light in the sky, um, just north of South Haven. 29:04 TR: Woah. 29:05 T: And the closer we got the brighter it got. And that was just you know, after sun set 29:14 TR: Wow, what, well 29:15 T: In May, so that was 29:18 TR: Brightest spot on the lake and it went out that way. 29:20 T: And, I, it was, it was an amazing thing. It, there was, you know, the one, it’s a shame we never got the chance to get an oral history from my dad 29:31 TR: Yeah 29:32 T: Because he was, uh, let’s see, the Pavilion was built in what? 1909? 29:38 TR: Yes. I think 29:38 T: Something like that. And he worked, he was born in 1903. Yes. 1903. And he and Dode Wilson used to do the electrical maintenance there when he was a kid. So that would have �been the teens. Somewhere in there. Late teens. And he would talk about about he used to climb up the arches and change the light bulbs [laugh] 30:07 TR: Oh boy. Oh boy. The uh, if you cooked at home, where were the grocery stores? 30:10 T: Oh. Fen, where was it? 30:15 TR: In Douglas or downtown Saugatuck? 30:19 T: In Douglas, in Douglas, it was, um was it Van Harten’s? Or was that, was that Fennville? 30:25 TR: I’ve never heard of it. 30:28 T: It was in Douglas on the north side of the street. Where, where they had the fire. Across from, right across the street from, uh, the ballpark 30:40 TR: So there wasn’t a super valloo or anything like that 30:42 T: Oh no, no, that wasn’t there. There was nothing there then 30:45 TR: But Saugatuck didn’t have any little groceries? Or anything? 30:48 T: At that time? 30:50 TR: Yeah. No? 30:50 T: I don’t recall any. There might of, uh, you know there might have been. I don’t think so, Ted. I don’t think so. That seems hard to believe, but the middle of the block, where Funks was, was Funks. And I think that was a grocery originally. And then on the corner the uh, where Larry is Pumpernickels was a grocery. But that was not a grocery then I don’t think 31:20 TR: I’ll be darned. 31:21 T: I don’t, you know, one of things that was really nice, the bakery in Douglas. There was a Douglas bakery that was on the north side of the street. Um, you know, right across from everyday people and then down a couple of doors. It’s probably right about where Wild Dog is now. Somewhere in there. They used to have 31:42 TR: So it was breads and doughnuts and sweets? 31:45 T: They had an almond coffee cake 31:50 TR: Oh boy �31:51 T: That every Sunday everybody in the township would stop and get an almond coffee cake and go home and have breakfast with the almond coffee cake. It was out of this world 32:03 TR: Ah. The, uh, when your mother moved here, of course she attended the Christian Science church. Did she make you go or anything like that? 32:10 T: No. No 32:11 TR: No? She was fine with it 32:14 T: Not really. It was always uh, you know my father was brought up in the church, Christian Science church 32:22 TR: I did not know that 32:25 T: The well, the Randolph’s. The Fitz Randolph’s had, had a, the ones that came from England in the 1600’s, they, uh, ended up being the first generation ended up, they uh, founding the seventh day Baptist church in North America. Which was just beginning in England. So there was this fairly strong Baptist hook in the family, um, but my father and his parents were Christian Scientists. In fact, my parents met at the Christian Science Church in college. That’s where, that’s where they met, going to the Christian Science Church 33:12 TR: And did, was there one existing in Saugatuck at that time, or was it in Fennville? 33:18 T: No, it was in Saugatuck 33:19 TR: Saugatuck, ok. 33:20 T: It was, it was, I think the church that’s on the village green on the south, uh, I, uh, was built in the 20’s. 33:32 TR: I think yes 33:33 T: Something like that. 33:34 TR: The, uh, whole, you know, uh, gentrifying, I guess term, of making it look more fashionable. Cleaned up the city hall and all that. But do you remember when, next to the Christian Science, the hotel Casa Blanca burned. 33:50 T: mm hm. 33:53 TR: So, I know Slyvia 33:54 T: I was, I was at work in Zealand 33:57 TR: At the bar. Oh. In Zealand, oh! Herman Miller. Ok �33:59 T: Yeah. That was, that was, oh. 34:00 TR: Well I know Sylvia mentioned that 34:09 T: It was 67 or 68. Somewhere, or 66, 66, or 68. Somewhere, somewhere right in there because I got to work and somebody, somebody was, or I was at work and somebody said “Gee there’s a hotel burning in Saugatuck.” And I said, because we had a hotel [laugh] so I quick got on the phone. They said “No, no. It’s not the Elms. It’s the, uh, the Casa Blanca.” [clear throat] 34:34 TR: And Sylvia, as I remember, said they were splashing water on the Christian Science and saying whatever they had to say because the walls were really hot 34:42 T: Yeah the walls were, the walls were hot. Yeah. The, um, the um, that’s in, Saugatuck has been lucky. God! What luck! To go through what this series of fires between, and I’m sure there’s others that I don’t know about because I hadn’t been there that long, but you know there was a hotel down, there was a hotel down, a wooden hotel down where Ship n’ shore is now. I think that burned, and the city didn’t burn 35:10 TR: Quite possibly. Yeah 35:14 T: There was, oh, there was the Pavilion, and the city didn’t burn 35:19 TR: Some cottages did across the river, yeah. I know 35:24 T: There was the Casa Blanca. And the house next door, but the city didn’t go. And there was the house behind the house behind the Elms that we owned that burned. On Halloween. And the city didn’t go 35:42 TR: I guess it’s meant to be. 35:45 T: We’ve had a combination of good firemen and good luck that the city and all of its wooden buildings are still here. 35:53 TR: Do you remember the fruit growers’ bank? 35:56 T: Of course 35:58 TR: They, they tore it down. 35:59 T: They tore it, in fact I got a lot of brick. That’s where all the paving bricks when they, then 36:03 TR: I know those bricks. �36:08 T: When they tore it down I got a whole bunch of bricks and tore all the mortar off them and did all the paving for the Elm’s hotel. Cause it was right there on the corner where the rose, rose garden is. 36:18 TR: Yes. Just across the street more or less 36:20 T: Yeah. Just across the street. So I’d take the wheel barrow over there and pick up bricks and bring them 36:27 TR: The, um, the , what year was the, did the buyer tear down the upper stories of the hotel? 36:32 T: It was early. It was fairly early I want to say it was, maybe, you know, maybe 63, 4 somewhere 36:40 TR: Yeah. Because I have a picture that just shows the side of it and cars around it seemed to be early 60’s yeah. So 36:48 T: Yeah. It was somewhere in there. 36:52 TR: Which, I guess, it just wasn’t economical to 36:55 T: Well, you know my grandmother, my grandfather, Ben Lewen Martinez, who was the one who lived who worked at Singapore was a sawyer in the mill. One of the mills. And they moved the house up on the ice winter of 73, 74, to where it is now on Holland Street 37:15 TR: 18 37:17 T: 1873, yeah. 73, 74. And added on to it within a couple of years because they had this family that was growing like Topsy. He had, he had farms out around the area. In fact, he had one on what’s the street that runs to the Dug way? Or runs to the entrance to the 37:40 TR: Oh it’s the Dugout road? 37:42 T: No, it’s not the Dugout road, but is that 136th that runs by the Pumphouse gym and back towards Dennis’ entry, driveway entry? 37:52 TR: Yeah. 37:53 T: I think it’s 136th. Um, avenue. Avenue. In Allegan County. Um. He had a couple farms out there. 38:08 TR: And growing produce or whatever 38:08 T: I don’t know what he grew, but yeah, he must have grown produce or something. He was kicked by a mule and got blood poisoning. And died at age 50 �38:20 TR: Oh boy 38:21 T: So that left, you know, that left his wife Margaret Boss. Just as an aside, there was, there was a mass wedding in mid December. I think it was December 15th 1868 where there, there were numerous young couples who got married. All Dutch. You know 38:48 TR: More economical maybe? [laugh] 38:50 T: Well, well it was, the Civil War was over. You know. So it was time to get on with everything with life. Etc. etc. Etc. And, uh, they had, there was this mass’ wedding of, and one of one of those couples was Martinez Van Lewuen, who at that time lived at Singapore, and Margaret Boss who was from Zealand. And they got married and moved into a company house in Singapore and started their family, which you know. So they got married in December 68. The house was moved in 74, call it that way, so it’s five years or so. Something like that. And they already had three kids in Singapore, and the house, and he came over in like 1854. Let’s see he came over in 1864, and he was 10 years old or something like that. So he may have been, so anyway, he, he, he, he, he was killed got blood poisoning from the injury with the mule and died and left her with 9 kids and she, Margaret Boss, um, did the laundry in the Butler hotel 40:07 TR: Woah. Yeah? 40:10 T: She was, she that was the job she had because she couldn’t farm 40:14 TR: Support, yeah 40:15 T: And she, and, uh, so she worked, worked all the linens in the Butler 40:20 TR: So all those people. Yeah. 40:21 T: All those people. Stories that are gone 40:26 TR: I don’t know if you want to mention because I don’t know if you were joking or not about the house on Holland Street when you changed walls and things that there seemed to be some of the relatives telling you things 40:40 T: [laugh] No, I clearly remember that, but you know, I suppose you can be crazy. 40:48 TR: No 40:48 T: One day I woke up and was laying there in bed all of a sudden I heard this voice. And I looked out into the into the other room. And there was my grandfather. And he said “I want you to stop using the trapdoor in the kitchen to get into the basement and reopen the outside entrance.” And I immediately got up and opened the outside entrance. And that was the end of it. I’ve never seen him again �41:17 TR: That was, who knows why 41:18 T: Who knows why 41:19 TR: The messenger was there 41:21 T: Yeah the message was there. And apparently he wasn’t comfortable with that. 41:28 TR: So that 41:29 T: entry. He liked the outside entry 41:31 TR: property, the property on Holland Street was empty. You didn’t have to tear anything down to, when you brought the house from Singapore? 41:38 T: Well there was nothing there. It was vacant property 41:39 TR: Oh there was nothing there. But what the cottages on the river behind it 41:44 T: They weren’t built for another 40 years 41:45 TR Oh, it was after when you guys were, ok 41:47 T: They moved the house in the 1870’s and the cottages along the river weren’t built until the 1910’s and 20’s 41:51 TR: That’s what I thought, yeah 41:53 T: So there was nothing there. You know, it was, it was empty, there was, and in fact it was really empty because there were no trees. 42:06 TR: Really? 42:07 T: They cut everything down to ship back and rebuild Chicago 42:10 TR: But that, wasn’t the stable 42:14 T: Chicago, the Chicago fire was October 8 and 9 1871, which happened to be, it wasn’t just Chicago. The Petshigo fire was the same day. Southern Michigan burned from Manistee all the way to the thumb. 42:28 TR: Yeah. Holland. Yeah 42:28 T: All the way across. The Holland fire. If you look at there, I was, there �42:32 TR: We were saved I guess by the water. Surrounded by so much water who knows? 42:38 T: Who knows? 42:39 TR: Fate. Whatever. Lucked out 42:40 T: Just, who knows. We lucked out yeah, but there was there was an incredible there was a huge drought going on for a couple of years. And there was this tremendous low pressure area that developed. It ran from San Diego to, to um, Toronto. 42:58 TR: Yeah. Dry as a grave 43:02 T: Just a great counter clockwise circulation that accelerated and accelerated and accelerated. And the whole thing started out a couple days before that. Before the 8th. It started out as prairie fires. In Kansas. And the prairie fires 43:18 TR: By lightening or something most likely 43:20 T: Probably. Or spontaneous whatever. But it all, everything moved toward Chicago. And of course the prairie ends right there, right there at the western limits, and just went on through. But of course that was the era of building railroads and you know when you got into the woods like we had in Michigan or we had in Wisconsin, they, they were making ties and tressel beams. And all they’d do is cut a tree down, top it off, take the heads off 43:52 TR: Off of, yeah 43:53 T: and leave a stack of trash the log would leave and just turn into 43:57 TR: Yeah. It was just waiting. Tragedy 43:58 T: Just, you know 2500 people died in the Petshigo fire 44:04 TR: I know. Worse than Chicago or anywhere else 44:05 T: Oh yeah. It was crazy 44:07 TR: They rarely talk about that 44:07 T: So that was October of 71. Well the next thing was next, the following spring was, you know, everybody went out and started logging and making shingles and 2X4’s, well, they didn’t have 2X4’s. But shingles and studs. 2X4’s weren’t invented until 1920. [cough] and the shipped them back to Chicago, well by 1973 the white pines were gone in southern Michigan. They closed the mills and the mills, the main mill, that was in Singapore 44:38 TR: went up �44:42 T: Went up to, uh, the Northside of the strait. What is, what is that? 44:44 TR: St. Ignace yeah. 44:45 T: St Ignace! St. Ignace. 44:46 TR: But at some point too they were stripping all the hemlock bark for the tanneries. I understand 44:52 T: Yes. That’s true too. So white pine went to construction and hemlock went to 44:58 TR: It’s no wonder why Mt. Baldhead started moving 45:00 T: Exactly 45:03 TR: And they feared it was going to dam the river and flood the town 45:04 T: yeah. Well, you know the interesting one was the family always used to talk about going and looking for Indian Beads. We called them Indian Beads, because they were Indian Beads but what they were was fish vertebrae. That would show up and you know fish would wash up on the beach and then eventually, well there was a huge sand dune just on the west side of the basin. 45:34 TR: Yes because Sylvia once, your mother once showed me pictures, I said “I do not recognize” 45:38 T: It’s all gone 45:41 TR: Yeah. And it’s, I, I 45:43 T: It blew away. There was a huge sand dune there and, and of course when they put the entry in I think they straightened out instead of going 45:54 TR: Yeah. Turn of the century 45:55 T: to the oxbow and out where the pilings are down at the beach, they uh, I think they put that in in 1907. Somewhere in there 46:04 TR: It was just at the turn of the century. Yeah. And that amazed how that filled in and blocked that, that other channel. Like in a couple of winters 46:15 T: Well, it also depends on what the lake level is. Because I’ve gone in there with outboard from the oxbow in the river. 46:24 TR: I’ve we’ve went in with a canoe one time when it was high �46:25 T: Canoe. Canoe. I went in with an outboard once. 46:30 TR: Did you always have stairs down to the river, well, you didn’t own the property 46:32 T: of some sort. We didn’t own the property but 46:36 TR: They let you repairing rights or whatever 46:38 T: Well people are always claimed they had a, a, you know, and easement, but when it was all said and done there was no easement. But, uh we always used to go down there and come and go. 46:52 TR: Of, of the families now, how many of them can you say some relatives still live in the area? Obviously 46:59 T: Of, uh, what families? My family? 47:03 TR: Your, your, your family no. But of that of that area of the 50’s and the 60’s, how many families are still here do you think? Of some relatives that have stayed? The Randolph’s have obviously stayed over yeah. 47:16 T: The Randolph’s are around, yeah. 47:20 TR: Because I’m a new comer 47:22 T: You’re a new comer. Ted, you know a lot of people, there are a lot of people that are next generation. That, that, that continue and beyond next generation 47:30 TR: Yeah. You look at the cemetery. Yeah. Like the Divines that built my house 47:30 T: And into the third generation. 47:38 TR: You go to the cemeteries and you see all these names and oh wow. I’ve heard that name. And I wonder if those are still relatives or what. That type of thing. 47:45 T: Mmhm. No that, there are, there are a lot of them here. 47:50 TR: yeah. The uh 47:52 T: Unfortunately, the, you know, some families just came to a halt, of course, but not that many people moved away. This is an awfully nice place to live [laugh] 48:02 TR: Well, geographically I know. RJ always complained, you know the Kalamazoo lake is going to silt up and you’re not going to be able to use it. We still have that beautiful lake out �there, and I don’t know how much you can destroy Lake Michigan. You know. Some people try. Geographically, it’s a gorgeous area with the parks that we have. Wow. I can’t 48:20 T: The parks the cultural attributes. Terrific 48:28 TR: I’m just amazed at all the buildings in Douglas going on and the con, you know the condos. Just you know, in Douglas. Just continuous. You know, wow. They, I don’t know how desirable it is to live in Holland, but we’re so close. You commuted 48:47 T: Oh yeah. It’s only ten minutes away 48:48 TR: You commuted to Herman Miller, and uh, it’s a lot nicer than place in Holland for sure [laugh] 48:56 T: [laugh] 48:57 TR: And, uh, I, uh, can you think of any other little incidents or whatever 49:08 T: The um, I’m sure it’ll come, it’ll come, there’ll be things that I 49:13 TR: Yeah. Later. What was Sandra’s, your wife’s, uh, your future wife’s uh, impression of Saugatuck. 49:23 T: Oh she loved it. It was, yeah, you know 49:27 TR: Yeah. You didn’t have to really talk it up or anything like that 49:30 T: Well, she’s a Detroit gal. You know 49:31 TR: Yeah. Suburbs and 49:34 T: And it was 49:35 TR: A bit rural 49:36 T: huh? It was a bit rural. And you know amazingly, what’s incredible now, it’s over. My daughter was here with her family 49:43 TR: From New York City 49:44 T: From New York. Uh. Just over the fourth. And she said “you know, you forget about how for a town, or for a community like Douglas and Saugatuck that is technically a very small community” You know we’re two thousand people 50:07 TR: yes. It’s getting less and less population �50:09 T: There is an amazing amount of culture here. And there, you just can’t run out of stuff to do. It’s very difficult. You know. It is a very desirable place to live. 50:25 TR: You’re on the board now of the SCA 50:28 T: Center for the arts. Yeah. 50:30 TR: Yeah. And, uh, I remember I though, how are they going to justify all that. But they have. Just like the historical society which now is called the history center. How it’s grown. And it just amazes me. The willingness of people to, to give back to the community, you know. In some way 50:48 T: Well, you know, and we have this, this, uh. It’s like Chris. Chris, Chris lives here. Chris is not a resident. Right? 50:55 TR: Mmhmm. That’s the majority of the people 50:58 T: He’s a resident of Palm Springs. I saw the California plate. And there’s so many people that have this attitude that this is an incredibly nice place to be between May and October. And it’s so true. 51:20 TR: Yeah. But winters can be interesting if you’re not commuting and things that. The cross country skiing we’ve done and all that. That stuff, but uh 51:28 T: We just, we just need to get some more young people. More young people and that’s all. But then of course then the cost of real estate’s that they’re not going to be inside the city. They’re going to be outside the cities 51:38 TR: Yes. In the township or yes. Prices, just 51:45 T: [laugh] 51:48 TR: Just amazing. Yeah. Uh, do you think that Barret, your son, will stay in the area? 51:52 T: Yeah. Yeah 51:54 TR: He, he’s happy working for Herman Miller like you did, and, you think there’s any chance he’ll, what do you think he’ll do with the properties. Have there been conversations about that or will Barret continue on with something, or you don’t know or just? 52:12 T: I, I, I dare say that, well the problem is we’ve got Holland Street, we’ve got River side Drive, and we’ve got Mason Street. Mason Street is commercial, and Sandra has to decide what she wants to do with that. Holland Street is the family pyramid and that’s place for anybody that wants to come and stay, and 52:32 TR: Yeah, but �52:34 T: I don’t see us selling Riverside Drive and moving to Holland Street. I don’t see that happening, but I don’t see us selling Holland Street. 52:40 TR: No. No. But what about the works 52:42 T: Oh the works 52:43 TR: and all of that 52:44 T: Oh that’ll get bulldozed someday, and we’ll put up a new place. A studio for an artist and sell that. Something like that 52:52 TR: Ok. Yeah. Around your 52:54 T: But that’s priceless too because now it’s, now it’s surrounded by conserved land. 52:59 TR: yes. I was going to bring that up. We’ve all hiked through there. That, that’s a wonderful gift back to the community is that. And that’s why Riverside Drive people are tearing down houses and building bigger, and I guess better for them. Yeah 53:16 T: [laugh] And of course we’ve got to protect because we bought the most, you know. We own the, the, what. That chunk and that chunk and that chunk and that chunk. 53:28 TR: Yeah. 53:30 T: And the orchard 53:31 TR: And your neighbors have chunks 53:32 T: And the Mowers have two chunks. So all the orchard and all the way over to Holland Street is protected now 53:40 TR: When you moved back to, uh, Saugatuck after Europe you had, you bought the cottage? On Riverside Drive? 53:48 T: Yeah. 53:50 TR: And your plans were to to convert it in somewhere or to build it 53:55 T: Well you know we were looking, we were looking. It was between the house were we are on Riverside Drive and one over on Lake shore Drive in Douglas. 54:03 TR: Did not know that. Ah �54:08 T: Yeah. We were trying on the beach. We were trying to decide did we want to be on the river or on the beach. And we made the big mistake 54:15 TR: Oh. 54:15 T: We didn’t buy both of them [laugh] 54:16 TR: Yes. I can see the river because of the sailboat. 54:20 T: We should have bought both of them. 54:22 TR: Yeah I guess that’s sort of my understanding 54:23 T: Spend the winter on the river and the summer on the beach 54:26 TR: yeah. Yeah. Yeah. And, uh, so you, it was a choice of modifying the cottage on Riverside Drive or tearing it down 54:37 T: Well it, well it was remodel. You know. Addition. Addition. Addition. Addition. And then you know, it just got to the point where it was just time to. It was officially a remodeling. A remodeling with a bulldozer. Because we kept a piece of wall and a piece of floor. So it was officially a remodeling 54:55 TR: Yeah. And until about the, the situation though. Like we had that lunch. Why we could be that close to the river, and those neighbors saying 55:04 T: Because it needed, you know, it was an existing non-conforming, so the existing footprint. We had to stay in the footprint, or match the footprint. Which we did 55:15 TR: And so, somebody now could not build that close to the river, so it’s unique 55:19 T: no, because they put it back, you know from before. The setback now from the water is 75 feet. The previous setback was unstated. It’s just like next to Sylvia, um, in the house, that, that was a waterfront lot. They hadn’t gotten around to determining what a waterfront lot was in the zoning. So that lot had a rear set back of ten feet. And the rear line was the water. So that’s why that house is ten feet from the water. Then they changed it to 25 inside the city of Saugatuck. So you can’t build closer than 25 feet. 56:00 TR: So you got the unique situation, which is wonderful. The, uh, through the years have you seen a difference between, uh, the ownership of boat type things being the opposite of sailboats to powerboats. Have it always been about equal or, or, or what? 56:20 T: Well no, you know before there were powerboats there were nothing but sailboats. Obviously �56:28 TR: So there’s fewer and fewer 56:29 T: So there’s fewer sailboats and more you know, but now when the price of gas when through the roof, everybody bought a hard bottom inflatable. And they learned how to run little tiny hard bottom inflatables, and now they do that. Of course the personal water craft have gone through a, through. What, what’s this year? This year we went out, Loring and Aaron, my daughter and son in law 56:55 TR: The river queen? 56:56 T: No 56:56 TR: No 56:57 T: They went on to the retro, to the retro electric boat guys. Last year they rented one of the retro electric boats. This year they went down and rented a new boat which they have a series of doughnut boats [laugh] 57:10 TR: Yes. Oh we were talking about that 57:11 T: And we went out on a doughnut boat one afternoon. What a laugh 57:14 TR: How things have changed [laugh] 57:17 T: How things have changed. The one thing I will say is, and it goes along with the comments about real estate and real estate values is the slips are half the size they should be 57:28 TR: Really? 57:30 T: If the slips were twice as big 57:32 TR: You’d have bigger boats 57:33 T: You’d have bigger boats. And real estate would be worth more 57:34 TR: Maybe that’s a blessing in disguise. Uh, because I often thought about 57:37 T: That’s one of the biggest prob, right now that’s one of the biggest constraints on property values. Is size, is the size of a slip. 57:50 TR: Is that why your neighbor bought a one, to keep a boat? Because they were on Lake Michigan? Didn’t they own something on Lake Michigan? 57:55 T: Yeah. Yeah. That’s right. They did. They had a pool on the Lake shore drive, south of the washout. Patrick �57:58 TR: So it’s an advantage obviously to have a home on the river because you can keep a boat, and, uh, and the size, some big boats 58:06 T: Right, and uh. You can keep some big boats. And Dick Hayworth’s got the A’ frame, and Dick’s Eagle Feather’s 70 feet. 58:18 TR: Yeah, I, people talk about it. I haven’t see it. He obviously hasn’t invited me, so that’s all right. 58:25 T: No. And Lucy Penguin’s down there now. They had, they bought Kelly’s, and, uh, Lucy Penguin’s got to be in the same class. 58:34 TR: Yeah. Well now we see helicopters buzzing over, and people commuting, and geez. That’s 58:40 T: But something it’s just like you know, if, if, if, if the Dennison property goes through and they build what 58:50 TR: Well, it has gone through. Yes. 58:51 T: Well, who knows. Um. But if that, if they build big slips, there’s going to be big boats, and that’s going to change the whole well 59:00 TR: I can imagine because people shop. Do they shop or do they go to restaurants? Do they support the arts? 59:08 T: Oh, I think you’ll find they do. 59:10 TR: I hope so 59:12 T: They do, do, uh, do, and they’re also 8 minutes away from a jet port. [laugh] 59:15 TR: yup, yup, yeah, oh boy. So. We, uh, there is a future. Your property might be pretty good 59:18 T: Things, things, things, things could change rapidly 59:28 TR: Yeah, I’m surprised at some of the sizes I see now. And I never thought about this. Size of the slips, and yeah. What, what do you feel about Douglas buying the Tower marine? Just just does that seem feasible or right? 59:38 T: well, you know the fiscal, fiscal, reality of a city, of the city having a municipal marina 59:48 TR: There are some in Michigan �59:50 T: Yes. You cannot get government grants to improve your waterfront 59:57 TR: Unless you own 59:59 T: Unless you own a municipal marina. And Douglas now has a municipal marina in fact, between 1:00:08 TR: That one on the bayou 1:00:10 T: on the bayou side, between Bud Max’s place and Notten’s between the two, they are now officially, they’re now in they now qualify to get grants. To get federal grants. Saugatuck does not have a municipal marina. So it doesn’t qualify. It doesn’t get municipal grants. Federal grants 1:00:30 TR: Interesting 1:00:31 T: To move their water front. And if they did, which would be Saugatuck yacht service. If they did do something like purchase that then they’d qualify and both of the cities could combine their grantage and get enough money to dredge Kalamazoo Lake. So there, there is logic 1:00:45 TR: Ah. That’s the point that is being made 1:00:53 T: to it. There is logic to it. It would take the property off the tax rolls, but it would replace it with grant money coming from the federal government. So. 1:01:04 of the area TR: Ah. Yeah and that was one of the questions there: what do you see the future 1:01:12 T: [pause] it’s not going to go downhill. 1:01:15 TR: Not going to go downhill? 1:01:16 T: uh uh 1:01:17 TR: Yeah we do have 1:01:18 T: We’ve got one of the best school systems in the state 1:01:20 TR: We do 1:01:21 T: We’ve got, you know and an incredible community full of with you know. One of the great strengths of Saugatuck Douglas is diversity. And you can just see it. This place just reeks of quality, skilled talented people 1:01:40 TR: [laugh] I would agree �1:01:42 T: And it is amazing. It’s just wonderful. And that’s not going to change. 1:01:45 TR: I remember when 1:01:46 T: They may go away in the winter. They may go to Palm Springs, or they may go to Miami, but in the summer they’re all going to be here 1:01:55 TR: Yeah. You want to be here. Yeah. I remember when your wife Sandra sold me my house you know, on Butler Street. Then I was thinking of buying something in Holland and you said you do not want to be in Holland. You do not want to be in, and Holland was very different. Holland then. I’m glad I took your advice there 1:02:14 T: Yes. It was a very different Holland then [laugh] 1:02: 20 TR: The, uh, any other thoughts or comments or, I know that you said later on that things might occur to you they could follow up. It would be nice to get Sandra to you know do a little oral history 1:02:30 T: Well she can tell you the story of being a retailer 1:02:35 TR: Retail! Yes. Very important. Yes, still is in there. Retail 1:02:40 T: mm hm, and she, now she was on the school board for 18 years. 1:02:45 TR: Yup, and she knows that—oh! With your uh, company Sipeto (?) up in Zealand. I assume it’s Zealand? 1:02:50 T: yup 1:02:51 TR: yeah. Did you ever think about it, having a manufacturing plant here? 1:03:03 T: The, um, the Hayworth plant sings a siren’s song [laugh] 1:03:05 TR: ok. Ok 1:03:08 T: The problem is that they, you know, who was it? Scot Gearlings, the developer went through went through a lot of, I was part of the package trying to get the remediation done for the contamination. It has just gone on and on and on and on 1:03:25 TR: And will 1:03:30 T: and hasn’t happened. And if that would happen, then it would go. 1:03:32 TR: Isn’t that interesting �1:03:34 T: The other side of that is, is uh, I mean there’s a 7-acre plant there. 7 acre piece of property that has a 150,000 square of building sprinkled 1:03:45 TR: Ready 1:03:48 T: Ready to go with the powder coat line in place. You know. It’s just sitting there. If they’d just remediate the place so that you could turn it into something. 1:03:58 TR: Isn’t it interesting that I found out that you helped build part of that. The connection. What comes around is truly amazing 1:04:08 T: Yeah. What comes around comes around. You can’t escape it. 1:04:10 TR: Right. I, um, yeah. In our lifetime, we obviously have seen a lot of changes and, uh, I don’t know how long we’re going to live, but it seems the pace is even faster. The building and all those things and all that. 1:04:28 T: How long we’ll live. I’m on my third life time now [laugh] 1:04:29 TR: We don’t know. I know. I know. That’s what we call you. A born again vegetarian. Yeah. Twice over 1:04:40 T: [laugh]. Yeah. 1:04:42 TR: Well if we can’t think of too much more I think we can wrap it up, but I’ve, I’ve learned a little bit more of, of, uh. I’ve heard some of these stories over and over, and loved hearing them again 1:04:52 T: You never heard about my folks, my grandparents being Christian Scientists though, did you? 1:04:55 TR: No. no. I thought that was just your mother side 1:04:58 Erbana. T: No, no. They were in the Christian Science Church. And then they met in 1:05:06 TR: That’s interesting yeah. And there were some real characters. Um, Burt Tilstrom, um, 1:05:10 T: oh yeah 1:05:12 TR: Some significant people and my contribution was the stone wall from the lower garden. That was my gift back to Sylvia as a remembrance type of thing so. That hopefully will out live me. Yeah. Type of thing. I guess that’s a wrap you can 1:05:28 T: Ok. �1:05:29 TR: All right. 1:05:29 T: Thank you 1:05:30 TR: Thank you recording ends 1:05:34 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-RandolphT-20180721 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Randolph, Travis Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018-07-21 Title A name given to the resource Travis Randolph (Audio interview and transcript), 2018 Description An account of the resource Travis shares memories of Saugatuck from the 1950s, '60s, and '70s. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Reyda, Ted (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich.) Outdoor recreation Oral history Audio recordings Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Documenting the Histories of Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas, Kutsche Office of Local History Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/eef78c10dbb29076ac9e3c296b7a3666.jpg 0d4c3dda79c322a8bee579a6c5c84580 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context TravisAnthony_Photo01 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Travis, Anthony Description An account of the resource Anthony Travis, History Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng