951 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/62612064e68cf65b9544b60db35974b2.jpg 65df7de0e421888a5a7c3f9560d87c60 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Decorated Publishers' Bindings Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Description An account of the resource From the early 1870s to roughly 1930, many publishers issued their commercial book covers with a remarkable variety of graphic designs and illustrations. This sixty-year period saw many artists and designers contributing to this art form. While some can be identified from their style or initials, others remain unknown. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Michigan Novels Collection Regional Historical Collection Lincoln and the Civil War Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-30 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a>, <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source Regional Historical Collection. PS3525.E7187 .C58 1912 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01_Bindings0066 Title A name given to the resource The Citadel: A Romance of Unrest Description An account of the resource Binding of The Citadel: A Romance of Unrest, by Samuel Merwin, published by The Century Co., 1912. Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1912 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c5eb8ba474850bf783559d9fae3ca2ae.pdf cbcb0c74e18d7cafb5e5e75a9c608ea4 PDF Text Text THE CITY OF ALBION COMPREHENSIVE PLAN •0 H SEPTEMBER 2022 �RESOLUTION #2022-33 TO APPROVE THE CITY OF ALBION COMMUNITY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN WHEREAS, the Michigan Planning Enabling Act ("MPEA," PA 33 of 2008) authorizes municipal planning commissions to prepare a "comprehensive plan" pertinent to the future development of the municipality; and WHEREAS , the City of Albion Planning Commission has prepared a proposed comprehensive plan for the City of Albion , to update and replace its previous community comprehensive plan , meeting all statutory requirements set forth in the MPEA; and WHEREAS, the City of Albion City Council authorized the distribution of the proposed City of Albion Community Comprehensive Plan to the general public and the various entities listed in the MPEA, for review and comment purposes; and WHEREAS, the proposed City of Albion Community Comprehensive Plan was made available to the various entities and the general public as required by the MPEA; and WHEREAS, a public hearing was held by the City of Albion Planning Commission on July 19, 2022 pursuant to notice as required by the MPEA; and WHEREAS, the City of Albion Planning Commission finds that the proposed City of Albion Community Comprehensive Plan is desirable and proper and furthers the land use and development goals and strategies of the City of Albion; NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the City of Albion Planning Commission hereby resolves to approve the proposed City of Albion Community Comprehensive Plan as submitted for the public hearing , including all the text, charts , tables, maps, and descriptive and other matter therein intended by the Planning Commission to form the complete Comprehensive Plan, including the Future Land Classification Map. Motion by Planning Com& Commission Member ~ n Member and supported by Planning / ~ to approve the foregoing resolution . I hereby certify that the resolution adopted on September 20 , 2022 , in a regula r session of the Albion Planning Commission, and this is a true copy of the resolution . Ayes Nays Absent -&- 3 September 20 , 2022 �ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CITY COUNCIL PLANNING COMMISSION Victoria Snyder, Mayor Victoria Snyder, Mayor Donivan Williams, Precinct 1 Lenn Reid, Council Member* Lenn Reid, Precinct 2 Sharon Ponds Nora Jackson, Precinct 3 Joseph Verbeke Marcola Lawler, Precinct 4 George Strander* Vivian Davis, Precinct 5 Albert Amos Andrew French, Precinct 6 Mark Lelle* Linda LaNoue, Precinct 5 (former) Tom Pitt* Shane Williamson, Precinct 6 (former) Scott Kipp COMPREHENSIVE PLAN STEERING COMMITTEE Lenn Reid, Council Member Linda LaNoue, Former Council Member Haley Snyder, City Manager Ian Arnold, Director of Planning & Building Amy Deprez, Albion Economic Development Corporation George Strander Mark Lelle Tom Pitt *Planning Commission members on the Comprehensive Plan Steering Committee B R (J) Beckett&Raeder �List of Figures Figure 1: Population, 2020 Figure 2: Population Trend, 1940-2020 Figure 3: Population Change: Albion & Surrounding Communities, 2010-2020 Figure 4: Population Change: Calhoun County & Surrounding Counties, 2010-2020 Figure 5: Racial Composition Albion & Calhoun County, 2020 Figure 6: Age Distribution, 2019 Figure 7: Households, 2019 Figure 8: Households by Type, 2019 Figure 9: Education, 2019 Figure 10: Veteran Status, 2019 Figure 11: Disability, 2019 Figure 12: Median Income, 2019 Figure 13: Median Earnings, 2019 Figure 14: Median Income in Albion & Surrounding Communities, 2019 Figure 15: Households with Income Below $25,000, 2019 Figure 16: Employment Status, 2019 Figure 17: Employment Change, 2019 Figure 18: Commuting Patterns, 2019 Figure 19: Poverty, 2019 Figure 20: Housing Diversity, 2019 Figure 21: Median Housing Value, 2019 Figure 22: Housing Units, 2019 Figure 23: Housing Units by Type, 2019 Figure 24: Housing Occupancy Status, 2019 Figure 25: Housing Tenure, 2019 Figure 26: Age of Housing, 2019 Figure 27: Housing Costs, 2019 Figure 28: Missing Middle Housing Figure 29: Commute Modes, 2019 Figure 30: Vehicles Available, 2019 Figure 31: Employment Status: Albion & Surrounding Communities, 2019 Figure 32: Unemployment Rate: Albion & Surrounding Communities, 2019 Figure 33: Employment Status by Age, 2019 Figure 34: Employment Status by Race & Origin, 2019 Figure 35: Employment Status by Disability, Poverty Level, & Gender, 2019 Figure 36: Employment Status by Educational Attainment, 2019 Figure 37: Employment by Industry, 2010-2019 Figure 38: Calhoun County Economic Trends by Industry, 2014-2019 List of Tables Table 1: List of Stakeholders Table 2: Green Infrastructure Methods Table 3: Parkland Inventory Table 4: Area of Wetlands Table 5: PASER Rating Table 6: Complete Street Enhancements Along Major Corridors Table 7: Employment by Industry – Albion & Surrounding Communities, 2019 Table 8: Workforce Qualification, 2019 Table 9: Existing Land Use Table 10: Zoning Plan List of Maps Map 1: Regional Map Map 2: Impervious Surfaces Map 2: Tree Canopy Coverage Map 3: Parkland Map 4: Watershed Map 5: FEMA-Designated Floodplains Map 6: Wetlands Map 7: National Functional Classification Map 8: PASER, 2016-2019 Map 9: Traffic Crashes, 2016-2020 Map 10: Corridors Map 11: RRC Redevelopment Sites Map 12: Existing Land Use Map 13: Zoning Map 14: Future Land Use 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 21 36 36 42 42 42 42 43 43 43 46 12 25 26 30 34 40 44 45 53 58 8 23 24 27 29 29 30 33 34 35 38 47 52 55 57 �TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND 6 2. COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT 10 3. COMMUNITY PROFILE 13 4. HOUSING & NEIGHBORHOODS 18 5. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 22 6. TRANSPORTATION & CIRCULATION 31 7. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 41 8. LAND USE 51 9. IMPLEMENTATION 59 APPENDIX 73 �BACKGROUND Image Source: City of Albion 6 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan 1 �WHAT IS A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN? Albion’s Comprehensive Plan is a strategic document that guides the City in future decision making concerning land-use planning and social, economic, and environmental development. It studies the City’s history, evaluates present conditions, and gathers public input to provide a framework for future growth and development. Essentially a policy document, the comprehensive plan inventories Albion’s strengths and assets, as well as recognizes opportunities for growth and improvement, and provides a direct link between community preferences and policy. It also identifies the community’s vision, defines holistic goals that help achieve that vision, and steers the City towards a sustainable future. ALBION’S COMPREHENSIVE PLAN: 2022 UPDATE The Michigan Planning Enabling Act (PA 33 of 2008) requires a municipality to review its Comprehensive Plan every five years for relevance. Consistent with the requirements of the Act, in 2021 the City of Albion initiated a process to update its 2017 Comprehensive Plan. This 2022 update to the Comprehensive Plan aims to develop a succinct policy document which captures the current realities and future vision of the City and includes the following: » An analysis of latest demographic data describing the changes that have taken place in Albion over the past five years. » A summary of emerging trends within the City and the region. » A demographic dashboard that ties data to planning outcomes and action plan strategies. » A collection of maps and spatial analyses for each element of the plan. » A discussion of future land use categories and how they tie into community goals. » An overview of specific goals with actions tied to metrics, time frames, responsible parties, and potential resources. » A list of priority redevelopment sites. » A graphic representation of data and planning concepts. Another key component of this Comprehensive Plan update is community engagement. The process involved several community engagement methods including a community survey, youth engagement with college students, a stakeholder survey, and a community visioning session, which all helped to gain perspective on the needs and preferences of all of Albion’s citizenry. The input gained from these methods lays the foundation for this plan and has been documented and synthesized throughout the Plan. This updated Comprehensive Plan was adopted following a 63-day review and comment period and a public hearing. Relationship to the Zoning Ordinance The Comprehensive Plan is not a binding agreement but rather a planning framework. The Zoning Ordinance, on the other hand, is local land use law. The Zoning Ordinance is a set of regulations that provide the details and exacting specifications of how and where development will occur, and it is regulated by the Michigan Zoning Enabling Act (PA 110 of 2006). The MZEA requires a direct relationship between these two documents: the Comprehensive Plan supports the Zoning Ordinance, and the Zoning Ordinance implements the Comprehensive Plan. Only when the two documents are in sync can they serve as effective planning tools. Data Sources The demographic information in this Plan came from the following sources, in this preferred order: » 2020, 2010, 2000, and 1990 US Decennial Censuses. The decennial censuses are the most accurate source of demographic information in the United States, though the information is limited. Mandated by the United States Constitution, the aim of the decennial census is to count 100% of the US population. Because the decennial census has been operating since 1790, it offers a valuable reference point to illustrate how populations have changed over time. While the decennial census has been Background | 7 �administered for over 200 years, the questions have shifted to reflect cultural changes. For example, one’s history of rebellion against the United States is no longer a question on the form. Information collected in the most recent counts includes information about age, sex, race, the relationship between household members, and household tenure. » American Community Survey. The American Community Survey (ACS) replaced the “longform” Census questions beginning in 2000, collecting the same types of information about social, economic, and housing conditions on a continual basis. Including these questions in the decennial census would be more resourceintensive and could reduce the response rate for the more critical decennial census. The ACS is not a complete survey of the United States but a sample. A random selection of households receives the ACS every year, and the Census Bureau uses the responses to create estimates for the rest of the population. Map 1: Regional Map O tseg o An tri m Al p en a M on tm oren cy Leel a n a u K a l ka ska G ra n d Tra verse B en zi e C ra wford +~. i M a n i stee M a son Wexford La ke I M i ssa u kee O sceol a O cea n a R oscom m on l 1 I osco r() Aren a c G l a dL" wi n C l a re M ecosta i O g em a w M i dl an d I sa b el l a l ·---;--------, Tu scol '• a ;------- M on tca l m M u skeg on r'~ O tta wa t· Sagi n aw G ra ti ot i l ,~· K en t I on i a G ra n d R a p i d s C l i n ton i B a rry K a l a m a zoo Va n B u ren K a l a m a zoo La p eer G en esee B a ttl e C reek • C a l h ou n 1 l_ Li vi "i' n g...ston I n gh am Ja ckson •i S t. C l a i r S h i a wa ssee · It. E a ton San i l ac J La n si n g Al l eg a n H u ron B ay N ewa yg o j MIa com b O a kl a n d I ' f Ja ckson D etroi t An n Arb or Wa yn e Wa sh ten a w I C i ty of Al b i on C a l h ou n C ou n ty C a ss S t. Josep h B ra n ch H i l l sd a l e Len a wee 8 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan The Potawatomi (“People of the Place of the Fire”) were the original inhabitants of the land that Albion occupies today. The recorded history of present-day Albion began in 1821 with the Treaty of Chicago, where 55 Potawatomi chiefs signed the treaty that granted their land to the United States.1 Albion’s first settlers arrived in 1833. These visionaries formed a land development company called the Albion Company—from which the City draws its name. In 1835, Methodist settlers established Albion College, a private college that has emerged as a major employer and economic driver. In 1855, Albion was incorporated as a village, and as a city in 1885. The City of Albion, which is 4.5 square miles, is located along the I-94 corridor in the eastern portion of Calhoun County. The City is bordered largely by Sheridan Township to the north and Albion Township to the south. The City of Marshall, county seat of Calhoun County, lies approximately 12 miles west of Albion. Al con a O scod a SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC HISTORY Location C h a rl evoi x Leel a n a u Because the ACS is a sample, smaller communities require multiple years of sampling to create accurate estimates. Communities with fewer than 20,000 people must be sampled over 60 months to create estimates, and these estimates are referred to as 5-year estimates. This plan will use ACS 5-year estimates, as Albion’s population is under 20,000 people. D a taroe S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n M on C ou n ty G I S 0 1 2. 5 25 M i l es Throughout its history, Albion’s location and access to transportation networks have been strategic assets that propelled its growth. Albion was founded at the forks of the Kalamazoo River—the confluence of the river’s north and south branches. During its early period as an agrarian economy, the river provided power for various mills that located on or near “the Forks.” Through the 19th and 20th centuries, the City’s steel facilities and foundries transported goods and products along the Chicago Road and two railroads. In 1844, the arrival of the Michigan Central Road brought with it an influx of industry and population. Another railroad, the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad, was completed in 1872. In the mid-20th century, transportation was expedited by two major interstate highways – I-94 and I-69. �Downtown Albion. Source: City of Albion Albion is within a short driving distance of several regional and major metropolitan centers within Michigan and the Great Lakes area. Via the interstate highway system, Albion is only 15 miles from Jackson, 20 miles from Battle Creek, 40 miles from Lansing, 47 miles from Kalamazoo, and 53 miles from Ann Arbor. On a larger scale, it is 86 miles from Grand Rapids, 91 miles from Detroit, 93 miles from Fort Wayne, 98 miles from Toledo, 175 miles from Chicago, and 190 miles from Cleveland. In addition, Interstate 94 provides convenient access to international markets in Canada. The City of Albion is positioned between three international airports: 43 miles south of the Capital Region International Airport in Lansing, 46 miles east of Kalamazoo-Battle Creek International Airport, and 77 miles west of Detroit Metropolitan International Airport. Economic History Like many cities throughout the Midwest, Great Lakes, and northeastern regions of the United States, Albion suffered the effects of deindustrialization. The City’s economy has fundamentally changed with shifts that have taken place in domestic manufacturing and specifically in the automotive industry. Since 2001, Albion has lost nearly 1,000 jobs in manufacturing, healthcare, and retail. This economic shift has caused a reduction in real and personal property tax revenue and an increase in vacant or under-utilized industrial spaces. While no single industry has replaced the jobs and taxes generated by the automotive suppliers, several sectors have emerged in Albion with the potential of bringing new vitality to the local/ regional economy and community. These include small-to-medium sized manufacturing, craft production facilities, and alternative energy such as solar power. Furthermore, the existing industrial park is at capacity, and the City is currently in the process in designing a second industrial park to better allow for incoming industries. Albion College is an anchor institution in the City. The College employs hundreds of faculty and staff, and there are roughly 1,500 students who attend Albion College. Having a higher-education facility within City boundaries is uncommon for a small municipality in rural Michigan, and both the City and the College are dependent on each other for success. SOURCE 1 History. The City of Albion. 2020. https://www.cityofalbionmi.gov/residents/city_at_a_glance/history.php Background | 9 �COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT 2 A key element of this Comprehensive Plan Update was community engagement. The community engagement program was quite extensive and had four main components: a community survey, a youth input session, a stakeholder input survey, and a community visioning session. Each engagement method is summarized below; full results for each method are in the Appendix. 10 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �COMMUNITY SURVEY The Albion Comprehensive Plan Survey garnered a total of 116 respondents, and the City distributed the survey through a variety of methods (social media, posting on the City’s website, announced at a Council meeting, included in an Albion College e-newsletter, and promoted through word of mouth). In terms of the demographics of survey respondents, the survey was well-represented in terms of age and households with children. It was less racially representative, though a significant number of respondents declined to indicate their race. Regarding housing tenure status, renters were clearly underrepresented. Responses to survey questions are dispersed through the Plan where relevant, and a full analysis of the survey results is in the Appendix. YOUTH INPUT On Tuesday, November 30, 2021, the City invited Albion College students to participate in Comprehensive Plan engagement exercises. The program included a brief overview of comprehensive planning, a scenario planning group activity, a survey, and asset mapping. The scenario planning activity consisted of blocks that represented land use typologies. Students were asked to “design” a city which captured two different land use scenarios: 1) designing their “dream” city where they would like to live, and 2) redesigning their “dream” city based on a list of constraints. Results highlighted a preference for mixed-use spaces in the center of the community with commercial corridors radiating outward. Other common themes included neighborhoods with denser housing and larger open spaces. The relationship between denser neighborhoods and more open/public space was a clear trend amongst the groups. The youth survey asked about students’ plans after graduation, and a total of 19 people completed the survey. Roughly 88% of students plan to leave the community after graduation to either pursue higher education or live in a different/bigger city. When asked what are the top characteristics of a community in which the students want to live, the top three results were housing options, higher paying jobs, and retail and entertainment variety. Students were also asked if they would ever consider returning to the community – 13% responded that they would and 40% were unsure. A full analysis of the youth survey results is in the Appendix. Students also completed an asset mapping activity where they identified locations for “strengths,” “weaknesses,” and “opportunities” in Albion. Highlights included an indication that downtown Albion has many strengths and opportunities. There was also a strong indication that the students see the parks and recreation features of Albion as a strength. Interestingly, most of the weaknesses that students identified were around the Albion College Campus, indicating that perhaps students are more familiar with the areas around the College. The youth engagement session included asset mapping (left) and a scenario planning activity (right). Community Engagement | 11 �Table 1: List of Stakeholders LIST OF STAKEHOLDERS Albion Economic Development Corporation Albion Downtown Development Authority Albion College Albion Healthcare Alliance Albion Housing Commission Albion / Marshall Public Schools Senior Millage Allocation Committee Calhoun County Senior Services AmeriCorps VISTA Folks Senior Center Local business owners Local nonprofit organizations Calhoun County Land Bank Authority Calhoun County Board of Commissioners Southcentral Michigan Planning Council Michigan Works! Habitat for Humanity Michigan Economic Development Corporation Michigan Department of Transportation USDA Rural Development Albion Community Foundation Greater Albion Chamber of Commerce Calhoun County Community Action Local health services STAKEHOLDER INPUT COMMUNITY VISIONING The City sent key stakeholders a survey which asked their opinions on the goals from the previous Comprehensive Plan. There was a total of 19 participants, and the list of stakeholders included a range of interests including: City, County, and State organizations/departments; education and health institutions; economic development organizations, and local business owners and nonprofits (full list in the table titled “List of Stakeholders”). Specifically, the survey asked participants if the goal should remain in the updated Comprehensive Plan, be changed, or be removed. The City used the results and input from this survey to update and modify the City’s goals. The City held a community visioning session on Wednesday, February 16, 2022 that was open to the public. The program included a brief overview of the comprehensive planning process, visioning exercises, and asset mapping. The visioning exercises asked participants to work in small groups to answer the following questions: 1) what is one word or phrase that describes Albion now?; 2) what has Albion done well over the last five years?; and 3) ideally, what does Albion look like in ten years? After each question, every group shared their top three results with the entire group. At the end, participants voted on their “collective priorities” for the future of Albion, and the top choices were strongly geared toward the City’s youth. Participants also did the same asset mapping activity as the youth session, identifying “strengths,” “weaknesses,” and “opportunities” in Albion. Similar to the students, the participants of the visioning session identified downtown Albion as the area with the most strengths and opportunities. Parks and recreation areas were also a significant share of the strengths that participants identified. Identified weaknesses focused on the appearance and conditions of the City, including trash, homes in disrepair, and poor infrastructure conditions. Community visioning session participants. 12 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �COMMUNITY PROFILE 3 Delicious and Refreshing 5~ j BRELIEVES FATIGUE •• •• 5 -SOLD_ EVERYWHERE ¢ A thorough understanding of Albion’s demographic and socioeconomic trends is imperative to identify growth and development challenges and the changing needs and preferences of the citizenry, which in turn aids decision-makers in an equitable planning process. The data presented in this section is sourced from the US Census and the American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (years are noted in chart titles). Community Profile | 13 �DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE Figure 1: Population, 2020 Figure 2: Population Trend, 1940-2020 S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P 29 Mile 28 Mile 7,700 94 W 94 E l l i ot t Wa tson I == C l a rk M i ch n C l i n ton H u ron I on i a R i ver H av 8,616 7,700 2,000 n H an n ah si o 0 2 9 1 /2 M i l e E a ton F i n l ey r 9,144 4,000 D i vi E ri e Ash 10,066 8,345 6,000 i gan C a ss I rwi n Pi n e B u rr O a k B erri en Al b i on si o D i vi si on 11,059 8,000 N orth ei n S u p eri or B u rst 12,112 10,406 10,000 B roa d wel l I n d u stri a l D i vi 12,000 M apl e B 12,749 14,000 7 1940 en 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 B Al b Since the 1960s, Albion has experienced a steady decline in population; between 2010 and 2020, the population dropped by 10.6%. However, ESRI Business Analyst projects that the City’s population will rise to 8,136 persons by 2026, an increase of 5.6%. i on As of 2020, Albion has a total population of 7,700. AL B I O N TO WN S H I P C i ty of Al b i on D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S 0 0. 2 8 0. 5 5 M i l es Figure 3: Population Change: Albion & Surrounding Communities, 2010-2020 City of Albion 2.0% 0.0% -2.0% -4.0% -6.0% -8.0% Albion Homer Township Township I I -2.6% Homer Village I I -3.9% Figure 4: Population Change: Calhoun County & Surrounding Counties, 2010-2020 Calhoun County Marshall Marshall Sheridan City Township Township 1.3% -5.6% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% -6.6% -1.0% -2.0% -10.6% Kalamazoo County St. Joseph County 4.5% 4.0% -10.0% -12.0% Jackson County 5.0% I I • -3.8% Branch County -I- 0.1% • -1.3% - -0.9% -0.6% Calhoun County also experienced population decline over the last decade. The significantly higher population decline in Albion suggests outward migration to other neighboring cities and townships in the county. Almost all surrounding communities have faced population decline over the last decade, but Albion’s rate is the highest at 10.6%. Figure 5: Racial Composition Albion & Calhoun County, 2020 0.1% 1.2% 0.3% 0.1% 2.3% 1.2% 8.3% 0.3% 2.3% 2.8% 2.1% 0.0% White alone 0.7% 8.3% 7.1% Black or African American alone American Indian and Alaska Native alone 10.8% Asian alone 28.7% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 59.1% Some Other Race alone Population of two or more races 76.5% 28.7% City of Albion 59.1% • White alone • Black or African American alone • American Indian and Alaska Native alone •Asian alone •Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone •Some Other Race alone • Population of two or more races Calhoun County Over the last 20 years, the racial makeup of the City has remained consistent; as of the 2020, nearly 60% of Albion’s current residents identify as White only. Albion’s Black population is nearly 2.5 times that of the County. Nearly 8.5% of Albion residents identify has Hispanic or Latino, an increase from the 2010 ratio of 6% (Hispanic or Latino identification is a separate classification from race). 14 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �0 Under 5 5 to 9 10 to 14 15 to 19 - 85 and over 75-84 65-74 55-64 45-54 35-44 25-34 20 to 24 15 to 19 10 to 14 5 to 9 Under 5 -15.0% -10.0% -5.0% = 0.0% • Male 5.0% 467 436 II II 590 627 649 489 447 1,104 1,015 899 897 700 779 670 II II II I II 11 II 11 11 20 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 59 60 to 64 65 to 74 75 to 84 10.0% 15.0% 2019 253 190 200 •2010 428 331 400 480 600 430 800 712 1000 671 574 1200 967 1,103 1400 1,178 Figure 6: Age Distribution, 2019 . 85 and over The median age in Albion slightly decreased from 31.7 years in 2010 to 30.8 years in 2019. The net increase in population in the 15-34 age range is likely due to the increasing student population but is also suggestive of a recovering job market and economy. However, the subsequent decrease in people in the 35-64 ages could either be due to lack of higher-level jobs or suitable options to raise “mature families” in Albion. The senior population (65 years and over) accounts for nearly 14% of the total population. • Female Figure 7: Households, 2019 Figure 8: Households by Type, 2019 • Married-couple family 38.2% 2,812 2.43 • Cohabiting couple household • Male householder, no 3.11 spouse/partner present In 2019, Albion had a total of 2,812 households, a 16.3% decrease from 2010. Deviating from the statelevel trend, the average household size and family size grew from 2.32 and 2.98 in 2010 to 2.43 and 3.11 in 2019 respectively, indicating the need for familyfriendly housing formats. Figure 9: Education, 2019 35.7% 17.4% 8.8% • Female householder, no spouse/partner present Nearly 39% of Albion’s households are female householders with no spouse/partner, a group which tends to live in higher poverty rates. Figure 10: Veteran Status, 2019 Figure 11: Disability, 2019 88.3% 18.2% About 89% of Albion’s population has a high school degree or higher; 18.2% has a bachelor’s degree or higher, and these people typically seek specialized job opportunities. 5.6% 15.4% 5.6% of Albion’s civilian population 18 years and older has a veteran status. Approximately 15% of Albion’s population has a disability; 32.5% adults over the age of 65 have a disability. Community Profile | 15 �Demographic Profile Summary Key demographic trends and the resulting impact on planning and development are highlighted below: » Albion is experiencing population decline at a much higher rate than the surrounding communities and the county, signaling that people are migrating outwards likely due to better housing and economic opportunities or quality of life. Population has an impact on state revenue sharing, and as a result of 2020 Census results which showed a population decline, the City will receive reduced funding from the State. » The City is seeing a net growth of the student-age population (ages 15-34). Retaining the youth population while simultaneously addressing the needs of the aging baby boomer generation will be crucial to controlling population decline. » The growing households and family size in the City indicates that the City also needs to be viable for families, which may be achieved by providing suitable housing options, higher-level and higherpaying jobs, and improving other quality-of-life aspects in Albion. » Providing an array of housing formats at different levels of affordability will be imperative in equitably supporting the different demographics such as students, seniors, families, single-parent households, veterans, and persons with disabilities. SOCIOECONOMIC PROFILE Figure 13: Median Earnings, 2019 Figure 12: Median Income, 2019 t $34,467 Figure 14: Median Income in Albion & Surrounding Communities, 2019 $60,000 $40,000 $20,000 $0 $48,607 $34,467 I Albion $57,144 I I Calhoun County Michigan Figure 15: Households with Income Below $25,000, 2019 $62,843 I United States In 2019, Albion’s median household income was much lower than the national, state, and county values; this is not unexpected considering nearly 60% of the population is under the age of 24 or above 65. 16 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan ' The median earnings for female full-time year-round workers is approximately $240 higher than that of men. Albion’s median income in 2019 was $34,467. $80,000 $32,234 • $32,475 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 34.8% I Albion 23.9% 20.6% 19.2% I I I Calhoun County Michigan United States Perhaps because a percentage of the workforce is not engaged, nearly 35% of Albion’s households have an income below $25,000. �Figure 16: Employment Status, 2019 Figure 17: Employment Change, 2019 - 60.0% 50.0% Employed CiviliansCivilians Employed 43.9% 43.9% 0.0% 51.3% 51.3% • Unemployed Civilians • Unemployed Civilians Armed Forces Forces • Armed Not in labor force Not in labor force • 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 4.7% 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Albion 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Calhoun County 4.7% A0.0% little over half of Albion’s population over 16 years of age are employed in the civilian labor force; the unemployment rate of the civilian labor force is 8.4%. The overall civilian labor employment in Albion has experienced periods of highs and lows; however, the net increase since 2017 is promising. Figure 18: Commuting Patterns, 2019 Figure 19: Poverty, 2019 With Food Stamp/SNAP benefits in the past 12 months 1,645 With cash public assistance income 501 With Supplemental Security Income 2,327 The existing workforce is very mobile; 501 people are employed and live in the City, 1,645 are employed in Albion but live outside, and 2,327 are employed outside Albion but live in Albion. The high number of residents with employment outside the City suggests a lack of diverse employment opportunities. With retirement income With Social Security 26.20% I 2.20% 9.60% 21.40% 39.40% The percentage of people living below the poverty level dropped form 32.7% in 2010 to 27.6% in 2019. About 40% of households receive social security income, and over a quarter of households receive food stamps/SNAP benefits. Socioeconomic Profile Summary Key socioeconomic trends and the resulting impact on planning and development are highlighted below: » The net increase in employment since 2017 combined with reducing poverty rates point towards a recovering economy and job market. However, the low median income remains concerning as a large percentage of the workforce is not engaged. » Nearly 45% of Albion’s population aged 16 years and over are not currently in the Civilian labor force; reengaging this population in the civilian labor force will be crucial in reducing the unemployment rate (currently at 8.5%), increasing the median income, and strengthening the overall economy of Albion. » Albion is transitioning from a manufacturing-based economy to a service- and consumer-based economy. With the City’s support, the growing “education services, health care, and social assistance” and “arts, entertainment, & recreation, accommodation & food services” industries can create new job opportunities. Community Profile | 17 �HOUSING & NEIGHBORHOODS 4 Image Source: City of Albion The City of Albion is collaborating with a diverse array of stakeholders to improve and expand the existing housing stock, redevelop and rebuild its neighborhoods, and create a more vibrant and equitable community. Local leaders and citizens alike recognize that a quality housing stock is a tremendous asset in attracting new residents and encouraging current residents to stay within the community. 18 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �HOUSING PROFILE Figure 20: Housing Diversity, 2019 Figure 21: Median Housing Value, 2019 $200,000 $154,900 $150,000 $110,000 $100,000 $56,800 • $50,000 Albion would benefit from promoting housing diversity. In addition to single-family homes, an array of housing formats like small-lot homes, duplexes, triplexes, apartments, and mixed uses are required to support smaller households and low- to moderateincome households. Figure 22: Housing Units, 2019 3,473 Albion had an estimated total of 3,473 housing units in 2019, as 15.5% decrease since 2010. Albion Calhoun County Michigan In 2019, the median housing value in Albion was $56,800, which is significantly lower than that of the county and state. Figure 23: Housing Units by Type, 2019 Boat, RV, van, etc. Mobile home 20 or more units 10 to 19 units 5 to 9 units 3 or 4 units 2 units 1-unit, attached 1-unit, detached 0.0% 0.6% 4.4% 3.5% 5.0% 4.8% 8.4% 0.6% ---I I 0% 72.8% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% Nearly 73% of housing units are single-family detached units. Figure 24: Housing Occupancy Status, 2019 81% $0 19% In 2019, 81% of homes were occupied while 19% were vacant. Figure 25: Housing Tenure, 2019 58% 42% Owner-occupied housing units account for the majority (58%) of occupied units, while the remaining 42% are occupied by renters. Figure 26: Age of Housing, 2019 Built 2010 or later 0.0% Built 1980 - 2010 7.5% Built 1950 - 1980 36.0% Built before 1950 0.0% 56.6% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% Albion has an aging housing stock; approximately 56% of the City’s housing stock was built prior to 1950, while only 7.5% of all units have been built since 1980. Housing & Neighborhoods | 19 �Figure 27: Housing Costs, 2019 Cost-burdened households are those who pay more than 30% of their income for housing. Percentages in the graphics below represent the percentage of total income that owners / renters spend on housing costs. Owners with a Mortgage Renters $820 24.6% 36.5% 24.6% 36.5% 2.8% 4.5% 2.8% 4.5% 15.0% 15.0% $680 12.1% Less than 10.0% 16.5% 10.0 than to 14.9% 10.0% • Less 10.1% • Less than 20.0% 15.0 to to 14.9% 19.9% 10.0 •20.0 to 24.9% to 19.9% •15.0 25.0 to 29.9% 20.0 •30.0%to or24.9% more •25.0 to 29.9% 20.9% 57.0% •20.0 to 24.9% •25.0 to 29.9% • 30.0% or more • 30.0% or more 16.5% Nearly 49% of owner-occupied units had a mortgage and their median “selected month owner costs” was $820. About a quarter of owner-occupied units with a mortgage were housing cost burdened in 2019. In 2019, the median gross rent was $680 and about 12% of renter units experienced housing cost burden. 35% of survey respondents indicated a barrier In 2015, the City conducted a target market analysis (TMA) produced by Zimmerman/Volk Associates. The analysis highlighted that there is demand for new housing units in and around downtown Albion. to living in their preferred housing type. 1/3 of survey respondents indicated that a different housing type, if available, would better meet their current housing needs. Albion is a diverse community. Albion College, a premiere four-year residential college, attracts an influx of academic talent, both in terms of students as well as faculty and staff. At the other the end of the age spectrum, Albion’s senior citizens are an integral part of the fabric of the community. Therefore, it is important that the City’s housing strategy range from the development of loft apartments to considering specific options expressly designed for seniors, including assisted living. As new housing products are developed, it will be important to consider issues of accessibility and accommodations of barrier-free design, to allow all persons, regardless of physical ability, weight, height, or age, equal access to facilities. 20 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan There remains a wide range of housing options between single-dwelling units and multi-dwellingunit apartment complexes that remain unexplored in Albion. “Missing Middle” housing is a term that refers to housing that is similar in size to single-family structures, but rather than a series of detached units on individual lots, the units are clustered on a single lot or buildings contain multiple units.1 Missing Middle housing typologies (Duplex, Triplex, Quadplex, Bungalow Courts, Multiplex, Live/Work units) effortlessly integrate density, even into traditional single-family residential neighborhoods, and build housing diversity throughout the community (see the figure titled “Missing Middle Housing”). Gradually integrating density expands housing options and advances housing affordability for all income groups. Accessory Dwelling units (ADUs) are another effective tool to diversify the existing housing stock and offer low impact increases to density. Colloquially referred to as “in-law units” or “granny flats,” they are smaller units located in �Figure 28: Missing Middle Housing Single-family Home • • Beckett&Raeder the rear lots of residential parcels, subordinate to the principal structure, that may be used to house family members or to be rented to a nonfamily member. ADUs offer a lower-cost way to add new units without disturbing the composition of existing neighborhoods. Considering that students, young adults, and seniors together constitute a large majority of Albion’s population, smaller units such as ADUs could address some of these groups’ housing needs. A declining population over the past several decades has contributed to an increase in vacant buildings in the City. The apparent improvements to economic conditions in Albion present an opportunity to diversify housing options. Current and past efforts to diversify housing in Albion have included working in partnership with the Calhoun County Land Bank to demolish blighted residential structures and encourage infill housing development, and redeveloping abandoned industrial facilities into residential communities such as Sheldon Place Apartments. SHIFTING HOUSING PREFERENCES » Mixed Use, walkable urban neighborhoods » More singles or couples without children » Choose to rent rather than own » Enjoy living in downtown areas 70% of survey respondents either strongly agreed (47%) or agreed (23%) that the City would benefit from an ordinance insuring that rental properties are regularly inspected for safety. Blight elimination was noted as a major concern by a number of participants in the Community Input Survey. Some people did acknowledge the work that the City is doing to address this problem. Others called for greater code enforcement. SOURCE 1 Opticos Design. Missing Middle Housing. https:// missingmiddlehousing.com/ Housing & Neighborhoods | 21 �PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 5 Source: City of Albion Founded at the confluence of the north and south branches of the Kalamazoo River, the natural environment and the built environment in Albion have been symbiotic since the City’s genesis. This section inventories and spatially examines significant natural, infrastructure, and cultural resources in Albion and sets a holistic framework to integrate the natural environment into the City’s future land use. 22 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �I M P E RVI O U S SU R FACE S S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P 29 Mile 94 ' % ( & Impervious Surfaces N orth Al b i on B erri en S u p eri or te i n n C a ss C l i n ton H u ron i si o n R i ver H av I rwi n Div E ri e Ash H an n ah i si o ¹ I i gan I on i a Div M i ch D i vi si on Pi n e C l a rk M apl e tt Ellio I n d u stri a l B u rs 2 9 1 /2 M i l e Like communities throughout the State, infrastructure in Albion is aging. Maintaining quality infrastructure is important to every aspect of community growth and development, ranging from sidewalk and road maintenance to facilitating the use of high-speed telecommunications and other technologies to maintaining underground water and sewer mains. Upgrading aging water and sewer infrastructure is a top priority for Albion. By 2023, the City must have a list of all lead and copper pipes for the State, all of which must be replaced by 2040. Additionally, the City will install a new water tower to provide better service to the east side of the City and to provide adequate storage capacity for future development. Wa tson B roa d wel l E a ton Capital Improvements ã I F i n l ey Impervious surfaces are constructed surfaces that obstruct the infiltration of water into the soil. The map titled “Impervious Surfaces” uses a percentage scale between 1 and 100, where 100% denotes “fully impervious,” to spatially represent areas of high impermeability in Albion. The areas with the highest degree of impervious surfaces (depicted in purple) are clustered along major transportation throughfares and the City’s railroad. The impervious pocket located in the northeast quadrant of the city, along Clark Street, captures the heavy industrial development. Most areas in Albion, however, are only moderately impervious. Thus, despite several areas of highly impervious surface, development around natural features (depicted in white) is relatively low, and hence the total percentage of impervious surface is also relatively low. The City’s highly impervious areas are important to understand because this characteristic increases stormwater runoff, putting pressure on stormwater and sewer system and potentially causing flooding and drinking water contamination. 94 ' ( & % B B u rr O a k The built environment consists of structures, networks, and spaces that have been substantially physically altered by human effort. While the importance of investing in the built environment cannot be overstated, it is equally important to ensure that natural resources are protected. Map 2: Impervious Surfaces 28 Mile BUILT ENVIRONMENT en B Al b AL B I O N TO WN S H I P i on ¹ I P ercen t I m p ervi ou s 0% 1 00% D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S 0 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es Redevelopment Albion’s revitalization strategy focuses on directing developers toward available resources. The City provides all of the information available to assist in accomplishing a specific development and acts as an agent that connects a prospective developer to the many resources available for redevelopment projects. Sustainable redevelopment is the desired approach – development that meets the needs of the present while being mindful of and not compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable development ranges from reusing portions of existing structures, when possible, to minimizing impervious surfaces to reduce storm water handling/management and promoting green infrastructure as discussed in the following section. Physical Characteristics | 23 �» Increased wildlife habitat, Map 2: Tree Canopy Coverage » Reduced ground and water temperatures, TR E E CAN O P Y CO VE R AG E » Reduced energy costs, and 28 Mile S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P 29 Mile » Visual barriers between conflicting land uses. 94 ' % ( & 94 ' % ( & B ã I N orth B erri en C a ss i si o n 2 9 1 /2 M i l e E a ton F i n l ey C l i n ton Div E ri e Ash H an n ah n I on i a i si o ¹ I i gan H u ron Al b i on Div M i ch D i vi si on Pi n e B u rr O a k te i n S u p eri or I n d u stri a l B u rs C l a rk Ellio tt M apl e Wa tson B roa d wel l R i ver H av I rwi n en B Al b AL B I O N TO WN S H I P i on ¹ I P ercen t Tree C overa g e 0% 1 00% D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S 0 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE Green infrastructure is both a network of green space and natural areas, along with built techniques such as rain gardens and bio swales that preserve the function of the natural ecosystem. It is a system that protects water quality, functions as a filtering and drainage network at little to no cost, and provides recreational opportunities for citizens. Tree Canopy Trees are the most prominent type of green infrastructure, providing not only aesthetic benefits, but health and environmental benefits including: » Reduced erosion and stormwater runoff, » Reduced air pollution, 24 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan The “Tree Canopy Coverage” map shows the tree canopy for the City in 2016. Using remote sensing and satellite imagery, the federal government inventories the tree canopy for the contiguous United States every five years. The map uses a percentage scale between 1 and 100, where 100% denotes maximum tree canopy coverage (indicated in dark green). On one hand, areas with the highest tree canopy coverage coincide with parklands and or undeveloped/vacant land; on the other hand, when comparing the “Tree Canopy Coverage” map with the “Impervious Surfaces” map, it is evident that the areas with lowest percentage of tree canopy coverage correspond with the areas of high impervious surface or the extensively developed areas along major corridors, downtown, and industrial zones. The presence of trees or other green infrastructure methods near highly impervious areas can often mitigate many of the negative externalities of large swaths of paved areas by absorbing excessive runoff and filtering water. The Albion Tree Committee is a local nonprofit that has a tree farm just outside of the City and provides trees for the City and for Albion residents. This is a valuable local resource, and it represents the existing importance of tree canopy coverage in Albion. Green Infrastructure Methods Low impact development (LID) is a broad term for the set of practices that imitate natural processes to allow stormwater to infiltrate the ground as opposed to channeling it toward water bodies. The table titled “Green Infrastructure Methods” shows several examples of landscaping and low impact development standards that are appropriate in Albion. �Table 2: Green Infrastructure Methods METHOD DESCRIPTION Rainwater Harvesting Systems that collect and store rainwater for later use. Rain Gardens Shallow, vegetated gardens that collect and absorb runoff from streets, sidewalks, and roofs. Planter Boxes Boxes along sidewalks, streets, or parking lots that collect and absorb rainwater; they can be designed with a notch to allow additional stormwater to flow in, as with rain gardens. These also serve as streetscaping elements. Bioswales Linear and vegetated channels, typically adjacent to a road or parking lot, that slow, retain, and filter stormwater. Permeable Pavement Pavement that absorbs, filters, and stores rainwater. Green Roofs Vegetated roofs that absorb and filter rainwater. Tree Canopy Trees reduce and slow stormwater flow. EXAMPLE Source: United States Environmental Protection Agency Physical Characteristics | 25 �» Developing parks and programming; PARKLAND AND NONMOTORIZED CONNECTIVITY » Providing comprehensive and shared recreational programs and facilities for all ages; Parkland » Providing attractive entrances to the city with landscaping, welcome signs, and consistent branding; and Albion’s riverfront and parks are important community assets that provide recreational opportunities and contribute to placemaking and the overall quality of life. The City’s Parks and Recreation Master Plan prioritizes the following: » Promoting recreation programs and park facilities.1 » Providing adequate facilities for outdoor athletics and recreation; The map titled “Parkland” illustrates Albion’s parklands and nonmotorized trails and also provides information on parkland ownership. Correspondingly, the table titled “Parkland Inventory” lists and classifies the City’s parks, » Providing preservation and recreational uses of the Kalamazoo River and Albion River Trail; Table 3: Parkland Inventory # NAME OF PARK TYPE OF PARK AMENITIES 3 Bournelis Park Mini Park Seating, fishing, river trail access 4 Molder Park Mini Park Seating 5 Porter Street Canoe Dock Canoe launch 6 Harris Field 7 Ketchum Field 8 McAuliffe Park 9 McIntosh Park Mini Park Neighborhood Park/ Playground Neighborhood Park/ Playground Neighborhood Park/ Playground Neighborhood Park/ Playground 10 Holland park Picnic tables, playground, grills, concession stand, restrooms Picnic tables, playground, concession stand, restrooms 13 Barnes Park Picnic table, grills, restrooms, ballfields, basketball court, playground, restrooms Picnic shelter, sandlot, ball field, playground, basketball court, restrooms, drinking fountain, playground, future splash pad Intergenerational facilities: Picnic tables, seating, playground, Neighborhood Park/ children’s garden, basketball courts, restrooms, drinking fountain, Playground fitness equipment, Little Free Library Warming shelter, bandshell, pavilions, playgrounds, disc Community Park golf, shuffleboard, baseball, pond, fishing, observation deck, basketball courts, bicycle racks, bleachers Special Use Park Beach, river access, dock, picnic table 14 Crowell Park Special Use Park Water Tower, open space 15 Gold Star Park Special Use Park Memorial Park 16 Lloyd Park Seating, tables, performance deck, river access 17 McClure Park 18 19 20 Stoffer Plaza / Market Place Washington Street Park Riverside Cemetery Special Use Park Special Use Park/ Conservancy Special Use Park Special Use Park Special Use Park Special Use Park (Unofficial) Special Use Park (Mixed Ownership) Special Use Park (Mixed Ownership) Linear Park 11, Victory Park / Rieger Park 12 Albion Dog Park 22 Collaboration Corner 21 Weatherford Garden Albion River Trail Source: City of Albion Parks and Recreation Master Plan 2022-2026 26 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan River trail, historic bridge, river access Farmer's Market pavilion, picnic benches River access, fishing, picnic tables, grills Fishing and migratory bird watching Dog park Seating, paths, Little Free Library Seating Trails �Map 3: Parkland PAR K L AN D S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P 94 ' % ( & ã I 94 ' % ( & M cI n tosh P a rk 9 K etch u m F i el d M cAu l i ffe P a rk 8 14 Wea th erford G a rd en 21 17 H a rri s F i el d 6 ¹ I 23 C rowel l P a rk M cC l u re P a rk 7 Al b i on D og P a rk C ol l a b ora ti on C or n er 22 G ol d S ta r P a rk 15 M ol d er P a rk H ol l a n d 4 19 P a rk 10 Wa sh i n g ton 3 1 6 Ll oyd P a rk S t P a rk K resg e G ym n a si u m 1 B ou r n el i s P a rk 18 5 P orter S t M a rket P l a za C a n oe D ock D ow R ecrea ti on 11 C en ter R i eg er P a rk 2 25 Vi ctory P a rk Wh i teh ou se N a tu re Tra i l s 12 24 Al b i on R i ver Tra i l R i versi d e C em etery 20 B a r n es P a rk 26 13 AL B I O N TO WN S H I P N a n cy G . H el d E q u estri a n C en ter ¹ I C i ty O wn ed F a ci l i ty M i xed O wn ersh i p F a ci l i ty P ri va te F a ci l i ty Tra i l P a rkl a n d D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S 0 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es Physical Characteristics | 27 �MDNR PARK CLASSIFICATIONS Mini Parks: Address limited, isolated, or unique recreational needs. Neighborhood Park / Playground: Serve as the recreational and social focus of the neighborhood and provide both active and passive recreation. Community Park: Serve a broader purpose than neighborhood parks; these focus on meeting community-based recreation needs, and preserving unique landscapes and open spaces. Special Use Park: Cover a broad range of parks and recreation facilities oriented towards a single-purpose use. Linear Park: Multipurpose trails located within greenways, parks, and natural resource areas with a focus on recreational value and harmony with natural environment. including a short description of the amenities available at each park. Nonmotorized Connectivity Nonmotorized trails are good for the health of residents and connect people regionally. The Albion River Trail, an important community asset, runs through Albion for three miles along the Kalamazoo River and serves as both a recreational and economic resource. Albion is the central point of four regional and national trail systems: The Calhoun County Trailway that will eventually connect to trail systems and routes in Kalamazoo County to the west and to Jackson County to the east; the Great Lake-to-Lake Trail from South Haven to Port Huron; the Iron Belle Trail from Detroit to Ironwood in the Upper Peninsula; and the approximately 4,800-milelong North Country National Scenic Trail that stretches from Vermont to North Dakota. The City of Albion has been designated as a “Trail Town” by the North Country Trail Association. Trail towns have developed systems of trails and created a welcoming environment with amenities such as bicycle and kayak racks and picnic tables at access 28 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan points. Wayfinding signage and kiosks encourage trail users to visit and patronize downtown businesses and use local amenities. Water trails also translate into regional economic growth. As one of the cities along the Kalamazoo River, Albion is thus located on the proposed Kalamazoo River water trail, a joint effort with the Southcentral Michigan Planning Council, the Potawatomi Resource Conservation and Development Council, and the Kalamazoo River Watershed Council. WATER Watersheds A watershed refers to a geographic area within which all stormwater and groundwater eventually flows via gravity to a large waterbody. Albion is a part of the Kalamazoo River Watershed, which empties into Lake Michigan. Since the watershed covers multiple political jurisdictions (see the map titled “Watershed”), a larger body known as the Kalamazoo Watershed Council (KRWC) manages the watershed. The KRWC and various stakeholders have developed several management plans and resources that serve as a road map to restoring and protecting the watershed and water quality of the streams and rivers.2 Floodplain A floodplain is the land surrounding a river, stream, lake or drain that becomes regularly inundated by the overflow of water. The map titled “FEMA-Designated Floodplains” shows the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) designated floodplains in Albion. The area of the floodplain indicated in blue on the map represents a 1% chance of annual flooding, also known as the 100-year flood area. The area of the floodplain indicated in yellow represents a 0.2% chance of annual flooding, known as the 500-year flood area. Small portions of land along the river, in the northwest and southeast parts of the City, have a 1% chance of annual flooding. The term “floodway” refers to the channel of a river or other watercourse and the adjacent land areas where there is moving water during a flooding event.3 Development is generally prohibited in the floodway. Small portions of land in the southeast part of the City adjacent to the river are in the floodway. It is important the understand �Map 4: Watershed Map 5: FEMA-Designated Floodplains WATE R SH E D F E M A - D E SI G N ATE D F L O O D P L AI N S 29 Mile 28 Mile S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P 94 ' % ( & 94 ' % ( & ã I Ellio tt Wa tson M apl e B C l a rk N orth te i n B erri en Al b i on M i ch n C a ss n H an n ah i si o 2 9 1 /2 M i l e E a ton F i n l ey C l i n ton Div E ri e Ash R i ver H av I rwi n ¹ I i gan H u ron i si o I on i a Div D i vi si on Pi n e B u rr O a k B u rs S u p eri or I n d u stri a l B roa d wel l en B Al b i on AL B I O N TO WN S H I P ¹ I S TAT E O F I N D I A N A C i ty of Al b i on F l ood wa y C i ty 1 % An n u a l F l ood p l a i n K a l a m a zoo Wa tersh ed 0. 2 % An n u a l F l ood p l a i n D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S 0 0 5 10 M i l es 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es Albion River Trail signage. Source: City of Albion Physical Characteristics | 29 �the location of flood-prone areas, especially in Albion where the river runs through the center of the City, as development in any portion of a floodplain can severely exacerbate flooding events. Additionally, Albion received a grant to conduct a feasibility study and review of the City’s dams, to be completed in 2022. The study will determine the viability of removing the five dams in the Kalamazoo River within City limits. Wetlands Wetlands are saturated areas which include swamps, marshes, bogs, wet meadows, mud flats, and natural ponds. They are beneficial because they filter, store, and recharge groundwater; serve as a buffer for flood control; nurture wildlife and biodiversity; purify water and produce oxygen; and often serve as recreational locations. There are approximately 170 acres of wetlands in Albion, over 53% of which are existing wetlands. Restorative wetlands, wetlands that need intervention to become fully operational again, make up about 46% of the remaining wetlands. Development on wetlands—of area five acres and above—is strictly controlled by the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy (EGLE). Therefore, it is the City’s responsibility to protect and preserve wetlands under five acres. Map 6: Wetlands TYPES OF WETLANDS WE TL AN D S S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P 29 Mile 28 Mile Emergent: Characterized by rooted herbaceous hydrophytes, like moss and lichen. 94 ' % ( & ' % ( & Ellio tt Wa tson M apl e ã I Forested: Characterized by woody plants taller than six feet and are usually farther way from water than emergent wetlands. 94 B Restorative: Areas where wetlands may be fully or as closely restored to their existing conditions. C l a rk N orth te i n B erri en C a ss n Table 4: Area of Wetlands 2 9 1 /2 M i l e E a ton F i n l ey C l i n ton i si o R i ver H av I rwi n Div E ri e Ash H an n ah n I on i a i si o Source: EGLE ¹ I i gan H u ron Al b i on Div M i ch D i vi si on Pi n e B u rr O a k B u rs S u p eri or I n d u stri a l B roa d wel l en WETLAND TYPE B Al b .I AL B I O N TO WN S H I P i on ¹ I E m erg en t Wetl a n d F orested Wetl a n d R estora ti ve Wetl a n d D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S 0 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es ACRES PERCENT Emergent 33.1 19.7% Forested 57.2 34.0% Existing Total 90.3 53.7% Restorative 77.9 46.3% Total 168.2 100.0% Source: EGLE SOURCES 1 City of Albion Parks and Recreation Master Plan 2022-2026 2 Kalamazoo River Watershed Council. About. https://kalamazooriver.org/about/ 3 Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Glossary. https://www.fema.gov/about/glossary 30 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �TRANSPORTATION & CIRCULATION 6 Source: City of Albion Transportation infrastructure is a fundamental component of planning that determines a community’s land use patterns, mobility, and connectivity. Roads, sidewalks, bicycle infrastructure, and public transit allow residents to move between home, work, places to socialize, and other everyday destinations. Moreover, regional connectivity via road, rail, air, or other modes, provides residents with new social and economic avenues. Since transportation networks have a profound impact on the everyday lives of people, advancing community-driven strategies to improve this infrastructure enables an equitable community. This chapter inventories Albion’s existing infrastructure, discusses complete street enhancements along major corridors, and explores multi-modal transportation opportunities in the City. Transportation & Circulation | 31 �ROAD SYSTEM The City of Albion has 56 miles of road within its boundary.1 Albion’s major throughfare, the I-94 business loop, is a 4.4-mile route that runs south from I-94 along Eaton Street, east along Austin Avenue (M-199), south via Superior Street (M-99) into downtown Albion, then east on Michigan Avenue (M-99). The direct connectivity of Albion’s downtown and commercial center with an interstate is highly beneficial for the economic health of the City. These highways (Business I-94, M-99, and M-199) fall under the Michigan Department of Transportation’s (MDOT) jurisdiction, giving the City limited influence over their design. Either Calhoun County or Albion’s Department of Public Services manages the remainder of the roads in the City. NATIONAL FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION Principal Arterial Roads: Carry long-distance, through-travel traffic. Minor Arterial Roads: Carry long-distance commercial traffic between cities. Major Collectors: Serve local business districts and channel traffic toward arterials. Local Roads: Promote access to adjoining properties. Road Classifications and Traffic Volumes The map “National Functional Classification” represents Albion’s road system using the National Functional Classification (NFC)—a hierarchical system developed by the Federal Highway Administration in the 1960s, to determine the amount of federal funding to be allocated to each road type. All of Albion’s roads fall into one of the four NFC categories: principal arterial, minor arterial, major collector, and local roads. The principal arterial road in Albion—along Michigan Avenue and N. Eaton Street—will receive higher funding due to the NFC hierarchy, followed by the minor arterials: Austin Avenue and Superior Street. Because MDOT manages these roads, the City has limited control over any infrastructure decisions. This is notable, as these roads pass through Albion’s downtown, and any decisions made by MDOT regarding speed limits or road developments will directly impact pedestrian safety, walkability, and the overall character of the downtown and adjacent neighborhoods. Local roads, on the other hand, do not receive any federal funding; hence, the City is responsible for their upkeep through local funding. MDOT also calculates the average number of vehicles that travel on roadways daily throughout the year, a figure termed “average annual daily traffic” or AADT, also shown on the “National Functional Classification” map. Mirroring the NFC hierarchy, N. Eaton Street carries the largest traffic volumes with a maximum daily average of 8,727. Superior Street, Austin Avenue, Erie Street, and Michigan Avenue are some of the other busiest roads in the City. 32 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan Superior Street that runs through downtown Albion is a primary arterial. Source: City of Albion Road signage at the intersection of Ash and Superior Streets. Source: City of Albion �Map 7: National Functional Classification 28 Mile N ATI O N AL F U N CTI O N AL CL ASSI F I CATI O N 36 29 Mile 21 55 S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P 08 0 23 94 ' % ( & 3 645 3 B 981 1 83 8 1 71 6 9 Wa tson 1 61 7 Ellio tt 371 M apl e N orth 1 5 1 1 C l a rk 6 C a ss 965 5724 2 82 7 61 ¹ I 3573 is Div 80 i on 9 906 en H an n ah H av 2 9 1 /2 M i l e 1 21 1 R i ver 5 06 F i n l ey C l i n ton 405 61 3 I on i a 7 96 I rwi n 5 961 35 882 E a ton 41 09 E ri e 1 92 1 7 87 3 3 93 0 n 87 8 i si o 692 B u rr O a k 93 1 5 441 1 643 Div Al b i on 737 B erri en 5 2 4 7 91 8 41 7 87 2 7 45 6 B u rste i n 3 42 1 07 0 1 1 43 ã I 2 3 80 7 81 2 17 1 639 94 ' % ( & B 22 71 Al b i on 1 442 ¹ I 1 573 AL B I O N TO WN S H I P I n tersta te P ri n ci p a l Arteri a l M i n or Arteri a l M a jor C ol l ector M i n or C ol l ector Loca l R oa d #### An n u a l Avera g e D a i l y Tra ffi c (2 01 9 ) D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S 0 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es Transportation & Circulation | 33 �Road Condition Map 8: PASER, 2016-2019 The quality of roads impacts mobility and safety, which in turn affects the overall quality of life for residents in a community. The Transportation Asset Management Council (TAMC) conducts a visual survey called the Pavement Surface Evaluation and ½ I Rating (PASER) to evaluate the conditions of roads. The surface conditions are rated on a scale of 1-10 and then categorized as good, fair, or poor; the map titled “PASER” presents the conditions of Albion’s roads using this scale. PASE R , 2 01 6 - 2 01 9 29 Mile 28 Mile S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P 94 ' % ( & 94 ' % ( & ã I Ellio tt Wa tson M apl e B C l a rk N orth te i n B erri en C a ss i si o n 2 9 1 /2 M i l e E a ton F i n l ey C l i n ton Div E ri e Ash R i ver H av I rwi n ¹ I H an n ah n The map clearly depicts that a vast majority of Albion’s roads are recorded to be in poor (indicated in red) or fair (indicated in yellow) condition; only a handful of road segments are in good condition (indicated in green). As shown in the table titled “PASER rating,” a little over 65% of all roads in Albion are in poor condition. While Michigan’s extreme weather exacerbates the regular wear and tear, deteriorating road conditions throughout cause several issues in daily commute and safety. Not depicted in the map are roads that the City has recently upgraded, including: i gan I on i a i si o M i ch H u ron Al b i on Div D i vi si on Pi n e B u rr O a k B u rs S u p eri or I n d u stri a l B roa d wel l en B Al b AL B I O N TO WN S H I P i on ¹ I P oor C on d i ti on F a i r C on d i ti on G ood C on d i ti on D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S 0 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es » » » » » » » » Irwin Avenue North Street N. Clark Street 1st Street 2nd Street 3rd Street Wild Street Hartwell Street The Michigan Department of Transportation has repair and maintenance scheduled in 2026 for North and South Superior, North Eaton, and Michigan Ave. Albion is also in the process of developing a Transportation Asset Management Plan, which will provide guidance for the use of funds generated by a proposed road millage. Continued coordination between MDOT and the City will allow these projects to complement each other. Table 5: PASER Rating Sidewalk along Superior Street. Source: City of Albion 34 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan PASER RATING MILES PERCENT Fair 15.2 27.3% Good 3.3 5.9% Poor 36.5 65.6% No Rating 0.7 1.3% Total 55.6 100.0% Source: MDOT �Map 9: Traffic Crashes, 2016-2020 B I CYCL E I N VO LVE D CR ASH 29 Mile 29 Mile 28 Mile 28 Mile P E D E STR I AN I N VO LVE D CR ASH E S TR AF F I C CR ASH E S, 2 01 6 - 2 02 0 94 ' % ( & B roa d wel l ã I S u p eri or n C a ss E ri e B u rr O a k R i ver I rwi n H a ven si o n H a ven B Wa tson ¹ I D i vi 2 9 1 /2 M i l e E a ton H an n ah Ash F i n l ey 2 9 1 /2 M i l e E a ton R i ver I rwi n B D i vi si on H u ron si o H an n ah D i vi on C l i n ton H u ron si D i vi Al b i on ¹ I C l a rk N orth ei n I on i a Ash B u rst B erri en I n d u stri a l C l a rk B u rr O a k S u p eri or C a ss E ri e M apl e B erri en C l i n ton n F i n l ey ã I N orth I on i a 94 ' % ( & B si o E l l i ot t Wa tson B roa d wel l ã I ei n Al b i on D i vi I n d u stri a l E l l i ott 94 ' % ( & B u rst 94 ' % ( & B M apl e 29 Mile B Wa tson M apl e 28 Mile S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P Al b i on Ellio tt Al b i on n FATAL O R SE R I O U S I N J U RY CR ASH E S C rowel l Vi n e B roa d wel l ã I B erri en P orter D i vi P orter si o n C a ss E ri e Al l en P ea rl Pa rk R i ver ¹ I D i vi si o n 2 9 1 /2 M i l e er E a ton I rwi n n eg de Ri Ash Ash I on i a Li n AL B I O N TO WN S H I P F i n l ey E ri e C l a rk C en ter B u rr O a k N orth ei n H u ron C en ter B u rst S u p eri or C a ss B erri en I on i a i on ¹ I M apl e t Wa tson E l l i ot Al b P erry 94 ' % ( & B ¹ I M i ch i g a n Wa sh i n g ton B H an n ah i g an Al b i on M i ch en C l i n ton H av I n d u stri a l H an n ah R i ver E a ton I on i a M u l b erry 29 Mile 28 Mile C h estn ut D O WN TO WN CR ASH E S C h estn u t C l i n ton i si o 2 9 1 /2 M i l e E a ton F i n l ey C l i n ton 0. 5 M i l es n Pi n e Div E ri e I rwi n 0. 2 5 H u ro B erri en i gan Ash B i cycl e I n vol ved C ra sh 0 0. 5 M i l es H u ron M i ch C a ss 0. 2 5 M on roe n H u ron i si o ¹ I D i vi si on Pi n e ¹ I P ed . I n vol ved C ra sh 0 S u p eri or Al b i on Div ¹ I C l a rk N orth te i n B u rr O a k B u rs S u p eri or I n d u stri a l B roa d wel l H a ven B Al b i on Elm I on i a N u m b er of C ra sh es Wa l n u t 0 30 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es • ¹ I Oak R i ver ¹ I M ech a n i c M on roe : D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S , M i ch i g a n Tra ffi c C ra sh F a cts 0 Ha C ra sh ve n 0 0. 05 M S eri ou s I n ju ry F a ta l ai n 0. 1 M i l es 0 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es I rwi n Troubled Intersections and Road Safety Safety is undoubtedly the most essential element of road infrastructure which focuses on reducing the risk of accidents, injuries, and fatalities. While accidents can unfortunately occur at any segment of a road, 31% of Michigan’s fatal auto accidents in 2019 occurred at intersections.2 Therefore, identifying troubled intersections is an important first step to improving road safety in Albion. Using official crash data between 2016 and 2020 from the Michigan Traffic Crash Facts (MTCF) website, the series of “crash maps” spatially present roads and intersections in Albion with the highest number of crashes. The four-way intersection between Austin Avenue and N. Eaton Street witnessed the highest number of vehicular crashes. Other troubled intersections include: » The junction where N. Eaton Street meets W. Broadwell Street and Bemer Street. » The railway crossing where N. Superior Street meets Michigan Avenue. The maps also show a concentration of pedestrian and bicycle crashes at or near these two major troubled intersections: Austin Avenue and N. Eaton Street and N. Superior Street and Michigan Avenue. A high percentage of downtown crashes occurred between the railway tracks; however, the map also clearly indicates that crashes occurred fairly evenly throughout Albion’s downtown. Furthermore, all of the five serious injury crashes and the one fatal crash occurred along the railway track. MDOT offers a detailed guide to selecting locations and treatments for pedestrian crosswalks that should be used to formulate specific improvement recommendations.3 Transportation & Circulation | 35 �PUBLIC TRANSIT Access to quality public transit at affordable rates and regular frequency enables mobility for residents of all age groups, income levels, and abilities. Calhoun County is currently conducting a countywide public transit study; therefore, public transit options for county residents are likely to increase in the coming years. Albion is located on Amtrak’s Detroit-to-Chicago route, and the company announced in May of 2021 that its accelerated service would extend eastward to Albion to complement existing accelerated service between Chicago and Kalamazoo. This service improvement ultimately intends to reduce the travel time between the two major cities by two hours, to about 4.5 hours, and may increase the number of travelers on the route overall. Communities along the route, including Albion, may find this an opportune time to consider improvements to their train station. PUBLIC TRANSIT OPTIONS IN ALBION Amtrak: Albion is located along the Wolverine passenger route between Chicago and Detroit with everyday stops in the City. Albion-Marshall Connector: The Albion-Marshall Connector serves a broad audience and provides intercity bus services between Albion and Marshall for a nominal fee. Community Action: Community Action specializes in providing curb-to-curb services in Calhoun County for seniors aged 60 and over and disabled persons aged 18 and over. This service operates on a donation basis, and it helps its clientele with day-to-day transit needs. Greyhound: Albion has regular Greyhound schedules to several regional and interstate destinations accessible via the ticketing office or online. Figure 29: Commute Modes, 2019 4.1% 3.4% 6.6% Work from home Michigan 1.2% 1.1% 1.2% Other means Calhoun County 2.2% 3.1% 14.7% Walk Albion 1.3% 1.0% 0.8% Public transportation 82.3% 82.4% 67.4% • • 20% 40% Calhoun County 60% • 80% 100% Albion Approximately 67% of workers 16 years and over drove to work independently, and almost 15% walked to work; only a handful 0.8% of workers used public transportation, likely due to the lack of availability rather than choice. The mean travel time to work was approximately 20 minutes in Albion. 36 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan 92.3% 7.7% • Car, truck, or van – drove alone 0% • • 0% 8.9% 9.0% 9.3% Car, truck, or van – carpooled Michigan Figure 30: Vehicles Available, 2019 91.3% 8.7% 87.3% 12.7% 20% 40% At least one vehicle 60% • 80% 100% No vehicle Albion residents have lower rates of automobile ownership than Calhoun County and the State; nearly 13% of occupied households did not own vehicles. �COMPLETE STREETS The Complete Streets ethos is rooted in inclusivity and equity with a simple objective that streets are for everyone: auto users, bikes, pedestrian, and public transit users alike. From simple additions or modifications to full-fledged infrastructure revamps, complete street elements may be scaled based on the needs and budget of each individual community. Albion’s high percentage of commuters who walk to work—over five times higher than the state proportion—signals a need for safe, communitywide pedestrian access. Community engagement findings during the rebuilding of Superior Street revealed a strong preference against bicycle lanes which are unprotected from motorized traffic, suggesting that the traditional bicycle lane configuration needs adjustment in order to succeed here, perhaps in the form of a separated shared-use path or constructed and protected two-way bicycle lanes. The Michigan Department of Transportation’s 2019 Multi Modal Development and Delivery Guidebook (M2D2) contains recommended elements and appropriate contexts that may serve as a helpful reference as individual road projects offer opportunities to include Complete Streets elements. Enhancements along Major Corridors The City of Albion has several important gateways and corridors leading into the City and connecting it to other communities. The City aims to improve the appearance of its gateways and its primary corridors: Superior Street, Austin Avenue, Eaton Street, and Michigan Avenue. COMPLETE STREET ELEMENTS Sidewalks Bicycle Lanes Curb Extensions Safe Crossing Wayfinding Signage Street Landscaping Green Infrastructure Street Furniture Street Lighting Transportation & Circulation | 37 �Map 10: Corridors CO R R I D O R S 29 Mile 28 Mile S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P 94 ' % ( & 94 ' % ( & ã I Wa tson Ellio tt 3 M apl e B N orth M i ch n B erri en i gan C a ss E a ton E ri e Ash i si o n R i ver H av I rwi n Div 2 9 1 /2 M i l e F i n l ey C l i n ton 4 I on i a i si o ¹ I 1 H an n ah Al b i on Div B u rr O a k 2 C l a rk te i n H u ron B u rs S u p eri or I n d u stri a l B roa d wel l en B Al b AL B I O N TO WN S H I P ¹ I i on #1 : S u p eri or S treet #2 : Au sti n Ave #3 : E a ton S treet #4: M i ch i g a n Aven u e D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S 0 38 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es �1. SUPERIOR STREET CORRIDOR 2. AUSTIN AVENUE CORRIDOR The Superior Street corridor extends from Austin Avenue to the City’s southern border. At the Michigan Avenue intersection, it turns into the M-99 state highway. The predominant land use along the corridor is either residential or commercial, with commercial concentrated in the downtown stretch between Vine Street on the north and Ash Street on the south. The Austin Avenue corridor extends from Superior Street on the east to the western City border where it turns into the M-199 state highway. The predominant land uses along the corridor are either residential or commercial. This corridor also has a lot of vacant sites and/ or open space. 3. EATON STREET CORRIDOR 4. MICHIGAN AVENUE CORRIDOR The Eaton Street corridor extends from the City’s northern border where it intersects with I-94 to the intersection with Austin Avenue. It is also part of the I-94 business loop. The predominant land use along the corridor is commercial and the character is retail- and service-oriented, especially nearing the I-94 interchange. The Michigan Avenue (M-99) corridor extends from Superior Street on the west to the City’s eastern border. The predominant land uses along the corridor are either commercial or residential, being more residential on the eastern side of the corridor. The corridor also runs through the Albion College Campus. Transportation & Circulation | 39 �Table 6: Complete Street Enhancements Along Major Corridors COMPLETE STREET ELEMENT Sidewalks 1. SUPERIOR STREET 3. EATON STREET Comments Present Comments Present Comments Present Comments  Certain segments in poor condition.  Certain segments in poor condition.  South of Watson only.  None at Shell Station, Superior Street. Curb Extensions  Wayfinding Signage Buffer lanes Buffer lanes — — — — — — Pedestrian signals downtown; no clear lines to indicate crosswalks. Neither pedestrian signal nor crosswalk indication present along the residential stretch.  — Pedestrian signals at major intersections; no clear lines to indicate crosswalks. Neither pedestrian signal nor crosswalk indication present along the residential stretch.  Pedestrian signals at Austin and Watson intersections, crosswalks at both intersections have missing lines. Sidewalks, curbs, and crosswalks at Austin do not match up. Neither pedestrian signal nor crosswalk indication present along the residential stretch. — Albion College Landscaping  —  — No street trees at businesses. Green Infrastructure  Only green buffer zones between sidewalks and street.  Only green buffer zones between sidewalks and street. Only narrow (5’) green buffer zone between sidewalk and street. — — Street Furniture Street Lighting 4. MICHIGAN AVENUE Present Bicycle Lanes & Parking Safe Crossings 2. AUSTIN AVENUE —  Street lighting downtown; lighting faces road, not sidewalk. Interspersed lights facing road from utility poles.  Interspersed lights facing road from utility poles  Interspersed lights facing road from utility poles.  Pedestrian signals at Superior, Ingham, and Clark intersections; crosswalk at Clark is missing lines; school crossing signs near Lombard and Ingham; flashing school speed limit sign at Bidwell; pedestrian crossing sign at Fitch. Business district  Less as one progresses into the downtown. Green buffer zones between sidewalk and street. —  Interspersed lights facing road from utility poles. SOURCES 1 Michigan Open Data Portal, All Roads (v17a), https://gis-michigan.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/all-roads-v17a/ explore?location=44.564300%2C-86.307700%2C7.26 2 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts, 2019 General Facts, https://publications.michigantrafficcrashfacts.org/2019/Quick_Facts.pdf 3 Michigan Department of Transportation. “Guidance for Installation of Pedestrian Crosswalks on Michigan State Trunkline Highways,” March 2020. 40 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 7 Source: City of Albion Understanding broad economic trends in Albion, such as employment composition, educational attainment, and growing and shrinking sectors, will help the City determine short- and long-term economic development priorities to revitalize the local economy. The data presented in this section is sourced from either the U.S. Census or the American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (2010-2019). Economic Development | 41 �ECONOMIC PROFILE Figure 31: Employment Status: Albion & Surrounding Communities, 2019 Michigan Calhoun County 43.4% 3.2% 53.4% Marshall Township Marshall City 20% • Employed Civilians 43.9% 4.7% 51.3% 10% 49.0% 0.7% 48.6% 0% 35.2% 2.9% 61.9% City of Albion 34.8% 4.8% 60.4% Albion Township 39.5% 3.3% 57.3% Homer Township 36.7% 1.9% 61.4% Homer Village 40.1% 3.8% 56.1% Sheridan Township 38.5% 3.7% 57.8% 30% 40% 50% • Unemployed Civilians 60% • Armed Forces 70% 80% 90% 100% • Not in labor force Only a little over half of Albion’s population over 16 years of age are employed in the civilian labor force, which is lower than that of the surrounding municipalities except Albion Township; due to macroeconomic changes, automation, decentralization, and relocation of manufacturing operations and jobs, laborers and youth have been the hardest hit by the overarching economic restructuring. Students and retirees are typical populations who are considered “not in the labor force,” which may help explain this higher number in Albion. Figure 32: Unemployment Rate: Albion & Surrounding Communities, 2019 Michigan Calhoun County Sheridan Township Marshall Township Marshall City Homer Village Homer Township Albion Township City of Albion 5.9% 6.3% 5.6% 3.0% 5.4% 7.4% 4.5% 1.3% 8.4% 0.0% 1.0% 2.0% 3.0% 4.0% 5.0% 6.0% 7.0% 8.0% 9.0% In 2019, the unemployment rate in Albion was estimated at 8.4%, higher than the surrounding communities, the County, and the State. The unemployment rate in Albion (8.4%) is higher than the percentage of unemployed civilians (4.7%) because the Census unemployment rate calculation does not include people not in the labor force such as retirees and students. 30-34 35-44 45-54 50% 55% 55-59 41% 40% 60-64 75% 75% Some other race alone 83% 83% Asian alone II •• 65-74 • In Labor Force • Employed The moderate percentage of employed civilian population between 35-65 years indicates a lack of participation in the labor force. 42 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan 60% 62% Two or more races 20% 20% 53% 51% 67% 62% 76% 68% 91% 83% 78% 70% 25-29 53% 58% Not Hispanic or Latino IIII IIIIIIII 20-24 Figure 34: Employment Status by Race & Origin, 2019 Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race) 7% 7% II 16-19 70% 63% 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 48% 42% Figure 33: Employment Status by Age, 2019 75+ 100% 100% American Indian and Alaska Native alone 46% 51% Black or African American alone 53% 57% White alone 0% 20% 40% •Employed •In Labor Force 60% 80% 100% The employment status data only shows slight fluctuations among the different races, a positive sign that no race is disproportionately impacted by Albion’s job market. �Figure 35: Employment Status by Disability, Poverty Level, & Gender, 2019 80% 70% 67% 70% 62% Figure 36: Employment Status by Educational Attainment, 2019 100% 60% 80% 70% 51% 50% 60% 50% 29% 30% 40% 22% 20% 63% 68% 59% 65% 51% 11 11 11 II II 39% 40% 90% 88% 90% 64% 32% 30% 20% 10% 10% 0% 0% Male Female Below poverty level Less than high school High school graduate graduate (includes equivalency) With any disability • In Labor Force • Employed Some college or associate's degree Bachelor's degree or higher •In Labor Force •Employed There is a high unemployment rate for persons below the poverty level and persons with a disability. This exacerbates economic difficulties and indicates a lack of opportunity to improve economic standing for these groups. Higher educational levels directly correspond with lower unemployment rates in Albion. Figure 37: Employment by Industry, 2010-2019 3.8% 2.6% Public admin Other services, except public admin 2.4% 7.6% 11.5% 13.4% Arts, entmt., & recreation, accomm. & food services 24.8% Edu services, health care, social assistance Professional, scientific, mgmt., admin, waste mgmt. Finance & insurance, real estate, rental & leasing Information Transportation & warehousing, utilities Retail trade 6.3% 4.1% - 1.5% 2.0% 1.2% 3.3% 11.1% 9.0% 1.2% 0.6% Wholesale trade Manufacturing 19.2% 24.3% 1.5% 1.5% Construction Agri., forestry, fishing & hunting, mining 38.3% 5.4% 3.5% 0.0% 0.3% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% • 2010 • 2019 Albion is slowly transitioning away from a manufacturing economy—the industry shrunk by about 5% over the last decade; on the other hand, the “education services, health care, and social assistance” industry experienced the fastest growth, followed by the “transportation & warehousing, utilities” industry. Economic Development | 43 �Table 7: Employment by Industry – Albion & Surrounding Communities, 2019 Industry City of Albion Albion Homer Township Township Homer Village Marshall City Agri., forestry, fishing & hunting, mining 0.3% 11.7% Construction 1.5% Manufacturing Marshall Sheridan Township Township Calhoun County Michigan 7.5% 5.0% 0.0% 2.3% 0.8% 1.4% 1.2% 3.4% 4.0% 4.5% 2.4% 3.3% 3.5% 4.1% 5.4% 19.2% 17.2% 34.3% 32.1% 19.3% 12.6% 29.1% 22.5% 18.6% Wholesale trade 0.6% 0.0% 1.2% 1.6% 0.6% 0.6% 0.8% 1.1% 2.4% Retail trade 9.0% 5.2% 9.0% 5.8% 13.0% 10.6% 10.2% 11.9% 10.8% Transportation & warehousing, utilities 3.3% 4.5% 1.6% 1.9% 4.9% 6.2% 5.8% 4.3% 4.4% Information 2.0% 0.9% 0.7% 0.4% 0.9% 1.6% 2.3% 1.1% 1.4% Finance & insurance, real estate, rental & leasing 4.1% 6.5% 3.4% 2.6% 3.3% 6.9% 2.5% 4.3% 5.4% Professional, scientific, mgmt., admin, waste mgmt. 3.5% 9.9% 4.9% 8.5% 6.2% 10.2% 8.0% 7.2% 9.5% Edu services, health care, social assistance 38.3% 25.5% 19.1% 23.3% 29.0% 28.6% 19.3% 22.8% 23.4% Arts, entmt., & recreation, accomm. & food services 13.4% 7.4% 4.9% 6.6% 11.2% 3.9% 12.0% 10.3% 9.6% Other services, except public admin 2.4% 3.8% 5.8% 3.4% 3.7% 8.2% 3.1% 4.6% 4.6% Public admin 2.6% 3.8% 3.5% 4.3% 5.5% 5.1% 2.6% 4.4% 3.4% Source: 2019 ACS Estimates Regionally, Albion tops the “education services, health care, and social assistance” and the “Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation and food services” industries; Albion College’s strong presence in the community likely explains this trend. The City is also a strong competitor in the “retail trade” and “information” industries. The City falls behind in the agriculture, professional and management, and public administration sectors. 44 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �Table 8: Workforce Qualification, 2019 Industry Less than High School Diploma High School Diploma Some College Bachelor's Degree Advanced Degree (Master's / Doctoral / Professional) Total Management, business, science, and arts occupations Estimated Workers 21 133 161 134 150 598 Recommended Workers 8 46 116 194 231 595 +13 +87 +45 -60 -81 +3 Estimated Workers 67 222 142 33 8 472 Recommended Workers 61 182 242 111 28 623 Balance +6 +41 -99 -79 -20 -151 Balance Service occupations Sales and office occupations Estimated Workers 31 224 168 51 12 487 Recommended Workers 20 133 208 128 33 523 Balance +11 +91 -40 -77 -21 -36 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations Estimated Workers 68 157 56 6 1 289 Recommended Workers 11 22 17 4 1 54 Balance +57 +135 +40 +3 0 +235 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations Estimated Workers 78 233 87 14 3 414 Recommended Workers 71 192 150 47 11 470 Balance +7 +41 -62 -33 -8 -56 Estimated Workers 265 969 615 238 174 2260 Recommended Workers 171 575 732 484 304 2265 Balance +94 +394 -116 -246 -130 -4 Total Estimated workers: Number of current workers in each occupation based on 2019 ACS estimates. Recommended workers: Recommended number of workers in each occupation based on national averages from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (2019), scaled to the size of Albion. As the educational attainment level increases, the number of workers fall below the national averages (indicated in red), except in the “natural resources, construction, and maintenance” occupation. There is a shortage of jobs for workers who have a college degree or higher, especially in service occupations; supporting highly skilled employees is critical as they are essential to the current and future economy in Albion. Economic Development | 45 �Figure 38: Calhoun County Economic Trends by Industry, 2014-2019 2.5 Manufacturing 2 Health care & social assistance Retail trade 1.5 Location Quotient Public administration Arts, entertainment, & recreation 1 Agriculture, forestry, fishing & hunting Utilities Educational services Wholesale trade Information 0.5 Professional, scientific, & technical services Other services, except public administration 0 Real estate & rental & leasing Construction Mining, quarrying, & oil & gas extraction Finance & insurance Administrative & support & waste management services Transportation & warehousing Accommodation & food services -0.5 -60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Employment Change The chart organizes Calhoun County’s industries into four categories: emerging industries, declining industries, mature industries, and growth industries. While Albion has also witnessed tremendous growth and economic opportunity in the “education services, health care, and social assistance” and the “Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation and food services” sectors, the City has only captured a small portion of the emerging industries in the County. Retail trade is a mature industry in the County, but as shown in Table 7, there is opportunity for Albion to expand in this sector. REDEVELOPMENT PROPERTIES The Michigan Economic Development Corporation (MEDC) runs the Redevelopment Ready Communities (RRC) program, and the City of Albion is an RRC Certified® community. The certification acknowledges the City’s efforts to be transparent, predictable, and efficient in the economic development process. To achieve 46 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan certification, the City aligned with the program’s standards and best practices for planning, zoning, and economic development. One of the best practices is a routinely updated list of potential redevelopment sites that are underutilized and could better serve the community. The City of Albion has selected three priority redevelopment sites, summarized on the following pages. �Map 11: RRC Redevelopment Sites R R C R E D E VE L O P M E N T SI TE S 29 Mile 28 Mile S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P ½ I 94 ' % ( & 94 ' % ( & ã I Ellio tt Wa tson M apl e B C l a rk N orth Al b i on M i ch n E ri e Ash i si o n R i ver H av I rwi n Div 2 9 1 /2 M i l e E a ton F i n l ey 406 S An n ¹ I i gan C a ss 3 2 I on i a i si o C l i n ton Div 5 00 N B erri en D i vi si on Pi n e B u rr O a k 1 B erri en 6 00 Au sti n H an n ah te i n H u ron B u rs S u p eri or I n d u stri a l B roa d wel l en B Al b AL B I O N TO WN S H I P i on ¹ I R ed evel op m en t S i te D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S 0 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es I Economic Development | 47 �1 AUSTIN 600 BLOCK PROPERTY DESCRIPTION The 600 Austin Block site is well-suited for mixed-use and commercial development that could provide goods and services to residents of adjacent neighborhoods, Albion Industrial Park employees, travelers, and users of adjacent McAuliffe Park. 600 Austin Block was historically a commercial corridor populated with BIPOC owned businesses that made for an attractive gateway from the west into the City. As commercial development moved towards the I-94 interchange, many businesses along Austin Ave closed. Infill development would fulfill the desire of citizens to bring back a sense of vibrancy and community once associated with this historically important commercial corridor. BASIC SITE INFORMATION ZONE Mixed Use SIZE 19,253 sf UTILITIES Electric, gas, sewer, water FEATURES Build to suit OWNER Albion Brownfield Authority SALES PRICE Negotiate terms COMMUNITY VISION Residents have expressed the idea that 600 Austin Block could be developed as a flexible community space with infrastructure that would allow it to support Food Truck rallies or small, seasonal Pop-up Businesses, particularly BIPOC-owned businesses. 48 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �2 UNION STEEL BERRIEN PROPERTY DESCRIPTION Union Steel Berrien includes two sites along an existing rail spur, just north of Michigan Avenue (M-99), and walking distance from downtown and the Albion College campus. Residential properties and small businesses on currently surround the parcels. The Albion Economic Development Corporation is accepting proposals from firms with an interest in developing these parcels. The City Planning Commission and City Council hold the right to approve or deny specific building site developments based on codes and covenants. This location has ready information on the following: Target Market Analysis, some Environmental Reports, soil conditions, demographic data, natural features, and GIS information. BASIC SITE INFORMATION ZONE Residential; Mixed Use available SIZE 9.94 acres UTILITIES Electric, gas, sewer, water FEATURES Build to suit OWNER Calhoun County Land Bank (parcel 1); Albion Brownfield Authority (parcel 2) SALES PRICE Negotiate terms COMMUNITY VISION The City of Albion Economic Development Corporation is in the process of developing a Place Plan for the site. The property is well suited for residential development, and the Place Plan will outline types of residential development that would be appropriate for the site. Economic Development | 49 �3 DALRYMPLE SCHOOL PROPERTY DESCRIPTION The Dalrymple School site is a prime location connected to infrastructure that could be developed with a variety of housing types that the Albion community desires. The site is inside a well-established residential area within four blocks of downtown Albion, one-half mile away from highway M-99, and less than two miles from the Eaton Street commercial corridor and I-94 interchange, making it a desirable location for commuters. Holland Park, which includes a playground and picnic pavilion, is just three blocks north of the Dalrymple School site. Downtown Albion is vibrant and growing; the Albion River Trail runs alongside the Kalamazoo River; and Albion College northeast of downtown, offering educational, cultural, and recreational opportunities for residents. BASIC SITE INFORMATION ZONE Residential SIZE 10.93 acres UTILITIES Electric, gas, sewer, water FEATURES Build to suit OWNER City of Albion SALES PRICE Negotiate terms COMMUNITY VISION The community’s vision for this infill site is based on the desire to see new housing development in already-established residential areas. Desired housing centers around “missing middle” housing that is attractive to residents of all ages who seek smaller homes on smaller lots that are easier to maintain. The community has overwhelmingly expressed the desire to see a variety of new singleand multi-family housing located in or adjacent to already established neighborhoods, and nearby to commercial areas, and social, arts and cultural and recreational amenities. 50 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �LAND USE 8 Source: City of Albion Land Use | 51 �Map 12: Existing Land Use E XI STI N G L AN D U SE 29 Mile 28 Mile S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P ½ I 94 ' % ( & 94 ' % ( & ã I Ellio tt Wa tson M apl e B C l a rk N orth te i n B erri en ¹ I i gan n C a ss Div C l i n ton n 2 9 1 /2 M i l e F i n l ey E a ton E ri e Ash i si o H an n ah M i ch I on i a i si o H u ron Al b i on Div D i vi si on Pi n e B u rr O a k B u rs S u p eri or I n d u stri a l B roa d wel l R i ver H av I rwi n en B Al b i on ¹ I 0 R esi d en ti a l , I m p roved I n d u stri a l , I m p roved E xem p t, Loca l R esi d en ti a l , Va ca n t I n d u stri a l , Va ca n t E xem p t, E d u ca ti on C om m erci a l , I m p roved E xem p t, F ed era l E xem p t, R el i g i ou s C om m erci a l , Va ca n t E xem p t, S ta te E xem p t, O th er 0. 2 5 52 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n 0. 5 M i l es C ou n ty G I S �Table 9: Existing Land Use LAND USE ACRES PERCENT OF TOTAL 383.7 15.5% Improved 212.8 8.6% Vacant 170.9 6.9% 175.6 7.1% Improved 136.3 5.5% Vacant 39.3 1.6% 1127.1 45.6% Improved 722.2 29.2% Vacant 404.9 16.4% Commercial Industrial Residential Exempt 787.2 31.8% Federal 0.9 0.0% State 7.8 0.3% Local 534.8 21.6% Education 180.4 7.3% Religious 51.5 2.1% Other 11.9 0.5% 2473.7 100.0% Total Source: City of Albion Assessor EXISTING LAND USE The Existing Land Use map shows the relationships among the City’s fundamental land use categories. Because land is taxed based on how it is used, the map is based on information from Albion’s City Assessor. The “exempt” categories refer to land which is not taxed, usually due to ownership by local, state, or Federal government as well as religious exemptions. Any City-owned land is considered “local exempt,” which includes areas such as parks, City buildings, or City-owned redevelopment properties. The land use pattern in Albion in many ways epitomizes a mature small American city. The river and the railroad are the features that defined its establishment, and they figure prominently in the City’s core. Dense commercial uses dominate the center of the City, threaded through by parkland offering access to the Kalamazoo River. It also contains some of the City’s major redevelopment potential in the form of once-industrial sites that no longer rely on the river and rail as transportation assets. Residential development radiates outward from the core, beginning in a tight grid pattern, then a looser grid, and finally including suburban culde-sec development toward the edges. Industrial development has relocated from the center of town to the eastern and western outskirts. Albion College is a significant land use on the east side of the City that stretches northward from the river, straddles the southern rail branch, and crosses M-99. In this context, “vacant” properties are those which do not have a structure on them—sometimes also referred to as “unimproved.” These are development and redevelopment opportunities, and Albion contains both. Along the northern and southern edges of the City are large parcels suitable for unified development. Throughout the City are residential and commercial properties which are already situated within a neighborhood context that can host individualized redevelopment. Land Use | 53 �ZONING In 2018, the City of Albion adopted a fully revised Zoning Code that significantly decreased the number of zoning districts. This generally has the effect of increasing development flexibility, since the constraints must be loose enough to accommodate a wide variety of site conditions and existing uses. The new zoning map contains just eight districts (compared to the former 19 districts). The Residential categories demonstrate this flexibility clearly: the majority of the residential land in the City now accommodates multifamily development, even though most of it is already developed with single-family homes. Redevelopment of sites within this district can therefore proceed according to the specific context: where new multifamily is supported by the market, it may occur. Over time, this can lead to the creation of neighborhoods that have better income diversity than the standard practice of rigidly enforcing uniform lot and building sizes in a variety of highly specialized districts. Albion’s commercial zoning is similarly simplified. Where the commercial areas have a distinct and identifiable form, they are given their own districts: Albion City Hall. Source: City of Albion 54 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan the Central Business District of traditional “Main Street” development, and the suburban-style and auto-oriented commercial development that surrounds the I-94 interchange on the north side of the City. But where a traditional zoning district might try to establish several “business” categories to accommodate convenience shopping, office, and service uses that congregate around major arterials, Albion takes the approach of simply designating all arterial-fronting parcels as Mixed Use. This has a key advantage of reflecting how these arterials are actually used. For example, single-family homes are frequently converted to low-intensity businesses, which can now be done without a weighty rezoning process. Office uses, sometimes segregated into their own district, flourish in the presence of retail and restaurant amenities. Furthermore, because commercial and multifamily residential uses often share similar functional characteristics, they can now be sited at the place in the corridor where they make the most contextual sense. The remaining three districts are generally characterized by large-scale development. Industrial districts are separated into two classes based on intensity, while the Campus Development District accommodates Albion College. �Map 13: Zoning ZO N I N G 29 Mile 28 Mile S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P ½ I 94 ' % ( & 94 ' % ( & ã I Ellio tt Wa tson M apl e B C l a rk N orth te i n B erri en n i gan C a ss Div E ri e Ash i si o n 2 9 1 /2 M i l e E a ton F i n l ey C l i n ton ¹ I H an n ah M i ch I on i a i si o H u ron Al b i on Div D i vi si on Pi n e B u rr O a k B u rs S u p eri or I n d u stri a l B roa d wel l R i ver H av I rwi n en B Al b AL B I O N TO WN S H I P 0 i on ¹ I R -1 : S i n g l e F a m i l y R esi d en ti a l D i stri ct C B D : C en tra l B u si n ess D i stri ct R -2 : M u l ti p l e F a m i l y R esi d en ti a l D i stri ct C D D : C a m p u s D evel op m en t D i stri ct C : G en era l C om m erci a l D i stri ct M -1 : Li g h t I n d u stri a l D i stri ct M U : M i xed U se D i stri ct M -2 : H ea vy I n d u stri a l D i stri ct 0. 2 5 D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n 0. 5 M i l es C ou n ty G I S Land Use | 55 �FUTURE LAND USE A Future Land Use Map is a policy document that is used to inform zoning decisions. It is often more generalized than the zoning map. The Albion Future Land Use Map focuses on use types, leaving intensity distinctions to the Zoning Ordinance. As a decision-making tool, this is in keeping with the maximum-flexibility approach demonstrated in the Zoning Ordinance. The Future Land Use Map is generally consulted as a guide for rezoning requests, to determine whether the proposed new zone is in keeping with the same desired future and area characteristics. (A rezoning which is not aligned with the adopted future land use map should be accompanied by a well-justified amendment to the Future Land Use Map via the statutory process in the Michigan Planning Enabling Act.) The Future Land Use Map is also an important tool when the City considers amendments to the Zoning Ordinance as it helps ensure that any changes align with the City’s desired future. Albion River Trail. Source: City of Albion 56 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan An exception to this singular focus on use rather than form is the designation of the Downtown on the Future Land Use Map. The downtown is a unique area that relies heavily on its form to achieve aims that support the district’s uses: walkability, customer-sharing among businesses, and the creation of a cohesive sense of place that is the City’s distinct identity. Where investment has already been made in buildings, streets, sidewalks, storefronts, and public spaces to achieve these goals, such investments should be protected by a policy that recognizes them and provides a procedural opportunity for the City to reserve sites with these characteristics for appropriate uses. The Zoning Plan on the following page shows the relationship between the Future Land Use classifications and the districts in the Albion Zoning Ordinance. The Michigan Planning Enabling Act requires this section to note any changes that must be made to the Zoning Ordinance so that it is aligned with the Future Land Use Map; however, the Albion Zoning Ordinance was adopted so recently that it accurately reflects the policies in this document. �Map 14: Future Land Use F U TU R E L AN D U SE 29 Mile 28 Mile S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P ½ I 94 ' % ( & 94 ' % ( & ã I Ellio tt Wa tson M apl e B C l a rk N orth te i n B erri en n i gan C a ss i si o n 2 9 1 /2 M i l e E a ton F i n l ey C l i n ton Div E ri e Ash R i ver H av I rwi n ¹ I H an n ah M i ch I on i a i si o H u ron Al b i on Div D i vi si on Pi n e B u rr O a k B u rs S u p eri or I n d u stri a l B roa d wel l en B Al b i on R esi d en ti a l C om m erci a l AL B I O N TO WN S H I P M i xed U se ¹ I D own town C ol l eg e M a n u fa ctu ri n g D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S 0 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es Land Use | 57 �Table 10: Zoning Plan FLU CATEGORY Residential CORRESPONDING ZONING DISTRICT(S) R-1 Single Family Residential R-2 Multiple Family Residential INTENT This category is defined by the predominance of residential uses, and by the limitation of other uses to those which support, and do not compromise, the residential character of the area. These include community institutions (schools, churches), human care and social assistance services, professional offices, cultural uses, and wind energy systems. Low-to-medium density development in the R1 district is enforced by lot size, building coverage, dwelling size, and setback regulations. In the medium-to-high density R2 district, these regulations are scaled down to permit a compatible co-mingling of single-, two-family, and multiple-family dwelling units of similar residential characteristics. Commercial C General Commercial This category is limited to retail business and services, especially those which are auto oriented, in areas that abut major thoroughfares. There are no limits on lot size or coverage. Mixed Use MU Mixed Use This category accommodates the widest range of permitted uses: residential, office, retail and foodservice, entertainment, and service uses in addition to other compatible and supporting uses. Non-residential properties bear the responsibility of buffering and screening from residential uses; lot and structure specifications mirror those in the higher-density residential district. Downtown CBD Central Business Downtown offers retail and office services which serve the needs of a consumer trade area that extends beyond the corporate boundaries of the City. It is characterized by vigorous pedestrian activity and a unified architectural scale, and it is intended to be the most intensely developed area of the City. This is enforced by several regulations which apply only to this area, including a minimum building height, a build-to line in place of a front setback, and the ability to defer parking requirements to municipal lots. Specific design regulations are intended to prioritize pedestrian convenience and prohibit auto orientation, encourage a continuous retail frontage, provide employment opportunities, fully utilize downtown buildings including all stories, balance auto access with congestion and parking concerns, and preserve the existing historic character. Manufacturing M1 Light Industrial This category is composed of land with characteristics or context that make it suitable for industrial development. It is divided into two zoning districts which are defined by their impacts on neighboring districts: permitted uses in the M-1 Light Industrial district are expected to fully contain their impacts within the district, whereas the M-2 district is designed to permit the normal operations of almost all industries while acknowledging that nearby nonindustrial development may be directly affected. This distinction is accomplished through the siting of the districts as a whole, as their site-specific dimensional regulations are consistent. M2 Heavy Industrial College CDD Campus Development 58 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan The College category recognizes the unique aspects of campus development, including on-site residential and recreation opportunities, nearly exclusive nonmotorized transportation inside its boundaries, and unified development control. Regulation centers on ensuring that properties under the control of Albion College are well-integrated into the community fabric. �IMPLEMENTATION 9 Source: City of Albion Good planning uses data and preferences to shape a preferred course of action. In this section, findings from the previous sections and the community engagement series are used to build an Action Plan of strategies to advance Albion toward its goals over the planning horizon. The Albion 2017 Comprehensive Plan laid out a series of goals and objectives which were used as the starting point for this formulation. These were reviewed for continued relevancy by a team of City stakeholders, and this team elected to remove two of the goals and fine-tune the wording of two others. The updated goals are presented below, along with supporting data and public input. The action items derived from this information include assignment of a responsible party, partners, and timelines to help organize and facilitate implementation. Implementation | 59 �COMMUNITY PROFILE SUMMARY » Albion is experiencing population decline at a much higher rate than the surrounding communities and the county, signaling that people are migrating outwards. » Population has an impact on state revenue sharing: the City will receive reduced state funding as a result of the decline documented in the 2020 Census results. » The City is seeing a net growth of the student-age population (ages 15-34). Retaining the youth population while simultaneously addressing the needs of the aging baby boomer generation will be crucial to controlling population decline. » The growing household and family sizes in the City indicate that the City also needs to be viable for families, which may be achieved by providing suitable housing options, higher-level and higher-paying jobs, and improving other quality-of-life aspects in Albion. » Providing an array of housing formats at different levels of affordability will be imperative in equitably supporting the different demographics such as students, seniors, families, single-parent households, veterans, and persons with disabilities. » The net increase in employment since 2017, combined with reducing poverty rates, point towards a recovering economy and job market. However, the low median income remains concerning as a large percentage of the workforce is not engaged. » Nearly 45% of Albion’s population aged 16 years of age and over are not currently in the labor force; reengaging this population will be crucial in reducing the unemployment rate (currently at 8.5%), increasing the median income, and strengthening the overall economy of Albion. » Albion is transitioning from a manufacturing-based economy to a service- and consumer-based economy. With the City’s support, the growing “education services, health care, and social assistance” and “arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation & food services” industries can create new job opportunities. COMMUNITY INPUT » A majority of survey respondents valued the presence of a diverse community as one of Albion’s best characteristics. Source: City of Albion 60 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �COMMUNITY GOAL 1: Build a capacity and a network of organizations and services to promote growth and meet the needs of residents who cannot afford basic services. ACTION ITEM RESPONSIBLE PARTY PARTNERS TIMEFRAME (a) Update comprehensive community needs Planning & assessments and asset maps to prioritize assets Zoning and determine needs EDC, MDOT, Housing Commission, DHHS, CMH 1-2 years (b) Strengthen Albion's workforce development EDC, Planning network and connect Albion's talent base with & Zoning employment resources and opportunities EDC, Michigan Works, Albion College Career and Internship Center 1-3 years (c) Support healthcare access and wellness programming in Albion Recreation Healthcare providers, patient advocacy groups, transportation services, AmeriCorps VISTA, Oaklawn, Healthcare Alliance 1-3 years (d) Develop a comprehensive resource guide to facilitate and improve access to community services City Departments Albion Housing Commission, Code Enforcement, Public Safety, USDA Rural Development 1-2 years COMMUNITY GOAL 2: Forge local, regional, and global partnerships that support the City of Albion - its people, its needs, and its opportunities. ACTION ITEM RESPONSIBLE PARTY City Departments PARTNERS TIMEFRAME Local businesses, faith communities, and nonprofits; AmeriCorps; Albion Healthcare Alliance; Community Food Table; United Way; Albion College; Albion Community Foundation 1-3 years Local businesses, farms, and faith communities; Albion Community Gardens, farmers market; Sprout Urban Farms 1-5 years (a) Assess community needs, increase organizational capacity and expand access to education, health care, quality food, economic opportunity and the overall quality of life for all residents (b) Develop a local food culture through increased EDC access to healthy food and nutrition education that utilizes community resources (c) Strengthen and increase the number of strategic collaborations with global partners that bring international perspectives and attention to Albion Elected officials; Albion Sister City Committee, Administration Albion College, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-enYvelines, Gerstacker Institute, Sup de Vente 1- 5 years (d) Expand and implement a comprehensive marketing strategy, working in collaboration with partner entities, to promote Albion as a desirable place in which to live, play, study, and invest DDA 1-5 years EDC, Chamber of Commerce Implementation | 61 �HOUSING & NEIGHBORHOODS SUMMARY » Albion would benefit from housing diversity, especially “missing middle” housing. » The total number of housing units has decreased by 15% since 2010. » Approximately 56% of the housing stock was built before 1950. » Albion’s median housing value is affordable in comparison to surrounding communities. » A 2015 housing target market analysis highlighted demand for new housing units in and around downtown Albion. » Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs) may be particularly suitable for the students, young adults, and seniors who, together, constitute a large proportion of Albion’s population. Housing along the Kalamazoo River. Source: City of Albion 62 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan COMMUNITY INPUT » More survey respondents indicated that they would like to live in rowhouses/ townhouses, duplexes, or above a commercial use than currently live in those formats; some respondents indicated that lack of availability is a barrier. » Students selected “housing options” as one of the top characteristics of a community they would like to live in. » “Housing affordability” was cited by 30% of survey respondents as an asset to the community. » A majority of survey respondents (70%) agreed that the city would benefit from a rental housing ordinance �HOUSING GOAL 1: Strengthen and beautify Albion’s neighborhoods. ACTION ITEM RESPONSIBLE PARTY PARTNERS TIMEFRAME (a) Develop and implement neighborhood plans for each neighborhood in the City with substantial and equitable participation to eliminate blight, improve public safety and environmental health, ensure complete neighborhoods, and document local redevelopment preferences Planning and Zoning Neighborhood groups 1-10 years (b) Identify neighborhood groups who can serve as ambassadors and champions for their respective areas Planning and Zoning Neighborhood groups 1-3 years (c) Work with private and nonprofit housing developers and others to encourage infill forms of development and the redevelopment of vacant, underutilized, and brownfield sites Planning and Zoning Private and nonprofit housing developers; HUD; MSHDA; RRC 1-10 years (d) Develop and implement a certification/ registration program for rental and vacant properties Planning and Zoning Code Enforcement &. Building Safety, Land Bank, elected officials 1-2 years (e) Planning and Zoning Code Enforcement &. Building Safety, Land Bank, elected officials 1-2 years Develop a rental inspection ordinance to ensure that rental properties are regularly inspected for safety. HOUSING GOAL 2: Provide a diverse range of high-quality housing options for all income levels and life stages. ACTION ITEM RESPONSIBLE PARTY (a) Expand, diversify, and market housing options to meet the needs of residents of varying life stages, lifestyles and income levels (e.g. Senior/retirement living, College corridor neighborhood, downtown lofts, affordable and low income housing, etc.) Planning and Zoning; EDC (b) Encourage all new commercial development in and around the downtown to include a residential element Planning and Zoning; EDC PARTNERS TIMEFRAME Private and nonprofit housing developers; HUD; MSHDA; RRC 1-10 years Ongoing Implementation | 63 �PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS SUMMARY » The Kalamazoo River is Albion’s defining physical feature. The City was founded at the forks of the Kalamazoo River, which runs through the downtown and provides local and regional recreational opportunities. » A feasibility study to determine the viability of removing the five dams in the Kalamazoo River within City limits is scheduled to be completed in 2022. » The City must manage impacts which spill over from the river to the community at large. Development in any portion of a floodplain can exacerbate flooding events, as can the removal of wetlands. » Highly impervious areas increase stormwater runoff, putting pressure on stormwater and sewer system and potentially causing flooding and drinking water contamination. » The presence of trees or other green infrastructure methods near highly impervious areas can often mitigate many of their negative externalities by absorbing excessive runoff and filtering water. » Upgrading aging water and sewer infrastructure is a top priority for Albion, including installing a new water tower and replacing lead and copper lines. » Sustainable redevelopment, defined as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, is the desired approach in Albion. This includes reusing portions of existing structures, minimizing impervious surfaces, using low impact development techniques, and promoting green infrastructure. » Albion’s River Trail runs through Albion for three miles along the Kalamazoo River and serves as both a recreational and economic resource. » Albion is the central point of four regional and national trail systems, and has been designated as a “Trail Town,” meaning it has created a welcoming environment with amenities such as bicycle and kayak racks and picnic tables at access points, and wayfinding signage and kiosks to encourage trail users to visit downtown businesses. » Albion is also on the proposed Kalamazoo River water trail, a joint effort with the Southcentral Michigan Planning Council, the Potawatomi Resource Conservation and Development Council, and the Kalamazoo River Watershed Council. 64 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �COMMUNITY INPUT » Recreation options, including the parks and the riverfront, were identified as some of Albion’s best assets in the community survey. » Residents and students both identified recreational amenities as a community strength at their respective community meetings. » 85% of survey respondents felt that natural features are an asset to Albion. » Survey-takers expressed support for activities protecting and preserving water quality, open space, wetland, and tree canopy. PHYSICAL GOAL 1: Support networks and systems that promote healthy living. ACTION ITEM RESPONSIBLE PARTY PARTNERS TIMEFRAME (a) Provide preservation and recreational land uses along the Kalamazoo River and the Albion River Trail Recreation Advisory Commission Planning and Zoning, DDA, EDC Ongoing (b) Continue to provide wayfinding and amenities to serve and attract users of the four regional and national trail systems that converge in Albion Recreation Advisory Commission Planning and Zoning, DDA, EDC Ongoing (c) Continue to work with the Kalamazoo River Watershed Council, the Southcentral Michigan Planning Council, and the Potawatomi Resource Conservation and Development Council to develop Albion as Water Trail destination Recreation Advisory Commission, Planning and Zoning DDA, EDC, Kalamazoo River Watershed Council, the Southcentral Michigan Planning Council, and the Potawatomi Resource Conservation and Development Council 1-10 years (d) Enhance safe walking and cycling routes for citizens through transportation, land use, and design decisions Planning and Zoning Planning Commission, Administration, Public Safety, Recreation, Street Department 1-5 years Bridge across the Kalamazoo River. Source: City of Albion Implementation | 65 �PHYSICAL GOAL 2: Deliver high-quality municipal services that improve the quality of life in Albion. ACTION ITEM RESPONSIBLE PARTY PARTNERS TIMEFRAME (a) Upgrade aging water and sewer infrastructure, Public Services including installing a new water tower Administration, Street Department, 1-5 years (b) Replace all lead and copper water lines Public Services Administration, Water and Sewer 1-20 years (c) Maintain the Capital Improvements Plan to enhance and maintain quality technological and physical infrastructure, including roads and sidewalks; parking; water, sewer, and storm sewer utilities, dam and millrace removal Administration Planning Commission (d) Evaluate and implement appropriate fiber optic communications and other emerging technology infrastructure Public Services Elected officials; Administration (e) Complete the feasibility study addressing the possibility of removing the City’s dams Administration MDNR; EGLE; consultant; Albion College (f) Planning and Zoning Administration, EGLE, consultant 1-2 years (g) Consider developing site standards to limit impervious surface coverage in addition to building coverage Planning and Zoning Planning Commission 1-3 years (h) Require street trees as part of site design Planning and Zoning Planning Commission 1-3 years (i) Clearly permit the use of low-impact development techniques to meet landscaping requirements, especially in parking lots Planning and Zoning Planning Commission 1-3 years (j) Consider formal preservation or protection of local assets that provide ecosystem services, including water, trees, wetlands, and open spaces Planning and Zoning Planning Commission 1-3 years Launch a community engagement process to disseminate the results of the dam removal feasibility study and to understand level of public support for its recommendations 66 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan 1 year 1-5 years 1 year �TRANSPORTATION & CIRCULATION SUMMARY COMMUNITY INPUT » The direct connectivity of Albion’s downtown and commercial center with an interstate is highly beneficial for the economic health of the City. » Increased transportation options was the fourthhighest priority at the Albion visioning session. » However, the City has limited influence over the design of these arterials. » Survey respondents prioritized pedestrianand bicycle-friendly infrastructure » A little over 65% of all roads in Albion are in poor condition. » Maintaining public infrastructure was the second-highest challenge named by survey respondents. » Albion is developing a Transportation Asset Management Plan to provide guidance for the use of funds generated by a proposed road millage. » The four-way intersection between Austin Avenue and N. Eaton Street witnessed the highest number of vehicular crashes. Other troubled intersections included the junction where N. Eaton Street meets W. Broadwell Street and Bemer Street, and the railway crossing where N. Superior Street meets Michigan Avenue. » Community engagement findings during the rebuilding of Superior Street revealed a strong preference against bike lanes which are unprotected from motorized traffic. » There was a concentration of pedestrian and bicycle crashes at or near two major intersections: Austin Avenue and N. Eaton Street and N. Superior Street and Michigan Avenue. » Albion is located on Amtrak’s Detroitto-Chicago route, which is experiencing upgraded accelerated service. » Albion has a high percentage of commuters who walk to work—over five times higher than the state proportion. Albion Train Station. Source: City of Albion Implementation | 67 �TRANSPORTATION GOAL 1: Improve Albion’s transportation network to accommodate and promote various modes, including walking, biking, automobiles, passenger rail, and public transportation. ACTION ITEM RESPONSIBLE PARTY PARTNERS TIMEFRAME (a) Develop a motorized public transportation plan Street Department; Administration Administration, Planning and Zoning, Calhoun County, Albion­-Marshall Connector, MDOT, Street Department 1-5 years (b) Develop a nonmotorized transportation plan that identifies priority multimodal routes and the improvements needed to achieve comfort for various user types using MDOT’s Multi Modal Development and Delivery Guidebook Planning and Zoning Planning Commission, Administration, Public Safety, Street Department, Calhoun County Trailway Alliance, North Country Trail Association/Chief Noonday Chapter, and Friends of Albion Trails 1-10 years (c) Encourage walking, biking and other recreation by strengthening Albion's nonmotorized trail network within the city as well as its connections with the region's nonmotorized network Planning and Zoning, Administration, Street Department, Recreation Advisory Commission Iron-Belle Trail, North Country Trail, Kalamazoo River Water Trail, Michigan Trails and Greenways Alliance (Great Lake to Lake Trail), Michigan Department of Natural Resources (Iron Belle Trail), Calhoun County Trailway Alliance, Friends of Albion Trails, Kalamazoo River Watershed Council, Calhoun County Parks Department. 1-3 years (d) Continue to work cooperatively with MDOT, AMTRAK and other regional transportation partners and authorities to coordinate and improve major streets and other public transit systems Street Department, Administration MDOT, AMTRAK and other regional transportation partners 1-10 years (e) Engage with AMTRAK to learn about the expected impact of accelerated service; consider station improvements as needed Planning and Zoning; Administration AMTRAK (f) Use MDOT’s “Guide for Installation of Pedestrian Crosswalks on Michigan State Trunkline Highways” to review each of the City’s troubled intersections Planning and Zoning Street Department 68 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan 1-3 years �TRANSPORTATION GOAL 2: Focus planning and resources to enhance and transform the City’s major corridors (Superior Street, Austin Avenue, Eaton Street, Michigan Avenue). ACTION ITEM RESPONSIBLE PARTY PARTNERS TIMEFRAME (a) Develop a Corridor Improvement Plan that strengthens the visual and physical connections between the Downtown Commercial District, Albion College, the 1-94 Business Corridor, Austin Avenue, and the south entrance on M-99 Planning and Zoning EDC 1-5 years (b) Enhance the City's major gateways with appropriate landscaping, street-scaping, signage, and branding Planning and Zoning EDC 1-10 years (c) Fill in gaps in sidewalk coverage on Eaton Street and Michigan Avenue Planning and Zoning Street Department, MDOT 5 years (d) Use MDOT’s “Guide for Installation of Pedestrian Crosswalks on Michigan State Trunkline Highways” to improve each of the crossings in the corridors Planning and Zoning Street Department, MDOT 1-3 years (e) Require street trees as part of site development standards specifically in these corridors Planning and Zoning Planning Commission 1-3 years (f) Install lighting that is scaled and oriented toward the pedestrian Planning and Zoning EDC 1-10 years (g) Add street furniture such as benches and waste receptacles where appropriate Planning and Zoning EDC 1-10 years (h) Explore the possibility of establishing a Corridor Improvement Authority Administration Elected officials, Planning and Zoning 1-2 years (i) Work with surrounding municipalities to extend/connect Albion's major corridors to the region (e.g. establishing an MLK corridor between Albion and Marshall, and complementing corridors with non­motorized, regional trail systems) Recreation Advisory Commission Calhoun County Trailway Alliance, Calhoun County 1-5 years Implementation | 69 �ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SUMMARY » Albion has lower labor force participation than surrounding communities (51%). » There is a high unemployment rate for persons below the poverty level and persons with a disability. •0 » Higher educational levels directly correspond with lower unemployment rates in Albion. » The number of workers in the manufacturing economy shrank by about 5% over the last decade. » “Education services, health care, and social assistance” experienced the fastest growth, followed by the “transportation & warehousing, utilities” industry. » Regionally, Albion has the most residents employed in the “education services, health care, and social assistance” and the “Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation and food services” industries; it is also a strong performer in the “retail trade” and “information” industries. Cl( 3 f~llo IJU » The City falls behind the region in the agriculture, professional and management, and public administration sectors. » There is a shortage of jobs for workers who have a college degree or higher, especially in service occupations. The Bohm Theatre. Source: City of Albion 70 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan ...... ~- .' .. •• ...•• -~ •• I ~ ' �COMMUNITY INPUT » Downtown investment and recruiting new businesses were two items most frequently cited by Albion visioning session participants as something the community has done well. » A youth-oriented community with activities and spaces was the top priority at the Albion visioning session. » Abating and redeveloping contaminated sites was the third-highest collective priority at Albion’s visioning session. Several brownfield or contaminated sites were identified as both weaknesses and opportunities by Albion citizens. » Youth selected “high paying jobs” as one of the top characteristics of a community they would like to live in. » A majority of students (57%) felt their career goals could not be met in Albion. When asked type of career they were planning, the largest share of students selected professions: legal (29%) or management, business, and finance (24%). » The top three challenges named by survey respondents were all economic in nature (employment opportunities, a thriving downtown, and blighted structures). » Over three-fourths of survey respondents have noticed an improvement in the downtown over the last five years. » When asked to prioritize the top three elements of downtown for attention, survey respondents selected building facades, beautiful public spaces, and pedestrian- and bicycle-friendly infrastructure. » Survey respondents said that restaurants, events, and entertainment are the top features that draw them downtown currently. » Retail options were cited in the survey as the top opportunity to make the downtown more lively and vibrant. Downtown upper facades. Source: City of Albion Implementation | 71 �ECONOMIC GOAL 1: Retain and attract jobs to Albion by supporting business growth, development, and attraction. ACTION ITEM RESPONSIBLE PARTY PARTNERS TIMEFRAME (a) Encourage broader participation with local stakeholders (public, private, nonprofit, educational institutions, civic, and business) in the formulation of Albion's economic diversification strategy Administration EDC; public, private, nonprofit, educational institutions, civic, and business 1-3 years (b) Continue support for programs and initiatives that foster entrepreneurship (e.g. promote Albion business incubators and encourage entrepreneurship among all segments of the population, including minorities, women, youth) EDC DDA, Chamber of Commerce, local businesses 1-10 years (c) Support local businesses with a proactive business retention and development strategy EDC DDA, Chamber of Commerce 1-3 years (d) Encourage reuse and redevelopment of brownfield sites EDC DDA, Chamber of Commerce 1-10 years ECONOMIC GOAL 2: Stabilize the downtown, enhance its historic character, and support its economic growth. ACTION ITEM RESPONSIBLE PARTY PARTNERS TIMEFRAME (a) Find creative ways to increase the number of Downtown Development Authority (DDA) initiatives Administration DDA 1-3 years (b) Analyze and evaluate the City's parking situation and create a plan for improving parking management and balancing parking space supply with demand Planning and Zoning Consultant 1-3 years (c) Expand the downtown tax base and maintain a fiscally healthy balance between taxable and non-taxable properties DDA EDC 1-5 years (d) Attract commercial development to the downtown that will serve the needs of the community and complement the existing mix of businesses (e.g. restaurants, retail, entertainment, etc.) EDC Chamber of Commerce, DDA 3-5 years (e) Continue to create incentives and attractions for residents, college students and tourists to visit the downtown (e.g. Hotel, Bohm Theater, Kids ‘N’ Stuff, the Ludington Center) EDC Chamber of Commerce; Albion College; Planning and Zoning, DDA 1-5 years 72 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �APPENDIX The Appendices include all results from the community engagement efforts that were conducted as part of the Comprehensive Planning process. The results listed do not reflect the views of City Administration but is the raw data generated by participants. A. Community Survey Results B. Youth Survey Results C. Youth Engagement Scenario Activity Results D. Community Visioning Results: Collective Priorities E. Youth Engagement Asset Mapping Results F. Community Visioning Asset Mapping Results Appendix | 73 �Appendix A. Community Survey Results B R (J) Beckett&Raeder Albion Comprehensive Plan Survey Summary Respondents The Albion Comprehensive Plan Survey was distributed through a variety of methods, including social media, posting on the City’s website, announced at a Council meeting, included in an Albion College enewsletter, and promoted through word of mouth. Among all these methods, a total of 116 people were reached. How did you hear about the survey? Church Albion College enews Other (please specify) Word of mouth Social media City website Newspaper Survey respondents were asked what their connection was to the City of Albion and permitted to select all that apply (thus totals do not equal 100%). Most respondents indicated that they live within the City limits, and almost a quarter (25%) both live and work in the City. A smaller number work or do business in the City but live elsewhere (9% and 11% respectively), and 15% said they study in Albion. 1 74 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �B R CD Beckett&Raeder What is your connection to the City of Albion? (Check all that apply) 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% I was born in I moved to Albion, Albion, and raised, and currently live currently live within city within limits Albion city limits I study in Albion I work and I work within I do business I do business Other (please live within Albion city and live within specify) Albion city limits but live within Albion city limits elsewhere Albion city limits but live limits elsewhere Among those who live in the City, the largest portion of survey-takers have been here all their lives (21%), followed by those who have been residents for at least 20 years (18%). Comparable proportions were quite or relatively new to the city (15% arrived this year and 16% have been here 7 years or less), and a similar-sized group had returned to the City after a period away (15%). What year did you move to Albion? 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% I I This year (2020- Between 2015- Between 2010- Between 20002021) 2019 2014 2010 Before 2000 I was born here, I was born and left for raised here, and school/career, have never left. and moved back. 2 Appendix | 75 �B R CD Beckett&Raeder When sorted by precinct, the largest number of responses was from Precinct 4 (21%), followed by Precinct 3 (18%). The lowest response rate was from Precinct 1 (5%), followed by a tie between Precincts 5 and 6 (12%). 20% of respondents live outside the City limits. VOTING PRECINCTS A few demographic questions were asked in order to gauge the representativeness of the survey; that is, how closely the characteristics of survey-takers match the characteristics of the City as a whole. Respondents’ answers are compared to American Community Survey (2019) data below. Overall, the survey was wellrepresented in terms of age and households with children. It was less racially representative, though a significant number of respondents declined to indicate their race. With regard to housing tenure status, renters were clearly underrepresented. There was an underrepresentation of Black/African American respondents and Hispanic/Latino respondents by 17 and six *Precinct boundaries have changed since the community survey. percentage points respectively. White This map shows the precinct boundaries when participants respondents were overrepresented compared to completed the survey. American Community Survey (ACS) data by five percentage points. However, more than one in five respondents declined to identify their race—a margin that could significantly affect the skew of the results. These tallies do not add up to 100% because respondents were permitted to select more than one response. How would you identify yourself? Answer Choices American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Black or African American Hispanic / Latino Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander White Prefer not to say or skipped question Other (please specify) Responses 1% 1% 12% 3% 0% 64% 22% 2% ACS 0% 1% 29% 9% 0% 59% The highest proportion of survey respondents reported their age at 45-55 years old (26%), and the age ranges bracketing that segment had the next-highest response (17% and 14%). There was significant representation from ages 18-24, which is somewhat of an anomaly in comparable surveys. One obvious 3 76 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �B R CD Beckett&Raeder difference from the ACS data is that 28% of Albion residents are children, none of whom took the survey. However, the data from the next chart shows that 30% of the people who did respond have children in their households, and their responses are presumed to have those children’s interest in mind. More than one in ten survey-takers declined to give their age. What age group do you fall into? Answer Choices Under 18 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Unknown Responses 0% 14% 8% 17% 26% 14% 9% 12% ACS 28% 17% 11% 8% 12% 11% 9% 65% of respondents had no children in the home, which is a lower proportion than the ACS records for Albion households overall. The ACS does not track number of children per household. How many members of your household are under the age of 18? Answer Choices Responses 0 65% 1 8% 2 18% 3 6% More than 3 2% ACS 70% There was a significant difference between the tenure status of survey respondents and the overall population in Albion, particularly where renters are concerned. 12% of respondents are “not responsible for their own housing costs,” perhaps because they are students, which the ACS data does not capture. What is your housing tenure status? Answer Choices I am a renter I am a homeowner Not responsible for own housing costs Skipped question Responses 18% 66% 12% 3% ACS 42% 58% Quality of Life The highest proportion of respondents (47%) reported that the quality of life in Albion was “average,” while 28% reported that it was “good,” and 3% selected “excellent.” Of those dissatisfied, 19% described quality of life as “poor” and 4% said it was “very poor.” 4 Appendix | 77 �B CD R Beckett&Raeder In general, how would you rate the quality of life in Albion? 60% 40% 20% 0% Excellent Good Average Poor Very Poor When asked what factors influenced that rating for each respondent individually, participants gave the most favorable assessments to family life, followed by work-life balance and health and safety. The poorest assessments were of education, financial security, and job satisfaction. Taken together, these results suggest that the social aspects of the City are outperforming its economic aspects. Environmental quality ranked squarely in the middle. For you individually, how would you rate the following quality-of-life characteristics in Albion? 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% .IL L l . LI I I • Education Financial security I Job Environmental Civic satisfaction quality engagement • Excellent • Good • Average • Poor Health and safety Work-life balance Family life Very Poor When asked to select the three best characteristics of Albion overall, well over half of participants (58%) selected “presence of a diverse community”—the only option to receive a majority of votes, and more than 14 percentage points above the next response. This is a strong finding that the Albion community experiences diversity as a strength, and the third-most common response of “sense of community/community spirit” (37%) suggests that Albion residents are able to knit their diverse population into a cohesive, enjoyable whole. The second most-selected response was “cost of living” (43%), which is the positive presentation of the low marks received for “employment opportunities” (2%); relatedly, “housing affordability” was also cited by a significant number of respondents (30%) as an asset. “Recreation options” also made it into the top third of responses (36%). 5 78 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �B R CD Beckett&Raeder In your opinion, what are the three best characteristics of Albion? (Check only three options) 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% The survey inquired about the importance of various institutions to the daily life of respondents, and also their assessment of those institutions’ importance to the overall health and well-being of the City. In both cases, the community’s business and nonprofit sector was identified as the most important, followed by Albion City Government. The operations of Calhoun County government were ranked least important among the options given, though not by a significant margin; this finding may also reflect the fact that County government operations are generally less visible to the average citizen. Interestingly, when asked about personal importance, respondents rated Albion College more highly than the Albion/Marshall School district, but those rankings were reversed when considering the City overall. One of the outreach methods was the Albion College e-newsletter, which could account for these results. Across the board, respondents said that these institutions were more important to the City’s health and well-being than to their personal daily lives. 6 Appendix | 79 �B R CD Beckett&Raeder In your opinion, how important is each of the institutions listed below? 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Businesses / nonprofit organizations in Albion • • • • Albion City Government Albion / Marshall School District Personally very important • • • • Personally somewhat important Personally neither important nor unimportant Personally unimportant Personally very unimportant Albion College Calhoun County Government Very important to the City Somewhat important to the City Neither important nor unimportant to the City Unimportant to the City Very unimportant to the City Major Issues and Challenges Albion respondents identified a clear trio of top current pressing issues, all economic in nature: lack of employment opportunities, lack of a thriving downtown, and blighted structures. In your opinion, what are the three most pressing issues in the City of Albion? (Check only three options) 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 7 80 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �B R CD Beckett&Raeder The survey also asked about challenges of the future, within a ten-year horizon. The top responses can be neatly paired: “retaining young families” (15%) will likely be influenced by “lack of employment opportunities” (14%), and “maintaining public infrastructure” (15%) is affected by a “declining tax base” (14%). All these issues are related to the last item in the top tier of responses: “declining population” (11%). Hearteningly, less than 1% of respondents is concerned about crime. What do you think is the biggest challenge Albion will face over the next 10 years? 20% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Housing Currently, most respondents (82%) live in a detached, single-household home. Those who do not likely live in a multi-unit apartment building (6%), or less frequently, a condominium, manufactured/mobile home (both 3%), duplex (2%) or triplex, quadplex, or above a commercial use (1%). About one-third of respondents went on to indicate a different type of housing that would better meet their current needs; here too, a detached, single-unit home was the most frequently selected response (23% of all respondents), followed by a condominium (4% of all respondents). 8 Appendix | 81 �B R CD Beckett&Raeder Housing preferences 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Live in currently • • Would prefer to live in now if the option were available (to better address my housing needs) Would like to live in 10+ years from now Almost three quarters of respondents indicated a housing format that they would like to live in sometime at least ten years in the future, and there was considerably more variety among those choices. Here, only half of those who gave an answer chose the detached format. Condominiums and rowhouses/townhouses were both selected by a significant number of responses, and more people said they would like to live in a duplex or above a commercial use than currently live in either of those formats. Of the 35% of respondents who indicated some kind of barrier to living in their preferred housing type, the most frequently cited was that the housing type they preferred was either not available (18%) or not affordable (13%). Respondents were also asked about the size of their current home, and the size of a home that would meet their housing needs. For those in homes under 500 square feet or above 3000 square feet, the proportions of those respondents was well-matched. However, a much smaller proportion of respondents said that 1,500-3000 square foot house would meet their needs than actually lived in that size house; conversely, there was a larger proportion of those for whom a 500-1,500 square foot home would meet their needs than actually lived in that home. This finding offers support for smaller-sized units across the board, which could include “missing middle” housing formats. 9 82 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �B R CD Beckett&Raeder What is the size of your current housing unit, and what size of housing unit do you require to fulfill your housing needs? (Select one for each column) 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Under 500 sq. ft. • 500 - 1,500 sq. ft. 1,500 - 3,000 sq. ft. 3,000 - 5,000 sq. ft. Live in currently • Required to fulfill my housing needs 5,000 sq. ft. or more Reinforcing earlier statements about favorable housing affordability in Albion, 54% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed with the statement, “With my household’s current budget, I feel the acceptable housing options in Albion are financially attainable,” whereas 23% disagreed or strongly disagreed. A very limited number of respondents (about 15%) answered questions about the specific price ranges in which they would be comfortable renting or buying a home. Of those who did, three-quarters cited rent below $900. When it came to home purchase, about 20% of the limited responses were in the range between $100,000 and $200,000, but the most common responses were “I don’t feel financial comfortably buying a home” (26%) and “I am not interested in buying a home in Albion” (32%). Those who already own a home were a bit more forthcoming (59% of total survey-takers answered the question), and almost half (49%) of those who answered the question said $100,000-$200,000 while another 19% said $80,000$100,000. The fact that the real estate market experiences highs and lows independently of the overall economy makes it difficult to draw direct comparisons between current and past conditions. A strong majority of the respondents were homeowners (69%) and there was a significant showing of renters (19%), while 13% indicated that they were neither (not personally responsible for their housing costs). It was somewhat surprising, then, to find that almost half of respondents (47%) “strongly agreed” that the City would benefit from an ordinance insuring that rental properties are regularly inspected for safety, while another 23% also “agreed.” Just 12% were neutral and 15% expressed any disagreement. Commercial Development Overall The survey asked how often respondents would frequent a variety of types of non-retail commercial development, if they were available. The strongest response was for restaurants and cafes, followed by recreation or public spaces and then bars or entertainment venues. All of these types could expect daily or weekly attendance from respondence. Professional and personal services, along with banquet and event spaces, could expect much more occasional use. Office and co-working space, along with pet boarding 10 Appendix | 83 �B R CD Beckett&Raeder which could support those activities, were the least desired, with many respondents saying they would “never” use such facilities. What types of services / spaces would you like to see more of in Albion, and how often would you frequent them on average? 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% • • • • 20% 10% 0% Daily Weekly Monthly A few times a year Never A similar question was asked regarding retail establishments. Here too, food services rose to the top in terms of frequency, alongside staples as general merchandise stores and gas stations. Interest-related establishments (hobbies, sports, books, music, health, personal care, apparel, and building/garden supply) could expect monthly patronage on average, and respondents said they would visit places specializing in electronics, appliances, auto service and parts, and floral arrangements least of all. 11 84 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �B R CD Beckett&Raeder What types of services / spaces would you like to see more of in Albion, and how often would you frequent them on average? 80.00% 70.00% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% • • • Daily Weekly Monthly A few times a year Never Downtown When respondents were asked how often they go downtown, half (50%) said they visit “weekly” and another 23% said they visit “daily.” No respondents said “never.” Asked to select the top two things that draw them downtown, three responses were the clear winners: dining (66%), events such as fairs, festivals, and community meetings (42%), and entertainment (36%). No other option was selected by more than 10% of respondents except “other,” where the chief responses were work and banking. 12 Appendix | 85 �B (J) R Beckett&Raeder What are the top two things that draw you to the downtown? (Select only two options) 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% - - - - - ~- 1--'i'- ~':,• Is._'&~ 'o~ '!--.~ r:,-1> -~°> ~~ Qo «.,~ 0~ oq,~ h~ "'~(l, ,o ,, • r_,'& ~t (l,Gj 00 H ~q,1> /,.,\Q ~(l, e; r_,O c..f<:!>-.;: • ~o ~~ ~C,-' ~ -~ ~~ e}' i I r------, ,/' Q" ~ ~ ~ 0~ (l,~ 0e; ,o t--v~ -~ ~~ ':,~ ~ ~(l, -~ ~~ (l,~ r7 -~ci; ',e; ~o ·1--"' r7 q,· . q,':>' ~'<: .N7> 'Q7> ,$- I I 0~ 00~ ' What could make the downtown more lively and vibrant? More of what respondents indicated they already visit frequently and would visit more if available: retail and dining. Entertainment would also be a draw, especially if it included opportunities for all ages and evening hours. In your opinion, what is missing from Albion's downtown to make it lively and vibrant? (Check only three options) 80% 70% 60% ----l 50% ----l 40% ----l 30% ----l 20% 10% 0% ~ I h h -o~ Qx::s -~o ~ ~ ~ 0~ 7> ~ 1s..o' ~e; ~~ • q,':> ·t<S ~ t_$> 0 o~~ (l,~ «.,~ . q,':> -o~ ~ ~15- 0~ -~°> ~~ h q,':> ~ -o~ t<$ ~ 0e; r7 ~ ~o '?' I 6(l,15- t~ . ~<:f ~" <x..e; fl,Gj ~o 7> 'tfc.; I &-~ ~f -~ 'Q'<: "N' <:)7> I •~ - . q,':> ·t<S ,$-7> ~ ~'?- I I ~':,• ·t<S "N' 615-~°> I I H ~q,1> /,.,\Q e; 0~ Overall, respondents have noticed a change for the better in the downtown: 77% say it has improved either greatly (33%) or slightly (44%), while only 10% think it has declined and 13% either don’t know or 13 86 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �B R CD Beckett&Raeder think it’s about the same. To continue to improve, survey-takers think the City’s top priorities should be improving the facades of existing buildings (72%) and investing in beautiful public spaces (50%). What are the top three elements of downtown that you would like the City to prioritize? (Check only three options) 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Corridors The survey inquired about types of commercial development that respondents would like to see on each of the City’s main corridors. Overall, grocery stores was the most desired, followed by drive-in/drive-through food, residential/commercial mixed use, and health care facilities. Pharmacies, strip malls, and auto services were the least desirable when all responses were combined. Which of the following uses would you like to see along the city’s main corridors? (Select three for each corridor) 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% • • • • Superior Street Austin Avenue Michigan Avenue Eaton Street 14 Appendix | 87 �B R CD Beckett&Raeder Difference emerge when viewing the results by corridor. Superior Street was seen as a good site for mixed use development, grocery stores, and office buildings, while Michigan Avenue was recommended to host healthcare facilities and pharmacies in addition to mixed use buildings. Strip malls, drive-in/drive-through food establishments and gas stations were suggested for Eaton Avenue. Austin Avenue was represented as almost equally hospitable to all of the suggested uses, with the exception of hotels or lodging. 80% Which of the following uses would you like to see along the city’s main corridors? (Select three for each corridor) 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Superior Street Austin Avenue Michigan Avenue • Grocery stores • Mixed use (residential use above commercial) • Office buildings Eaton Street • Drive through / drive-in food establishments • Healthcare/urgent care facilities • Hotel / lodging Respondents had definite preferences related to the style of commercial development along the corridors. They strongly preferred neighborhood stores over mini-malls (84% to 16%), and mixed-use buildings that are two to three stories high rather than four to five stories (80% o 20%). They were less definite about a color palette, but still expressed a preference for colorful tones (62%) over earth tones (38%). Employment Survey-takers were fairly evenly split on the subject of how strongly they agreed with the statement, “There are sufficient employment options that I am qualified for within a reasonable commute from my home.” About a third strongly agreed (7%) or agreed (24%), while another third disagreed (18%) or strongly disagreed (16%), and the remaining third neither agreed nor disagreed (25%) or said the question was not applicable to them (10%). 15 88 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �B R CD Beckett&Raeder To what degree do you agree with the following statement: "There are sufficient employment options that I am qualified for within a reasonable commute from my home."? Not Applicable Strongly agree Neither agree nor disagree Strongly disagree Agree Disagree When asked how employment opportunities have changed in Albion over the last five years, an equal proportion found that it had “improved slightly” or “declined slightly” (18% each). However, a smaller percentage found that it had improved greatly (5%) than declined greatly (11%). The greatest proportion said it “stayed largely the same” (30%), and 17% did not know. Parks and Natural Features Overall, survey respondents reported that they are satisfied with most aspects of parks and recreation in Albion. The number and size of parks received the most favorable ratings, with access to the Kalamazoo River and associated nonmotorized trails close behind. Accessibility for physically impaired users showed the most room for improvement. 16 Appendix | 89 �B R CD Beckett&Raeder How satisfied are you with the overall parks and recreation offerings Albion? 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Number of parks Size of parks Access to the Non-motorized Playground Kalamazoo trails to and equipment River along the river • Very Satisfied • Satisfied • Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied • Dissatisfied Parking Accessibility for physically impaired users Very dissatisfied Most respondents felt that natural features are an asset to Albion: 49% strongly agreed, and another 36% agreed. Less than 3% expressed any disagreement at all. Consistent with this, they also felt that specific natural features could be better protected and preserved. Leading this list was the quality of water in the Kalamazoo River, which 4 in 5 respondents agreed could be better protected. A slightly smaller proportion agreed with open space preservation (74%), followed by wetlands (70%) and then tree canopy (68%). Overall, this is a strong showing of support for the City’s natural features. 17 90 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �B R CD Beckett&Raeder To what degree do you agree with the following statement: "Albion's natural features (listed below) could be better protected/preserved."? 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% River -water quality • Strongly agree Open space (open areas of Wetlands (areas that are undeveloped land) either permanently or seasonally under water and provide rich habitats for plants and animals) • Agree • Neither agree or disagree • Disagree • Strongly disagree Tree canopy • Don't know 18 Appendix | 91 �Appendix B. Youth Survey Results B (D R Beckett&Raeder Albion Comprehensive Plan Youth Survey Summary On Tuesday, November 30, 2021, Albion College students were invited to participate in Comprehensive Plan engagement exercises. One of the exercises was a youth survey regarding each students’ plans after graduation. A total of 19 people completed the survey after the engagement exercises. Most striking is that roughly 88% of students are planning on leaving the community after graduation. The two biggest reasons students are leaving is to pursue higher education and live in a different/bigger city. When asked what are the top characteristics of a community in which the students want to live housing options, higher paying jobs, and retail and entertainment variety were the top three results. Students were also asked if they would ever consider returning to the community, roughly 13% responded in the affirmative and 40% were unsure. The results from the survey are summarized in more detail below. Question 1: Do you like living in your community? 50% 42.1% 36.8% 40% 30% 21.1% 20% 10% 0% Yes No No strong opinion Question 2: What are the three characteristics of a community you want to live in? Housing options 52.9% Higher paying jobs 52.9% I Retail and entertainment variety 47.1% I Walkability 41.2% Fast reliable internet and cell phone coverage 23.5% Younger like-minded people 11.8% Good public transit; no need for a car 11.8% I Other (please specify) I 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% One open response answer indicated a student wanted to live in a community with “diverse school options.” 1 92 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �B R (J) Beckett&Raeder Question 3: What type of career are you considering after college? Legal Management, Business, and Finance Other (please specify) Public Administration Medical and Health Care Automotive Skilled Trades (Electrical, HVAC, Plumbing, Welding) Arts and Communications Education and Social Services I I I 29.4% 23.5% I 11.8% 11.8% 11.8% 5.9% 5.9% 5.9% 5.9% I 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Other responses recorded through open response include “occupational therapy” (1 student) and “urban planning” (1). Question 4: What are your plans after you graduate from college? 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 88.2% 11.8% I plan to stay in the community or close by I plan to move out Question 4a (answered stay in Q4): I plan to stay in the community or close by and… Of those who plan to stay in the community after graduation, all responded that they are going to “take some time to evaluate [their] options and next steps.” Question 4b (answered move in Q4): I plan to move out of Albion to… Pursue higher education 46.7% Live in a bigger/different city 33.3% Find employment opportunities 13.3% Experience a better quality of life 6.7% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 2 Appendix | 93 �B (D R Beckett&Raeder Question 5a (answered “pursue higher education” in Q4b): Which city/state do you plan to relocate to pursue higher education? Of the seven students who plan to leave Albion to pursue a higher education, two are planning on relocating to Ann Arbor, one to East Lansing, one to Chicago, one to St. Augustine, FL, and two are unsure/unknown. Question 5b (answered “pursue higher education” in Q4b): Which college/university do you plan on attending? The schools listed include University of Michigan (2 students), Michigan State University (1), University of Chicago (1). University of St. Augustine (1), unknown (2). Question 6: (answered “live in a bigger/different city," “find employment opportunities,” “experience a better quality of life” in Q4b): Which city/state do you plan to relocate? The most common city/state in which students plan to relocate was Detroit (3 students), followed by California (2). Grand Rapids (1), Auburn Hills (1), and “out east or west” (1). Question 7 (answered move in Q4): Do you ever plan on returning to the area? 46.7% 50% 40.0% 40% 30% 20% 13.3% 10% 0% Yes No I don’t know Question 8 (answered yes in Q7): What is the primary reason you would return to Albion? Family / Friends Look for a job in the region (within a 2-hour drive) Housing options Quality of the school system Quality of life Look for a job in Albion 0% 3 94 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% �B (D R Beckett&Raeder Question 9 (answered no in Q7): What is your primary reason for not returning to Albion? My career goals cannot be realized by coming back 57.1% Better quality of life elsewhere 28.6% No job opportunities within my area of expertise 14.3% Better opportunities to raise family elsewhere 0.0% Family / friends don’t not live in Albion anymore 0.0% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Question 9a (answered “my career goals cannot be realized by coming back” or “no job opportunities within my area of expertise” in Q9): Understanding your career path cannot be realized in Albion, would you consider coming back later in life? 100% 80.0% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 20.0% 0.0% Yes No Maybe Question 10: What age group do you fall into? All respondents were aged 18 to 24. Question 11: What is your gender? 100% 79.0% 80% 60% 40% 20% 15.8% 5.3% 0% Male Female Other 4 Appendix | 95 �B R (D Beckett&Raeder Question 12: How often you use the following social media platforms? Facebook LinkedIn Twitter Tumblr Instagram Snapchat YouTube TikTok Vimeo Always 10.5% 5.3% 5.3% 0.0% 36.8% 47.4% 15.8% 31.6% 0.0% Very Often 31.6% 15.8% 0.0% 0.0% 47.4% 31.6% 10.5% 15.8% 0.0% Sometimes 21.1% 31.6% 15.8% 5.3% 0.0% 15.8% 52.6% 10.5% 0.0% 5 96 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan Rarely 10.5% 10.5% 31.6% 5.3% 5.3% 5.3% 15.8% 10.5% 5.3% Never 26.3% 36.8% 47.4% 89.5% 10.5% 0.0% 5.3% 31.6% 94.7% �Appendix C. Youth Engagement Scenario Activity Results GROUP A Exercise 1 (Dream City) Exercise 2 (Constraints Added) » Density on the periphery » Infill with single family residential » Large central public/park space » Large urban parks » Contiguous open space » No mixing of land uses » Large industrial presence Appendix | 97 �GROUP B \ l Exercise 1 (Dream City) » High-density corridors (Commercial, Mixed-use, Residential) » Dense single family residential neighborhoods on the edges of density » Dense suburban development » Isolated industrial » Contiguous open space 98 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan Exercise 2 (Constraints Added) » More mixing of land uses » Corridor structure preserved �GROUP C Exercise 1 (Dream City) Exercise 2 (Constraints Added) » Extremely low density (sprawl) » Maintain the sprawl structure » Central commercial mixed-use areas » Extremely dense subdivisions » Some subdivision structures » Mixing of land uses » “Towers in the Park” » Lack of contiguous open space » Lots of open space Appendix | 99 �GROUP D Exercises 1 & 2 (Dream City + Constraints Added) » Central city a mix of commercial, civic, public, space, mixed-use » High-density residential on the edges of the center » Dense subdivisions with dedicated public space » Contiguous open space » Isolated industry » Residential corridors 100 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan �Appendix D. Community Visioning Results: Collective Priorities COLLECTIVE PRIORITIES VOTES Invest in and advocate for the school system 8 Youth oriented community with activities and spaces 7 Abating and redeveloping contaminated sites 5 Increased public transportation options 4 Development extending beyond downtown district 4 More cooperation and unity in the community 3 Thriving, lively, and vibrant downtown 2 Downtown commercial/residential vacancy rates below 10% 2 Empowered and active community with agency 2 Increased minority and women owned businesses 2 Maintain existing positive community assets 1 Lower poverty and ALICE rates 1 More housing-dense neighborhoods 1 Improved ratio on the number of residents that live and work in Albion 1 Sustainable businesses 0 Healthier housing stock 0 Increased population 0 Appendix | 101 �Appendix E. Youth Engagement Asset Mapping Results STU D E N T E N G AG E M E N T S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P 94 ' % ( & 94 ' % ( & ã I Ellio tt M apl e Wa tson N orth te i n B erri en C l i n ton H an n ah I on i a E a ton F i n l ey AL B I O N TO WN S H I P E ri e Ash R i ver H av I rwi n C l a rk C a ss ¹ I C l a rk i gan H u ron Al b i on M i ch D i vi si on Pi n e B u rr O a k B u rs S u p eri or I n d u stri a l B roa d wel l en ¹ I S tren g th Wea kn ess O p p ortu n i ty Votes 1 4 D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S 0 102 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es �*The results listed do not reflect the views of City Administration but is the raw data generated by participants. CATEGORY DESCRIPTION VOTES Weakness College President’s House 4 Strength Whitehouse Nature Center 3 Weakness Snack Shop 2 Strength Albion College 2 Strength Victory Park 2 Strength The Foundry 2 Strength Bohm Theatre 2 Weakness Oaklawn 1 Weakness Greenspace 1 Weakness Family Fare 1 Strength Stirling Books + Brew 1 Strength Opportunity School 1 Strength Innovate Albion 1 Strength Night and Bay 1 Strength Zick's 1 Strength New Hope Church 1 Strength Vet (Irwin Ave) 1 Strength Vet (5 Points) 1 Strength Bowling Alley 1 Strength Grace Temple 1 Strength Trail head 1 Strength First Baptist arwan 1 Opportunity Double vision center, skating rink trying to rebuild 0 Weakness ATO 0 Weakness Hazardous green space 0 Opportunity Abandoned spaces, could be used as storefronts 0 Opportunity Open green space, graffiti billboards 0 Opportunity Big open space 0 Opportunity Tons of potential, Austin Ave next to industrial/shops eateries 0 Strength Malleable 0 Strength Biggby 0 Strength McDonald’s 0 Strength St. Johns Church 0 Strength Guardian Factory (Kmart?) 0 Strength MacIntosh Park 0 Strength Dog Park 0 Appendix | 103 �Appendix F. Community Visioning Asset Mapping Results CO M M U N I TY E N G AG E M E N T S H E R I D AN TO WN S H I P 94 ' % ( & 94 ' % ( & ã I Ellio tt M apl e Wa tson N orth te i n B erri en C l i n ton H an n ah I on i a E a ton F i n l ey AL B I O N TO WN S H I P E ri e Ash R i ver H av I rwi n C l a rk C a ss ¹ I C l a rk i gan H u ron Al b i on M i ch D i vi si on Pi n e B u rr O a k B u rs S u p eri or I n d u stri a l B roa d wel l en ¹ I S tren g th Wea kn ess O p p ortu n i ty Votes 1 5 D a ta S ou rces: M i ch i g a n O p en D a ta P orta l , C a l h ou n C ou n ty G I S 0 104 | City of Albion Comprehensive Plan 0. 2 5 0. 5 M i l es �*The results listed do not reflect the views of City Administration but is the raw data generated by participants. CATEGORY DESCRIPTION VOTES Strength Victory Park 5 Strength River trail expansion 5 Strength McIntosh Park 4 Weakness Albion street bridge 4 Opportunity Empty storefronts - beautify! Popups 4 Strength Albion College 3 Strength Business District 3 Strength Bohm Theatre 3 Opportunity New businesses 3 Strength Library 2 Strength River trail 2 Strength Coca Cola mural 2 Weakness Business district needs updating and more 2 Weakness Road condition 2 Weakness Malleable area - needs to be cleaned 2 Weakness Brownfield - unusable 2 Opportunity Community gardens 2 Opportunity Solar power 2 Opportunity Infill housing 2 Weakness Trash 2 Strength Exit 121 - located off major interstate 1 Strength MEDC revitalization projects 1 Strength Brewery mural 1 Strength Day or night recording studio 1 Strength People 1 Strength Kalamazoo River 1 Strength Stoffer Plaza 1 Weakness Potential school location 1 Weakness Erie St road condition 1 Weakness Broadwell St road condition 1 Weakness Malleable Contaminated site 1 Opportunity Victory Park 1 Opportunity New senior housing development - location not chosen 1 Opportunity New businesses 1 Opportunity Anna's House of Flowers 1 Opportunity Parks 1 Opportunity Munger hall as a building 1 Opportunity Youth programs at library 1 Opportunity Caldwell School site redevelopment - more youth focused intergenerational recreation 1 Weakness Houses falling down 0 Opportunity McIntosh Park 0 Appendix | 105 �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Albion_Comprehensive-Plan_2022 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning Commission, City of Albion, Calhoun County, Michigan Comprehensive Plan Steering Committee, City of Albion, Calhoun County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2022-09-20 Title A name given to the resource The City of Albion Comprehensive Plan Description An account of the resource The City of Albion Comprehensive Plan was prepared by the Planning Commission and Comprehensive Plan Steering Committee for the City of Albion, and was approved on September 20, 2022. Subject The topic of the resource Comprehensive plan publications Albion (Mich.) Calhoun County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2c59a0b4727f8bc9c1ce05e1758ba70b.mp3 173bf16a40d643079bfe451f72b9757e https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f744b45b0ad751d188742164216018fd.pdf 5af746d2e415ed1438b597fd2976a34e PDF Text Text The Clash of Civilizations and the Healing of the Nations From the series: A Millennial Vision Text: Genesis 2:9; Revelation 22:2 Richard A. Rhem Christ Community Church Spring Lake, Michigan January 23, 2000 Transcription of the spoken sermon At this beginning of the year and the century and the millennium, I have been sharing with you A Millennial Vision, a vision of a world at peace, a peace that is created by the understanding and mutual respect of the respective, great religious traditions of the world. It was over a decade ago that I began to probe this issue; for me, it was quite a transformation to move from a rather honest exclusivism that the Christian faith was the only way to salvation, the only truth of God - to a pluralist position that recognized that other great religious traditions were both revelatory and that they did put people in touch with God, and also salvific in that they were the mediators of the grace of God. As I began to probe the issues of that pluralist position, I was very much aware of all of the questions that I would have raised to myself in my earlier years and I moved rather gingerly at first, although I was more and more deeply convinced that the great religious traditions did mediate that light and salvation, as well as my own Christian faith. But, I felt it necessary to justify and to explain myself because it was quite a move for me and for the congregation, as well. I, in the course of that decade or so, mentioned many times that my greatest concern was the fact that there could be no peace without that kind of understanding, quoting the great Catholic theologian, Hans Kiing, who said there will be no peace among the nations until there is peace among the religions. He went on to say there will be no peace among the religions until there is peace among the churches, but I can't wait that long. I think Kiing's point was well taken and I did believe that and I think we have come together to see that more and more. But, I never saw it as profoundly and was never convinced of it so strongly as I am today. There was a book in the books that I was reading that was referred to now and again in footnotes, a name continuing to pop up, and that's always a sign that someone has gotten someone's attention, and so I went out and got the book. It's called The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, by Samuel P. Huntington who is at Harvard University, one of the recognized leaders in the country in the understanding of international policy and foreign affairs, and he writes this book about the clash of civilizations in order to indicate his understanding of where we are in the human global community today. It is his © Grand Valley State University   �The Clash of Civilizations, The Healing of Nations Richard A. Rhem Page 2   contention that the world is not ever going to become one world, one universal world empire, preferably dominated by the West, bringing the whole world into our own image, but rather, the world is made up of a group of civilizations. Those groups of civilizations include the West (America and Europe), China, Southeast Asia, Islam, Africa, and interestingly, Christianity, which is the religious root of the West over against Orthodoxy, Eastern Orthodoxy, Eastern Christianity, so that Christianity actually founds two different civilizational cultures. Huntington's claim is that where we have come is to a point of groups, civilizations, societies, cultures that must learn to co-exist with each other if there would be peace in the world. If you think about it for a moment, just over the last 50 years, for example, some of us at least can remember the euphoria of the end of the Second World War, and then the crisis of the Cold War, and during the Cold War decades the world was divided into two, two great super powers, and the rest of the peoples in nations and tribes and societies and cultures simply had to line up on one side or the other. It was a political division; it was a power play; it was a world at an impasse; it was a two-world system. Do you remember the euphoria in the late 80's, 1989 when the Berlin Wall came down? Do you remember when we in the West "won," and when, for example, the State Department analyst published a very provocative essay about ten years ago that suggested the end of history, that liberal Western democracy and liberal capitalism had won the day, had been proven right, that history was over in the sense that we had reached the universal and that the world would all come into tow in that kind of framework? Well, there was some objection at the time, but we did bask in the glory of that triumph after all of those Cold War years and all of those crises that we had been through with a standoff of terror with nuclear arms pointed at each other. And then what happened? Well, it all came apart, didn't it? Today, as we speak, Russian troops are engaged in that very awful conflict in Chechnya which is, if you go down deep enough, an Orthodox civilization against a Muslim civilization. And, of course, the falling apart of Yugoslavia - Croatia, Western Catholic, coming to its own independence, Serbia, Eastern Orthodox, both of them practicing some ethnic cleansing on the Muslim people, and most recently the horror of Kosovo. So, we who are enlightened, liberal, gracious Western people say, "What's going on? Won't the world ever learn?" Things fall apart. Fragmentation. Just when the world was being spanned with McDonald's golden arches and Hollywood's productions and American technology and American investment. Just when we were creating one world, things come apart. Samuel Huntington says of course it is never going to be one world. That demands global empire. It is impossible and we don't have the power to do it, anyway. Of course, it's not two worlds ideologically threatening each other. And nations - what are nations? Lines drawn on maps by powers at the time. Nations don't reflect deep reality. No, rather, the world is divided into a series of civilizations that are united at the deepest level of identity in their religion. I find © Grand Valley State University �The Clash of Civilizations, The Healing of Nations Richard A. Rhem Page 3   it fascinating that this probably is the best work since the Cold War in terms of the global situation, and it is by a Harvard scholar who points to the fundamental, critical nature of religion as that which informs the respective civilizational groupings. Four out of the five major traditions are the foundation, the glue and the emotional center of these respective civilizational groupings. You can ask Dr. Boyd Wilson afterwards why Buddhism isn't, but Huntington says it's because, born in India, it got exported and transformed somewhat in Japan and Vietnam and China. The point is this - that what is being recognized today is that religion, religious faith and commitment, is absolutely fundamental to a civilizational grouping, whether it be the West or the Orthodox East or Islam or the Confucian states in the Far East. These civilizational groupings have a rootage in a religious identity, or I could say their religious understanding is the source of their identity. It goes back hundreds and thousands of years. I recently read again a story of Athanasius and Arius in the third century. Alius was a priest in the Christian Church in Alexandria and he believed that Jesus was human, certainly God's mediator and representative, but human. And Athanasius said Jesus was God. The book, incidentally, is When Jesus Became God, written by Richard Rubenstein, a Jew. Very interesting. For two centuries that battle on the nature of Jesus Christ raged. Mobs in the streets, churches burned, people killed – it was a tremendous conflict between Athanasius and Arius, and Western Christianity centered in Rome was always more inclined to Athanasius and Jesus as God. The Eastern sector was always more inclined to Arius and the humanity of Jesus. Finally it was nailed together at Chalcedon at 451, true God, true man, but in the 11th century, East and West came apart. They mutually excommunicated each other. And today you have Western Christianity as the soil of the West and you have Eastern Orthodoxy as the soil of the East. Russia is the great core state whose religion is Orthodox, and when the Balkans began to explode, it was Croatia that is Western Christian and Bosnia that was Orthodox. Those splits going back through the centuries continue to manifest themselves and in our own experience, people, we have seen the horror and the slaughter of those ancient feuds and rivalries and competitions that continue to manifest themselves in this enlightened, advanced age of which we are a part. The point is this - we live in a world that has become a global community, but not one world, but rather, groupings of peoples, civilizational groups informed and identified by a religious commitment, ethnic lines, cultural characteristics. We in the West who have come to such power and such prosperity would like to think that we can throw our weight around, and we have, and that we can have it our way. Interestingly, Huntington points out with data that is irrefutable that we are on the threshold of decline. Nothing is inevitable, but his plea is for a renewal of that uniqueness of Western values and visions. He points out that at this moment of our power and glory that is precisely when societies are on the threshold of decline. The society that believes that it has come to the end of history, to the © Grand Valley State University �The Clash of Civilizations, The Healing of Nations Richard A. Rhem Page 4   universal, is a society that is at the point of decline because there are others waiting for their place in the sun. He speaks about the tremendous power, growing power in self-consciousness and assertiveness in China, for example. And the resurgence of Islam scattered around the world, with a growing selfconsciousness and a growing assertion of itself. It is a cultural, civilizational, religious grouping of people and those ties and those commitments are far deeper than a national allegiance or any other political alignment that can be concocted by leaders of nations. So, that's where we are in our world today: respective civilizational groups. And what are we to do? Huntington would suggest that we have to learn, for one thing, that we ought not to go in and throw our weight around in the midst of another civilizational grouping, and we have to accept that there are those civilizational groupings with deep commitments that will simply not be cowed into submission. Oh, they can be beaten up for a while, but they'll not be uprooted, and that we ought to, obviously, learn co-existence through mediation. And that we should find the commonalities that are human, common to all people because they are human. The civilizations and societies are particular and they are relative, but there are some basic, fundamental human qualities that need to be discovered and cultivated in order that the world might live at peace. He calls upon us, as I said a moment ago, to find again our own uniqueness, a strong word against multiculturalism that tries to make America the world. We are not the world. We are the West. The rule of law. Human rights. Personal liberty, and parliamentary democracy. A few fundamental pillars that make us who we are find their rootage in our Judeo-Christian tradition. Renew that. Believe in that. But recognize that we are one such group in the various civilizational configurations around the globe. Learn to co-exist. That word is politically pertinent. Considering the Iowa Caucases tomorrow, then New Hampshire, South Carolina. Would that the current Presidential candidates would discuss The Clash of Civilizations by Samuel Huntington. If they did, they would be unelectable because the things that need to be said and done in this country at this time would give the death knell to anybody's candidacy. That should disturb us. If that is a word to the political establishment, isn't there a parallel word to the Church? If it is false that there is one world to be universally made after our image, if it is immoral to do so, if it is dangerous to try to do so, it seems to me the same would be true in terms of our faith commitment; that there, too, we ought to learn, as I think we have been learning, to co-exist with the great religious traditions. Proselytizing ought to be out of bounds. World evangelization ought to be a goal yielded up as unworthy of the Christ whom we follow. It seems to me that in the church what we need to do again is cultivate our own tradition, preserve our own tradition, seek renewal for our own tradition and learn to understand, from which will come respect and mutual enhancement of the © Grand Valley State University �The Clash of Civilizations, The Healing of Nations Richard A. Rhem Page 5   religious traditions of the world. Not only pluralism passively, but I would call you to pluralism actively as the only appropriate response to the multiplicity and complexity of the world in our day, a world that politically needs to learn coexistence, a world religiously that needs to recognize the deep rootedness of those traditions that need to be respected and understood. If only we would come to understand that the other cultures of the world are saying to us, “Give us your technology, give us the wealth, send us your movies and your hamburgers, but frankly, we like our cultural values better than yours.” Who are we to tell the rest of the world how it ought to respond to life, what its values and vision ought to be? Who are we to tell the rest of the world that our truth is the only truth? In the Garden of Eden in the Genesis creation story, the writer was obviously saying that God's intention for creation is to be a garden, and there was a tree of life there. In the closing vision of the seer on the Isle of Patmos, the vision was not of a garden, but it was of a city, and it was paradise regained, that beautiful image of the city with the river of crystal and trees on the banks with its leaves for the healing of the nations. This is the vision, you see. This is the intention of the Creator according to the biblical writer. This is the dream, the healing of the nations. And how in the world will it ever be accomplished? Well, of course, just to throw a ringer into the works, let me point you to Jesus, the highly impractical Jesus who says when one slaps you on the right cheek, turn the other. Who says not an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth, but yielding up to the other. Who says love your enemies. There are those who take those chapters wanting to preserve them as the word of God and infallible and authoritative, who say of those sayings of Jesus that they are meant for personal ethics, but not for great nations. Well, would this stuff work? Somebody would get beaten up, I guess. But, if it were going to work, should we who are powerful invite those who are without power to yield up their swords? Or, would it make sense for we who are powerful to begin the process? Now, you try that in Iowa tomorrow. You see, Jesus is that disturbing presence in all of our rationalization. In all of our practicality and all of our wisdom, all of our savvy and all of our cleverness, we keep running up against Jesus. Would not Jesus say at least learn to live in a multi-civilizational world of diverse religious traditions, learn to see from the perspective of the other and understand, if you can, value your own path and seek its renewal, and follow me in the ways of peace. That, I think, is a task for the third millennium because in the third millennium we get angry and hostile and we have the means to blow it all up, you see. It's not really a possible way to go anymore. It's a matter of human survival beyond being the will of God. © Grand Valley State University �The Clash of Civilizations, The Healing of Nations Richard A. Rhem Page 6   References: Samuel P. Huntington. The Clash of Civilizations: Remaking of the World Order. Touchstone, 1997; reprinted, 2001. © Grand Valley State University � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Event Epiphany III Series A Millennial Vision Scripture Text Genesis 2:9, Revelation 22:2 Location The location of the interview Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI References Samuel P. Huntington.The Clash of Civilizations: Remaking of the World Order. Touchstone, 1997, 2001 edition. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01_RA-0-20000123 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2000-01-23 Title A name given to the resource The Clash of Civilizations and the Healing of the Nations Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Sermons Relation A related resource Richard A. Rhem - An Archive of Sermons, Prayers, Talks and Stories: http://richardrhem.org/ Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 application/pdf Description An account of the resource A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on January 23, 2000 entitled "The Clash of Civilizations and the Healing of the Nations", as part of the series "A Millennial Vision", on the occasion of Epiphany III, at Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI. Scripture references: Genesis 2:9, Revelation 22:2. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives Global Peace Pluralism https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1ff886c4530d68864ba5f987ae6f7c6f.mp3 6053859dae36a270778c11ca1090b6af Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Event Palm Sunday Scripture Text John 11:50 Location The location of the interview Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01_RA-0-19860323 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986-03-23 Title A name given to the resource The Clash of Two Kingdoms Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Sermons Relation A related resource Richard A. Rhem - An Archive of Sermons, Prayers, Talks and Stories: http://richardrhem.org/ Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Description An account of the resource A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on March 23, 1986 entitled "The Clash of Two Kingdoms", on the occasion of Palm Sunday, at Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI. Scripture references: John 11:50. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4d6cfb02fbd218710811663c9024e0d7.pdf a2076d818e3af5b8f9b2d0c3152266f3 PDF Text Text 1 in 6 American Women have experienced ~ j rape or _attempted rape ~ lifetime. I 90% of rapes and attempted rapes are perpetrated by people the victim l<nows. Women with disabilities experience the highest rate of personal violence. I ~:~•:::•xual ~ 7 rs of the Mem be ·t BT communt Y LG . ce exper1en . timate partner m at the violence their same rate as \\ege ""u, .. co . es are 4 tun more \i\{e\'t to be se._.ua\\'t assau\ted. - ' \~,parts. Workshops October l 0th- 14th 8:00am-5:00pm Women's Center Rm 1201 - Kirkhof Center Wednesday, October 12th 2:00 pm-5:00pm PEW Campus- WIN 205 VOU can b a tt er rny b O d Y, but you can't touch rny spirit. View the Display October 10th- 14th Kirkhof Center - Main Lobby Pew Campus - Student Study Area GVSU Holland Meijer Campus Create a T-shirt as a Survivor or Friend of a Survivor of Violence. @ GR.A'.'-J.D\?·\.LI.EY ST/fl I lJ'-1\TR',ITY \\ 0 , 11 11 1: ,-.u, Sponsored by: Women's Center, Eyes Wide Open, . . . and Center for Women 1n Trans1t1on � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Sexuality and Gender Flyers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center Women and Gender Studies Department Women's Commission Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity Description An account of the resource Digitized posters, flyers, event notices, and other materials relating to gender expression and sexuality at Grand Valley State University, with materials spanning from 1974 to 2019. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974/2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized from collections at the Rainbow Resource Center (formerly the Milton E. Ford LGBT Resource Center), Women and Gender Studies Department, Women's Commission, and Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Gender identity Gender expression Sexual orientation Women's studies Queer theory Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09_SGF_2011_The-Clothesline-Project.pdf Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Women's Center Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011-10-10/2011-10-14 Title A name given to the resource The Clothesline Project Description An account of the resource Flyer detailing a workshops on creating t-shirts for violence survivors. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Women's Center, Eyes Wide Open, Center for Women in Transition Subject The topic of the resource Community centers Healing Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Women's Center Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5c72c78f01c9cc46812a3cc44993f890.jpg d41593ffd16ba97c1843832df5dfb26f https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0bb69e56dd402ff3c1a3dfae0134dfcb.jpg b87219d2fa387f1cbb0fd04536cc6ca6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-Walsh-J_0033 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource C. R. Childs Co. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952 Title A name given to the resource The Club House of West Shore Golf Links, Douglas, Mich. postcard Description An account of the resource Postcard featuring a landscape view of "The Club House" at West Shore Golf Links in Douglas, Michigan. The postcard depicts a clubhouse with an active hillside golf course out front. To the right of the building there is a water tower nearby. The back of the postcard has no handwriting other than the date "1952." Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Douglas (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich.) Postcards Outdoor recreation Golf Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by Jerri Walsh as part of the Stories of Summer project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/37f4c8403b20a6df7bb8b53368e2fa5f.jpg bd4cc8657c286104793726a8ce63e3b6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Decorated Publishers' Bindings Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Description An account of the resource From the early 1870s to roughly 1930, many publishers issued their commercial book covers with a remarkable variety of graphic designs and illustrations. This sixty-year period saw many artists and designers contributing to this art form. While some can be identified from their style or initials, others remain unknown. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Michigan Novels Collection Regional Historical Collection Lincoln and the Civil War Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-30 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a>, <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source Michigan Novels Collection. PS3511.R54 C6 1902 c.2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01_Bindings0233 Title A name given to the resource The Colonials Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Decorative Design (Designer) Description An account of the resource Binding of the Colonials by Allen French, published by Doubleday, Page and Co., 1902. Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1902 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9e53be8af04487b61ec36e6efbb71b3d.jpg 6ca70a043b786590d10841915ff17644 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Decorated Publishers' Bindings Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Description An account of the resource From the early 1870s to roughly 1930, many publishers issued their commercial book covers with a remarkable variety of graphic designs and illustrations. This sixty-year period saw many artists and designers contributing to this art form. While some can be identified from their style or initials, others remain unknown. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Michigan Novels Collection Regional Historical Collection Lincoln and the Civil War Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-30 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a>, <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source Michigan Novels Collection. PS3511.R54 C6 1902 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01_Bindings0234 Title A name given to the resource The Colonials Description An account of the resource Binding of the Colonials by Allen French, published by Doubleday, Page and Co., 1902. Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1902 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/01a8d0d831f7c39c4c2f170545d2e81e.jpg 17e222983de45b3bf5de5dd53239e4e2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2014F-Comedy-of-Errors_001 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Title A name given to the resource The Comedy of Errors (theater production), 2014 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2014 production of "The Comedy of Errors." Full cast promotional image. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2014s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/efeefce4bc63f04634580e3efaa63584.jpg c069c2f2d7081c704f399077bea9a331 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2014F-Comedy-of-Errors_043 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Title A name given to the resource The Comedy of Errors (theater production), 2014 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2014 production of "The Comedy of Errors." In this image four woman in matching cowgirl costumes hitch up their skirts as they perform a square dance. The set is designed like a town square, with an old western saloon front in the background. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2014s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e354acfb339a3767ceb27c1dd5e9fa14.jpg 58228d64ce8c130160504cfc8447f577 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2014F-Comedy-of-Errors_098 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Title A name given to the resource The Comedy of Errors (theater production), 2014 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2014 production of "The Comedy of Errors." In this image three nuns clasp their hands piously as they look into the distance with concern. The two nuns standing on either side of the trio wear black veils and hold straw brooms. The nun in the center wears a white veil. The backdrop of the set is a purple wall with a paneled red door. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2014s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c469c9e88dffb7612d3e1c8ec735f291.jpg 904214b77a5981795e2da9e2475f523c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2014F-Comedy-of-Errors_108 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Title A name given to the resource The Comedy of Errors (theater production), 2014 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2014 production of "The Comedy of Errors." In this image a cowboy serenades two barmaids with his accordion. The barmaids sit back to back and sing along while raising beer bottles. In the background, out of focus, two men and a woman stand and watch. The backdrop of the set is painted bright red and yellow. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2014s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/916fe577786e99c3191a290d51caa1a1.jpg 76a263254649a4207cc0eca039474cf8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2014F-Comedy-of-Errors_160 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Title A name given to the resource The Comedy of Errors (theater production), 2014 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2014 production of "The Comedy of Errors." In this image a woman sits in a red plush armchair and stares, annoyed, into the distance. Another woman leans over the table standing between them and speaks drunkenly to her. Both hold wine glasses. The set is designed like a sitting room, with two armchairs on either side of a round table. The walls are painted a bright fuchsia with a yellow door. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2014s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/bbe79a9b6a8b7e5c40ba1f832890d6b5.jpg 3b3b706b1a8ab420894c902acf8042b4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2014F-Comedy-of-Errors_211 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Title A name given to the resource The Comedy of Errors (theater production), 2014 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2014 production of "The Comedy of Errors." In this image a man holds his hat to his chest and speaks to a closed door. A clown with a large red nose stands critically beside him. They are standing in the doorway of a house. Another identical clown leans out of a second story window and places its chin in its hand with a longing expression. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2014s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0b046668c4093ce9ab771a2013670c50.jpg c0afc68fa8eaa599b7083e31e1663209 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2014F-Comedy-of-Errors_318 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Title A name given to the resource The Comedy of Errors (theater production), 2014 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2014 production of "The Comedy of Errors." In this image a man scrunches up his face as he is hit with a shower of glitter from a ragged magician beside him. In the background a variety of cowboys, townsfolk, and barmaids watch in surprise or confusion. The set is designed like a town square, with an old western saloon front in the background. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2014s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/720f5a505a1bed5e64585e8cd4e1d1fa.jpg aaa5d8e493e62e508d2e95e6f2f6e344 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2014F-Comedy-of-Errors_343 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Title A name given to the resource The Comedy of Errors (theater production), 2014 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2014 production of "The Comedy of Errors." In this image a clown sits disinterestedly on the edge of the stage. Two old western barmaids attempt to sneak up on it. One has grabbed its right hand, which is covered with a colorful sock. She has a look of murderous rage on her face and is trying to strangle the sock by gripping the clown's wrist. Behind the trio a fight is underway in the town square. On the left a woman holds out her arms as if to keep the violence at bay. On the right a man has been captured by a cowboy and has a gun held to him. The set is designed like a town square, with an old western saloon front in the background. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2014s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2d35391e69bd5fdaa1382f2f6ed5e419.jpg 32361b5a71a54342f5d68e345d685751 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2014F-Comedy-of-Errors_368 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Title A name given to the resource The Comedy of Errors (theater production), 2014 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2014 production of "The Comedy of Errors." In this image a woman in a dirty, ragged dress and a rubber chicken hanging off her belt speaks with an expression of crazed fear. Beside her two young maids, in frilly white caps and aprons, speak to her with frightened concern. In the background a woman in the ensemble stands with a bored look on her face. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2014s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8414feecb16a8d25069ad5efbe8a2eb3.jpg c514ff952f57bb8058eb32c636e55838 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_2014F-Comedy-of-Errors_382 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Title A name given to the resource The Comedy of Errors (theater production), 2014 Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's 2014 production of "The Comedy of Errors." Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 2014s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/330f045cacaedec3f4267d86f2ea2a74.jpg 5701c5ba52a4b5ae5a2e44c5a274b7c8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-Red-Misc-57 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1987-07-23 Title A name given to the resource The Commercial Record Description An account of the resource An article from The Commercial Record about the Red Barn Theatre's performance of Honeysuckle Rose and Mame. It also provides information on how to acquire tickets, as well as a photo of two men in costume. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Community theater Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file collected by the Kutsche Office of Local History from the Saugatuck Douglas History Center for the Stories of Summer project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5cebb99ba80a1d3d54bedd827a92260a.pdf 7ad40be6f384ed8a57601ec3b74ce3d5 PDF Text Text f I SAUGATUCK, MICHIGAN, JULY22, 19'76 OUR 109th YEAR 15 Cents NUMIER THIRTY ·Fire. Marshals Checking Blu~ Tempo Blaze . Fire which authorities believe was arson swept the ~lue Tempo building just before dawn Friday, destroy. mg the building which stood on the site of one of Saugatuck's early lumber mills. Firemen from Saugatuck and Douglas used 10 hoses in sµbduing the blaze at 349 Culver Street. A light wino from the north blew embers out onto Kalamazoo Lake and helped keep the blaze from a home to the east and the Harriss Pie Co. factory and office to the north and west. · . Th~ was repor~d about 5 :3'7 a.m •. Saugatuck Fue Ch:ef ~ob Jones said people were coming to work at_ Harr~~s Pie about 5 :3-0 and did not see or smell anything. Then all at-once it wen~ poof, " he said. In a short time the front ~of the building was enveloped in flames and firemen worked at smashing ~own the fue there to keep it away from the pie plant across the • street. ~e~ were. hampered in spraying the east side of the buildmg by a fallen electrical wire until Consumers Power arrive d to shut it off. After . the front fell in on itself, fuemen conce ntrated on the sides of the long building. Two Saugatuc k trucks were used and the new _Douglas truck was called when; after the fire was more or less under control, a wrong valve . was turned and some of Saugatuck's hoses were out ot water for a few minutes. The fue was quenched by 7 a .m. Fire marshals from the Paw Paw Post: of the State fir: • 1 r l~ . s.::. µ.;;;.:. ~ ::.,. ~ .. Holland crime laboratory• to determine i f ;my accclerant was used. Al Hu~1es 0 pm~ of the investigacors, said that even with~t r,pe results fr om the s~mples, they believed it. was arson because of the__ qU1ckness with which it started aw:l the way it burned. .. . · Chief Jones said that electricity and ga s~yi.~e to Fire~en left and rif}lt spray water .on the blazing facade of the Blue Tempo, the building had been turried off. ·· . · , · . • Toe building was owned by Robert Meyer of . Chicago, according to the villag c~erk's office. _until last year it had h6used the Blue Tempo Lounge, h~ • · Gary Giocomo i s directe!: and chaeographer of censed by Don Davis of Allegan. The lounge.featur~d The Red B·. qn TI,teatre will 'n Tuesday, July M the company. Giocomo has just received the Joseph live music for a number of years., 1:1 the e8!1Y 1960 S ·ptes_e nting all T.QJ!~i~a;,l extravaganzas this season. Jefferson award as Best Ch:oreo.grapher for 1974 - '7S it became re gard~d as a _g athering place for homosex.., "Showtime' , direct from a 11 month run atln• season and received a Jeff nomination far the best uals'. In the late 1960's pllt~ \'{ere announced b;.y . . the-Round Dinnei; Th~~tre in Chi go will. play actor. Musical direct<!r is Daryl Wagner. G.E.K. Enterprise%., a previous ~vner, for a n_auncal ttjrough August 8 in~~llding Sund_ay . • The Red Barn Theall:e is under all new maoa~... "Dames at $~ 11 wjll run fron: Aug. 10 to 22; store there·in c njunctibn ,qith marina expans101:5 ment. Curtain is at 8:30 Tuesday through Saturday, "The Julie Wilson Show" Aug. 24 to Sept. 5. a1on g th- 'or· tidli. ., .· e· of tl1e•-lal<e.. These plar1.s d1d _nq,t '1:30 Sunday evenings, and cl0$e<\ on Mondays. The .professional Equity corn any includes eight materialize . · .· ·· , • ,. • • Pho!le 857-2105 for reservations and information. · Early this yrl,ar Da,vis wa~ fined_ $600 by the state _ ac'tors who have' been seen in the top theatres, ballet Liquor c: 0111:rol comm.,i.ssion, according t? Roger Rosen companies and opera companies ound the country. Ja L1.:, Jc pu ty di.J;ector for ')..icensing afd enf~cemejlt.' . The char ~L'S ,-:er~ se~lir'tg o~ transferrrng an interest lil _ ·a license aud obtaimng a license for the .use_and be~ fi t 0 f pcrs_ons not on the licemse, charges which Davis sa id l"ri day were false. The Blue T~~po was closed . by that time and the Liq1,1or CoI,11nnss10? o:de,red Davis to ge t rid of the license by May 1, ~ccord1~g to R?sel_l; _ _ da 1c '" ho · aid that transfer of the ~c.e nse 1s pendrng -~ -· • to T~mJohnsQn of Coral-Gables. Davis sa1d he too~ a $17, ooo loss by having to get rid of hi~ Uce·nse "b~t at _ least the queers didn't get it. " · ·· · : ...'.' . ; In recent weeks the basement of th~ bui~ding· ' ·h oused the Game Room with machines owned by Ch-arles Miller of Dou glas. . , The approximate site of the Blue Tempo was ll d before 1860 by the o. R. Johnson CompanJ for a large !Umber mill. Later the mill and yard were sold to . Griffin and Henry. After the mill was dismantled Just be fore the turn of tl1e century, the land was use~ for a lumber yard and an ice house erected on the site., Some time after 1925 Louis Buerhle erected Buerhle s, a series of lodging places with a road froI? Culver St. nearly to the wat.er; many have called this arrangement saugatuck's first motel. There was also a popular tavern on the premises. In the early 1940's the buildings were purchased by ·Ed and Marion Demeter who ran the Ed-Mar Resort. By 1960 the Blue Tempo Bar was built on the . lower level. The upper level has been used for a vanover the uophies that will be awas:ded to the M arina 's e ty of businesses. In 1966 the property was bought by Carolyn and Bob Henke, skipper of the "Spirit of beauty contest winners and 1he best deccrated boats John cole who planned with a major oil company to 76 ",start decorating fa: the "Spirito '76" Venetian are Lynn Wrign.1.•~nd Val Mcintyre . build a series of shops a nd eating places in the maze Festival to ·be held the last weekend i Joly. Looking . of old buildin gs , and a marina i n Lake Kalamazoo, but the plans were never realized. at -:R~d~. Barn Oprns Tue~d_ay 0 --· � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-BlueTempo_0014 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1976-07-22 Title A name given to the resource The Commercial Record - July 22, 1976 Description An account of the resource Issue number thirty of community newspaper, The Commercial Record, dated July 22, 1976 and written in its 109th year of serving the Saugatuck-Douglas community. The front page features an article on the devastating fire which broke out at The Blue Tempo, along with a brief history of the local landmark, and news of the Red Barn Theatre reopening. The newpaper has become discolored from age and there appears to be water damage. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich) Douglas (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich) Community newspapers Gay bars Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the Saugatuck Douglas History Center as part of the Stories of Summer project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b0fc2db3342c207c0f5ac79d68deb1a3.pdf 1f829268b0da2409757bdba191efedb7 PDF Text Text , e. -~~ _N_INE_•_T_Y_-s_'IX_ _ _ _ _ __ ________ s_A_ U_G_A_TU_OK_:"._ VENETIAN ·FESTIVAL ATTAINS · NEW MARKS FOR CROWDS, ·MORE FEATURES MI_c_m_·_G.:..,AN....:...:.'_.:T:.::.H_URS:..:::..:D:..A:.Y:..:.,_J_U_L_Y_ _3....: 0'~ 1964_ - - - - - -- "My Fair Lady" to Open August 4 For Two Weeks at Barn - -- _ _ _ _ _N_U_MB_E_R_'l'BIR_XY __ •ONE CITIZENS PROPOSE FOUR STRINGENT RULES FOR LABOR DAY WEEKEND The Citizens Committee appointed Winds O'l'chestra •c>I the Butler Hot::L ,by Lynn McCray, president of the The sky-diving bf the J ungle Inn "My F air Lady", that wild!y-,5ucvillage, to consider methods of comSports Sky Div:ng Club of St. Joseph cessrfu!l , history - making, r ecord batting the antics of teen-agers durrthe divers targeting on K1la mazoo br eak!i.ng triumph opens at Saugaing holiday weekends has made its La ke and then ;ieing picked up by ,t uck's Red B arn Theatre on Tuesday , report on its recommendations. the U.S. Coast Gu ard and Auxil- Aug. 4 (no per<form m ce Aug. 3) . iary boaits, was a thriner . It was a Derived by Alan Jay Lerner and The Committee is composed di ,p erformance new •to many and gave Frederick Loewe Il'Om B ernard Henry Hungerford, chairman; Mrs. all exciitem ent :.i:s l:hey J:.it their tar- Shaw's 1914 comedy hit, " P y,g mal D. A. Byrd, Miss Viola Fox, James .get per,feotly . ~on" , "My Fair Lady" tells of an Ohristensen, Art Francis, Fred The fireworks dispfay, put on in •arrogant , phonetically-obsessed exGo.ers, J ames· Seymour, William the usual efficien1: m a nner of Bill p ert on diction who makes a bet Gorz, Garth Wilson, and Rev . DaWilson, was a m ost br illiant and <fuat he can turn a grubby street Vlid Nelson. colorful show as the fanta stic patters urchin into a hligh1:oned lady in six The first meeting was held July showier ed through the skies. It was months, simply by teaching her to 22 and Sgt. Buschell of the South a well sEllected program of the pyro- speak corr ectly. Hiaven Pl:Jlice Post, outlin.ed plans <techni.cs. In addrtion to David P al.mer as the State Police have for the Labor The Venetian Pam.de, formed and Henry Higgins and p..atr-icia Woods Day week.end. headed by Dr. Gordon Striplin , was as Elliza, the cast will include vet a well 011gani2led .procession of em.n Bruce Hall, Bonnie Hatfield Committee Reoommenda.ti()lls h andsomely a nd cleverly d ecorated and Don 'Bonevi'ch. Producer-Direct.At the second meeting, held last 1boaJts, from the prams of the Sauga- or J am es Dyas and Musical Director Monday evelliing in the Village Hall, ,tuck Yaicht to the big cruisers, Dr. Jack K,immel direct the show's tihe Comm.iiutee prepared four recomwhich was thoroughly enjoyed by a scenes and songs. m endait.ions to the Village Board of large · c t·owd iafll along the way. It Op · T esday Auo, 4 1 <>t 0 ~ F ea tures ar e Many erung on u • ' trustees: · L a d Y " is · sch e duled for a 'Ilhe Ja ke front around Cook P ark can be r anked as the best and finest "My Fair . . . . . -in all V,enetiru1 F estivals so far. two-we eks r un( with a spedal Sun1. Following Sgi. Busche-Id 's sugwi th activity from begummg All in all the 1964 F estival was · .~ A t 9) cresbio", a bJockade should be put tteemed d T itt ti ch the ' day mght p er.Lornn ance, u,gus , . 0 • 0 ~n · op <c1 rac 0 ?5 s u,, as ,, .the best "Big Saturday" of the ser- closing Saturday, August 15. Ndgh'tly . . into effect when all parking spaces antique awtos, l:he Jets f lyover, ies and set good m arks fur /!he f ut dn d t· j\l1ss N ancy Fosd1ck , 17, of Dougfi."' d "''-' ti" . • .., · · h Ra · · a t 8: 30, We es ay m a m ees 2 : 30• .ne . .ut1s ac. on JS 1I11pera.c,Ve t he Sbgh water skiers, t e cme ure hro 1 _,.,. S t d las, has been selected •a s Queen to ..are _ k ...,__ \ ..... ,.>I..,,."'" . . · /Running t ug 1 nel\JL a: u.v a y '""' ee,.i i..u."' anes O"Qen. ,.nrou0 ,..,,,,,.,. ya chts, the sky divers, the firewo rks _ _ _ __ . . ~ " 't'ne l)el)-cesen.t ',',a\l'i[.aw.d~.-1::>ou.'i@.as a.\ 't'ne fu ~~ a nd the b ig parade ,gave a Va'.I"iety w uil 0 - t ~ c~~: n\ l:t\\l-;;1.ca: ' hl\e'il)-an Co\ln\'g "Fili ii.n. '::,e'£,tero..ber . ' e ¥,e. of. ente1"tainment w\th color a nd Soun.d oi \lS).C . N ancy' daughter oi Cna:r\es "Fosdi.c°R, i . P(}\ie,e ro:aKe ever:, etl.ort m ,thr ills. gradua,tecl trom 'Sau,gal\:u:ck B.i.gh Kee11 tta\tti.c movmg, esl)ectally m. Star.ti~g off d~y was the finish , ~ ·Sch'JO\ %!\is spring. tbe commercial zone. from m1d-morrung mto afternoon, of ~u Runners-up in t he beauty con test . the a nnual Gold Bowl r ace of the th t h ld 1 t Wedn d ?, . To un.plement these two recomRacine (Wis.) Ya.c;_ht Club to S~u"gac 1: 1t~ ons ,a:6: dau~e;yot~;~ .mendstions, make Water Street one •tuck - won by L::le Slay!.Jia ugtt of Work is progressing a t the D•)ugand Mrs. Jack Simmons , Douglas; way south, frand Butler Street one t h e Singapore Club , which was th.en las E lem entary School addition until Beverly ButJ.er, 16, daughter of Mr. way noI'l!h, om fue _s.toplight (Culretired , d M B 1: R tal!I S t k ver StTeet) to F:ranCJ.S Street. The '"n·al ti·ve-mil·""" section of the .an asd , auga uc ; First· visible event was the parade u.t is possi!ble now to name tJ:le comu J a rs. e1 H,= ~...,bor freeway (I- J uh y c Coc.1tes, 17,d s a ughter of Mr. 4. Tlrat the Village Board sugof ltlhe Kalamazoo Antique Auto !Re- pletion daite for m any of the sections . .H-'lland-o0 ~n+.~n uv · usie Gorz, 17, g ests th·a.t the local court adopt Sgt. stor ers, •a round the "Loop" of 1lhe Lt is now anticipated fua t the build- l9G) wil:l· be open.e d t•o traffic Friday d o n h ,oates f , an · g to the Sti~• TT"ghway De- Gaug. ter o Mr. and Mr s. William Bus.chell's r ecommend'aitions ,ro hold Village then into Cook P ark fo be ing whll be completed· and ready for acoordin "' te ,rn • k- occupancy Oct. 1. ,p~"l!Inerrt. Compl,=~•w ..,'.on of the two orz. court from nine to five daily except on disp1ay. P rize winners w er,e pie cw ed by the publie. , I!f al! ,p roceeds as scheduled ~e ,b ridges over tlhe ~alamazoo River Judges of the contest were Mr. Sunday. Law v.iolaitors brought in ~eek will be on by ~ ugus t 8. Ro?r1!111g near Sa ugatuck m arked l:he com- Tom Sc,hultz, Mr. Wtill'.i am Grotmds after thes e hours would_ ~e r~uired Thrills in the Skies JS ex;pected to begin by the rruddle pletion of ,tJhe filnal s ection of the of South Bend and !Mrs. Margaret to post bond or go to Jail until the Then, a t 12:45 o'clock, cam e one •Jf .tJhis week, wl,t h completio~ set freeway, which is :from a n inter- Gea~hart of Holland . Master of cere- justic e (of pea:e) orders their apof the thrilling s ights of the entire for August 28. Ml3Sonry work will be chan"e at old US-31 s outh of Douglas m oni,es was Ev '.f1homas, ,and organ- pea11ance for ma!. day - l:h:e "flyover '' of the 172nd fin1i: hed thi,s ~eek. ,t o inberohiange ne ar Sa,ugatuck. iS t was Amber Rosin. Saugatuck'Ilhe recommendations wild be conTactical Reconnaisance Squadron , K<Ltchen e~u1pm ~nt . has been . or- The opening will give Michigan Douglas merchants sponsored the sidened by llhe trustees at a special .,,, it· --·' G d which fol- der ed and is begmmng to arnve. motoris ts a continuous 125-mile event and also contriblrted various meemng or at the regular August Mi hi c gan "a 10" ""- uar ' B ·1 ' in will be completed · +-, th · · I d COI Howard S.tra nd across ~1 er room pip g ' ' . . s tretch of freeway driving from pl'Jzes ,v e wwner. meeting on Au,g, 10. ow;e · . . lbtns ,v,eek. Work on the til e disposal · h' r d . lin th t t.he skies screarmng 1ike banshees. . . . ,the Mic 1gan- n JJana e nor o It was a 'stirring ,eiHmpse of an im- field will get st al'ted tlhJS week, aJ1 d W.hiJtehalJ, except for four .miles of . on .the storm-water dry wells :two-lane roa d noru1 . ..... of M us k egon. portant part of the"'national defenses. work . Afte r 1 o 'c1ack the -anternoon pro- JS to beglm soon. ~he Muskegon road should be r eady ,g ram in Kalama.zioo Lake and Cook Some Ready for Opening by the end of August. P ark kept crowds of spectators -inMichigan's top pro golfers are Lui'a of Mt. Clemens took the 1962 Ins!iallation of acousticail tile ceilheading for Saugatuck to pllly in toumey. Glen Stum of Cascade terested as e\·ents arranged by Miss Arts Show the Mich!igan PGA and pr o-am tour- Country Club has been second the l\iiary Newcomb, ch:a:irrnian, of the ings in tlhe existing buildings is to neys slaited for the course this week. past two years. Bury shot a 139, Saugatuck Yacht Club wer e put on. be stamed tlris wee<k. Painting work, The 36-hole Michigan PGA will five under par last season on rounds :u was a grea.t afternoon of fine en- millwork, and tiile floo11ing will st.art be held Thursday and Friday over of 70 and 69. t entainment~ we ll , put together and 1as soon as the roo:lling h:as been Methodist completed. ,t he nine-hole Hamilton Lake Golf -B ig .John Barn.um three-time presented. Classroom furnitune is to be deThe first annuail Church and Fine and Country Club layowt while the PGA winner, is alwa~ one of tbe mher e wer e the pram and ligh'ting races o:f the Saugatuck Club, a Jdvered August 15. Ther e is a pos- Ants F estival opened Monday at the pro-a m event will be s taged Wednes - pr e-tourney favorites. Again this year the BJy,lnfi.eld Country Club pro fine and diversi1iied outdoor art show sibility thaJt four classroom s and the Sauga t uck Meth~st Ch~h. There d!ay. Pro Bill Hamilton repovt;s about w.ill be in the field of more than 70 from studEnts of the Summer School o.iifice area will be ready for school •a re 40 reproduations of filne master$9,000 in prizes for the two tourna- gu'.liei"S. of Painting, mouilih,to-mouth resus- opening. If so, r emodeling in e,cist- pieces. The exhibition, is open daily from m ents wi1lh $6,000 for the PGA and Barnum finished i!l a ne for sixth tication demo~ rated by Uep. Sher . ing buildings can continue while place last yea:r a.fte,• 1,.-dting off to Rudy Whi tney from Sheri.ff Whlt- school is in session so thaJt ail work 3:00 to 5: 00 and 7:00 ,to 8:30 p .m. ,tlhe rest for the pro-am Wlinners. comb 's off~ ; which drew great can be completed during September. The public is oordilia.l.ly inv.i,ted to '1'h e pro-am is a speaial tourna- a poor \Start with a i7 on the first 'I1his will make it possilble for a ll look over ll!he display. anent set up -by Hamiloon. It will be round. He fired a 68 in the seco!'d crowds; O?en house at the U.S. Burelem entary stude nts to move to the The F estiV'al is in cooperation with laJl 18-hole best ball event and am- round, only one stroke behind Siu . eau of F)'sh~r.ies. (see separat e s tory); canoe Jousting lby the Otsego new Dou,gbas Elementary Schooll at Cobi Originals Art Studio of Sauga- aiteurs will pay $100 for the chance art's 67, the best round of ~e tour-tuck. _ _ ___ to p]ay with the pros. ney. Boy Scouts under Scoutmaster L. the same rune. This is the third straight year :tlhe Veterans T-ed Kroll and Walter Sam Morehouse; the specta cular and EMERGENCIES 'AT HOSPITAL Michig(an PGA haJS been st:aged at B urkemo will be competing in the thriilling water skhln g of the Charles MACK'S LANDING SUNSHINE Hammon Lake. P,ar is 72. With the !tournament !I.long with e."•Saugatuck SLiigh :trJupe of n ationally known SOCIETY GIVEN HONOR Over l:he Fourth of July weekend nine hole course, Hamilton set up 18 pro Lorin Shook of j.f.11aw. s kiers, wi~h championShlp perform!Mack's Landing Sunshine Soc- the CommuniJty Hospital took care of tee off:s for the 6,000-plus yard This is the first time Krol..l is com,ers in number r-; the peddle-boat race dat;y, has r eceived honorable m en- 72 various emergency oases , from course. After a golfer completes the peting in a Michigan PGA at Hama nd •tile hydroplru1e demonstrations. tion fi'om llhe Irrtemail!i.onal Sunsh'ine Frida y night thru Sunday. Dr. Wil- filrst nine holes he plays the same ilton Lake while Burkemo finished Evening of Spectacmla.rs Society for ·t ime given for sewing, ilii.am H. Schock was the physioi,an course again only starting each hole •i<>d for thir•! last year Rroll is pro Three spectaiculavs came lin oroer remembecing the elderly and shut- on call. He was assisted by Dr. K~m- ifrom a different tee off point. at Frank'lin Hills, form~rly Burke. in :tJhe evening, w.i.t!h a pleasant bit d-ns, and sponsoring a boy to Boy's neth C. Miller and Dr. James D. Dick Bury of Grosse Pointe won mo's home course, while BurlQ!mo Hayes. of musical diversion by ithe Cross- State. ,t he state PGA last year and Ben is at the Detroit Golf Club. From the time of the shrieks and iscreams o:f ithe jets iin the noon hour untill. l:h:e last spar ~ of a brilliant o utburist of fi11ewol'ks faded into the niJght air , Venice came in many diorrns t ') Saug,a,t_uck as 1lhe annua l Venetia n F esth•al set some more r ecords for tthe books. L. The amternoon and evening long program was nOlt only much the best yet giw:m , 1t also had more features and was much better presented. Kalamazoo Lake was the arena of water for l:he continuous show tha,t pleased a cr\:>Wd recokoned as larger thap last year's 15,000, 'I'he expected influx of young punks did not m ater.iaB.!i.ze a nd untoward iricidrmts were at a minimum. Chief Al W00ds and his m en were on the a lert and 11aady , and ,the fine handling of traffic did m uch to have an orderly - and a ppreciated - day a nd evening. tl:f Nancy Fosdick I~ Saugatuck-Douglas Beauty Queen for '64 Douglas S,choo\ \s N' are Completion· .\.\(\C. e r ' l"Teeway. -Wi\\ M S . D S \.. any , ecbons one Open Friday; tretcn 125 •1 L Is -ml es ong J a:; HAMIL'fON LAKE GOL.f' ·CLUB HOSTS MICHIGAN PGA TOURNEY THIS WEEK Church Open Each ·Day At Church �I -----------------·--- THE COMMERCIAL RECORD, THURSDAY, JULY SO, 1964 ----- ··---- Award Winners of All v·.enet"Ian EVent5 FollCJ1ving are fae pri~e winners on the afternoon and evening program of the Venetian F estival: Gold Bowl (Racine y.aicht race)L ~le Slaybaugh on "Lilttle Hafrue." Saug,atuck Yacht Club 11aces: U ghtning winner, "IB.3ilia.i Hai, " Skiipper I?ane Corbett. P :rtam winner, "6~ver Srtreak III," Skipper Mark M1tchell. Antiqu e autos: First, 1927 Packard of Steve Wilson, Kalamazoo; second, 1911 Owens of El~on Eby, Kaliamazoo; third, 1941 Lmcoln of Ly.le Jones, Saugart'Uck. Peddle boaJt race : fust, Boo Schoeneich; se:coild,. Bill Fiischer. Parade Winners , . Venetian Parade: ,first, ''Lov Ya Honey," O\vned i!J.y Mr. and Mns. Clyde Bat tjes of Grandville, with the theme "Champagne Music of Lawrenc-e Welk" ' Second: "Lillie iHanfrue," owned by Mr. a nd Mrs. LyJe Slay;baugh of Cl!imax, Mich. , portraying "Little ~ Mermaid' ' (m odel wl3S the Slay- I St. Joseph park crews fought a los,baugh's granddaugh ter ) . . ing b'aitrt:le to clear the be::i,ches of Honorable m en tions : " Engeldane," rt:housand,s •Jf dead ab2wives (ailso mvned by Robent N. Serg ea.nit:, Battle k nown as shad) fish pilin g up on the Creek ; entered and decora ted b y shores of Lake Michigan. students of the Summer Sc hool of Pa'inting; "Joannie J1a,m es," them e Removed by Truck Loads . "Jonah and the Whale," ente.red by Melvin Bauma n, !Benton Harbor Batt1e Creek Ba3.t Club; Bol:Joaibalu , l hea lth _officer , ordered two pUKJlic owned by Bob Wealer. swunmlD)g ar01s dosed. Bauma n Orga.Il!izait!i.on entries were, SaLbga- sa id tests w&re being made to detuck, Douglas, Charnlber of Com-,11ermine if the water has ibeen conmerce, Rotary Club. tammated by the endless flow of the ·- - - 1dead and r o1iti.ng fish. • • Crews removied the shad from lihe L. Michigan Shores b eaches by the truck load but fresh I ~aves of dead fish conti~ued washI mg ashore. Se 3. gu~, :which norm~y e~ ' ew1ves 1y eat the dead f1sh , nested on lS!Dead ·ailewives are in the midst of lands off shore and ignored 1!h!em. their -die-0:ff and are lilttering the west coast of Mtchigan. for long ICE CREAM SOCIAL stretches. In previous rep.or ts they w,ere said to be cluttering the beachThe Saugatuck Methodist Church · es Ill.'inois iand Wisconsin. will g,i•ve its annual ice cream soci'al Condttions off the Sauga·tuck and the old fashioned kind-this 'I1hursDouglas beac-h:es are said not to be day evening at 6 o'clock. They will as bad as to the scuth. In some east- serve homemade pies and o3.ke, ceild ern areas of Lake Michigan the dead drinks, coffee and the im'P'Jrtant ice fish were in windrows. cream. I +--,---------------------+ j j i_ '1 i ij A Re d-Hot I = I I I at h t e ff_ - I NICE COOL LONDON SHOP I THE LONDON SHOP I i Open Evenings MIRO MOTEL Air Conditioned. . ... $5.00 Serving Fu\\ Breakfast and Lunch THE SURREY B e u d a s ,_ As Low as .. 'I' tn OF SAUGATUCK And stll\ a te.w 'Roo. ~ \ s \ e.\\ \o,:: ~\\.~ Ohnsunas THE Ca,::~s i!.r() $"3.00 c () L n N\~~\s. m'. BLUE TEMPO "SAU .GA TUCK'S FUN SPOT" HELD OVER SAT1JRDAY FRJDA Y SUNDA Y cccacccccccccccccccccccccccccc ·NANCY MYSNER Jazz V oc~list DIRECT F1ROM; TORONTO, CANADA cccccaacccccaacaccaaaaccccaacc -. -. PLUS ···• SATURDAY & SUNDAY Jazz Sessions at 5:00 p.m. MANY TOP MUSICIANS I = ! j +-------•--•-----•---u--•-- · - --+ .... $9.90 . :- I 1 l l l SAUGATUCK [ . DOUGLAS SkirtsDown to ... 1 I Shifts ·and Dresses As Low as 1· _ Restuarant SURREY SUMMER SPECIALS j 1 I On Both Sides Hit B D __"d Al . 1 sa e THE BLUE TEMPO Jazz Comb ,o Bob Snyder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -. Bass Popeye . ... .. . ..... : . . . . . . . . . P1"an Curt Purnell . . . . . . . . . . . . Sax & Vocal Freddie Plummer . ..... _ . . . . . Drums Sandwiches ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coffee · .· · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Bee r & Wine �·VANDENBERG M.?TORS; INC. JOHNSON'S FLORAL & GIFT SHOP Used Cars PERSONALLY SELECTED' AUTOMOBIU5 AT 1957 CHEV. 4 -Dr. , Wagon v-8 With Stick. 1956 CHEV. 4-Dr . , 210 With ' Stick. 1955 FORD Convert. 1954 PONT~ With Stick. 2-1953 CH;E!V. Sticks. 1953 FORD 6 with stick. 1953 CAD. 4-Dr. TRUCKS 1958 FORD F-350. 2-1955 CHEV. 3/4 Ton 1955 CHEV.1/2 Ton 1954 FORD 1/2 Ton 2-1953 CHEVo 3/4 Ton 1952 CHEV. Wagon 1950 CHEV. 1/2 Ton Pickup. 1949 CHEV. 1/2 Ton 1949 FORD 1 Ton 3-CHEV. Panels. 1957 FORD F-600. 1956 FORD F-350 Cab & Chassis 1955 CHEV. 6400 with power lift tail gate. 1953 & 1955 CHEV. 11/2 Ton Insulated SUBURBAN MOTOR SALES 1190 SaWashingtOll Holland Phone EX-6-5241 BUICK-RAMBUS-OPEL Better Buy Used Cars '60 RAMBLPB Amb. Wagon 343 E. 8th Holl and White Demoo.$3495 Qc,-'W~ Phone EX-6- 5203 • , 59 RAMBI.m Super 1959 PLYMOUTH Belve Wagon ••••••• $1995 der e Sedan . •58 BUICK Century 21959 FORD Cust om Dr. Hardtop, Sedan . Green.0.0000$1995 1959 BUICK I nv i cta '57 RENAULT 4-Dro Sedan. Sedan •• 00•00$ 845 !959 CHEVROLET Bi s '57 MERCURY 2-Dro cayne Sedan. Hardtop 1958 PLYMOUTH Savoy Cor a l. o . o o o .$1195 228 Western Ave.,Ph.OR-3-4408,Allegan 2-Dr. ' 57 OLDSMOBILE 88 41958 MERCURY Montere;v Dr . Hardtop Tudor. Cor a l •••••• o.$1595 ',1 958 MERCURY Sedan. ' 57 BUICK Spe cial 1958 FORD Custom Hardt op Green & 300 Sedan. White • • •• o•• $1595 1958 RAMBLm Sedan. ' 57 FORD 8 Fordor 1958 CHRYSLm WindWagon Two Tone sor Station Brown •••• o •• $1295 Wagon. ' 57 BUICK Spe cial 2_1 958 CHEVROLEI' ½ Ton Dr. Sedan Two Pickup o Tone Blue o •• $1495 1958 TRIUMPH Sedan . ' 56 BUICK Spe cial 21958 MORRIS Pickup. Dr • Hardtop Rust 1958 CHEVROLET Brook& White o o o o 0$1095 wood Station ' 56 BUICK Special 4Wagon . Dr. Hardtop 1958 BUICK Century Black ••••• o.$1095 · Sedan . ' 56 OLDSMOB ILE Holi• 1957 FORD ½ . Ton Pick day 88 4-Dr. Vans. up. Hardtop Re d.$1295 1955 CHEV; ;3/li1957 CHRYSLER Windsor '56 OLDSM O BILE 88 Ji.Stake. Sedan. Dr .Sedan Two Tone 1.95'2. "FORD 1. Ton QU\lll\ DRUMS l951 "BU1.C"K. S-pecial "Blu.e •••••• u ~ ~95 Dual Wheels. Seo.an. ' 56 "PL"Th\OUTB. 4-Dr o GARY AU.EN JOE PATION l95l INTERN'L. l956 01.DSMO"BilE BB "Wagon "Blu.e & ~AOKSONVD..LE, FLA· DETROIT 1947 CHEV. 12 :ft. Sedan. Wb.ite.000 000$1095 Stake. 1 56 CEEVROIBr 4-Dr o 1956 PLYMOUTH Belve8 yd. gravel dere Convert . Wagon Green & box with 1956 STUDEBAKER White .000 000$1195 hoist. SAX Commander Sedan . ' 56 PLYMOUTH Be l - 41956 FORD Convert . Dr.Green & RONNIE FIELDS 1954 PLYMOUTH Beli.re Whit e e ,1, 8 95· • .P NEW YORK dere Convert . ' 55 CHRYSLER 4-Dr l Mile West Of' ..,u............l l l B I H ~ 1954 OOICK Special Sedan Two Tone East Saugatuck Store ~ - ; ; : . . ; ~:::. 2-Dr. Hardtop . Green oooo•••$ 895 Ph.Hamilton SK-12683 FEATURED 1954 CEEVROLET Bel ' 55 BUICK Supe r 4-Dr FOR SALE: Used Mower BASS Air Sedan. Sedan Grey. 0$ 795 VOCALIST New Idea,Used Loaders .1953 OLDSMOBILE 88 '55 BUICK Spe cial 4POU.Y GORDON Dearborn, Wagner JOHN ALLEN 2-Dr . Hardtop . Dr. Se dan HOLLAND CHJOA OO D . , avis & Ferguson,Used 1953 PONTIAC Cht ef' Ye llowo. o. 0 0 $ 895 ** r r r r n ~ Balers. New Wheel tain Sedan . ' 55 PONTIAC 870 4-Dr. Horse Suburban Trac1953 CHEVROLET Bel Sedan Two Tone tors $399.50 & up.New Air 2-Dr. Blue oooooo• $ 745 Wagons. Your Ford 1951 FORL ½ Ton Pick~ '5 5 PONTIAC 870 4-Dr Tractor & New Holland . up . Se dan Green Two "House of Music" 1 Dealer. 1948 FORD l½ T . Stak e Tone • • • o • • • 0$ 795 SAUGATUCK ' 55 PONTIAC 870 2-Dr. · FOR SALE : 12 ' Pl ywood Green ••• eo . . $ 695 Boat,5½ Johnson Motor '55 BUICK Special 4Trailer • Hamilton SK- , 4 Dr o Green°'".$ 745 ~ , ~ Ph.Holland EX-2-9020 -~ ~'1 . ;, · 5 CHEVROLET 21.0 2_6 2 South 12oth Avenue, 1-2714 after 4 P .M. KEN BRANDERRORST . Dr • Seda.n Two BOYS''-::;;B;:;:I;:;:CY;;;:C:;:;:I-;;.FS~G::IR=:-'.IS::-:,:----'·--...::~:-::...__ _ _ _ _ I FOR SALE: Welch Pony, HOUSE FOR RENT ON 4th ' Tone Blue • • $ 575 Good condition; AKC FOR SALE: Daschund gentle. Saddle & St~ Adults pr ef erre d . 53 CHEVROI.ET Bel Air Toy Manchester Breedpuppies,2 mos. old, bridleo ½mio s. of Inquire at 303 4th 2-Dr o HardtoT\ ing Service, also for AKC Regia t ered. Phone Oak land Store or 4 m~ St •, Allegan . Blue.ooo •• .I:'$ 345 i Beagles• Ph• So .Haven South Haven 810-W • E • of Overisel .AI.FRED 1200 16 WK.OID PULLETS , 53 BUICK Super 4-Dr 1887W. __ _ _ _ _ _ after 5.i.._weekdays. ARENDS EN. FOR SALE o UDYD IAMPEN ', • Sedan Grey ...$ 295 Phone Your Ads To IAKESHORE FTASHE l mi.E . of Overisel R#3 53 CHEVROLET Bel Air .LJl"I. S OR-3 - 2141, All~gan Holland . ' . · 4 -Dr oSeda.n Two --·-· JOHN OETMAN O O ••• 0 II 0 THE BLUE TEMPO ~~ 0 HOLLAND TRACTOR SALES 1 ------------ Tone Blue~ •• $ 395 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-BlueTempo_0008 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1964-07-30 Title A name given to the resource The Commercial Record - July 30, 1964 Description An account of the resource Volume ninety-six and issue thirty-one of the community newspaper, The Commercial Record, serving Saugatuck-Douglas since 1869. The newspaper is dated ast Thursday, July 30, 1964 and has a variety of articles covering the winners of Venetian Events from the Festival of the same name. Events highlighted are related to automobiles and parade winners. Additionally, articles cover an ice cream social, a closing of public swimming pools, as welll as dead alewives littering the shores of Lake Michigan. Additionally, there are a variety of advertisements surrounding the articles, the biggest of which is one for The Blue Tempo. Articles cover the Venetian Festival and growing crowds, the opening of "My Fair Lady" at the Barn Theatre, the near completion of Douglas School, an opening of a Church Arts Show, stringent rules for Labor Day Weekend proposed by citizens, the opening of the I-96 Freeway, as well as the hosting of the Michigan PGA Tourney by the Hamilton Lake Golf Club. The advertisements cover The Blue Tempo Jazz Club, E.R. Launderette, Furniture, and the Forest Grove Mill. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich) Douglas (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich) Community newspapers Gay bars Summer theater Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the Saugatuck Douglas History Center as part of the Stories of Summer project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8feec80b1219f510da502eaa80343826.pdf e32c1cee284f0fb8c97ff0a9a1df263d PDF Text Text T1HE COMMERCIAL R EOORD, F R IDAY, NOVEMB\E!R 4 1960 ------------------------ -,, Ed Bartz, and Dr. ,a nd Mrs. K. c. Lawrence, Lawton, Martin a;:id Mi'ller; director, Mrs. Helen Saugatuck. Brown, and Mrs. Duncan Byrd, - - - g ;t:_ Sauga tuck. ass•iS'tant director. The regular m eeting -~f ':he Ga r - them stayed in bed for thise cxr.Dhe group will meet to prac1 den Club and Jean Tcr.::n group ! tra· m inutes of sJeep they thoug\Jt t ice the Thanksgiving P lay each A beautiful ranch style horn<! opened with the son~ 'Law of t hey co~ld get. . . Saturday afternoon from 2 to 5 on 12 acres inclµding over 800 I Campfire." !Mrs. B y r d then I tA b risk morning h ike down to at t he .America n Legion H all . feet on blacktop road a t the edge helped them with tlm!r Indian , t he river was t he begjnn:ng of the 1dances for the Thanksgiving pl-ay, · day. The girls found deer and of !Douglas. '3 bedrooms, large living room with fireplace, carpet ed and their leader. Mrs. Brown, 1 r a1bbi-t tFacks and followed them ALL-STAR TEAMS DRAW and draped. Full basement. 2-car taught them Indian wo•:tl ; for a d'or quite a while before los ing BAN OF AL-VAN LEAGUE song and dance. Mter tlhe meet- ;ithem in t he woods. After the hikP. Members of the Al-Nian league garage, sun room, enclosed breeze-, ing, t he group went ou'· to the ! and a J,a te br eakf.ast, cleianup and voted art: their October m eeting to way. Extra large kitchen wit11 1.Jasek farm a nd r es.;r~ for their · inspection was held and then th~ discominue all Al!l-Star teams of plenty of cabinets. 'Automatnc nil 1 campout. They were assisted with !whole group t ook off on a --cross- the .AJ~Van league for the ensuing heat . AIWllings. Cement drive. Ex.,. pensively landscaped. $7,500.00 transportation by :'.'Ir· .• and Mrs. ,j'c ountry". h ike. They also collected year. down will handl'e. ·w ilson and Mr. SlMe{ter. moss, dried weeds and flowers for The action was unanimous, ac1 . ' After ba:ving dinner and getting 1-a winter boquet and found many cording to Dale Winter , of SaugThe indiv~dual insurance needs and settled, the group played game,. J interesting things they could use 811:uck High, secretary-1:reasurer of prolilems ·of ea.ch client set· him About midnight, th:;,:,, had anofr.cr I as specimens for their next gar- the league. a_par.tJrom the crowd. Before recPHONE U L 7-7271 h3mburger "fry" a!1:i a marsh- , den sihow. On tJhe way back to , [..eague members include Covert, "Qmtnending an insurance program DOUGLAS, MIOH· mallow roast, after which they Icamp, the girls stopped at the Bioomingdale, Fennvi1:.le, Gables, -u :n ·single policy-we anal)',!e played more games and t hen fi- Lasek fam1 to t>hank them for the <>urdient'sparticularcircumstances nally bunked in. The next morn- use of the resort and sang songs • • • .then develop a sound, ecollOrni<:al plan that will provide the dng was "rise and shine" for mo-st for fhem. Pf.Qper protection without. (OJtiy of the girls, however, a few of The Torchbearers then went on N ov. 11, 191!0 Starting at 5:30 P.M. 'CO'Dn'agt oon-lapping. May we proahead and blazed a trail back to "1idc.this aervice to you?. - - - - - - - - - - - - - . camp for the rest of the girl;;, a~er which they had dinner and a ·meeting, and al:l of the girls IF IT'S A QUESTION OF (ANNUAL AUTUMN DINNER) made maps of their hikes and INSURANOE, SEE US drew up a list of safety rules for at the N·e w Richm,o nd Methodist Church -camping and ·hiking . .Election of , . officers was held since the Garden · : C lub has now reached its quota Children $ •75 Adults $1.25 318 Butler St. · Ph. UL 7.5491 ' for membership. The fotlowing Saugatuck, Mlchlgau were elected officers: Annette Bekken, presidem; Beverly Bu tRepresenting th~ Hartford Fire ler, vice president; Pat Hebert, Insurance Company . • Answer. ·I secretary; Nancy Draipak, treasGroup • . urer; Marianne 'Van Dis, corgal. 69c 1 re~onding . secretary; Roberta Wilson, assisting corresoonding , secretary; Cindy Brown, firs.t aid for i consultant, with Laura Miller as: sisting ; Peg, He-b ert, general chair- ' .I , man o f committees· sponsors-, ' Mrs. Dodie Wilson, Mr. and Mrs. S u~:!YB~:·in~ inner 1Jhis . week, 1 JUNIOR GARDEN CLUB HAS ( AMPOUT; ANNETTE BEKK[N NAMED PRESIDENT Price .Reduced $1500 ·I Our clients' needs get :special attention I I I Ev Thomas, Broker Got A Problem? Call UL 7-5728 Henry B. Hopper J..: AL JOHNSON. Can Give You the . I, FRESH CIDER MILK NOTICE 3 APPLES $1.00 bu. $1.25 up 50 lbs. POT A'TOES 'There will be no business transacted at the Fruit Growers State Bank Tues- PLENTY OF SQUASH day, Nov. 8, Election Day and November 8 A.M. TO 6 P.M. DAILY THUBSDAY: 8 A.M. TO 12 NOON SUNDAY: 9 A.M. TO 7:00 P.lJ.I . 11, Viete.ran's Day, .l egal holidays. 7he Old Countrv . Store Saugatuck Dingleville Oorners Riverside Fa.rm 1R. LUNDGREN Heating and Sheet Metal 127 Water St. Phone UL 7-5601 Douglas, Mich, State Senator D,e mocrat Conversion Units New Installations Veteran - ... Gas and Oil -INQUIRE ABOUT OUR CHIMNEY LININGS- FREE ESTIMATES OTTO J. ROLLER Business M.an Honest-Relin.ble--Experienced Positive Action , For: The SmalJ Fanner The Small Busine ss The Working Man THE BLUE TEMPO • - House- of•- USIC ... BY POPULAR DEMAND SATURDAY, NOV# 5 Dance to the Music of . .. • TERO MENDEZ AND HIS B AND DIR,E CT FROM MUSKEGON 9 P.M. TILL .. -•- VOTE REPUBL CAN NO .. 8, 1960 To, Retain Local Control, Village, C i t y, Township, School D istrict and County G overnment. -COMING- SUNDAY, NOV 6 R. C. H ughs and his "MISFITS" Hamm ond O rgan - Drums - Guita..r - OOME & ENJOY THE SHOW ~-•- Friday Night 1- Sax - Bass IDANCING local Talent Night OPEN WEEKDAYS AT 7:00 P.l\f. TILL ? BENE- L HMAN SAT· & SUN. OPEN AT NOON 27" T.V. CANDIDATE STATE R,E P RESENTATIVE THE BLUE TEMPO • � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-BlueTempo_0013 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-11-04 Title A name given to the resource The Commercial Record - November 4, 1970 Description An account of the resource Interior page of the Saugatuck-Douglas community newspaper, The Commercial Record, dated Friday, November 4, 1960. Articles feature the Junior Garden Club hosting a campout, a ban of All-Star teams of the Al-Van League, and the price reduction of a ranch-style home. There are advertisements for businesses as well as ads encouraging voting for State Senator and Representative candidates. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich) Douglas (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich) Community newspapers Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the Saugatuck Douglas History Center as part of the Stories of Summer project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a601b9f5b7c43ad1e9951fcac664e2ea.pdf c236c1b040d615df58eda8bfc18f6bb1 PDF Text Text l- _... --- VOLUME• NINETY-SIX SAUGATUCK. MICHIGAN. THUU,SD -\ Y . SEP f J1~~IBgR ::l. , 91:4 NUMBER THIRTY-SIX ' ROWDIES .FACE TOUGH POLICING SWEDISH THROUGH LABOR DAY WEEKEND ~~~:0 CHORALE : 0!~~E RE-NOMINATE GILMAN· ANDREWS DEFEATS GREIG .BY 9 VOTES - - - - · ·- - - - _ fo the only race. on the township Saugatuck High 'School last SaturRepub,liican ticket in , ..-the primaries . . . , . uay mg ht' W as ti1 e scene of a cul. tural ,exc,.l-iange. program a t th eir. Mondar, towns~ip clerk Charles H. l~g:es . . It is th': ' traditional' ." 1~st .. very. finest. The Swedish Yout h Ch. Gilman. handily defeated Marshall il11pg" after!. whJch the vacaibionmg . . , . , . 11 b. b 'k . h 1 . . ' . . orale present ed one of the very fin1 , e Greene ,for ·. r·a-~omm'~-.... on m' both pop.ulation _ wi . e . ac m . sc oo or VJ · -.aiu. est concer ts ever £)resent ed iri t bis _ .. 'J . · Saugatqck and Douglas. In all other .Sr.ugatuck the .JOb. is prepared . for a hor, · .the • yourrg . . ages in ,area, The _·other day Lyle Anderson . , _of ,..•eQ" . ""' • " lJ.i.;_ .- o"',rce·s . '.ltl:-a '"Cum"~n..,. For fry ·•of all ... ~.., ,., •.u ·"" = . . and .the unmed'11he group, .made up . of some 57 Kalamazoo, commodore of the de . of young punks somewhat: 1ik e Sa ugatuck, Douglas h ' f,iSmh wer e unop~os ed. . . In th. e CO""ty ....._. , the the Fourth of July in.filux, After· con- iate ·areas ..:..:. kinder.ga rte ners · to young men and women from St ock- ~a,pore Ya.~ t Club, got o~t JS . s - ' hot race was for· p,:oseclitor. · holm, Sweden, sang and danced . mg rod, bai:ted a hook :with a piece . . · • · . sider-'lble talk of "getting tough" seniors - next week is IT. Then oi a hotdog and dropped it into Kal- . Gilman _puµed 18~ votes m Dougth with . them, .:: plan of action had beeri comes the opening of another school 1:!heir way into e hearts of every l d G n h d 118 I Sauga m ember of the standing room only amazoo I..iake from his boat, Lydee,, as .an ree e a · n .. deveJoped . Putting ilt into effect will year. Ther e also are Christmas and t "'- s· M · ·· •t\lck· Gi1man was 209 and Greene audiience- Their choral numbers la rne mgapore a-rma . . · , ·- ~ • ' IJP. an ;iu gmented Saugatuck police Thanksg:ving ahead , but these are . . . . 1.36. Unopposed and renominated · · Q d . depa rtment, deputies from 1:!he coun- haJJ.)lpier occasions for· the · whole lot wer e pol!ished to pertection and thell' . hBefore long. 'bh' there were md1crutions th . k were p1., w.1 ua e as supervisor, 0 ~ b e noo · George. Drought as treasurer, Vic .t y sherif.f 's. office and State .Police. of them. folk da.nce numb ers , c-ornpleite witalh ~ a t . s~me. :~ .;as .gh : The villa ge .tr:µ_;;te.es <oi Saugatucl,{ Pr,eliminary Ito 1bhe opening of naitive coSturne, wer e education uspec ng ai 1 mi , _e a card p, Egelkraut as ,trustee, Erv Kasten, and ver-y enter taining. (Most of. the -Lyle slowly worked the 1iri~ towar, s S . •• .. th M . have : compo_s~ .t pe 0 fpl1o,w.ing staite- classes this week iis the opening of . h' ho t th ( thin ) r ., as Jusuce o, e peace, r aune m ~rrt on ·»hat ·•t he· ·••1,,,,{:-,filmg" el~-. the book stores. For •the hio:h · school, audience was roaring W1th laughter di'.sd a1..,..al s ulelin carpinor some t gh Herbert as ronstaible. ,,,.., "" at the hurnerous antics of several a k Le P g. a mom en e . m ent may e~~ct arid'' "tel.eased" it it will be this Thursday and Friday of the m embers) . h ad it near enough to the surface ... . On the m edical care faclu1ty, both · to ' "the press ,- this.·1.\1esday:.. . (Sept. 3 <).nd 4) . On both di'.3.y s the to see wh;,.t he had hooked. villages vo1Jed favornlbly: Saugatuck ... ' . c1·tt'•;;.en""Study ·P_fobt'em hours will be 9: 00 a.m. to 12 noon , 'I'hose who missed this concert .,,., 49 ~- " 125 D .,=1 u f It was C'""" · It was no bcl.l~ ,wu:_.Uli ll. yes no, oUJE,Las ' 'Rowdies who fiQ.utJ,h~)a~ in the and 1: 00 to 4: 00 p.m. cel11lainly missed a :performance o ~ ,,, th 145 d 138 On. th ~~~e qual;:h, The ~~up was h e"ld. But it was a young northern Wlimilla • yes an s ~ .... nok• had ,! Very (Se th 8) Tuesd t 1.u,;;, Then, next ay P . e ""·'....., · · .,.v aug01 .... resort village of Saugatuck, Mich· M" hi this r pike some 15 inches Long! On ·a ge 15sue , . c igan, can expect a quick response opening schedule gets ilts start as sponsoreel m ic ' gan summe s 1:¼ no· Douglas had 140 yes •b v the You".. For Under,.,..anding weiner! It went b.a<:k into the wat.er . Y e ' ' · · ' 138 " 11 "' " f rom a gre.a.itly augmen, ted State, the facul,ty meets from 9: 00 a .m. t o J ' · ..: · function For . Bihl Vande Berg of Hohl.and no. Sheriff, ar.d local police forces for 12 noon, From 1:30 to 3: 30 in· the A ssoma ....on whose prunary · · · the ..~,po nsorshl"' Andrew s ·1 0 ""---·t the coriunJ Labor Day weekend, afternoon itihere will· be :registration JS " o•"- student ex - iit was a different story. He was us~ Wln with strict- enforcement of sta.te f:or grades K tlhrough 6 at the Doug- ohange programs be'tween the U.S. ing _a "red eye " antifioial lure a~d Hot race in the county was for law~ and foea.l ordiin~es, especial; 1~ ··El~nllari -,'Schopl , and grades and Europe. · ~ g from a boait near th e bm<l- .proseculiµlg attorney with incumbent Iy regardir.g alcoholic beverages and 7 througih 9 lalf. Sa.ugaifuck Hi;gh. Also · Saugatuck High School will be a ge. H'.s ~atch would gra~e any tr,,bl!! · Art~ws bare1y , no~ing out Greig, loitermg· ,on Tuesday, .the high school book cooperative memlber of the group for his ,wo north ern pile•.! were 10 3735 to 3726. '!1here m:ay be a re"Youths o! college .and high schoo1 store will be open 9:0Q a .m. to 12, this y~ as Miss Gunnel Gradin of anJ 11 pounds and both rr-ore 1lhan count asked. age are finding this holiday Viillage· 1: 00 to 4: 00 p.m. • Sweden will be enrolling as a·-stu- 34 innches long. Sherii!f Whitcomb won ~om.ina~ increasJngly unatti-actwe- to their un .,. First Vla._<;sCS Phursday den t m Sa.u.gatuok High School. She d on for Umt o.t'.t!ice ow::r Sclm!i .by inhibLted dc:Structive .hi-j.µ]ks since These pre1jnJ.ina.rles will ,b e con- wJJJ· be living w:ith Mr. a.nd · nMs. SLNCLA.IB STA.TION to ~ .Ben L,al.znuur 8 vvte at' ~ the Memorial Day and July Fourth ooued Wednesday (Sept. 9). There William · Allen while she is here. TO AID HOSPITAL with 2800 had no trouble with Root weekend disturbances. will be reglistration h'om 9:00 a.m. _____ Stanley Nowak, of the Sinclair wd.th n ~ . for 8';ate r e-presentati.v;e, A citizens committee appointed by to 12 noon - grades K through 6 at Service Stia~ on on US-31 in Douglas, ibut returns from :the rest of the President Lynn McCray to study the Douglas, and grades lO fu.rough 12 and his customers, will give the district m ay change this. Elly Petproblems has made several recom- at Saugatuck. Thel'le will be la facCommunity Hospital a h~ing hand erson was favored fur the U.S. Senrnenct'.3.tions to the village board. ulcy meelting from 1:00 to 4:00 p.m. .t his weekend. On Saturday, Sunday a te ag_a inst two men, and Cong. Ed No Night Con~t The high school book s tore will be and Monday (Sept, 5, 6, 7), Stan Hutchinson was unopposed. R.om" 1 oo The Saugaituck-Douglas Chamber 9 00 t 12 , and .i:rom : will o:ive 4 cents on each gallon of iney won in a runaway against his "These suggestions include a open : a .m. 0 of Commerce is now engaged in its e;t 4 00 gasoline purchaJSed rut :the station to rival Riooins. change in traffic pattern, strict traf- o : st p.m. d f sch001 1 f annual membershlp drive, seelcing O .., , r ay c asses or ~e Hos~;":-al. The money will go to County wise the medical center fic cnfo::-cement and parking regure-newals and new members from P"" d 1 thro h 12 ill be Th · ug w · urs:b uy beds, wheelchairs or other neds lost 4062-3320, as also did the millage lati,Jr,s to keep fire lanes open at all gra es day, Sept. 10, with the first day for fue area. of the institution· Nancy Fosdick, issue, 3862-3677. limes . The annual meeting for th e elec- the Saugatuick-'Douglas 1964 Queen In this predonderately Republican "In line with this thrinking, Jus- kindergartener,s on Friday (Sept. tion of the board of directors will be wjU help Stan celebrate this occas- county, Pemocra,ts had a slate of tice Erv. Kaslten, Sr., has announc- 11). Toan Swaiffer, principal, will be held Thursday,, Sept. 17, in the Sau- ion. unopposed candidates . .ed ihat Justice court will be open available to discuss indiv.idu,al schgatuck Village Ha ll. The new board from 9 a.:m. to 5 ip.im. daily, ex.cept Sun·rnys tnd holidays, and that l.aw eduJe problems on Thursday 1: 00 - will elect officers for the ensuing year. vfolators brough/t in after 1:!hese 4:00 and Friday 9: 00 - 12: 00. hours be required to post bond or · be jailed until the jusitice orders their appearance for trail. This The Summer School of Painting "The Burial of the Year," which m etans those arrested Saturday at at Ox~Bow has closed after ,a most has been a tradition since 1931. This other hours will have a weekend in successful 54th year. Classes con- pageant, though similar to many 1 jail tinued tl1roug,b Friday in sculpture, others. was built arow1d the laying "S~ate, county and local aUJthorwhi:ch had been taught by Freeman of. a concrete platform in front of SOHEDULE 1 9 6 4 itics J1avc estimated that at least ived numerals. To ibolSter thiis SchoolClla.ft who is now recuperating the lovely fireplace and c.h.imne-y 2,000 of the unruly crowd over the gr,aup are l8 new ca ndidates bidding from a coronary aflt.ack in Commun- which alone remains as a symbol of Sept. 18 - Hopkins • here Fourth were under-age youths, They for startin,g positions. ity Hospital, were finished by Mr. flhe old studio (torn down three (D.ay's Day) advise the parents of this age group P en and Mr· Fike. ye~ ago) where so many happy acSept. 25 - Lawton - there Problems Face Coaches to come to the vil]a,ge with their High!y successful this yeiar were tivities have taken place. Oct. 2 - Martin • here children, to keep them home, or be The major problems fa cing the the two courses re-introduced into This fireplace platform and this (Homecoming) prepared to come and gett them if coaching staff are the qul~lleJ:1b ack tl1e curriculwn: photography under year's tai>lat .in stone marks, .it is Oct. 9 - tLa.\tTence - there pos~tion a s well ias the interior line. Wal'lace Kirkland and jewelry under hoped, a new era of expansion for they get in trouble. Oct. 16 - Gobles - here "State and local Police are preWith ,1:Jhe Joss of last y.ears MVP Phlillip F ike, which, with the sculp- the Summer School of Painting at Oct. 23 - Fennville - there Tom Sowers through graduation and ,t ure classes added a craiftts atmos- Saugatuck. Much interest h:a.s been pared to crack down on all lawlessOct. 30 - Open Dave Baker because of a summer pher e to the school which broaden- shown by Saugatuck residents who ness on the comirrg La:bor Day Nov. 6 - Bloomingdale - there w:ol1k: injury, <the Indians are left eel its scope, painting Jravmg been have visited and have become inweekend." The Saug,aituck Indians opened without a n eX!perienced quant:eribaok. dominating for the last few years. form€d of t!he school's program. foo11ba!ll ipraictice J.ast Monday movn- Vieing k filU the ,g ap are J. Tiffany, '11his was largely due to the return Wlith the closing of school for this MRS. MARY J. DISHER PASSES ing with 35 lboys iappearing, which B. Vaughti11 a.-id M. Str.empel. The of E lsa U1bricht who believes that season,, plans are already in forAWAY IN COMMUNITY HOSPITAL is ,the Iw,gest ,t urnout lfor l[,ootbaU at other majm· weakness is the interi 1r ·1€' scope of work in any art pro- mation for t:ne fi:11ty-llith season. Mrs. Mlary J, Disher o'f 135th Saugatuck I-Di~ Soho:ol. The Indians line ,vith the guard a ~d ce nter po- gr am should include as many as pas Street, passed away art: Community play an otfiiciaJ. lea~e schedule for sitions being hotly cm,tesbed amo'.lg s ible of the expressive arts, She he1·- MAPLEWOOD TAXIS s elf, with t he help cxf Rachel F.au- SOLD TO FRED PURDY Hospital, Tuesday, Sept. 1, after suf- rtJhe mrst time and open lllhaiT season several players. Wii!th rllhe Indians first §ame less cettt, directed students in weaving Fred Purdy, who has been a drifering 9-' heart iattack Monday. Her aigaitnst last year's confe11ence dhlamthan three weeks aW1ay, the coach- and screen pl.1inting in the Mary ver IDF ithe Maplewood Taxis has body was ta.le-en to Fall River, S.D. ipions - Hopkins. Saiugaltuck w.i1I. be attempting to ing staff of Joe Domitrz and Wa1ly Street Studios. bought t!he operation from Lynn McWednesday for burj/a:1. Her daughter, Old Year Buried Cray and takes over on Sept. 8· He Mrs. Russell Fooce left Wednesday hnrprove on last year's 0-5-1 record H9.Jl!iord face a major task to have Many students and friends of the wd.11 have offices at the Casablanca a,iternoon ro attend the seiwices. and wiU •h:ave fue advantaige o'f hav- the boys ready for what appears ro The oNtuary wiN. app,ear in this ing two lettermen from last yeiar's be an inlteresttlng and ex'Ci.11ing sea- school returned for that last week iHotel and will be known as the Sausquad, and seven players who reoe- son. and many came for the final rites, gatuck Cab. paper nem week. Saugatuck and ·Douglas are looking forward to . I..iaibor Day weekend cr,owds ,t hat wiJ.l J.)13:Ck the twq vJl- · SCHOOL PRELJMS ' BEGIN· THURSDAY OPE·N NEXT WEEK · Year's Bes·t .Story - - H·otd og Hoo.ks Pik . e For L· Anderson = no I) ••~ == Membership Drive .Opened by Chamber = OX-BOW'S 54TH SEASON ENDS WITH SUCCESS NOTE; START PLANS FOR '65 INDIANS OPEN FOOTBALL PRACTICE WITH 1963 CHAMPIONS FOR OPENER �■ THE - - - - ·· - - - - - - ----------------- ----LOUNGE PLANS BJG COMl'\'IEROIAL RECORD, THURSDAY, SE PTE~IBER 3, 1964 ' BLUE TEMPO Kalamazoo public schools. . Norm Lamb, of Holland, 1s also A 7Z FESTIVAL • OVER WEEKEND . played playing the piano-vibes. He has JfiL with many jazz groups in 1' I . ill b l . I the nudwest. Ra] Ph LeW1S The Blue Temple Lounge p1ans a w e p aymg the big weekend over Labor Day wi.tlh trumpet. He has been playing_ the . Fred Plummer. drummer,, also an All-Star entertaiinment feat_uring I ~umpet pro~essionally a number . of 11s from Kalamazoo Plumm~r ap: many of the top jazz entertamers. mclud:mg w.th the Gr.and Rapids peared two summer at the Big Pa Among them will be Bob Nelson Symph..onyvilion witn Jens Jensen. who will be playing the piano-vibes. /Harry Orr of Kalamazoo will !J,e Bob Snyder, Grand Rapids, will Nelson played with many groups playing the clarjnet-alto sax. He j play th e bass and guitar. He has a round the Battle Creek-~alams.zoo I presently is with the Kalamazoo played with many of the tqp name area. I!Symphony and i$ teaching in the , groups throughout the United St.ates. I I I I I I I 'Tl-IE BLUE TEMPO ".SAUGATu ·c ·K ·'S .·. FUN SPOT '' PRESENTS LABOR DAY . WEEKEND, 1964 ':'Top Musical Entertainment" THURS., ·· FRI., SAT., _SUN., MON. ni~es, . 9:QO .P-"'1·. and JAZZ SESSIONS SAT., SUN., MON. at 4:30 P.M. . THE BLUE TEMPO . Jazz Comb •o Above James Mitchell -walks 'i n on Bruce Hall and Elizabeth Lee I in a warm emb_race in the adult comedy which closes .a t the Red Barn Theatre Sunday, September 6 'w\ith the final l)ertorm.a.nce _o l the season. I Bob Nelson ................ .. Piano Ralph Lewis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trumpet Harry Orr ·. . . . . . . . . Clari.net, Alto Sax Norm Lamb ............ Piano, Vibeg Freddie P\ummer .. . . . . . . . . . . . Dl'\lmg ~~\. ~"a..""'Jd.e.~ - • • • • • • • • - - • - • • • • ..., \\au. ---- PLUS ..... GIVING A -LUNCHEON . . A DINNER OR ,A BANQUET Many Noted Jazz Musicians 1Tbrougbout tbe Weekend Playing tbe 'Best in Jazz - Dixie - Dance \ LET US BE YOUR HOST We Serve Sandwiches - • Coffee - Choice Drinks Our Prices May Seem H igh! We Welcome You to , - But then 1 So is Anything of Value. DDDDDDDDDE3£3DDDDDCDDDDDDDDCCDDC Hamilton Lal{_e OPEN YiEAR RO ,UND Golf and Country Club with Live Music Fri., Sat., Sun. Sa~tuck, Michigan THANK ,Y OU FOR YOUR PATRONAGE and Helping •U s Keep Good ·M usic " LIVE" For An Elegant Atmos ·n ere All at the· Blue 'T empo thank our Many Custom ers KENNY, -GEORGE, 1PAT, JOHN;, BUTOH, MIOKIE, NANCY and JOHN to fit your need - large or small parties FOR RESERVATIONS - PHONE 857-2000 "THE BLUE TE MPO 1 IN SAUGATUCK LOU NGE" � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-BlueTempo_0015 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1964-09-03 Title A name given to the resource The Commercial Record - September 3, 1964 Description An account of the resource Volume ninety-six and issue thirty-six of the community newspaper, The Commercial Record, serving Saugatuck-Douglas since 1869. This issue is dated September 3, 1964 and has a series of different stories, sports news, changes in labor day weekend for schools, local politics, as well as local news of a death and Ox-Bow's 54th season. A spread which includes advertisements for the Blue Tempo, as well as news that the lounge plans to have a jazz festival. The advertisement features the different names which are performing at the festival. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich) Douglas (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich) Community newspapers Gay bars Arts centers Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the Saugatuck Douglas History Center as part of the Stories of Summer project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/22f17a57ffc8117870a7ac218c21fcee.jpg 6c9779a0caecdf54507958312524d2d6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Decorated Publishers' Bindings Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Description An account of the resource From the early 1870s to roughly 1930, many publishers issued their commercial book covers with a remarkable variety of graphic designs and illustrations. This sixty-year period saw many artists and designers contributing to this art form. While some can be identified from their style or initials, others remain unknown. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Michigan Novels Collection Regional Historical Collection Lincoln and the Civil War Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-30 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a>, <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source Seidman Rare Books. PS3512 .C65 1904 c.2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01_Bindings0163 Title A name given to the resource The Common Lot Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brennan, Alfred (Designer) Description An account of the resource Binding of The Common Lot, by Robert Herrick, published by Macmillan, 1905. Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1905 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives