976 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3a6008d95f9fc97dca66ca8e74263838.jpg c039662f229b07f5d0ddf1ca72388c89 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_TheatreDept-people_Jill-Hamilton-in-old-costume-shop Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource unknown Title A name given to the resource Theatre Department People Description An account of the resource Color photograph of two Grand Valley Theatre Department members. In this image two women look up from sewing and smile. The tabletop in front of them is littered with fabric scraps, tools, drinks, and an ashtray. Posters with costumed figures are hung on the wall behind them. Numbered boxes are stacked on shelves around the top of the room. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8159672c4fdac66e13a4b0bd175b4845.jpg a1d996c1c1411a2aa76dd71d7cb4f4ad Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_TheatreDept-people_Jill-Hamilton Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource unknown Title A name given to the resource Theatre Department People Description An account of the resource Color photograph of two Grand Valley Theatre Department members. In this image a woman turns toward the camera with a smile. She holds up a detailed jacket. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a41f65706697a9f22a51c42cf28b76d4.jpg c0771d788bc16db7cce918124365677a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1990s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000617 Title A name given to the resource Theatre performance Description An account of the resource Theatre performance. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Students Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f6892e7f90a9130fa6a04a8a2f739318.jpg e61b36ac5236bef6296b2e3ac55ee322 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 2000s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000618 Title A name given to the resource Theatre performance Description An account of the resource Theatre performance. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Students Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8b11b3dc1faf034e8c4fba237de48cc3.jpg ff46b3ffa7e3f163f82a14dd1d797337 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1990s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000613 Title A name given to the resource Theatre performance of "General Gorgeous" Description An account of the resource Theatre performance of the play "General Gorgeous". The play was described as a campy, science fiction, rock-and-roll romp through space and time that highlights General Gorgeous's attempts to win a place among the galactic superheroes. Pictured here (from left to right) is General Gorgeous, Mouse Woman, and The Blue Mutant. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Events Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1996 color photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/df416aac01951e6da4e342edfd978d7e.jpg d831bfc609830325496a14a1854ac17e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-Red-Misc-63 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-06-11 Title A name given to the resource Theatre Veteran, 90 Description An account of the resource An article from The Commercial Record/Resorter titled "Theatre Veteran, 90, Shares Red Barn Memories" which was published to honor the 90th birthday of Mary Ann Curtis. It includes part of her story "Remembrances of the Red Barn," which was written in 1992. It explores her experiences during her time at the Red Barn. It also includs a photo of Curtis that was taken while she still actively participated in the Red Barn Theatre. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Community theater Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file collected by the Kutsche Office of Local History from the Saugatuck Douglas History Center for the Stories of Summer project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/247fcf31b4fc23d0449550a6012d5ac7.jpg 058e8794a13181ddffe612880c9898d7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ThelenCraig Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Thelen, Craig Description An account of the resource Craig Thelen, LVEC Bookstore Manager Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2e168d6e5f7bac3055d841d0c9146723.m4v b33e478169e18f5dd5d2fe9730efed8d https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/172e7d97d5da59b0d9b0efd72742849f.pdf 56a831a2950da8e0fe7b6460ef2936a1 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans’ History Project Richard Thelen World War II 1 hour 29 minutes 46 seconds (00:00:18) Early Life -Born in Lansing, Michigan in March 1927 -His father had a job delivering ice and coal until 1940 -In 1940 got a job at General Motors and worked there until he retired -Throughout the Great Depression he always had work -His mother was a cashier at a family friend’s grocery store -He was the oldest of his siblings -He had a younger brother and a younger sister (00:02:03) Awareness of the War and Start of the War -He and his family would go to the Fowler, Michigan area to visit grandparents -Didn’t have access to radio when they would visit -When he got home on December 7, 1941 he went down to the corner grocery store -Heard the news that Pearl Harbor had been bombed -Went back to his house and told his father about Pearl Harbor -Remembers that on December 8 war was declared -Prior to Pearl Harbor he had paid some attention to the war in Europe -He was too young to comprehend the gravity of the situation, or to be nervous about it -Even after Pearl Harbor he didn’t think that he would have to fight in the war -The older he got, the more he realized there was a chance he would have to fight (00:03:55) Enlisting in the Navy -When he was seventeen and in the eleventh grade of high school (1944) he enlisted in the Navy -Had to get his parents’ permission -They both approved of his decision -He wanted to go on the water even though he had never gone sailing before -Knew the risk involved in joining the military -A son from a family in their neighborhood had been killed in a bombing run in Europe (00:06:02) Basic Training -Reported to Great Lakes Naval Station, Illinois in January 1945 -Went to Detroit and from Detroit went to Great Lakes Naval Station by train -There was a large group of recruits -He had joined up with two friends -At Great Lakes they were given their uniforms, haircuts, and vaccinations -Went on marches and took swimming courses -He thought that the training would be harder than it actually was -He was in good shape at the time -For the men that were out of shape it was more difficult for them -There was a heavy emphasis on discipline and following orders -If your uniform or bunk was unacceptable you would be punished for it -It wasn’t too hard for him to adjust to military living �-He missed his home and his friends -Even though he adjusted easily it was still a culture shock for him -Not all of the recruits were teenagers; some of the men were older and had been to college -At the end of basic training took tests to see what your specialization in the Navy would be -He was assigned to “General Sea Duty” -He spent January 1945 to mid-April 1945 at Great Lakes -He was not given any leave during his time in basic training (00:11:42) Assignment to USS Indianapolis -After basic training he was given a week of leave -After his leave he reported to the Federal building in Detroit -From there returned to Great Lakes -From Great Lakes he was sent to Schumacher, California by train -It was a long train ride -Had to sleep in their seats -They were fed on the train because it had a dinner car -They were essentially stuck on the train for the whole trip -The upside was getting to see the American landscape like the Rocky Mountains -Schumacher was being used as an outgoing post for the Navy -His assignment, with one of his friends, was on board the USS Indianapolis -The ship was in dry dock getting repairs and it needed replacements -Earlier in the year it had suffered a devastating kamikaze attack -He spent a week at Schumacher working in the mess hall -Prior to going to California he had never even heard of the Indianapolis -The ship was being repaired by civilian welders, and as per protocol a welder needed a sailor -He was assigned to one welder and just watched over the man with a fire extinguisher -Stayed with that same worker for about a month -Got along well with him -He was given some downtime in California -Visited San Francisco and explored the city and went to bars (00:18:22) Boarding the USS Indianapolis -Boarded the Indianapolis sometime in early/mid-July 1945 (most likely July 12) -Assigned a bunk and a locker -Not much space -Went on the “shakedown cruise” (seeing if there was anything else that needed repair) -Went out into the Pacific Ocean and then came back to San Francisco -Some men got seasick on the cruise -He didn’t get seasick -They were only out for one night and then they came back (00:20:43) Voyage to Tinian -They were in port for about two days and left San Francisco on July 16, 1945 -The components for the atomic bomb intended for Hiroshima were loaded -They were stored in a nondescript crate -Sailed fast and straight across the Pacific Ocean stopping only in Pearl Harbor on July 19 -On board the Indianapolis he helped stand watch over the seaplane hangar -Place where the atomic bomb components were being kept -He also stood watch with Marines �-Everyone knew there was something important and strange in the crate -The atomic bomb trigger mechanism was kept in the officers’ quarters -They sailed independently without a convoy -The weather on the voyage to Tinian was good, ordinary Pacific weather -Stood watch for four hours and then got eight hours off -Only got about four to five hours of sleep -During downtime had to eat, shower, and shave -They set a speed record going from San Francisco to Guam -Delivered the components to Tinian on July 26, 1945 -The unloading process was largely nonchalant -From Tinian went to Guam -Stayed aboard the ship -Didn’t stay at Guam very long -Just stopping to refuel and resupply -Left Guam on July 28 and sailed towards Leyte in the Philippines -Going to join the 7th Fleet to aid in the invasion of Okinawa, and later, Japan -They were still travelling alone, but not with the same haste as when they went to Tinian (00:29:07) Submarine Attack and Sinking of the USS Indianapolis -The conditions were perfect for the sinking -The Japanese sub (I-58) had come up to recharge its batteries -Indianapolis was in the area just as the I-58 surfaced -It was a full moon and the sea was calm -He was asleep when the first torpedo struck the ship -In the first strike the front portion of the bow had been destroyed -A minute or two later the second torpedo struck the ship -He remembers being called to general quarters and seeing the deck of the ship in flames -Men began to put on life preservers and prepare to abandon ship -He essentially rode the ship as it sank, when it finally went down it did so without suction -When he got into the water he didn’t know how many men were with him until daylight -He was in a group of fifty to seventy five other survivors -Fighting the waves and the wind (00:36:35) Stranded in the Ocean -The first day in the water they all worked together to keep each other alive -Remembers one man drowning due to exhaustion -He remembers feeling incredibly hungry -Eventually passed a threshold and no longer noticed his hunger, or thirst -Second day started to give up the will to live -While in the water realized that if you stayed in a group the sharks stayed away -If a man ever drifted from the group the sharks would get him -He remembers a shark coming close enough to poke his life jacket, then swam away -Realized and accepted that they probably weren’t going to be rescued and would die -Kept himself alive by thinking of what his father told him when he left for training -“I want you to come back” -That gave him the will to live, because he didn’t want to let his father down (00:41:17) Rescue -On August 2 a PV-1 Ventura flew over their position, they had been in the water for three days �-The pilot happened to spot the oil slick of the Indianapolis -Flew lower and then saw the survivors -He made sure to let the survivors know that he had seen them -Later on August 2 a seaplane was sent out to begin gathering survivors -The Navy had not been aware that the Indianapolis had been lost at sea -The USS Doyle was sent out early August 3 to begin the larger scale rescue operation -Prior to the arrival of the Doyle and the other ships later survival gear had been dropped off -Out of a group of three men he was the only one to make it to a survival raft -One man had been grabbed by a shark, and the other died of heart failure -He stayed in the raft for another eight hours waiting to be picked up by a ship -Later on August 3 six more ships arrived to rescue the survivors and search for men in the water -He was picked up by one of the destroyers -Given 100% alcohol to get his heart rate back up -Given food -Given a shower to wash the saltwater, diesel, and oil off of his skin -When he got to his bunk he ran into his friend from the Indianapolis who had also survived (00:50:14) Recovery and Aftermath Pt. 1 -He doesn’t remember going to the hospital on the island of Peleliu -Once stabilized he and other survivors were taken to a hospital ship in the bay -Stayed on the hospital ship for two or three days -From there they were taken to a submarine rest camp at Guam to wait for transport home -The survivors were kept together on Guam -Officers and enlisted men were still kept apart -Out of the twelve black sailors on board none of them survived the sinking -Their quarters were near where the first torpedo was hit -Believes that eleven died in the torpedo strike, and the other died in the water -Out of 1,197 crewmen 900 got off the ship alive, and 600 of those 900 died in the water -The captain of the ship, Charles B. McVay III, survived the sinking -Later, wrought with guilt, he committed suicide in 1968 -He stayed on Guam for about a month -Taken back to the U.S. on an aircraft carrier, the USS Hollandia -Got to sleep on the flight deck, which was a good thing -Given good food -His family knew that he had been wounded in action -Shortly afterwards heard about the sinking of the Indianapolis in the newspaper -He got back to the United States sometime in October 1945 (00:57:53) Coming Home & Post-War Service -He was given thirty days of “survivor’s leave” and was allowed to go home -After his leave was up he reported to the Federal building in Detroit -Served at Naval Air Station Grosse Ile, Michigan for one year -Worked in transportation and maintenance -Running bulldozers and keeping the runway clear of snow and debris -Went to Bunker Hill Naval Air Station, Indiana and learned to drive trucks -Led to him getting a career driving civilian trucks for forty four years after the Navy (00:59:40) The Invasion of Japan -They were told after Tinian that they would be preparing for the invasion of Japan �-No one seemed to be phased by that information (01:00:37) Emotional Impact of Sinking -He will not watch movies like “Jaws” or “Titanic” after experiencing the sinking -Saw one ship sink and that’s enough for him -Saw all the sharks that he’s ever wanted to -He didn’t know until much later that “Jaws” referenced the sinking of the USS Indianapolis -He didn’t talk about his experiences until long after the war -He was married in 1951 and didn’t tell his wife until seven years later about his experience -Bought a book in 1958 called Abandon Ship! about the sinking which gave it away -His experiences had, unbeknownst to him, caused PTSD which caused damage to his family -Eventually realized it and dealt with it (01:04:09) Opinion of Captain McVay -Never really met Captain McVay -Only ran into him once on the ship, and it was a brief encounter -All the men that he has run into who knew the man sang his praises (01:05:47) Details on Being Stranded -Feels that the mixture of diesel fuel and oil on their skin protected them from the sun -Saltwater couldn’t penetrate the oil and it also acted as a sort of sunscreen -Without the fuel and oil he feels that more men would have died -When he was in the water he thought that his group was the only group of survivors -The spread of survivors was two miles wide and sixteen miles long -He was surprised to see more survivors after being rescued (01:07:52) Miscellaneous Details -He didn’t know that they were carrying the atomic bomb components until after the war -Informed that they had been carrying the material on August 15, 1945 -After Hiroshima and Nagasaki had been bombed and Japan surrendered -The information was shocking to him -He was shocked to learn that Captain McVay was being court-martialed after the war -He and the sinking broke two records and have kept them since -Broke the record for the most men killed in a shipwreck during wartime -Broke the record for the most amount of time spent in the water -Anymore time and they would have died (01:09:40) Recovery and Aftermath Pt. 2 -Learned later on that he and the other survivors had been in much worse shape than they knew -Later met a doctor who had been a corpsman on Peleliu who had helped -Told him that he and the others were incredibly close to dying -When the USS Doyle returned to the site of the wreck they found men floating in the water -Checked them and found that they were dead -Their legs had been bitten off by sharks and they died in the water (01:13:54) Court Martial of Captain McVay -Captain McVay’s trial began on December 3, 1945 -He was found guilty of putting his ship in harm’s way by failing to zigzag -Later exonerated of his “crime” -Considered to have been the scapegoat for the Navy -The survivors felt that it was terrible that Captain McVay was being tried -Other Navy men, when the situation was explained, also shared those feelings �-The Japanese commander of the submarine was brought in for the trial -Felt that the trial was unfair because not even zigzagging would have saved the ship (01:16:21) Movie Deals -He has been solicited by directors and producers to give his input for a movie about the sinking -Any time a film is in the works the Navy shoots it down -The Navy considers it to be a black mark, and they don’t want it to be too public -He doesn’t believe a movie will be made until everyone involved in it has died (01:19:05) Veteran Group Involvement and Memorial Involvement -It is an education for him to meet with people at the survivor reunions -Gets to hear different stories, both from the survivors and the rescuers -He was one of the 120 men who contributed their story to the book Only 317 Survived -Offers the varying perspectives of the sinking and of being stranded -The only attention he enjoys receiving is from students writing him to ask about the sinking -Glad to be part of an educational experience -He doesn’t like to be seen as a hero because he doesn’t feel that he is a hero -He shares his story because he feels that it is his duty to inform people of what war is really like -He was part of the push to get the city of Indianapolis to commemorate the ship -There is now a monument to the USS Indianapolis -There is also a museum about the USS Indianapolis -It took until 1995 for the monument to be built, and 2007 for the museum (01:27:10) Reflections -He has learned that the psychological wounds heal and that you can talk about your experiences -He wants to keep the history of the ship and of its sinking alive -To honor the memory of the men who died, and for Captain McVay � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_ThelenR1674V Title A name given to the resource Thelen, Richard (Interview outline and video), 2014 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-09-20 Description An account of the resource Richard Thelen was born in Lansing, Michigan, in 1927. He grew up in Lansing and enlisted in the Navy in 1944. In January 1945 he reported for basic training at Great Lakes Naval Station, Illinois and trained there for four months until he completed his training in April 1945. After basic training he want to California and was assigned to the USS Indianapolis which was in dry dock at the time receiving repairs due to a kamikaze attack. With the cargo of the atomic bomb components the USS Indianapolis left San Francisco on July 16, 1945 bound for the island of Tinian. After delivering the bomb components they were ordered to the Philippines to join the 7th Fleet. At roughly midnight on July 30 the Japanese submarine I-58 spotted the Indianapolis and torpedoed her. The ship sank quickly, and Thelen and other survivors were in the water for three days before they were spotted and rescued, during which time many men died. After extended time in hospitals, Thelen was assigned to duties on bases in the US until his discharge. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Thelen, Richard Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Hammond, Steven (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Navy Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Moving Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/x-m4v application/pdf https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/32f99da01ae988fc0618092601feff33.pdf 0b3ad7834c635024bb2ed81e0dc0cf0f PDF Text Text Then God Is…And That Can’t Be From the series: God in the Mirror of a Human Face Text: Revelation 14:20; Matthew 3:12 Richard A. Rhem Christ Community Church Spring Lake, Michigan February 28, 1999 Transcription of the spoken sermon Before I left on vacation in January, I set up the sermon series for Lent and my main concern was to be able to pick up the themes with which John Dominic Crossan would deal in his presentation last week and especially on Sunday, ushering us into the Lenten season. He was, fortunately, able to come at the time of our first requested date, the first Sunday in Lent, because I thought it would be a stimulating and provocative way to be launched into Lent, but during January when I was trying to determine how I would pick it up from him, I had to hunch somewhat what he would do and anticipate how he might lead us in order that I might pick it up with some kind of continuity, and so, before I left for vacation, I had a series set with a little bit of anxiety as to whether or not we would skip a beat. Well, I’m pleased with it. Of course, if you look at the title of today’s message and next week’s message, you might think I was hedging my bets. Today, "Then God Is ... And That Can’t Be." Do you get it? Next week, "If God Is ... Then ... But ..." Now, you can see I really narrowed down where I could go with that. But, as a matter of fact, I did know what I was doing or intending to do and it’s going to work, I think. Check with me afterwards, or I’ll check with you. This morning, "Then God Is ... And That Can’t Be." Then God is what? If John the Baptist was right, then God is a God of violence with a measure of vengeance slipping in, and that can’t be. Now, that’s a rather bold and simple declaration. If John the Baptist, if his preaching, was right, then God is a God of violence in terms of the final solution and there’s a bit of vengeance there, and I’m saying that can’t be. That’s not new at Christ Community, but perhaps the simplicity and the sincerity and the boldness of the declaration is simply one more turn of the screw. I am saying what has been said in various ways and various times - that Jesus moved away from John the Baptist, rejecting the vision and program of John the Baptist and created an alternative vision or program marked by a God of non-violence. Now, that was one of the key insights of John Dominic Crossan, and it has arisen out of his research into the New Testament and documents of that time, out of his © Grand Valley State University   �God Is…That Can’t Be Richard A. Rhem Page 2   quest for the historical Jesus. It’s not new here. There was an essay by Bishop Robinson, John A. T. Robinson, the Anglican back in the 60s; it’s an essay I’ve used here several times entitled, "John and Jesus," that contrast between John and Jesus set forth by Robinson some decades ago. It struck me then and I’ve preached it here a number of times, as you well remember. But, to set forth as clearly as I can this morning that contrast, I’m going to say it as simply and as boldly as I can - if John was right, God’s final solution involves violence and that can’t be. I don’t believe it, at least. It certainly can be, but I do not believe it is that which is reflected in the face of Jesus Christ. And that’s what this Lenten series is going to be all about - the God that is mirrored in a human face. The God that is mirrored in a human face, that face being Jesus, that God is a God of non-violent justice, to use Crossan’s description. And that God is set in contrast this morning with the image of God that is reflected through the ministry of John the Baptist. There was a time when I could not have been as clear and simple as that because I would have worried that somehow or another John the Baptist was also a prophet of God and is in the Bible and, therefore, I’ve got to somehow or other be able to put together John the Baptist’s ministry and vision and program and Jesus’ ministry and program. Didn’t the one prepare for the other? Didn’t the one set up the other? Wasn’t it all in the providence of God? And I say "No," because this book needs to be handled respectfully, carefully, and thoughtfully with reason and intuition. But it must not be an inerrant, infallible word of God that fell out of heaven so that everything in it I’ve got to be able to put in its little place. I wrote an article in a theological journal one day about the Bible; I entitled it "The Book That Binds Us." Of course, everyone thought what I meant was that the Bible binds us into community, but what I really meant was that the Bible binds us like cheese binds us. The reason we have been so unable to deal with the issues that arise in the scripture in an honest manner is that we are constipated by the Bible, spiritually constipated, and I find that, in all of my nurture and all of my education, I came to the Bible knowing the answers before I opened the book, and it is so refreshing to be able to go to the Bible with fresh eyes and to say, "What is here and how can we make sense of it?" I’m going to suggest to you this morning that, within this book, there is a vision and a program of John the Baptist that was rejected by Jesus because John’s vision and program involved a God whose final solution involved violence that borders on vengeance, and Jesus said that can’t be. Why is this so important? It is so important to get a proper fix on Jesus because Jesus is the human face that mirrors the nature and character of God for us, and the nature and character of God will determine our nature and character. You get it right in Jesus, you get it right in God. You get it right in God, and you’ll get right. You get wrong in Jesus, you’ll get wrong in God. You get wrong on God, and you get wrong right here. © Grand Valley State University �God Is…That Can’t Be Richard A. Rhem Page 3   One of the great problems of our world today is that there is more religion, Christian, Jew, Islamic, Muslim, that is modeled on the God of John the Baptist than the God of Jesus. The world is in great peril today. Our state department is worried about its embassies around the world. Our government is talking about the threat of terrorism and wondering how much the public should be informed about the real threats that are afoot today in our world. And the fuel of the terrorists is religious conviction. It is religious conviction that is drawn from an image of a violent God, to use Dom Crossan’s neat turn of a phrase, creating killer children of a killer God. It is so important to get straight on Jesus because Jesus is the mirror of the character of God and the character of the God we worship will shape our character and our community. Now, I’m going to say to you that Jesus and John were both marked by eschatology. That’s that long word that means the things pertaining to the end. Now, not necessarily the end of the planet, the stars, the sun, the moon, and the physical universe, but the end at least of a world that is structured by those in power, the structure of an age. In John’s time and Jesus’ time, it was the world of imperial Rome. If you want to know about a world at any given time, ask where the power lies. Where the power lies will determine the shape of an age. John and Jesus were both eschatological in that they believed that it was necessary for the world to end, that is, that world shaped by imperial Rome with power. A person who is marked by eschatology is a person who believes that there is something fundamentally wrong with the world; it is so fundamentally wrong that it cannot simply be tinkered with and fixed up a little bit here. The whole basis on which a world, a society, is structured is fundamentally wrong and it needs to be stood on its head. John thought so. Jesus thought so. Both of them were alike also in that what they believed about the end being of this world order and the issuing in of the kingdom of God was a mandate from heaven. This isn’t something they dreamed up in their sleep; this wasn’t something they arrived at after calling together a task force about the shape of things. This was something that was burned into their souls as a mandate from heaven, as a word from God. There was to be a radical intervention by God in order to turn the world upside down and to right its wrongness. John believed it; Jesus believed it. But, if you believe the world is fundamentally wrong and if you believe you have a divine mandate to right the wrong, then it will still have to be determined how you declare the message and how you live out the vision. Jesus began with John. John must have been his mentor. It is not unlikely that there was the assumption that Jesus would pick up the reins from John. But, at some point, Jesus said, "No." At some point Jesus said I can’t go that way. At some point Jesus distanced himself from John. We’ll see next week that he did it with great respect for this great prophet, but nonetheless, creating an alternative vision and an alternative program because essentially Jesus’s God was different than John’s God. John was eschatological in believing that there was something fundamentally wrong with the world and that God had called him to do something about it, and © Grand Valley State University �God Is…That Can’t Be Richard A. Rhem Page 4   the manner in which he did it was within apocalyptic eschatology, which means, in his terms, and they were general terms at the time, that God would soon intervene in a dramatic fashion into human history and that the wrath of God would be poured out on all unrighteousness and there would be a separation between the righteous and the unrighteous, and the unrighteous would be cast into eternal Hell and the winepress of the wrath of God would overflow. John was an apocalyptic; he believed at any moment the end would come and God would make the wrong right through an intervention that involved a judgment that was full of violence and that bordered on vengeance. Matthew’s Gospel tells us about John’s ministry down at the Jordan River; we’re familiar with that. They came out to see John and to hear him and to see what was going on, and he said, "You brood of vipers," and he looked at the one who was coming and he said his winnowing fork is in his hand and he’s going to separate the wheat from the chaff and the chaff will be burned with unquenchable fire. The commentator of the Anchor Bible Series of the Revelation of Jesus Christ in John, the last book in the New Testament, suggests that John the Baptist may have been the author of that revelation. That’s not been traditionally the understanding. Traditionally biblical scholarship does not think it is John the Evangelist, the one that wrote the fourth Gospel, but just some other prophet named John. But, there’s a pretty good argument for the fact that the material in the middle of the revelation may well have come from John the Baptist and the circle of John the Baptist, and that some Christian writer later on tacked on the first three chapters and the last chapter. If you take the first three chapters of Revelation and the last chapter away, you don’t have very much about Jesus Christ in there. It could as well be a Jewish apocalyptic. They’re looking for the same thing. They were expecting the same kind of imminent event, and there’s a pretty good argument for the fact that maybe it was out of John the Baptist himself or his circle, because there was a Baptist movement that was in competition with the Jesus movement. We can still see it in the layers of the New Testament, even though it’s handled very gracefully. Nonetheless, out of that John the Baptist movement may well have come a writing like the Revelation that we have at the end of our New Testament, and what is the picture? The picture is that there is going to be hell to pay; the wrath of God is ready to boil over; the command comes to stick the sickle in, to harvest the earth, to cast it into the wine press of the wrath of God, and to trample those grapes until the wine press overflows with blood, a river which is 200 miles long and up to the horses’ bridle. That’s tough stuff! If we lived in that Roman world and didn’t have any power and had no economic possibilities and we had the heel of an imperial power upon us with its legions marching up and down the streets, if we had seen our infants slaughtered, if we had seen our whole life blown up, our dreams shattered, if there seemed to be no © Grand Valley State University �God Is…That Can’t Be Richard A. Rhem Page 5   hope, if history had lost all possibility for us, well then, I mean, I can almost feel it now, can’t you? Doesn’t the human person get driven to a point where you want hell to be paid, don’t you want the wrath of God to be poured out on those powers that have warped and distorted the human situation, don’t you want God to do something about all of those structures and all of those forms that have caused the distortion of a world that is fundamentally wrong? If you live and you suffer in a world that is fundamentally wrong, don’t you cry out, "How long, O Lord, how long?" What happens to us when we see this fellow named King who dragged a black man for three miles down an asphalt road? What do you feel in your heart? What do you feel in your stomach? Do we want justice done? Would we mind a little vengeance thrown in? What do you feel when you see Milosovich in the Kosovo situation? How do you feel when you see a world leader such as Saddam Hussein who uses the people as a human shield, caring only for the possession of his own power and the preservation of his own life and using his people as fodder - what do you feel? Don’t you want God to do something? Don’t you wonder if there’s any justice in the world? Doesn’t it turn your stomach? Isn’t it easy to slip from justice to vengeance? Isn’t death by injection for Mr. King almost too good? Would anybody here cheer for putting a chain around his neck and dragging him three miles down an asphalt road? The very fact that I could think of that tells you what’s in my heart. So, I’m not going to criticize John the Baptist. I don’t know what he suffered; I don’t know what he saw. He believed it couldn’t go on that way because he did believe that God was right and righteous, and he did believe this world was wrong, and he did believe that God would do something about this world, and it couldn’t be too soon for John the Baptist. But the justice slipped into vengeance and it’s reflected in our New Testament documents. The God of John the Baptist is the God for whom the final solution involves violence and vengeance. And Jesus said, "That can’t be." It is so important that we see this clearly because, as I began, our character and our nature and the ambience of our community will be reflective of the character and the nature of God, and the character and the nature of God we gather from what is reflected in the face of Jesus. Get Jesus right, get God right, and then we’ll be right. References: John A. T. Robinson, “Elijah, John and Jesus,” Twelve New Testament Studies. SCM Press, 1962. © Grand Valley State University � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/bbc687e1ddd3cacb879d5c7c03088b8b.mp3 9a4c75183ed7635736b7f56beb4993f2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Event Lent II Series God In the Mirror of a Human Face, Lent II Scripture Text Revelation 14:20, Matthew 3:12 Location The location of the interview Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI References A.T. Robinson, "Elijah, John and Jesus," Twelve New Testament Studies, 1962 Simon Wiesenthal, The Sunflower, 1998 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01_RA-0-19990228 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1999-02-28 Title A name given to the resource Then God Is...And That Can't Be Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Sermons Relation A related resource Richard A. Rhem - An Archive of Sermons, Prayers, Talks and Stories: http://richardrhem.org/ Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 application/pdf Description An account of the resource A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on February 28, 1999 entitled "Then God Is...And That Can't Be", as part of the series "God In the Mirror of a Human Face, Lent II", on the occasion of Lent II, at Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI. Scripture references: Revelation 14:20, Matthew 3:12. Lent Nature of God Non-violent Justice https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e91939e6ee136589e2be657f39f60319.pdf d09b60f29bc97a0a7379a476780b7b94 PDF Text Text ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a0ad0d5f46710bb9397eeb97a290a226.pdf 9d1b993d46e64a48eea7e77296dd501b PDF Text Text Theodore Peticolas Diary, RHC-51 Transcription by Robert Beasecker [Front Cover] [Inside cover page blank] [Front Matter] Pocket Diary 1863 Title Page Counting House Almanac 1863 Distances and Time by railroad from New York Population of the United States (including totla slave pop 1850 + 1860) San Francisco Tides Eclipses in 1863 Rates of Postage Almanac of 1863 [Page 1] [note written above the date] Battle of Stones River. Wind South. Thursday, January 1, 1863 [Peticolas indicated the temperature three times for each entry] [Temp. 18,33,33] Lilla walked over this afternoon. Var. Fine day for the first but very cold this morning. Thawed very little. I did housework & read. Attend to the stock. Sent an article to the Country Gentleman on Borers and a letter to Julia. Hazy. Friday 2 [Temp. 37, 50, 30] I went to see Young about fixing fence. Var. Little sun today. Wind south. Preparing for a rain. Kake & Lou cut the dry woods in the garden then loused the rest of the day. I drove Conklins cows out twice after the[y] tore down the Fodder stacks. Cloudy. Saturday 3 [Temp. 46, 54, 50] Var. Very moderate today but Rained most of the forenoon. Jake hard to manage today. Shirked his work. Went down to fix the fence to keep out Conklins cows. I was very unwell and feverish today. [Page 2] �Sunday 4 [Temp. 50, 54, 52] Var. Rained all the forenoon. Cleared off after dawn and was splendid. I had a dreadful bad night. Fever & restlessness. I did nothing but read and took one little tramp but was afraid of the damp to stagout. Monday 5 [see symbol] [Temp. 34, 52, 48] Julia did not come. Var. Very fine day but too damp for us to be out much. Geo. Young fixed the fence to keep Conklins Cows out. John came and got a barrel of Cider out of the cellar. Mr. Ducket made us a long visit this afternoon. Hazy. Tuesday 6 [Temp. 36, 46, 24] Jul did not come. Note from Del. Rained this morning. Quit soon after breakfast turning cold very rapidly. Jake sawed wood, took up two Junipers & planted themselves at the graveyard. Lou took shafts down to Wilimngtons. Cloudy & windy.[Page 3] Wednesday, January 7, 1863 [Temp. 18, 28, 20] Var. very cold all day. Jake began digging a new grape border front of the cowhouse. Mrs. Dickinson of Kale did a big wash. I did nothing but read [?] I got home, sick as usual. Closed[?] Thursday 8 [Temp. 23, 39. 20] Sherman attacks Vicksburg. Snowed in the night & part of today about an inch & a half. Jake sawed some & sled[?] some stac'd in the house & began Les Miserables. The day was very dull & I had the [?] Friday 9 [Temp. 24, 34, 34] Codfish dinner. Var., still cold but moderating a little. Jake sawed a little wood & fooled corn dealt.[?] Time away I read to the girls & did housework. Cloudy. [Page 4] Saturday, January 10, 1863 [Temp. 44, 48, 36] �Var. This has been a very moderately cool day after a homendow [?] hard wind & rain this morning, all the snow has all disappeared. Jake sawed some wood. Clear. [seperation symbol] Read Les Miserables. Sunday 11 [Temp. 34, 40, 36] Was a very fine day, but was too stick to go out. I had a wet compress on my throat which gave me a worse cold than I ever had in my life. Jake went store. Lick on Prince. [?] Clear. Monday 12 [Temp. 28, 54, 44] Kate & Lou went to town. Splendid spring day but i could not go out being too sick running rose and splitting headache. Jake spaded. Raspberries [?] went to Sallie's afternoon. Her photograph came to night. Hazy. [Page 5] [Top of page containing date missing] [Temp. 60,59] Cloudy all day. [words missing] like looks like rain. I had a terrible night, fever & bursting headache. Jake & Frank hauled Foddes [?]. I feel better tonight I have felt for three days. [?] is better too. Cloudy. [Page 6][top of page containing date missing. First words of text in the entry are also missing]. [Temp. 18, 22, 13 this morning. This is the deepest snow we have ever had --- more than ten feet. [?] quite sick, and I not much better. I coughed this morning dreadfully. Jake made baths & sawed some. Cloudy. Saturday 17 B.[Temp. 6, 18, 2] Var. Cloudy nearly all day and very cold. No thaw. Jake sawed wood & went to the store after Ink. I have been quite unwell all day. Clear. Sunday 18 [Temp. 6, 34, 22] Sunshine all day, moderate. Some wind South but still very cold. I coughed very badly this morning but am a little better. Lou made to the post office. Clear. [Page 7] [Temp. 22, 40, 37] �Mr. Adams arrived unexpected. Cloudy all day, began misting about 4 PM & still continues. Should it turn to a rain it will produce a flood. Jake sawed. I finished reading the 2nd vol of Les Miserables. Drizzling. Tuesday 20 Wednesday 21 [Temp. 32, 31, 34] Kate and Mr. Adams left in the bus [?]. Snowed in the night a little but thawed all day. Jake was off all day rabbit hunting again. I coughed all night the worst yet and I dread tonight. Emor[?] called to see me today. Cloudy. [Page 8] Thursday, January 22, 1863 [Temp. 34, 36, 33] Cloudy all day not cold. Cloudy all day not cold. Thawing slowly. Jake shelled corn and went to mill but did not get it ground got chopped but no Brase. Julia washed. Cloudy --- headache all day. Friday 23 [Temp. 33, 40, 40) Kate, Del & children came out. Var cloudy all day. Rained since dark, Jake lasoed (?) some. Carried hay over to the barn. I hit a [?] of Rockers to my arm chair & nearly sawed off my thumb. Drizzling.Kate got books for camp. Saturday 24 [Temp. 44, 54, 48] Var. cloudy nearly all day. Very moderate for the season. Snow rappidly disappearing. Jake off again all forenoon. Jule [?] scrubbed kitchen. Cloudy [seperation symbol] my cold better. [Page 9] Sunday, January 25, 1863 [Temp. 36, 50, 46] Cloudy all day and very warm looking very much like rain. Snow entirely gone. Making the road area [?] I had the horrors terribly. John called. Judy & I had a [?] with him. [Monday 26] [Temp. 50, 50, 42] �Cloudy and rainy all day. Jake went to mill after our meal. Got chopped & Bran. I assorted 16 as [?] to him it out. No name found. Two Nos missing concluded to read it so. Everybody got town's[?] diarreah. Raining. Tuesday 27 [Temp. 33, 33, 28] Rain turned to snow. Snowed nearly all day very fine but melted as it fell. Jake sawed & shel'd wood all day. We began reading Gollum's late of no name. Had codfish for dinner. Lou very sick. Cholera. [?] [Page 10] Wednesday, January 28, 1863. [Temp. 22, 26, 20] Ms. Dickinson washed. Snowed in the night about 2 inches. Turning cold. Jake sawed wood, went to [?] our Prince[?] Got a wrench. I wrote to {blank}[?] & to Kaspers. Wrote advertisements but forgot to send them. Clear. Thursday 29 [Temp. 20, 39, 36] Mr. Dicket called. Var. moderated some, wind south, Jake sawed wood until noon when he left for the rest of the day. I got croton oil in my eyes causing excruciating pain for several hours. Del & Jul called on [?] Friday 30 Snow again last night. A little colder today. Jake sawed a little wood. Hard to keep at his work. Del spent the day at Jenkins. I put a new valve in th[e] [?] Broke the shovel off soldere & it on again. [Page 11] Saturday, January 31, 1863. [Temp. 21, 40, 33] Garrison came out tonight. Cloudy all day. Moderated some. Jake hauled over some hay from the woodhouse loft and sawed some wood. I read No Name to the girls. Pd. Butcher's Bill $500. Cloudy. Sunday, February 1 Had oysters for dinner. Var. Rained nearly all the forenoon very [?] all day. Jake went to East Liberty with a note from me to John. Took both horses & Frank D. without leave. Clear. Eggnog. Monday 2 �[Temp. 15, 30, 20] Garrison left in the [?] Var. very cold in the morning & all day. I read no name part of the day. [?] Jake up for not feeding Girls. Went to Gonklins [?] to tea. I went to see young & Dickets about getting a boy. Got no satisfaction. Hazy. [Page 12] Jul still suffering from Porerigo[?] Tuesday, February 3, 1863 [Temp. 7, 13, 8] Kate went to town today. Var. One of the coldest nights and days this winter. Jake began hauling wood from Keltman [?] I read Life of Grimalde aloud of No Name to go on. Clear. B. Wednesday 4. [Temp. 12, 23, 21] Var. Moderated a little in the night. Jake hauled wood from Keltman & went to the store. I did nothing but housework and read. Del went to young, and I paid for butter. Cloudy. Thursday 5 [see symbol] [Temp. 24, 26, 24] Del & Children left in the [?] Snowed in the night and all day. Jul & I spent the day & took dinner [?] John had hard pulling through the snow. Jake I suppose did nothing. Snowing a little. [Page 13] Friday, February 6, 1863 [Temp. 15, 21, 14] Var. very cold all. Snowed a little this morning. Snow about 9 inches to a foot. Jake sawed wood & went to P.O. on Prince. I finished No Name, Kaspers came last night. Two letters for Kate. Saturday 7. [see symbol] [Temp. 10, 38, 34] Jake and Lou hauled hay fr. Woodh. Var. Sun shone considerably. Moderated, Clouded over towards evening. Bennet called to see about trees. I read Grimaldy to Jul. Jake lost all morning. Sunday 8 [Temp. 38, 42, 38] B. Cloudy all day. Moderated. Very much thawing. Musting since dark. Wrote out my article on Fieldmice for the {Country Gent} & a letter to Mr Emmons. Jake went home on Tom & got home to [?] [Page 14] �Monday, February 9, 1863. [Temp. 42, 50, 49] Var. cloudy & misty. Jake sawed some wood & assorted & wiped apples in the cellar. Lou & I went to Willowville for Butter. Paid up a couple of bills for nursery sale. Cloudy. Tuesday 10 B. Lou sick and suffering very much. Var. cleared off towards night. Not very cold. Jake oiled the harness. Left after dinner for home. I sent a letter to Kate & one to Money advertisement. Sent for coal oil. Clear. Wednesday 11 Rained from noon until night. Cloudy & murky looking day. Jake hauled wood from Keltmans & sawed some. Jill being sick I did all the housework. I did not feel right by any means. Kate did not come. Lilla[?] walled over. Raining. [Page 15] Thursday, February 12, 1863 [Temp. 34, 30, 34] Kate got home at last. Rained shortly after breakfast & continued hard until noon. Remained cloudy. Jill very unwell bad sorethroat and hoarse. I read considerably aloud. Sugar & Coffee did not come. Dark & Cloudy. Friday 13 [see symbol] [Temp. 34, 35, 34] Cloudy all day. Wind south. Looks like snow. Jake as usual fooled away his time. Sawed a little wood. John called & took dinner with us talked us crazy. Sugar & Coffee came but Papers forgotten. Cloudy. Saturday 14 [Temp. 32, 56, 53] B. Cloudy all day. Began raining about 2 P.M. & continued until 8 P.M. Some stars but too warm Lou & Jake went to mill. Jake rode to store. Sick the only [?] got home at 3 PM. I walked doing in the nursery. Looked at the wheat. Cloudy. [Page 16] Sunday, February 15, 1863 [see symbol] [Temp. 44, 46, 32] �Var. very fine day. Lou & I made up our minds to go to town, in the Buggy. After a pleasant cool ride we got to Del's about 5 P.M. or half past 4. We left home at 1/2 past 12. Del washed at home. Clear. Monday 16 [Temp. 26,48,40] Var. cloudy most of the day. Quite cold. Jake fooled his time away chopping. I called on Ms. Gibson who [?] me very kindly [?] on my lunching [?] Del's [underlined]{Swing Machine} on the buggy, left Lou in town. Cloudy. Tuesday 17 [Temp. 34,42,39] Sent coffee back to George. Raining when we got up. Continued nearly all forenoon. Jake & Rob D. sawed and split wood. Kate ran the [underlined] {Machine} all day. Old woman came to see if we could give her work. Gave her supplies & put her to work[?] Cloudy. [Page 17] Wednesday, February 18, 1863 [Temp. 40,44,44] Raining again this morning. Drizzled most of the day. Dutch man got twenty appletrees. I had to be out in the mist. Jake made labels nearly all day. Very dark & cloudy. Thursday 19 Lou & Jake gone to Young Pasty. Rain every morning. Sun shone a few minutes this afternoon. I had a slight chill tonight and for the two previous days. I hung up the Hams & made smoke. Jake finished the Labels 500. [underlined]{Raining, wind.} Friday 20 We got four [underlined]{Hens} from Mr. Teal. Var. Cleared off at last. Sun shone toward evening. Jack went home & back by supertime. I was quick unwell had a [underlined] {hot fever}. Excruciating pain in the head. Mr. Conklin and sister called after tea to invite us to dinner on Sunday. [Page 18] Saturday, February 21, 1863 [Temp. 28, 31, 26] Cloudy all day turning cold. Jake & Bob D. hauled hay from the woodhouse loft to the barn. I missed my fever & feel a little better. Got a letter from Ed to Lou[?] with some prospect for a loan. Snowing. �Sunday 22 [Temp. 25, 31, 19] Snowing snowed all night and great [?] of the day very fine. Snow about 8 inches deep. Being the [underlined]{third deep snow this} winter. Kate & I went to Conklins to a late dinner of turkey oysters. Quite[?] considerate of a Conkin [?] Cloudy. Monday 23 [Temp. 8, 26, 17 1/2] Lou got home. Very cold. Var. clear nearly all day. Jack went to [?] and posted some of our bills. Sawed a little. His father called and settled with one for Jake, Conklins came over after tea & took eggnog & cake. Cloudy. [Page 19] [note above the date] Tuesday, 24, 1863 [Temp. 22,42,37] I wrote to Del. Jul wrote to Ed. Var. clear most of the day. Moderated very much. Jake hauled some wood. Kline got 38 trees. Kept one nearly three hours in the slushy snow it will give a fine cold. I am sick. Cloudy. Wednesday 25 [Temp. 32,55,51] Var. Moderated considering[?] Jake hauled wood all day. Made four loads. Read Les Miserables to the girls. Jake & Lou gone to Sugar Camp. Another letter [?] Ed about the loan. Thursday 26 [see symbol] [Temp. 33, 39, 34] Var. Looked like rain all day. [?] my going to Pataria[?] Jake shelled corn & measured [?]. I cut Grafts. [?] Jake hauled wood for Dickinson. Cloudy & warm. [Page 20] Friday, February 27, 1863 Archy Woodruff died today.[Temp. 53, 60, 34] Two months younger than me. Var. Splendid spring day. Jake stacked and sawed wood. I went to Bataria Recorders office to get mortgages to [?] wheat and corn. Denied with Lindey Moore, got corn} ground. Saturday 28 [Temp. 32, 52, 44] �Drizzled a little this evening. Var. rather cold, first very fine but muddy. Lent Jake to Bataria to the Recorder. Bid Broadwell receipt would not answer to cancel the mortgage. Two men called to look at the nursery. I made catalogue for the nursery. Cloudy. Sunday, March 1 [Temp. 40, 41, 32] Cloudy all day. Turned colder. I read Les Miserables nearly all day. Finished the fourth vol. Jake been gone all day not home yet. Hope for a fine day tommorow. Clear and cool, quite windy today. [Page 21] Monday, March 2, 1863 [Temp. 34, 40, 32] Var. Cold. Spit snow a few. A small number of men assembled in the woodhouse & bid so meanly that I was perfectly discouraged. The whole sale only amounted to about $70. Voyela Gallaire. Clear. Tuesday 3 [see symbol] [Temp. 32, 33, 26] We finished Les Miserables. Snowed in the night and some this morning. I made out all the bills of the sale of Trees. Kate & Jake started for town in the wagon, taking the sawing machine home. Prince got away from Lou at Willowville. Clear & cold. Wednesday 4 [see symbol] [Temp. 23, 31, 23] Var. very cold for the season. Peaches will certainly suffer tonight. Jake got home about 4 P.M. Brought out Beatshead & Mattress. I coppied mortgage. Got dissapointed in a horse to go to Broadwells. Ms. Conklin called. Clear & cold. [Page 22] Some prospect of getting money of [?] Thursday, March 5, 1863 [Temp. 18, 32, 35] Var. very cold. This morning I borrowed Mrs. Teal's Horse & rode to bull & Sam Edwards to see about the old mortgage but could not find it. Jul & I went to Bea after dinner, seymed[?] Dels mortgage. I went to Mill. Called on Ms. Bond. Got home after dark in the snow --- nearly frozen. Drizzling. Friday 6 �[Temp. 40, 44, 41] Rained a little in the night. Musted all day. Snow entirely gone. Jake sawed some wood. Feel very sore from yesterday's exploits. Read Night and Morning to Jul Most of the day. Sent to Conklins and bought a cock. Misty. Saturday 7 [Temp. 34, 37, 32] Read Night and Morning. Rained pretty hard in the night. Everythig underwater. Kitchen all afloat. Sudden leak in the roof. Nasty all day. Cold in my head, in great pain all day, effects of my ride and exposure. Cold & Cloudy. [Page 23] Wrote to Kate. Sunday, March 8, 1863 [Temp. 31, 40, 36] Read Night and Morning. Var. Snowed & rained in the night. Froze a little. Very disagreeable day. Snow and rain mixed this afternoon feel. Geo. Young got Jake to drive him & family up to Del's old place. Jul then rode Tom over to Sallie's & has not got back. Drizzling. Monday 9 [Temp. 31, 38, 30] Del wood saw. Jul got home to dinner. Var. Clear great part of the day but cold & raw. I sel[?] Jake to trimming vines. I begin writing labels. Finished Night & Morning, it is splendid. No news from Bil Edwards. Cloudy --- about the old mortgage. Tuesday 10 Tuesday 10 Began Paul Clifford. Var. Some sun today but very raw. Jake cut some vines. I walked down to John Lanes & waited an hour or two then got no real satisfaction about the money. Jake took Tom and hauled wood for Conklins. Hazy. [Page 24] Wednesday, March 11, 1863 [Temp. 31, 40, 39] I filed and sel woodsaw. Var. cold wind Howling all night and all day. Set Jake to cutting up the pond hedge at Jul's portion. [?] request, she went to Conklins a few minutes & I to Youngs. The Milles called for the trees but it was too cold. Clear. �Thursday 12 [see symbol] [Temp. 24, 32, 16] George Young began choppnig wood. Var. very cold. Real winter day. Jake hauled up the last of the Fodder, then hauled wood. Lou had a long race after the buss which passed before us knew it. Mrs. [?] & man stopped & dined with us. Clear & cold. Friday 13 [Temp. 16, 34 ,29] Sent Kales things down & Del's butter. Var. Bitter cold this morning not so bad a yesterday. Jake hauled wood & one of old Rails from the Pasture hill. I walked down to the nursery then over to Hellmans woods to look at our wood then home to read Paul Clifford. Cloudy. [Page 25] Saturday, March 14, 1863[Temp. 30, 48, 40] Var. Moderated very much. Very pleasant. Jake hauled one load of wood & sawed some. Cut off some of the Hedge in front. I went to Arluss [?] crawfish but did not find him [?] at home. Got a letter from Del about the loan. Clear. Sunday 15 [Temp. 36, 41, 49] Var. Splendid spring day. Very warm. Sent Jake home. Jul & I took a horseback ride. I rode Prince, she went very well indeed. We walked up to Ducket's to see about the fence. I found That Young could not come. Clear. Monday 16 [Temp. 30, 30, 38] Var. White frost. Splendid day. I went to town. I got $600 of Harrison on mortgage & brot[?] out a contraband name Charley from Arkansas. Julia spent the day at Camp Dennison with Conklins. Clear. [Page 26] Tuesday, March 17, 1863 [see symbol] [Temp. 39,69,60] Jul drove over to Sallie's. Var. Splendid spring day. Slight white forst. Kelly & Cole came and I got their trees we dug all day. Gomez got $1.00 worth. I was on foot all day. Very tired. Smokey and cloudy. �Wednesday 18 [Temp. 50, 52, 40] Jul went to Gasmel[?] Var. rather cloudy. Col breeze. Trees all day I dug a few. Made a list or map of the new nursery. Fuller got his 35 trees. Ducket called this evening to see about the fence. Hazy. Thursday 19 [Temp. 31, 32, 33] Charley and Jul washed. Sleet this morning shuck us on arising this morinng & has continued all day being one of the heaviest we have had for a year. Sending the Cedars down awfully. Mrs. Young called & settled her milk & butter bill & the Negro question. Drizzling and freezing. [Page 27] [note written above the date] Polly called at noon[;] wrote to Kate. Friday, March 20, 1863 [Temp. 33, 33, 37] Sleet entirely disappeared this morning. Rained very hard in the night, growing saturated and water. Charley cut straw & sawed wood. Did more warming than anything else. Drizzling. Saturday 21 [Temp. 44, 69, 47] Rained hard again in the night. Charley went to Moore's Mill & brought home $4.00 worth of ship stuff 9 bushels. I was out a great deal today. Cut some Pear grafts. Jul & I went to Conklins after supper. Clear. Sunday 22 Sallie & D walked over, Jul of the way home took the party. Var. Splendid, day quite warm but very damp ground saturated again with water; I got such a cold yesterday by being out on damp ground that I was forced to stay in much more than I intended. Peaches and cherries all safe yet. Cloudy. [Page 28] [note written above the date] [Temp. 55, 69, 62] I sold and dug 4 May Cherries. Monday, March 23, 1863 Mrs. Kennedy walked over. Var. Sun came out hot. Hard rain in the night with some thunder. The frost of the season. Charley dug new trees all day. I was out humming & making Currant Cutting & planting where they were missing. Cloudy. Began saving milk. �Tuesday 24 [see symbol] [Temp. 57, 45, 42] Ms. K left in the Buss.[?] Rained hard again in the night & several times to day. Charley dug a few trees but found it to be muddy. He sawed wood. I did nothing but sneeze. I catch cold. Jim Hazel called to inform us that we are to mobbed. Raining. Wednesday 25 Var. Rained in the night & today, sleet & snow. Thermometer fell since morning. Charley sawed wood. I rode over to Johnsons to brrow his gun to sefret[?] invasion, but he laughed at me being certain they would not dare do it. Snowing. [Page 29] [note written above the date] McShields[?] No 22 McFarland sheet Thursday, March 26, 1863 [Temp. 28, 36, 29] [see symbol] Cloudy, & spit snow all day. Very raw & cold. Charley sawed wood & warmed his feet, I took the wasgon to be mended, talked to the neighbors about overwhelmed [?] invasion but they think it all tosh. Jul went to Mrs Leal's. Anche[?] badly. [?] & cold. Friday 27 [Temp. 28,48,45] Jul rode to Sallie's, fell off some & shamed[?] her. Var. Very heavy white frost. Geo. Hellman came with G. Young with G. Young & dug his trees, about 200 paid for them at 7 cents. Charley dug par of the day, went to Lane's & got 1/4 ton of Timothy Hay. Cloudy. I am very tired. [underlined]{First Butter}. Saturday 28 [Temp. 42, 58, 35]Var. Cloudy most of the day. Some sunshine. Charley and I transplanted the large Princes fig near the Pit to the Pigpen we went hence to the Teals for chickens got four instead of six. Jul is very much better today. Clear & cloudy. [Page 30] Sunday, March 29, 1863 [see symbol] [Temp. 24, 36, 31] Var. cold as midicruter[?]. Cold wind all day. I took a tramp all over the orchard. Found the Peach buds safe yet but there will not be a heavy crop if they are not kitted. Conklins called this evening. Clear. �Monday 30 [Temp. 23, 45, 32] Jul went to Garmel, I wrote to Ms. Shields. Moderated a little. Drunken Dutch man & got 50 trees in the mud. Charley dug up & planted the German Prime in the Pig Pen. I read all until monthly to Jul. Got tow more chickens of Mrs. Leal. Hazy. Tuesday 31 [Temp. 30, 26, 28] Var. Very cold. Wind all day disagreeable & saw snowed several times. I went to Duckets & had a talk about slanders &c. Charley could only saw wood. I had chilly and bad feeling all afternoon. Clouds & high wind. [Page 31] [note written above the date] My watch went with the money. [Temp. 22, 42, 22] Wednesday, April 1, 1863 We know that Charley stole the money. Var. Very cold. Tornado all night, lulled about 5 o'clock A.M. Discovered that we had been robbed of about $15 out of the pocket of my diary, the window propped with a book & chair on the outside all sham. Clear moderating. Thursday 2 [Temp. 48, 60, 44] We just discovered the loss of my watch. Var. very light wind all night & today. Moderated very much. Mr. Aymes[?] & dug 350 trees. We had a day serenade of Copperhead whole[?] us a Lincolns sign or banner[?] over front gate abrised Mrs. Conklin. Friday 3 [see symbol] [Temp. 33, 42, 36] Jul got Egg from Blanch & set a Hen. Var. great variety of weather today. Wind drizzling snow. We took a walk down to the nursery & back. I went three or four times to keep Charley at work. He dug trees. I made a map or catalogue of the old nursery. Clear. [Page 32] [note written above the date] I met Mrs. Williamson at Del's and [?] Sunday, April 5, 1863 [Temp. 32, 58, 55] �Found the [?] very bad work Whoop [?] Var. very fine day. Charley spaded some beds in the garden. I went to town after dinner and called on Mrs. Shields to see about her son. She agreed to send him out on Wednesday. Clear. Sunday 5 Froggs. White frost. Clear but smokey in town. I left Del & called on Mrs. Shields & persuaded her to let William come out with me in the buggy. I found Sallie & the doctor at dinner which pleased very much. He fortunately came over last night. Raining. Monday 6 [Temp. 32, 46, 31] Sent for the other 1/4 ton of Hay. White frost. Var. very rain and cold. Wind all day. Teal & McGuire cmae for their trees. I had to go out and attend to digging and was so chilled thorugh that I had a 4 hours chill. Tongue swelled so that I could not talk for pain than fever. Jul sent for Dennis. Moan Emetic & Calomel & sweated. [Page 33] Tuesday, April 7, 1863 [Temp. 32, 42, 36] Dr. Dennis called again. Var. Still rain with white forst. Boys worked at the garden bed & with Julia planted onions. I laid a bed all day being much better. Look salts. Tongue still very painful & throat very sore but evidently mending. Wednesday 8 [Temp. 30, 45, 33] White frost. Byos dug trees & planted the first Pears. Var. Sun shone nearly all day. Very cold for the time of year. The longest continuation I ever knew in April. Bennel[?] came for his trees. Julia attended to the delivery. She planted 19 hills of Potatoes in the garden. Clear and cold. Thursday 9 [Temp. 26, 36, 44] Mary Games[?] came in the Buss. Clear all day moderated very much. Boys dig trees all the afternoon. They quarreled this morning. I makred trees for them to dig. I put the Cmiela[?] (which is splendid) out in front [?] Mrs. Conklin child Lucy died at about 3 P.M. Clear. [Page 34] [note written above the date] [?] seed came. Friday, April 10, 1863 �Ursham[?] called to see about his trees. Very smokey & hazy all day. Turned suddenly warm. Real Indian summer. Great lassitude[?] Jul went to town with Conklin to get things for the dead baby. Mary cooked. I sel Wil[?] to him [?] vineyard and horses & [?] orchard all day. Smokey. I rode to Lanes on Prince. Saturday 11 [Temp. 60, 48, 59] Jul was at Conklins all afternoon helping. Smokey all day. Thunder & a shower since supper, Wil trimmed in the vineyard. Old Ben Jones got 12 trees. I planted three May cherries with the most excruciating pain in any side immaginiable [imaginable]. Cloudy. Sunday 12 [see symbol] [Temp. 44, 46, 44] Cloudy all day. Jul has been to Conklins ever since dinner waiting to fix the baby. I put a mustard plaster on my side last night & again today, the pain abates very slowly. Fever blisters all around my mouth. Cloudy. [Page 35] [note written above the date] [?] to old nursery at 2 cent to town. Monday, April 13, 1863 [Temp. 41, 55, 46] Jul went with Buggy to the Funeral. Var. Splendid day. I was too unwell to be out. The Withanes came & took just what trees they liked. Enor[?] Johnson got his 40. I had to apply another mustard plaster to my side & it is not well yet. Boys dug trees all day. Clear. Tuesday 14 [Temp. 42, 55, 54] Jul not home yet. Var. Drizzled a little towards night. Boys worked at the [?] all day. Jones got six apple trees. I have been suffering with excruciating pain in my side. Mustard does no good. I am applying Croton oil. Cloudy. Wednesday 15 [Temp. 46, 35, 37] Swallows. Jul & Del with Baby came with Buggie. Rained in the night and a little this morning. Boys dug a little for Blackberrybed. Two men came for trees, being too unwell to attend, [?] I had to bus Willy[?] Charley washed his clothes. I have suffered horribly with my side all day. [Page 36] [note written above the date] Got 1/4 ton of hay from Hellman's Thursday, April 16, 1863 �[Temp. 47, 55, 50] Mary left Buss[?] for Bataria. Raining this morning. Soon stopped. Boys shaded & dug some trees. McGuire got a few and Witham got a few & swindled me out of the number to[?] I suffered awfully all day with my side & back. Cloudy. Friday 17 [Temp. 46, 64, 52] Var. The smost spring like day we have had for some time. Many [underlibed]{Peaches in bloom}. Boys got in Ton of Hay from Martins. Will trimmed Black [?] and spaded. I put the pram[?] & sash on the hot bed. Clear. Peas up.[?] Saturday 18 [Temp. 44, 78, 67] Kate got home but left Lou behind. Clear all day. Summer all at once. 34 [degree] change in G house [greenhouse]. I was out all day. Perfectly warm out. Hot fever about suppertime. Got out [?] news of Blackbeanes[?]. Took up 20 young Bartletts out of old. Charley began planting nursery. [Page 37] [note written above the date] Set a hem. Sunday, April 19, 1863 [Temp. 54, 60, 45] Threatened with Whittetoe. Var. Showered several times today. Very fine before noon. I walked round considerably interided to hamsplant[?] Cherries but the rain prevented me. Charley showing strange symptoms. Clear. Monday 20 [Temp. 38, 70, 61] Set a hem. Too full. Mary came. Del could not get off buss. Var. Splendid warm day. Charley pushed ploughing for Potatoes & began Currant. [?] planted seed in Kolbed[?] 8 day. Earlier than last year, will cut potatoes. I made grafting cloth & put in a few Pears. Planted Peas. Tuesday 21 [Temp. 30, 75, 54] Del. got off & Lou came tonight. Var. a little windy. Charley [?] & furrowed[?] two spaces & planted the first potatoes. I took up all the cherries in the old nursery. I planted them in the garden in a trench. Grafted the first pears. Mrs. Teal got apple trees. Raining. [Page 38] [note written above the date] Sold Polleys [?] �Wednesday, April 22, 1863 [see symbol] [Temp. 54, 64, 51] Mary got off in Buss. Rained very hard in the night. Fine all day. Began again since dark. I set the boys to spading the vineyard. I dared not venture out much. Jul & I went over to Sallie's. Raining hard. Put horses in the pasture. Thursday 23 [see symbol above the date] [Temp. 46, 54, 50] Chalrey fixed fence across creek. Rained hard in the night again. Showery. Boys spaded in the vineyard. Very bad day for me. Took cold sore throat & hoarse pulled[?] a manificent[?] Camielia[?]. Plums & peaches all in bloom. Also some pears. Cloudy. Friday 24 [Temp. 50, 70, 50] Pears opening. Var. Splendid day, very heavy dew. Boys worked in the vineyard. I grafted Giffard, Clion[?], & Madeline Pears & Krowser apples. [?] broke and I got a fall. Charley takes sick again. Clear. [Page 39] [note written above the date] Push safe[?] the hen with clever young. Saturday, April 25, 1863 [Temp. 46, 61, 49] Jul left for town. Var. Splendid day but windy & rather cool too. Cool to graft although I put in a few [?] Boys worked in the vineyard. I made a hen coop for the hen which has hatched. Clear. Got two pigs. Sunday 26 [Temp. 40, 65, 55] John called & showed some graft he had put in. Hazy but very pleasant. Not warm enough to graft. I trimmed off suckers & laterals in front of young apples, staked & had blackberries & tanned leaks on kitchen roof besides [?] considerably all over the orchard. Cloudy. Monday 27 Mary did not come. Var. cool at sunrise but turned warm. Cloudy. Boys planted Peas, onions, & okrah. I rode Prince to Willowville[?] & got well jolted[?] Wrote to Jul. Coffee & Curtain[?] stuff came tonight. Charley lie a vines. [Page 40] [note written above the date] Gave Tom salls, he is very costure[?] Tuesday, April 28, 1863 �[Temp. 58, 68, 54] Mary fooled us again. Var. showery & drizzly all day. Charley tied a few [?]. Will & Lou went off after Pigs & did not get back until suppertime. Lou quite sick. I made grafting cloth over & went after the bogs got damp. Took cold. Raining. Wednesday 29 [Temp. 50, 64 ,53] Var. Very heavy dew. Must have rained some in the night. Will took it unto his head to go home. I let him go. Charley [?] vines all day. Poor Tom sick yet does not [?]. I grafted apples and pears. Clear. Thursday 30 [see symbol] [Temp. 50, 70, 50] Jul got home tonight. Var. Clear nearly all day. Magnificent day. I grafted [?]. Charley tied vines. I rode on Prince to Johnsons to find out what to do for Tom. I gave him an injection[?]. His washingtons are in bloom. Clear. [Page 41] [note written above the date] Sent 4 lbs butter to Lanes Friday, May 1, 1863 [Temp. 43, 77, 57] Asparagus. Var. Splendid day. Every thing in bloom. We put Prince in the wagon with Tom for the first time. He worked an old horse. Charley & Lou spaded a bed in the garden. Shucked up brush. I grafted pears and apples. Clear. Saturday 2 [Temp. 50, 80, 68] Wrote to the Commercial[?] Var. Very splendid day. Very warm. The boys wed Moore's seedling Strawberry and Wilsons albany[?] I trimmed house vines and grafted a little. Took Howers[?] out of Pot & put out two Roses. Kate raked trash. Cloudy. Sunday 3 [see symbol] [Temp. 57, 63, 59] Wrote to Robinson for [?] grape cutting. Var. Misted nearly all day. I was confined to the house nearly all day. Did nothig but read, took small[?] out of the cellar. Rained about dark. Girls went to Conklins. Teals & Blanchard[?] Misting. Hen came out with 9 young ones. [Page 42] �[note written above the date] Heard Cookoo today. Monday, May 4, 1863 [Temp. 58, 76, 61] I grafted pears on Silver [?] Var. Splendid day very damp having rained in the night. Charley worked at the Pasture fence & tied strawberries. Will went off after breakfast & fooled two hours so I sent him home after dinner. Raining. Tuesday 5 [Temp. 58, 66, 50] I planted snap & Lima Beans. Girls began cleaning house. Rained in the night. Several showers today with a sprinkle of hail. Charley & Tommy Sturgis the new boy & Lou shelled corn. I grafted Hubbs ditons[?] & cut off accidentally a new seedling apple bloom. Mr. Sturgis s washed. Clean & cool. Wednesday 6 [Temp. 48,, 56, 48] Very cloudy. Girls & two wmen cleaned house. Cloudy all day with a cool N.W. wind all day. Too cold for grafting although I did some Pears. Boys trenched al arge bed for Beets & Planted[?] it. I spaded a strip for Mooses[?] seedling & I planted it. Bummed[?] vines. Willy Came in Buss & brot a letter to his mother. [Page 43] [Temp. 44, 47, 43] Sent Willy home this morning in the Buss. Cloudy & rain all day. Drizzled after supper, very bad for the fruit. Boys spade a bed in the garden [?] stacks & burnt trash in old nursery. Jul & I rode over to Sallies with Tom. I saw Jones about fixing buggy. Raining. Friday 8 [Temp. 44, 68, 52] Brot. Plants out of the cellar. Var. cleared off smokey. Turned warm but I fear mildew has been induced by the raw weather. Boys wed Strawberries & trimmed vines. I grafted Pears & I went to the mill & got 3 bushels corn ground weighed 130 lbs. Saturday 9 [Temp. 45, 76, 60] Ed came in Buss. Spit out melons. Var. the weather has returned to its higher state having been on a cool [?] for two days. We had Prince in the plow and he worked first rate. Ploughed tow spaces. Got in the first Sugar Corn & some [?] Sugar Cane. I tarred the shed roof. Got out the Stove. Clear. [Page 44] �Sunday, May 10, 1863 [Temp. 60, 80, 70] [?] Shadoans had their had their Smokehouse. Var. very warm. I was very sick all night with Cholera morbus vomiting and purging & fever & headache all day. Lou went after hadoan & Sallie & took them home. Conklins took dinner. John called & went all over the place. Cloud. Monday 11 [Temp. 63, 84, 71] Jane much better but evry weak. Clear all day. Will Johnson began ploughing the woods cornfield. Boys burtn trash, planted sugar cane & hoed Strawberries. I hooped water barrel, & Jul & I went huntin.Turkey, Eggs, got 8 & set a hen. Clear. Tuesday 12 [see symbol] Spell[?] of vertigo before I got up. Var. warm all day but pleasant. Charley furrowed some of the wood, lot. I tarred the corn & they willed it in. I did some Bartlett Pear grafting nearly the last. Cleaned out Rochelle [?]. Clear. [note written above the date] Pink Boursaull[?] open. <br [Page 45] Wednesday, May 13, 1863 [Temp. 61, 64, 57] Var. Showery & misty nearly all day. Mr.Johnston came and finished ploughing the wood. Charley furrowed & boys drilled the corn, slowwork. I staid in couse desably[?]. Clear. My seedling Currant [?] for [?] [see symbol] Thursday 14 [Temp. 55, 65, 50] Jul spent the day at Sallie's. Var. Turned cool. Strong breeze. Mm. Johnson ploughed O.P.O. & some in Blanchard. Boys planted corn in the woods lot. I taned seed, made chicken coop under plumtree, hoed grafted trimmed & cooked. Clear. Friday 15 [Temp. 42, 70, 36] Boys finished planting woods & covered the [written above]{early potatoes}. Var. very cool this morning. Fair day. Mm. Johnson ploughs old nursery with his Sod[?] plough & some of the [?] orchard. I worked hard at different things. The [?] almost camein two. I patched it up with grafting cloth. [?] more, corn. �[Page 46] Saturday, May 16, 1863 [Temp. 52, 78, 56] [see symbol] We cut off Calalpa[?] limbs.Var. got a little warmer. I went to get plugh sharpened & to Vails for Potatoes. Got one and a half bushels, had to pay $1. Charley borrowed Archy lot Prince did not act well. They cut up the Potatoes. I began flower garden. Clear. Sunday 17 [Temp. 46, 71, 53] br>Yellow Rose open.Var. splendid day a little cool. I hoed [?] Raspberry. Put out two [?] & cut off Suckers bobbed in a Peachtree & examined fruit buds. Found Smiths Cides badly fizzled out & some others not much better. Clear. Monday 18 [see symbol] [Temp. 43, 65, 50] Var. very cool all day. Fine very pleasant. Mr. Sturgis washed. Charley [?] ground in P.O. & they planted 4 spaces with corn. [?] peas & made flowerbed. [?] [Page 47] [note written above the date] Grimsons[?] [?] First. Tuesday, May 19, 1863 [Temp. 41, 76, 56] I did up the border aside of the house. Var. very Col nearly a frost. It makes me uneasy about the fruit which is left being blighted. Charley hassowed[?] & ploughed all day. Boys cut grass solidago[?] & young brass. I cooked and did housework whilst Julia ironed. Clear. Planted marrowtah? Wednesday 20 Jul went to a quilting at Conklins. Cloudy all day. Looked very much like rain which we need. They planted the rest of the potatoes. I made a bed with the garden and planted my young seedling potatoes & planted my yellow ones in the O.P.O. with the others. Clear. Thursday 21 Jul went over to Sallie's. Smokey indian summer. Determined drouth but very hot. Boys dig melon holes all afternoon. Lou & G. planted yellow corn in the O.P.O. Jonny dug a bed for beans. I was busy all day. Put in about 40 [?] grafts & some peas. Smokey. [Page 48] �Friday, May 22, 1863 [Temp. 55, 88, 66] Sent buuter to Del churned before breakfast. Same copper sun real indian summer. Vegetation begins to suffer. No chance to plant saoked Sorghusse[?]. Jonny got tooth ache & went home. I worked hard all day making a new boddy[?] to the [?]. Saturday 23 [see symbol] [55, 89, 68] I sent Seedling Rhubard[?] to [?]. Smokey all day & the hottest tet, but a breeze sprang up afternoon which made it more pleasant. Charley finished the melon holes & put manure in them. I grafted some, found a few [?]. I took a bath in the creek. Clear. Sunday 24 [Temp. 54, 82, 62] Kate & Jul went to Sallie's after dining. Var. all signs of rain passed off. Not so warm as yesterday. I hamped[?] about all day. Went over to Johnsons but he was not at home. I saw a few Washingtons opening[?]. Some of my conical seedling are opening[?]. Clear. [Page 49] Monday, May 25, 1863 [Temp. 58, 86, 68] Lightning tonight. Var. another hot day, cool breeze. Charley [?] bluegrass all day in the apple orchard. Boys pinched visies[?] and raked Hay and cooked it up. I made flowerbeds & put out vesbenas[?]. Clouds. Tuesday 26 [Temp. 58, 89, 68] Jul went to town to go to the Opera. Var. some signs of Rain if Thunder is any sign. Boys pinched vines. Charley was all the forenoon hunting the Horses which got out last night. I did a big job, took out the Pump and made a new [?] and fixed it first rate. Clear. Wednesday 27 [Temp. 62, 87, 79]I put out melons from hotted [?] Var. Whe had a small shower in the night. It was about half an inch. I made the boys plant Sorghum soaked seed. Charley harrowed the old nursery and & furrowed it out for Corn. I worked hard all day, very unwell feverish & pain. Cloudy. [Page 50] [note written above the date] I finished spadin Rose be hauled in Hay[?] Thursday, May 28, 1863 �[Temp. 62, 84, 72] Jul got home with Conklin. Smokey & hazy all day. Sun pretty hot, Charley harrowed, furrowed & ploughed. The boys planted the last corn. Put in two rows Sugar Corn [written above]{King Phillippe}. I worked all day, felt quite sick again feverish. Hazy. Friday 29 [Temp. 63, 78, 68] <s. Teal & Mr. Conklin took tea. Var. Splendid rain this morning. We got in soaked Sorghum. We had another fine rain on our seed. I made a dead fall trap to catch a weasel which killed sever[al] of our young chickens. Send for sweet potatoes. May 30 [Temp. 64, 80, 64] I replanted Lima Beans. Mr. Kennedy [?] Var. a very slight shower after dinner. I finished ploughing front hill. Harrowed it and nearly killed the horses.Potato plants came last night were only found this evening. Lou & John made hills. I planted 200. I sowed Sorghum load. Cast dry seed. I worked like Field. [note written above the date] First Strawberries Page 51 Sunday, May 31, 1863 [Temp. 62, 76, 64] Lou took Ms Kennedy & Baby home. Var. Rained smartly about breakfast time. Cleared off finely until 5 P.M. when these came up a severe Thunder & Rain & Hailstorm. Our cistern '[?] got stopped up with Hickory blossom & ducked [?] finely [?]. Cloudy. Monday June 1 [Temp. 62, 74 ,62] Ms. D. washed. Boys made P. hills. Var. very high wind all day. Very cool and pleasant for work, Charley ploughed hill back of the Barn. Carter mowed the lawn and part of P.O. Mr. Blackburn of from [?] used Grass knife alld ay in wagon road[?] &c. Splendid Snaps & Polebeans & Sweet potatoes. Tuesday 2 [Temp. 48, 76, 62] Kate went with Conklins. I came home alone. Var. very cool all day. Mr. Blackburn cut grass & line the borders. I went to mill with wheat but could not get it ground. Got a little flower & �meal. Boys are all spaded borders. I taned some & raked old Bark. They raked & took in hay which Carter cut yesterday (drizzling). [Page 52] [note written above the text] Del & family came in Buss Wednesday, June 3, 1863 [Temp. 51, 69, 52] Var. very cool all day. Mr. B. lined baths & raked all & left for home. Kate worked like a horse. I made a chicken Penn and put in 6. I went to Plainsville for the Conklins in their buggy. Boys hunt for [?] but got none. Thursday 4 [Temp. 42, 76, 60] Dwarder & Heaver[?] called. Var. Very cold this morning. Fine very comfortable. Horses got out last night. Charley hunted them, raked hay in Pear O. I put out 70 Cabbage plants & worked hard all day. I raked borders & lined some bed up. [?]. Cloudy. Friday 5 Del went to Amelia & brought [double underlined]{Jonny}. Var. cool again this morning. Boys raked & hauled litter & hay al day out of P.O. I spaded a little bed opposite porch. Hoed Tomatoes. Planted thee[?] tomatoes & [underlined{30 Cabbages}. Kate raked in [?]. Clear & dry. Chickens ate my fine seedling. [Page 53] [note written above the text] Sent Jonny home. Saturday, June 6, 1863 [Temp. 54, 68, 54] Mrs. Hapgood[?] came in the buss. Var. very cool again. Fire would feel very good tonight. Boys raked & hauled trash & hay out of P.O. & cleaned up generally. I worked around the Pit & made one flowerbed. Put out a daily rose in oval bed. Clear & cold. Sunday 7 [Temp. 46, 68, 52] Conklins & M. McGelland[?] called. Var. very cool all day. We could not do without fire. They, the females all took a walk through the woods. I tramped all over the place, Went almost to every tree exam using the state of the fruit. Clear. ,br>Monday 8 [Temp. 42, 70, 57] Var. Cool all day but warmer than yesterday. Charley replants corn all day. Did not quite get one hill done. I went to Balavia. Got Kates Licence to get married. Paid taxes &c. I planted potatoes in the missing [?] potato hills. Clear. �[Page 54]Tuesday, June 9, 1863 [Temp. 48, 76] Var. still cool too day for anything to grow G. replanted corn all day. We got 6 qrts of Strawberries of Johnsons for tea[?]. I went mill & got Flour & Bran. Mr. Adams, Harrison, & Ed came in the Buss tonight. Ms. Clark chd not come. Cloudy.[see symbol]. Wednesday 10 [Temp. 50, 76, 54] Kate was married to Adams at 3 P.M. Var. Splendid. Rain tonight began at 6 P.M. Ms. Clark Maria & Preacher Graham came. Miss Steuss same. Ed Woodruff, Harriet & sons. Four Girls sons Filch Adams, Jewel & wife. Kate Mr. Hapgood[?] & all left. Charley took Mrs. K home. D[?] & Sallie staid. I saw Mrs. Conklin home. Raining. Thursday 11 [Temp. 66, 69, 61] Rained at intervals all night. Va.r Splendid day. I planted Tomatoes, Meons & Beets. Hoed Beans & Peas. Charley covered Potatoes, furrowed & replanted King Philip corn.Pomological Report came tonight. Strawberries are sour. Too cool to [?] well. Clouds. [Page 55] Frdiay, June 12, 1863 [Temp. 54, 80, 66]Var. Magnificent day. Just warm enough. I set Charley to mowing Blue grass in the L[?].O. Lou & I replanted K.P. & Sugar Corn all that had missed, ta[?] dog. New furrows. I had a weak [?]Cloudy. Some lightning. Saturday 13 [Temp. 58, 80, 67] Hanson rode Prince to B. Girls went to Picknic. Var. another splendid day. Charley hoed Sorghum. I made a Turkey Pen. Put the hen in with [?] ones two died. I cleaned Austin Strawberry Bed & [?] it in busy all day. Cut last asparugus. Clear. Sunday 14 [Temp. 61, 83, 66] Turkey hens last one died. Var. Splendid day. Warmer than yesterday. I puttered the day away looking and things. Lou took Sophy home after being here a whole week we were forced to pick the cherries on the last tree to save them from the birds. Clear. [Page 56] Monday, June 15, 1863 [see symbol] �[Temp. 58, 87, 72] Harrison left in Buss. Var. Splendid day. Charley cut grass along the road and some in B.O. I mended gate, made Sythe handle, planted the last of my potatoes, hoed beans &c. Lou wed Strawberries. They raked hay. Clear. Tuesday 16 [see symbol] [Temp. 64, 89, 73] I worked hard all day weading &c. Hazy all day but very hot & close. Bill Dening began to cut the orchard grass} but was taken sick & had to quit. Charley mowed some. He & Lou got the hay up which was on the floor & hauled in one load. Clear. Wednesday 27 Gnats & mosquitoes bad. Var. very hot again today but there was a fine breeze. Charley hauled in Hay & then we cooked up what Dening cut in O.O. orchard grass. I was not well all day. We got up the Black gate & [?] set it for the home pasture. Clear. [Page 57] [note written above the date] Interesting Letter from Kate on board boat. Thursday, June 18, 1863 [Temp. 70, 80, 70] Del rode to Jenkins. Cloudy & hazy all day. Turned cool twoards night. Charley raked & hauled in three loads of Orchard grass. I worked all day mending over at the Barn. Made the Grape Pen up again. Friday 19 [Temp. 61, 78, 65] Del & Jul. went to Picknick. Harrison came out in Buss. Var. looked a little like rain this evening but its all gone. Charley cut the rest of the orchard grass & stuck Peas. He stole $45 out of my closet. I [?] & made him give up all he took, but my watch is all to pieces. Clear. Saturday 20 [Temp. 60, 76, 61] Ed came out in Buss, not at all well. Rained a little about daylight. Remained cloudy the rest of the day. Jul Del Hanson & I went to a Picinc near Milford in[?] Gatches woods & enjoyeed it very much. Charley hoed Corn all day I suppose. Cloudy. [Page 58] [note written above the date] Wrote To Hammond advice. �Sunday, June 21, 1863 [Temp. 56, 76, 59] Conklins called & took wine [?]. Var. very cool all sitting by the fire this morning. I had a pretty good [?]. Hanson & Del took a walk through the O & were delighted with appearances. Emor called & we had a walk & talk. New Potatoes. Clear. Jul rode Prince. Monday 22 [Temp. 54, 72, 62] We all took tea at Conklin's. He left. Var. very cool and fine breeze all day. Charley began ploughing Corn near the woods then raked up the Hay that was [?]. I worked all day at one thing or other grafted apples & budded Roses. Clouds. Tuesday 23 [Temp. 58, 78, 66] Ed left. We had Princes forefeet shot[?]. Var. Looked vry much like rain but none yet. C ploughed Corn and hauled in Hay. I hoed & wed all about reframed the Kitchen roof --- Stuck Peas. Prince got out & played smash. Got a new Girl Letitia Davis. Cloudy. [Page 59] Wednesday, June 24, 1863 [Temp. 60, 72, 60] Var. Cloudy most of the day. Looked like rain but it turned cool & got cooler. Charley ploughed Corn all day. I turned the Shed roof & repaired the Barn. Spliced the back piece. Hoed. Planted beans. Thursday 25 [Temp. 55, 72, 66] Jul & I went to Rice's and got Lard. Var. Cool all day. Some signs of rain which we need very much. Charley ploughed & hoed corn. I cleaned the weeds out of the Blackberries & did some day jobs. Very cloudy. Frdiay 26 [Temp. 65, 70, 68] Girls rode the horses to [?]. Very close. Rained in the night & pretty hard today giving the Ground a good soaking. G ploughed & harrowed a [?] of the pond hill. Got seed potatoes of Ms. Teal & ploughed some. I did nothing. Horsesborke the fence & got out twice. I got a post in but the rain shoo[?] me in. Cloudy. [Page 60] �[note written above the date] Ed & Harrison came out. Saturday, June 27, 1863 [Temp. 65, 76, 71] First Raspberries. Var. rained a little but none to hurt. Charley pluoghed & harrowed & planted some Potatoes on the Barn hill & ploughed the Currant [?]. Mend barn fence, budded roses &c. Horrors all day. Cloudy. Sunday 28 [see symbol] [Temp. 70, 78, 70] Conklins called after tea. Girl left. Var. Showery oppressively. Not sun calcuated to bring on the rot in grapes. rust in oak & wheat [?]. I was around some. Tanned & plached Kitchen & woodhouse roof & put out Tomatoes in the Potatoe hills. Raining. Monday 28 [Temp. 70, 83, 75] Peas. Del & Harrison left. Ed went with [written above] "Conklin." Rained very hard in the night. Var. all day. Charley planted Potatoes back of the Barn. I planted a few in the S.P. hills. Tarred roof and patched. Made sick by it. Put out Tomatoes. Sent for 10 bush Corn to Martins. 65 [?] Buss. [Page 61] Tuesday, June 30, 1863 [Temp. 69, 82, 74] Del got home from town. Var. very hot not [?] breeze. G. ploughed Sty[?] [?] [underlined}{Corn} & Sorghum & old nursery corn. Hoed out Blackberries &c. I was not at all well no sleep with Lou who has had fever two days from eating green fruit. Clear. Wednesday, July 1 [see symbol] [Temp. 70, 85, 73] Conklins borrowed our Buggy. Var. a few drops of Rain fell about dark. Very hot. Lou's fever continues & is very distressing. Sent for Denis who left Calomel I gave him oil but has not [?] yet. I hoed & wed, trimmed gate arch. Warmer. Thursday 2 [Temp. 70, 86, 74] Got a splendid letter from Kate at. Var., a little shower in the night. Ver hot in the sun. Unbearable. C mowed grass in the orch & cut some Brians in the hollow behind the barn. Ms. �D did a large wash. I loafed considerably. Took a splendid bath in the creek. Clear. Lou is better. [Page 62] [note written above the date] Lou out of danger. Fever gone. Friday, July 3, 1863. [Temp. 70, 88, 70] Ed. came up with Conklin. Var. Shower at sun down. Girlswent to Markleys after cherries but they had not picked them. C. hoed between Dwarf Pears. Shocked up hay & sawed wood. I mended the well curb & busy all day. [note written above the date] Lou sick again. Saturday 4 [Temp. 71, 83, 72] Harrison came in Buss. Brot Fireworks. Var. Showered in the night. Very wet nearly all day, rather a poor 4th. Charley left in the Buss & sent me word back that he had enlisted; a very unfortunate circumstance. We had a grand display of Fireworks. Clear. Sunday 5 [Temp. 70, 84, 74] Ms. Kennedy walked over. Var. Splendid day. Very hazy dew. I had Charley work to do which was very hard on the old Fogie but I suppose it must be did. I tramped about considerably. Found the Jannet much fuller than I expected. Too many by [?]. Clear. [Page 63]br> Monday 6, 1863 [see symbol] [Temp. 70, 85, 73] Harrison left in the Buss. Var. very warm all day. Ed & I went to Plainville in the Buggy & from there we took the cars to town. I tried to hunt up Charley but found he had left. I tried to sell my brandy but could not succeed. Cloudy. Tuesday 7 [Temp. 70, 82, 75] Good news about the war.var. rained after noon & [?] the Haycock I had opened to dry from a previous wetting. I barely had time to put up two, got sprinkled in the operation. I hoed & wed all the forenoon. Began trimming a Cedar near the front door. Cloudy. Wednesday 8 [Temp. 70, 82, 74] �I wrote to Ball. Del wrote to Kate. Var. The sun was scorching hot but there was a nice breeze. I hoed melons &c. afternoon. Lou & I hauled in two load of Hay which used me up entirely. Sampson came to get John to go to town with berries. Clear. Well bucket broke. [Page 64] [note written above the date] Dean Johnson took the fruit to town Thursday, July 9, 1863 Ms. Sturgis raised a sour. We all picked a bushel & peck of Currant. Var. Smokey or hazy very hot about noon & during the afternoon. I picked Madeline Pears the same day as last year. Bob Dickinson began today. Lou & he picked Little Muscl. Cloudy. Friday 10 [Temp. 68, 80, 72] Contraband Jim came on Buss last night. Cloudy & Smokey all day. Heat oppression at noon. Jim I sent him to wkr hauling wood & ploughing Corn & Potatoes. Bob hoed Cabbages & Sweet Pota. I trimmed Cedar & cut one down in front. Dean got back . Lou too [took?] wheat to mill. Smokey. Saturday 11 [Temp. 68, 80, 70] Harrison came out. Letter from Kate. Heavy Fogg, cloudy all day much and has been for some days. Jim ploughed near the woods then fooled away the rest of the day with Bob. I worked at the Barnyard Gates nearly all day. Cut grass and cleaned up generally. Cloudy. [Page 65] [note written above the date] Very cool all day Latitia came back. Sunday, July 12, 1863 [Temp. 70, 70, 66] Sallie & D took dinner with us. Cloudy. Foggy & Smokey all day. I tinkered best part of the day. Cut a forest of young Aulanithus down in the Raspberry patch. Walked around topped Peach trees. Lou took the Buggy with Sallie & D to with amsville & left it there soon[?]. Smoky. Monday 13 [Temp. 62, 68, 66]Very cool all day. Had fire in the. Same cloudy smokey sky. Misted most of the day. Jim ploughed corn near the wood. I wrote a long letter to Hammond. Their men did �latch up little gate which Tom broke & got out let the cow out. Spoill my seedling strawberry. Cloudy. Tuesday 14 [Temp. 66, 76, 66] Ed walked up from Columbia. Var still smokey & cloudy but the sun shone a little the first time in six days. Jim ploughed Corn but the Morgan Scare stopped all work & there was very little done. I was under the weath[er]. Trimmed cedars & hoed melons. Lou & Bob hooked up Buggy apples. Cloudy. [Page 66] [note written above the text] Toe tied tom & Prince in the woods. No mail, Morgan stole Cleveland's horse. Var. cool & pleasant all day. Calvary from Tennessee & Kentucky passing nearly all day. We gave them bread & butter & apples. Could not keep the boys at work for too long. Horses compressed all along the road. Cloudy wind. Thursday 16 [Temp. 62, 71, 68] Prince is out. Buss stopped running. Var. Still shown today nearly clear very cool. They picked up apples, got up six barrels of strawberries. Harvest, Red, Sheaks, Benonis & Astracan Bough &c. I did a snended[?] The Porch Hoor & fixed the apples. Clear. Quarrel[?] Friday 17 [Temp. 52, 71, 62] Violent pain in my side. Ed left. Var. just such a day as yesterday. Dean Johnson kept here & loaded up & started at 3 AM. He got back at about 3 P.M. Sold the apples at $1[.]50 for barrels. Boys picked Currants the last & reaped some wheat. I fixed big Barn Gale post. Prince out all night. [Page 67] Saturday, July 18, 1863 [Temp. Harrison came. Bus went down. Var. very cool this morning. Very hot in the middle of the day. Jim shocked the wheat which they all cut, he cutsome Brians & wed Strawberries. I was sick with pain in the side &c. Made 10 qrts Currant wine. Sunday 19 Frist Blackberries. Duchess of Oldenburg [?]. Var. Clear most of the day & very hot sun. I loafed about mosto f the day. Read & slept. I am very weak & good for nothing. Horrors for several days first in great pain one way or other. Monday 20 �[70, 88, 74] My proposition to make peace repulsed. Var. very hot in the middle of the day, after a deal of distant thunder we had a hard shower after which we had several small ones. Jim mowed Timothy in in [repeated word] spots. Boys picked up apples. The rain stopped them. Cloudy. [Page 68] [note written above the date] Del and Jul left for town with Conklin. Tuesday, July 21, 1863 Dean came over and loaded up. Var. misted al night but ltitle rain fell. Boys got up with my assistance 6 Barrels of Apples. One basket. Ms. Dickinson picked a [?] Goosberries. I hoed the Melons & did sun dry other things. Cloudy. Wednesday 22 Dean went to town with apples & gooseberries. Var. Cloudy most of the day. Jim worked. Cut Strawberries & raked up some hay. Boys hoed sweet Potatoes &c. wed Berries. I fixed Gate Post to the Pasture. I fixed Pasture fence. Lou took Curtains to with amsvilel on Prince. No cow. Thursday 23 [Temp. 60, 84, 68] Jul & Del got home with Coknlin. Va.r very hot in the afternoon. I made them hoe the late Potatoes. Jim cut at Brians & Bob wed at Strawberries. I was tormented to death watching them. I cut suckers out of the front orchard & busy all day clouds. Cows got in. [Page 69] [note written above the date] I never fasted so long before Friday 24 [Temp. 64, 89, 77] Var. & hot to the killing point. Jim gathered apples & boys all together picked up about one & half Barrels. I drove Prince in the wagon down to Carmel & had wagon & plough fixed. Ms. Conklin & she took a ride of about 70 miles[?]. Cloudy. Saturday 25 [Temp. 76, 80, 68] �Jim hauled in the wheat [?] shock. Var. One shower at 8 AM after hard one at 3 PM. Ms. Dickinson & Lola hoed corn near the woods. Jim and Bob pretended I did nothing but follow them up. Mended a basket handle. Trimmed some. Clear. Sunday 26 [Temp. 71, 86, 72] Var. Splendid day. Hot in the morning. Jul Del Pearl & I went over & spent the day at Williamsons. We took wheat to mill & had it ground 20 Bushels. We had a pleasant time & delightful ride home. Cloudy. [Page 70] Monday, July 27, 1863 [see symbol] [Temp. 64, 78, 66] Var. A little cooler since the rain. Viola & Kathie hoed corn all day. Ms. D washed. Bob cut his finger & could not work. Lou Jim & I got up the load. 2 Benonis 2 Strawberry 1 Red Sheak & mixed Basket of Pears. Clear. Tuesday 28 {Temp. 58, 78, 66] 3rd load pears. Dean went to town with apples. Var. Cool pleasant same as yesterday. Ole Ms. Dickinson & Lolitia went to hunt Blackberries but got very few. Jim hoed some. I picked 3 qrts of Berries on the hill. I took up a US Mare & Mule & somebody colt & done know what to do with them. Clear. Wednesday 29 [Temp. 59, 84, 78]We started for Withamswille. Var. Fine but very warm at noon. Cool night. Jim & Dickinson girls hoed corn. I mended in wod bed. Jim hauled a load out of Ms. Bowoods & one load for Ms Dickinson. Jul, Ms Conklin, Prince & I on the new colt. She reared & fell on her back & nearly broke my back, broke the Bridle. [Page 71] [note written above the date] Bloodyoods & B of Bruscelli[?] this afternoon. Thursday 30 [Temp. 58, 79, 71] I sent Pears down by Buss & Picked the rest. Rained splendidly most of the night. Fine day, after the rain. Jim & I mended the front fence where the mule & all the horses got out. We got Prince & the Colt which moved to be McGuires. We got the mail[?] this evening the mule following. I make Jim him him[?] out. �Friday 31 [Temp. 76, 85, 72] I sent 5 buckets of Pears by Buss to Peterson. Var. splendid day rained finely after dinner. Dickinsons hoed in the forenoon. Jim hoed. C plough with the mare but she would not work. He tried her in the wagon. She worked but too fast. Boys picked up apples. I picked Peasrs Juliennes. Saturday, August 1 [see smybol] [Temp. 66, 85, 72] Ed came with Conklin. Harrison in Buss. Var. Splendid day very hot at noon. Dean went with the 4th Load, 5 Barrels. Sent 18 reviums[?] & 6 Hydraneas to Heaver. Jim mowed weeds in P.O. & picked B. Berries. I soldered load Strawberries &c. Jul rode the Morgan Marc[?] to Depot, much pleased with her. Clear. [Page 72] Looked like rain alone times. Sunday, August 2, 1863 [Temp. 68, 88, 73] Ms. Kennedy walked over. Var. very hot & oppressive in the afternoon. I went around this forenoon and lookd at things & then again with John who called after dinner just as I was going to write to Kate. Felt rather dull today. Clear. Monday 3 [Temp. 68, 86, 75] Var. very hot again today. Dickinsons hoed corn all day. Lou & Bob picked up apples. Jim threshed out the wheat with a flail. Lou took Ms. K home and brought bakc Sallie & D. I did nothing but write to Kate. Cloudy. Tuesday 4 [Temp. 72, 86, 70] Tom Kane & another fellow came after the mare. Var. we had a nice little rain. Jim & I picked the Julienne Pears. Lou & Bob picked Apples 5 Barrels, they then began picking Dearborns which are over ripe. D went to Bowers & got a Keg of Beer we left it & had some. John Lane claims the mare. [Page 73] Wednesday, August 5, 1863 �[Temp. 72, 80, 74] Jim took D & Sallie home with the Mare. Var. Another fine shower today. Several during the day. Jim & B sawed wood, gathered about 1/2 bush Dearborns. Bob hoed Cabbage & Dwarf Pears. I could not be out much. Mended big gate latch & did undry other thing. Cloudy. Thursday 6 [Temp. 70, 84, 70] Jul went to town in Buss. Sent $50 to George. Var. Splendid day after the rain. Jim & Bob hoed King Philip Corn. Lou picked berries. I fixed big gate again. Sent 2 Baskets Dearborns to town Buss he got $1.25 pr basket. I keep me busy overseeing. Clouds. Friday 7 [Temp. 70, 84, 76] Var. We had high wind & severe Thunder afternoon but no Rain although it looked very much like it. Lou took wagon & had Spring mended & Tom shod[?]. Byos picked up apples. I followed up. Made them cut Chapral down by the old nursery. Cloudy. [Page 74] [note written above the date] Harrison came in Buss. Peaches. Saturday, August 8, 1863 [Temp. 74, 86, 76] Julia came home with Conklin. Var. hot at noon as usual. Jim & Bob finished cutting Chaparal then hoed in the sweet Potatoes. Piece around the Pears. I was busy. Two men authorized came & took the Mare. I had a hot walk up to John Lanes. Coughed nearly all the evening. Clouds. Sunday 9 [Temp. 74, 89, 79] Ms. K. walked over the evening. Var. very hot the hottest day in the season; I did some weeding in my Flower garden & walked over the orchard twice, once with Harrison & Del they were [?] the quantity of apples, someone stole all the [?] berries. Monday 10 [Temp. 70, 89, 74] I drank beer all day in place of water. Var. Thunder & signs of Rain but only a drizzle. Jim & Lou & I picked up the load of apples. Bob got sick. Hogs got in & bore and eat up nearly all our lake Potatoes including my fine new seedling. I hard time fixing the fence. Clear. [Page 75] �Tuesday, August 11, 1863 Cranberry. Hogs played smash. Var. Very hot, but fine breeze. Splendid Thundershower afternoon. Boys pciked up apples & [?] weeds. Dean took 1[?] Barrels 6 load 6 market. I discovered that the Hogs have destroyed all our Potatoes. I did nothing but loaf. Cloudy. Wednesday 12 [see symbol] [Temp. 64, 80, 68]Jul & Ms C took a ride. Var. Splendid day after the rain nearly the whole day. Consumed in his [?] the infernal hogs they were finishing the Potatoes & beginning on the corn. There are two in yet. They got up some apples & cut a few weeds. Clear. I picked a bushel Bannalis for Kane. Thursday 13 [Temp. 64, 84, 72] Ms. Williamson & Ms Bond spent the day with us. Frist Corn. Var. fine day. We had two more Hog hunts. They broke in twice & there is me in now. They picked up apples. I washed some which made me sick. I had a hot fever at noon lasted all the afternoon. I had hard work to get up [?] Barrels. Clear. [Page 76] [note written above the date] 7[?] load. Friday, August 14, 1863 [Temp. 64, 84, 72] Del & Ms. K canned Peaches. Var. Splendid weather for growing. Jim & Bob cut Briar & weeds. Dean took six bushels of apples to market. Sold two. Lou gone to Williamsville on Prince. I fixed the cast & front gate handle. Clear. First Citron Melons. Satuday 15 [see symbol] [Temp. 70, 87, 72] Del & Jul went & met Ed in Roseville. Var. very warm no breeze. Jim mowed Briars & Bob cut the Raspberries front of the [?] door. Bob hoed potatoes on the Barn hill. I worked all day. They canned Peaches & Tomatoes. Lou went to Mill on Tom got one Blush ground. Cloudy. Sunday 16 [Temp. 70, 74, 74] First Water Melons. Cloudy. Splendid Shower with distant Thunder after dinner. I walked down & looked at the Corn. Found that the Coons were destroying it badly. Tied Carlo down there tonight. Too wel to go out after the rain. Cloudy. �[Page 77] [note written above the date] Del canned Peaches. Monday, August 17, 1863 [Temp. 64, 83, 79] Ms. K went to Sallies on Tom & back. Var. Sun at noon. Very hot. Signs of rain. Boys picked up some apples and some pears. I hoed a little in side & [?] path. Julia & Ms. K. canned 12 cans of Peaches. I was busy all day. We had Lima Beans today. Cloudy. Tuesday 18 [Temp. 62, 84, 72] Jul & Ms. C. gone on Prince & Tom to C. Var. just such a day as yesterday. Boys Jim & Lou finished getting Six Barrels of Apples, two baskets of Lowels & two of Peaches & one of Pears. I was awake all night with Lou, felt bad all day. Del went to town in Ms Leals Buggy. Two best melons stole last night. Clear. Wednesday 19 [Temp. 62, 87, 72] Del & Jul took [?] Mrs. Teal. Var. very hot today at noon. Jim pretended to hoe potatoes under ash tree. I was on the hots all day. Dean took in apples 6 Barrels 2 basket of[?] peaches one of pears. Lou took oil cloth over to Willamsville. Coons & Hawks taking the chickens. Clear. [Page 78] Thursday, August 20, 1863 [Temp. 64, 88, 73] Sent Ms. Bond some Peaches by Buss. Var. warm in the middle of the day. Jim had two shells at at [repeated word] the Pasture fencebut Prince would not get out. He picked up Apples & Peaches. Ms. K. picked for Ms. Dickinson one bushel. I was busy all day. Tired out completely. Clouds. Fridy 21 [Temp. 66, 87, 74] Very tired tonight. [?] played hell last night. Var. hot again in the middle of the day. They all gathered apples. Picked two barrels maidens blush 6 barrels & half 2 baskets Peaches one of Bartletts the first of the season. I sorted apples all day. Made a new Block but [?] all day. Clouds. [Page 79] �[note written above the date] Harrison brot up two fine melons Sunday, August 23, 1863 [Temp. 70, 86, 76] Conklin called this evening. Va.r very hot about 2 P.M. Harrison & Del went to Camp Meeting. Twice I walked over the place & found a great many apples down. Del concluded not to go home for a couple fo weeks yet. Monday 23 [Temp. 74, 72, 68] Harrison left in Buss. Ed footed it from Rockhill. Var. We had a fine thunder shower about 3 P.M. Rained hard. Lou took the wagon down to have the spring mended. Jim picked up apples. Sorted some. Del Jul & I rode to the gate with Prince in the wagon. He went well. Cloudy. Tuesday 25 [see symbol] [Temp. 56, 64, 58] Rained a little this morning. Out to Bull. Cow laid.Cloudy all day and so coold that we had to make fire in the Parlour all day. Boys picked up apples all day. I picked up pears & made them Baskets out of Peaches. A dead Buck fell on the Rome Beauty on the road. I worked hard to get up the load. Jul canned Peaches. [Page 80] Wednesday, August 26, 1863 [see symbol] [Temp. 48, 70, 52] We took two on Conklins. Ms. C sick. Va.r Coolest day or morning I ever know in August. We had fire again all day. Dean took Apples Pears & Peaches. I mended fence which Prince broke down & both gates. Dean got home before 2 P.M. Clear. Thursday 27 [see symbol] [Temp. 46, 70, 57] Var. very cold again today. Jim Lou & Letitia got up the laod of apples. I went to Carmel got Tom Shed & got 12 Bushels of Corn of Sammy Lanethen sorted apples & Peaches to Banch Apples & 5 Bash Peaches. Frdiay 28 [Temp. 59, 70, 58] �Cloudy all day. Looked stormy. Rained just as Dean got home for 15 minutes. Jim cut brass in the hollow. Lou went to Sallie's on Prince for the Buggy but did not get it. I went to town in Buss to see about a Nigger, but did not suit myself. Cloudy. Missed the Buss but caught it. [Page 81] Harrison came. I sent Pears by Buss. Saturday, August 29, 1863 [Temp. 56, 66, 49] Jim picked up apples. Var. Rain in the night & a little just at daylight. Very cool all day. Dean came over & helped me to fit the new Bows to the wagon. I picked two baskets of splendid Bartletts. Lou took apples to Dairs & had a barrel of Cider. Clear & Cold. Sunday 30 [Temp. 36, 63, 47] Two Splendid. Var, very Codl, White Frost. Unprecedented weather for the season. Had to have fire all day. Sweet Potatoes vines Cut Squashes &c. D[?] & Lilla spent the day with us. Mrs. Teal called. I picked splendid Bartletts, was over the place. Clear & Cold. Monday 31 [see symbol] [Temp. 40, 64, 54] I rode Prince down to Store for Eggs &c. Va.r Cool but splendid day. Boys haled one load of wood from Keltmans woods. They pciked up apples, Made 6 barrels, loaded up the cider & 5 Br apples 3 baskets. Splenddi Bartletts, 2 Bs. Peaches the last. I mased finger loading. Clear up. [Page 82] [note written above the date] He drove Prince. Del & Jude packed up. Tuesday, September 1, 1863 [Temp. 48, 80, 62] Del brought the buggy home repaired. Var. very fine day turning warm again. Frost. Cut the corn blades some. Mrs D & Letetia picked up apples before dinner. I went to Benniets & to Mrs. Teals. Settled with her. Dean got home early. Johnson took al oad to Temples Cider Mill. Clear. Wednesday 2 [Temp. 48, 83, 70] Jul left for Warren & Del left in wagon fr [for] home. Var. Warmer today getting back to the old notch. They picked up apples. Ms. K picked some Peaches. I went to the Liberty Mill but �found all dry. Had to go to Perrintown but they could not grind. I got 46th flower. Temple could not make our cider. Bad cold & sore throat. Cloudy. S. Thursday 3 [67, 76, 66] Conklins mare Fanny died last night. Cloudy all day. Misted a little. Mrs. Lee, Tom & Lou picked up apples. Lou took the apple from Temples to Davis. Mrs. K drove Prince to Batavia & back in the Buggy & was pleased with him very much. I picked pears all day. Sent on Basket to Gatte by the Buss. [Page 83] Friday, September 4, 1863 [Temp. 50, 75, 60] I coughed terribly last night. Throat. Var. cool all day. Ms Ward, Ms Dickinson, Letitia picked up apples all day. Jim & Lou, Ms. K picked up some. I picked Bartletts. Splnedid fellows. Dean takes seven baskets to Gattie's & five barrels of apples. Dair failed to make the cider. Clear. Saturday 5 [Temp. 58, 83, 76] Var. hotter day than it has been for some time. I made the boys hoe Sweet Potatoes & trim hedge. I was sick but picked Bartletts all day off of the English Tree. Dean took 5 Bls. Apples to town and 7 barrels apples to Gattie. Cloudy. Sunday 6 [Temp. 64, 78, 68] Ms. K drove Prince to Sallie's & bot Don back. Rained some in the night and pretty hard about breakfast time. The boys pulled the wagon down & picked up another filled 5 barrels with apples already picked up by the women. I was very unwell all the forenoon & afternoon. I assorted 6 & 1/2 bushel Bartletts & Amalis. I made a frame to fit the box. [Page 84] Monday, September 7, 1863 [Temp. 64, 80, 70] Lou went after cider & brot it & Barrel. Var. Comfortable today. I had not so much fever as yesterday but a terrible coughing spell in the afternoon. Dean took 6 bsk Barletts to Gablr & 3 1/2 bushels Amalis to Peterson. Only got $1.50 bushel. Boys pulled up apples. I went to store on Prince. Tuesday 8 �[Temp. 64, 86, 76] Arranged with Dair to make Brandy. Var. very little sun but oppressively hot. Threatening rain. Distant thunder. I was very unwell but assorted five baskets of Bartletts. Butter & Stone. They bid up apples. Get 5 in the wagon & 1 Bl Cider. I rode to Williamsville took measure fr [for] Botors. Wednesday 9 [Temp. 64, 68, 64] Va.r Rained nearly all night. Dean could not get off until 5 A.M. then started in the rain. Cider nearly all leaked out. Sold it for 6 cents for Gall. Boys & Lil picked up apples & Pears. I mended baskets & picked up Pears. Cloudy & Cool. [Page 85] Thursday, September 10, 1863 [Temp. 58, 78, 68] Var. Splendid day. Byos & Lit picked up apples & filled 7 Barrels. I picked up Pears & Assorted three baskets 1 Butter & Butter 2 Louise Bonnes. Mended wagon made a seal for Dean. Lou had Tom shod & hauled apples to Dair. Friday 11 [Temp. 66, 86, 76] Sent 3[?] Bsk Pear[?] to Gatti. Va.r pretty hot today. Ms. Dickinson pciked up paples all day. Jim & Lou hauled & put in Barrels. I worked like a horse all day, used out.Completely managed to sort out 2 Baskets of Pears. Dean had the best load of the season. I got the poorest prices. Saturday 12 [see symbol [Temp. 66, 66, 64] I assorted all the Pears on the Porch. Var. Drizzled nearly all forenoon. Rained pretty hard after dinner. Ms. Dickinson picked up apples all the forenoon. Jim took the wagon down & picked out 5 Bls & ten bushels. Specked ones. Dean took 6 barrels apples & 2 Baskts Pears one to Gath sold the other 17 load very poor sale. Cloudy. [Page 86] Sunday, September 13, 1863 [Temp. 62, 70, 61] Conklin & McClellan called to see about [rest of sentence written above the date] McClellans going with Dean.[?] Cloudy all day very heavy dew. I went out over the place & had damp feet all day. Jim got up two barrels of apples making 8. I fixed one basket of Pears. I put a cork in the Brandy and measured 10 Galls for Metz. Clear. �Monday 14 [Temp. 58, 70, 64] Dean took 8 barrels & 1 basket Pears home with him. L[?] came. Var. Pretty cool all day. Ms Ward Him & Ms Kennedy picked up apples. Letitia pretended. I went to town. Buss broke down on Rose Hill. Conklin & I walked to Plainville & took the cars. Went to Del's and dined, bot a pair of wheels for $2 to make a cart. Clear. Tuesday 15 Dean got home early & went after Sheaf oats. Var. Very warm today. Ms. D, Ms W. Ashurn Bennet Jm & Lou picked up apples. I went on Prince to Engage Ms Teals mare for town tonight. They got up the load [?]. I went to see Kilgour about making the Cart. Took salts and felt weak all day. Clear. [Page 87] [Temp. 68, 78, 72] We had Teals mare today. Var. Looked very much like rain fortunately it held off. Ms. K went with Prince & Buggy to Tests. We then hauled with Fodder G Youn tied up a little & left. Jim & Lou assorted 2 Barrels & filled 4 other. Foold time. I was mending baskets & assortnig Pears all day. Thursday 17 [Temp. 69, 77, 65] Ms. K cut grass & wed rose bed. Var. looked rainy all day. Rained a little all the afternoon & is pouring down pretty well now. Jim & lou got up 8 Barrels, Dean & Jim loaded. D got back at 5 PM today. We cannot Teals mare we cannot go. I mended Barrels & looked after them. Raining hard. Friday 18 [Temp. 54, 58, 48] Metz sent for 15 bushels Cider Apple & Brandy his 10 Gale[?]. Rained nearly all night turned cool & cold in the course of the day. Jim cut Briars & slept part of the time. Dean got off at 2 P.M. with 8 barrels & 2 Bushels of Peaches. I went to Mill Perrintown with Prince after the Flour. He wokred splendidly in the Buggy, forded the river without hesitation. [Page 88 Saturday, September 19, 1863 [Temp. 45, 50, 48] Jake was grinding. Dean got back to supper. Var. Cloudy all day but about 5 minutes very cold very much like frost. I did a cold job patching the rooves. Bennet, Jim & Lou picked up apples. �I took old wheels &c. up to Kilgores to make the cart. Went to see Myers about Brandy. Saw Jake. Cloudy. Sunday 20 [Temp. 32, 60, 47] John called & we went round some. Clear all day. Froze last night. Cut everything tender, even Sorghum leaves. I fear it will stop the growth of late apples. Jannets not half grown. I hoed Ships of old carpet[?] on the new Shed roof with Tar. I think it will do but I was too weak to go on. Dean loaded up 8 barrels. Clear. Monday 21 [Temp. 48, 71, 60] Dean got home & loaded up New Ink[?] Var. Moderated considerably. Very pleasant today. M.D. & Ward picked up apples only the good ones. Jim helped load 45 bush Brandy apples. Lou made 3 loads. I worked all day. Made a light Ladder, mended Barrels &c. Engaged Malot to work. Clear & Windy. [Page 89] [note written above the date]<Jim & Lou took apples to Davis & brot back Brandy Tuesday, September 22, 1863[Temp. 48, 68, 52] Dean got back early. Var. Turned cooler to day. Jim & Lou got up the load. Malott began Totaling[?] Cor. I as usual busy. Finished a small basket begun by Millow. Drs Kline & Chapman from Camp Dennison called to see about Shubbery for their place. Clear. wednesday 23 [Temp. 41, 75, 60] Drove Teal's mare. Dean took 8 Barrels, got home at 5 P.M. Var. pretty cool this morning. Ward Dickenson & Bennet picked up apples all day. Made poor headway. I went to Kilgores & had the cart finished. Got home by 1 P.M. Made iron corners & pruned nearly the whole of it. Malot topped corn. Regt 4 Galls in my Klegg [?]. Clear. Thursday 24 [Temp. 56, 78, 66] I draw out 8 Galls Brandy & put it in first barrel. Var. A little thunder & 10 drops of rain this evening. Jim & Lou got up the load 8 barrels. I mended Basket & finished pruning cast all but the weels. Jim worked some on the roof. Dean got home at 5 P.M. Geo. Young began cutting Briars along Conklins fence. 1 Letter from Jude. Cloudy. [Page 90] Friday, September 25, 1863 [Temp. 52, 60, 51] �Var. Turned very cool in the night. Windy. N Jim Lou & Sturgis Boy & Girl picked up. A Bennet & Bob began but quiet at one Barrel. I painted Cart box & wheels. Malot finishe [?] 4 & a half days. Young Cut Briars. Sent one load to Davis. Dean got home at dusk. Saturday 26 [Temp. 38, 63, 44] Dr. Mets called & pd me for Adir[?] apples. Var. White frost this morning. Warm during the day but alarming. Cold tonight. Hattie D. Sturgiss & sister picked up apples all day. Jim & Lou picked up bad ones. I painted [text strikethrough]{bad ones} &c. Bob Ely called and got some splendid specimens of apples to show at the Indiana State Fair. Sunday 27 [Temp. 34, 71, 54] Dean & Jim loaded up. Var. moderated towards noon. I painted new headblock & rims of wagon wheels & front spring. Mended two baskets, Potted a rose, Mended Cart, walked over orchard, Cut some Sorghum grass. Jim & Lou got the apples assorted. Clear. [Page 91] [note written above the date] Overdid myself today. Monday, September 28, 1863 [Temp. 44, 80, 60] Dean took 8 barrels. Man called to see sugar. Var. Warmer than yesterday. Carter girl & Stur girls, 1 Dickinson picked up apples, Jim oversaw & loaded bushels for Metz. I picked up some & assorted, Jim got up 4 barrels. Ms K cut & trimmed Isabella grapes. I cleaned up barn, took down Press & patched straw. Clear. Tuesday 29 [Temp. 50, 80, 62] Dean brought out 200 feet of Lumber. Splendid clear day just right for work. Girls & John picvked belleflowers all forenoon. Just after dinner John got up the load. Shadoan Sallie & Leila came over & shook down Broadwells & Talmans for Cider. I mended mended[repeated word] & picked Capieumont[?] Clear. He left after dinner[?] Wednesday 30 [Temp. 54, 80, 63] D drove Prince to Perrintown & back before dinner. Var. Cloudy nearly all day. Jim Salie Rose Leita & I got up the load. Dean did not get off until after breakfast. Ducket called in the night but could not wake. Dean, I cleaned up Barn & mended what the Mare broke. She eat half our shirts up. Cloudy. �[Page 92] [note written above the date] Could not get up the load today. Thursday, October 1, 1863 Spring broke for the 4 time. Var. Musted at daylight & continued with steady rain all evening during the intervals. Boys picked up apples, John Sturigs picked one band. Dean had a bad day of it. I mended basket, painted plough, filed saw & cleaned up tool shelf. Raining steady. Friday 2 [Temp. 50, 66, 50] Ed & Jul got home from Warren. Var. Turned cool towards night. Jim Sturgis Frank & Lou picked up apples. Dean went after corn. I rode Lone to Blacksmiths & had his shoes pulled off he being used up for work for some time. Tarred the roof. Assorted 2 bskt Pears. Clear. Saturday 3 [see symbol] [Temp. 44, 73, 50] Dean got home to supper. Var. trimmed a little cool after the rain. Windy towards evening. Blew down the fruit terribly. Strugis boys picked all day. Jerin[?] got up [?] for Davis then assorted the load & got it up. I & Jim hauled load of wood with Prince. Un[?] apples & sorted Pears. [Page 93] [note written above the date] Polly went Bull again. Sunday, October 4, 1863 [Temp. 46, 48, 42] Jude & I went to Conklins after supper. Cloudy all day turned very cold & raw. Ed & I walked around the orchard. I repaired & cleaned out my Pit & potted & put nearly all the Flowers down. Sent everywhere to get a horse but without success. Finally got Teal's mare. Cloudy. Monday 5 [Temp. 40, 47, 42] Dean started at 1 P.M. Prince hauled Cart into the Barn full. Cloudy all day very raw for the season. I am dreading snow tonight. Jim got up 15 bush apples for Metz took Ms. Ks apples to Davis & obe load for us. Fourhand picked besdies Ed who picked 10 bush Belleflowers off the trees. Hard work, we put 12 Bushels in the cart. Dean got back at 2 P.M. �Tuesday 6 Shadean was here twice on horseback. Var. very little sunshine the first for four days. Moderated some. Four pickers with Ed picked Belleflowers all day I was busy as a bee. Ms K took Prince to Davis & got 2 Bls Cider to Williamsville & sold one barrel & some gallons & 3 & 1/2 bushels apples. Jim hauled up a cartload of Belleflowers. Cloudy. [Page 94] WEdnesday, October 7, 1863 [Temp. 45, 52, 44] Rained nearly all night and all the forenoon. Jim sawed some wood & got up 8 barrels apples for Kyle whilst I was gone to West Walkers on Prince to buy a horse. I brought them & led them home, had a hard ride. Rained hard whilst I was at Walkers. Cloud & Cold. Thursday 8 [Temp. 38, 57, 50] Dean got off at 2 with a splendid load. Var. cloudy nearly all day. Moderated, Jim undertook to haul wood with new house but disaster slopping & the wagon broke down. Tom got into the stable & made Charley kick everything to pieces. It took me all afternoon to mend it. [?] mended wagon. They began picking Payons Red. Friday 9 Var. Splendid day for work. Jim, Ed, Jul & Ms. K picked Payons red apples all day. Put them in the barn. I fixed the Bin, made legs to a ladder I made yesterday. Dean got back at 4 P.M. Did a poor business for standing in market. Goes again, tonight. Clear. [Page 95] [note written above the date] Thunder tonight. Saturday, October 10, 1863 [Temp. 36, 46, 38] Buss left me, came with Conklin. Took [written above] tea at his brothers. Very foggy this morning, raw. I went to town in the Buss, took fruit to the society, went to Del's, found Harry very sick witth Scarlett Fever, settled work. Cattie who checked me out of about & Dean got home seven. Pickers today. Julia & Ms. K went to town in Buggy to see Harry who is very sick last night. Clear & cold. Sunday 11 [Temp. 42, 58, 42] Ms. K & Jude came home fr town, where he went. Clear all day. Froze hard. Ice in tub. Ed got up and assorted 8 Brls Belleflowers for Peterson. Worked more or less as much a[s] my Boil would allow. Harrison & family brought on their little Kamp in their Coffis[?]. Jenny Randolph. �Monday 12 My Boil disables me the sle[e]pless nights interms. Var. very white frost no ice. Many neighbors came to see little Harry buried. Young Ducket dug the grave. Six pickers today. Ed sorted most of the load. Jim & Lou got 10 doz oats. Pele Jones & wife came Shadoan & Sallie. D walked home. Raining Harrison took Colman to Rose Mill. [Page 96] A Basket of Napoleons Tuesday, October 13, 1863 [Temp. 52, 60, 54] I make a new Picker of Ash & fixed Rained a little in the night & drizzled this morning. Ed & I went down & voled. Ed & Jim picked Splendid Belleflowers & Ed got up the load he worked wist on stopping until dark. I was notable. Got about much b Boil busted. Is better. Clear. Wednesday 14 [Temp. 50, 72, 46]Kyle came to seee about apples. Man got 15 bushels. Var. Splendid day. Dean went to town with Charley again. Ed picked & assorted & hauled up apples all day. Julia tured out & pushed up The Kers of which their were four. I was all moving mending Wagon Box. Clear. Thursday 15 [Temp. 57, 72, 66] Var. Very splendid warm. Six pickers today. Jude worked hard & superintended. I was busy & suffering all day. Put white Peppers & Pennocks in the Barn. Bob Kyle styler. Bob got 6 Barrels at 150. Ed got up the whole load. Metz got 15 bushels & 2 [?] [Page 97] [Note written above the date] Friday, October 16, 1863 [Temp. 57, 72, 60] John came to engage Cider Apples. Va.r Slight rain jsut at breakfast time. Stopped work for a short time. Ed got up the load. 2 Drawers Magnificient Shys onto two pickers. I suffered awfully. They picked Smiths. Cider in the Barn. Dean got back at dusk. Clear. Saturday 17 [Temp. 53, 73, 70] Kate came home tonight. Splendid day. Seven Pickers today. Ed & Jul worked hard all day & made the others work. Lou & Jim took the loads Cider Apples to Dairs for John. I was laid up but had to go out & attend Drs. Chapman & Kline to dig shubbery for Camp Dennis. Clear. �Sunday 18 [Temp. 59, 73, 40] Two men enagaed 36 brush Cider Apples. Var. Rained in the night. Splendid day. Ed & Jim loaded up & Ed & Lou started to market about 1/2 past 12. I walked down to cornfield to get corn for the Pigs. Jim took Ms. K home in the cart. Mr. & Mrs. Conklin called. Clouds. Turned quite cold. [Page 98] [note written above the date] Lou went with Ed. Monday, October 19, 1863 [Temp. 36, 60, 45] Ed & Jim loaded up 6 Barrels. Var. very fine day nearly [?] 4 Pickers Kyle & Sturgis. I was busy all day. My Boil much better. I mended hand Cart & bushed the cart wheel. Jul worked with the Pickers. Ed went to market yesterday & got back about 4 today. Clear. Tuesday 20 [Temp. 44, 70, 61] Put Rome beauties in the Barn. Var. Indian summer weather. I was on foot all day. Fixed a fastening to the Barn doors. 5 Pickers today. Ed got up the load alone [?] up Sorhum. Jim bladed Sugar Cane, Jul bossed the girls & worked. Drizzling. Wednesday 21 [Temp. 40, 58, 47] Dean just got home 8 P.M. Dull sale. Var. Splendid day for work. One Picker. Ed got up 7 Barrels alone, Jul picked, Prince hauled up six loads in the Cart. Men got 30 bushels cider apples at 20 cents. I mended Basket, picked a barrel. Jul phockens cleaned out the apple house. Clear. [Page 99] [note written above the date] Lou took apples to Davis (Indian Summer) for cider. Thursday, October 22, 1863 Dean got back at 7:15. Var. very cool almost frost. Ed assorted the load seven. We got up the Smiths Cider & I picked nearly a barrel of Splendid Pecks Pleasants. Geo Young worked 3 hours cutting Sorghum & Foddes he got Cider apples & some for Apple Butter. �Friday 23 [Temp. 43, 40, 34] Jim hauled three loads of wood. Var. rained all night, it prevented Deans going to market. Drizzled nearly all day. Grew colder. Very raw. I got up a band Tellighockens[?]. Two men got 12 bushels cider apples at 25 pr bushel. Cider tonight than it has been yet at look squally. Cloudy. Saturday 24 [Temp. 28, 44, 32] Baldwin got 10 bushels apples. Var. cold & cloudy all day. Froze hard last night. Appls suffered some but a adieu to them tonight. Ed Jon Lou & Elmore got up Jannets into apple house. I picked all the Pears. Took up flower & put in the Pit. Put on sash, mended step,ladder & did a hundred other things. Dean made out poor. Cloudy. Freezing. [Page 100] Sunday, October 25, 1863 [Temp. 28, 50, 40] Var. very cool. Hard forst. We loafed today. I picked Pecks. Pleasant in OPO. Gibbons all came out and spent the day which broke into our arrangment. I took up five Roses for Kate. Ms. C & Ms Sampson this evening. Clear. Monday 26 [Temp. 33, 30, 43] Kate left for town on her wayhorse. Var. Cloudy most of the day. Mackerel by two pickers today. They got in three loads of Jannets. I cleared out the wheat bin & pulled at fruit, Ed & I got up the load. I huusked Bushel of Corn. Mr Baker got got 15 B. cider apples & 13 B. good ones. Clouds. Tuesday 27 [see symbol] [Temp. 34, 52, 39] Lou went with Dean at 12, dear little fellow. Clear, Splendid day. White frost. Two pickers today. They finished the Jannets & got them in the barn all but the small ones. I picked Shys Romebeanbys & Smiths Cider Red Russets very fine. Husked corn fixed Bin. Clear. (Perhaps I shall [?] Lou again) [Page 101] Wednesday, October 28, 1863 [Temp. 27, 54, 37] �I walked to Lane's and got him to agree to make on molasses. Var. Hazy most of the day, very hard freeze. Hurt the apples considerably. Two pickers began getting in Romantis. Ed loaded & hauled 50 bushels Jannets to Davis for Johns Cider. I mended BM fence and worked hard all day, husked corn &c. Clear. Thursday 29 [Temp. 38, 68, 58] Sent Sugar Cane to Lanes. A man got 21 bushels apples $14.50. Rained a little tihs morning but soon cleared up & became a splendid day. Ms Blanchard borrowed the Buggy for the day. Ed got up six barrels & started for twon at 2 P.M. D Durham called to see about his bees. Clear & warm. Friday 30 [Temp. 52, 58, 54] Burried Cabbage yesterday. Fixed Bell. Began raining at 4 A.M. & continued nearly all day & still raining. Ed had an awful time with his load. Got soaking wet. Kate has been dangerously sick. I wrote to Hammond today. Was not told much. Jim cleared out mad & I am afraid he is gone for good. Raining. [Page 102] [note written above the date] Jim went to Lanes for Sorghum. 59 all[?]. Saturday, October 31, 1863 [Temp. 52, 48, 34] Jul left for town with Conklin. Cloudy & misty all day turning cold very rappidly. I have laid up all day with Boil No 2 suffering excruciating pain. Ed got up apples towards the load. I managed to get dinner under difficulms. Cloudy. Sunday, November 1, 1863 Moderated. Old Clark came to see about apples. Var. Very fine day. I get the meals today suffering intensely while so engaged. I made splendid Soup Bread Pudding & Tulpyhocker apple sauce, that is about all that was done except feeding. I brought up corn & dried it in the oven. Clear. Monday 2 [Temp. 44, 71, 69] Var. Moderated considerably except a hard rain before morning. Ed & Elmore picked up the cart loads. Newtowns besides small ones. I got the meals, put 2 iron hoofs on contraband & put in time, husked corn, raked 4 cartloads of leaves for the pigpen & leathered Rub blocks. Clear. [Page 103] �Tuesday, November 3, 1863 [Temp. 48, 56, 42] Dean took 7 bls to town. Var. Rained a little most of the night. Cleared off & turned out fine. Ed picked up Newtowns all day. Made up six barrels for the load. I some left in the cart. I did house work, churned, mended well & milk bucket with all very lame. Clear & cool. Wednesday 4 [Temp. 38, 65, 60] Rumaway not got back yet. Var. Moderated again. Splendid day. Four pickers today & the last I suppose, all the Romanites & considerable gleaning done. Ed made up seven Bls for Dean. I did house work again suffering as usual. Cleaned up the barn chaos. Clear & mild. Thursday 5 [see symbol] [Temp. 38, 65, 48] Jul fooled us again. Var. Looked very much like rain but cleared up fine. Jim started off & got as far as Carmel. Came back at dark. Ed & I started to husking corn but more stopped by Dunham calling for his Trees after which Ed finished the piece & got nearly 10 bushels. Dean got home late & made [?]. Clear & Cool. [Page 104] Friday, November 6, 1863 [Temp. 42, 55, 40] Fine clear day. Turned cool towards night. Ed & Jim went up & husked the corn at Carters. 6 Bushels hauled down the Fodder & stacked near the Barn gate. I was very sick all night with violent chill & dreadful suffering headache all day. Clear. Saturday 7 [Temp. 41, 71, 51] Jul got home with Conklin. Splendid clear day. Ed fixed a barrel for Smith & some for Market than sorted all the apples under the Hickory Tree. A good job. I did house work. Dug seedling Potoatoes, Lined Cider & raked & ha[u]led leaves to Pig Pen. Clear. Sunday 8 [Temp. 38, 48, 34] I covered covered [repeated word] my Potatoes. Var. Cloudy nearly all day gradually becoming Cold. The prospect for a haed frost is very fair which is bad as there are many apples out yet. John & a Dutchman caled & walked over the orchard. I did a little Tarring as it looked like rain but it cleared off. �[Page 105] Monday, November 9, 1863 [Temp. 28] Fine but very cool. Ed finished getting up his seven barrel. Jim & I got up the Belomnts. Ed & I left for town at 12 M. & like to have frozen going Jim took wheat to mill but did not get it ground. Tuesday 10 [Temp. 28] Clear & cold. Kate did not get to Dels until dinner time. I looked through the market stand at Dels nearly all day. Jim did nothing but load up cider apples. Clear & cold. Wednesday 11 [Temp. 32] Clear & Cold. No one kept the thermometer. Ed & Jim got up Ms Gibsons apples 4 Bls & 2 bls for Del. Lou & Charlie got to Dels about 9 o clock. Kate & I called to see Louisa Masch. Poor thing. I fear she may be on her last bed. Jim went to mill again for nothing. Clear. [Page 106] Thursday, November 12, 1863 [Temp. 42, 64, 54] McGuire engaged 150 trees. Clear, magnificent day the finest I ever remember in November. Julia being quite sick I had to do housework. Could not do much out. Ed & Jim went to town with Gibsons & Dels apples. I got the well bucket up & mended it. Kept busy all day. Clear. Friday 13 [Temp. 48, 61, 62] Ed left at noon. Jul & Pearl rode out in the Buggy. Var. Looked very much like rain. Very muld Indian Summer. Ed & Jim got up six barrels & three baskets. Cow got in the Barn & destroyed the apple awfully. I measured the Brandy & put it in a smaller cask 30 Gallons. I was busy all day. Lilla walker over. Saturday 14 [see symbol] [Temp. 49, 59, 44] Polly got out & made her escape. Began raining about 6 All & rained gently all the forenoon. Jim sawed wood & husked some Corn. Ed Hall helped him. I husked Big Corn & fixed the Big [?] so as to tar it. Ed got home at dark. Rained hard in town. Very cloudy, turned cool. �[Page 107] [Temp. 39, 39, 38] Jim took Lilla in the cart. Misted & drizzled all day. I staid in the house all day excepting a couple of races after the cow who got out yesterday & staid out all night. Dean called & got his whip & took the hooks off of the lines. Ed quite sick all day. Drizzling. Monday 16 [Temp. 38, 43, 40] Jim too kPrince down to the shed. Drizzled all night & all day. One of the most diagreeable days immaginable. Jim sawed some wood & went hunting. I read nearly all day not daring to go out. Ed still quite unwell. Mustering still. Tuesday 17 [Temp. 40, 48, 44] Ms C & Jul rode buggy to depot. Ms C came home with Jul. Rained all night & misted half the day. Sun shone a few minutes but clouded over again. I coughed all night quite sick all day. Jim picked up a few Newtons in the Pear O. He took a load of Cider apples to Davis (Conklin took tea with Jul). Cloudy. [Page 108] Wednesday, November 18, 1863 [Temp. 40, 50, 53] Var. Considerable sunshine today turning warm apif[?] it would rain again. Jim hauled three loads of wood. Found some stolen. Ed sorted apples in the Barn. A man got 100 appletrees, 2 Peas & 1 Doz Strawberry hearts. Clear. Thursday 19 [Temp. 48, 67, 59] Ed started at 12. Jim hauled wood all day. Ed got in his load 7 Bls. I fizxed two baskets of fine Clear Pears. Jim took up apples for cider & brought home a barrel of Cider. John came after his brandy 30 Galls. Friday 20 [Temp. 38, 38, 54] Jim worked hard all day. Letter from Kate. Began drizzling at 12 last night & continued all day almost without intermission. Jim stacked the wood in the woodhouse & hauled one load I did nothing but read, being too unwell to go out. Ed got home at dusk being too unwell to go out. Cloudy. �[Page 109] Saturday, November 21, 1863 [Temp. 38, 43, 35] Mistd all the forenoon very disagreeable raw. Ed sorted apples at the Barn. Jim & Bob Dickinson husked 10 bushels of Corn out of the woods piece. I did nothing but read. Jul went to the store with Tom. Sunday 22 [Temp. 29, 40, 33] Jul got three teeht plugged. Conklins called. Var. cold all day. Froze the ground pretty hard. Jim took a vomiting spell which prostrated him the whole day. Ed had to do all his work. Jul & Pearl went to Sallie's & I did wk the house work. Clear & frosty. Jim took wagon to Willowville. Share. Monday 23 [Temp. 28, 50, 44, 44] Sturgiss & Dickinson picked up apples on share. Var. Cold all the forenoon. Moderated after dinner. Ed got in four Barrels of apples & a barrel of Cider for Harrison & left about 11 oclock. Jul raked up Leaves. i carried away in Basket & raked some, fixed myself. Drizzling. [Page 110] [note written above the date] Ed got home at 2 P.M. Tuesday, November 24, 1863 [Temp. 53, 63, 38] Jul & I went to Sallies after dinner. Var. Misty again before noon. Rained pretty hard in the night. Jim sawed wood & ransacked the country for Lard & Eggs. Got no Eggs. Cowhouse roof felt in. Jim went after the cart & wheels & old rigging. Brought home 30 Galls Brandy. Pumpkin pies. Night wind. Wednesday 25 [Temp. 34, 40, 38] Pearl went home in the Buss. Var cloudy near all day. Very raw & chilly. Jim husked corn near the wood & my seedling. McGuire came & got 15 hoes at $5. Silence reigned supreme. I read some Hamburg vine & covered it. Cloudy. Thursday 26 [Temp. 28, 50, 34] �Skles did clear day. We all took at Conklins. Thanksgiving. Ed was unwell, & I was a little feverish but it wore ooff. Jim & I shelled corn. My seedling & he went to mill but did not get it ground. Brought home flour & Chopfeed. Clear. [Page 111] [note written above the date] Jim &I caught a rabbit. Friday, November 27, 1863 [Temp. 28, 60, 54] Ed would go although all rain signs mecauled. Var. Moderated during the day. Ed fixed his load for Tom. I sorted out nearly three baskets of poor Pears the last. I felt bad before dinnerbut husked Corn afternoon. Got very cold feet. I expect to cough for it. Cloudy & windy. Saturday 28 [Temp. 50, 48, 56]Sold the last Pears today. Rained hard nearly all night & rained & misted most of the day. Ed had another nice time in the rain but did first rate. Jim sawed some wood but loafed mostly. I fitted a handle to the Splitting Axe. Cold & Cloudy. Sunday 29 [Temp. 22, 24, 18] Cloudy & Bitter cold all day so cold that we could not be out. I went to Barn & measured the rest of the corn which was in the waon & put it in the crib. ul went over to Conklins a little while. I fear for the apples in barn. Cloudy. [Page 112] Monday, November 30, 1863 [Temp. 10, 32, 20] Very cold all day. Jim went to the mill & got the meal. After dinner I killed the Pig & had the devils own time cleaning it. I ws out most of the day. Ed had fever. Apples all froze hard in the Barn & applehouse. Clear. Tuesday, December 1 [see symbol] [Temp. 26, 46, 40] Ed had fever agian after noon. Var. Fine day although cold it did not appear so. I cut up the Pig, Scalded & Washed the Barrel & salled it down. Made iron hoop & put it in the wine barrel, washed it out & began racking cider. Sifted Meal &c. Clear. Moderated Wind S. Jul made Lard. Wednesday 2 �[Temp. 37, 50, 34] Ed had fever again. Var. Clear mosto f the day. Moderated fixing for rain. I finished racking the Barrel of Cider. It is splendid. I then husked Corn. Jim hauled wood & 14 doz Blades of Sorghum from Ducket. He is sick tonight. Has a chill. Clear. [Page 113] [Temp. 36, 52, 44] Ed got up 4 Bls apples & Barrel Cider. Var. Moderated very much. The thaw makes the ground very cold. I did various jobs about. Mended big gate, tamed leaks in roof, husked some corn but had backache so bad I had to quit. Friday 4 [Temp. 48, 56, 46] Sallie sick, sent for Jul to come over. Var. Mackarel sky turning warmer. Jim & Bob D husked in Fodder all day. I cleaned up Barn floor, put Romanites in the Barn. I then racked Cider. Ed got home at 10 oclock having sold out last night. Ms Conklin called. Ed sick tonight. Clouds. Saturday 5 [Temp. 38, 52, 38] Jul has not returned. Ed sorted apples all day. Var. Very cloudy at sunrise. Splendid day. Jim & Bob haule up one load of Fodder & a small load of Corn. I did housework. Papered the kitchen cieling where it was broken off & scrubb the Kitchen. It took me three hours. Made a bread pudding & applesauce. [Page 114] Sunday, December 6, 1863 [Temp. 26, 40, 30] Var. Rather pleasant. I did housework as Julia did not get home after dinner. Ed started over those afoot bringing over the Buggy. He met Miss Witham. I went back with her & found Sallie dieing. She left about half past six conscious to the last. Clear. Jim took Cider apples. Monday 7 Ms Conklin took tea with us & spent the evening. Var. Cold but file as ant[?] I slept with Shadoan on the manow[?] Lounge & was cold all night. Had a troubling. I brot over the grave digger & set them to work. Had to get dinner for him and his son. They took Sallie over about 3 P.M. & burried her. Del, Harrison & Pet just got here in time. Clear. Tuesday 8 [see symbol] [Temp. 36, 50, 42] �Harrison, Del & Pet left after brekafast. Var. Cloudy nearly all day. Looks lke rain. Jim fooled his time away. Husked about three bushels of corn. Ed got off at about 11 AMsure to be caught in the rain. I husked some corn, made scraper, mended Barn ladder & sundry other [?]. Cloudy. [Page 115] [note written above the date] Jule & I went over to Conklins. Ms Thompson called. Wednesday, December 9, 1863 [see symbol] [Temp. 38, 43, 40] Ed got home to supper. Cloudy all day. Looked very much like rain. Jim did very little. Cows got in twice. I felt bad & did very little. Sold 10 trees to a Dutchman. Made Loila a stool. She rode on Charley over to Williamsville & back. Cloudy. Thursday 10 [Temp. 38, 40, 38] I went to Davis after the Cider. Ms Ducket called. Cloudy dark & raw all day. E Wind. Jim pretended to husk corn. Broke the wagon tongue & drove out cowws. I overhauled Georges act. Found it overrun mine over $20. I drove cows & built up fence. Pulled up Beets & crowed them. Ed worked with apples. Friday 11 [Temp. 38, 53, 53] Rained before day & has misted & rained all day. Jim sawed wood & greased Harness. I cut fodder tops & made cowfeed she euts[?] He took ole[?]. Ed had dreadful backache. Jim sorted some apples. I papered back of the stove &c. Dark & drizzle. [Page 116] Saturday, December 12, 1863 [Temp. 48, 56, 54] Drizzled & rained all day & is at it yet. Jim sorted apples in the Barn & sawed wood. I linkened all day at one thing or another. Tried to make the Pump work better. Jul worked hard. Ed quite unwell. Raining. Sunday 13 [Temp. 52, 56, 53] I had another cow drive & fence fixing. Rained all night & drizzled most of the day, a most gloomy prospect. Nothing but mud & & [ampersand repeated] mise [mice?] for some time. I �was out a while looking for Peas buds but found them very scarce. This is bad for puel[?] buds. So much warm weather. Raining. Monday 14 [Temp. 42, 34, 29] Ed & Jul rode to Lanes store. Cloudy all day. Burned cold & snowed a little. I gave Jim a blowing lip & he did much better today. He sawed wood & I was going to husk Corn but it turned too cold. I arranged George's account & read. Cloudy cold & wind. [Page 117] [note written above the date] Gave Dned[?] apples Sanblory Fair yesterday. Jim pulled some corn in the trusk. Cloudy & cold all day. Very gloomy day. ED loaded up six barrels & left at 11 oclock. I rakced the cider which was in the molasses barrel inot the clear one & began boliing down the rest. I made Bouce & put on the meat. Cloudy. Wednesday 16 [Temp. 27, 31, 33] I racked Cider & made Apple Butter & &c. Cloudy in the forenoon. Snowed afternoon. Slicted after supper & now Raining hard with Thunder very unusual. Jim pulled two cartloads of Corn & sawed wood. Jul taken with verh[?]. Got vomiting which continued all day. Ed came home & had a vomiting spell. Rain & Thunder. Thursday 17 [Temp. 50, 28, 30] Ed wrote to Kate. I put in a line. Rained & Thundered hard most of the night. Drizzled most of the day. Jim husked corn in the Barn. I tinkered with the Pump & made it worse. Did not find the leak. I cleaned up the Barn & cut fodder. Ed just taken with Hemmorhage. Cloudy & windy. [Page 118] Friday, December 18, 1863 [Temp. 24, 26, 20] Var. Snowed a little this morning & again tonight. Jim Leila & I hauled two bushels of Corn. He plled two loads of Corn & hauled up. I churned & made Cider molasses. Jul called on Mrs. Sturgis who is sick. Snowing. Saturday 19 [Temp. 12, 24, 16] �Ed very unwell today. Cloudy, a few minutes sunshine. Very cold all day. Jim sawed wood, he sawed some for Conklins. I went to Moores Mill. Got 2 Bushels. Corn ground & a bag of Shorts. Jul went as far as Gests got her Bonnet fixed. I paid Taxes & bot a Tureky. Cloudy & bitter cold. Sunday 20 [Temp. 10, 25, 22] Var. Cloud & very cold all day. Nothing but reading & warming done today. Jim cut up some [?]. I felt like kicking him out. Jul & I went over to Conklins and spent the evening. Cloudy. Too cold to snow. [Page 119] Monday, December 21, 1863 [Temp. 24, 40, 36] Ed quite unwell, no fever but bad cough. Var. Considerable sunshine. Moderated. Jim finished getting in the Corn. I began quitting away the debris of the Cowhouse, which had fallen down some time ago. Jim went to Carmel to get shoes but did not succeed. Shadoan called twice. Thin clouds. Tuesday 22 [Temp. 30, 31, 30] Two stray gees came yesterday. Cloudy & towering all day. Looks very much like snow. Jim & Frank Ducket got in the rest of the Fodder. He cut wood for Conklins. Ed went to town with Conklins. I had the blues for two or three days. Wednesday 23 [Temp. 28, 28, 20] Cloudy all day & very cold & going to be colder tnoight. Jim spent the morning at the Shoemakers. Sawed some wood. I was very much under the weather. Severe pain in the Heart. Ed got home late with Conklins. & very unwell. Clear & cold. [Page 120] Thursday, December 24, 1863 [Temp. 14, 34, 24] Del got my note of alarm and came in the Buss. Clear & bitter cold all day. My dear boy was taken with dreadful hemorrhage of the Lungs at 3 oclock A.M., & after nearly suffocating, lulled off until 11 AM, when he had a severe attack & succumbed. Adieu, dear son. Clear. Friday 25 [Temp. 26, 40, 32] �Harrison came in Bugg & took Del home. Var. This is the gloomiest day of my life, my only son Edward was buried! I never knew how much I loved him! Satuday 26 [see symbol] [Temp. 36, 46, 42] I took Ms. K & D Shadoan home. Got very damp. Nothing worth recording. All looks blank --letter from Slittman, violent pain in my heart still. Drizzling. [Page 121] [Temp. 42, 48, 49] Rained all night and all day & still at it. Jul & I took dinner at Conklins at suppertime. I cut cowfeed. Raining. Monday 28 [Temp. 37, 34, 36] Cloudy all day. Spit shower[?] & sleet a little. Jim sawed wood. I was busy fixing alarm clock &c. Ms Dickinson & Jul washed. We had options which had been intended for Christmastime. Cloudy & windy. Tuesday 29 [Temp. 32, 40] I went to Dels & took Sophy to Baza. Var. Jim & I loaded up two barrels of Cider & took it to town & sold it to Paul for $16. We took Tom & Charley, intending to sell Lehang[?]. Put up at woods where Jim slept. Cloudy. [Page 122] Wednesday, December 30, 1863 Sent Jim home with Tom & wagon. Drizzled all day. I came near suffocating at the Bazarr last night & riding in the rain twice to Nora Depot & Cameys Stable caused Hemorrhage of the throat & Cold, could not sell him. Thursday 31 [Temp. 50] Drizzled all day & what I wrote yesterday occured today. Snowed by bedtime & great change. Julia came in the late train. Found her at Dels. Snowing. One of us gone, Poor Ed! Will we be here next year? Perhaps this is the last diary I shall complete. [remaining memoranda pages left blank] �[Cash Account, January] [Cash Account, February] [Cash Account, March] [Cash Account, April] [Cash Account, May] [Cash Account, June] [Cash Account, July] [Cash Account, August] [Cash Account, September] [Cash Account, October] [November & December cash accounts left blank] [Memoranda Page 1] [Memoranda Page 2] [Memoranda Page 3] [Inside Back Cover] [Back Cover] � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-51-Peticolas-diary Title A name given to the resource Theodore Peticolas Diaries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1863 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Peticolas, Theodore (1800-?) Description An account of the resource Theodore Victor Peticolas, born 29 Feb. 1800 in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, was a fruit farmer in Union Township, Clermont County, Ohio at the time he maintained this diary. It contains his account of the day-to-day routine farm work, crops, family, neighbors, and social life. Peticolas' son Edward, by 1863, had been discharged from the 6th Ohio Infantry Regiment for a disability suffered in the War. Edward died on Christmas eve, 1863. Subject The topic of the resource Diaries Peticolas, Theodore V. Peticolas, Edward Agriculture Farms, Small Fruit growers Personal narratives, United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 United States. Army. Ohio Infantry Regiment, 6th (1861-1864) Clermont County (Ohio) Ohio Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4fa6a435f09e1814c4fa10de5a650117.pdf 0ee6ec047ba31a3f574ca1b011efdd5f PDF Text Text Theological Method: The Search For a New Paradigm in a Pluralistic Age Article by Richard A. Rhem Minister of Preaching and Theological Inquiry Christ Community Church Spring Lake, Michigan Published in Reformed Review A Theological Journal of Western Theological Seminary 101 East 13th Street, Holland, Michigan Spring, 1986 Leafing through a manila folder labeled “Theological Methodology” was an exercise in nostalgia. A few of us requested a reading course with Dr. Osterhaven in which we would examine various models of theological method and write a paper for presentation to the group. Perhaps it was there that my interest in theological method was stimulated or, perhaps, the desire to study the subject with Dr. Osterhaven arose from a distinction made by one of his esteemed teachers, Dr. Albertus Pieters, whose Facts and Mysteries of the Christian Faith fascinated me as a youth. Dr. Pieters distinguished systematic and biblical theology and gave clear preference to the latter. It was a moment of awakening; I was faced with the fact that the systematician's logical formulations might not always faithfully reflect the biblical witness; indeed, at times they might actually distort biblical truth. No task places one in the tension between the richness and diversity of the biblical witness and the systematization of the faith more than the task of preaching each Lord's Day. Thus I have continued to be challenged with the need to do theology in such a way that what comes to expression in the sermon is a faithful witness to biblical faith evidencing sensitivity to the contemporary situation. The sermon is the end product of the significant encounter of the Word and the world in the mind and heart of the preacher, and the theological task must be pursued to that end that the truth may find expression within the present horizon. It will be my purpose here to reflect on the substratum on which the sermon rests in the conviction that preaching with integrity demands not only theological understanding, but also self-consciousness of one's theological method. © Grand Valley State University �Search for a New Paradigm in a Pluralistic Age Richard A. Rhem Page 2 It is a great privilege to offer the following discussion of theological method in honor of a highly esteemed teacher in whose person the authenticity and integrity of the Christian thinker is modeled out. A NEW BASIC MODEL OF THEOLOGY? In May of 1983, seventy professors of theology from around the world gathered at the University of Tubingen in Germany. The international ecumenical symposium was organized by the Institute for the Advanced Study of Religion at the University of Chicago, the International Magazine for Theology, Concilium, and the Institute for Ecumenical Research in Tubingen. The leading spirit in organizing the event was Professor Dr. Hans Küng, head of the Tubingen Institute. The key question was, “Is a base consensus in Christian theology possible today despite all differences?” In his introductory remarks, Hans Küng set the stage for the discussion. He said, The natural sciences, humanities, democratic plural societies and freedom movements of all kinds all have radical consequences, specifically also for theology, whose outgrowths have not yet even been conceptualized, much less dealt with. But is theology dependent on such multifaceted tensions, such divergent systems, or even fads? Or is a new, changed basic model of theology recognizable? Is there, then, a new “paradigm of theology,” which might adequately react to the present changed experience? Are there universal constants despite all the differing theories, methods, and structures in such a “new paradigm” which every Christian theology must advance because, scientifically, they are held accountable by the Christian faith? The key word in understanding the task of this symposium is “paradigm” which was introduced into this theological discussion from a discussion in the natural sciences by Thomas Kuhn whose book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, became the catalyst for reflection on the history of theological development. Kuhn defined paradigm as, an entire constellation of beliefs, values, technics, and so on shared by the members of a given community.1 On the basis of that understanding of paradigm, Hans Küng charted the history of theology, attempting to locate those points of significant ferment in the Church which led to the evolving of a new model or paradigm. He set forth a tentative periodization beginning with the primitive Christian theology that was shaped by apocalypticism followed by the Greek and Latin Fathers of the Patristic period, the East-West schism of the Eleventh Century, the Reformation of the Sixteenth Century, including the Counter-Reformation of the Roman Church, the development of modern philosophy and the natural sciences of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, including the Enlightenment, the French and © Grand Valley State University �Search for a New Paradigm in a Pluralistic Age Richard A. Rhem Page 3 American Revolutions and the Twentieth Century theological movements beginning with Barth's Dialectical Theology and including Existentialist, Hermeneutical and the various Liberation Theologies of the present. From these major shifts in the history of the Church and in theological posture, Küng finds five models or paradigms operational in the present whose roots lie in the major shifts of the past. Stemming from the Ancient Church is the model of Eastern Orthodoxy; from the Medieval period there remains a Roman Catholic traditionalism; from the Reformation era there developed a Protestant orthodoxy which is still embraced; from the Enlightenment classical Liberalism developed and in strong reaction to that Nineteenth Century Liberalism, the revolution whose catalyst was Karl Barth in the early decades of this Century, Dialectical Theology with several variants in the present. His schematization gives credence to the contention that eruptive events in Church and society often result in new insights, new angles of vision which are the catalyst for the conception of a new paradigm, a new model of theology. The Symposium held at Tübingen in 1983 had as its purpose the endeavor to find a new paradigm that could gather the best insights of the biblical studies of the modern period along with the understanding of the world, history and human existence available to us through all of the academic disciplines. Such a paradigm, Kiting contends, must be truthful, not conformist or opportunist; free, not authoritarian; critical, not fundamentalist or traditionalist; ecumenical, not denominationalist or confessionalist. A theology in the horizon of the present world of experience and critically rooted in the biblical tradition would be a theology at the same time both Catholic and evangelical, both traditional and contemporary, both Christocentric and universalist, both theoretical-scholarly and practical-pastoral. In sum: the quest is for a critical, ecumenical theology. In a paper read to the Symposium, Küng discussed the process by which these major shifts took place in the history of the Christian tradition. As indicated above, the study by the historian of science, Thomas Kuhn, was the catalyst for surveying shifts in theological understanding. Kuhn's book was a major challenge to the traditional self-understanding of natural science. According to Kuhn, progress in the natural sciences has not come through an orderly acquisition of knowledge which has cumulatively issued in our present body of scientific data. Much rather, progress has come in spurts, through major breakthroughs in understanding which have forced the replacement of a former model of understanding with a new model or paradigm. Küng writes, Kuhn's heretical main thesis is that radically new theories arise neither by verification nor by falsification but by the replacement - in individual cases, highly complex and protracted - of a hitherto accepted explanatory model (paradigm) by a new one. 2 © Grand Valley State University �Search for a New Paradigm in a Pluralistic Age Richard A. Rhem Page 4 As an example of this process, Küng cites the shift from a Ptolemaic astronomy to the Copernican view. ... The more the movements of the stars were studied and corrected in the light of the Ptolemaic system, the more material was produced to refute that system. And the same thing happened not only with the Copernican revolution but also with the Newtonian, the chemical and the Einsteinian revolutions. ... The process may be tedious, protracted and complex. And these are transitional periods in which at first only the stereotypes of the old model begin to break up. But the critical state of the traditional theory increasingly comes to light. A period of pronounced insecurity generally precedes the emergence of new theories, which in the end leads to the destruction of the paradigm. In a word, crisis is the usual condition for the rejection of a hitherto accepted paradigm. 3 Scientific progress according to Kuhn comes not through an evolutionary, cumulative process, but through scientific revolution. Confirming and developing the thesis of Thomas Kuhn in regard to systemological analysis is Stephen Toulmin, who in the preface to his basic work entitled, Human Understanding, states his central thesis as follows: ... in science and philosophy alike, an exclusive preoccupation with logical systematicity has been destructive of both historical understanding and rational criticism. Men demonstrate their rationality, not by ordering their concepts and beliefs in tidy formal structures, but by their preparedness to respond to novel situations with open minds - acknowledging the shortcomings of their formal procedures and moving beyond them.4 From Kuhn’s work in the history of science and Toulmin's study of human understanding we come to the surprising recognition that the respective scientific disciplines and philosophical movements do their model building and systematization in the wake of new insight - some breakthrough in understanding or some intuitive grasp of truth which shatters the prevailing model or paradigm, forcing upon the community (academic or social or ecclesiastical) a new way of looking at Reality. This development has been especially fruitful in the theological discussions being carried on by the Universities of Tubingen and Chicago, highlighted at the Symposium to which I referred above. Hans Küng's attempt at a periodization of theological development is an attempt to demonstrate that there are fascinating parallels between that development and development in the natural sciences. He lists five parallels: © Grand Valley State University �Search for a New Paradigm in a Pluralistic Age Richard A. Rhem Page 5 A. As in natural sciences, so also in the theological community, there is a “normal science” with its classical authors, textbooks and teachers, which is characterized by a cumulative growth of knowledge, by a solution of remaining problems (“puzzles”) and by resistance to everything that might result in a changing as replacement of the established paradigm. B. As in natural science, so also in the theological community, awareness of a growing crisis is the starting position for the advent of a drastic change in certain hitherto prevailing basic assumptions and eventually causes the breakthrough of a new paradigm or model of understanding. When the available rules and methods break down, they lead to a search for new ones. C. As in natural science, so also in the theological community, an older paradigm or model of understanding is replaced when a new one is available, D. As in natural science, so too in the theological community, in the acceptance or rejection of a new paradigm, not only scientific, but also extra-scientific factors are involved, so that the transition to a new model cannot be purely rationally extorted, but may be described as a conversion. E. In the theological community as in natural science, it can be predicted only with difficulty, in the midst of great controversies, whether a new paradigm is absorbed into the old, replaces the old or is shelved for a long period. But if it is accepted, innovation is consolidated as tradition. 5 Küng adds a word from Albert Einstein at this point, who said on one occasion, “Smashing prejudices is more difficult than smashing atoms.” But Küng adds, “Once they are smashed, they release forces that can perhaps move mountains.” These theses set forth by Küng he calls only provisional. They are offered for discussion and he is well aware where the critical question arises. After stating these parallels, he continues, And yet the question is thrust upon us: Does not theology, even Christian truth itself, faced by nothing but paradigm changes and new conceptions, become a victim of historical relativism which makes it impossible any longer to perceive the Christian reality and makes every paradigm equally true, equally valid? Perhaps the natural scientist is not very much concerned with this problem, but it is of the greatest consequence for the Christian theologian ... Let us therefore pose the question: Does a paradigm change involve a total break? 6 Küng's conviction is that in both science and theology there is preserved a continuity when there is a shift in paradigm. In theology he insists, We have to avoid the choice not only between an absolutist and a relativist view, but also between a radical continuity and a radical discontinuity. © Grand Valley State University �Search for a New Paradigm in a Pluralistic Age Richard A. Rhem Page 6 Every paradigm change shows at the same time continuity and discontinuity, rationality and irrationality, conceptual stability and conceptual change, evolutionary and revolutionary elements. 7 Further, in theology and the historical sciences much more than in the basically un-historical natural sciences, “ ... it is therefore not a question of a new invention of a tradition. It is a question of a new formulation of tradition, admittedly in the light of a new paradigm.” The problem of continuity is a more serious problem for theology because theology deals with “truth.” Kuhn as a scientist must leave alone the ultimate questions of the “whence” and the “whither” of the world process and the human drama. Theology addresses those very ultimate questions. Thus there are not only parallels between the development of natural science and theology but there are also some significant differences. Christian theology lives out of the primordial event which is its source, its norm and to which it must continually return - the event of Israel and of Jesus Christ as set forth in the Scriptures. This primordial event which has found its preeminent expression in Jesus and is attested to in Scripture is not simply a past datum to be analyzed and interpreted but is a dynamic living force which time and again breaks out - for example, in the personal crisis of a Martin Luther. As Küng expresses it, The gospel itself then - obviously always in connection with a particular development in contemporary world history - appears here as a direct cause of the theological crisis, as ground of discontinuity in theology, as impetus to the new paradigm. 8 Further, because theology is anchored to a past historical event, a new paradigm may emerge and theological upheaval may occur, but there can never be the total replacement or total suppression of the old paradigm. Thus Küng declares a revolution in Christian theology can never take place except on the basis of and ultimately because of the gospel, and never against the gospel. 9 Another difference from a paradigm shift in the natural sciences is that in theology, because of the existential nature of the “decision of faith,” the academic decision for one paradigm or another is not always distinguished from the “decision of faith;” the person for whom the Christian reality comes to clear expression in a new paradigm causing him to abandon the old paradigm may be seen as choosing against the gospel itself of which the paradigms are but structures for understanding. © Grand Valley State University �Search for a New Paradigm in a Pluralistic Age Richard A. Rhem Page 7 Finally, and closely connected to the foregoing observation, is the fact that when the Church and theological community reject a paradigm, ... rejection easily leads to condemnation, discussion to excommunication; gospel and theology, content of faith and outward form of faith, are identified.10 Because this is such a powerful tendency in the Christian community, when a new model of understanding is accepted, it is soon turned into tradition and tradition in turn becomes a new traditionalism. With the discussion of how knowledge has advanced in the history of science as the catalyst, Küng has thus surveyed the development of theological understanding to the present, observing both parallels and differences between the history of science and the history of theology. But his purpose is not simply information but, rather, the study is being engaged in in order to determine if there is a base consensus in Christian theology today. Are all the elements of ferment at work today in the Church pointing to a new paradigm in theology and, if so, what would such a paradigm look like? We have noted some of the essential characteristics that must be reflected in a new basic model for theology in our day. Beyond the characteristics listed, the parameters of any new paradigm must be set by two constants which provide the two poles in reference to which the Christian message must come to expression: The first constant: The present world as horizon. The second constant: The Christian message as standard. The “horizon” within which theological reflection must happen and theological formulation must occur is “our own present world of human experience.” Küng asserts: One thing should now be clear: that the reality of world, humanity, myself, is revealed in depth in its obvious ambivalence, its radical contingency and its continual change: an ongoing history of success and suffering, justice and injustice, happiness and unhappiness, salvation and disaster, sense and nonsense. Nor does this mean making the world evil, so that theologians can more easily get their God involved; it means taking stock without prejudice of what is. Theology does not create any reality, but interprets it. 11 The second constant has already been noted in our discussion of the differences between theology and the natural sciences. Küng describes it this way: If ecumenical theology wants to be Christian theology, its other pole must be the Judeo-Christian tradition and its primary norm cannot be anything except the Christian message on which this tradition is constructed as on © Grand Valley State University �Search for a New Paradigm in a Pluralistic Age Richard A. Rhem Page 8 its ultimate ground. That is to say, the Christian primordial and basic testimony, the gospel itself in the sense of the good news in its entirety, as recorded in the Old and New Testament Scriptures, is the basic norm of ecumenical theology. 12 These two poles or constants then form the context within which theological formulation must come to expression. If we observe the history of theology after the great awakening of the Sixteenth Century, we see how in both the Catholic and Protestant traditions there was a hardening of theological positions. The Seventeenth Century saw the development of an orthodoxy shaped by Rationalism, which froze the new insights of the Reformers into carefully defined doctrinal positions with little regard for the present horizon. In the wake of the Enlightenment of the Eighteenth Century there was an attempt to come to terms with the new understanding of both human reality and the natural world. The classic Liberalism of the Nineteenth Century was an effort to proclaim the gospel within the confines of a weltanschaung - that had no room for transcendent Reality; the gospel, the second constant, was dissolved into the first, into the horizon of this world. In sharp reaction, Karl Barth reversed the whole tide of Nineteenth Century Liberalism, loudly proclaiming a theology of the Word, pointing to the God Who is the “Wholly Other.” Because he was in a posture of such sharp reaction, the early Barth nearly obliterated the present horizon, the first constant, although he was too deeply imbued with the culture of his day wholly to lose sight of it. The present discussion comes at a time when we are able with historical distance to gain some objectivity as we face the task before us. The theology of the future must never again lose sight of either constant. Our task is to find an expression of the Gospel which is faithful to the Word and honest with the world. If such an understanding of theology's task meets with anything like a consensus, then we may be poised for a fruitful period of theological activity. SPEAKING THE TRUTH IN A PLURALISTIC AGE Under the auspices of the Program for Studies in Religion at the University of Michigan, Hans Küng led a seminar during the Fall Term of 1983 on the subject of “Paradigm Change in Theology.” It was a cross-discipline seminar including students and professors from the schools of the arts and literature, law, and medicine. One of the papers studied was written by Professor David Tracy of the university of Chicago Divinity School, a Catholic scholar who has been a major participant in the discussion of paradigm shift in the symposium discussed above. Tracy has grappled with the matter of theological methodology. In his first book Blessed Rage for Order, published in 1979, he identified five theological models: Orthodox, Liberal, Neo-Orthodox, Radical, and a Revisionist model. These five © Grand Valley State University �Search for a New Paradigm in a Pluralistic Age Richard A. Rhem Page 9 models are the result of a different schematization than that followed by Küng, cited above, but there is great similarity of view as to the models operative in the present period. Tracy's Revisionist model, which he will endeavor to build, is his attempt at finding a new paradigm. It is his contention that a Revisionist model must be constructed which will enable the ecumenical Church to proclaim a message that will make the claim of truth recognizable in a pluralistic age. The Revisionist model is a critical correlation of the two principle sources for theology, the two constants mentioned above, cited by Küng: Christian texts and common human experience and language. Tracy sets forth the following theses: The Principle Method of Investigation of the Source, “Common Human Experience and Language,” Can Be Described as a Phenomenology of the “Religious Dimension” Present in Everyday and Scientific Experience and Language.” 13 The Principle Method of Investigation of the Source “The Christian Tradition” Can Be Described as a Historical and Hermeneutical Investigation of Classical Christian Texts. 14 Having set the agenda for his endeavor, Tracy moved on in his next work, The Analogical Imagination, to set forth the method and execute it in terms of his own commitment to the Catholic Christian Tradition. The Preface announces, “In a culture of pluralism must each religious tradition finally either dissolve into some lowest common denominator or accept a marginal existence as one interesting but purely private option?” Tracy is not willing to accept either option. A theological strategy must be found that can articulate the genuine claims of religion to truth. This is the task he sets for himself: a responsible affirmation of pluralism through the discovery of public criteria by which truth can be affirmed. Theology must develop public criteria of truth and discourse because it deals with the fundamental questions of existence and because it speaks of God. Recognizing that the theologian addresses three arenas, Society, Academy and Church, Tracy insists that the criteria of publicness applies in all three areas. Theology is the generic name for three disciplines: fundamental, systematic and practical theologies. Publicness is demanded of each. The primary focus of fundamental theology is the Academy, of systematic theology, the Church and of practical theology, Society. They differ not only in their primary reference group, but also in terms of their modes of argument, ethical stance, religious stance and in terms of expressing claims to meaning and truth. On the way to a responsible pluralism all conversation partners must agree to certain basic rules for the discussion. Two constants are present: the interpretation of a religious tradition and the interpretation of the religious dimension of the contemporary situation from which and to which the theologian speaks. In regard to the first, it is incumbent upon the theologian to make explicit her/his general method of interpretation, to develop “criteria of appropriateness” © Grand Valley State University �Search for a New Paradigm in a Pluralistic Age Richard A. Rhem Page10 whereby specific interpretations of the tradition may be judged by the wider theological community. In regard to the interpretation of the contemporary situation there must be an analysis of the “religious” questions, the question of the meaning of human existence in the present situation. There are major differences as well. Tracy addresses the question as to what constitutes a public claim to truth in the three sub-disciplines of theology. Fundamental theology's defining characteristic is ... a reasoned insistence on employing the approach and methods of some established academic discipline to explicate and adjudicate the truth claims of the interpreted religious tradition and the truth claims of the contemporary situation. 15 Various models are available, but whichever model is chosen fundamental questions and answers are articulated in such a way that any attentive, intelligent, reasonable and responsible person can understand and judge them in keeping with fully public criteria for argument. Personal faith may not enter the argument for the truth claims in fundamental theology. SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY AS A HERMENEUTICAL TASK The systematic theologian's major task is the reinterpretation of the tradition for the present situation. Where the fundamental theologian will relate the reality of God to our fundamental trust in existence (our common faith), the confessional systematic theologian will relate that reality to their arguments for a distinctively Christian understanding of faith. Christian theology ... consists in explicating in public terms and in accordance with the demands of its own primary confessions, the full meaning and truth of the original “illuminating event” ... which occasioned and continues to inform its understanding of all reality. 16 Thus the task of the systematic theologian is a hermeneutical task. The “illuminating event” Tracy calls a religious classic. As in a classic work of art, the religious classic contains the possibility of ever-new “disclosures.” Classics Tracy defines as texts, events, images, persons, rituals and symbols that are assumed to disclose permanent possibilities of meaning and truth. The hermeneutical theologian seeks to articulate the truth-disclosure of the reality of God embedded in the tradition for the contemporary situation. If the systematic theologian speaks out of a particular tradition, is systematic theology public discourse? Can the claim of Truth be made for theological © Grand Valley State University �Search for a New Paradigm in a Pluralistic Age Richard A. Rhem Page11 statements arising out of a particular tradition? Tracy believes it can if systematic theology is understood as a hermeneutical task. It is Tracy's contention that systematic theology is hermeneutical. This means that systematic theology's task is to interpret, mediate and translate the meaning and truth of the tradition. Where this is not the case, where the notion of authority shifts from a truth disclosed to mind and heart to an external norm for the obedient will, theologians can no longer interpret and translate the tradition but “only repeat the shop-worn conclusions of the tradition.” Eventually, the central, classical symbols and doctrines of the tradition become mere “fundamentals” to be externally accepted and endlessly repeated.17 Tracy points to the contrast of a hermeneutical theology: The heart of any hermeneutical position is the recognition that all interpretation is a mediation of past and present, a translation carried on within the effective history of a tradition to retrieve its sometimes strange, sometimes familiar meanings. 18 How is this done? Recognizing that one begins within a tradition which has shaped one, that one is socialized, acculturated and thus without the possibility of finding some position “above” one's own historicity, ... the route to liberation from the negative realities of a tradition is not to declare the existence of an autonomy that is literally unreal but to enter into a disciplined and responsive conversation with the subject matter the responses and, above all, the fundamental questions, of the traditions.19 Tracy refers to Hans-Georg Gadamer's model of conversation as a model for understanding the dialogue with the tradition. Real conversation occurs only when the participants allow the question, the subject matter, to assume primacy. It occurs only when our usual fears about our own self-image die. ... That fear (dies only because we are carried along, and sometimes away, by the subject matter itself into the rare event or happening named “thinking” and “understanding.” For understanding happens; it occurs not as the pure result of personal achievement but in the back-and-forth movement of the conversation itself. The word “hermeneutical” best describes this realized experience of understanding in conversation. For every event of understanding, in order to produce a new interpretation, mediates between our past experience © Grand Valley State University �Search for a New Paradigm in a Pluralistic Age Richard A. Rhem Page12 and the understanding embodied in our linguistic tradition and the present event of understanding occasioned by a fidelity to the logic of the question in the back-and-forth movement of the conversation.20 Using the model of conversation Tracy shows how one enters into the history of the illuminating event. When interpreting a classic one recognizes its “excess of meaning” demands constant interpretation and is at the same time timeless – ... a certain kind of timelessness - namely the timeliness of a classic expression radically rooted in its own historical time and calling to my own historicity. That is, the classical text is not in some timeless moment which needs mere repetition. Rather its kind of timelessness as permanent timeliness is the only one proper to any expression of the finite, temporal, historical beings we are. ... The classic text's fate is that only its constant reinterpretation by later finite, historical, temporal beings who will risk asking its questions and listening, critically and tactfully, to its responses can actualize the event of understanding beyond its present fixation in a text.21 To be understood, a classic cannot be repeated; it must be interpreted. Thus Tracy claims, All contemporary systematic theology can be understood as fundamentally hermeneutical. This position implies that systematic theologians, by definition, will understand themselves as radically finite and historical thinkers who have risked a trust in a particular religious tradition. They seek, therefore, to retrieve, interpret, translate, mediate the resources ... of the classic events of understanding of those fundamental religious questions embedded in the classic events, images, persons, rituals, texts and symbols of a tradition.22 At the heart of Tracy's argument is the conviction that “classics exist;” they exist in all domains of human endeavor. He does not merely assert that they exist but builds a carefully argued case for their existence and specifically for the existence of the religious classic. The task of the systematic theologian is to interpret religious classics. Systematic theology intends to provide an interpretation, a retrieval (including a retrieval through critique and suspicion) and always, therefore, a new application of a particular religious tradition's selfunderstanding for the current horizon of the community. 23 Applying this understanding of systematic theology's task to the specific task of the Christian thinker, Tracy declares, In Christian systematics, that self-understanding is itself further © Grand Valley State University �Search for a New Paradigm in a Pluralistic Age Richard A. Rhem Page13 grounded in the particular events and persons of Jewish and Christian history: decisively grounded, for the Christian, in God's own self-manifestation as my God in this classic event and person, Jesus Christ. 24 SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY AS PUBLIC DISCOURSE But now the crux of the matter is reached: how does the systematic theologian address the wider public with discussion characterized by “publicness” thus stopping the retreat of Christian faith into the sphere of privateness and yet remain faithful to ... the radical particularity of the relationship of that gift's disclosure to the particular events of God's action in ancient Israel, in Jesus of Nazareth, in the history of the Christian Church? 25 Acknowledging the dilemma, Tracy believes it can be overcome. The means of overcoming the dilemma is the recognition of the public nature of the classic: ... grounded in some realized experience of a claim to attention, unfolding as cognitively disclosive of both meaning and truth and ethically transformative of personal, social and historical life. 26 Tracy therefore contends, Whenever any systematic theologian produces a classic interpretation of a particular classic religious tradition (as both Barth and Rahner have,) then that new expression should be accorded a public status in the culture. Every classic ... is a text, event, image, person or symbol which unites particularity of origin and expression with a disclosure of meaning and truth available, in principle, to all human beings. 27 And again, Any person's intensification of particularity via a struggle with the fundamental questions of existence in a particular tradition, if that struggle is somehow united to the logos of appropriate expression, will yield a form of authentically sharable public discourse. 28 Thus Tracy argues, classics exist, religious classics exist, and classic status in any field including the religious accords a text, work of art, symbol or other form of expression public status. Religious classics are © Grand Valley State University �Search for a New Paradigm in a Pluralistic Age Richard A. Rhem Page14 ... expressions from a particular tradition that have found the right mode of expression to become public for all intelligent, reasonable and responsible persons. 29 At the heart of the Christian tradition the classic expression is found in the event of God's self-disclosure in Jesus Christ. Tracy claims, One need not be a believer in Christianity to accord it (and thereby its central, paradigmatic, classic event) authentically religious status: a manifestation from the whole by the power of the whole. 30 Christology is the attempt to respond through some interpretation to the event of Jesus Christ in one's own situation. ... The Christian interpreter of this classic event recognizes in some present experience of the event - more precisely, in the claim disclosed in that event (paradigmatically in experiencing that event in manifestation and proclamation) as an event from God and by God's power. To speak religiously and theologically of the Christ event is ultimately to speak of an event from God. 31 The Jesus remembered by the tradition is experienced in the present mediated through the word of proclamation and sacramental action. Jesus remembered as the Christ is the experience of the presence of God's own self. The second part of Tracy's work entails the actual execution of the method here described. His is the attempt of a systematic theologian engaging in the hermeneutical task of mediating past and present so that the event of Jesus Christ remembered in the tradition comes to expression again in the present in a manner that affords the possibility of public discussion with all persons of good will who will engage in reasonable conversation. In Tracy's Revisionist model we find the essential characteristics set forth by Küng for a new paradigm in theology determined by a critical correlation of the present horizon and the biblical texts. Herein lies the present challenge to Reformed theology. Through the impact of biblical studies and the explosion of knowledge across the whole spectrum of human inquiry we have been alerted to the danger of confessionalism and the imperative to take seriously the horizon of contemporary experience. The opportunity is ours to realize the ideal of the Reformation. The Church of the Sixteenth Century was re-formed according to the Word of God and at its best it recognized that it must always be being re-formed. The Reformed branch of the Protestant Reformation expressed itself in many Confessional statements and refused to reduce them all to one credal formulation. The Lutheran branch sought to bring the various strands of its confessional position into a unifying © Grand Valley State University �Search for a New Paradigm in a Pluralistic Age Richard A. Rhem Page15 statement with the Formula of Concord which then served as the norm of right doctrine. The Reformed churches feared that such a statement of unity might impede the continuing efforts to confess the faith in each new historical situation and thus determined to continue to confess its faith in ever-new credal formulations as the times demanded. It goes without saying that the ideal was soon abandoned. The high Calvinism of the Seventeenth Century with its rationalism and careful scholastic definitions was a complete break with the best insights of the early Reformers. Not only in the Reformed tradition but Protestantism generally has been plagued with the fossilizing of doctrinal formulation, the absolutizing of historically conditioned creeds and a defensive posture which has ill prepared it to meet the explosion of knowledge in the sciences, natural and social. Failing to act on its own best insight that the Church needs constant reformation of its understanding of the Faith, Reformed Orthodoxy has been severely threatened by the rise of historical thinking which is so characteristic of the modern period. Of course, the Church can continue to close its mind to the knowledge and insight that streams forth in a mighty torrent as we continue to unlock the secrets of the cosmos and, with a mindset of an earlier Century and a defensive posture, it can ward off the demands for reformation. In so doing it will lock the faithful into a system of ideas and structure of belief that become increasingly out of touch with their experience of the world, and it will continue to offend its brightest and most sensitive spirits who will finally be forced out when they can no longer deny the compelling truth that calls for a new understanding of the Faith. This is not a new problem for the Church. It is new only in the rapidity of breakthroughs on all frontiers of knowledge and in the rapid spread of that knowledge that is now possible in the Electronic Age which is creating the “Information Society.” But a Church confident of the Truth as it has come to expression in Jesus Christ will find the present day an exciting day in which to identify the questions and find the appropriate mode in which to witness to the self-disclosure of the God in the face of Jesus Christ. ENDNOTES 1 Thomas Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. (Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press, 1962), p. 175. 2 Hans Küng, Does God Exist? (New York: Doubleday and Company, 1980), p. 107. 3 Ibid., p. 108. 4 Stephen Toulmin, Human Understanding. (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1972), p. vii. 5 Hans Küng, “Paradigm Change in Theology,” unpublished paper read at the Symposium. 6 Ibid., p. 17. © Grand Valley State University �Search for a New Paradigm in a Pluralistic Age Richard A. Rhem Page16 7 Ibid., p. 17. p. 20. 9 Ibid., p. 21. 10Ibid., p. 21. 11 Ibid., p. 25. 12 Ibid., p. 26. 13 David Tracy, Blessed Rage For Order. (New York: Seabury Press, 1979),p. 47. 14 Ibid., p. 49. 15 David Tracy, The Analogical Imagination. (New York, New York: Crossroad, 1981), p. 62. 16Ibid., p. 65, 66. 17Ibid., p. 99. 18Ibid. 19 Ibid., p. 100. 20Ibid., p. 101. 21Ibid., p. 102. 22Ibid., p. 104. 23 Ibid., p. 131. 24 Ibid. 25 Ibid., p. 132. 26 Ibid. 27Ibid., p. 132F, 133. 28Ibid.,p. 134. 29Ibid.,p. 233. 30Ibid.,p. 234. 31Ibid. 8Ibid., SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Kuhn, Thomas, The Structure of Scientific Revolution. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press, 1962. Küng, Hans, Does God Exist?. New York: Doubleday and Company, 1980. Küng, Hans, “Paradigm Change in Theology,” unpublished paper at Symposium, University of Michigan, 1983. Toulmin, Stephen, Human Understanding. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1972. Tracy, David, Blessed Rage For Order. New York: Seabury Press, 1979, Tracy, David, The Analogical Imagination. New York, New York: Crossroad, 1981. © Grand Valley State University � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. References Hans Küng. Does God Exist?, 1980, "Paradigm Change in Theology,", 1983, David Tracy. Blessed Rage for Order, 1979, The Analogical Imagination, 1981. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RA-4-19860301 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986-03-01 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Title A name given to the resource Theological Method: The Search for a New Paradigm in a Pluralistic Age Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The The Reformed Review a journal of the seminaries of the Reformed Church in America Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource eng Description An account of the resource Article created, delivered, or published by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on March 1, 1986 entitled "Theological Method: The Search for a New Paradigm in a Pluralistic Age", it appeared in The Reformed Review, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 242-254. Tags: Preaching, Theology, History of Christian Tradition, Pluralism, Ecumenical, Historical Thinking. Scripture references: Hans Küng. Does God Exist?, 1980, "Paradigm Change in Theology,", 1983, David Tracy. Blessed Rage for Order, 1979, The Analogical Imagination, 1981. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Ecumenical Historical Thinking History of Christian Tradition Pluralism Preaching Theology https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2e5101e86365d5933f60085593535348.pdf 1d23f6f8560e61c6c2c53f7e766e371b PDF Text Text 86 SATURDAY MAY 19 1990 0 THE GRAND RAPIDS PRESS There are thousands of 'righteous Gentiles' By Peter Steinfels The New York Times PRINCETON, N.Y. - Do people like Marion Pritchard hold a vital clue to the moral education of future generations? In 1942, Marion Pritchard was a Dutch student of social work who was horrified to see Nazis loading the residents of a Jewish children's home into a truck for deportation. She was soon finding hiding places for Jews, obtaining false identity papers, food, clothing, ration cards and medical care. One day a Dutch Nazi policeman surprised her as she was releasing several children from a hiding place beneath the floorboards of a country house 20 miles east of Amsterdam. "I had a small revolver that a friend had given me, but I had never planned to use it," she said. "I felt I had no choice. "I would do it again, under the same circumstances, but it still bothers me." She killed the Nazi. A cooperative undertaker disposed of the body. It is not easy to imagine a lethal weapon in Pritchard's hands. Last week Pritchard, a slender, whitehaired Vermonter, read aloud a paper at a conference on "Moral Courage During the Holocaust and in a Post-Holocaust World." Only once did she falter, overcome by recollections. "You never know when these things will get to you," she said. About 8,000 people like Marion Pritchard, a psychoanalyst, have been recognized and honored by Yad Vashem, the Holocaust memorial in Jerusalem. The Enclyclopedia of the Holocaust says there may have been 20,000 such "Righteous Gentiles." Rabbi Harold M. Schulweis, who has tirelessly campaigned since 1962 for identifying and honoring rescuers of the Holocaust era, says that there may be 50,000 - or even 500,000. Many rescuers' names were unknown to the Jews they aided. Many names were lost to memory because, ultimately, neither rescuers nor beneficiaries survived - or if they did survive, they wanted only to put the horror of those years behind them. But by even the most generous estimate, only one out of 400 Europeans at that time was a rescuer; by more sober estimates, they were fewer than one out of 4,000. Sadly, rescuers are honored because they were so few, not so many. But honors are not enough. Some rescuers are elderly and in need. Four years ago the Jewish Foundation for Christian Rescuers was established, and it is riow a project of the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith. The foundation gives monthly grants to hundreds of people in 13 countries around the world and recruits volunteers to provide non-financial assistance. The foundation is also dedicated to learning from the rescuers and trying to incorporate those people's val,ues into the moral education of the next generation. That was why the foundation sponsored last week's conference at Princeton University. Learning from the rescuers' example can be difficult. For two decades, social scientists have interviewed rescuers in a search for patterns of personality, motivation or belief that might explain why they people acted as so many others did not. Scholars have highlighted the role of strong parental models and close family attachments, firm religious and ideological convictions, personal traits like adventurousness, the experience of being socially marginal, and friendships with Jews. Goodness, like evil, is a mystery that escapes ready explanation. Rescuers display an extraordinary range of personalities and motivations. There were those without strong parental identification, those who drifted passively and gradually into aiding Jews - there were even those who shared the prejudices of anti-Semitic backgrounds. . Some acted out of empathy with the victims, some out of enmity for the Nazis. Some acted to emulate their parents, or to serve God, or to sav~ their self-respect, or simply because they were asked to act: In the most unpromising soil, human decency took root. Scholars of the subject say that the variety of human motivations is not a reason to abandon the effort to understand the rescuers or to hand their values down to the young. But after learning of the contrasting currents directing the rescuers, the seekers have turned back to what the psychologist Perry London, a pioneering researcher in the area, called "some simple lessons and imperatives for moral education that are all the more important for their lack of novelty." ' The goal is to make compassion and courage habitual, the methods ancient: example, inspiration, instruction. The researchers and educators stressed the importance of instilling what Pearl and Samuel Oliner, who wrote "The Altruistic Personality" have termed "the habits of care." For the rescuers, decency was ordinary. For them, said Philip P. I Hallie, whose book, "Lest Innocent Blood Be Shed," told how a French Protestant village saved thousands of Jews, decency was "like breathing in and breathing out." London admitted that these simple lessons are also exceedingly complex. "Everyone in principle is for compassion and for courage," he said. But encouraging compassion and courage may not always be comfortable; he said it may require "education in participation and responsibility, but it may also require education in deviance and defiance of power and authority." Young people get a moral education in families and churches, on playgrounds and in front of television sets. But moral education in public schools was particularly on the mind of the conference's organizers. The conference ,at Princeton offered at least a partial suggestionthat the stories of the rescuers be told in classrooms. "Goodness is as teachable as is evil," Rabbi Schulweis said. ~----~-~~-~----------L_. ~--~ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_NWS_1990-05-19-righteous-Gentiles Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Steinfels, Peter Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1990-05-19 Title A name given to the resource There are thousands of 'righteous Gentiles' Description An account of the resource Grand Rapids Press newspaper clipping, article about the Yad Vashem honoring of "righteous Gentiles." Subject The topic of the resource Righteous Gentiles in the Holocaust World War, 1939-1945 -- Jews -- Rescue Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e277ad141e2836058bcde62d0555840a.jpg 2ad50cf531a2ea9fff35f4fcb41e42aa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Decorated Publishers' Bindings Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Description An account of the resource From the early 1870s to roughly 1930, many publishers issued their commercial book covers with a remarkable variety of graphic designs and illustrations. This sixty-year period saw many artists and designers contributing to this art form. While some can be identified from their style or initials, others remain unknown. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Michigan Novels Collection Regional Historical Collection Lincoln and the Civil War Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-30 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a>, <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source Michigan Novels Collection. PS3549.E35 T47 1910 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01_Bindings0050 Title A name given to the resource Therold Archer Knowlton, Poet: A Love Story of Violet and Violets Description An account of the resource Binding of Therold Archer Knowlton, Poet: A Love Story of Violet and Violets, by Frederic Zeigen, published by W.B. Conkey Co., 1910. Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1910 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3cab8101fe7af0e4674207e0549292c3.jpg cddcde1be92ea7bd0a53ef300b8dc7cb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M064-0009 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-05-03 Title A name given to the resource Thesis Project: Wheaton, Illinois Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a rural railroad track in Wheaton, Illinois, as shot by photographer, Douglas Gilbert, as a part of his master's thesis in photography. Gilbert graduated with an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at the Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972 before becoming an Assistant Professor of Art at Wheaton College from 1972-1982 in Wheaton, Illinois. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942- Academic theses Photography--Illinois Railroad tracks--Illinois Wheaton (Ill.) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ab486c387dfee63cda354dd437275b80.jpg 48f07054cfaf1b707003eac40257f1e3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M064-0015 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-05-03 Title A name given to the resource Thesis Project: Wheaton, Illinois Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a field of arable land in Wheaton, Illinois, as shot by photographer, Douglas Gilbert, as a part of his master's thesis in photography. Gilbert graduated with an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at the Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972 before becoming an Assistant Professor of Art at Wheaton College from 1972-1982 in Wheaton, Illinois. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942- Academic theses Agriculture--Illinois Photography--Illinois Wheaton (Ill.) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/716d72749c59eea242e69abecfa596f9.jpg 985c1e38a1474f03552e164a839a028d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M064-0024 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-05-03 Title A name given to the resource Thesis Project: Wheaton, Illinois Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a fenced off field of arable land in Wheaton, Illinois, as shot by photographer, Douglas Gilbert, as a part of his master's thesis in photography. Gilbert graduated with an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at the Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972 before becoming an Assistant Professor of Art at Wheaton College from 1972-1982 in Wheaton, Illinois. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942- Academic theses Agriculture--Illinois Photography--Illinois Wheaton (Ill.) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b67263c6ae071747b19fac388dcbf4c0.jpg c449cced92b26f3fb191e73c7910018c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M064-0027 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-05-03 Title A name given to the resource Thesis Project: Wheaton, Illinois Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of an older man wearing a stylish outfit while standing on a dirt driveway in Wheaton, Illinois, as shot by photographer, Douglas Gilbert, as a part of his master's thesis in photography. Gilbert graduated with an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at the Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972 before becoming an Assistant Professor of Art at Wheaton College from 1972-1982 in Wheaton, Illinois. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942- Academic theses Photography--Illinois Wheaton (Ill.) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/90b38e770fba02a9263d9f2b20480a6c.jpg 8850ff9c3032ada0adbcad95b9691f78 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M064-0030 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-05-03 Title A name given to the resource Thesis Project: Wheaton, Illinois Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a farm shed situated between two silos in Wheaton, Illinois, as shot by photographer, Douglas Gilbert, as a part of his master's thesis in photography. Gilbert graduated with an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at the Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972 before becoming an Assistant Professor of Art at Wheaton College from 1972-1982 in Wheaton, Illinois. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942- Academic theses Agriculture--Illinois Farms--Illinois Photography--Illinois Wheaton (Ill.) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/79c4853343cb32dddc376e3a5fd55bad.jpg 0f668ffe1da722bc77805badab7ca655 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M064-0033 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-05-03 Title A name given to the resource Thesis Project: Wheaton, Illinois Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a farmhouse front porch in Wheaton, Illinois, as shot by photographer, Douglas Gilbert, as a part of his master's thesis in photography. Gilbert graduated with an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at the Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972 before becoming an Assistant Professor of Art at Wheaton College from 1972-1982 in Wheaton, Illinois. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942- Academic theses Farms--Illinois Farmhouses--Illinois Photography--Illinois Wheaton (Ill.) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/93e2f7c53b78acbfc2e2a3cd0b09c240.jpg 3780bc00843939edfcc0af06faa963b1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M065-0001 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-05-03 Title A name given to the resource Thesis Project: Wheaton, Illinois Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a tree-lined road during wintertime in Wheaton, Illinois, as shot by photographer, Douglas Gilbert, as a part of his master's thesis in photography. Gilbert graduated with an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at the Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972 before becoming an Assistant Professor of Art at Wheaton College from 1972-1982 in Wheaton, Illinois. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942- Academic theses Photography--Illinois Trees--Illinois Winter--Illinois Wheaton (Ill.) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0d07ff1d42f897aea415fe2b1be38f3e.jpg be4efcd70687975d6bd0cd08dd5bb5da Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M065-0002 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-05-03 Title A name given to the resource Thesis Project: Wheaton, Illinois Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of snow drifting across a country road in Wheaton, Illinois, as shot by photographer, Douglas Gilbert, as a part of his master's thesis in photography. Gilbert graduated with an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at the Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972 before becoming an Assistant Professor of Art at Wheaton College from 1972-1982 in Wheaton, Illinois. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942- Academic theses Photography--Illinois Winter--Illinois Wheaton (Ill.) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/7f6f830a2587116a32beb0c5b9472996.jpg 43a9c2cd2fac8b685a8448ec687214d9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M065-0003 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-05-03 Title A name given to the resource Thesis Project: Wheaton, Illinois Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a vintage truck parked in a residential area in Wheaton, Illinois, as shot by photographer, Douglas Gilbert, as a part of his master's thesis in photography. In the photograph, the truck features the words, "Glen Vierig, Burlington, Illinois," written on the driver-side door. Gilbert graduated with an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at the Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972 before becoming an Assistant Professor of Art at Wheaton College from 1972-1982 in Wheaton, Illinois. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942- Academic theses Automobiles--Illinois Photography--Illinois Wheaton (Ill.) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/dae24deb9862b7a0facbc2ff7dd27cd2.jpg 28b04e3a0fde28798b7d329bc91bd9d4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M065-0005 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-05-03 Title A name given to the resource Thesis Project: Wheaton, Illinois Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a large tree situated in the front law of a farmhouse in Wheaton, Illinois, as shot by photographer, Douglas Gilbert, as a part of his master's thesis in photography. In the photograph, there are multiple signs posted on the tree trunk that read, "B.F.P.D. 7031," "Beware of Dog," and "4-H Club Member Lives Here." Gilbert graduated with an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at the Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972 before becoming an Assistant Professor of Art at Wheaton College from 1972-1982 in Wheaton, Illinois. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942- Academic theses Farmhouses--Illinois Photography--Illinois Trees--Illinois Wheaton (Ill.) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/06a30d31f28ce07a47c277a9fb370b43.jpg 54363ff04fc87f1e0e9d84b47c45b04c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M065-0009 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-05-03 Title A name given to the resource Thesis Project: Wheaton, Illinois Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a dead rabbit lying on a rural road in Wheaton, Illinois, as shot by photographer, Douglas Gilbert, as a part of his master's thesis in photography. Gilbert graduated with an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at the Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972 before becoming an Assistant Professor of Art at Wheaton College from 1972-1982 in Wheaton, Illinois. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942- Academic theses Photography--Illinois Roads--Illinois Wheaton (Ill.) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives