981 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/66c08ae8764bf937170381798d7fc3b6.mp4 ece3478c205d9b7eb784cd3a914e0274 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/682dc10301b92b657dec9d42845b7eac.pdf b58bbd56da9a74fd3a0ea4fc1643c81f PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Bertram Zheutlin (25:15) Introduction Zheutlin was born in New Jersey and did undergraduate education at the University of Michigan, then attended medical school at Johns Hopkins. For years before the outbreak of war, he knew about the threat of Germany and Japan, and wondered if he would be allowed to graduate from medical school. Entry into service (0:35) Pearl Harbor occurred near the end of Zheutlin’s medical education, and he volunteered for service while still a student. Zheutlin was allowed to finish medical school before going into service, which he did in three years (2:12) When the war started Zheutlin and his fellow students were ashamed not to be in the war, and would wear khaki pants and shirts while on the street to appear is if they were in the service. Some would go so far as limp to appear wounded Europe (2:46) After finishing medical school, Zheutlin immediately went into the army where he was trained and sent to Europe as a lieutenant in the medical corps. Zheutlin mentions that men were assigned according to arrival times, with one of the men with him sent up to the front and killed a week later. (4:29) Zheutlin was sent to a hospital because of his medical training. Severely wounded men were sent back to the U.S. for better care. Zheutlin talks about how the crippled young men knew it was for a good cause. (5:10) Zheutlin describes people in New Jersey being able to see enemy submarines, and how the beaches in Jersey would be oily from the wreckage. (6:08) Zheutlin was happy to be doing what he trained for. Some of the doctors there were also professors, so he could keep learning. Zhevtlin also wrote a few medical papers while in Europe. He was also very happy not to be at the front, but felt he was doing his job. �(7:10) Zheutlin is proud of the medical corps. He was a captain when he left the service and would have been a major had he stayed in the reserves. (7:44) Zheutlin was under fire a few times while on trains. Zheutlin recounts one incident where the commander was killed and he was the ranking officer. (8:46) Zheutlin talks about his views on patriotism and feels people were more patriotic back then. (9:04) Zheutlin spent a year in the occupation army in Germany. Zheutlin talks about the basic training doctors went through and how hard it was on the doctors, some of whom were in their fifties. (10:17) Zheutlin talks about the ravages of war, and how allied bombers left standing buildings to use as headquarters later. The major cities in Germany that were bombed smelled of bodies. (12:10) Zheutlin talks about entering concentration camps. Zheutlin tells of a relative who escaped and joined a guerilla group. (13:51) Zheutlin talks about his army training. Had infiltration courses, but no weapons training. The “West Point of the medical corps” was in Pennsylvania. (14:30) Zheutlin feels lucky to have been in a hospital. He had clean bedding and regularly at a table with others. (15:00) Zheutlin talks about trying to locate a relative in a concentration camp (17:59) Zheutlin describes how his escaped relative was a guerilla in eastern Poland and some of the experiences of that relative, and how those experiences changed him. (18:10) Zheutlin talks about the operations of the Dutch underground and Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome and how thunderstorms still bother him. His experiences made him have feeling for his fellow man. �(22:00) Zheutlin also flew in aircraft during the war to pick up severely wounded and was amazed at how cheerful they were. (23:24) When Zheutlin returned the military offered a lot of enticements to go into the reserves, but he decided to go into practice instead. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ZheutlinB Title A name given to the resource Zheutlin, Bertam (Interview outline and video), 2007 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zheutlin, Bertam Description An account of the resource Bertam Zheutlin served in the medical corps during WW II. Still in medical school when the war broke out, Zheutlin recounts what it was like to be a civilian waiting to go to war, as well as his experiences as a doctor during the war and the training he underwent. Zheutlin also talks about the psychological after effects of war and of a relative who had escaped a concentration camp in Poland and become a guerilla. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Zheutlin, Alex (Interviewer) Forest Hills Eastern High School (Ada, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans United States. Army World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Video recordings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-06-02 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5dc96ed27bb20ae2886f4ea0d48ff227.mp4 78ca1c3b6f8ca2b0ea7e259faf00fd44 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/fcbe507ea9eef31e9e4fc06ccdc76251.pdf d9d85dc95e656b1b4573ce6a7fa403e2 PDF Text Text Ziebart, Kenneth Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Name of War: Korean War Interviewee’s Name: Kenneth Ziebart Length of Interview: (43:49) Interviewed by: James Smither Transcribed by: Maluhia Buhlman Interviewer: “We’re talking today with Kenneth Ziebart of St. Joseph, Michigan and the interviewer is James Smither of the Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project. Okay start us off with some background on yourself to begin with, where and when were you born?” I was born on May 23, 1928. Interviewer: “And where were you born?” In St. Joseph, Michigan. Interviewer: “Okay, so did you grow up there?” (00:28) I grew up in town till I was about seven years old and then we moved to a farm about six miles out of town. Interviewer: “Okay, now had your family been farmers all along or did your father lose his job in the 30s or what happened?” Well he lost his job I think in the 30s but he did have another job besides the thing but my mother was a farmer and her family she comes from a farming family. Off camera voice: “He was a butcher.” �Ziebart, Kenneth Interviewer: “Alright now you were still pretty young then but do you remember hearing about Pearl Harbor?” Definitely. Interviewer: “Okay, how did you learn about it?” Well I was– Had the radio on I was listening to the football game, now according to the things that said that it was the Bears were playing New York Giants. I differ that I said they– I would say they were playing the Green Bay Packers that day but I could be wrong. Interviewer: “Okay, but you were listening to the Bears game?” Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, alright so it comes on there, now–” They stopped the program and announce that Pearl Harbor– Interviewer: “Okay yeah, now did the start of the war affect things very much in your community?” (2:15) Oh definitely I think so. Interviewer: “In what ways?” Factories had to change there from making washing machines to making ammunition, (untelligible) and stuff. Interviewer: “And did you have rationing and that kind of thing?” �Ziebart, Kenneth What? Interviewer: “Was there rationing?” Oh definitely rationing yes, not so much for the farmers but for city people I think it was pretty– Yeah, hard on them. Interviewer: “Yeah cause you’ve got more gas because you were farmers.” Yes we got– We received more gas. Interviewer: “And you could grow your own food, at least some of it so–” Yeah. Interviewer: “Alright, okay now did you, as the war– As World War II dragged on did you think it might last long enough for you to get into it?” (3:10) Well I didn’t– Actually I went through 8th grade and then decided to farm. I didn’t go any further in my education so I don’t think I– Well I know, I remember my 8th grade teachers telling me that we would be in the Army in four years from whenever it was but it didn’t happen exactly that way. Interviewer: “At least not exactly that way, yet you do eventually wind up in the Army. So how did that happen?” Well I– When I was 18 I reported to the thing and I evidently missed the final draft of World War II. So I– But they kept the information, you know from there and I think I wasn’t in the first group that they was– Picked from my– Our area but I was in the second group for the Korean war. �Ziebart, Kenneth Interviewer: “Alright, now cause the Korean war– Cause you registered for the draft so you’re eligible for a certain number of years, and during that time period the Korean war starts, it was in June of 1950. So when did you get drafted?” I got drafted in 1950, the 17th of November. Interviewer: “Right, yeah so and at that point they now need a lot more men in the Army and so the draft gets expanded and they find you. Okay, where did you go for basic training?” Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri. Interviewer: “Alright and what was that like?” Well I kind of didn’t mind it because I could get a ride home on the weekends if we got passes and stuff. I know that we took basic training and I know that our basic training was over at Christmas time. Interviewer: “So that was only about six weeks?” (5:36) Six weeks, yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, now what did the basic training consist of?” Infantry training basically, it was all infantry type things. Interviewer: “Well how much emphasis was there on discipline, following orders?” Well I think it was pretty sharp at, you know keeping us straight, learned how to make a bed for one thing. �Ziebart, Kenneth Interviewer: “Okay, now how easy or hard was it for you to adjust to life in the Army?” I think I had an easy time adjusting, I didn’t have no problems. Interviewer: “Okay, well as a farmer you were probably in pretty good shape. So you could do the physical work, and you were used to obeying orders?” In a way, yes. Interviewer: “Okay, so those are the things that throw people off and you were– Were you a little bit older than all of the guys you were training with?” Yeah I think I was basically, probably the group that I got called in was about the same age but our cadre that was trying to train us was younger than we were and this did create a little problem with them, I think more so than it did with us older ones– Fellas. Interviewer: “So those guys were guys who went in when they were 18 and then they’ve got a bunch of you guys who are 21.” (7:23) They were in– Well they were in reserve see, and they got called in and that’s how this went about. Interviewer: “Alright, now you have six weeks and after the six weeks of basic do you get to go home and come back or?” Well there was a six week training thing that I didn’t get in, I was one of the few that didn’t being– Having my name with Z it was– All the places were full and these fellas all went to– That got that training went to Fort Camp Belvoir, Maryland. Interviewer: “Or Virginia maybe?” �Ziebart, Kenneth That was engineering [unintelligible] And come back after six weeks there was a– That was one part where there really was nothing for us to do that was left there. Interviewer: “So you basically– You finish basic training and then you sit around Fort Leonard Wood?” Well they didn’t let us sit around, we were pulling KP and guard duty on a pretty basic time, you know what I mean. We– They made sure, I mean there was stuff that we could do. Interviewer: “Alright now did you eventually–” I personally ended up in the hospital right after basic training because we were sent out to the rifle range with a machine gun to get rid of some old ammunition and of course all day long we’re shooting trees down, down at Fort Leonard Wood and I got kind of carried away a little said “Well I’m gonna shoot left handed.” And I had a vaccination on my thing and that got– Well I got infected and put in the hospital for a little, couple of– Few days, then we went on from there. Interviewer: “Alright, now did you eventually get any specialized training? Did you train as an engineer?” (9:50) No, no I didn’t. Interviewer: “You said you just had basic training and then you didn’t get to go to Fort Belvoir with the other guys.” The only special training that I did get was probably in train tracks and stuff like that. We had a little bit of that stuff but other than for what we went into when we did go to Korea, I was not trained really on that. �Ziebart, Kenneth Interviewer: “Alright, so when did you go to Korea?” Well we– Well– Interviewer: “Or did you have more time in the U.S first?” I’d say about a year from when I started– Went in and I– But took 13 days to get to Yokohama. Interviewer: “Well let’s go back now to that first year though, so you had your basic training at Fort Leonard Wood and then did you just stay at Fort Leonard Wood after that or did they send you somewhere else?” No, we were shipped out to the west coast to California to Camp Beale, it was Beale Air Force Base after we went in and we did work a little bit. There I got a little training on machinery and stuff. It was altogether different than the farming I did. Interviewer: “Okay, now is this the kind of machinery that they used to maintain runways and that sort of thing?” (11:23) Yes, built runways. Interviewer: “Alright, okay so you are getting some on the job training but in the regular duty assignment.” And the was up summer till fall when we were sent– Interviewer: “Okay, now what part of California is Camp Beale in?” Camp Beale is– Have you ever heard of Marysville and Yuba city? It’s east of San Francisco about 50 miles from Sacramento. �Ziebart, Kenneth Interviewer: “Alright, so kind of central California.” North east of sacr– So it probably be a little bit north of Sacramento. Interviewer: “Alright, now was that in the valley there where Sacramento is or was it fairly flat?” Well it was pretty flat I thought, there was a lot of fruit raised in that area and like I said you could see the mountains. We were close to the mountains too because we– If we had a pass to get out of there we could ride to Nevada City and Green Valley, these were a couple small towns between Reno in there. Fact even I went one weekend to Reno just to see what it was like. Interviewer: “Okay, I mean did you go skiing or just go into the mountains, go into the towns just to do something.” Yeah we just– Mostly scenic stuff. Interviewer: “Okay, alright now did you think that maybe you’d get to spend your whole time there?” (13:15) No, we realized we were in a camp and we were going somewhere, but you know they fooled us because we had to pack up all the stuff and we were sure we were going to Alaska but that wasn’t what it was. Interviewer: “Alright, okay so now at the– You get kind of into the fall then towards the end of the year, now you get to go to Korea.” Now we get going to Korea. Interviewer: “Okay, and how did they get you to Korea?” �Ziebart, Kenneth We got on a boat with 600 Navy men [unintelligible] and about 3500 soldiers on the boat. Interviewer: “Alright, now was this a troop transport?” It was– I kinda forgot the name of it but it had a sister ship that we come back on, I know the two of them are very much alike. Interviewer: “Alright, and were these like APAs, I mean big transport ships or are you not–” Yeah I think it was a big transport one. Interviewer: “Okay, alright but it wasn’t a converted ocean liner or something.” It was converted to move troops, I mean we had close to 5000 people on that boat. Interviewer: “Alright, okay now how does that actually work in terms of feeding people or anything else, how do you spend your time?” (14:42) We got two meals a day, if you weren’t seasick, and that was one in the morning in different shifts depending on what part of the boat you were in and you went in there to get it. You never got a noon meal you got a— [phone ringing] Interviewer: “Alright, now what was the weather like on the way over?” Well we ran into the end of a typhoon that hit the Hawaiian islands, but we were north of that and it took us 13 days before we landed in Yokohama. [phone call] �Ziebart, Kenneth Interviewer: “Alright, okay so we settled that part– Alright now did you get seasick yourself?” Well no, not seasick I had a friend who wasn’t a doctor but he worked with the doctors, you know and he got me with the pills and kept me going until I– I’ll tell you one fellow across from me, we stand up when we eat and stuff, he got sick while we was there and he threw up across table and I mean I couldn’t– Fool me for eating at that time but I remember my friend he got me some oranges and he says “Just keep sucking on them, you’ll be alright.” And I did alright. Interviewer: “Okay, now when you got to Yokohama did you get to get off the ship?” Yes but right on to a railcar. Interviewer: “Okay, and then where did they send you?” To Sasebo, Japan where we got on a, what they called a ferry boat, a wooden boat and it was a beautiful ship, I mean evidently it was– At one time it must’ve been a Japanese treasure or you know whatever but it only took us overnight to get to Busan, Korea. Interviewer: “Right, and then from there where did you go?” (17:45) Well we went about– I think it was about six miles out of Busan to K-2. Interviewer: “Okay, so that’s an air base.” The air base yeah. Interviewer: “Alright, and once you got there now what is your job?” Well I started off I was the oiler on a train– On a crane and back then, you know you got a job and you had a job for 12 hours straight every day and I think the fellow that was operating the �Ziebart, Kenneth crane the second day we were out there he says “Hey, you think you can take and operate this crane?” He said “I gotta go in the thing for a little while.” I said “Yeah, I think I can do it.” And he said “Well get up there and show me you can do it.” So I did and filled a couple trucks with dirt, you know [unintelligible] extend the airport and he was satisfied so I did the rest but I never saw him the rest of the day until I got back in the camp and he’s “Well now we’re going to two– Three, eight hour things.” Well, that didn’t work out too good. Well, we got the– They decided well they brought us all over and we had one company and we’re all going back the same time. So they decided to split us in three groups and I got in a group that went up to Seoul and K-16 at that time. Interviewer: “Alright, so you spend most of you time up at a base near Seoul rather than down near Busan.” (19:43) And there I worked a night shift, 12 hour shift but I didn’t operate a crane or anything at first until the fella that was operating the– This wasn’t a crane but it was a– We call them dip sticks it was a hydraulic– Interviewer: “Like a backhoe or?” Yeah, backhoe like only it went forward, you know and then I got that job for the rest of the– My time. Interviewer: “So why did they need them around the clock?” What’s that? Interviewer: “Well I would think you’d do most that kind of work during the day, wouldn’t you? When you can see something?” �Ziebart, Kenneth Well this– Where we did it they had six rock crushers and we were picking the rock out of thing which this mountain– Hill was solid rock in places and there were times when we had to dynamite the rock to get it out of there we couldn’t even shovel to get it out and– Interviewer: “But you could do that around the clock?” Yeah, we would– We very seldom run an asphalt plant and crushers during the night in fact they never– They didn’t even have lights in that area, the generator was down near the– It was right along Han River and the generator would be in that place. Interviewer: “Alright, so if you had a night shift what would you do? If you had to work, you know in the middle of the night?” Yeah well I– After about two months before that I was just over 50 Korean workers that were picking rocks and stuff from the crusher and then after that I operated a crane which was probably for about six– Five or six months– Or the shovel. Interviewer: “Alright, now on the base where you were at then did you– Was it dangerous at all, were there any attacks?” (22:02) Well when we got– When we landed Pusan they had six miles, square miles, of land in the southern part, we could hear the shells. Interviewer: “Okay so you arrive and– Well you wouldn’t have gotten to Pusan thought until long after the Pusan perimeter fight.” Exactly, I think it was just after– I’m thinking it was right after MacArthur landed at Inchon. Interviewer: “Okay, well he lands at Inchon in September of 1950. So you’re not there yet and they break out of Pusan perimeter at the same time.” �Ziebart, Kenneth Well, no we didn’t break out until he got– He cut the Chinese off. Interviewer: “Yeah, that’s still September that’s– So that happens then we push north and then they push back south again. So when did you get to Korea?” What? Interviewer: “When did you arrive in Korea?” I would say probably mid November of– Well I know it was November of 1950 because– or sorry, ‘51. Interviewer: “ ‘51 yeah okay.” 1951 because we had our Thanksgiving dinner on that train going down to Sasebo. Interviewer: “Okay yeah, alright so basically by then the front has basically stabilized across the middle of the country.” (23:40) Yeah by then they had the Chinese trapped is what happened and I didn’t realize there was that many Chinese. I happened to see a movie of there and they said there was 350,000 were trapped you know in– Interviewer: “You don’t really trap–” In South Korea, that gave up, you know surrendered it. Now where they kept them I don’t know, they couldn’t have kept them in Korea I know that. Interviewer: “Well I’m not sure about the numbers and so forth but there was a lot of back and forth early on, we had pushed them back the last time– Okay, in any case so it’s fairly �Ziebart, Kenneth settled, I was asking then sort of how dangerous things were and you were talking about being down at Pusan. I mean did the base down at Pusan get attacked at all? Did Taegu get hit by enemy aircraft or anything?” It was a– They were stopped at down at that area, they had stopped and we made– We had our– When I say “we” I mean our army had them– There was a river that went across from one side to the other and at that river they had set up. Interviewer: “I was just asking when you were there. So when you were there, when you were at K-2, so that’s end of ‘52 beginning of– Or end of ‘51 beginning of ‘52, at that time were there– Did the enemy attack the base at all?” I think they were driven back already, you know I spent one night I remember on guard duty in a rail station and I could hear shells, you know were going off but other than that I didn’t see no action really. Interviewer: “Okay, now when you got to the area around Seoul, I mean you’ve got some pictures of battle damage or whatever, damaged buildings and things like that.” (25:50) Seoul was flattened at that time there was, I think, one or two buildings left in the city. Interviewer: “Armies had gone through it several times by that time I guess, but the base that you were on– Did your bases ever get attacked by enemy air units?” Only– I’m gonna say only one time, small crane– Or plane come across one night and dropped a few hand bombs in the middle and we had to fill the holes the next day so that the planes could land. Interviewer: “Okay, so mostly it was pretty quiet then.” Yeah. �Ziebart, Kenneth Interviewer: “Alright so how– So basically you spent your time kind of running equipment and– Now you mentioned–” Like I say it was just doing a job to me in this country only we worked 12 hours instead of eight hours. Interviewer: “Right, okay now you mentioned that for a while there you were supervising a gang of Korean laborers.” Yeah. Interviewer: “So what was that like?” Well that wasn’t bad at all because these Koreans were hard working people, you know I mean you didn’t have to tell them too much. They knew what they was gonna do and they did it. Interviewer: “Did they have a Korean supervisor or somebody–” (27:20) Yes, that– Well somebody that could talk English because that’s the only way we communicated, most of them couldn’t talk English. Interviewer: “Okay, now when you were living on these bases what kinds of accommodations did you have?” Well you saw the picture of the tents, we lived in tents, in my tent I think of 23 and me, I mean age of 24 is when I got in there. I was put in charge of the tent because I had a corporal's thing and I thought that was funny because all these guys were just privates or private first class, I mean in fact I said to the guys “There must be somebody with more than me.” “Nope, this is your tent.” I never actually met but one guy and he worked midnights with me and that’s how I �Ziebart, Kenneth got in touch with him. The other 22, they were gone, hopped into the village, they had their ways in the village, I didn’t have no problems there at all. Interviewer: “Alright, so you had a big tent and not a lot of occupants.” Hm? Interviewer: “You had a big tent and a lot of the guys were gone during the night?” Oh I don’t know what they did– Well yeah they were all gone, in fact the colored– It was a colored fellow, the fellow that was on duty– On night shift, he drove a water truck he’d see that we had water all the time. He was real nice in fact he comes to me and I remember the first night I was– Didn’t have to go to work at first, till the next day and I see these guys coming in, everyone was black and you know I never saw that before, you know and I must’ve really shown that to this fellow and he comes to me and he says “Don’t worry, I’ll take care of them.” He was next in line behind me, he says “They’ll all be gone tonight.” He says “They’ll be back tomorrow.” Interviewer: “Okay, so were there a lot of blacks from the engineering units or?” (30:05) In this one there was, we had 85% black. Interviewer: “Because during World War II there had been a lot of all black engineer units who did things like build the Burma Road and so forth.” We had, like I said, about 15% white. Interviewer: “Yeah, because they were integrating the Army by that time, so they were starting to mix– So the unit you were in may well have been originally a black unit and they were rotating some white troops into it.” �Ziebart, Kenneth Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, now let’s see– So you’ve got the big tents, now are the tents heated? Do you have stoves in there?” Oh yeah, we had two little stoves in there, the oil stoves that’s it, but one thing– Well we’re up north there then, it got cold but very little snow, we saw very little snow up there. Interviewer: “Now did you have a lot of Koreans working on the base?” Oh yeah, we had our own house boy and they’d have in the– Where the cooks were they had a lot of Koreans working in there. Interviewer: “Okay and were you ever worried that some of them might be on the other side?” (31:28) No I didn’t worry about it because they all seemed nice, they were real nice I always thought but they could’ve been, I mean because you can’t tell one from another. Interviewer: “Alright, now did you have much of a sense of what was going on in the actual war or were you just minding your own business?” Well it was the 38th barrel was stopped and I mean there was no real fighting going on I don’t think, to speak of. Like I say it was just like a job, a regular job like you do in this country. Interviewer: “Okay, now did you spend all of your time on the base or did you get to go into Seoul or go anywhere else?” I went into Seoul one time and that was when the– They have the monsoons in Korea and we couldn’t work out in the– At night at the quarry because the river was high and flood waters were coming in and– But if you didn’t have guard duty you could have time to go into Seoul or �Ziebart, Kenneth Yeongdeungpo which was a kind of a main city for industry in Korea and in fact we had to vacate our area because the channel going around it, it was like a– Well it was a highland, and we had to vacate it for about, oh a couple days and get out of there because we were afraid the bridge was gonna wash out. Interviewer: “So you got a little bit of time off for that.” Yeah. Interviewer: “Alright, and you said that Seoul was pretty well flattened, did we have facilities that we had put up for people there?” That was what was left, we didn’t put them up I mean we took them over, you know like we went into Seoul to get some hamburgers and add five– The building we went into was five stories high and the hamburger place, it was like McDonald’s but it was the fifth floor up and we had waited probably three hours before you could work your way up there to get them and when you bought them you better get at least a dozen at a time. Interviewer: “Alright, now did you get to– Any kind of leave to go anywhere else?” (34:35) I had one leave to Japan. Interviewer: “Okay, and where did you go in Japan?” Well, to tell you the truth I don’t really know. Interviewer: “Okay, they just took you some place.” Yeah I just was– Well I think it was in Tokyo and I stayed at a hotel there it was called Fuji Hotel, it was as pretty nice place, for about a week and– Yeah, always found a girl that would �Ziebart, Kenneth take you shopping, if you wanted to go shopping, and she could save you a ton of money, so I remember that. Interviewer: “Alright, so how did the Japanese people treat you?” As your best friend, they were very nice. Interviewer: “Okay, did that surprise you at all having grown up in World War II?” Not really, I think– You know they had a problem as far as the Japanese and Koreans, so they didn’t– The Japanese really had to stay out of this, peace action. Interviewer: “Yeah they had been in Korea and were not very nice, so Koreans didn’t like them.” (36:05) They raped that country. Interviewer: “Alright, now if you think about the year you spent in Korea are there particular things that stand out in your memory that you haven’t talked about yet?” Well I was on the– During the monsoons, which was in August usually late July and August, I was– Had to pull guard duty up out at the quarry where we had out asphalt plant and stuff, and I was supposed to be relieved after four hours because there was– We had maybe ten guys that worked out there at night, so we took– Supposedly took turns but I never got relieved all night long. I know I fell asleep on guard duty but it was pouring rain all the time and there was a guard house there, so I didn’t just sit in there and wait till morning. That was one thing I remembered but somehow they got their thing screwed up and when they didn’t get their guys there I didn’t think it would create any problem or anything nobody else was– I didn’t have to worry about anybody else coming to take a crusher away so– They might come and blow them up but boy it would have been hard. �Ziebart, Kenneth Interviewer: “Okay, did you have any problems either with theft or sabotage or anything?” No I don’t really think so, I don’t recall any. Interviewer: “So nobody was stealing a rock crusher or anything like that?” No, that wouldn’t happen on a southern Korean, or north Korean might steal a southern Korean thing. The other thing that I– I noticed how thin people were and I really felt sorry for them, you know they went through all this big war and taken over by the Japanese and now this. Everything getting blown up– Like Seoul wasn’t a bad city I think at one time, but it was flattened and they rebuilt that whole thing I understand from what I see online and stuff everything’s rebuilt. In fact Gimpo airport, basically we made our larger air field there become their international airport. Interviewer: “Right, it still is.” (39:20) Still is. Interviewer: “Alright, okay so as you got sort of to the end of your enlistment did the Army make an effort to encourage you to stay?” Oh yeah. Interviewer: “What did they offer you?” Nothing, I don’t think– They may have offered something but I didn’t, you know it was just I was ready to go home. Interviewer: “Alright, now how did they get you back home?” By boat, but it only took us nine days by boat. �Ziebart, Kenneth Interviewer: “Alright, was the weather better?” Yeah we didn’t have a damn typhoon to fight. Interviewer: “Alright, and where do you land in the U.S?” San Francisco. Interviewer: “Okay, now did they discharge you there or send you some place else?” Oh no, we got sent to Camp McCoy in Wisconsin, that’s at Eau Claire, Wisconsin and it was closed when we got there and they had to call in a unit to– Interviewer: “The MPs?” (40:32) A guard unit to come in and reduce– And I remember getting– I got– I was the last one on the day before Thanksgiving to get [unintelligible] but it was at about quarter after 12 in Thanksgiving. So that was my Thanksgiving I rode back– Well I had a car it was one of these– It was a 49– What was the car we had, Rich? Off camera voice: “35 Chevrolet.” No, no that was– These were newer ones 49 you had one of them funny backseat, what was the name of the car? They don’t make it anymore but it was a [unintelligible] I did lose a tire and a thing going back home. Interviewer: “But you had a car at Camp McCoy?” Yeah, we had to go home– From home up to there on Sunday before we checked in out there. Of course I got let go with civilian clothes because I had shipped my Army clothes home from San Francisco and they never got there in time. �Ziebart, Kenneth Off camera voice: “Kaiser Frazer was the car.” Kaiser, it was a Kaiser. Interviewer: “Alright, now once you got back home now what do you do? So you’re out of the Army–” Well I was lucky I had been on a farm but I always found a winter job in town, in one of the factories or some place and I just met here to stand at 3M corporation. They made– What did they make, phonographs and phonographic material and I just stayed there for about 26 years and after that– But they went bankrupt so I had to find another job. Interviewer: “Alright, now when you look back at the time you spent in the Army do you think you learned anything from it or if it affected you at all?” (43:27) Yeah I– Okay I wouldn’t want to go through it again– I wouldn’t have given a nickel to go through it again but I think I got an education. The one thing that I noticed was how good we have it here in this country compared to the countries over there. Interviewer: “Alright, well thank you for taking the time to share the story today.” �Ziebart, Kenneth � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ZiebartK2176V Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ziebart, Kenneth Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-12 Title A name given to the resource Ziebart, Kenneth (Interview transcript and video), 2017 Description An account of the resource Kenneth Ziebart was born on May 23, 1928 in St. Joseph, Michigan. Ziebart’s family owned a farm and his father lost his job as a butcher during the Great Depression. He recalled hearing about the attack on Pearl Harbor over the radio when a newscast interrupted the football broadcast he was listening to. Since they owned a farm, Ziebart’s family received larger quantities of gas through wartime rationing. After missing the final draft for the Second World War, Ziebart was drafted for service during the Korean War in November of 1950. He attended Basic Training at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, where he was instructed by personnel that were younger than the recruits in training. After basic training, Ziebart was sent to Beale Air Force Base in California where he received basic instruction on machinery and light engineer work before being shipped to Busan, Korea in November of 1951. In Korea, he was stationed at an airbase as a crane oiler and was later sent to another base outside Seoul where he worked in mechanized excavation. He recalled how, one night, an enemy aircraft flew over the base and dropped small bombs near the airfield, forcing Ziebart and the engineers to fill in the holes in the runway for American planes to land safely. Nonetheless, both bases saw little combat action, theft, or sabotage during his tour in Korea. He also recalled supervising a group of Korean laborers who he described as incredibly hard-working. There were approximately 85% African American personnel in the engineering units Ziebart worked with, which surprised him. He also visited Japan while on leave for a week during which the Japanese were exceptionally nice to their American guests. Toward the end of his enlistment, Ziebart was shipped back to the United States and was officially discharged at Fort McCoy in Wisconsin. When he returned home, he acquired a job for a photographing company. Reflecting upon his time in the service, Ziebart believed he received a quality technical education as well as a greater appreciation for life in the United States. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States—History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections & University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401. Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8a5080419504dc60ccb4f4ed95a66934.m4v c93b494d30b45e68ebe61296076d456b https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/32b7f90cafeb1fe0d1f603fec8990a7e.pdf 278b09f739bdd0fdce01871089ba0a35 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans’ History Project Name of War: World War II Interviewee’s Name: Myrtle Zietlow Length of Interview: 28 minutes Mrs. Zietlow’s Story (00:18)  Childhood (00:35) o  Myrtle Zietlow spent much of her grew up and went to school in Woodstock, Illinois, 50 miles NE of Chicago. (00:48) Education (01:19) o Following graduation in 1941 from high school she went on to attend the University of Illinois. (01:35) o The length of time she actually spent thinking about WWII was when she would go to the movie theater and see the movie shorts since the U.S. was predominantly isolationist. (02:06) o With WWI, still fresh in many Americans’ minds the thought of going to war the prevalent attitude of resisting going to war again was the philosophy of many in America at that time (02:45)  Pearl Harbor (03:11) o When Pearl Harbor was attacked, it sent a shockwave through the country. Soon afterwards, war was declared on Japan and Germany. The strong sense of patriotic fervor hit her campus like a wildfire making many male students leave to join up. (03:36) o A few of the buildings on campus were converted into training centers. As a result of this women’s roles changed. Many of the recruiters from Pratt and Whitney Fellowship based in Connecticut that came to campus also came to train women in the same jobs males had vacated to join up. They came to her campus in spring, 1942. (04:23) o She attended various classes in mathematics and science to get a help her to get a job. Graduated from the University of Illinois in 3 years. (06:44) o Following graduation, she went by train to Hartford, Conncecticut, where she attended machine school. (08:20) � Hartford, CT (08:27) o Spent 6 weeks attending machine school and then another 6 weeks learning about how to make military engines for aircrafts at engine school. (09:10)  War on the Home Front (10:10) o Following this, she was assigned to different departments and eventually ended up working in a research department doing calculations: analyzing parts of engine distributions. (10:21) o Worked 50 hours a week. Wasn’t paid much but what she did receive she spent buying war bonds to buy supplies for the military. Describes how this system worked. (11:21) o Every now and again, they saw something they liked. People sacrificed much during WWII, with little expectations to receive anything in return. (13:06) o On VE Day, many celebrations occurred to celebrate the end of WWII. This eventually meant that women were expected to return to their traditional jobs as house wives. With these special experiences, women for the first time found that they were capable of doing things society originally discouraged women to do. As a result a changing perspective prompted many to form the Women’s Movement. (14:05) o After WWII, she went back Illinois and worked a variety of manufacturing companies. Eventually ended up at a research institute in Crystal Lake, Illinois (15:34) o Briefly describes how she met her husband there in 1952. (16:19) Mr. Zietlow Interview from Myrtle Zietlow’s perspective Pre-Enlistment (16:25)  Background (16:30) o Her husband was born on December 15, 1921 in Chicago, Illinois and eventually attained the rank of 2nd Lieutenant. (16:36) o After two years at Notre Dame University he enlisted in the U.S. Army Air Corps and was inducted in August, 1943. (17:16) Enlistment and Training / Active Duty (17:22)  Where he trained (17:42) �o Attended basic and officer training and also flying school in George in which he was trained in the usage of single and multi-engine aircraft. (17:47) o He delighted in his aircraft training. Had a keen interest in glider training which he did while stationed in North Carolina. (18:04) o In her opinion, it was incredible that someone like husband could land a piece of aircraft that was very difficult to land. (18:35) o Enjoys the challenge that goes into it. Gliders, she mentions would have been heavily used in the invasion of Japan to ferry supplies and ammunition if the Abomb had not been dropped. (19:11) After the Service (20:32)  Background (20:37) o Upon being discharged in October, 1945 he was certified as a commercial pilot and as a pilot of single and multi-engine aircraft with gliders on top of that. (20:50) o After this experience, he was in the Reserves for an undisclosed amount of time. (21:43) o Took full advantage of the GI Bill and spent 2 years at DePaul University finishing up his BA. Following this he went on to attend Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago where he got his Master’s and Doctorate degrees. Describes the area he lived in brief detail. (21:55) o After finishing his doctoral work, he found a job in Crystal Lake at the same Research Laboratory where he met his wife. (23:18) They were soon married in 1952. (23:25) o Further describes a few experiences with the interviewer growing up. (23:34) o To wrap up Zietlow was appreciative of the chance to share her and her husband’s story. (27:17) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ZietlowM Title A name given to the resource Zietlow, Myrtle (Interview outline and video), 2009 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zietlow, Myrtle Description An account of the resource Myrtle Zietlow was born outside of Chicago in 1921. She attended the University of Illinois, and after graduating she went to work for Pratt and Whitney in Connecticut, where they made aircraft engines. She tells her own story as well as that of her husband, George, who served in the U.S. Army Air Corps from 1943 to 1945. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Demeuse, Katie (Interviewer) Caledonia High School (Caledonia, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Air Corps Women Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-05-30 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/67949ee28babadb61ee205c3ce2857b4.mp4 190c281d7a0d499620797391a9f1a98a https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d49e37aa59216b5950855dbcf840cbc1.pdf dafd756b8adacf187de088a7873057ba PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview World War II Leo Zimmerman Length of Interview: 1:31:08 (0:00:00 – 0:05:12) Background        Born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, in December 1920 (0:00:21) Grew up in Grand Rapids, his father worked at John Ball Park, and also ran a streetcar, and also worked in a blacksmith shop repairing automobiles (0:00:30) Graduated high school in 1939, had started working with his dad when he was 15 years old and continued to work with him(0:03:40) Heard about Pearl Harbor at work one day on the radio (0:04:10) Did not think about enlisting and was not interested, it was a couple of years before it dawned on him “that it was time to get in on this mess" (0:04:40) Waited to be drafted, got married in „41, daughter was born in 1942 (0:04:50) Could have been deferred because of his work fixing trucks (0:05:12) (0:05:30 – 0:18:30) Enlistment Basic Training (0:5:30 – 0:13:48)          Received draft notice in 1943, shortly after having a surgery (0:06:35) Had to assure the recruiting officer that he was fit despite his surgery (0:07:34) Was sent to Camp Worth, Texas (0:08:00) States that the train trip was miserable from Michigan to Chicago and Chicago to Texas (0:08:43) Training with M-10 [tank destroyer]and M-60 [?] tanks, light small tanks (0:10:05) First thing he did while at boot camp was receive shots, felt like he ran around naked most of the time (0:11:03) Spent his time in infantry training, bayonet training, hiking, and camping (0:11:30) States that while in the military “discipline was Number 1” (0:11:50) Did not have a difficult time transitioning into the military (0:12:15) Specialized Training (0:12:20- 0:18:30)      After basic training was sent to wheeled vehicle maintenance and repair school at the main camp (0:14:00) The main camp had nice barracks, had his wife join him for three months in Coppers Cove, Texas (0:14:20) Finished wheeled vehicle training in November 1944 (0:16:40) Went on leave while headed to Fort Meade, Maryland (0:18:00) Before being sent overseas he received more infantry training at Fort Jackson in South �Carolina for six weeks (0:18:30) (0:18:30 – 1:23:00) Active Duty Tour in Italy (0:18:30 – 0:35:30)             Shipped out to Italy in December 1944 and landed in Naples on Christmas Day (0:19:35) Describes a terrible trip with 13 days of sickness (0:19:40) Fainted while standing guard, after not eating much for 10 days (0:20:35) Went through the Straits of Gibraltar (0:22:50) Moved into a replacement depot in Caserta, Italy (0:23:27) War ended in Europe on May 8th, 1945 (0:24:00) Was in the replacement depot from December to May 1945 (0:24:18) Traveled by truck down to the Mediterranean, and tended to mules (0:25:15) Moved supplies in trucks from Naples to Po Valley, a two day drive (0:26:25) Describes mountainous surroundings with many small villages (0:29:00) Traveled with a convoy of 20 or so trucks (0:29:50) When he wasn‟t on details with the trucks he trained, learning to shoot a .50 caliber machine gun out of a remote controlled plane (0:31:20) Life in Italy (0:32:40 – 0:35:45)     Had a lot of free time to go into Naples and Pompeii and study history (0:32:40) Describes relations with Italian civilians as being good, the Italians were very kind to the soldiers, the families were friendly and would offer meals and wine (0:33:08) Street children often sold cigarettes on the black market. While he didn‟t smoke he was given them, so he‟d sell them, they were $30.00 a carton (0:33:20) While in a bar, he received the advice to pour his drink on the stone floor, if it burned a good blue it was good to drink, if it didn‟t then it was not good (0:35:30) Deployment to Philippines (0:35:30 – 0:59:40)         Was transferred to 109th Ordnance Company when the war ended (0:36:30) Boarded an Italian ship and arrived in the town of Montalcino, a small resort town (0:37:40) Stayed on for two weeks in Montalcino (0:39:20) Boarded a ship, the USS South America and rode on the top decks with other privates while “a few thousand colored people were on the decks below” (0:41:15) Got to the Panama Canal and took a quick visit before heading towards the Philippines. The trip was 42 days long (0:43:00) Arrived in Manila Harbor (0:45:00) Stated that they went to the Philippines for “News reel pictures” (0:46:00)\ Set up a camp in a churchyard in Manila, where they lived in tents on five foot high platforms, protecting them from the rains (0:49:31) �    Started servicing vehicles of 126th Infantry Regiment (0:49:40) Tells the story of Lieutenant Colonel Merle Howe of the 128th Infantry Regiment, 32nd Infantry Division who was his shop teacher in Grand Rapids and earned recognition for his heroic actions that led to his death in the Philippines (0:56:00) Lieutenant Colonel Howe died while flying surrender papers to General Yamashita in Baggao when his plane crashed (0:56:30) Leo stayed in the Philippines through the bombing of Hiroshima while the Japanese were still fighting in Baguio (0:59:30) Deployment to Japan (0:59:40- 1:22:50)        Boarded the USS James J. O’Hara to Nagoya, Japan (0:59:45) Leo‟s unit set up their ordnance company in bombed out sea plane factory and performed maintenance duties (1:04:08) During the time Leo was issued his service stripes (1:05:00) While in Japan he was given his brother‟s address in Yokohama, got a pass to go visit his brother (1:06:15) Most of his time was spent welding Speaks of his experience in Japan, did not like the food (1:14:00) Takes USS Robin to San Francisco (1:15:30) (1:23:00 – 1:29:30) Post Service    Arrived home April 1946, and moved to Grand Rapids in August (1:23:00) Worked with his sister until 1980 and retired at 60 (1:24:00) Learned from his experience, but says he wasn‟t any different, still had no desire to go to college, wanted to go back to work (1:29:00) Interview ends at 1:31:08 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ZimmermanL1284V Title A name given to the resource Zimmerman, Leo (Interview outline and video), 2011 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zimmerman, Leo Description An account of the resource Leo Zimmerman of Grand Rapids, Michigan, waited to be drafted before joining the Army in 1943 during World War II. Leo received his training in wheeled vehicle maintenance and repair in Camp Worth, Texas. His first deployment was to Italy in 1944 where he served with a replacement depot until the war ended in May 1945, driving with supply convoys between Naples and the Po Valley and performing other duties. After the war ended in Europe, Leo was transferred to the 109th Ordnance Company and shipped out to the Philippines to start servicing vehicles. He was stationed in the Philippines during the bombing of Hiroshima, and was sent to Japan shortly after to perform maintenance duties and gained further experience in welding. Leo left the military in April 1946. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings United States. Army World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011-10-15 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/38031de9b9649e589526708a253ccc1d.mp4 b1d30704d9737ff02199675334bf1f46 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/cc7058117b8ba0d1621a58a904426251.pdf dd7bf19acf8ae91c189c913ef624ee66 PDF Text Text Zipay, Sue Grand Valley State University All American Girls Professional Baseball League Veterans History Project Interviewee’s Name: Sue Zipay Length of Interview: (31:44) Interviewed by: James Smither Transcribed by: Chelsea Chandler Interviewer: “Okay, Sue, start us with some background on yourself, and to begin with, where and when were you born?” I was born in Medford, Massachusetts in 1934. Interviewer: “All right, and then how—where is that relative to Boston?” I believe it’s west of Boston. I only was born there. I didn’t live there. Interviewer: “Oh, okay, okay. Where did you grow up then?” I grew up in Hingham, Massachusetts, which is south of Boston. Maybe thirty miles south of Boston. Interviewer: “Okay. At that point, was that kind of a small town on its own, or was it still suburban Boston?” It was a very small town. I think my high school graduating class was not even a hundred. Maybe it was eighty to ninety students. Interviewer: “Okay, and you’re a kid during World War II. Do you remember much about what life was like in the war years in that period?” Very little. I remember that we had blackouts on the cars. (1:03) They’d have to paint the headlights. Half of them were black, and we had rationing, of course. You could only have coupons to buy butter and meat and all that kind of stuff. And I remember seeing stars in the windows of the people that had boys in the service. My brother was in the army. He got wounded and ended up in the hospital and what have you. He’s okay now. Interviewer: “Okay. So the war was definitely around at that point.” Yes. But the best thing I remember about the war was the day it ended in 1945 when everybody was dancing in the streets. It was a celebration that you would not forget. Interviewer: “Okay, and where did you go to high school?” �Zipay, Sue I went to Hingham High School. Interviewer: “Okay, and when did you graduate?” 1952. Interviewer: “Okay. Now how did you learn to play baseball?” I had four brothers, and I just was always athletic. I mean, if they got me a new pair of ice skates, I skated. I, you know—I just—That athletic ability came natural to me. (2:03) So when we started playing baseball, I could field grounders as well as they could, I could hit the ball as well as they could, and when they went to have a sandlot game, they would knock on the door and holler for me to come with them. So that’s kind of how it happened, and that’s how girls in those days learned the skills of baseball. They don’t have that opportunity now because of little league. That’s what we’re trying to correct. The All-Americans are trying to get some way for young girls who prefer to play baseball instead of softball the ability to hone their skills, and that’s— Interviewer: “Okay. Now did your school system have any athletic programs for girls?” They had some, but their basketball team was horrible, so I played CYO basketball, which is a little better. Interviewer: “And what is CYO basketball?” That was a Catholic Youth Organization. And I played on the softball team, of course, and it was quite boring because in those days most girls couldn’t play very well. You might have one or two or three on the team that could really play, and the rest of them were pretty bad. And I played field hockey. The field hockey team. Whatever was available I played it. Interviewer: “Okay, and on the softball team what position did you play?” I played shortstop because that’s where all the balls went. I just wanted to be wherever it was. Yeah. Interviewer: “All right, and at what point did you learn about the All-Americans?” That wasn’t until I graduated. My softball coach said, “Did you know there was a professional baseball league in the Midwest?” I had never heard of it, and I couldn’t believe it. And it just so happened that the chaperone for the Rockford Peaches lived about thirty miles away from me in Natick, Massachusetts. Her name was Dottie Green. She was the original catcher or one of the original catchers for the Rockford Peaches. Hurt her knee badly and ended up a chaperone. So I drove up to her house and had a tryout on her driveway, and about two weeks later, I got a contract in the mail. Interviewer: “Okay. Now how did you originally wind up in contact with her?” �Zipay, Sue From the high school softball coach. (4:14) Interviewer: “Okay. So the coach knew her?” Yes. Interviewer: “And then he made that connection?” She made that connection. Correct. Interviewer: “Okay. All right. Now when you first went and met her, what impression did you have, or what did she tell you about the league?” She didn’t tell me too much. We just went out and got a ball, and she threw me some grounders and, you know, vice versa. And I think she was just looking to see what kind of skills and how I moved. And you can tell an athlete when you see them, you know. Since I went into tennis when I was older, and I can tell you a tennis player at age nine whether they’re going to develop into a good one or not. So you just kind of know. Interviewer: “Okay. All right. So now they’ve signed you up. Do you remember what they were offering to pay you at that point?” They paid me fifty dollars a week, and I believe it was two dollars a day for meals, which was adequate in those days. And of course, I think every girl in the league will tell you they would have played for nothing. Interviewer: “Okay. Now at this point did you have a job, or…?” I didn’t at that time, and then when I came back in the summers, I did. I was a secretary for Raytheon Manufacturing, which is a big Boston company. Interviewer: “Okay. All right. So now, well, it’s kind of launched you into your career. Do you go someplace for spring training, or do you join the team when it’s already playing?” I met them in South Bend. I got on the train in Boston at age—I think I was eighteen—against the wishes of my mother and my aunt. They gave me a little, brown bag with a lunch on the train. Had very little money. And so I went to South Bend. Was supposed to meet them there. I went to the—I believe it was the Oliver Hotel. And I went there, and nobody was there. (6:02) So I got the smallest room and the cheapest room they had in the hotel because I didn’t know if I was going to have to pay for it or what. And a couple hours later, I got a knock on the door, and there was Dottie Green, the chaperone, saying, “What are you doing in this little room?” And from then on, then we had spring training. And, you know, that was it. Interviewer: “Okay, and now was the league still training together at that point, or were the teams now training separately from each other?” �Zipay, Sue The teams were training separately. Yeah, we were separate. Yeah. Interviewer: “All right, and I think you had told me before we started this. You played for the Rockford Peaches. But you’re in South Bend?” That’s where they had the spring training. Interviewer: “Okay. So all the teams were there, but they—” No. Just the Peaches, and I don’t know why. Interviewer: “So the Peaches were training in South Bend, Indiana?” Yeah, and don’t ask me to explain that. Interviewer: “Okay. All right. So you did not see the Blue Sox there?” No, no. Interviewer: “Okay. All right. So what was that—Do you remember the first day of spring training? What it was like to go in there?” I was scared to death, especially when I saw the women play because I thought I was pretty good, and then when I saw the level and the abilities there, I realized I was just a small fish in a big pond. And so we had our spring training, and Johnny Rawlings hit some grounders to me at shortstop, and I just—I was so tired and so excited and so nervous. I just played, and it went well. But there was no way I was ever going to become shortstop on that team as long as the girl, Joan Berger, was there. She was an excellent player. And I know that I was really nervous for a long time until he said to me one day, “Sue, you wouldn’t be here if you weren’t as good as all the rest.” And so that kind of settled me down a little bit. Interviewer: “Okay. Now about how long did spring training last?” Oh, gosh. I don’t remember. Two or three weeks maybe. I remember I threw my back out. Yeah, and I’ve had trouble ever since. Didn’t know. I thought maybe I was just stiff from all the spring training because, you know, I could hardly walk up the stairs. I could hardly move my right leg. And the chaperone finally decided I had something physically wrong with me, not just muscle aches, so they took me to a chiropractor. (8:16) I’d never been to one in my life. And eventually it worked out. But that was a long, long time ago, and I’ve had trouble ever since. Interviewer: “Okay. Now did you have trouble hitting? I mean, playing baseball with the good pitching?” I had trouble hitting in the games because I was really nervous, and as you know, you go out there as a girl, you never have people in the stands like boys. You’re not used to that, of course, you know. You’re used to playing in the cow pasture where nobody’s watching. I remember �Zipay, Sue playing in the schoolyard when I was in seventh grade, and I’d be out there hitting the ball over the fence. And all the teachers would be lined up in the window, looking out there and smiling because it was—I was a novelty, I guess, at that time. But yeah, I was very nervous, and I look back now and say, “Oh, I wish I had the brains now that I had then.” Because I wasn’t watching the ball and so forth. So my batting average was pretty bad. But I did a lot of fungo practice, and I hit to the fielders. And I did a lot of batting practice pitching, and I could hit it. I could hit it a country mile, but I never got a chance to really get relaxed enough to do what I had the ability to do. Interviewer: “Yeah. Okay. So you’re in South Bend for spring training, and then when that ends, now do you go to Rockford?” You know, it’s been a long time. We get on a bus and went to Rockford, I believe, and then we got introduced to the places where Dottie Green would find all the homes we were staying. My roommate was Dolores Lee. Pickles. I’m sure you’ve got her on your tapes somewhere. She was a hoot to live with. She brought her accordion with her from Jersey City. She was just learning to play it, and she would practice “(How Much Is) That Doggie in the Window?” over and over and over again. (10:04) And she was a late sleeper. Always made us late for practice. So we’d get punished. Have to run around the track three or four times. But she’s a great girl. Great girl. Interviewer: “All right, and what kind of accomodations did you have?” We stayed in private homes. Bedroom, you know. Twin beds. And we’d have kitchen privileges. When we’d come back from a road trip, of course, you know, usually the people that owned the home would do something nice like leave a cheesecake out for us or something like that. And they did our laundry, and that was good. Interviewer: “Okay. Do you know if the league paid them for that, or…?” I don’t know what the arrangements were. I’m sure they paid them. I’m sure they did. Interviewer: “Okay, and then—So when you’re at home, what would a typical day be like?” A typical day we come home from a road trip, catch a few hours of sleep, have to get up in the morning and go to practice, and then we’d have a few hours off. And then we come back to the ballpark around four o’clock to get wound up and ready for a night game. And we played every night seven days a week. Double header on Sunday. Interviewer: “All right, and do you remember—Now when you first went in, did you start a game your first game, or did you come in later to replace somebody, or…?” I just got put in when he needed me, and I didn’t play a lot. Like I said, I was utility, so he’d throw me at second base or right field whenever he needed me. And if I wasn’t playing, I’d coach first base or third base. Yeah. �Zipay, Sue Interviewer: “Okay. So was there—So what did the team have then by way of coaches? You had a manager. Did you have—Did he have anybody else helping him?” Not really, no. Interviewer: “Just the players?” Yeah. Right. Interviewer: “Okay, and would the chaperone help coach because she was a former player, or…?” (12:03) No, no, no. She was a former player, but no. She’d just sit in the dugout and take care of somebody if they got a strawberry from sliding into base. Or I remember once I hit a foul ball off the bat, and somehow or another—don’t ask me how—the ball crawled up the bat and hit me in the eye. And I went down like a—like a lump, and it puffed up like this. And, of course, I said, “Leave me alone. I still want to play.” But they took me out of the game. But she was there for those occasions. Interviewer: “Okay. All right. Then when you had road trips and so forth, I mean, how did that work? You’re going to play somebody else. What happens?” Oh, we had the—We had the schedule. We knew when we were leaving and get on the bus at a certain time and travel x number of hours and go to the hotel they had us scheduled in. You know, you knew who you were rooming with because you had the same roommate most of the time. We’d get to the—wherever we’re going to play, and then we’d go out to the field and, again, practice before the game at four o’clock. So it was constant all the time. Interviewer: “Okay. Now what kinds of rules did they have for how you were supposed to dress or behave, or to what extent were there still regulations on things?” Okay. Well, you’ve probably got this from all the other girls, but, again, we couldn’t wear pants in public. So if we’re in the—coming home from a game on the bus, and it’s ten o’clock at night, and you’re in the bus with your jeans on, and you wanted to get off and get a cup of coffee, you had to change and put a skirt on. We couldn’t smoke in public, and almost everybody smoked in those days because we didn’t know that it was not good for you. So those were two. Two rules that they stuck to. No pants in public. And no short hair. I mean, they wanted you to look like a female, not like a boy. Interviewer: “Okay, and then what about sort of personal conduct? I mean, did they monitor you at all or tell you what you could and couldn’t do?” (14:05) You know, when I came into the league, I think a lot of that stuff had disappeared, so nobody ever told me what I should and shouldn’t do. But you obviously knew what you should and shouldn’t do. I mean, you wouldn’t swear. You wouldn’t smoke. You wouldn’t wear pants. You just—You just kind of knew. �Zipay, Sue Interviewer: “Okay. Now what sort of mix of players did you have on the Peaches? Because this is now getting to the end of the league.” Oh, we had—Well, one of ours—I don’t know how old she was. I thought she was 110 or something at the time, but she was probably in her forties. Rosie Gacioch. And she was the oldest player, and she’d been there for—I don’t know. Maybe from the beginning. And then, of course, you’ve heard about Dottie Key who was one of the better players. Ruth Richard was the catcher. She’s—I still keep in touch with her. She was a great catcher. We had a gal from Boston. Lived near me. In fact, she drove me to and from the next year. I went with her. And I think she’s—She’s got a little problem right now. She’s not really as sharp as she used to be. I’ll put it that way. And she was a pitcher and had the greatest curveball you ever saw. The first time I went and tried to warm her up, I couldn’t even catch the ball because it was dropping or moving so fast. I think she had long fingernails. I think she did something with her fingernails. Not really sure. Interviewer: “All right. Now how—Do you remember how young the youngest players were, or were you about the youngest?” I was probably one of the youngest. Another gal came in with me at the same time. Jane Sands. And then Jean Ventura. I was talking with her today. I think she was sixteen or seventeen. Something like that. Interviewer: “Okay. Now at this point did they have any kind of Minor League system, or were there other teams affiliated with the league that they would get players from? Because I don’t think—They didn’t have the barnstorming teams anymore by this time, so there was not a junior league of any kind to get them.” (16:09) No. Yeah, they were just getting what they could get. So they found me. I found them. Interviewer: “Okay. All right. Now what kind of fan support did you have?” I guess in the beginning—and I wasn’t there—they said they were drawing up to ten thousand people, which was great in those days. We did pretty well when I was there. I remember they used to look around because they knew they had dropped off in attendance, and they’d say, “Oh, how many did you think are here tonight?” And they’d say, “Two, three, four thousand. Something like that.” But we had a good crowd. Interviewer: “Did Rockford tend to have bigger crowds than the places—other places that you played, or…?” I can’t remember. Yeah, I can’t remember, but there were a lot of farm people. Farm boys that I double dated with Pickles, you know. Interviewer: “Okay. So there were still young men coming to watch the games. Now did you get families coming?” �Zipay, Sue Yeah, a lot of families. And a lot of families liked to entertain us. I remember a lot of cookouts. They’d have, you know, big cookouts with steaks and corn and all that. And when we had time off, you know, they’d invite the whole league. Interviewer: “Okay, and—Now you mentioned at the start of this that your mother wasn’t very happy about your heading off. Did your family kind of get used to it after a while or accept it or…?” Obviously, they did. They had no choice because I was going to go. I mean, to me, that was the greatest thing in the world, but as you know, in those days, a girl playing baseball, you know, it wasn’t—It was kind of frowned upon, you know. I can remember them telling me to put the jeans away, you know. “You’ve got to grow up, young lady. Stop playing with the boys.” The girls couldn’t play, so what could you do? (18:06) Interviewer: “All right. So you’re there in the ‘53 season. I don’t know. How did Rockford do in ‘53?” We didn’t win the pennant or get in the playoffs, I don’t believe. Interviewer: “Grand Rapids won that year.” Probably, yeah. I remember. You know, it’s such a long time, and I was there for just the two years. And I was just beginning to get used to different players as a matter of fact. I remember Gertie Dunn who has since, I think—A few years back she got killed in an airplane accident. She was a pilot. She’s gone. The Weavers who could knock the ball a country mile. Big, strong girls. But yeah, I don’t remember a lot of them. Interviewer: “Okay, and then when the ‘53 season ends, you went back home, and did you pick up a job then?” Yeah, I was a private secretary. Yeah. Interviewer: “And how did you wind up with that job? You just answered an ad, or…?” Yeah, I just applied for it. Just went in there. Yep. Interviewer: “Okay. All right. And then—So you work for them through the winter, and then it’s time to go off to play again. Now when they hired you, did they understand that that would be going on, or…?” I can’t remember when we got the notice that the league was finished exactly. Interviewer: “Okay, but you did go back and play in ‘54, though.” Oh, that’s right. Yeah. �Zipay, Sue Interviewer: “So you had one year there.” Yeah. Okay. No, I just knew when it was time to go back. That’s when I went back with Marie Kelley—Boston was her nickname—because she drove. And she was old enough to drive, so she drove back and forth. Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay. Now from a player’s perspective—I guess, for you, the ‘54 season— Were you now starting to kind of get the feel of things or be more comfortable?” Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, and did you get to play anymore?” A little bit more. A little bit more, you know. But I still had a lot to learn. Okay. I think at the— A larger part of the league—They didn’t spend as much time with Johnny Rawlings. We didn’t have training sessions. At the beginning, they really trained the girls. I think they were—The coach before me—Bill Allington was his name, and I think Pickles played under him as well. (20:14) But he really drilled skills into them. When I came, I had what I had. Raw talent. That’s it. Anything that happened from then on I developed from watching and just listening. Interviewer: “Okay. So the other players didn’t really work with you?” Nobody worked with me. No. You just—You just picked it up. Interviewer: “You just kind of went in, and you played. Okay. Now could you tell in 1954 that the league was in trouble?” No. I didn’t have an inkling as to what was going on. Some of the older players did because they knew. They knew that they were running out of money, and there was trouble. Interviewer: “Okay. Now did—Were there fewer teams in ‘54 than ‘53, or were you not really counting?” I wasn’t counting because I didn’t know what they had before, you know. Interviewer: “Okay. Now was Rockford—Were they able to make payroll? I mean, did you always get paid?” Yeah, we—Right. We never had a problem with that, you know. Interviewer: “Okay, and then when you got down to the end of the season, did they tell you the league was ending, or did you just go home and not know?” �Zipay, Sue I’m trying to remember how they notified us. I can’t remember exactly when it was, but it was a very sad situation. I think it was maybe at the end of the season. They told that we wouldn’t be coming back. Yeah. Interviewer: “Yeah. Now Bill Allington wound up organizing a traveling team.” Right, and Pickles went on that. She played on that. Jean. A few of them. For a couple years they traveled around. They did quite well, too. Yep. Interviewer: “Okay. Now where you asked to be part of that, or…?” No. I wasn’t good enough. I hadn’t been there long enough. Bill Allington didn’t even know who I was because I had never met him. (22:01) Johnny Rawlings was the coach when I went there. Interviewer: “Yeah. Okay. So now—Okay. Now you just sort of go back to Massachusetts. So you go back home. So then did you have—Did you really kind of think or reflect at all at that time? I mean, what’s happening to you. ‘What am I going to do now?’” Yeah, yeah. It was very sad. However, I’ll fill this little—Something in there was—I had met a young man who was a groundskeeper at Beyer Stadium in Rockford. A summer job from the University of Illinois. And we kind of became an item. And it ended up that he went to pre-flight school in Pensacola. And I went down there to visit him and bla, bla, bla. And so, to make a long story short, we got engaged, and he’s the one I ended up marrying. And then I had three children, and, you know, after that—What you do for the next ten years. Interviewer: “All right. Yeah. Now did you basically—Did you stop working while you were married and had kids, or did you have a job?” Yeah. No. I just—I was full-time mother and housewife, which was wonderful. It’s a shame they can’t do that in this day and age. Interviewer: “Some can if they can afford it.” But that’s the only way they can. Interviewer: “Yeah. All right. Now—But you didn’t necessarily—You didn’t—You couldn’t play baseball anymore, but did you still stay involved with athletics in some form?” You know, I tried, but when you have three little babies all born close together, and housewife— The whole—I had no time. I had a lot of energy. I guess I put it into cleaning floors and doing housework things and knitting and sewing and doing all those feminine things that women do. And until the kids were—The youngest one was in maybe third grade. Somewhere around there. And then some neighbors invited me to play tennis, and I thought, “I’ve never played tennis in my life, but I’m athletic, and they’re old ladies. I can—” (24:09) And that’s when I found out it was a skill sport. And I got hooked on tennis, and that became my second—second career. Sport. �Zipay, Sue Interviewer: “Okay, and so then how did that play out? I mean, you—” Well, I worked at it. Kind of self-taught, and I got ranked in New England. I played a lot of doubles. Not a very good singles player. I could serve like crazy because it’s kind of like throwing a ball. And launching that volley. That was my plan. And I became very involved. I went to school—Vic Braden school in California—and learned how to teach. Then I became a teaching pro, which I loved, and worked with some programs where I lived then with the kids. And when we moved to Florida, I bought a tennis club that was falling down and dilapidated, and we turned it into a really nice, little place. And I’ve been there for thirty years. Interviewer: “All right, and at what point did you get involved with the women’s baseball league association? Because they’re—they’ve been now going for like thirty-five years. How long have you been connected to them?” Well, I’ve been—I can’t remember when the first one was, but I was on the board for a period of time when Baumgartner was there. Can’t remember with any years. I’m no good at dates. And then I went to a lot of the reunions but not all of them because I was busy with the tennis club, and I’m paranoid about flying. Second reason. I’ve become more involved lately because they got me on a vision committee, and then I started thinking about what the future holds and our legacy. And the museum idea was like a lightbulb going off in my head, so I’ve been more involved in the past few years. (26:01) Interviewer: “Okay. Now talk to me about the museum idea. What museum? What idea? And how did that come about?” Well, some members of the league wanted to have a stand-alone baseball museum for women. They talked about putting it in Cooperstown, which is way out in the sticks as you know, and I’m thinking, “Okay. How are you going to sustain it? How are you going to support it way out there? Who’s going to come?” I didn’t think it could ever work. That was my own personal opinion. And then they talked about putting it somewhere else, and it’s the same thing. And I thought, “Well, there’s so many sports nowadays, and females that are making so much money in sports as well.” And there’s nothing in this country. There is no women’s sport museum anywhere in this country. And we have a Hall of Fame here, a Hall of Fame there. The stars are in there, but there’s no history of women’s sports. I remember Babe Didrikson came to one of our baseball games. It was great. She threw some balls, and she pitched some. I’ll never forget that because she was a great female athlete. And I thought, “We need a place where we can tell all the stuff about the history of women and what they’ve gone through. And, you know, it’s being lost.” I have a friend of mine that played on a field hockey team, and they toured Europe in the 50s. Nobody’s ever heard of that. They never heard her name, and she’s got a scrapbook full of stuff like that. And there’s a lot of that that’s just totally being lost, and I was hoping that through this museum and the history of women’s sports, we can entice people to get on there and talk about stuff that’s happened and what’s gone on in the past. And then, in addition to that, my vision is that we have some kind of education. Classrooms for little girls to go in and say, “You might not be a good baseball player, but you might love the game. What can I do? I can be a journalist. I can be an umpire.” And all these careers that are now available in sports that weren’t �Zipay, Sue available when I was there. So that’s what I’m hoping is the history, education, you know, past, present, and what the future holds for young girls. (28:01) Interviewer: “Okay, and so how far have your plans come along, or what’s happened?” We’re just in our second year of gala fundraising. We’re having a gala. October 20th, 2017 in— at the Selby gardens in Sarasota, Florida. And then if we can raise enough funds, we’ll start our capital fundraising. And so we have some people on the committee that have diverse skills. We have a non-profit man and an architect and a builder and a woman who’s a professor at, I think— I think it’s Vanderbilt. I’m not sure. But a group that have different skills to help put this thing together, and they’re all really enthused. And I’ve talked to men and women, and they all think it’s a great idea. So the enthusiasm is there. Now it’s a matter of getting the funds together. And Sarasota is—I picked it not because I live in Englewood, which is maybe—just south of Sarasota—but because it’s a huge sports, tourist town now. They have the new—Rowing championships are coming there in a week or two, and they’ve got Bollettieri’s. And they’ve got all the spring training. Interviewer: “Bollettieri is the tennis academy?” The tennis—He’s now branched out into football and baseball. All the sports he’s got going. So I thought, you know, “People come there for sports, and where else? A women’s sports museum. That’s the perfect place for tourism.” Interviewer: “So you have spring training teams down there and Minor League Baseball and all sorts of things.” Perfect. And, you know, the Braves are coming there now, and they’re going to build their spring training stadium about five miles from where I live. And I’ve got this little idea that maybe I can talk them into having their facility become a training ground for girls’ baseball. I don’t know. But that’s how it has to get started in order to have the little girls develop their skills because there’s no other way. Otherwise, at sixth or seventh grade, they say, “You can’t play baseball anymore. You have to play softball.” Interviewer: “Well, I mean, the women who played on the Peaches—I mean, did you know much about how they learned to play?” (30:06) Same as I did. We all developed our skills the same way with the boys in a field. A cow pasture or wherever we could, you know, throw a base down. We’d come. They’d knock on the door, and you’d get your glove. And if there was six of us or four of us or three of us, it didn’t matter. “You got the field. You’re up at bat.” I mean, we just had our sandlot games, and we played with the boys, which helped us develop our skills. So that was the main way. Interviewer: “Okay. Now to think back on the time that you spent with the league, how do you think that affected you, or what did you take out of it?” �Zipay, Sue Oh. Cliché. The camaraderie. The team concept. That’s the big thing. Is, you know, you’re not an individual. You’re part of a larger thing there. And the friendships, you know. As you can see, they’ve lasted all these years. Interviewer: “Did you gain confidence in yourself through this?” I think I did. Yeah. I mean, like I said, you come there as a naïve, young girl, and you have to get up and hit a ball with four, five thousand people watching. That’s something that’s difficult to overcome and, you know. But it does. It gives you the self-confidence. And what Johnny Rawlings said to me. “If you weren’t good enough, you wouldn’t be here.” You know, all that’s good for your self-esteem. Interviewer: “All right. Well, thank you very much for taking the time to share your story today.” I hope you enjoyed it. (31:44) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource All-American Girls Professional Baseball League Interviews Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League was started by Philip Wrigley, owner of the Chicago Cubs, during World War II to fill the void left by the departure of most of the best male baseball players for military service. Players were recruited from across the country, and the league was successful enough to be able to continue on after the war. The league had teams based in Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana and Michigan, and operated between 1943 and 1954. The 1954 season ended with only the Fort Wayne, South Bend, Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo, and Rockford teams remaining. The League gave over 600 women athletes the opportunity to play professional baseball. Many of the players went on to successful careers, and the league itself provided an important precedent for later efforts to promote women's sports. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/484">All-American Girls Professional Baseball League Collection, (RHC-58)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Sports for women World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American All-American Girls Professional Baseball League--Personal narratives Oral history Baseball players--Minnesota Baseball players--Indiana Baseball players--Wisconsin Baseball players--Michigan Baseball players--Illinois Baseball for women--United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-58 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-10-02 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ZipayS2150BB Title A name given to the resource Zipay, Sue (Interview transcript and video), 2017 Description An account of the resource Sue Zipay was born in Medford, Massachusetts, in 1934 and grew up in Hingham. In grade school, Zipay recalled the wartime rationing, blackouts, and public celebrations at the end of the Second World War. In high school, she played for a Catholic Youth Organization basketball team, and a softball team as a shortstop, before graduating in 1952. After undergoing a tryout for AAGPBL Rockford Peaches chaperone Dottie Green, Zipay was contracted to play for the team during the 1953 season and attended spring training in South Bend, Indiana. Zipay did not have a set position with the Peaches, so she could be placed into any empty field position while also coaching first and third bases while not on the field. The team was forbidden to wear pants, smoke, swear, or have long hair while in public as to still give off a feminine appearance while not on the field. After acquiring a winter job, Zipay returned to the Rockford Peaches for the 1954 season and eventually learned that the League was being disbanded at the end of the season. Some of her colleagues went on to play for a new traveling team while Zipay got married and started a family. After having three children, she recognized that she could not return to any baseball programs and remained committed to serving her family while also taking up tennis in her spare time. Still interested in athletics, Zipay became a ranked tennis player in New England and attended Vic Braden School in California for a degree in teaching. She then moved to Florida and opened a tennis club, joined the Women's Baseball League Association, and helped organize plans for the construction of a women's baseball museum. Reflecting upon her time with the League, Zipay believed she gained a greater sense of confidence and camaraderie while playing for the Rockford Peaches. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zipay, Sue Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Video recordings Sports for women All-American Girls Professional Baseball League--Personal narratives Baseball players--Michigan Baseball for women--United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Veterans History Project collection, RHC-27 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections & University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401. Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Language A language of the resource eng Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-24 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/92ec703e17d2b1a349d4433c039df49d.mp3 d7d774ff0142f0a4f0c5ebe2b5ea865c https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/cb25224530b35bf708a1e126e8daf40f.pdf 3612d378096c4775d22155671d4a5a2e PDF Text Text Renee Zita - Interviewed by David Geen July 23 2018 1 David Geen: My name is David Geen and I’m here today with Renee Zita at the old schoolhouse in Douglas Michigan on Wednesday, June 6th 2018. This oral history is being collected as a part of the Stories of Summer Project, which is supported in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Program. Thank you for taking time, for the time to talk with me today I’m interested to learn more about your family history and your experiences of Summer in the Saugatuck Douglas area. Can you please tell me your full name and spell it? Renee Zita: Renee Irene Renaldi Zita. R E N E E I R E N E R E N A L D I Z I T A. DG: Thank you. So, first off is, tell me where you grew up? We’re going to talk about your time here in Saugatuck and Douglass but at first sort of how you got here and where you’re from, and how this all sort of happened. RZ: Sure. Um, I’m initially from the Southside of Chicago, Palace Heights. Grew up there, and um, my mother’s family had a summer cottage on Park Street in Saugatuck. Um, she had one sister, and two brothers and they divided the cottage up through the months of uh, July and August. Therefore, our family usually had two weeks of spending time at the cottage with my grandmother, uh, Grandma Rene, Irene…. DG: …Oh. RZ: …hence my middle name. DG: Uh, what year was it that you first came, or what year was it that? RZ: I probably came the year I was born, I was born in March, 1959 and that summer, I’m sure my mother brought me up there and up here and we spent uh, our couple weeks on the beach. DG: Great! Mhm, how was the beach then, was it the same then as it is now? RZ: [Laughs] Um, no. The beach, as I recall, there was a white, um, box structure that was the Beach House that um, had the best hamburgers that…. DG: …Oh! RZ: …She fried at the beach house and you could rent these big black inner tubes for 25 cents an hour, so that was a treat when we were able to get an inner tube to rent, we would, and it was a treat when we were able to go and get hamburgers at the Beach House, and the nicest lady, Menzie I think her name was, Lois Menzie maybe, um would be the lady and that’s how I met um, Rondy Riteman who would work at the beach house and um, they had the, I can recall the bathrooms were kind of grody but, they had these screen doors that would bang after you’d go out…. DG: Oh, yeah? �Renee Zita - Interviewed by David Geen July 23 2018 2 RZ: …of the restroom and uh, often one summer I got to spend, about four or five weeks up here because my mom had her two weeks and she became ill and um, my aunt had to take care of us, um, my sister and me for an extra two or three weeks and that summer um, I would practically walk, I’d climb up our since our cottage was on Park street, I’d walk to the beach because they didn’t get to the beach until late and we liked getting there around noon and so, we’d walk up Mount Baldy and climb down the hill to the beach, or go to the path um, back by Oxbow or the old harbor, or we’d walk up the beach road. DG: Yeah? Everyday? RZ: Practically every day. DG: That’s great. RZ: Got my steps in! DG: Got your steps in then, yeah. RZ: Okay. DG: Oh my gosh. Um, [pause] what was your favorite place to, to come to eat in the summer time? RZ: Um, probably the Beach House, because I love their hamburgers! Um, it was always fun uh, I can recall um, going to the um, the Root Beer Barrel um, and get foot long hotdogs. DG: Okay. RZ: That was always, uh, exciting, or…. DG: …and where was that sitting? RZ: That was on Center Street, probably between Blue Star and Ferry Street. DG: Oh, right there, okay. RZ: Yes…. DG: …Yeah…. RZ: …it’s original…. DG: The original location. RZ: …there’s aerial photos of where it was, so I remember that, and um, our other favorite thing would be to go get ice cream at the drugstore. DG: Okay, the counter in the back? �Renee Zita - Interviewed by David Geen July 23 2018 3 RZ: At the counter, and actually I can still recall the counter being in front. DG: Oh. RZ: Before it was put back there. I’m pretty sure it was [phone rings] I’m sorry, I’m pretty sure it was out front, um and then we, my cousins and us would often go there and have water fights and, um, back in the um, back in the um, the room, uh, and just getting ice cream, chocolate, my favorite was the Hudsonville chocolate ice cream with chocolate fudge. DG: Oh my god, that sounds great. RZ: And that was a treat. DG: Yeah? RZ: So.. DG: Did you ever come over to Douglas at all or no? RZ: Um, yes. There was a donut shop in Douglas that I loved going to. DG: Oh! I never heard about this. RZ: It was where Wild Dog is now. DG: Okay. RZ: …and, it, they had the best glazed donuts, so we’d go over there sometimes to get a, donuts in the morning and it would frustrate me when, if you didn’t get there by 9 o’clock he was sold out and I would be like ‘Well why don’t you make more donuts!’ If you know you’re going to be, uh, on the weekends. You know? But anyway, they were, they were very good. So, um, and now my favorite place in the morning is to go to Pumpernickel’s. DG: Oh. RZ: Uh, my mom would always order uh, uh, a box full of uh, different sweet, sweets and Larry would be so funny he’d put um, ants on them sometimes as a, as a tease and uh, a surprise or bugs, or flies, whatever, so. DG: That’s fun. RZ: Yeah, that was always fun. He was, for some of his um, patron customers he would often play little jokes, he had a sense of hu-humor like that, so. �Renee Zita - Interviewed by David Geen July 23 2018 4 DG: Oh my gosh, and so, how was the, how did you go from, like coming the for two weeks in the summer until, [pause] longer? [Inaudible] RZ: So, my mother loved it here so much that um, she wanted to, um spend the summer here. DG: Okay. RZ: So she branched off and bought her own place…. DG: …Okay…. RZ: …in 1983 probably as well as one of my other uncles, uh, Connie and Richard Vacco went off and bought their own place down on uh, Lakeshore Drive in Fennville. DG: Okay. RZ: …In the early 80’s um, so then my mom had her place and…. DG: …On Park Street…. RZ: …On Park Street and Perryman…. DG: ..Yep…. RZ: …and she, we spent more time there, but now I was starting a family myself, and um, my then husband John and I loved it so much and we were blessed enough to be able to afford a little home so we branched off and bought our own home…. DG: Oh. RZ: …On Campbell Street, which was Inez Campbell’s home. We bought it from her in 198 [pause] 6, ’87. DG: Okay. RZ: …and had that home for eight years, and came up here and summered all the time…. DG: Oh great…. RZ: …Ourselves, and then uh, from there we, we built a bigger home down on the Kalamazoo River. DG: Yeah. RZ: …and now, my current home, uh is on 98th by Park Street. DG: Back on Park Street. �Renee Zita - Interviewed by David Geen July 23 2018 5 RZ: …Back on Park Street, where…. DG: …Where you belong…. RZ: …Where I belong. Where I belong, where my mother’s, unfortunately she passed a couple years ago, and her ashes are now spread, um, at her cottage and at our family cottage. DG: Oh. RZ: …and maybe a little bit at my house around a tree, so…. DG: How nice. RZ: Yes. DG: Yeah. Um, let’s see. Do you have any other special memories of this area that you’d like to talk about for the, for this, uh, interview? RZ: Well, my special memories are spending lots of times with our family and cousins and also my children, um, summering here with me and, um, they’re working. They worked at the beach as lifeguards…. DG: …Oh did they?.. RZ: …and um, they, it would be a lot of fun when we’d sit at the beach, and they would be, um, on rotation, and every, every twenty five or forty minutes they’d get a break and then they’d come sit with us and we’d bring them their hot dogs for lunch…. DG: …Were they, all three life guards?.. RZ: …Jason, Justin, and Jonathon at one time, yes, were all, so that’s how they all got to become good friends with Katie Frisk, or Katie Herber at the time, she was the beach…. DG: …She was a lifeguard…. RZ: … Well, she, she did the gatehouse. DG: Oh. RZ: So she would report to them when, ah, Denny, would, would, was showing up. Say get, get the…. DG: When the boss was coming. RZ: Alert! Alert! The boss is here. DG: Oh my gosh. �Renee Zita - Interviewed by David Geen July 23 2018 6 RZ: They’d have their codes, but they’ve all become very good friends. DG: When did the Lifeguards stop on the beach? I remember first coming here and they were still there, but I didn’t know any of them… [Over RZ] were your sons. RZ: ..Probably the, [pause] in the 90’s, late 90’s. DG: I guess. RZ: Yeah. DG: Yeah. RZ: No! They did it all through High School, no, so, they finished high school in, the, maybe the early 2000’s. DG: The lifeguards stopped. RZ: Yes, probably because…. DG: Well, even your youngest was a lifeguard…. RZ: No, Jeffery was not, no, so, he didn’t graduate 8th grade until 2010 or so. DG: [Speaking over RZ] Too young. RZ: Right, so, um, yeah. DG: Well that’s fun. RZ: One of my memories is, getting all dolled up to go dancing at the Old Crow. DG: The Old Crow had dancing. RZ: The Old Crow, oh yeah. There was a line to get into the Old Crow back in…. DG: After the pavilion, of course. RZ: Oh, yeah! Way after. My mother would go to the pavilion, I would go to the Old Crow, and that was probably in the late 70’s that we were old enough to get in there, and some of us weren’t old enough.. DG: [Laughs] RZ: …would get in there too. There were multiple Renee Renaldi’s in there because I was one of the first ones to turn 18, and that was a paper driver’s license. So just brown hair, brown eyes and most of us Italian girls were brown hair, brown eyes. �Renee Zita - Interviewed by David Geen July 23 2018 7 DG: So you would get dressed up to the Old Crow. RZ: Oh yeah, not so much to drink but to dance and meet boys. DG: Oh, fun. RZ: Yeah. DG: Yeah. Do you remember any specifically, uh, that you could tell us any of the boys that you, uh…. RZ: No, not from me, but my cousin Irene was madly in love with um, Mariano or some…uh, I forgot his first name. DG: Okay. RZ: She would be um, a good person to interview. DG: Oh, yeah, well that sounds like a story. RZ: Yes! Yes, so we’d always have to wait and um, there was always a bouncer party after the Old Crow would close. DG: Oh. RZ: …And Irene would be asking her dad permission to stay out, and that wouldn’t be until 1 or 2 in the morning. DG: Oh, late. RZ: …and my uncle was not too keen on that. ‘Please, dad can we go to the bouncer party!’. DG: The after hour’s party. RZ: [Laughs] Yeah, so…. DG: Oh my gosh. RZ: Yeah, so. DG: That’s in the Coral Gables, like on the, was it…. RZ: That was on the other building where, where um, what’s the long building? DG: The annex? RZ: The annex, yes. �Renee Zita - Interviewed by David Geen July 23 2018 8 DG: It was in there? RZ: The bouncer party, I think it would just be outside the Annex or something. DG: Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah, like the after party. RZ: Yes. DG: Oh, fun. RZ: Yeah, so that was uh, my my, uh the, the guy I had a crush on was Johnny Fox. DG: Johnny Fox? RZ: …and he would, I met him at the beach. DG: Okay. RZ: …and his father was the um, do you know who he is? DG: No. RZ: Oh. He’s pretty reputable in the area, he’s an artist and…. DG: Okay…. RZ: ..he would come down to the beach, he had long blond hair and…. DG: Oh. RZ: …um, he ah, would surf at the beach and I don’t know we met him down there, and um, one day he, we, I don’t know, but I don’t know but I think maybe he might have had a crush on me but we went on the paddle boat together. DG: Oh! Okay. RZ: He kissed me on my cheek, so…. [Both laugh] RZ: That was big, that was probably one of my first kisses. DG: I, I wonder if he’s still around? RZ: He is! He lives up on, up on the hill. �Renee Zita - Interviewed by David Geen July 23 2018 9 DG: Oh, okay. RZ: Him and his wife. DG: John Fox. RZ: Yeah. He did the Indian head at, at the school? He’s an artist here in town, and um, yeah! So that’s a memory. DG: That’s great. RZ: Aunt Marie, going to the Dutch Village and you know, going on the rides there and um…. DG: Fun. RZ: Going on the paddle boats, and the and back then it was not the Queen of Saugatuck but it was the Island Queen. . DG: Oh, yeah. RZ: …ran by Mr. Hoffman I believe, Dick Hoffman was his name I think, who ran that. Peewee golf, so those are all special treats when got to go peewee golfing and you know it wasn’t just…. DG: …Where was it, was there a little miniature golf here? RZ: Yeah! It was where um, the park is, um [pause] um [pause] Wicks Park, right there was a peewee golf…. DG: Oh. RZ: …area, yeah. DG: Okay, wow. RZ: So, and that’s where the Island Queen sat, right there, next to the ship and shore. DG: Oh, over there. RZ: On the opposite side. DG: Huh. RZ: Yeah, so. DG: Great. �Renee Zita - Interviewed by David Geen July 23 2018 10 RZ: Picture, I have pictures of that as well. DG: Well that’s neat. [Inaudible] DG: Um [pause] what else can we add, anything? [Pause] In what ways has the area changed over time since you’ve been coming here? RZ: Well, um, I think it’s become much more um, uh, well I guess been, always been a summer resort for people. Lots have changed, the structures, more restaurants, more shopping, I think there’s more people that have retired here. In fact, in our family, there’s my cousin Paula just retired here, my cousin um, [pause] Carla and her husband are now looking…. DG: …Okay…. RZ: with Bill at the homes, to retire here so, um I think it’s become more of a retirement…. DG: …more of a retirement place. RZ: Yes, and it’s just a wonderful resort area, with lots of wonderful people…. DG: …Mhm…. RZ: …and lots of nice shopping, and food. DG: Good! Um, well I think that’s everything that I have right now. Okay? Thank you. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-ZitaR-20180606 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zita, Renee Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018-06-06 Title A name given to the resource Renee Zita (Audio interview and transcript) 2018 Description An account of the resource Renee Zita was born and raised in Chicago. In this interview, she recounts spending several weeks of every summer in the family cottage on Park Street in Saugatuck. As her own family grew, Renee remembers bringing her own children to the family home and ultimately deciding to become a full-time resident of Saugatuck. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Geen, David (Interviewer) Van Orsdol, Mollie (Transcriber) Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Outdoor recreation Dance halls Oral history Audio recordings Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Stories of Summer project, Kutsche Office of Local History. Grand Valley State University Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6973e9fc3e5be878f715a79cbfaa941d.mp4 486ef04ff50d68f85d3cfc995246ce0e https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/06dcc252c1c2e9ff4e3345f49053853d.pdf 3af3b7a2dfe00ec78fe3a38589a8e624 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veteran’s History Project Air Force Academy Graduate Michael Zulauf Interview Length: (01:14:00:00) Early Life/ First Year at the Air Force Academy: (00:00:15:00)  Born April 26th 1985, in Muskegon, Michigan. Also grew up here (00:00:16:00)  Played basketball and ran cross-country and track in high school (00:00:24:00)  Parents were teachers (00:00:31:00)  Was a sophomore when the World Trade Center was attacked in 2001 (00:00:50:00) o This is when the decision was made to serve in the armed forces (00:00:58:00)  Received admission to University of Michigan’s Mechanical Engineering Program, but decided to go to the Air Force Academy instead, located near Colorado Springs, Colorado, which was a long-term aspiration. (00:01:10:00) o Was determined to go to the Air Force Academy because this meant a better chance of being a pilot (00:01:30:00)  Signing up for the Air Force academy is a process much like that of the college application process (00:02:10:00) o Difference between the two is that in the Air Force Academy, you have to get a sponsorship from a public figure, for example, a congressman (00:02:23:00) o Received a nomination from both former Congressman Pete Hoekstra and Senator Debbie Stabenow (00:03:05:00) o Each congressman is given the opportunity to nominate five individuals for each service academy, and there are few of these in the United States (00:04:05:00) o When interviewed for sponsorship, was asked a series on controversial questions that were used to analyze demeanor rather than actual opinions (00:05:11:00)  If you get into the Air Force Academy, you are notified by mail (00:06:12:00) o After receiving the letter of appointment, must accept or deny the request (00:06:30:00)  Minimum commitment of 5 years active duty and 3 years on reserve (00:07:00:00) o In the first two years of the Air Force Academy, “you try it out” (00:07:05:00)  Reported to duty on July 1st, 2004, allowing only 1 month between high school graduation and attendance at the Air Force Academy (00:07:45:00)  Freshman year at the Air Force Academy is very serious (00:08:20:00) o No personal media is allowed to first- year students (00:08:21:00)  Reception to the Air Force Academy is very serious (00:09:41:00) o Welcome event is held at the same time and place for each incoming class (00:09:52:00) o Much paperwork must be completed initially (00:10:01:00) o Must take an Oath to the United States Constitution (00:10:05:00)  A “Cadre” is an Air Force Academy attendant who has completed all portions of the new member process. These people are usually of Junior or Senior status (00:10:54:00)  First 3-4 weeks of new member training takes place at a plateau in the Rocky Mountains (00:11:36:00) �         o Many men are not used to this elevation, which commonly leads to dehydration, blacking out, and bloody noses (00:11:40:00) Each incoming class has a class color. Either blue, silver, gold or red (00:12:00:00) o When new students would arrive, a set of class-colored footprints were painted on the pavement on campus, set at a 45 degree angle, where the students were required to stand and be given their first briefing (00:12:05:00) Each new class was roughly 1500 students and generally 1000 of those graduate (00:12:30:00) Many people go in planning on becoming a pilot, but some do not meet this goal due to medical handicaps or deciding against it upon graduation (00:12:55:00) o “this is the most demanding job in the Air Force” (00:13:02:00) The main objective of the Air Force Academy is to “mold you into an officer of good character” (00:13:15:00) o Students attend the academy to earn a 4-year college degree and learn leadership skills (00:13:23:00) o A vast majority of students go for an engineering degree (00:13:40:00) o Zulauf picked civil engineering as his major (00:14:02:00) The academic year goes from the first week of August to the last week in May (00:14:56:00) New member training is split into two halves (00:15:10:00) o First half is mental training. This determines whether or not the students can handle the psychological strains that come with the field in which they may be employed. (00:15:13:00) o Having a brother that went to the academy at least provided a brief introduction to what this lifestyle would be like. (00:16:11:00) o The second half takes place at Jack’s Valley, a training complex at the Air Force Academy and took place in the last 3 weeks of new member training. This setting taught students the physical aspects of the Air Force with tasks such as obstacle courses firearm handling. (00:16:40:00) After the 6-7 weeks of new member training is complete, the student is recognized as a “member of the Cadet wing”, which translates to a “part of the student body” (00:17:45:00) o When you become a member of the cadet wing, you receive shoulder boards, which were placed on the shoulders of a service dress jacket. These boards would receive emblems such as the “horizon”, “cloud”, and ”ground” later in the student career. (00:18:15:00) o Other trinkets of value would be added to the service dress according to student achievement, for instance, earning above a 3.0 grade point average (00:19:15:00) Students at the Air Force Academy are graded in three areas: military service, academics, and athletics. (00:19:30:00) After basic training, a student begins the actual first year of a 4- year study. This lasts approximately 9 months (00:20:25:00) o During this time, one task that freshmen must attend to involves running on several pieces of connected square marble, at attention, greeting each person that he/she comes into contact with in the appropriate way (00:20:39:00) �       o Freshmen have a quota of tasks to complete on each of the three levels of study per unit of time. For this reason, students are almost always “dead tired”. (00:21:20:00) While at the Air force Academy, “your life is fully controlled”. (00:22:00:00) o All of the training determines when a student will graduate and become a second lieutenant, a position that outranks 90% of the Air Force body. (00:22:07:00) Another duty of freshman is “calling minutes”, which is where a squadron of the Air Force Academy informed other students of current conditions and a variety of daily information such as the weather, time of day, and lunch menu. (00:22:35:00) o Along with this, students would be given routine “knowledge tests” from a 200 page book called Contrails. This text aimed to inform students on the history and processes of the Air Force Academy (00:25:47:00) For Zulauf, the hardest thing to adjust to was the collective workload in balancing military, academics, and athletics. (00:26:32:00) o “Every day was filled. You had no free time”. (00:27:05:00) o Training officers were very strict (00:27:35:00) About 20% of students drop out in the first year. (00:29:40:00) o This would happen at any point in the academic year (00:29:45:00) o Dropping out was particularly easy because one was not bound to attendance, there was no money owed after the first two years, and a student could not fall below a 2.0 grade point average without being on academic probation. (00:30:05:00) Students also have to adhere to the “Honor Code”, which says that nobody will lie, cheat, steal, or tolerate any of the aforementioned terms no matter what. (00:30:35:00) o In addition to the code, a student can be put on “honor probation” for a violation of the terms. If this happens, the student will be asked to go before a board of officers and be “tried” for honor violations. (00:31:05:00) o Zulauf once sat on a board as a sophomore and the student violator was kicked out of the academy. (00:31:22:00) o It is possible to “self-report” yourself if you are approached by another student and asked to explain yourself due to a possible violation. This maintains a “culture of honesty” amongst the cadets. (00:32:01:00) o The Air Force Academy also exercises “core values”, which involves “integrity first, service before self, and excellence in all we do” (00:34:05:00) During the freshman year, students are allowed to go off campus on weekends, but this privilege may be limited. (00:34:35:00) o “the process is very political” because congress runs the Air Force Academy, and is ever- changing student processes/abilities (00:34:52:00) o Students also receive holiday leave, which includes 4-5 days for Thanksgiving, 10 days for Christmas, 7 days for Spring break, and a summer break split into three sections called “A, B, and C go’s” which you have a certain practice mission to complete in 3- 36 hour segments (00:35:40:00) In one of “go’s”, called the “Jump Program”, a student is tested on sky diving, where if the student is unable to activate his or her own parachute, it results in termination from the program (00:38:20:00) o This is done at the Air Force Academy’s own airfield (00:38:32:00) �o The student is exposed to any possible environment that a cadet would have to endure if they were to have to free-fall from an aircraft. This could include pouring water on the student to mimic precipitation, using a leaf blower to simulate high winds, or another individual impose physically obstructions such as tampering with boots. Cadets are also tested on structural impositions such as a faulty parachute. (00:40:20:00) o Sports players were usually not allowed to have this type of simulation training for fear of physical impairment and the inability to continue with Air Force Academy athletics. (00:41:22:00) o A student can enroll in this program either in the summer of his or her Freshman year or the summer before Senior year (00:41:50:00) o This was Zulauf’s first “section” of summer after Freshman year (00:41:48:00)  The second section of Zulauf’s first summer as an Air Force Academy student was spent in Dyess Air Force Base in Abilene, Texas (00:42:01:00) o Traveled by C-130 aircraft (00:42:05:00) o Zulauf worked in a personnel squadron during this time, allowing him to see the vast amounts of paperwork that go into military processes (00:42:24:00) Final Years at the Air Force Academy: (00:42:40:00)  With the addition of years completed at the Air Force Academy, a student earns markedly more respect from peers (00:43:03:00)  During sophomore year, students are required to declare a major (00:43:45:00) o Main focus for students in their second year is academics (00:43:50:00)  In the summer after sophomore year, Zulauf travelled to Elmendorf-Richardson Air Base in Anchorage, Alaska. (00:44:05:00) o He was enrolled in the FERL program, which stands for “Field Experiment Readiness Laboratory”. (00:44:10:00) o FERL is aimed at civil engineering majors. (00:44:21:00) o Those in the program were able to tour all of the engineering facilities on the base. (00:44:35:00)  Civil engineers who work in the Air Force do a great amount of “dirty work” (00:45:11:00) o These individuals would use land machinery like bulldozers, pave roads, and use shovels for various things. (00:45:13:00) o Air Force bases are work with extremely large amounts of concrete, so people of this field are in demand. (00:45:37:00) o An officer- level civil engineer would be in charge of making sure structures were functional, dealing heavily with physics and mathematics. They are also responsible for negotiating with contractors on project matters such as budget and timeline. (00:46:02:00)  While in Alaska, Zulauf was able to embark on some various trips (00:47:00:00) o One was a halibut fishing trip. (00:47:02:00) o Another was a hike, where Cold War Era bunkers were found. (00:47:10:00) o Visited Denali National Park. (00:47:20:00)  Another part of FERL took place back in Colorado Springs. (00:47:35:00) �      o This portion of the program allowed students to work on civil engineering- related projects materials like the construction of bridges, water filtration systems, and the handling of concrete and asphalt. (00:47:35:00) o The FERL project was the entirety of Zulauf’s “B- Go”. (00:48:11:00) Zulauf went home to Muskegon during his “B- Go” (00:48:09:00) Zulauf’s “C- Go” took place in South Korea. (00:48:15:00) o Learned a great deal about Korean culture by visiting Seoul, the Korean Demilitarized Zone, and the Korean War Memorial. (00:48:21:00) o This trip was mostly vacation and little military duty. (00:49:13:00) o Upper-level academy members are given more opportunities to visit places just for the sake of leisure than are lower-level students. (00:48:19:00) o Students had the most contact with the Korean people when they went to the local markets. (00:50:20:00) After Korea, Zulauf entered his junior year. (00:52:30:00) o Junior status students are still below seniors, but are given very important leadership roles. (00:52:42:00) o Zulauf spent the first part of this year as an exchange student at the U.S. Coast Guard Academy located in New London, Connecticut. (00:53:01:00) o Only about 50 cadets out of 1000 are accepted into exchange programs. (00:53:15:00) In his last 3 years at the Air Force Academy, Zulauf was in Cadet Squadron 33. (00:53:33:00) Coast Guard Academy was “very interesting”. (00:54:28:00) o Zulauf was able to drive to Boston to practice sailing. (00:54:32:00) o The ship that the students practiced sailing on was a German WWI “prize” given to the Americans upon the defeat of Germany. (00:54:39:00) o The students took the ship out near Cape Cod and saw a variety of marine life. (00:55:15:00) o Zulauf was part of the “Competitive Sailing Team” at the Coast Guard Academy. (00:55:35:00) o The atmosphere differed significantly from that of the Air Force Academy because the Coast Guard is a small service with little funding. Zulauf also notes that a student accumulates more privileges with seniority at the Air Force Academy whereas the workload is “spread out” amongst the 4 years at the Coast Guard Academy. (00:56:01:00) o Zulauf believes that the Coast Guard is more “rank-oriented” than the Air Force Academy. Coast guard affiliates emphasize official titles more so than Air Force affiliates. (00:56:39:00) o The Coast Guard Academy, being a Division III school, was conventionally smaller than the Air Force Academy, which is a Division 1 school. (00:57:15:00) o A large percentage of the officers at the Coast Guard Academy are alumni of the school whereas a much smaller fraction of Air Force Academy officers actually attended the academy. (00:58:00:00) The most common ways to get commissioned is by reserve officer training programs and service academies. (00:58:20:00) �        As an upperclassman, Zulauf decided to be more “relaxed” with classmates below him when he returned to the Air Force Academy. (00:59:39:00) o One reason for Zulauf’s attitude was his desire for students to focus more on academics in order to be more inclined to gain acceptance to graduate school. Zulauf supported shortened military tasks to allow more study time. (00:59:42:00) There was always a sense of “Big Brother watching you” at the academy (01:03:20:00) o Zulauf thought this was a good thing because it reinforced the accountability that students were taught to incorporate into their values. (01:03:27:00) Air Force students are often visited by speakers between meals and classes. (01:04:20:00) o Amongst those speakers were national sports team coaches, U.S. presidents, and vice presidents. (01:04:30:00) Zulauf received a medical retirement pass from the academy so once he graduated; he began looking for work immediately. (01:06:00:00) o He found a job in San Diego, California and moved there for a time, but the job did not last. (01:06:12:00) o Zulauf was eventually employed by the U.S. Census Bureau. (01:06:20:00) o After the second job failed, Zulauf returned home to Michigan and is currently attending Grand Valley State University to earn a master’s degree in education in hopes of becoming a math teacher. (01:06:28:00) Despite his retirement, Zulauf still had access to some veteran’s benefits including medical and military traveling coverage. (01:06:48:00) After graduating from the Academy, “everyone scatters”. (01:07:38:00) o Zulauf noted several companions who are now located in Europe and Asia. (01:07:45:00) Contemporarily, female Air Force Academy Students have become very integrated into the culture of the school (01:08:20:00) o One of the few, and the most prominently visible, difference between female and male Air Force Academy students is athletic records including those of Athletic Fitness Tests (AFT’s) and Physical Fitness Tests (PFT’s). (01:08:25:00) o About 15% of the Air Force Academy Student Body is women, according to Zulauf. (01:10:40:00) “The academy teaches hard work. I will never go through anything as difficult as the Air Force. My life is completely put into perspective. Nothing can be harder than that”. (01:12:10:00) o Zulauf said that the academy also installed firm leadership skills in him, which will also help him become a strong teacher in the future. (01:12:41:00) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ZulaufM1075V Title A name given to the resource Zulauf, Michael (Interview outline and video), 2011 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zulauf, Michael Description An account of the resource Michael Zulauf reported for duty to the United States Air Force Academy on July 1st 2004, just a month after graduating from high school in Muskegon, Michigan. In his interview, Zulauf offers a detailed description of his experiences as a student there, as well as in assignments in Alaska, Korea, and at the Coast Guard Academy. Zulauf was permitted medical retirement from the Air Force Academy after graduating in 2008 and is now attending Grand Valley State University pursuing a master's degree in education. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings United States. Air Force Other veterans & civilians--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011-04-05 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4a20c331c66c9bad6cf74fb0bba517dc.mp4 0aa0bef794cb5e9931e8065c717f6919 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b152ed8b2b17aad3ac44ff09e3bdce0c.pdf 522e88be6cad5bbd351dcf35d55f81db PDF Text Text ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEW GORDON ZUVERINK Interviewed by: Anita VanTil, GVSU Transcribed by: Joan Raymer June 29, 2007 Interviewer: “What is your name” Gordon Zuverink Interviewer: “What was your rank during your time in the South Pacific?” Staff Sergeant. Interviewer: “What year did you join the National Guard?” 1939, after I got out of high school. I needed a few bucks of extra money and that was a good way to get a few dollars to spend and a couple of my buddies were in there so I joined the “Guard” not knowing what was going to happen. Interviewer: “When you joined the 126th did you understand the history of the 32nd Division at all? Had you heard anything about it?” No. I just joined because it was a local National Guard. 1:01 Interviewer: “Had you ever lived traveled outside the West Michigan area before that?” Not much, I doubt whether I was even out of the state. I traveled to the east side of the state as a teenager, I drove in my Jalopy, but no, I had not done any extensive traveling, of course I was only 19 when I joined—I was 18 when I joined and I was 19 when we went to Louisiana. Interviewer: “How did Holland send you guys off? Were there dinners?” Oh, there was a big parade downtown. We marched from the armory down 8th Street to the depot and thousands of people lined the streets and sent us off to meet the train. 1:55 Interviewer: “Did you take any good luck charms or mementos with you to Louisiana?” 1 �No, just a photograph of my girl friend and that was about the extent of it. Interviewer: “I am going to ask you some questions about Louisiana now. Tell me about a typical day in Louisiana, what did you do?” I was a Supply Sergeant, so I didn’t do a lot of field training. I did some shooting on the range, we all had to do that, but primarily I was in charge of supply and had to make sure that the guys had the necessary clothing they needed and like the cooks, they stayed in camp, but whenever there was a review, of course, I had to march in the review and I was the guy that carried the guidon, a little flag. 3:00 Interviewer: “What is the funniest thing you ever saw in Louisiana?” I didn’t see much funny about Louisiana. We had some funny things happen in our organization, but in Louisiana we did make a couple of trips through Baton Rouge and Alexandria, which was the town nearest us, but we didn’t get mixed up in the civilization of Louisiana other than Sundays. We did come from a religious group and we would go to church on Sunday evening and we got to sing in the choir a few times, so we were a little active in that way, in the local scenario. 3:56 Interviewer: “Do you remember where you were when you heard about Pearl Harbor?” Oh yes. Interviewer: “Can you tell me about that?’ It was Sunday morning and my wife was there. My wife and I got married the summer before, so my wife and I were at our little garage home that we shared with the First Sergeant of my company and we had heard what went on, that we had been attacked by the Japanese at Pearl Harbor and we immediately went to the local gathering spot, the Schlitz Canteen, just outside of Camp Livingston and that’s where everybody talked and 2 �watched and tried to decide what was going to happen to us at that time. I could almost name the guys that were there, my First Sergeant and the other guys that were out of camp for the weekend. That was just outside of Camp Livingston. 5:12 Interviewer: “Do you think your training prepared you for New Guinea? That you had in Louisiana?” Prepared for war, but not for New Guinea. There was no training. There was no jungle training that we had up to that time. In fact, when we were in Australia, not even then. We always said, “The people that trained us for jungle warfare were the Japanese”. Interviewer: “Can you describe the train trip over to California? What kind of accommodations and atmosphere was there?” 5:55 Well that’s a---from station to station and I’m sure you hear this from other people, but every time the train stopped to feed—we were fed along the way of course, some of the guys would go to the chow line and other ones would head for town to find the nearest bar to pick up a bottle and there was a bit of alcohol consumed during the train ride across the country and that was the longest trip any of us had had for a long time. We went from Fort Devens, of course, to San Francisco, but it was exciting. 6:50 Interviewer: “I’m going to ask you some more questions about the trip to the South Pacific. Can you tell me what ship you were on and how long did it take to get there?” We were on the S.S. Lurline. That was a converted pleasure liner. I believe it took us 21 days to get there and the reason it took so long, I guess, is because most of the way we were zigzagging and I was on gun duty and watching for periscopes and submarines and enemy ships. I recall a couple of days the ship turned around and headed straight east and I thought, “well maybe the war has been called off, maybe were going back”, but 3 �what I found later---apparently there was some scare of some ships seen in the area, so it was a dodging maneuver trying to get out of that area, but we saw no other ships. We had, I believe, a 9-ship convoy until we reached Australia of course. 8:17 Interviewer: “Did you have a “King Neptune” ceremony?” Oh yes. Interviewer: “Tell me about it.” Oh, that was rough. I wasn’t one of them that they---we had representatives that would represent each of us to go through the thing, but I was glad I wasn’t there and I wouldn’t want to, because the guys got messed up pretty good. I believe I still have in my memorabilia, the card that I am whatever they call it, I have forgotten. Interviewer: “You’re official?” Yup, I’m a member. Interviewer: “Had you heard any rumors about the Japanese or the fighting that was going on while you were on your way to the South Pacific?” 9:09 No, no, there was some speculation on board ship wondering where we were going to go and the best rumor we had was that we were going to Hawaii, which proved not to be true. Interviewer: “It wouldn’t have been so bad—better than what you ended up in?” Yeah. Interviewer: “In Australia now, how did the Australians treat you Americans?” Wonderful, the hospitality was great there. We were the “Yanks’ of course. They called us the “Bloody Yanks”. 9:46 4 �Interviewer: “What was your reaction to the Australian soldiers that you saw coming back from New Guinea? Did you see any soldiers?” A few. Not too many, that was 1942 and there weren’t many back there yet. Occasionally we would run into a few when we would get a leave and go into the local pub to drink a few beers, there would usually be a couple of them in there. They were very friendly guys and we were impressed at their—they were “Gung Ho”. That’s the way they were on the front line too, they were just great fighters—we found out later in New Guinea fighting along side of them. 10:38 Interviewer: “What is the best memory you have of Australia?” Well, my best memories of Australia after I got back, because we didn’t see much of it while we were there, we were in camp primarily, either at Sandy Creek down at Adelaide or up at Newcastle, Brisbane and Camp Cable. We didn’t get out much at that time; it was only afterward that we really mixed with the civilian population, after I got out of combat. Interviewer: “How and where did you land on New Guinea?” 11:39 We landed at Port Moresby. I might add, our first recognition that there was a war going on was a ship right along side of where we docked was sunk by the Japanese and was lying there in the water. A big Liberty Ship I think it was, so we knew---war became a reality then. Interviewer: “What were the native people like that you met while you were on New Guinea? Physically, were they helpful? Did they have any strange customs?” Well, Port Moresby of course, was somewhat civilized and they wore regular clothes like anybody else does. It was later on we met the true Papuan native. Again, when we were 5 �at Port Moresby, we were restricted and we stayed right at that bivouac area and I was only at the bivouac area a couple of days. 12:52 Interviewer: “What kind of weaponry did you personally carry?” I carried an M1 rifle, which I changed a couple of times on the front line. I was the expert rifleman in our company and I was the designated sniper and I preferred other weapons to the M1 for sniping duties, in fact the best sniping rifle I had was a captured Japanese sniper’s rifle. It worked better than ours. It was more precise, it had a longer barrel and you could shoot it better, but primarily starting out, I had the M1 rifle. 13:45 Interviewer: “What did you throw away out of your pack?” First one was, we weren’t on the trail a half a day and we threw the gas masks away. We didn’t figure we would be gassed. Interviewer: “What items that were in your pack were the most helpful to you?” My shelter half, the half of the pup tent and of course a couple of pair of socks that I had which were gone pretty fast on this hike over the Owen Stanley Mountains. 14:23 Interviewer: “What was the Kapa Kapa Trail like physically?” It was very grueling, not a wide trail, not nearly as wide as the Kokoda Trail, the Kokoda Trail was one of the main trails going across New Guinea, but the Kapa Kapa Trail was a little known trail, I understood from history that I researched after the war and it only went one way, two ways, up and back and you couldn’t stray from that trail. You couldn’t get lost because, you know, somebody didn’t lead me and say, “go this way”, you just followed the trail and kept going in a northeasterly direction. 15:18 Interviewer: “How cold did it get in the Owen Stanley Mountains at night?” 6 �It didn’t get cold, it’s the rain forest and it was quite warm. At the top of the mountain, when we really got into the rain forest, there it got a little bit chilly, but I don’t ever remember being cold. Wet, yes, in fact perspiring after a couple of days—we wore fatigues, that was out uniform and the pant legs were pulling on my legs because they were wet and I finally cut them off and that was much easier walking than having those pant legs dragging on my skin all the time. It was much more comfortable. 16:16 Interviewer: “I know we talked about this a little bit ahead of time, but can you tell me a little bit about the native teenager that helped you?” Oh yes, we had an interpreter with us and we had some natives that were bearers, carrying some of the heavier equipment for us, but we did have this teenager, Carlo Keela, who was an interpreter for our company and I didn’t get to know him very well, I knew of him and I knew him a little bit as we were walking across, but when we got over the top of the high peak and on the other side of the mountain, I might add that we were supplied by dropping areas, that’s the only way we could get food and when we would get to a dropping area, they would say,” take whatever you want for 5 days or 4 days or whatever it is”, so it was up to us to carry our own food, but when we got over to the other side of the mountain, we saw native villages all along the way, but this particular native village was called Jaure and I being the supply Sergeant for my unit, they put me in charge of that dropping area and left Carlo Keela, the interpreter, with us and we had with us a two man radio crew from the Signal Corps and they stayed in a little hut with the radio on by the side of the mountain and they would inform us when a plane was going to come over to drop supplies and food. 18:05 Other than that it was kind of fun. I don’t know how long we were there, maybe 10 days or 2 weeks. We had stayed there 7 �until the rest of the battalion came through, up the trail and picked up their supplies. We had tea and moldy bread and didn’t have any socks or clothing or anything, just food and no ammunition, they didn’t drop ammunition, we had to carry all that, but Carlo and I got to be very friendly and I have never forgotten the kid, a young teenager, he had been educated in a mission and could speak good English and could converse in the various dialects of the natives and he proved important to us when it came time when we received instructions. When the last of the troops came through our dropping area, we had to pack up and leave and head for Buna, so he commandeered the natives from the local village to pack up our supplies and we headed down the Kapa Kapa Trail for the front lines. 19:26 Interviewer: “When and where did your unit encounter the Japanese for the first time?” Well, it was on the Sanananda Trail. Our company was posted on just short of a road block that the anti tank battalion had established and our company had to keep that line open so they could get supplies back and forth to their unit. They called it a listening post, they were there just to make sure the Japanese didn’t come through and cut off the anti tank group that was up there and not very exciting, but one evening I had just finished eating a delicious can of mutton and I had my rifle laying across my knees, and sitting on a big log that went out into the jungle, when I heard a rustling noise and I looked around there was a Japanese just crawling up over the log, on the other end of the log that I was sitting on. 20:45 He was the wrong way, my gun is here and you shoot like that, like a dummy I shot pheasants and things and if it worked out I’d shoot left handed, but no, I had to jump around and twist around and by the time he saw me move, he jumped behind a bush along side that log, so I let one fly into that bush and he let out 8 �a yelp and he came crawling back across that log and I thought, “now I gotcha” and I had a bead on him and he was going to be a dead Jap. “Click”, I had a jam, I had a cartridge jammed in the chamber and you talk about a scared “Dutchman”, I was so scared, I thought if he heard that click, he and I are going to go hand to hand and that was evening at dusk and that was the worst night I spent on the front line. 21:46 The moon was shinning, when it got dark I was laying there waiting for these Japs to come back and the moon was shinning and casting shadows on the ground and the whole Japanese army came right through my position, I imagined. I knew it was my imagination working on me, I couldn’t get over it, that was the worst night I spent on the whole front line. Other worst nights, we had frontal attacks that weren’t fun at all. That was my first encounter with the Japanese and I guess I just winged him, I think I got him in the leg. He looked like he was dragging his leg when he went over the top of that log. 22:35 Interviewer: “Do you remember who was the first casualty in your unit and can you tell me about him?” I think it was Sergeant Dannenburg and right after that it was Sergeant Fuller. Dannenburg was from Wisconsin and Fuller was from Wayland or somewhere around here. I met his family, relatives of his at one of our reunions and they talked to me about him and I said, “yes, I knew Steve”, but Sergeant Dannenburg was the first one that was shot by a sniper and he had crawled over to one of his members of his platoon who was in a fox hole and had been hit by a sniper in the belly and he was crying for help, so Dannenburg crawled over there and was talking to him in the fox hole and he said, “we’ll get you outa there Boogie, we’ll getch outa there” and bang, right through his helmet and Dannenburg was dead and so we had to get him out of there knowing that the sniper was 9 �still out there. 23:50 Of course when a sniper was in the area, we put all the machine guns and all the 50 caliber guns on all the suspecting palm trees and just blaze the tops away trying to get whoever was around, you couldn’t see them up there, but we couldn’t leave Dannenburg lay there so Harry Glatz and I said, “Harry lets go in there, you grab one leg and I’ll grab the other and we’ll get him outa there”, so we dashed up there and we each took a leg and dragged him outa there and we eventually got Boogie outa there, I believe it was later on in the afternoon, so we apparently had gotten the sniper with the fire we put down. A couple of days later Fuller got it, he was talking talking to his--standing on the edge of a fox hole talking to a couple of his guys, members of his platoon, he had his hand up to his chin like this and he got shot right through the hand and the throat and it popped his neck wide open and I thought, “oh no” and we had to go up there and get him outa there, so those were the 2, first 2, my counterpart, because I was up to Platoon Sergeant, we don’t need Supply Sergeants on the front lines, so I was Platoon Sergeant, but we did have counter attacks and attacks that we went on where guys were shot and I don’t remember who they were. 25:24 In fact, a Lieutenant, one of our frontal attacks, Lieutenant before we went on the attack he said, “stick by me Zuverink, stay right by me”, so I did. At the signal we got out of our fox holes and started screaming and hollering and running and suddenly I heard a BANG behind me and Lieutenant went down, we had over run one of the Japanese in the ground and shot the Lieutenant in the back and of course I grabbed a grenade and threw it down in the fox hole and took care of him, but those are the kind of things we had during the frontal attacks, they were not fun, run and scream like a banshee—you couldn’t really see anything, just throw that out there and hope that you didn’t get hit. 26:23 10 �Interviewer: “What about your cousin, John Van Til?” Yea, see he was in Company “D” and I went into Cannon Company back when 126 was streamlined, so I had transferred to Cannon Company, but I had heard just a day after John got hit that, I believe or was led to believe, that he was with Ozzie Vos, who was a Lieutenant, Ozzie got wounded and John got killed instantly and I guess it was a mortar shell that got him. John and I were pretty close--we went on passes together when we were in Louisiana. John always told my wife, after war was declared and we knew we were going, he told my wife he said, “don’t worry about your husband, he’s going to come back, he is a good shot and a good soldier”, he said, “me I don’t know”, my wife never forgot that. 27:30 Interviewer: “Did your unit ever take any POW’s?” None, I guess the motto was, “Take no prisoners”, shoot before they can get so close that you can take them prisoner. Of course they were, I understood afterward that they were all worn out and quite emaciated. They had fought over the Kokoda Trail and back again, but there were some replacements that had not fought on the Kokoda Trail. Speaking of the Kapa Kapa Trail and the Kokoda Trail, the Japanese, I mean the Aussies, were reinforced when the Japanese got within 35 miles of Port Moresby. If they had gotten to Port Moresby and taken that, the next stepping stone would have been the mainland of Australia, so it was important that they be beaten back, so the Aussies started pushing them back down the Kokoda Trail and I often wondered, “what on earth were we walking up that Kapa Kapa Trail for, why did we have to walk to Buna when later on our guys flew over?” 29:02 Well, I found out later that we were supposed to get behind the Japanese and cut off their supply lines. Well, the further we walked, the further the 11 �Aussies pushed the Japs back and by the time we got to Buna they were already back there, so that was our first encounter. I did see a couple of—two different time we did see Aussies coming off of the line and how they got to the Kapa Kapa Trail, I don’t know, but there would be 3 or 4 of them in one particular time they were carrying a stretcher with one of their wounded fellas and I remember I said in my written biography, auto-biography, I said that “they met us and as they were coming by us they said, “give em hell yanks”. 29:55 Interviewer: “Do you feel that you had a reputation to uphold, both as an American and as a member of the 32nd?” Oh, absolutely. Yes we knew we were setting a precedent, we were the first American soldiers over there and sure we had to show what the American people were like. We had a reputation to uphold, sure. Interviewer: “Were you injured ever at Sanananda, Buna or on the trail?” No, never injured by enemy fire, no. I got malaria fever, black water fever, had 2 kinds of worms they discovered, Hook Worm and Whip Worm, jungle rot was the, other than malaria, jungle rot was the worst thing, a series of boils that were on both legs and they just wouldn’t heal up, just like boils, jungle rot and that got a lot of the guys, it was a fungus, wet clothing. 31:23 My wife said, “How often were you able to change your socks?” I said, “I only had one pair of socks and I only had one pair of underwear” and I tried to wash it out if we got near a stream, that’s about the extent of it. It would get wet most of the time at night. It would rain almost every day and we would wake up wet in the morning. Just during the day it would dry up and at night it would get wet again and we had no reporters with us, certainly no camera crew, but there were a few reporters that 12 �got into Buna I guess and you might have read it that it was the worst bunch of American soldiers that he had ever seen in his life, circled eyes and skinny limbs. After a couple of months walking on the trail, we were in pretty tough shape. 32:22 Interviewer: “What happened to the unit’s morale as they went over the trail?” It wasn’t good. It was pretty hard to keep upbeat, I keep mentioning Harry Glatz, a friend of mine from Holland, Harry I were probably the best physical specimens, we didn’t march, we walked as fast as we could. Harry and I always were out in front, we always arrived at the bivouac area first and it was, looking back at it, like a walk in the park. Some of the guys, they just couldn’t take it, they were so exhausted and the heels, walking in the mud and the roots, some of the heels come off and some would lose the heels of their shoes and had very difficult walking and you couldn’t get a new pair of shoes. 33:35 They complained that they couldn’t walk anymore, they couldn’t walk anymore, well I guess my commanding officer, Captain Fenton, didn’t like—he took offense that Harry and I were the first ones in camp every night, had our fire made, had our rice cooked, and he said, ”Zuverink, your going to bring up the rear tomorrow and push these guys, your going to be the pusher tomorrow and for a few days.” I didn’t like that at all because some of the time I’m carrying 2 packs and pushing the guys, pushing the guys along and those were the toughest, my toughest days on the trail, trying to help someone else along. After a few days of that I told the Captain, “you can court martial me if you want to, but if I want to get to the other side, I can’t keep doing that, I need to get back out front where I belong”, so he never said anything about it and let it go at that. 34:47 13 �Interviewer: “So all those nights that you spent on the trail and all the nights you were at Buna and Sanananda, what did you dream about the most? What did you have left to look forward to?” Well, I didn’t do much dreaming because I didn’t fall asleep until I was utterly exhausted and of course we could only sleep in shifts and the guy next to you was going to stay awake while you took a nap and it was not a whole night’s sleep. I remember a couple of times waking up in the morning laying on the ground and you pick a little high spot in the ground to lay on and in the morning you wake up and my hand and my feet are in the water that wasn’t there the night before-- it rained. It would rain so hard in the night that the water would collect and then run off again, but there not the best of accommodations there. 35:42 Water, drinking water, if we weren’t near a river, the only way we could get a canteen full of water was to dig a hole in the ground and the water was probably a foot below there, just dig a hole until we got water and get all that mud out of there and wait for a half hour until all that dirt and foam would settle and take a canteen cup and dip it in there and fill your canteen and put 2 iodine drops-- tablets in there and it was fresh water. That’s the only way we could get water unless, like I said, you would come upon a river. Interviewer: “You were telling us how you woke up in the field hospital there. Did you go back to the hospital in Australia then too?” Yes, I was carried from the front line and flown back from the Buna area to Port Moresby and went into the field hospital there, which was like a big circus tent and I understand that I was there probably a week, a small week maybe, in a semi-coma and when I woke up I was wondering where I was, I had to ask where I was, I woke up in the evening, I 14 �remember, and I checked to see if all my limbs were still there yet. 37:23 I raised one leg and thought, “that can’t be my leg, that skinny limb there”. When I went in, when we went into New Guinea, I weighed close to 200 lbs. And at that hospital I weighed 135 lbs. and I was in that hospital until I was ambulatory, until I could walk to the plane and I was flown to Townsville and we didn’t have any seats or benches in the plane and we sat on the aluminum floor and the vibration, when the plane landed I couldn’t walk. 38:08 They had to carry me off the plane. This was at Townsville where we landed and back into the hospital again and I spent some time there. What I had was orchitus, that affects the testicles and I couldn’t walk or do anything. I was there recuperating for about a week and ambulatory well enough to go to—to get a pass to go to town and drink a couple of beers and I walked to town and walked back, but by the time walked back I was down again. I shouldn’t have done that, so it was another few days and they finally gave up. They put me on another plane and sent me back—no I got better—I healed up and I got ambulatory and I could go back to my company, so they flew me back to Brisbane and I went back to Sandy Creek and joined my outfit again, who was getting—Cannon Company was getting replacements from the states and rebuilding to a new strength again. 39:14 I took over my job as Supply Sergeant and I don’t know how long we were there, but I would go back and forth to the hospital with malaria. Malaria would throw me back and forth to the hospital. Finally they gave up on me and said, “this guy can’t do it anymore”. They flew me to Sidney and I went to the 118th general hospital in Sidney and I was in that hospital for 9 months trying to get over---they were trying to heal up my jungle rot and get rid of the worms I had in my intestines and get over the occurrences of malaria and black water fever and after 9 months they discharged me and 15 �sent me to the replacement depot and from there I was reassigned to the 799th Military Police Battalion. 40:10 We were in charge of a stockade in Sydney that was not a POW camp, that stockade that was for our “bad boys” AWOL’s and deserters. Some of our guys would slip away from their outfit and our guards would have to go and pick them up and put them in the stockade until we could send them back to their unit, but that’s primarily what I did in Sydney, I was the Supply Sergeant for the stockade and the Military Police. Interviewer: “Was there quite a bit of AWOL’s and people walking off?” Lots of them, our stockade was full. 40:55 We had a couple of bad guys I remember who were not AWOL’s, they were deserters, guys that just left their outfit and those bad ones, we sent to a prison called “Round Mountain” at Brisbane and that’s where the bad guys went. AWOL’s, they were just out for a good time and we sent them back to their unit. We had some occurrences in the stockade, I remember one time one of our bad ones was shot, he had escaped once before, his name was Bert, and he was a “baddie”. He escaped once before and we got him and got him back in again and he was— sometime later he was trying to climb the wall again and the guard said “halt, halt, get back down off that fence, halt” and he kept climbing and he shot him in the back and knocked him off the fence and that was--- we had found that he came from a bad family, his mother was in prison over here stateside and he should have been let go for the good of the service. He was more trouble than good. 42:09 Interviewer: “ Do you remember when the decision was made to send you back here to the states and what was that like?” 16 �It went on rotation points. You built up rotation points by time and combat service. You reach a certain point, I forgot what they were, but they were in the hundreds. I knew that I had enough points to go back to the states and I just kept bugging my Captain and he said, “we need you here, you’re important to this” and he finally admitted, when I finally did get my traveling orders he said, “we have inspection, you know we have inspection periodically and I always get an A-1 rating and it is primarily because of the way you run a supply, your one of the reasons and I can’t let you go” and I said, “oh come on a prisoner could do my work, a trustee could do my work”. “No” he said, “you’re important to me”. I never forgot that, he held me over and I could have gone 2 months earlier, I had enough points to go. 43:31 I think I mentioned before that I was married. When I left, I left my wife pregnant and my daughter, I found out, was born on September 12 when I was in New Guinea at Port Moresby and I don’t think I was on the trail at that time, but at one of the dropping stations we received some mail, it was dropped to us and I received a V-Mail saying that you had a daughter born on September 12th and I was walking over the Owen Stanley Mountains and that was the first I found out that I was a father. I never saw her until she was—oh, a couple of months before her 3rd birthday, so I had something to come home to. 44:28 Interviewer: “Was your wife here in town or was she at a base?” No, she—when we shipped out to Massachusetts, she lived in Holland and she was working for the defense plant in Holland and she worked there all the time I was gone and she lived with her mother and father and they, her mother and father, raised my daughter and that was a bad thing when we decided to move out and take her with us. 17 �Her grandfather and she were such buddies, they were mother and father to her you know. It was a pretty tough situation for her to get pulled out of that environment. 45:27 Interviewer: “Were you awarded any medals for service or distinction and if so, what for?” Have I earned any medals? Interviewer: “No, were you awarded any medals?” Yes, the Bronze Star with 2 clusters and that was the one special one. The rest were all— Good Conduct Ribbon, everybody got a Good Conduct Ribbon unless they died in the stockade, but if you were a good guy, you got a Good Conduct Ribbon. I had the Expert Rifleman’s Badge and Combat Infantry Badge, which they all got if you were in combat infantry and the unit citations of course; we had Presidential Unit Citations, I probably got a dozen medals that I was awarded. Some of them I didn’t get until several years ago. I had to write for them because they weren’t issued at the time I was discharged. If I had them on my chest they would cover a good share of the left side of my chest. 46:45 Interviewer: “do you remember how long it took you to get back home to Holland from the South Pacific?” Well, I don’t know how long we were on board ship. We go on board ship at Brisbane. We had to go from Sydney to Brisbane to get on board ship and guess what ship I got on? The Lurline, the same one I went over on. I don’t know how long it took us to get back; it certainly didn’t take us 21 days. We went in a direct line and one of the greatest sights I ever saw was the Golden Gate Bridge when we went under that and I think I was only there a day or 2 and we were shipped back across by train to Chicago and the Great Lakes. I was separated from the Great Lakes Separation Center in Chicago. I was there 18 �for medical examinations and so on for 3 or 4 days and my sister, who was a nurse and her husband is a doctor, they live in Chicago, she drove me home when I was finally discharged, she drove me home. 48:02 When I got to Chicago I couldn’t wait to buy a set of “civvies”, a shirt and slacks, I had to get out of that army gear, so when I came home we drove up to my parents home and my wife knew that I was coming and she was there with my daughter and I stepped out of the car and my daughter was standing by the big tree and she got behind that big tree and she said, “you’re not my soldier daddy”. That was the worst thing I could have done was to come home in “civvies”, I’m telling you, I should have worn my uniform. I never forgot that, “you’re not my soldier daddy”. 48:43 Interviewer: “Did you ever visit or contact the families of the men from this area that died in New Guinea?” The only one that I recall is the Fullers, the Fuller family, I believe they are from Wayland. I ran into them at one of our reunions and they were there as guests or just people watching and they sorted me out afterwards and asked me if I had remembered Steve and I said, “oh yes, I remembered Steve very well”, I said, “I hauled him out after he had been killed”, They never heard how he died or talked to anybody who was there when he died, but that one I did. I never met the family of Dannonberg, he was from Wisconsin and of course the local guys. 49:39 My wife started keeping a scrapbook; it’s still there, up on the table there and its pretty well weather beaten and dog-eared. The pages are rotting, but their still---she made—she clipped articles out of the paper about everyone who was killed there until Boersma and those that came back wounded, but it’s all in that scrap book and it will be a keepsake that I pass along to my kids and of course 19 �John Van Til, my cousin and some of the other guys that-- their family, that got killed over there, always been in touch with them. 50:24 Interviewer: “ How do you think your time in the South Pacific altered your life?” Well, I grew up fast. I was 19 when I---I was not yet 20 when we left for Louisiana. I was born in November and we left in October and I was going to be 20 in November and I was just a young buck yet and had some wild oats to sow I guess, but we grew up fast over there. I look back at it and you know a lot of people say they can’t talk about it , but to me it was an experience I wouldn’t want to do again and I wouldn’t want to trade it for anything in the world. 51:16 I was so impressed with the whole thing, the way it went and primarily because I didn’t get killed. I came out of it and I guess—I carried a bible with me—I was a member of the 9th Street Christian Reformed Church and I had a little zippered bible that I carried with me all the time and I have that now and If you’ve got a supreme being that you know is looking after you—he sure did take care of me I’ll tell ya. There were times when bullets were flying around my feet and I still don’t know why I didn’t get hit. At one particular time, I came off—I had just talked to my platoon up front at various fox holes and told them that we were going to have a frontal attack and when it started the signal would be a burst of machine gun fire and we were supposed to open up with everything we had and I had just left the last one and I was coming back to my post, which was a bunker, and when I say bunker, which I did my sniping out of, when someone with a Tommy Gun spotted a Jap and they let that burst go and everybody thought that was it and they started firing and the Japs started firing back. 52:42 I was right in the machine gun lane, the grass was all cut off about this high from the bullets and those bullets were flying around my legs and you talk about a “Dutchman” taking big 20 �strides, I took about 3 or 4 big leaps and I dove behind that bunker and to this day I don’t know how they all missed me, but that was the closest one I had I guess, other than being on the front line. 53:10 You didn’t know if you had a bullet with your name on it or if it was for the guy next to you. Interviewer: “How were you received by Holland when you got back?” Great. My only regret is that we weren’t able to come back as a unit with all our uniforms on and march down the street and march back to the armory the way we left. We came back one at a time and just kind of melted back into civilization. Guys would get together at the local pub and drink a few beers and talk about their experiences because we had all separated pretty much. We all went separate ways during those years that we were overseas. We landed in April in 1942 and left there in June of 1945, so there were 3 years that had passed. Some guys had gone back to the states wounded and others got reassigned in the states, but we were recognized, I’ll tell you. 54:25 Of course the guards, to this day, the Holland National Guard means a lot to people. We have so many reunions put on by the city and the guards themselves and honored constantly time and time again. We just had one last Veterans Day—no, V-J Day it was, that we had a get together here in town. We were really honored there and the Mayor came up to me after we had a band concert and fireworks at Tunnel Park, which we were at and the Mayor came up to me and talked to me. He said, “I know who you are, I’m not going to ask you, I’m going to ask you how long you were in the service and when you got in”, because he knew I got in in 1940 and he had been at several of our reunions. We’ve had reunions at the armory and it’s been and honor, It really has been an honor. 55:27 I don’t mind talking about it and I am proud of it. In fact, I think I told you, I 21 �wrote and autobiography of my entire life and people who have read it said they, some people who have read it said they couldn’t lay it down. They just couldn’t. I do, I have written, I’m a sportsman, I’m a fisherman, so I’ve done some writing for some of the sporting magazines, so I know what journalism is all about. Interviewer: “Is it important for to you to stay in touch with other vets who served in the South Pacific?” Yes indeed. I am kind of the historian for our local Company “D” and for Cannon Company, the unit I served in New Guinea with and I keep track of who’s where and who dies and right now it’s down to, Bill Sikkel and I are the last two of the Holland National guard that left here in October of 1940 and went to New Guinea, we’re the only two left, Bill Sikkel and I. I’ve been to a lot of military funerals of my friends and buddies and after one and at a reunion we had, I made a little speech and I said,” you know I’ve been to some military funerals and I just hope that none of you guys ever come to my military funeral because it will mean I’m the last guy standing”. Bill never forgot that. 57:20 Interviewer: “I think he was competing with you for that one.” Yup, Bill is a pretty young looking guy too, well preserved. 57:32 Interviewer: “Well preserved, well thank you very much sir”. Frank Boring: That was outstanding. Session #2 Interviewed by: Anita VanTil Transcribed by: Joan Raymer August 9, 2007 Interviewer: “Explain the send off that Holland gave for the company “D”.” Well, that was rather eventful. We left in the evening and marched down the steps of the armory and it was about a 3-block tour to the depot where we marched downtown. Down 22 �the Main Street and crowds lined the street like it was tulip time. There were many, many people down there and they all congregated at the depot where we met the train that had come from Muskegon. :59 Interviewer: “Had the train already picked some up?” The train had picked up a company from Muskegon and Grand Haven I believe and then they were to pick up our company, Company “D”. Interviewer: “Can you remember anything that can stand out to you that maybe your mother or father or an older figure in your life had said before you left?” I don’t remember saying goodbye to my parents. I had a girlfriend that was not there that day, she was a nanny in Illinois and she intentionally went with them so she wouldn’t have to be there to say goodbye to me, but some of the other guy’s girlfriends were all there and they were hoisting them up to the windows in the train and I’ve got a picture of that, but my girlfriend was over in Illinois. 1 :00 Interviewer: “On the train and when you were picking up everybody, what was the— how did it feel? Was this just a trip that you were going on? Did you see the serious part of it yet?” Well, I thought it was rather eventful to look forward to because a young kid in those days, I was, I guess, nineteen years old and I don’t know if I was ever out of the state of Michigan. I had taken a few trips with my buddies in an old rattle trap of a car, but we were going to go to Louisiana and that was a long way away and if I had been out of the state of Michigan, I don’t know were it would have been, it might have been Indiana, but I doubt it, so it was quite an event for me. 23 �Interviewer: “I’m going to skip over to Australia because we had a lot of footage on the trip over unless there is something that really stands out that you think we should know about”. There was one occasion on the trip over when we boarded the Lurline in San Francisco. We had been out for 3 or 4 days heading southwest and there was some talk and speculation that we were going to Hawaii, which would have been nice, but suddenly for a matter of 2 or 3 days we headed straight east and I could tell because of where the sun came up. I thought it unusual and I thought maybe the war had been canceled because of lack of interest or something, but no, we had turned that way to avoid a large Japanese convoy that was trying to head us off. That was the main feature. 1:02 Interviewer: “How did you and the other Holland guardsmen, from Holland, remain bonded while training in Australia? How did you pass the time?” Of course we were in a makeshift camp, but the days, of course, were spent drilling, but the nights, some of us would chase off to the nearest town which was Gollar and we headed for the nearest pub and we would get in there and drink some beer and some wine. We did play a little softball and we played cards of course in the evening, but our schedule was pretty tight because we ran a tight training schedule knowing we wouldn’t have a long time to get prepared for wherever we were going to go. 1:03 Interviewer: “Did you go by boat over to Port Moresby?” Yes, by Liberty Ship. We landed in Adelaide, which is in southern Australia and sometime after that we were put on a troop train and taken through the outback to Brisbane and we left the Brisbane port on board a Liberty Ship to go to Port Moresby, New Guinea. 24 �Interviewer: “If you can remember back, what was atmosphere aboard the boat as you approached Port Moresby? Was there fear or was there shock?” Well, when we were heading into the port there, this was our first signs of was, that there was a war going on. There was a ship that had been sunk in the harbor and it was right next to where we docked so, the reality of it all of a sudden came into our minds that we were here. 1:04 Interviewer: “Where the Japanese bombing Port Moresby when you arrived or was it pretty quiet?” There were no signs of the Japanese in Port Moresby while we were there, but of course they had been bombing there because they bombed that ship, but there wasn’t much sign of any demolition by bombs in Port Moresby. We saw no--occasionally we’d see a Japanese bomber way up high in the evening, not zeroed on Port Moresby, I don’t know where they were going, so we didn’t see much of the was in Port Moresby. Interviewer: “Explain how long of a time you were at Port Moresby before you went on the trail? Were you at Port Moresby for days?” 1:05 We, my company and the 2nd battalion, who marched over the Owen Stanley with us, we were only there for a few days as I recall and the rest of the unit stayed there, but we were put aboard trucks and all of sudden we started heading in a southerly direction somewhere, they didn’t tell us where we were going, but we found out when we got there. The trucks got to the end of the roadway, which was the start of the Kapa Kapa Trail, there was a village there, I forgot the name of the village, but that’s where the Kapa Kapa Trail started and it was a little known trail, not heavily used. The main trail in New Guinea was the Kokoda Trail, that’s where all the fighting had taken place between the 25 �Australians and the Japanese when the Japanese were trying to fight their way from Buna, from the other side of New Guinea, the went over the Kokoda Trail, so this Kapa Kapa Trail, I guess we took because it was kind of a secretive trail and they didn’t think we would encounter any Japanese there. I was happy for that. 1:06 Interviewer: “So you didn’t encounter any Japanese on it?” No we didn’t. We did at one time after several days out we met and Aussie patrol, a little Aussie patrol came back they were carrying a stretcher with a wounded Australian on it, so they had apparently come off a side trail to get on the Kapa Kapa Trail so they could get back to Port Moresby and I know the one guy when they ran into us, of course we were the forward echelon and I’ll never forget he said, “Give em hell yanks”. So they were apparently happy to see us. 1:07 Interviewer: “When you got on the Kapa Kapa Trail how did you receive orders and did you understand the reasoning of where you were put and why?” Well, I we couldn’t figure out why we were walking up the trail. We assumed—we knew the main trail was to the north of us and we kind of assumed that we were supposed to go inland quite a ways and get behind the Japanese and cut them off from their supplies. Well, apparently that didn’t happen because about as fast as we walked the Aussies were pushing the Japanese back so; we met at Buna on the other side of Papua. I can’t believe that they thought they would walk us all the way from Port Moresby to Buna, which was 125 miles as the crow flies. It would be kind of stupid I thought, but it happened… and it took a long time. 1:08 Interviewer: “How long did it take from the moment you started on the trail until you got down to Buna?” 26 �It’s documented that the main force got to Buna 42 days after we started, but I got there just a few days later because I was first in the forward echelon and when we got over the Owen Stanley Mountains to the other side of the ridge, I had been a supply Sergeant, so my company commander left me in charge of the dropping area, that’s where we got our food, so I and a few other guys from my outfit had to stay there until the entire 2nd battalion came through and picked up their supplies. That’s how we got our supplies, just by airdrop and we had a 2-man radio crew from the signal corps and that’s how we kept in touch with headquarters. These 2 guys would give us the information they got from headquarters and relay our information back to them, so they’re the ones that gave us the orders through the Signal Corps that we were to pack up everything and get some natives to carry the supplies and head down the trail for Buna. 1:10 Interviewer: “What one image of the trail you were on stayed in your mind?” Well, I guess when we crossed over the top, that’s the rain forest and it was raining all the time. I think it was two days that we were on top of that in the rain forest and it was mud and roots and that’s where our equipment, clothing and shoes took a royal beating. Some of the guys coming down the other side, the heels would come off their shoes and we had no shoe replacements so they had to wear them as they were and if you liked a change of sox, you better have them in your back pack. That’s the only way you could get them. As I recall I wore the same clothes all the way over 50 days or however long I was on the trail. That’s a long time to wear some underwear, but we washed it out in the rivers or streams whenever we could get to it you know, but we lived like animals. 1:11 Interviewer: “What noise at night, when you were on the trail, made you the most nervous?” 27 �Noise? Lack of noise. Just a few night sounds, but it was eerily quiet and clear after the rain stopped and the sun went down, the sky was just bright with stars and I believe the moon, the moon was up, I remember that. Interviewer? “When you came down off the trail and into Buna, what did it look like to you?” Well, there wasn’t much to see—jungle, and on either side of the trail was what they call kunai grass and it grows 6 feet tall, so you didn’t see much. We came by other companies through their headquarters etc., but the other companies were all stationed along the front line at that point, in fact, my company was already on the listening post on the front line and that’s where I joined them after we brought our native train and supplies back down. 1:12 Interviewer: “In your last interview you talked about your first encounter with Japanese soldiers.” That was what we call the listening post, we were quite near the Huggins roadblock and that unit had fought its way through the Japanese line and established a roadblock. Well, that left the trail back to headquarters open, so we were stationed along that trail to keep the Japanese from cutting off that road block and we were stationed 2 guys at a post along that trail and one evening there was a big log right by our foxhole and that extended out into the jungle and I had just sat on that, unaware that there might be some Japs around and I had just finished eating a can of corned mutton and licking my chops, when I heard something off to my right, rustling in the jungle and as I looked over there I saw this Jap, a lone Jap, crawl over the end of that log that I was sitting on. I didn’t dare move because I didn’t know if he saw me or not. Well, he did see me and he jumped 28 �behind a bush right next to that log, so I pulled up my gun and fired into that bush and he let out a yelp and he came back across the log dragging his leg, I must of gotten him in the hind end or the hip or somewhere and I put another bead on him and I thought, “I got you” and I had him in my sights and I pulled the trigger and “click” the gun had jammed so, I had no round available and the guy with me, I said, “Shoot him, shoot him” and he couldn’t see him and said, “Where, where”, and I’m telling you that drove me crazy. That was my first encounter and I guess that was one of the longest nights I spent on the front line. I couldn’t get that Jap out of my mind and I was afraid that if he heard that click, we would have gone into hand-to-hand combat. Well, I wouldn’t have been afraid of that, I think I was bigger than he was according to the little Japs I saw. That night I laid there and watched, overly cautious, the moon was shinning through the jungle trees and leaves and those leaves made shadows and forms on the ground and I imagined the whole Japanese army came through my post that night. I knew it was in my mind, but I couldn’t stop it. All night long I watched the whole Japanese army cross my post. I was one scared “Dutchman”. 1:15 Interviewer: “Explain what illnesses you had after coming back to Australia from Buna and what kind of treatment they had for them?” Well, we all had to take quinine and then atabrine on the front line because most of us were bitten by the anopheles mosquito and had malaria and this would hold the fever down so—you were sick, but you didn’t know it. We had malaria, jungle rot, sores on our legs where we hadn’t washed properly and I had jungle rot on both my legs, up this side and down the other on my left leg, I had malaria and I had black water fever, which was an extended form of malaria as I understand it. I was told afterward that it is 95% 29 �fatal, in fact I was approached by a gold mining company to stay in Australia and work for them because once I had black water fever I was immune to it and I could work in the gold mines in New Guinea, which I turned down of course. I had 2 types of worms in my abdomen, hook worms and whip worm so, when I rejoined my unit—my unit left me, did I tell you that the last time? When we were relieved in the first part of January, the first, second or third of January, we were relieved by I’m not sure who it was, another division and the First Sergeant gathered us together and he said, “We’re going back to Australia”, but he said, “I gotta have 2 volunteers to stay on the front line with the replacements to acquaint them with what is going on, on the front line, what we know about it”. Well, This dummy, I said, “I’ll stay if Harry Glatz stays, Harry and I were 2 buddies that hiked it together all the time, Harry said, “I’ll stay with ya” so, we were back on the front line again and so I was—we were there probably somewhere between 10 days and 2 weeks as I recall because one day I passed out with the black water fever and they carried me off the front line, but I don’t know the exact date. Then I was flown back to Port Moresby to the field hospital there and my unit was back in Brisbane already. I stayed in the hospital there for probably a week and then flown back to the mainland and brought back to my company again. 1:19 Interviewer: “Can you go over what type of equipment you had when you were in New Guinea?” We were issued the M1 rifle, which was relatively new at that time. I guess it came to be just about the time the war started because we had old Springfield rifles before that they used in World War I, but the M1 fired a lot faster round. The Springfield rifle, you had to cock every time you would shoot, but this was automatic, it had an automatic clip. Those 30 �officers that didn’t have rifles carried a 45 automatic side arm. We carried hand grenades and bayonets for our gun. When we left Port Moresby, we were all issued gas masks of course and by the time we got to Port Moresby the gas masks were all on the other side of the mountain. They were the first thing we dumped, we didn’t think we needed gas masks there and fortunately we didn’t, but that was excess equipment and we had a back pack of course and the back pack was made up of what we call a shelter half, it’s half a pup tent and when you made camp at night you had to team up with a buddy and put the shelter halves together to made a little pup tent. We weren’t issued knives, just the bayonets for hand-to-hand combat. That was about the extent of our equipment. We had mortars, but those we didn’t carry over the mountain, they were too heavy and we had machine guns, which were too heavy and we didn’t carry those either that I recall. 1:21 Interviewer: “In Buna, explain how the fighting worked, was there some kind of system on the front lines?” Well, not really, being jungle we didn’t know what was to the left or the right of us, but we were told that “C” Company might be on our left and “A” Company on our right and we changed positions from time to time because occasionally we would have frontal attacks and take off screaming like banshees and push the Japanese back and establish new positions and afterward, in the documents I got, it was kind of a semi-circle around Buna, they call it a perimeter and had little holes in the line here and there that our units were able to break through and eventually got to the ocean on either side so, then the Japanese literally had their backs to the ocean and when they finally pushed them out of Buna there was no place to go if they wanted to run away. They jumped in the sea, in the ocean, some of them drowned in the ocean. I was carried out before—I think it was 3 31 �days before the final push on Buna, so I was already carried out at that time, but I have read a lot of war materials on that and how that all transpired. It showed diagrams in that book, where all the companies were, I saw where we were and where we moved to and that at times we were fighting side by side with the Australians, heck of fighters I’ll tell you, boy those guys were real nasty and I’m glad they were on our side. They were tough, they were tough. 1:23 Interviewer: “Some of the other men we have interviewed talked about the Japanese P.O.W.’s. What can you tell us about that?” I never saw one. It was “Take no prisoners”. I didn’t have the opportunity to take any prisoners, but there were prisoners taken. I didn’t let them get that close. I would shoot first. 1:24 Interviewer: “When you came back to Australia and you recovered as much as possible there, were you sent back to your base?” Yes, I came back to my unit and I assumed my job as supply Sergeant and I’d be there for a few days and I would get the fever again and I would go back to the field hospital and they would fill me full of atabrine and knock the fever down and send me back to the company. I think that happened about 3 times and finally they gave up and decided “this guy can’t go back into combat again” so, I was declared unfit for combat duty and sent to the 118th general hospital, which was in Sydney and I spent 9 months there trying to get rid of the worms and the jungle rot and it took a long time to get that all out of my system. Finally I declared fit enough for duty again so I was sent to the rehabilitation center and then I assigned to the 799th Military Police and we were in charge of a stockade, that’s a prison for Americans not P.O.W.’s, for the “bad boys”, guys that went 32 �AWOL and deserted. We would keep them incarcerated and eventually send them back to the unit, except in the cases of the guys that were really bad and deserters, we would send them to Brisbane to a prison they call “The Round Mountain”, that was for the bad guys they intended to keep incarcerated until they sent them back to the states. 1:26 Interviewer: “Were there quite a few AWOL that came through over and over and did they tell you why they went AWOL?” The guys in the stockade? Well, they just got sick of the front line and took off from their unit, with AWOL’s their unit is usually close by and they run to town without a pass and stay there for a few nights and maybe find a girl that they live with for a couple of days and come back to the company again. Deserters had no intention of going back and we did get a few of those and they figured they would just get away from the war. We had a couple of them that we killed in the stockade, they tried to escape and we had several who tried to escape and we would always get them back, but 2 of them I remember were climbing the fence and they had tried it before and the 2 of them were shot in the back and killed climbing the fence. It was serious. 1:27 Interviewer: “Explain how you left Australia and came back to the U.S. Explain how that system came around. You talked some about rotation points” Right, you had to establish rotation points, how long you were gone from the states, how long you were overseas, you got double time for being in a combat area and I forgot, but you have to be up in 100 and some points when your name would come up for rotation. I know that guys were leaving that had less points than I did and I tried everything to get out of there and my commanding officer wouldn’t let me go. I was in charge of supply there and he kept telling me, “I got to have you as my Supply Sergeant”, and I said, “you 33 �could give this job to a trustee, he could do that job”, “No” he said. The stockades were subject to inspection and he said, “ I always get good inspections and you’re part of that” so, he held me a couple of months later. I even tried to—I even applied to go back to my unit that was island hopping at that time and he wouldn’t let me go. 1:28 He said, “You’re unfit for combat duty, you’re not going” but, that was a long wait and finally, I guess, probably in May, I was told OK, I could go. I had more than enough points to go back home and so they shipped me, I think by train, back to Brisbane and that’s where I picked up the boat to go back and strangely enough in 1942 when we came over, we came on the U.S.S. Lurline, which was a converted pleasure boat and I got the same boat back to San Francisco again and one of the nicest sights I’ve seen, that I can remember in my life, was seeing the Golden Gate Bridge, when we crossed under that bridge. In fact, when we left San Francisco I had heard that if you throw a penny under the Golden Gate Bridge it would be good luck. Well, I guess it was good luck because I didn’t find the penny back, but I knew it was down there and I did get back all in one piece. 1:30 Interviewer: “You said before that on the train back to Holland, they dropped soldiers off along the way and that you couldn’t come back together as I company.” No, we came back as individuals. You know that’s the thing that I was always disappointed in, that Company “D” couldn’t come back to Holland as what’s left of the unit and march down the street and come back to the armory. We came back single file and you would go into town or stop at the local pub and you would say, “Oh it’s so and so and he’s back” and that’s the way you congregated again, some of them, when they came back, were sent for R and R to Florida and spent some time on the beaches there, 34 �but I didn’t get to do that, I came back too late and I was discharged as soon as I got back to Chicago at the Great Lakes Training Center. 1:31 Interviewer: “You had a daughter born while you were on the trail. What was it like seeing her for the first time?” Well, my wife and I were married down in Louisiana, in the summer of 1941, before war was declared. She came down to Alexandria and we got married down there and when I left she was pregnant. We left in February or whenever it was, we went to Fort Devins first incidentally, so I didn’t—it was strange how I found out that I was a father. When we were walking over the Owen Stanley Mountains, on some dropping areas we would spend an extra day to rest up and at one of these spots the planes came over and dropped some supplies and they also dropped a bag of mail and in that mail there was a V-mail for me from my mother-in-law saying that I was the father of a baby girl, born on September 12 and as I recall, that was on my birthday, November 9, that I got that V-mail and my daughter still has that V-mail at home. That was really Airmail it really came by air. Then of course, going home, when I left the Great Lakes separation center in Chicago— my sister lived in Chicago, she was married to a doctor there, she drove me home, back to Holland and of course when I was in Chicago, I couldn’t wail to get into “civvies” so, I bought a shirt and a pair of slacks and I wore that home and when I got out of the car my wife and daughter were there and my daughter saw us getting out of the car and she got behind a big tree in the yard and she peeked around the tree and she said, “You’re not my soldier daddy” and that was a bad mistake, I should have worn my uniform home, but I was so anxious to get into civvies. 1:34 35 �Interviewer: “What did you do after you got home and got reacquainted with family? Did you find a job right away?” We did get some subsistence pay after we were discharges, not a heck of a lot, but I did find a job with a moving company, moving furniture, a local moving company, but I intended to go to school on the G.I. Bill and I always excelled in high school in math, math and gym were my 2 favorite subjects and so I always wanted to use math. I was going to go to Grand Rapids Junior College and take up accounting and just before I applied my dad told me, I had worked as a carpenter prior to the war on my dads construction crew, so my dad said, “Jim wants to talk to you Gordie”, he was my old boss and he started the lumber company up again, so I went over and talked to him and he said, “I’ve got a job for you” he said, “I want you to come here and draw plans” and I didn’t know how to draw plans, I know how to build a house, but he said, “you will learn, I’ve got a job for you and I want you to start working for me, you can go to the Chicago Technical College and take a 2 year course and take up drafting and the side course would be building and construction of course and you can learn as fast as you want in college”,so I started in September and my wife went along with me and she worked at the Baby Bliss manufacturing company putting baby carriages together while I went to school. I went to school during the day and studied all night and that was in September, in February I finished my 2 year course and graduated and went home and got home and my boss said, “Here’s your office”, so I started and that was a nice shortcut to a good job and it turned out very well. I stayed in the lumber and building business all my life. 1:36 36 �Interviewer: “When you got back to Holland and met up with some of the other people from your company who had been over there? What was that like to be back to normal and see them?” Well, we all had to touch base and tell our war stories, where we had been and what we had done because very few of us had been together, I had one person with me in Australia, one of my friends that worked with me, but we would gather often at the local watering hole, which happened to be the Pioneer Club and drink a beer or 2 and tell our war stories and pretty soon here another one would come along and say so and so got back, Joe got back and another big celebration again. That was before the end of the Japanese war, so some of our guys were still over there fighting, none of our original because most of them were casualties, either killed or wounded or taken off the line from illnesses, but they eventually all the survivors staggered back into Holland and until we all eventually landed a job where we could go our own way and settle down and some— most of them got married then and settled down and started to get into the real world. 1:38 Interviewer: “You don’t have to answer this one if you don’t want to, but can you name some of the people that were killed?” Sure, George Boersma, he was killed by a sniper, Bob Dannenberg, he was killed by a sniper, I was the platoon officer on the front line because we didn’t need Supply Sergeants on the front lines so I was a platoon officer and Sergeant Dannenberg was a platoon officer and Steve Fuller was a Platoon Sergeant, both of those guys were killed out of three platoons, I’m the only guy that survived out of the 3. I carried both off the front line, hauled their bodies back. Paul Hannigan, Henry Wiermeyer, I’m trying to 37 �think of the clippings that my wife kept in the book of mine, every time one of the local soldiers would get killed his picture would be in the paper and she would clip it out and put it in the photo album that she had. Sullivan, Jimmy Sullivan, those are the only ones that come to my mind right now. Robert John was another one. 1:40 Interviewer: “These were all people that you knew?” Yeah, we were all buddies. Interviewer: “How often does the Red Arrow meet?” Once a year we have a—Red Arrow Division, in September they have the annual reunion. We have one coming up next and it will be in Wisconsin. It alternates between Wisconsin and Michigan because that’s where the guards were from in the Red Arrow Division, Wisconsin and Michigan, so it’s usually after Labor Day they have a big reunion and it’s getting smaller right along because the guys are dropping off at the rate of 1,000 a day and 30,000 a month. I don’t know how they can be dying that fast because there are not that many left, in fact, out of original guys that left Holland in October 1940, in the National Guard and ultimately went to New Guinea, there are only 2 of us left, Bill Sikkel and I, we’re the last guys standing. 1:41 Interviewer: “Is there anything you would like to add before we end?” Well, I talk about Bill and I, the last time we had a get together with Company “D”, that summer I had gone to a couple of my buddies’ military funeral and I told the guys there, I said, “You know, I hope that none of you ever come to my funeral because that will mean that I’ll be the last one” and it’s coming to pass I guess. 1:42 38 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ZuverinkG1267V Title A name given to the resource Zuverink, Gordon (Interview transcript and video), 2011 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zuverink, Gordon Description An account of the resource Gordon Zuverink joined his local National Guard unit in Holland, Michigan, after graduating from high school in 1939. His unit was federalized in 1940 and sent to train in Louisiana. In 1942, his division was sent to Australia and then to New Guinea. Zuverink became one of the "Ghost Mountain Boys" who trekked across the Owen Stanley Mountains as part of the campaign against Buna. During the campaign, he contracted malaria and was sent back to Australia, where he served for the remainder of the war. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Vantil, Anita (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011-09-27 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d81bd398919ff832b2388b30876d38a7.mp4 4c1e042a9ea5c56e627da57689f64d58 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a8697ac29a10a01cf817bf65b585baa7.pdf a2968d281208ed7d05fa28d1d2bd5a74 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans’ History Project Brian Zwart Iraq War 2 hours 20 minutes 8 seconds (00:00:42) Early Life -Born in Grand Haven, Michigan on February 21, 1985 -Lived in Spring Lake, Michigan for a short amount of time -Moved to Nunica, Michigan -Eventually settled in Fruitport, Michigan and grew up there -Dad was a welder -Mom was a medical transcriptionist -Had two siblings -A twin sister and an older sister (00:01:22) September 11, 2001 -He was a junior in high school when the 9/11 Attacks happened -He remembers being in third period going to his computer class -Saw live news feed on the TV -Originally thought that it was just a terrible mistake -Seeing the second plane hit the other tower in real time drove home that it was an attack -Remembers going outside and looking at the sky and not seeing any airplanes (00:04:01) Enlisting in the Marines -Parents had gotten divorced and he wanted a sense of direction -Neighbor of his was a Marine -Eventually became a major influence and motivator for him to join the Marines -From fourth of fifth grade on he wanted to be a Marine -Wanted to go into Force Recon, or an equally elite part of the Marines -He was already talking to a recruiter when 9/11 happened -Entered into the delayed-entry program in June 2002 -After he turned eighteen and graduated high school he’d be in the Marines -Went through physical and mental preparation prior to entering boot camp -Learned general orders, code of conduct, history, etc. -Minimal rifle training -Leadership skills building -Took the Initial Strength Test (IST) before going into boot camp -Made sure that he could do enough pull ups, sit ups, and had good endurance -By time he shipped out for basic he was already running 50-60 miles/week (00:09:10) Basic Training-Arrival -Sent to San Diego, California out of Lansing, Michigan -In Lansing filled out the formal paperwork -Took the Oath of Office and Oath of Affirmation for the military -Flying out of Lansing was his first time on an airplane -Had a changeover onto a larger jet in Chicago -Went to the USO building in San Diego �-Greeted by a drill sergeant there -First real taste of Marine regimen and discipline -Taken to the training depot by bus -Late at night (to deprive the new recruits of sleep) -Not allowed to look out the windows of the bus until they were told they were allowed (00:11:21) Basic Training-Introduction -First thing taught is how to properly stand at attention -Drill sergeants immediately began to berate the new recruits -It was a matter of establishing who was in charge of whom -Kept up the entire first night with basic preliminary work -Getting haircuts -Getting supplies and training uniforms -Filling out more paperwork -The entire reception process took about a week -Focused on getting the recruits immersed and prepared for Marine living (00:13:59) Basic Training-Other Recruits -On “Black Friday” (at the end of reception week) assigned to training platoon -Met the drill sergeants that you would be working with -People you would be training with for the next twelve weeks -Started off with one hundred people -By the end of boot camp they were down to less than eighty recruits -People dropped out for various reasons -Failing drug tests, failure to assimilate, failing physical and mental tests -High amount of inner city kids in his boot camp most of them just graduated from high school -A few older recruits (older than eighteen/nineteen but younger than twenty seven) -Had one older recruit that kept getting recycled -Wanted to be a Marine but couldn’t pass the pull up test (00:18:47) Basic Training-First Phase -First phase of basic training was at San Diego -Basic physical training and introductory classes -Running, more on the code of conduct, history of the Marines, first aid -Discipline training -Large amount of conditioning on following orders -Lasted about one month (00:22:21) Basic Training-Second Phase -Second phase of basic training was at Camp Pendleton, California -North of San Diego -Largest Marine Corps installation in terms of troop strength -Second phase consisted mostly of firearms training -Learned how to properly acquire a target and fire your rifle -Had rifle qualification test at Camp Pendleton -Wanted to have expert marksman qualification -After an unfortunate accident on the day of testing he missed “expert” by one shot -Still qualified as a sharpshooter though -Had physical training every day -Taught about how to do “field physical training” �-Trained with hiking with a fully loaded backpack on -Trained with CS gas (tear gas) in a gas chamber -Had to be exposed to the gas and then put your gas mask on when you were told to -Finished with the Crucible -Extreme mental and physical exercises for three days -Reaper Hike: difficult uphill hike with full pack and a rifle -After the Crucible you were almost considered a Marine (00:35:26) Basic Training-Third Phase -Third phase of basic training was back at San Diego -Final drills -Final tests -Battalion commander comes in and inspects the entire training group -Took about three hours -Had to stand at attention in the hot sun for the entire time -Last classes -Turned gear back in -Practiced for graduation -Finer details of the ceremony -Getting fitted for dress uniform -Drill instructors relaxed during third phase and began to see recruits as closer to being equals -After graduation you received ten days leave (00:37:49) School of Infantry -After leave reported to your MOS (military occupation specialty) school -His was the School of Infantry at Camp Pendleton, California -Non-infantry Marines received Marine Combat Training -School of Infantry lasted six to eight weeks -Spent a large amount of time in the field doing hands on training -Offensive and defensive maneuvers -Trained with SAWs (squad automatic weapons), grenades, AT4 rocket launchers -At the end of the School of Infantry he received his infantry specialty -0311 Rifleman -Stayed for an extra month to qualify as an LAV crewman (MOS 0313) -LAV (light armored vehicle): similar to a tank, lighter armor, fast attack, reconnaissance -Learned how to drive an LAV, use the turret, and do basic maintenance on one (00:41:58) First Deployment to Iraq-Arrival -After he completed the School of Infantry he was assigned to his unit -1st Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion of the 1st Marine Division, Camp Pendleton -Stayed in California for two weeks preparing to be sent over -Only had two weeks to catch up with the rest of the unit -The rest of the unit had been preparing for about six months -Had some veterans from the initial invasion of Iraq in his unit -February 21, 2004 departed on a commercial airliner for Iraq -Allowed to go up into the cockpit and talk with the pilots -Saw the Northern Lights at 30,000 feet -Had a short layover in Prague, Czech Republic -Landed in Kuwait late at night �-Extremely hot air was the first thing that greeted him -He was one of the new guys so he had to unload the plane -Stayed in Kuwait for two weeks -Everyone got sick adjusting to the climate -Received additional training in Kuwait -Checkpoint training, patrolling, and basic language courses (00:48:09) First Deployment to Iraq-Moving into Iraq -March 7, 2004 he was promoted to lance corporal -March 8, 2004 his unit joined a larger convoy to move north from Kuwait into Iraq -Fear and excitement even among the veterans -Remembers hearing someone playing the “Top Gun” theme on a harmonica -March 9, 2004 at 5 AM the convoy began to move into Iraq -Part of Operation Enduring Freedom 2 (OEF 1 was the invasion of Iraq) -Condition 1 Weapons (ready to fire, but with the safety on) -Had to drive across Iraq towards the northwest corner of the country -Destination was Al Qa’im, Anbar Province (on the Syrian border) -Took three days to travel across the country -Quiet in terms of enemy contact or incidents involving the enemy -Had to rely on night vision and thermal vision to drive -No headlights allowed at night -Led to one LAV going off the road and winding up in a ditch -Held up the convoy for four hours (00:53:30) First Deployment to Iraq-Al Qa’im -Stationed in Al Qa’im of the Anbar Province -Base of operations was an abandoned train station -Fortified it and cleaned it up -When they arrived Al Qa’im was still a small forward operating base -First days there consisted of getting their weapons and vehicles prepared -Also insuring that their LAVs were still in good working order after the trip -Stationed on the Syrian border to intercept Insurgents coming over from Syria -His unit patrolled the heavily traveled areas on the border -Patrolled stretches of the border looking for signs of activity -Stationed there for eight months (00:56:26) First Deployment to Iraq-Enemy Contact Pt. 1 -Large amount of indirect enemy contact -IEDs (improvised explosive devices) were a prominent threat -Insurgents knew how to exploit weaknesses of US Forces -IEDs became sophisticated over time -They focused on staying off the road to avoid IEDs and landmines -LAVs were highly susceptible to anti-tank mines -July 20, 2004 at 4:30 AM he ran over an anti-personnel mine -Only took off the front tire of his LAV -In April they had already made direct contact with the Insurgents -Platoon had their first Marine killed in action -Losing a soldier made the war real and serious -Went to Fallujah to help prevent people from entering, or leaving, the city �(01:02:02) First Deployment to Iraq-Enemy Contact Pt. 2 -August 6, 2004 an IED went off extremely close to his LAV -Suffered minor wounds and moderate vehicular damage -After Fallujah and the incident on August 6 the conflict escalated dramatically -Lost nine vehicles and two Marines in one day -They were killed from a direct hit to their LAV -Became difficult to patrol their area after losing a third of their LAVs -Had to cover an area roughly the size of West Virginia -Never made actual contact with the Insurgents -He wishes that they could have had direct combat with the enemy -IEDs forced them and their commanders to reevaluate the tactics that they were using (01:09:05) First Deployment to Iraq-Relationship with Iraqis -Detained a large amount of military age Iraqi males -Participated in humanitarian missions -Building schools and distributing soccer balls to local children -Parents brainwashed their children into hating Americans as they got older -Little kids were extremely friendly towards American troops though -Major cultural differences made their work difficult -Tried to have good, light-hearted interactions with civilians -Middle aged and older civilians welcomed the American presence -Young men were the primary threat -Village elders provided U.S. forces with a tremendous source of intelligence -Iraqi police were relaxed and noncommittal -Not good for combat or patrols -Apathetic towards the conflict at hand (01:15:41) First Deployment to Iraq-Conditions -First tour consisted of a large amount of field work -When they were on base they strived to get hot food and call home -Also made sure to resupply and maintain their weapons and vehicles -Insurgents would target Iraqis that helped the Americans -Caused problems for basic maintenance on bases -For example: when their sewage workers were killed toilets overflowed -Iraqi weather made weapons useless if not constantly cleaned -Weather had no major effect on vehicles though -Heard very little information regarding how the larger war was going -Primarily focused on whether or not their area was improving -When they got a TV on base they had access to more current news (01:21:04) First Deployment to Iraq-Going Home Pt. 1 -New unit came in and his unit introduced them to the area -Showed important parts of the Anbar Province -Explained the current situation -Turned over control of the region to the new unit -His unit went to the Al-Assad Air Base in Anbar Province -Getting ready to go home when they were told they would have to go back to Fallujah -Told they would have to go to the city to provide support -At the last minute that deployment was cancelled �-Al-Assad Air Base was still unsecured -Subject to rocket and mortar harassment -From Al-Assad they flew to Kuwait (01:24:40) First Deployment to Iraq-Weapons Cache Duties -He once got charged with emptying a weapons cache near the Euphrates River -Soviet era weaponry and unstable explosives -Also found a buried refrigerator next to the Euphrates River filled with AK47 machine gun clips -He and a friend made a game involving throwing the magazines into the nearby river (01:27:07) First Deployment to Iraq-Morale -Very poor morale in the unit prior to leaving -Thinking that they would have to fight in the Second Battle of Fallujah crippled morale -Extremely poor morale while stationed outside of Fallujah -Under constant threat of ambush or rocket attack -Morale soared upon going home -Worked well together while in the field -Conditions were horrible, but they made do with what they had -Always tried to find ways to lighten the mood -Watched pirated movies bought from Iraqis during their downtime (01:31:06) First Deployment to Iraq-Going Home Pt. 2/Stationed at 29 Palms -Flew out of Kuwait towards March Air Force Base, California -Made a brief stop in Germany -Allowed to buy some German beer while there -Airline was very supportive -Given two weeks of post-deployment leave -Got married to his girlfriend on Friday October 22, 2004 -Bought a 2000 Chevy Impala -Following Tuesday he and his wife drove from Michigan to California -They were given base housing -Lived together in California for eleven months -Wife moved back to Michigan during his second deployment -He went to 29 Palms Marine Base, California for further training -Didn’t know at the time his unit would have to go back to Iraq -He was selected to be a part of a unit that would protect General Huck -Now in 2nd Marine Division (01:35:30) Second Deployment to Iraq-Protecting General Huck -Left for his second tour in August 2005 -Same process as first tour -He and his unit were relieving the 2nd Light Armored Recon Battalion -Got stationed at Blue Diamond, Ramadi, Anbar Province -Assumed the position of gunner on an LAV -Provided security for General Huck -Traveled with him at all time s -Primary duty was to keep the general alive -Job lasted for a month -Relatively safe and enjoyable position -Able to enjoy steak and lobster every Friday night at Blue Diamond �(01:40:35) Second Deployment to Iraq-Protecting Colonel Davis -After being at Blue Diamond he and his unit were sent to Al-Assad Air Base -Primary duty was to protect Colonel Davis -Joined Regimental Combat Marines 2 in Al-Assad Air Base -Conducted major operations in that area -Worked with Marine Reservists -Colonel Davis was a commander that genuinely cared about his Marines -Always wanted to go where his Marines were stationed -Even during combat operations -Once had to escort him to Husaybah that was being attacked by the Marines (01:43:14) Second Deployment to Iraq-Enemy Contact -During his second deployment he was able to stay out of a majority of combat operations -IEDs were still a primary threat -Knowledge of how to deal with them had improved though -On the outskirts of Husaybah a Humvee was destroyed -Driver was critically injured and evacuated quickly by helicopter -Gunner suffered a severe head injury -Still had very little information coming in in terms of the war’s progress -Knew of safe areas and the Green Zone around Baghdad -Knew that enemy activity was starting to subside (01:46:37) Second Deployment to Iraq-Conditions -Living conditions had markedly improved since the first tour -Able to sleep in actual beds in climate controlled buildings -Had access to news -Returned to Al Qa’im and it was totally refurbished -Surgical hospital with a large helipad -New mess hall -Better food and better supplies -Iraqi attitude hadn’t changed much at all -They either loved, or hated, the Americans -Second deployment was much easier -Being around high ranking officers meant a high level of safety -His particular unit never took any losses (01:51:40) Second Deployment to Iraq-Going Home -Got home in March 2006 -He was able to fly out of Al-Assad Air Base because it had grown in size -While there he had been able to spend Christmas Eve with his cousin -Flew out on a C-130 -They took off at an almost 90o angle to avoid missiles -Almost puked in his lap because of the amount of G-force during takeoff (01:54:40) Second Deployment to Iraq-Personal Communication -They had established a very good internet and telecommunications network -Able to check email, get mail, and use a webcam on a regular basis -Led to having a good amount of contact with his wife -It was a completely different situation than the first tour �-Still felt strange to be away during major personal events -Weddings, deaths, emergencies, birthdays, holidays, etc. -Realized that the news was not helpful for the families back home -Couldn’t let his family know that he was safe in real time (01:57:01) Returning Home and Working at 29 Palms -Returned home in March 2006 -Got promoted to the rank of sergeant -Asked if he wanted to extend his enlistment for another deployment -Turned it down because he wanted to go back to Michigan and start a family -Helped train new soldiers on the LAV -Worked in the field as an instructor at 29 Palms Marine Base, California -Taught a class on how to deal with IEDs -Last few months of his enlistment were relaxed -Over 60% of his old unit was replacement soldiers -High amount of inexperienced soldiers influenced him not to reenlist -He was tough on the new gunners to prepare them for combat in Iraq -Wanted them ready to deal with the reality of the war -Took live fire training extremely seriously -He was even able to reprimand superior officers when necessary (02:07:10) Leaving the Marines -Formally discharged in June 2007 -He had saved up leave days so that he could take “terminal leave” -Meant that his leave would go past his discharge date -By the beginning of April 2007 he was effectively done with his service in the Marines -He and his wife took a road trip and cruise through the Southern and Eastern U.S. -Had to return to Michigan from Georgia because of car transmission issues (02:08:38) Life after the Marines -Got a job through an old neighbor’s excavation company -Helped him to get reestablished in the civilian world -Got a job through the U.S. Postal Service -Worked as a letter carrier for three years -Started taking classes at Muskegon Community College -Quit the USPS and became a full time student -Eventually went from MCC to Grand Valley State University -Student there with a major in history and a minor in archaeology -Wants to return to Fruitport, Michigan to open a local historical museum -Wife stays home and raises their two children (02:11:20) Adjusting to Civilian Life -Veterans’ Administration has worked well with him -Provided him with GI Bill college benefits and healthcare benefits for wounds -Didn’t have any difficulty going back to being a civilian -Last year of service at 29 Palms was a good transition period -Able to be a Marine, but live with wife and go off base to relax -In Kuwait he and other returning soldiers went through reintegration classes -Taught how to go back to being civilian and readjusting to life -Feels that the military did a far better job with that than they did in Vietnam �-Has suffered some complications from concussive head injuries sustained in Iraq -Has tried to stay in shape even after leaving the Marines (02:16:34) Reflections on Service -Had a profound impact on his life -Made him into a loyal patriot and American -Taught him key life values and established a tangible meaning for them -Perseverance, integrity, honor, courage, and commitment -Allowed him to mature and become a functioning adult -Learned that in the real world experience can be far more important than rank and age -Service made him become an experience and adult member of society � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ZwartB1481V Title A name given to the resource Zwart, Brian (Interview outline and video), 2013 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zwart, Brian Description An account of the resource Brian Zwart was born on in 1985 in Grand Haven, Michigan, and grew up in that area. He enlisted in the Marine Corps in 2002, trained at San Diego and Camp Pendleton, and became a Light Armored Vehicle crewman in the 1st Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion of the 1st Marine Division, and deployed with them to Iraq in 2004. He spent his tour in Anbar Province, primarily trying to guard the frontier against insurgents. He returned for a second tour in 2005, this time providing security for different commanders in Anbar Province, and was discharged in 2007. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) WKTV (Wyoming, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Iraq War, 2003-2011--Personal narratives, American United States. Marine Corps Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013-03-07 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ac7521d7917840d0b1e0805b3780f016.m4v 735911666036a39137b6939a626f45f2 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/600508edbf89ee33cdde6f05357898be.pdf bfdeb6fa6df206ef75d6ffa4b152bd2c PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans' History Project David Zylstra World War II 1 hour 44 minutes 40 seconds (00:00:09) Early Life -Born in Grand Rapids, Michigan in 1924 -Has lived in Grand Rapids all his life -Attended West Side Christian High School -After graduating attended Calvin College (prior to service), Brooklyn College (during service), and the University of Michigan (after the service) -He had seven siblings -Father had a sheet metal shop in their backyard -House and shop were located at 1233 Muskegon Ave, Grand Rapids -Got through the Great Depression without much trouble -Father had come to the United States in 1890 at the age of four -Started working in a furniture factory in Grand Rapids when he was twelve (00:02:12) Start of the War -Before Pearl Harbor knew that Congress was split about direct intervention in the war -Knew that the United States was giving supplies to the British and Soviets -On December 7, 1941 the public opinion of the war changed dramatically -Everyone came together with a common purpose -Knew about the fighting happening in Europe -Saw that Hitler was rapidly conquering countries in Europe -Wondered if Germany would try to invade America -Fear that the Nazis were going to take over the world -Remembers coming out church on December 7 and his cousin running up to him -Told David that the Japanese had attacked Pearl Harbor -Went back home and listened to the news on the radio -Knew when he was fifteen (1939/1940) the U.S. would probably get involved -And he'd have to fight in the coming war -War bonds were being advertised -Father bought some -Some people started Victory Gardens -Rationing went into effect -Meat, gasoline, sugar, coffee, and chocolate -There was some black market activity in Grand Rapids -Knew a man that had slaughterhouse and he was probably involved in smuggling (00:08:19) Getting Drafted -Graduated from high school in 1942 and went to Calvin College -All of the young men at Calvin knew that they would eventually be drafted -Had a deferment because he was a student �-It was a strange feeling being deferred -Considered enlisting -Remembers recruiting stations with lines of young men out the door -Had a brother enlist in the Army Air Force -Decided to just wait to get drafted -Got drafted in August 1943 -Reported to Fort Custer, Michigan for processing (00:10:36) Basic Training & Army Specialized Training Program -Sent to the Infantry School at Fort Benning, Georgia -Knew some men at Fort Benning that had gone to Calvin College with him -Got approved for the Army Specialized Training Program (ASTP) before basic training -Received 17 weeks of basic training -The ASTP sent soldiers to college for engineering, medical, and linguistics training -He was assigned to the ASTP engineering program at Brooklyn College -Took a troop train from Fort Custer to Fort Benning -Took a couple days to go from Michigan to Georgia -People always waved at them as they went south -Civilians gave overwhelming support to the troops -The sergeants were tough and expected obedience from recruits -It was good training -Had to do 15 mile marches in one day with only one canteen full of water -Not allowed to stop for water -Good discipline -If you resisted, you were punished with extra Kitchen Patrol (KP) duty -Learned to never volunteer -Asked by a sergeant if any of the recruits drove a Buick -He and a few other men raised their hands -Brought around to the back of a building where there were wheelbarrows -Each one had "BUICK" written on the side -He had some difficulty with adjusting to the Army -Some men would go out on Saturday nights, drink, then come back and hassle the other recruits -He and the other recruits got sick of it, so they took action -Removed the light fuses and put their footlockers in the middle of the floor -After that the drunks never bothered them again -All men in his section were going to ASTP after basic training -Sent to Brooklyn College in January 1944 -Stayed at Brooklyn College one term then the program was shut down -Had regular engineering courses with professors -After the program was cancelled he became an infantry replacement -Assigned to the 75th Infantry Division when they were on maneuvers -Had weekends off while at Brooklyn College -Explored New York City -Had mathematics and physics classes (00:23:27) Assignment to the 75th Infantry Division �-Joined M Company, 291st Infantry Regiment, of the 75th Infantry Division -M Company was a heavy weapons company -Had water cooled machine guns and heavy mortars -Attached to line companies that were on the attack -His duty was as a gunner -Didn't know where they were headed after maneuvers on the border of Texas and Louisiana -Had rain for three weeks -Split into red and blue teams -Red team was the "enemy" -Got a shipment of bad ham and everyone in M Company got food poisoning -The maneuvers took place in swampland -Had to watch for ticks and snakes -Slept outside in tents -Maneuvers lasted ten weeks -He got there the second week of maneuvers -Received heavy weapons training -Had to learn how to shoot the machine guns and mortars -Had to crawl under barbed wire for 100 yards while a machine gun fired over him -One man got wounded by friendly fire during maneuvers -Sent to Camp Breckenridge, Kentucky for further training -Some of the men in his unit were welcoming and friendly and he respected them -Other men were abrasive and hostile toward the replacements -Stayed at Camp Breckenridge for two, or three, months (00:31:04) Deployment to the European Theatre -Got to go home for a week -He was engaged at the time -Planned on meeting his fiancee in Chicago while stationed in Kentucky -Got delayed due to a visiting general -Finally got to Chicago at 5AM -Went to Camp Kilmer, New Jersey and sailed out on the USAT Edmund B. Alexander -Sailed with twenty one other ships in a convoy -Took ten, or eleven days to reach Europe -Ran into bad weather and a lot of the men got seasick -Had a destroyer escort following them -U-Boats tried to attack the convoy, but were driven away by the destroyer (00:35:37) Arrival in the United Kingdom -Arrived at Swansea, Wales -Received extra training -Got to the United Kingdom on November 2, 1944 -Went on patrols and went into town on the weekends -Went on five, to ten, mile marches -Got to meet and talk with some English civilians (00:37:28) Arrival in France -Received new weapons and got the larger weapons to go overseas -Knew then that they were going to mainland Europe and into combat �-Boarded a British ship and sailed across the English Channel to Le Havre, France -Division landed in France on December 13, 1944 -Harbor was clogged with sunken ships so they had to take a landing craft to shore -It rained nonstop for three days when they arrived -Saw French civilians in the countryside -Learned quickly that the French would urinate on the side of the road -Got to go into Paris -Learned that the French had places called pissoirs (00:39:25) Advance into Belgium & Battle of the Bulge -Moved across France on 40 & 8 box cars -Train only moved 20 to 25 miles per hour -Destination was Belgium -Stopped along the way -French were always friendly and gracious of the American presence -Gave the civilians candy and cigarettes -Heard artillery being fired the closer they got to Belgium -When they arrived in Belgium they arrived next to 155mm howitzer positions -Remembers when they fired it was like lightning striking right next to them -Knew they were going to go into combat -Went to Manhay, Belgium to relieve the 106th Infantry Division -Furthest point of the German advance -106th had suffered heavy losses and numerous men had been captured -Ordered to hold Manhay at all costs -Got heavily shelled the first night there -Germans were only 1000 to 1500 feet away from Manhay -Shelling lasted for an hour -Ground was frozen so they could only dig down six inches -Germans used shells that exploded at tree level producing more shrapnel -The front line near Manhay was incredibly thin -Stayed there for a few days -Moved to a spa town in Belgium (probably Spa itself) -Stayed in a Belgian man's home -Very hospitable and told them he had fought in the Belgian Underground -Had to move from town to town liberating each one from German rule (00:48:35) Fighting in the Ruhr Pocket & Advancing into Germany Pt. 1 -Liberated the suburbs of Essen and Dortmund in Germany -Met stiffer resistance once they got into Germany -Even German children were throwing rocks at them -German soldiers dressed in American uniforms infiltrated their ranks -Wreaked havoc on the supply lines by misdirecting traffic -Didn't move at night unless they absolutely had to -Sent out patrols to capture German soldiers -His job was to carry a radio and go with the forward observer to direct mortar fire -This placed him directly on the frontline and in immediate danger -Moved on to attack a suburb of Dortmund with L Company �-Germans were lying in wait in the rail yard and ambushed them with machine guns -He stayed calm during the attack then ran for cover while still taking fire -Even with the presence of American tanks the Germans held their position -Lost two tanks to well placed hand grenades -Advanced to attack a hill near the suburb -Germans fired indiscriminately killing American troops and civilians -Had to go house to house to neutralize snipers -In the cellar of one house found a group of 30 elderly German civilians in hiding -Germans would deal as much damage as they could then retreat -Went up against the German Tiger tanks -Tiger tanks had thicker armor and more powerful guns than American tanks -Captured an aluminum factory along with several thousand workers -Captured the town of Orsoy on the Rhine River (00:59:15) Interactions with Civilians and Prisoners of War -German civilians tended to retreat before American forces arrived -They would politely evacuate any German civilians that had stayed behind -Had German prisoners of war working in places like Camp Brooklyn and Camp New York -Camps used to send GIs home, confine German POWs, and process freed Allied POWs (01:01:20) End of the War in Europe Pt. 1 -In Westphalia, Germany when Germany surrendered -Had to wait for the Russians to reach the Elbe River before they advanced further -Had to deal with hundreds, if not thousands of displaced persons (DPs) after the war -Many of them were trying to get home to their respective countries -Fed a lot of them -Eventually had to stop DPs from traveling because they clogged the highways -Helped an elderly Polish man and two younger Poles get ready to go home -Had to travel from western Germany to Poland with a horse and wagon -Gave them supplies and a sign that said, "Poland, or Bust!" -At the aluminum factory in Dortmund there were thousands of Polish slave laborers -Found an old mansion and surrounded it -Without firing a shot sixteen German soldiers came out and surrendered -Oldest of the group was sixty years old -Still has a Mauser pistol from that encounter -Found a beautiful Prussian uniform in the mansion -Near the end of the war when they captured the mansion -Thinks that the German soldiers were glad to be taken prisoner (01:09:41) Medic Friend -Had a friend in the Army that was a medic -Remembers one night they were writing letters together �-Medic was called to help a wounded soldier -Didn't receive a bronze star because he already had one from a previous act -In France there were wounded American soldiers, trapped in a town -Put Red Cross arm bands on German POWs -Sent them into the town to retrieve the American soldiers (01:11:35) Christmas 1944 -Spent Christmas 1944 in Belgium -One soldier played a pipe organ and they sang Christmas carols with a Belgian family -On Christmas Eve he watched 22 planes get shot down and only three parachutes emerged -Watched dogfights take place between American planes and German planes (01:13:38) Chaplain -Remembers gathering in a barn before an attack -Chaplain addressed the men, told them with blunt honesty not all of them would survive -Turned out to be right, because the next day there were fewer men (01:14:34) Back Injury -En route to Trois-Ponts, Belgium in a convoy -His vehicle hit a crater in the road sending him and a few other men flying -A 200 pound soldier landed on top of him -Thought that he broke his back -Got a ride to a nearby town where a division was staying -Next day got a ride to a field hospital, then from there to a hospital in Paris -Placed in a bed next to a recently freed American prisoner of war with tuberculosis -David still tests positive for TB 70 years later -Man died the next day -After his hospital stay in Paris he was sent to Etampes, France for rehabilitation (01:17:39) Fighting in the Netherlands -After recovering from his injury he rejoined the 75th in Neer, Netherlands -Could see German soldiers across the Maas River -Saw a German soldier going into a house and fired three mortars at the house -After that the soldier did not emerge -Spent most of February 1945 in the Netherlands (01:19:10) Fighting in the Ruhr Pocket & Advancing into Germany Pt. 2 -Pushed into the Ruhr Pocket in March 1945 -Germans were so desperate they were using horses to pull 88mm artillery guns -If a horse was killed, German civilians would go out and scavenge the meat (01:20:01) Seeing Prime Minister Churchill and General Montgomery -In the Netherlands when he saw Prime Minister Churchill and General Montgomery -Had linked up with British forces -Heard sirens and saw motorcycles coming down the road �-Saw Churchill in his car, with a cigar, giving the V for Victory sign (01:21:17) End of the War in Europe Pt. 2 & Occupation Duties -In a town in Westphalia, Germany when the war ended -German soldiers were happy that the war was over -German troops were replacing their uniforms with civilian clothing to escape getting captured -Contracted hepatitis after the war was over -Had a fever of 102ºF and got sent back to a hospital in Paris to recover -Spent three weeks there -Had to stay in Europe for nine more months after the war to get enough points -Stationed in the Information & Education Office at Camp New York in France -Working with an Army established university network in England and France -Specifically with the Biarritz American University in Biarritz, France -A man tried to recruit him to help sell a damaged jeep to some Frenchmen -David turned it down -A jeep was stolen every day in Paris -French wanted the jeeps after the war, and eventually they were legally sold -Knew that there was a huge black market for cigarettes in France -There was very open prostitution in Paris -A woman set up a pup tent and charged only 300 Francs per customer (about $4) -Trying to provide a living for her daughter -Got 15 college credits at the American University in Biarritz, France -Beautiful town on the Spanish border -Gave local children candy and oranges -Gave civilians any spare food -Stayed there for six months -He played the trombone in the university band -Had a university newspaper (01:33:10) End of Service & Coming Home -In Camp New York when he received word that he could go home -Shipped his Mauser home to avoid it getting stolen -Got discharged on March 10, 1946 at Camp Atterbury, Indiana -Given $300 by the Army and hitchhiked back to Grand Rapids, Michigan -Took a ship back to the United States from France -Took five days to get back to the U.S. and didn't run into any storms -Wanted to kiss the ground when he got home, but there were too many GIs (01:36:40) Life after the War -Prepared to get married upon coming home -Had been dating for three years -Got married on June 1946 -Enrolled in the University of Michigan -Attended the extension school in Grand Rapids -Went to the Ann Arbor, Michigan campus for one year -Got a Bachelor's Degree in Business Administration �-During the war became friends with a man from Grand Rapids named Robert Dice -Robert Dice was captured by Germans in Colmar -Ran into each other at the University of Michigan and became friends -David got a job at American Seating Company in Grand Rapids -Robert got a job with the Hartford Insurance Company as an adjuster -After a year and a half got David a job at Hartford as an adjuster (01:42:17) Reflections on Service -Matured a lot during his time in the Army -Realized how prevalent racism still was among the Southern soldiers -Appalled by how the Southerners considered the black soldiers to be subhuman -Shocking coming from a Northern, egalitarian atmosphere -Learned a lot about life -It was a wonderful experience -Believes that there are better ways to learn about life than through war � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_ZylstraD1785V Title A name given to the resource Zylstra, David B (Interview outline and video), 2015 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-06-24 Description An account of the resource David Zylstra was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan in 1924. In August 1943 he received his draft notice. He was processed at Fort Custer, Michigan and accepted into the Army Specialized Training Program. He received basic training at Fort Benning, Georgia and then went to Brooklyn College, New York for the ASTP engineering course. When the ASTP was cancelled he was sent to join the 75th Infantry Division on their maneuvres in Texas and Louisiana in spring 1944. He was assigned to M Company of the 291st Infantry Regiment and received heavy weapons training. The division left the United States in fall 1944 and arrived at Swansea, Wales on November 2, 1944. In December 1944 the 75th went to France and arrived at Le Havre on December 13, 1944. David saw action in Belgium during the Battle of the Bulge, in the Netherlands, and in the Ruhr Pocket during the advance into Germany in spring 1945. At the end of the war he was in Westphalia, Germany and Camp New York, France helping with the processing of GIs, German prisoners of war, and the Information and Education Office for the American Universities in England and France. He also attended the American University in Biarritz, France. He returned to the United States after nine months of occupation duty and got discharged on March 10, 1946 at Camp Atterbury, Indiana. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zylstra, David B. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Moving Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/x-m4v application/pdf https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ab5cea4db83415fdcd961535ac6e1afe.mp4 01769639623911d2e67ec72d5d6b5f5b https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/16c7cad0c24018c5b71f978db646c617.pdf 66d0cea74e64f3be9db237b93830019e PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veteran History Project George T. Zysk (00:44:57) Background • Born in Grand Haven Michigan • June 20 1916 • Joined the Red Arrow Division 1934 (2:10)Battle of the Coral Sea • Sunk the Japanese Navy • Started at Midway-Japanese sunk Yorktown aircraft carrier (4:00)Enlisted in the National Guard • Camp Grayling • George made orderly • (5:00) Tried out for the Soldier of the Year award • 1939 was in the CCC’s-built Camp Germfask 96000 acres?-last camp torn down at the end of the war-Conscientious Objectors • George was a carpenter at Camp Germfask *George was alerted about the attack on Pearl Harbor when he was on the West Coast. Possible attacks on the Coast was expected *Colonel Chennault-George talks about him-Flying Tigers (9:30) Company F • Went to Louisiana Texas before Pearl Harbor • George was training recruits Owens Stanley Mountains • (12:00) Buda Missions • George was a Staff Sergeant • Worked with the whole 2nd Army • (14:00) 2 Marines-shot while sleeping • Asked if he wanted R&R-he said he wasn’t tired and now we are winning • Malaria • George had stokes in 89 and 90-catscan in Muskegon-cured Malaria (17:00)Battle of the Coral Sea • George watched them sink the Japanese army �• • • Says they were getting hit hard by the Axis Came back on a Liberty ship-can’t remember name Mad he was kept with the engineers till the end-right before they left for the States (20:20)Battle of Tacloban [Philippines] • Oxygen tanks on board-blew up by Kamikaze fighter • Lost 89 guys• Convoy heading to Tacloban • (24:00)MacArthur-‘I have returned’-little respect for him • Bataan Death March-left Skinny Wainwright behind • Truman wouldn’t let MacArthur get them over the Yalu River [Korean War] (27:30) Back in the States • Quit Legion because they closed bar down at 12:30 instead of 2:30 • George is very appreciative of the men that came home and the home he came home to • (30:40)Family put him out-spent $9000 on a home • Married 55 years-divorced • (33:00)Old Burn Manufacturing Company (AP Auto Parts) worked for (34:00) After The Service • George is not bitter about things • He feels he had a great impact on life today • (35:50) George sings ‘God Bless America’ • George sings ‘National Anthem’ • George sings ‘You made me love you’ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ZyskG Title A name given to the resource Zysk, George (Interview outline and video), 2007 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zysk, George Description An account of the resource George Zysk served in the 126th Infantry Regiment, 32nd (Red Arrow) Infantry Division on New Guinea and in the Philippines during WW II fighter. In the Philippines, he was on board a ship that was hit by a kamikaze. He speaks critically of Gen. MacArthur but highly of the men he served with. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) Video recordings United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans United States. Army World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-06-29 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c95027fe3bd58288e97c6dd1ea2d8bb5.pdf c474dd712946dcf2432cf3a09af47630 PDF Text Text . I N D I A N P O H - \i.' 0 V :,:. ... t I f JUNE 25, 26, 27, 1971 NORTHPORT, MICHIGAN TRIBAL DANCES FOOT RACES TRIBAL CEREMONIES CANOE RACES PRINCESS DANCING OUTDOOR CONTEST DANCING VENSION ROAST HORSEBACK RIDING REPLICA INDIAN VILLAGE CASH PRIZES & TROPHIES ARTS & CRAFTS PARADE BEAUTIFUL OUTDOOR SETTING f,T G. MARSTEN DAME MARINA BRING YOUR TEEPEE AND JOIN OUR FESTIVITIES EVERYONE VELCOME ! ! ! � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_all-indian-pow-wow_1971-06 Title A name given to the resource All Indian Pow-Wow, June 1971 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971-06 Description An account of the resource All Indian Pow-Wow flyer, Northport MI, June 25-27, 1971, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1ae125977ef5b444dea0c5a134054e94.pdf 5fd05ee6eee4e8e13b1cf432250ab230 PDF Text Text Authentic Indian Ceremonial Petoskey Fair Grounds SEPT. 4th & 5th AT 2:00 p.m. & 8:00 p.m. Admission: Adults - $1.00 Kids - so~ Indian Arts & Crafts for sale SHOWS PERFORMED BY Red Arrow & Family and Mt. Pleasant Indians � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_authentic-indian-ceremonial_ Title A name given to the resource Authentic Indian Ceremonial, September ???? Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ????-09 Description An account of the resource Authentic Indian Ceremonial flyer, Petoskey MI, September 4-5, ????, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/07da50181cc658e5b8b4bcf8449811ec.pdf 306d79068bb42f014939fb42553b486d PDF Text Text r--- A-11i5ln<L ""~ Wl. 11ih wJ. otl1 .9.J ""'" ~ t w'e w,U I,~ .9c.tL~,..~11_!1 l-o~< Uu· lo tt.e W'•ys w·.u b<- ~netJ oco- t..OMHi~r.en-t t"o Jl.'."'1.slaa,qwbc. _lft.t,-e. or c..J.L411s:n..9s., f~sts.., /1/14t1i,..9s 1 Te.t.dtin.9s a.tu} .!lt-o...,tl.. w..~.. : c-·Oc. i-obc.9 ~ -l:lu-. 12. ~ 8(. , 1 r- srt 1ttr1LL k L1-t sun,-js~ 1, tlu~.-s, Oci-~ 9~198 . WU. 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( Y••kc< Sp•'•:1• RJ,/Ch;,f ij.,..J,y~J.) f'oR ttpp" 0 ( . w+£ ·~ 411141.,...- c RossA.oJ\ds GREATER GYN LAKE AREA I .or, ~~ L'.: Otlt:OOfllvtLU ,iio / R,() ~I>· l!> • BRADLEYO ·-- IA42t D t21thS.NtCA42'1 (1 ,n,,. ., 12 •tti SHELBYVILLE 0 0 tlR.~'-t; ('_IN 0 0 l) ~ - ~ ,I) MARTIN I} I< , ,.,,., ,~ ' ~ 0 0 '1 #~ M·79 (J {) 0 't'l•LLCN R~ • - .-,.,"' (11 J • . tl Ci ill CA~ D I) TONASHVLLE , tllc;i ~ 1F K<2..sfQ.e-t ..;o.,_ thli,s "Pl"'"'-.clv..d<2.5 QL~ohol r"~ ~KJ l.\Se.. ·l I t...i ~ :1.5 o.f=' D~49S • JTSEGO W)()C-1NC- A\/41l-,',-~~ A-tJ5:, ., -·-- 'JJ&~ ~~ ...., . d 0 ,It ~ o., PLAINWELL f='~ :i:N10r~ IV~,\Ni <,. ~ + . TO KALAMAZOO C..1--r,z~NS I e TO RICHLAND 0 i ~DELTON )II TO KALAMAZOO <;? @ TO BATTLE CREEK � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_circle-pines-anishnawbe-pow-wow_1986-10 Title A name given to the resource Circle Pines Anishnawbe Pow Wow, October 1986 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986-10 Description An account of the resource Circle Pines Anishnawbe Pow Wow flyer, Gun Lake MI, October 9-12, 1986, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8b70068a0c00f2c0acb8a37a9098b96a.pdf 34552d02b831ef5a884e01af8edfbdf5 PDF Text Text PRIZE MONEY 1st. Place 2nd 3rd 1. Men's Traditional $500.00 $400.00 $250.00 2. Women's Traditional $500.00 $400.00 $250.00 3. Men's Grass $500.00 $400.00 $250.00 4. Women's Jingle $500.00 $400.00 $250.00 5. Men's Fancy $500.00 $400.00 $250.00 $500.00 $400.00 $250.00 6. ..Women• s Fancy 7. Jr. Men's Traditional (age 12-16) $300.00 $200.00 $100.00 8. Jr. Women•s:Traditional ( ages 12-16) $300.00 $200.00 $100.00 9. Jr Men's Fancy ( age 12-16) $300.00 $200.00 $100.00 J r . Women.• s Fancy ( age 12.::16) $300.00 $200.00 $100.00 1 1 . '·:~ o y • s ·:: Trad i t i on a 1 J:. age·5-11) $100.00 $ 75.00 $ 50.00 12. Girl -1 s Traditional ( age 5-11) $100.00 $ 75.00 $ 50.00 13. Boy's Fancy ( age 5-11) $100.00 $ 75.00 $ 50.00 14. Girl's Fancy (age 5-11) $100.00 $ 75.00 $ 50.00 $3500.00 $2100.00 1O • SUB TOTAL $4600.00 TOTAL PRIZE MONEY $10,200.00 PRIZES SUBJECT TO CHANGE ·- ~- - � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_dance-prize-list_ Title A name given to the resource Dance Prize List Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ????-?? Description An account of the resource Dance Prize List, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/54be0de7fea00a85152fdae682df5269.pdf 51766e8a92fb3d01e7edb9674b152876 PDF Text Text - - - - - - - - - - - - ~- -----. lndial1 Pow Wow frontier City, Michigan Saturday and Sunday, Aug. 17, 18 All Indian Dancers Welcome Camping facilities perfect Campers can set up on Friday No open fires, except grills and gas stoves "' Real Indian Dancing Championships Men and Women ~ White Indian Dancing Championship Men and Women "' Indian Boys and Girls Dancing Championship "' White Indian Boys and Girls Dancing Championship 1st, 2nd and 3rd Prizes for all Championships Real Indian Drummers . Bring Teepees if possible ~ J~.t/~A'.l"f _ ( 4-7eo ,4eeace1) fA C#/~di'cv/~ 6'Loo"O. �IIINTIER [IT Visit Frontier City in true and outhenti c western setting. There's the joi I for polecats and hoss thieves. There's the old saloon and western store. Rel ox on the veranda where the marshal keeps a sharp eye on all the ornery varmints. Step up to the bar, you long horns, and get your shot of redeye. Special bar for serving cow-juice for short horns. ·- · -- -= ---=- ~-::a.... ________ ..,._ --.,__--- •• • •• 9(~./ Steamboat A' Comin' Round The Bend Everyone wants to ride the colorful, honest-togosh, steam paddle-wheeler, THE RIVER QUEEN. But the management warns all passengers to be on guard against cord sharps and gamblers rumored to be operating in this neck of the woods. lndion Village Picnic Area Old McDonald's Farm (Baby Animals for Small Fry) Steamboat & Stagecoach · Rides •• • •• Antique Form Equipment Gold Mine Pony Rides Ride The Stage There's nothing Ii ke a ride on the stage through the woods and around the lake. The management is looking for a competent man between the ages of 3 and 103 to ride shotgun, for the stage is held up on nearly every run. ~ �. Frontier City is a must stop on yo.ur visit to Michigan. If you live within driving distance, pack a picnic lunch, put thekidsinthe car and come spend the day with us. You'll find a friendly, western atmosphere where the kids and you, too, will have the time of your life. Special rates for groups. WriteSheriffBuckOliver, Frontier City, Onsted, Michigan. Buffalo - . Deer & Texas Longhorns WerecommendyouvisitMystery Hill, Walker Tavern, and the Irish Hills S orts Park while in our area. '""~: Feed The Deer buffalo LAKE MICHIGI\N See the bul I whacker in action driving a rare pair of twin oxen. ..._ 11tWl *AIJ1HEflT/t / :.f)lfffRENT In The Heart Of The Irish Hills Of Southern Michigan Open Daily - 10:00 A.M. til 6:00 P.M. Memorial Day thru Labor Day � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_frontier-city-pow-wow_ Title A name given to the resource Frontier City Indian Pow Wow, August ???? Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ????-08 Description An account of the resource Frontier City Indian Pow Wow flyer, Frontier City MI, August 17-18, ????, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d746b7ce59577685f5f7d17ebd9eb378.pdf 108d79b1ef32f9a2533f4786edfac69c PDF Text Text J ~~Ji jJ ~ ? J · ~ W ,r H a '! I!'" a •, a ~. . . J( :HEAD SINGER n ., • HERSHEL KAUILITAY CGJFERENCE C£.NT£R. SATURD!JY JULY l 197-9 2,:00J?M. tiH 9:yOlPM. N HEAD MAN 0-\NCER. JIMBO NAGANASHE' HEADWOM4N Ql\NCER NANCY SHOMIN 114STER CF CEREMONIES NEL!?ON VICENTI DINNER & ALVIN RAFELITO ~f&iffriff£1T 530P.M OP[I( TO~~llfjj/!fp~E/VTS ~ *~~~)\\\LES ~ n~"~~\)s u t::,12..w~ FOR. #tJRE l#F()/341/ll/tJAICCJNTI/Oi #l, 17JM l(ftRl)y rlT·CltllJ "13,-5/5'-II � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_headland-pow-wow_1979-07 Title A name given to the resource Annual Headland Pow-Wow, July 1979 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979-07 Description An account of the resource Annual Headland Pow-Wow flyer, Mackinaw City MI, July 7, 1979, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3fbfb6e66669cda2cdd103e7f7e15029.pdf 797dfec80285c1ecdfd316877eb49758 PDF Text Text . t9A 1\k ' '2:,-e:. ' qj\' .;,_ ~ l ,:y" ~s i/ '\'.. ' :\-,,· ~i;r ' !t", <., q"" "-. ~~ - q_"-y ~ ~ ~fi The ·l'\e\Neeno.w BQy tr, bo. \ Cons+ruction Co. ~ _, i Ze60... bo_\ \ t'te \d T \ , ·...-y-Tt\ql' Sun da:y, uu. yC\o ~:oo~m-? ~ rl"' ...l' Inu,o.n -rHUND-[R BIRDS Cho.\ l'enC)e o.\\ Nishno.bes!f • So . '3Q-\her ,, y6u.r bes+ .L 1 \rtle ,, ' '·,:-·+e~m . ~ \' come , pl,ct.y'So 11 ,-b('"'\ \ ,.c_ :: . -. . i t1 . \...A... fJ \ . -\... .. . '·1 ./, ,' ',· - .-,.. ' .-.:.--. -. _., .. :. -«' ,. •. (~.,-,. - --~· . .:.... ~-..-; )_;..: - .: ...... . ' c •~"\ . . _ ,.,: .. . • .. . -. .f '. '1)\·: ' •.. ,"' ·. . - '.Sponsored by: - K. B~ I, C ~ - .- '. .;J '· ._ ·:. · · &.bsfonce·: /\t:J.lse Prevention Rn.ram .. J i ~ '-:.· .• ..~ ....t,.:· _i .... ~ P\eo:se .;·~~~b ,\\coho\ ·ct"- dn.1qS � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_honor-and-respect-traditional-pow-wow_ Title A name given to the resource Annual Traditional Pow-Wow, July ???? Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ????-07 Description An account of the resource Annual Traditional Pow-Wow flyer, July 26, ???? collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/48689c1599da9bc1f1f6fabdfed4c5b0.pdf 897ae15713d281dc5a305abe64faaa37 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_honor-sacred-fire_1988-07 Title A name given to the resource Honor the Sacred Fire Keweenaw Bay Spiritual Conferences, July 1988 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988-07 Description An account of the resource Honor the Sacred Fire Keweenaw Bay Spiritual Conferences flyer, July 21, 1988, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/583419464f5551e3490312583180191d.pdf 0f432b26d14ecc24a1559e4bdb991aef PDF Text Text Saginaw Chippewa Tribe Ceremonial Honoring - Little Elk Pow Wow - Ind ian School Reunion - Art Fair- Super Bingo August 3, 4 & 5, 1984 Saginaw Chippewa Campgrounds 7525 E. Tomah Road Admission: Adu Its .......... $2.00 Youth 12-1syrs. • • • • • $1.00 Senior Citizens .. $1.00 (11 and under FREE} Traders Fee: $15.00 per day or $25.00 for the weekend Grand Entries: Saturday 2:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m. Sunday 2:00 p.m. For More Information, Contact: Margret Sowmick (517) 772-4817 - Ken Sprague (517) 772-5700 (Between 8 a.m.-5 p.m.) NO ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES OR DRUGS ALLOWED! �'·' · l[\' 1· ,., ,. !)"'l' .._, l \ 1/ 1 ~,,' ;,j 1.~-~ .)t.; ,.,1 ·!.!.w '.. iI t1L ~,,·1 : J . i · :· ... /;;-." ) '"r · , ,, [\£-:...U! ~ JY . 1 1·-····-'' I,,, I k.)ir ·~ .J · 1···- /·'" f:l:);1( '.J.,~ •1/" . \ . 1 I __..J ~ IQ \... I. .I I E1(s Li'ltla ~T elr·e tti· -~ ' rsubel ~, ·ftt\ . EIKs 11 tr c1t- . ' b \IG\rvo..tion ~t se .- ,·l o' _j " Grand Errtrie$~ Saturda)t 2:00 p.m. ancl 7~0C) p.rrL und~ 2:oo p,m. \ ..I'/JG/#'~w C&/7.,,PcP-/rf Z-A/0/4~.f' ~ / B e ..Z::-A:l'c. (.z:rd#a..L4 t:€?d'"'"~~t7A/.., qr, rZC7Jf,f4,7;/H/. -P'.PP...S'F) '?t:170 El=. 8Rt7,;?P4fvAY re?. /- S/7-77c:2 -..S-700 �... J. SAGJNAW OilPPfWA IN:)IA N TR /BF, It- IC 7070 EAsT BROADWAY // MT. PLEASANT, MICHIGAN 48858 ,. Grand Valley American Indian Lodge 2512 Union Ave., N.E. Grand Rapids, MI. 49505 Attn: r fJ A 111,: 1,,, I\ Ii 1,; :; I·: !'OW I I u I\J u " I JI I ; VI\ 'I ' 111 .I ' Council Drum News I, ,~ \ : . 1 vHlVJ C II I ,,: )' /\ 111 : 1I : , 'I' I{ J ,J ' 'J''I ' 1,1<'. 111,1} ,, / .,. t I I . -1'1-o • K" ......Mt) i"r-it l'I l:A\;/11< I '" ____.-~- � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_honoring-little-elk-pow-wow_1984-08 Title A name given to the resource Saginaw Chippewa Tribe Ceremonial Honoring Little Elk, August 1984 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984-08 Description An account of the resource Saginaw Chippewa Tribe Ceremonial Honoring Little Elk flyer, Mt. Pleasant MI, August 3-5, 1984, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4b2818c0cd2a3175809d452ebc3cb7f6.pdf 5e4a07721f21501be093eeb5ddfe0d24 PDF Text Text -l21tl#6l/11!J)V!AM1YC#IJllWt CELEBRATl()N IJe ore holdin3 our l'trsT annual mee TING -• ,~ - ""-.. ro plat, -rhe up cotninJ I11diq17. celebrarion Tl ME: 7 ° 0 pm·fRl!)A -PLACE: s.c.,1111.1 .. , 8830 r !1ARCfl 15; 198.S £. TEN MIL£ WARR.£N;MI. 48030 We urJe q// o-f' rhe Indtan co/J?mUNrty rhrouJ/2our M!c/2i9017 -f-o join fo3ef/2er dnd s/2ow yovr su;:1pocr/l . For more i n.fo con-rd.c7.' Shdmn GeorJe-8"//-982' or ,heresa Wi/-8'12·083S There w, // be a., Po t-lvc k 0 1nt"1 e r b e .Po~ f-/2 e rneer1A1G �1573 MORRELL DETROIT, MI. ~011, ·. "'~"'t ~Q D ~,! , "" (. FEBI? . 48209 \ 1983 ~e~ GRAND RAPIDS INTERTRIBAL 45 LEXINGTON GRAND RAPIDS, MICH . 49504 - � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_indian-community-celebration_1985-03 Title A name given to the resource Michigan Indian Community Celebration, March 1985 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1985-03 Description An account of the resource Michigan Indian Community Celebration flyer, Warren MI, March 15, 1985, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a03c1565466aa612156886da1af82c15.pdf 3aca4ab8d8f45fb91f5ace643450df2f PDF Text Text 15TH ANNUAL LANSING POW WOW TRAD ITI ON AL SAT & SUN JUNE 20 & 21. 1992 SLEEPY HOLLOW STATE PARK-DEWITT.r MICH . .GRAND ENTRY 1 =00 & 7:00 PM SAT 12=00 NOON SUN HEAD DANCERS: TOM & BEA PETERS HEAD VETERAN: FRANK BUSI-I EMCEE: TIC BUSll HUST DRUM= BLUE LAKE SINGERS NEXT 4 DRUMS it no EACH NO OUTSIDE 50-50 RAFFLES IRADERS = 85~ NAIIIJE AMERICAN CRAFTS NAllUE AMERICAN = lHE ORIGINAL PEOPLE OF 1H1S COUNlUY TRADER FEES: i4o PER DAY PER SECTION iGo WEEKEND PER SECTION ARENA AREA SECTIONS LIMITtD TO 12 roo·r FRUNTAGE .FOOD VENDERS WILL BE INSPECTED BY CLINTON COUNTY 1-IEALTH DEPARTMENT Gf.Nf.RA'T10RS. P1 .f.ASf. f;OVf.R OR R1 ,Of;K 'T10 Kf.f.P N01Sf. 1.F.Vf.1, DOWN � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_lansing-pow-wow_1992-06 Title A name given to the resource Lansing Pow Wow Traditional, June 1992 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1992-06 Description An account of the resource Annual Lansing Pow Wow Traditional flyer, Dewitt MI, June 20-21, 1992, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8adc5f4e03a5349ccf015f1756e8c2b5.pdf 0f5c1213d9f5f7c2a1b5b427356d5fbd PDF Text Text I q r;(o L £ t.. L cl, 1' ) a u,,,, I /7 d Po{,()- W c' cc) /d F) PESHAWBESTOWN--4 miles north of Suttons Bay on M-22 August 28, 29, 1976 DaNCE TIMES SATURDAY 1 AUGUST 28 SUNDAY, AUGUST 29 2:00 p.m. Ceremonial dancing with children's dance contest. 7:00 p.m. Ceremonial dancing with women's dance contest. 2:00 p.m. Ceremonial dancing with men's dance contest. Settlement Drum John Bush, head drummer Indian arts & crafts for sale & display both days. Indian foods available. P UBL I C Admission: No inports please. No alcoholic beverages on grounds. INVITED Adults $1.00 Children 12 years and under 50¢ Children 5 years and under free Proceeds benefit Pow-wow fund �() \ ' ~~~ -!Jnc1uuv '?tJW- u)ouJ PESHAWBF.STOWN- 4 miles north of Suttons August Bay on M-22 28, 29, 1976 DANCE TIMES SATURDAY, AUGUST 28 SUNDAY 1 AUGUST 29 2:00 p.m. Ceremonial dancing with children's dance contest. 7:00 p.m. Cereinonial dancing with women•s dance contest. 2:00 p.m. Ceremonial dancing with men•s dance contest Settlement l)rUm John Bush• head drummer Indian arts 8c crafts for sale and display both days. Indian foods available. PUBLIC Adn:ise:ior: : No imports please. No alcoholic beverages on grounds. INVITED ~ulta $1 .. 00 Ch~ld~en 12 years an~ u:ider 50~ Cnildi~en 5 yea.cs a.r.d under fre ,3 Proceeds benefit Pow-Wow FUnd � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_leelanau-indian-pow-wow_1976-08 Title A name given to the resource Leelanau Indian Pow-Wow, August 1976 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1976-08 Description An account of the resource Leelanau Indian Pow-Wow flyer, Peshawbestown MI, August 28-29, 1976, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/059f42aa68ecb0c8919dd5cfbff63fa6.pdf 398525e2e99fd0c16185bcda704d474c PDF Text Text Little Elk's Retreat August 889, 87 �" ~-: ~·-.:· ~ ~~ ' . ~ . ~let . . ...... 'l •· ~ .-.., ~ ~ I ... f ,_ / I I .. ~-=---, . I .;.. \ - ·, . .. - ·- I I . SENIOR HIGH GRADUATION - 1955 SAGINAW CHIPPEWA TRIBAL CHAIRMAN - 1975 - 1982 I remember cleaning his office after he was gone. It was one of the hardest things to do. But, looking around at the papers, pictures and knick knacks that were collected over the years were just reflections of his character. There was a little sign that he kept on his desk that resembled him the most and it was ... Coming together is a beginning Keeping together is progress Working together is success!!!! With Daddy, it was a team effort that he believed in, not a one man show. KIM (daughter) 9/J. .@1"() �A TRIBUTE TO PETER D. OTTO "DESIDERATA" Go placidly amid the noise and haste and remember what peace there may be in silence. As far as possible without surrender be on good terms with all persons. Speak your truth quietly and clearly; and listen to others even the dull and ignorant; they too have their story. Enjoy your achievements as well as your plans. Keep interested in your career, however humble; it is a real possession in the changing fortunes of time. Exercise caution in your business affairs for the world is full of trickery. But let this not blind you to want virtue there is; many persons strive for high ideals; and everywhere life is full of heroism. Be yourself. Especially do not feign affection. Take kindly to counsel of the years, gracefully surrendering the things of youth. Nurture strength of spirit to shield you in sudden misfortunes. But do not distress yourself with imaginings. Beyond a wholesome discipline, be gentle with yourself. You are a child of the universe, no less than the trees and stars; you have a right to be here. And whether or not it is clear to you, no doubt the universe is unfolding as it should. Therefore be at peace with God whatever you conceive him to be and whatever your labors and aspirations, in the noisy confusion of life keep peace with your soul. With all its sham, drudgery and broken dreams, it is still a beautiful world. Be careful. Strive to be happy. -Marlene Jackson �Barbara (FAWN) Sprague •••••••...••..•.••••.•.•.•. Chairperson/Sec. Audrey Falcon ••..•..•.•..••.••..•....••..••.•.... Treasurer Chief Little Elk ..•.•••••••.....••.•.•...•..•.••. Public Relations Larry Sprague •••••.••.•••••..•..••••....••....•.. Public Relations Kenny Sprague •.•••••.•••••.•••••.....••...••.•••• Public Relations Dorson Strong •••••.••••.•••••.•••..••..••.•..•.•• Public Relations .Margaret Sowrnick ..••••••••..•..•...•.••.......•.. Public Relations Marion Mena .••••••.••.•.•..•••..•.•••••••..•....• Secretary ·& Ken Sprague ...••••••••••.•....•...•.••..• SECURITY Ken Sprague .•••..•••••••••••••....••••.•.•..••..• SET-UP Larry & Fawn Sprague •••..••••...••..••..••.•••••• TRADERS RffiISTRATION carla Sineway ..•••••••..•..•...•..•..•..•.••..••• KI'ICHEN OOSS (Cook) .Margaret Sov.mick .••••••••.•...••.•••..•.••••••..• DANCER REGISTRATION Fawn Sprague ..•••••..••.••.•..•.•••...•.••..•..•• FLYER IAYOUT & PRJGRAM BCX)K Larry FUND RAISING Marion Mena & .Margaret Sowrnick •••.....•.•.••...•. ADVERI'ISEMENT SALES I t I PCW-W::W GUEST OF HONOR John V. Bailey •••.•..•.•..•.•.•••••.•..•......•.• MAS~ OF CEREMJNIES Mr. Frank Bush ••••••••.•..••.•.••...••..•.•.•••.• VETERAN DANCER George .Martin •.•.•...•••.•...•...•.•..••..•..•••. HEAD MAIE DANCER Sid Martin ••••.••.•••.•••.•••..•..•.•.••.•....••. HEAD FEMALE ONCER Judith Parnp •••••••••••••••••••.•.••..•••..•..•••• HEAD FEMALE JUIXiE 'Im Hawks ••••.•..••..•••••.•.•••.•••..••.••...••. HOST DRUM Phil Manberto ••.•••••••.••.•.•..••...•••••••••••• HEAD SINGER Chief Little Elk •••...•..•.••.•••..••••.•..••.•.• INVOCATION (HEAD MAIE JUIXiE will be announced) Pow-Wow Ccmnittee wishes to thank I.Dri Hall for a CASH C'ONTRIBUTION of $100.00. Me Gwetch IDri. Pow-Wow Carmittee also wishes to say "Me Gwetch" to all the beautiful dancers and many traders who have sup:EX)rted us these past few years. May the Great Spirit walk the- ~th bef9re .you and guide you. �EXPENSES: Dance Contest M:::mey: Men's - 17 years and over W'.:men's - 17 years and over Boys - 12/16 years Traditional First Place Second nace Third Place First Place Second Place Third Place First Place Second Place Third Place Girls - 12/16 years I 1987 LITI'LE ELK's REI'REAT First Place ·Second Place Third Place Boys - 6/11 years First Place Secorrl Place Third Place I I - I Girls - 6/11 years First Place Second Place Third Place Fancy $300.00 $200.00 $100.00 $600.00 $300.00 $200.00 $100.00 $600.00 $1,200.00 $300.00 $200.00 $100.00 $600.00 $300.00 $200.00 $100.00 $600.00 $1,200.00 $ 75.00 $ 50.00 $ 25.00 $150.00 $ 75.00 $ 50.00 $ 25.00 $150.00 $ 300.00 $ 75.00 $ 50.00 $ 25.00 $150.00 $ 75.00 $ 50.00 $ 25.00 $150.00 $ 300.00 $ $ $ $ 25.00 15.00 10.00 50.00 $ $ $ $ 25.00 15.00 10.00 50.00 $ 100.00 $ 25.00 $ 15.00 $ 10.00 $ 50.00 $ $ $ $ 25.00 15.00 10.00 50.00 $ 100.00 $ 18.00 $ 18.00 $ 20.00 Dance Contest M'.:>ney: Boys - 0/5 years Girls - 0/5 years First Place Second Place Third Place category $ 10.00 $ 5.00 $ 3.00 First Place Second Place Third Place $ $ $ One 10.00 5.00 3.00 Boys and Girls participants 0-5 years old $1.00 x 20 participants '1UrAL Audrey Falcon -Treasurer PRIZE MJNEY: $ 3,256.00 �- . . . . ...... ........... . .__ .__ .__ .__ .__ . ........... .__ .__ .__ . . . . . .__.~ .-. .__ .__ .__ .__. Medicine Man ••. His spirit soars guided in the wilderness by Gods own hand .: �'~~Ml~~ 1 g g ft g g g I PROGRAM Friday Eve Blessing of Grounds Chief Little Elk Speaks SATURDAY 12:00-1:00 P.M. LUNCH (Participants Only) Grand Entry 2:15-5:15 P.M. Afternoon Dance and Children Dance Contest ,,, ·\ g g .I J : H l ~ ~ ~ i 5:30-6:30 P.M. Dinner (Participants Only) 7:00 P.M. Grand Entry 7:00-10:00 P.M. Evening Dance !: B Q Q B ' . ~ - ··r.-.ma:t [~! ., 1'/•!i!/11.f ·ls"" . . . . . . _ ~l i Ig ~ ~ ~ SUNDAY 12:00-1:00 P.M. LUNCH (Participants Only) 2:00 P.M. Grand Entry 2:15-5:00 P.M. Afternoon Dance and Adult Dance Contest o~~tS:SltS:SltS:SltS:SltS:Sl~~~ttll~~ �THE POW-WOW COMMITTEE WISHES TO RECOGNIZE: Head Veteran Dancer - Frank Bush U.S. Marine Corps Wounded WW II The Veteran Dancer is one of the most important dancers in the Pow-Wow. He is the dancer who carries the flag during the Grand Entry and represents all of the Indian people who gave their lives for our country. He also is the dancer who leads the rest of the dancers in the Grand Entry. Master of Ceremonies - John V. Bailey Throughout the weekend, Mr. Bailey has the task of guiding the Pow-Wow. Not only will he announce particular features of the Pow-Wow, but also explain the culture and customs that are seen during the Pow-Wow. Mr. Bailey may receive requests for special dances and songs. Host Drum-------------- TWO HAWKS Head Singer------------ Phil Memberto Grand Rapids, MI ~ Quality voices, solid and strong beats, make TWO HAWKS an~ outstanding host drum. They will set the format for the dance and sing the honor songs. Songs may be to honor a birthday; a marriage, or a death. The American Indian is distinguished by certain things, certain perceptions of himself in relationship to the world around him. He is someone who thinks of himself in a certain way; percisely equal to his own idea of himself. Nature is good, believes the Indian, and so is man because he is a part of her. Language provides the Most Eleborate form of human communication. LANGUAGE IS THE LIFEBLOOD OF A CULTURE. MR. FRANK BUSH r , 1 �Little Elk's Retreat ( l ' - $ / August sa9, 87 �Continued - page 2 Head Male Dancer-------George Martin Hopkins, MI Head Female Dancer-----Sid Martin Hopkins, MI To be chosen as the Head Dancer is a distinct honor and carries the responsibility of upholding the ways handed down from thi ancestors. The Head Dancers lead the dancers into inter-tribal and speciality dances, putting in a rigorous weekend at a pow-wow. They are living examples of the traditions of the American Indian. Head Male Judge-------to be announced Head Eemale Judge----------Judith Pamp Lansing, MI GEORGE MARTIN FLAG SONG: The flag song to the Indian people is the same as the national anthem to Non-Indians. All people will be asked to remove their hats for all veterans who have served their people. GRAND ENTRY: First event of a Pow-Wow dance is to create a circle, loosely on the outer perimeter of the dance area, representing a sacred circle. Participants signal Grandfather and our ancestors to witness this physical testimony of belief in and continuation of the old ways. Because so much attention both spiritual and physical is focused on this event the p~ople in front do indeed have a great place of honor and responsibility. THE POW-WOW: Also known as a dance or a doings. The Pow•Wow has a very historic value to the American Indians. These dances and gatherings ha~e gone on for hundreds of years. Historically in the Michigan area these gatherings were in the spring and summer. At this time the trading took place and the people had a chance to get together and see their family and friends whom they had not seen all winter. Today the people still gather and hold these dances. They have a chance to meet old friends and make new ones. They also use this time to help educate Non-Indians to the Indian ways of life. �ty rs -~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-· ~ ~ Jerry's Transmission Service .,t/u/omaJic </'14,umiUJo,u STANDARDS AND CLUTCHES GENERAL REPAIR JEROME VOGED, Ou·ner MT, PLEASANT, MICH. 48858 QUAITITY WE M:C£'1f000 STAMPS INiHTS l£SlfflD I' COLD BEEi I STOI[ HOURS ' ~ 'DIYS AIIUI MN., T11111., Wltl., 111an.. I:• Iii I:•. Fri. I:• Iii I:• , Sat. 1:• Iii 7:• CLOSED SUNDAY . . ----..,.---~---- DEAN BURGER PRES I DENT DEA /\' BURGER POl\'TlAC Bl 'JCK CAD/ LL4C GMC BILL SUBLETT DEAN BURGER CADILLAC· BUICK·PONTIAC·GMC INC. 1 16 NORTH M I SS ION MT.PLEASANT . M148858 1 - 517 - 773-3917 517-773-3917 116 NORTH MISSION STREET MT. PLEASANT, MICHIGAN 48858 �----COMPLIMENTS--OF------ • isabella tiank and trust SERVING ISABELLA COUNTY // SINCE -1903 • ! -" �-'~~(~<~~~ ,ti~sal~l'l'&:A& Mon. · Sat. 9:00 to 10:00 Sun. open until 9:00 z • 1 ·i ': ;·:"· , :;fit·.:, <':"-J,t ', c'l..t\G~tS ~ :' :i:. ,..:,}: , ASSOCIATE STORE ;. . ~~ BORD.EA/ GROCERY E. -1r,,g,,x 1024 Corner of Leaton & M-20 /.\~<~~'(_ -;': KEWEENAW BAY INDIAN $$ BIG BUCKS BINGO $$ Skanee Road (Zeba) L'Anse, Michigan -;': -;': ·'·.,."" .,s .,s n OJIBWA LANES LOUNGE & CASINO M-38 Baraga, Michigan ··-... ·k ..k .,. ;': , . ··- ;•: ..... Every Tuesday and Thursday Games Start at 6:45 p.m. ;': .,. 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THE MUFFLER MAN Chippewa Muffler Service Inc. lnsur'an 101 S. Mission - - - - - - - - - • Mt. Plusant. Ml 207 E. Broadway Mt. Pleasagt • Ml 77-32420 119155[ - Dave Culhane JOHN MCPHAIL PHONE (517) 773-3546 �~tl=SJ~CS:Slttllt8:Slt8:Sl~~~f8Jj - I• ~ACK JACK, CRAPS, HIGH STAKES POKER, INSTANT PULL-TABS Mustbe21 YearsofAgetoEnter Sorry, We Cannot Accept Personal Checks. OPEN : Thursday - Monday Nights 7p .m.to2a.m.E.S.T. Open Sat. at 1 p.m. I t • N. • ' +----; 41 (r_ Bark River 0 To Menominee M (1 v, -; ~ ~ W. • ,j 'it s. Escanaba US2-41 , es) E. ?-"" - .,_'?'o~ ~"" r; ~'?''?,,~ M-35 To Menominee ' """'\ .. " • v7" -- t,l,gn\\'l -z "' Gi"e p,...,.a-1s~ :~ \/ .,. ~ ' CHIP-IN ENTERTAINMENT COMPANY, INC. HANNAHVILLE INDIAN COMMUNITY Route#1 Wilson, Michigan 49896 Must be 21 Years of Age to Enter Sorry, We Cannot Accept Personal Checks. Casino: (906) 466-2686 Business: (906) 466-2642 OPEN: Thursday- Monday Nights 7p.m.to2a.m. E.S.T. Open Sat. at 1 p.m. ' ~ -, ,~\;v,11, -~ ..,_~>t. \ ". - -: ~ · Holiday 7._ Specials ~ ;> .~ ''2' 2" ~ ~~~ 1.,~' "-\~"'"'\" -::; ' ' 83== Master Card & Visa Accpeted Travelers Checks, Cashier Checks and Money Orders are Permissible. All Proceeds To Fund Tribally Sponsored Activities. BING 0 6 24 36 58 66 11 16 31 53 71 3 19 • 49 73 12 22 34 47 67 14 29 43 50 63 . ~ Owned and Operated by the HANNAHVILLE INDIAN COMMUNITY Hannahville, Michigan ,~, ,,1l .., ,~ ,::: ..,., - .J. , (.( ,{ POTAWATOMI • • • Hannahv11le, M1ch1gan ,.,...,'<,<'.:,., ;'.; • n.,. 1Jt - ',,,, c,,~~ -~ \:J~r f ] �SAGINAW OPEN: Wednesday, Thursday Friday and Saturday 5:00 p.m. to 12:30 a.m. Sunday 12 Noon to 7:00 p.m. CAMPING: Primitive overnight camping sites available. Inquire at Card Room or Bingo Office. Concession Area CHIPS u1ae; §TWLE Card Game Room Mt. Pleasant, Michigan BLACKJACK THE SAGINAW CHIPPEWA FUND RAISING 7498 East Broadway Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48858 (517) 772-0827 or 773-9423 Toll Free 1-800-338-9092, Michigan Only ! BLACKJACK RULES & POLICIES ·~·~·~·~·~·~·'""lll~!!!!!!!!!!~~~~l!!!!!!!!!~l!!!!!!!!!~l~~~-!!!!!!!!!~=!!!!!!!~·~·..L.·~·~·~·~·· r• o,~ ,, . t ~~ , .. @. ·, .. WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY MORNING FRIDAY AND SATURDAY NIGHT i l f•Zf ~v ~\,~ •,V~' ,a..'i:, :'\ :{Q Qo). 1i o..\~G . ' • t• t BJNG0·7i i i i •, t. _,o0 .f SllP1lLSJIND!Yl ~ '2,0 0 •o O t• ko0 o, The Saginaw Chippewa Fund Ral1lng Project 0 0 ENTERPRISE OF THE SAGINAW CH IPPEWA INOI AN TRIBE 7070 Eas, B,oac •av . Mt. P•easaot . M;co,ga,, ,• ,· ,aasa (51~:,,::3~~~c~:,.:7:;~:23 1--800-338-9C92 " LEASE NOTE: r;arrv '" o: 1Cod ,H"~ ~,.era;es i t• ~ .:,;c;n.r.itec • • ~ (.~>,.. ~,, '~--, :i,•• n-a s .. '' � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Publication Collection Subject The topic of the resource Native Americans Indians of North America Anthropology Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Michigan Description An account of the resource Selected digital surrogates of published and unpublished materials from the Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection dealing with different aspects of human culture and anthropology, with an emphasis on Native American people, events, organizations, and activities in Michigan. Includes newsletters, event programs, flyers, posters and other printed materials. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gillis, Edward V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American Publication Collection (RHC-14)</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-02-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Gi-gikinomaage-min Project (Kutsche Office of Local History) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1958-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/446">Edward V. Gillis Native American publication collection, RHC-14</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-14_little-elk-retreat_1987-08 Title A name given to the resource Annual Little Elk Retreat Pow-Wow, August 1987 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1987-08 Description An account of the resource Annual Little Elk Retreat Pow-Wow program, August 8-9, 1987, collected by Edward Gillis included as part of his Native American publication collection. Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America -- Michigan -- Periodicals Indians of North America Michigan Michigan -- Grand Rapids Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a>