889 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/417428d2d5fdc317369782343e68f7ff.pdf 43d13a3d31a9193b1383a0af6cabbbcc PDF Text Text Sola Deo Gloria: God Alone From the series: New Wine For Century 21 Text: Isaiah 45:22; Romans 11:36 Richard A. Rhem Christ Community Church Spring Lake, Michigan October 20, 1996 Transcribed from a tape recording of the spoken message. This is an exciting time for us as we re-imagine the Church; we have an opportunity to think again about the Church of Jesus Christ and what it means to be the body of Christ. Actually, we aren't the first to have that opportunity. In fact, we stem from a movement that was a total rethinking and reshaping of the Church of Christ, for, in the 16th century, the Church became reformed according to the Word of God in its Protestant manifestation and, although that had all of the tragedy of human cussedness, division and brokenness, nonetheless, the 16th century was a time in which the Church was re-imagined and it was reformed and there was a new vitality and life that flowed into the body of Christ. So, in this month of October, this month of Reformation, I thought it would be well for us, on the threshold of new beginnings as we search for that new wine for new wineskins, to revisit some of those great old themes that came to expression in that re-imagining of the Church in the 16th century. The theme of the morning is Sola Deo Gloria: To God Alone Be Glory. The glory of God was the very center of that movement of reformation, and the churches that flowed out of that rupture in the Church. The glory of God - all of life lived before the face of God and the totality of life lived for the glory of God. In the expression of the Westminster Confession which came a century later, after the Reformation itself, the first question and answer which some of you Presbyterians learned was, "What is the chief end of the human person?" The answer: "To glorify God and enjoy God forever." And so, that was very much a central theme that came out of that renewal of the Church. As we seek to find a fresh expression of that theme, we want to try to understand what it was that brought that renewal movement in the Church to that central focus on the glory of God. Sola Deo Gloria. The Protestant Church in its reformed expression has been particularly characterized by that theme, and that theme is perhaps identified not only with the reformed branch of the Protestant movement, but especially with John Calvin, the founding figure of the Reformed expression of the faith. When I say John Calvin, I suppose there are all kinds of images that are conjured up in your   © Grand Valley State University �Sola Deo Gloria: God Alone   Richard A. Rhem Page 2   mind because, although he is one of the truly great figures of the human story, I think no one has had a worse press than John Calvin. Perhaps this morning, as we revisit this theme, we can try to do some justice to Calvin, try to give a fair overview of this church leader, and also recognize that that which has shaped us in our past is something that we would not want to lose as we move into a future that is uncharted. The new wine and new wineskins, fresh expression - not simply a slavish imitation of that which has been said or thought or brought to expression, but nonetheless, the intention, the intention behind that central insight is as important for us as it was for them. All of life lived before the face of God, all of life issuing in the glory of God. The word glory has been cheapened. Everything is glorious, from an outstanding fielding play in the World Series to some great touchdown catch this afternoon in the National Football League. Everything is glorious nowadays. Words get coopted; they lose their original intention and meaning. The word glory is a word that we get from the Hebrew word, K_bõd, which means weighty, or heavy. The glory of God was an expression of the radiance of God, which conveyed the sense of the weightiness of God. I think we still understand that use of weight. That's a weighty thought, a weighty idea. Or, how do you weigh the suggestion that ...? Maybe we get an understanding of Calvin's sense of God's glory if we think about some of the youth language of our day when they say, "That's heavy." Well, in our Calvinist tradition, God was heavy – and heavy in the sense of weighty, in the sense of to be revered, because God, in God's godness, is beyond description, awesome. But also heavy in the sense that the shadow of God was cast over our lives, not always setting our feet to dancing, but often binding the human spirit. The heaviness of God creating, as it were, heaviness in the human person. As I look out over this congregation, I think I could call on any number of you who could tell me horror stories about how the heaviness of God marked you with a certain heaviness at some point in your Christian experience. As I said, John Calvin is one of the great spirits of the human story and probably has as poor a press as anybody. I am not here this morning to exonerate him from all of that which has been attributed to him over the centuries, but I do want to say that John Calvin in his heart was a pastor. He never was a theologian, per se; he never was a systematic theologian; he was, first of all, a preacher and a pastor and he had the lives of his people in Geneva on his heart. It was his intention to bring the greatness of God to bear on the lives of that people in order that their lives might be lived seriously and responsibly, fruitfully issuing in the glory of God. That was his intention at its best. The 16th century was a century of great unrest. It was not unlike our present historical period. Everything was in ferment. There were movements among the nations, the national groupings, ethnic groupings; there was economic ferment; there was social disruption and, obviously, there was the breaking apart of the established Church, the Roman Catholic Church. It was a time in which the foundations were being eroded. Calvin was a man, according to William Bouwsma, in his classic work, John Calvin, who was full of anxiety, torn between   © Grand Valley State University �Sola Deo Gloria: God Alone   Richard A. Rhem Page 3   the images of the abyss and the labyrinth. The abyss, for Calvin, meant that, as everything seemed to be shifting, there were no boundaries. The disorientation that comes into human life when there are no boundaries distressed him. He was afraid of that sense of free fall. He was a humanist scholar and that attracted him, and yet, all of that new ferment that was seething into life in the 16th century gave him great anxiety. But, on the other hand, the person alienated from God was entrapped in self-concern and that entrapment called the labyrinth, the image that Calvin used, also was something from which he wanted to steer clear, and so he found himself a person not without doubt and anxiety, seeking in his trust, his faith in God to find a standing place in the midst of that time that was full of turmoil. As a pastor, he was seeking to bring the impress of the image of Christ on his people. He did that with great seriousness. You cannot read Calvin, you cannot be exposed to any of that history without having that overwhelming sense that God was big for Calvin, God was heavy, and Calvin was serious. Calvin was a second generation, really. He was later than Luther. Luther's experience erupted in the Reformation and the Lutheran experience of grace we'll look at next week. It was a freeing experience; it was an experience of transformation. Calvin didn't ever have his toes tingle, wanting to dance. He was, however, very concerned to understand the Word of God and to know the will of God and he wasn't so interested in personal experience. He was far more interested in calling people to obedience, to the serious and responsible execution of the will of God and to live all life to the glory of God. I am not so sure I would have wanted to be a part of his Geneva. Krister Stendahl was here last week and, in the Perspectives hour on Sunday, he shocked me with an analogy that I never would have made myself. In fact, what he said in this Reformed Church - I would have thought the roof would have caved in, because, in talking about comparing religious faiths, he said, you know you have to compare apples to apples. For example, if you want to talk about John Calvin, you have to talk about the Ayatollah Khomeini, and I said, "Oh, my goodness, Krister! You may be a bishop, but that doesn't mean you couldn't go to hell for something like that!" But then I thought about it. Khomeini to us is a bad man, associated with all of the worst of Islamic fundamentalism, terrorism, with the coercive, forceful change of society. That's how I see him. But, if you are a devout Muslim who believes that the world has gone to rot and that its salvation lies in the transformation of society according to the serious Islamic code, then Khomeini is a man who is simply living out publicly in the political structures that which was the deep religious devotion of his heart. Yes, I would have to say I guess that's probably just exactly what John Calvin was about. John Knox, the Scottish reformer, came to Geneva and left, saying there has never been a more perfect school of Christ than the city of Geneva under John Calvin. I mean, the impress was there. It was worked at intentionally but, lacking the exuberant experience of grace of a Luther, having a tendency or a proneness toward legality and rules and obedience. That concern became, in   © Grand Valley State University �Sola Deo Gloria: God Alone   Richard A. Rhem Page 4   much of its expression, oppressive, and that's about as honest an appraisal as I can give it while at the same time recognizing that here was a pastor who was really concerned to have the image of Christ shaped on his people and on his city, and who was concerned to have all of human life under the aegis of Christ, to live all of life before the face of God. I only know Latin in a few phrases, and one of my favorites is Corum Deo, before the face of God. That was central to John Calvin. That carried right down through the generations - to live before the face of God, the whole of life. That means I don't take care of the Sunday obligation and then go out and carry on my business any old way I please. It means I don't do my ritual service and then carry on my personal life in any old way I please. It means that I don't have a closet, a compartment that is not accessible by the God before Whose face I live. That brings a certain seriousness into life. And God knows, most of us probably do better by living with a consciousness that we are living before the face of God, so that’s to the credit of that intention. And I would suggest that any new wine that we discover and any new wineskins into which we pour it we will want to give place for a fresh expression of what it means, on the threshold of Century 21, to live before the face of God. That being granted, we can also see that it is the God that we conceive of that will make the difference whether or not that life is one that is bathed in grace or one that is bound with legality. And that's the critical difference. Calvin gave us much. One of the things that he gave us that has so marked our tradition is that probing to know too much. Not unlike the apostle Paul who tried to figure out God's thoughts. He forgot the word of the prophet, the Word of God that came through the prophet that said, "My ways are not your ways; my thoughts are not your thoughts. My ways are higher than your ways, my thoughts are higher than your thoughts." Paul, in the midst of his ministry following his encounter with Jesus Christ, became the Apostle to the Gentiles. The Gentile mission was flourishing, but his own people did not see what he saw; they did not see Jesus as the Messiah. So here's Paul, the Jew, bringing the grace of God to the Gentile world, trying to figure out what it is with his own brothers and sisters. That's what he's struggling with in Romans 9, 10 and 11. I think Krister Stendahl is right; that's what the whole letter is about. Paul is trying to justify his bringing the grace of God to Gentiles, not demanding that they become Jews. Paul had that transforming insight - God is embracing the nations without the nations becoming Jewish. But, what about his own brothers and sisters? They didn't see it; they were blocked against what he saw in Jesus. And so he wrestles with it, not very successfully, I think. What he said in the passage we read is that the Jews were hardened against Jesus so that there would be a door open to the Gentiles, and then when the Gentiles come in, the Jews will be jealous and come in, too. He was trying to figure out what he, himself, knew was a mystery. He used the word mystery, but thought he understood the mystery. In fact, he was warning the Gentiles against pride over against the Jews. He said, "I tell you a mystery,   © Grand Valley State University �Sola Deo Gloria: God Alone   Richard A. Rhem Page 5   lest you become conceited." He knew it was a mystery, but isn't it human to try to "explain" the mystery, anyway? But, when he comes to the conclusion - a wonderful conclusion - all are disobedient that God may have mercy on all. That which was at the heart of Paul's experience was a God of grace who would not abandon and would not give up. So he comes to that conclusion of this broad swath of the grace of God, and then he throws up his hands and breaks out into doxology! Oh, the depth of the riches of the wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable his judgments, and his paths beyond tracing out! Who has known the mind of the Lord? Or who has been his counselor?... To him be the glory forever! Amen. (Romans 11:33ff) That is where John Calvin's insistence on the glory of God best comes to expression, in that worship when one is lost in wonder, love and praise. As our own mission statement says, "We live together in the awe of worship in the Presence of the Mystery of God..." John Carmody, in How to Handle Trouble, writes, The basic fact that we dwell in the midst of a reality we cannot understand has been my fulcrum. If we would get to the roots of our troubles, we must come to terms with our radical ignorance. We shall never master life as if it were a mathematical problem. We shall always need to cast ourselves upon its waters as pilgrims living by faith. The masters of spiritual life show us why we always depend on the mystery and how we may come to love our constant dependence. What I have loved in contemplation is the relief it offers. My mind clatters along, hour after hour, entering into the cloud of unknowing. Finally stops my mind. It is in that rare experience where our minds are blown (that's Krister Stendahl's definition for transcendence - that which "blows your mind"), that which is beyond our conceptual possibility, that which is the experience of the holy, that is the moment when we best bring glory to God. John Buchanan, the pastor of The Fourth Presbyterian Church of Chicago, tells the story of the Thanksgiving service that was held in the downtown area last year. He said it's a Monday night service and all of the pastors of the respective congregations come, and their families and a few friends, to support the ministers. But, as a matter of fact, it's on Monday night and it can't compete with Monday Night Football. A year before they had invited a Jewish congregation and that was fine. A few members of all the congregations were there again. And last year it was their turn and they decided to invite also an Islamic group and a Buddhist group. He thought to himself, "What are we doing? Are we just trying to spice this thing up? After all, we'll never make it anyway; it's the Dolphins against the 49ers tonight, you know." But, he said, he gave the greeting, and the Catholic priest from the cathedral read a lesson and the Buddhist a litany, and then an   © Grand Valley State University �Sola Deo Gloria: God Alone   Richard A. Rhem Page 6   Islamic chanter went to the lectern and, in rich, melodious tones in his beautiful voice, began to chant in Arabic lessons and prayers from the Koran. Buchanan said it was amazing. Something happened in that congregation worshiping - they were moved. The rabbi's sermon followed, and then a soprano sang Leonard Bernstein's "A Simple Song." He said afterwards, "We all knew that something had happened!" It had occurred in the beautiful chanting of an Islamic cantor, in a foreign language to most, from another culture, but something that transcends our thinking, that touches us deeply, moving us out of ourselves, bringing us to what Paul must have meant when he said to God be glory forever and ever. In the face of this thing I can't figure out, in the face of this tragedy that I'm struggling with, in the face of the difficulties of life that seem so overwhelming - finally there comes that moment of being lost in wonder, love and praise, when from the depths one expresses what is the intention of one's life, that all of life would be glory to God forever and ever. Sola Deo Gloria.   © Grand Valley State University � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1b914b52667e58c294b4f8cf66b3d37a.mp3 85d347bf68e50a9f5ad7ae3c7eee3040 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Event Pentecost XXI Series New Wine for Century 21 Scripture Text Isaiah 45:22, Romans 11:36 Location The location of the interview Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01_RA-0-19961020 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1996-10-20 Title A name given to the resource Sola Deo Gloria: God alone Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Sermons Relation A related resource Richard A. Rhem - An Archive of Sermons, Prayers, Talks and Stories: http://richardrhem.org/ Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 application/pdf Description An account of the resource A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on October 20, 1996 entitled "Sola Deo Gloria: God alone", as part of the series "New Wine for Century 21", on the occasion of Pentecost XXI, at Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI. Scripture references: Isaiah 45:22, Romans 11:36. John Calvin Nature of God Re-imagining the Faith Reformation Worship https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/032c65f035803d86e0e726dae59ef79d.pdf 3f2f08d473aeca0c75135ae977831739 PDF Text Text Sola Fidei: Trust From the series: New Wine for Century 21 Text: Psalm 16:8; Romans 8:38-39 Richard A. Rhem Christ Community Church Spring Lake, Michigan November 3, 1996 Transcription of the spoken sermon All of those wonderful children that emptied out of here a few minutes ago are God's great gift, and one of the greatest gifts that we can give to them is to create in our homes and in our faith community the kind of environment that will build within them fundamental trust. Fundamental trust has been defined by the developmental psychologist Erik Erickson as that total orientation of life that views all of reality in a positive fashion so that one can live almost instinctively, trustfully. And I say that, not because fundamental trust is a religious category, it's a general human capability or possibility, but I say this on the final week of our Sola series, "Sola Fidei: Trust," because trust, while it is a gift of the Holy Spirit, is a gift of faith. The kind of trust beyond fundamental trust that gives us that consciousness of relationship to God is a gift from God, but received with such difficulty if our lives are not oriented to be trustful. I think, for example, of Martin Luther, whose name is synonymous with justification through faith, who recognized that the whole of the Gospel was with the open hand of faith to receive the gift of God, the gift of God's grace. But I think of Luther, whose name is synonymous with that great theme, but who had such a terrible struggle in his own life. We heard the story. I referred to it in the previous weeks, but let me remind you again of how Luther's God was not a gracious and loving God, but in his mind, an angry God. And in all of his seriousness he struggled with a terrible torment of his conscience as he went through his religious exercises, trying to appease the demons that assaulted him, failing to find a resting place, blessed assurance eluding him at every turn; finding himself absolutely miserable to the point of his frustration, as I said last week, when he said, "Love God? I don't love God. I hate God." Luther, thank God, is an example of one who in adulthood broke through by the miracle of grace by the inspiration of God's Spirit, and was able in his adulthood to come to that place of trust. But it's so very difficult to do it that way. It's so much easier if we have been nurtured in an environment that has led us to trust instinctively out of the depths of our being. Thank God if that has been our experience. The spirit of God can create that faith and trust in us so that no one is © Grand Valley State University   �Sola Fidei: Trust Richard A. Rhem Page 2   a hopeless case, no one need despair. But how much better it is if we can come to that trust almost as a flower opening to the rays of the sun, than through the anguish and the crisis through which a Luther had to go. He came to great clarity, however, and out of his great clarity, the whole Reformation, the whole Protestant Christian faith understanding was shaped and formed. Listen to his words, which express that to which he was able, finally, to come by the grace of God. He said, This is the reason our theology is certain. It snatches us away from ourselves and places us outside ourselves so that we do not depend on our own strength, conscience, experience, person or works, but depend on that which is outside ourselves, that is, on the promise and truth of God which cannot deceive. You see, he got the focus out of himself; he got his obsession with his own doings loosened and he came to realize that it was not through his performance, but it was through that which God had done for him, but apart from him. He did learn to cast himself and rest himself on the good and gracious God Who was revealed in Jesus Christ, and not the high and mighty God. He said in his very earthy fashion, "Don't climb up to the heights of heaven, to the majesty of God, and don't bother with all of the philosophical and theoretical speculations about God. If you would know God, go to the crib that holds a child. Go to the mother at whose breast a child is nursed. Go to the cross at which that one suffers and dies. There you'll find the gracious God. Thank God he came to that peace. He learned to trust and, out of his experience, down through the centuries since that Reformation of the Church, we have sung the song, "Sola Fidei: by faith, through faith alone," the hallmark of our Reformation Christian faith. I don't think that many of us know the anguish that Luther knew, and I doubt that many of us struggle to the extent that he struggled with the sinful conscience that he felt was resting under the wrath of God. I think that was part of his own setting, his own environment, maybe his inability to trust early on was reflective of his very early experience. Whatever that may be (sometimes it can just be the genetic makeup; some of us trust more easily than others), but, whatever that may be, he came to trust. But I think not many of us will come the way he came, struggling with that particular question of our sin and our guilt and our fear of an angry God. And yet I think that all of us have those moments when we wonder about the meaning of life and we struggle with the mystery of life. I was reminded, reflecting on all of this, of when I went to the University of Michigan in 1983. I was there that fall term and Hans Küng was the guest. He gave lectures that were subsequently published under the title, "Eternal Life?" © Grand Valley State University �Sola Fidei: Trust Richard A. Rhem Page 3   And here was a Roman Catholic theologian who was dealing with the end questions, the existential questions of death, of heaven, of hell, of purgatory. I couldn't believe it! The University of Michigan is not much into religion, having only a half-time program in studies in religion. A great, secular, educational institution, but very little regard to the whole dimension of religious faith. But they brought in Hans Küng, and during that term he spoke on these questions that I had not preached on because I didn't know how to handle them in the pulpit. I wasn't satisfied with the pat answers about heaven and hell and purgatory and death, and what a preacher does, when a preacher doesn't know how to handle it, is simply not to handle it. And, frankly, I was embarrassed. Here, in the middle of that secular campus, this man stood up and spoke about heaven and hell and purgatory, grace, death, life. It was a wake-up call for me because those lectures were attended by overflow crowds - the university crowd, the community crowd, standing room only, and I thought, "Dear God, people may be highly educated, sophisticated, quite secular in their whole life, unaffiliated with the institutional structures of the Church, but they're all going to die. They all have questions, and they have loved ones who die, and they wonder." And from that point on, you've heard a great deal about life and death and grace and that which lies beyond, because I came to see that it is in the moment of our death that we encounter God. It was the 500th anniversary of Luther's birth and there was a weeklong conference of international scholars gathered there to celebrate the birth of Martin Luther. Ironically, it was Luther, whose attack on the Church was at the point of indulgences and all of the apparatus used so abusively surrounding purgatory that made it for us a non-subject. Yet, it was at that time from this Catholic scholar, Hans Küng, who spoke about Luther in a magnificent lecture, affirming justification by faith, who also caused me to go back and think about Purgatory. What was in the mind of the Church that said maybe everything is not all over at the point of death. Maybe God is not done with us at the moment of our death. Maybe the moment of our death will be the moment of illumination and the beginning of purification and the preparing of us for further in and farther up and the shining presence. And from this Catholic theologian, as he spoke about Luther, I heard these words: To believe in an eternal life means in reasonable trust, in enlightened faith in tried and tested hope, to rely on the fact that I shall one day be fully understood, freed from guilt and definitively accepted and can be myself without fear. (Is that beautiful? To believe in eternal life means with reasonable trust, enlightened faith, tried and tested hope, to rely on the fact that I shall one day be fully understood, freed from guilt and definitively accepted. Would not Martin Luther affirm his brother priest 500 years later? It would be hard to say it more clearly, more fundamentally.) © Grand Valley State University �Sola Fidei: Trust Richard A. Rhem Page 4   That my impenetrable and ambivalent existence, like the profoundly discordant history of humanity as a whole, will one day become finally transparent and the question of the meaning of history one day be finally answered. My impenetrable and ambivalent existence. I don't think so many of us will struggle just where Luther struggled, but don't we all yearn to understand, to penetrate the mystery? Do we not experience our ambivalence, the equivocation of our lives? Do we not wonder why and wherefore and whence for ourselves and for those we've loved and lost a while? And to be able to trust that I, personally, will be definitively accepted – to that, Luther would say, yes, yes. Because of that which has been done for me, apart from me, that which God has revealed to me in Jesus Christ, that heart of God that I see in the face of Jesus - that I can trust. And also for those I love and lose, that they, too, in the mystery that surrounds their going, whether it be the normal passage after many years or the tragic loss too soon, that this impenetrable mystery of ourselves and this discordant history of humanity as a whole will one day be transparent. To be able to live thus is to trust. As the Psalmist expressed: "I have set the Lord always before me; because God is at my right hand, I shall not be moved." And a little farther on – “Not now the Lord before me, but I in the presence of the Lord. Thou wilt show me the path of life. At Thy right hand are pleasures forevermore.” In the presence. In the presence. God at my right hand; I in the presence of God. For the Psalmist, all within this present existence, but for the apostle Paul, more than that. For he, too, spoke out of that deep confidence. "If God be for us, who can be against us?" "What can separate us from the love of Christ?" Well, any number of things, Paul. Famine or nakedness or peril or sword or cancer or tragic loss or deep suffering. No, Paul said. No. No, no, no. To all of that I must say, Nevertheless. “Nothing in this life, nothing in death, nothing in the whole creation will ever sever us from the love of God in Christ Jesus.” That's to live trustingly, you see Ah, it helps so much if, as a child, we have been nurtured even from the womb to experience the totality of things with a positive regard. But even if not, here and there, now and again, like a Luther, the Word finds rootage, the Spirit opens the mind and, with a Luther, we can say it was as though the gates of paradise were opened. Or, with a John Wesley hearing the same word and the testimony of Luther can say, "I found my heart strangely warmed." And then we can negotiate life's passages, trustingly, and we can face our end trustingly, and we can let go of those we loved and lost trustingly, for beyond it all, behind it all, underneath it all is that understanding of God full of grace, God, the abyss of love, and the conviction that nothing of love will ever be lost. That, therefore, for ourselves and those we've loved and lost, it will be like © Grand Valley State University �Sola Fidei: Trust Richard A. Rhem Page 5   Stepping on shore and finding it heaven, like touching a hand and finding it God's, like breathing new air and finding it celestial, like waking up in glory and finding it home. Believe that. You can trust that, and you will be wonderfully free. © Grand Valley State University � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8ddcc5655a7d1630c8efe5c88d31326f.mp3 d123732566a306f763dec572c12de4c8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Event Pentecost XXIII Series New Wine for Century 21 Scripture Text Psalm 16:7-11, Romans 8:31-39 Location The location of the interview Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01_RA-0-19961103 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1996-11-03 Title A name given to the resource Sola Fidei: Trust Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Sermons Relation A related resource Richard A. Rhem - An Archive of Sermons, Prayers, Talks and Stories: http://richardrhem.org/ Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 application/pdf Description An account of the resource A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on November 3, 1996 entitled "Sola Fidei: Trust", as part of the series "New Wine for Century 21", on the occasion of Pentecost XXIII, at Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI. Scripture references: Psalm 16:7-11, Romans 8:31-39. Grace Nature of God Trust https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a85245e92a86b6158267a234cdaeff7e.pdf 2784e1d1ade7beb1ce52fea0517dbfd1 PDF Text Text Sola Gratia: By Grace Alone From the series: New Wine for Century 21 Text: Matthew 20:15 Richard A. Rhem Christ Community Church Spring Lake, Michigan October 27, 1996 Transcription of the spoken sermon By Grace Alone. Christ Community has been marked for 25 years by grace. Grace has been its hallmark. Some of you have been here all that time, and you know it, and probably you've gotten sick of hearing me say it. Nancy has threatened to put it on my tombstone - Richard "Grace" Rhem. One string on the banjo. But, you know, I flip it around so often, I say it in so many different ways, I say it so continually that maybe it would be good just to stop for a minute and say, "Do you know what grace really is?" And, if you happen to be new here and you don't know the eruption of Christ Community in its early history, maybe you don't understand the context of my overuse of grace. So, let me take just a minute to say that there are really just two kinds of religion in the world. The first and most common kind is a religion by the performance principle: you do certain things and you are rewarded. You say certain prayers, follow certain rituals, execute certain practices, live in a certain way, add it all up and say, "Grant me my reward. I deserve your salvation, O God, Your favor. I have merited it. I have earned it." That's what most religion is, and there's something deep in the human person that likes it that way, because we would much rather pay our own way. Wouldn't we rather not be indebted to anyone? The other kind of religion is a religion of grace. There you get the favor of God, undeserving, not through doing something, executing certain work of righteousness, offering certain prayers, being regular in worship, tithing your income, name what you will. The grace principle is that free bestowal of God's favor on us for nothing in ourselves, simply because God, at heart, is love, and that loving soul of the universe overflows in a fountain of grace because grace is simply love active, love poured out. The religion of grace is a religion of those who, through no effort of their own, no doing of their own, no achievement, no merit, but simply because God is the way God is, are freely accepted, given the gift of life and eternal life. © Grand Valley State University   �Sola Gratia: By Grace Alone Richard A. Rhem Page 2   Just two kinds of religions - either a do-it-yourself brand, or that which God does for you, quite apart from yourself. And Christ Community has been marked by the latter. And, in being marked by the latter, it has been consistent with, I believe, that understanding of God that came to expression in Jesus. Jesus knew human nature pretty well, and he knew that it was human nature to think somehow or other we could bargain with God and cook up a deal with God and carry our own weight with God, and so he told a story, as he always did, the familiar story of the farmer who goes down to the unemployment office early in the morning, first watch, gathers all those that are available and sends them out into the field after bargaining with them for a day's wage. A fair day's wage, a fair day's labor. They go off and begin their work. But, he stops by the unemployment office two or three more times, at noon, at 3 o'clock, each time sees a few stragglers, sends them out into the field never saying well, let's bargain on the wage, just "Go, work." Along about five o'clock, there's only an hour to whistle time, he sees a few stragglers there and he said, "What are you guys doing?" They say, "No one hired us." He said, "Well, don't be worthless. Go out and finish the day in the field." Now, the whistle blows; they all come for their checks. He begins with the last bunch who've only been there for an hour, and he gives them the amount that he had agreed in the beginning in the morning with the first workers. And then those that came at three, and those that came at noon - they all get a day's wage. So, those who had come early in the morning were beginning to think, "Well, I wonder what kind of a bonus we'll get." And they got exactly what they'd bargained for - a day's wage. Well, that really upset them, and it would have upset me, and it would have upset you, too, because that's not fair. I mean, their complaint was justified. "Look, we labored all day; we labored through the heat of the day, and here we get no more than those who came the last hour." And the farmer says to them, "Oh, really? That makes you angry, eh? Does my generosity make you angry? Have I done you any wrong? Did we not agree? Did I not pay you a fair day's wage? Is it not my right to do with my own as I will?" Jesus blows your mind, doesn't he? I mean, that's not fair; that wouldn't work in the real world, would it? Lucky if you came at five, of course. Jesus was saying, "Look, folks, God is not human. God is God. And you can't put God into our little boxes and box God up as though God is restricted to our ways of merit and reward, of work and reward. God is God, and God is grace, and grace doesn't keep score; grace doesn't keep books. Grace is wild and unruly." And thereby Jesus was suggesting that there is a mystery about the love and grace of God that will never be at human disposal, never be for human manipulation, never be for human control or institutional control. Krister Stendahl gives me some insight into that parable, why Matthew selected that one to tell. Matthew was writing to Jewish Jesus people. These were people who had been a part of Israel throughout all of their lives and, in fact, reflected the generations of Israel's service of God. And now there were some Gentiles © Grand Valley State University �Sola Gratia: By Grace Alone Richard A. Rhem Page 3   coming into that community and there were those who had been there all the time who had said, "Well, what are these folks doing coming in? Certainly they can't be given the same status we have." And so, Matthew tells the story that Jesus told to say, "Look, the Gentiles, those who came at five in the afternoon, are received equally and treated the same way by the all-merciful God, because God makes no distinction." And Paul picked that up, as well, and he began to see that God's grace is embracing the Gentile as he struggled with that in his Letter to the Romans, as we saw last week. He finally came to see that God was creating one new humanity, the same grace of the same God, now for the whole wide world, and it caused him to say, "To God be glory forever and ever." It's the word that Martin Luther picked up. This is Reformation Sunday, and we remember the Reformation of the Church in the 16th century and the catalytic event that ignited it and sent it into orbit was Luther's own personal experience. Luther was one of those odd ducks that took God seriously, and he couldn't find any peace with God. He was a part of his Roman Catholic tradition, he became a monk, he was a serious biblical scholar, and he was a part of the Augustinian Order, which did their prayers seven times throughout the course of 24 hours. He beat himself, pummeled himself, denied himself, sought through all of the means available in the piety of his day and the institutional forms that were there, to get a sense of having peace with God. And you know how it is when you're trying to measure up, when you're working on the performance principle, when you're trying to impress a parent or a spouse or a colleague, when you feel somewhat insecure and inadequate and so you keep running faster and trying harder and jumping higher? Doesn't work, does it? You never, never get to the point where you say, "Now, that's enough." So, Luther struggled. He had this intense, personal struggle. He felt the anger of God, not the peace of God. He came to his confessor one day and confessed that he was struggling so hard and couldn't find peace, and the confessor said, "Martin, you must love God." And Martin said, "Love God? I hate God!" Because, you see, try as he would, he could never come to that sense that he had done the last thing that would give him that peace with God, and in his biblical study he contemplated Paul's statement to the Romans: "The just shall live by their faith, the just shall live by their faith." Finally, in a moment of illumination, one of those miracles that happens now and again, Martin Luther found that registering with him: The just shall live by faith, not by what they do, not by the prayers they offer, the rituals they do, the good works they offer - not by anything they do. The just will live by their faith because salvation is a gift; it is grace! It is given by God, not by what we do, but by what God has done. Martin Luther experienced a moment of grace. I love the way Paul Tillich expresses the experience of grace: It strikes us when our disgust for our own being, our indifference, our weakness, our hostility and our lack of direction and composure have © Grand Valley State University �Sola Gratia: By Grace Alone Richard A. Rhem Page 4   become intolerable to us. It strikes us when, year after year, the longed-for perfection of life does not appear, when the old compulsions reign within us as they have for decades, when despair destroys all joy and courage. Sometimes at that moment a wave of light breaks into our darkness and it is as though a voice were saying, "You are accepted. You are accepted." Accepted by that which is greater than you and the name of which you do not know. Do not ask for the name now. Perhaps you will find it later. Do not try to do anything now. Perhaps later you will much. Do not seek for anything. Do not perform anything. Do not intend anything. Simply accept the fact that you are accepted. If that happens to us, we experience grace. And that experience, again Stendahl said, in Martin Luther has become the paradigm for the whole western Protestant tradition, moving away from the concept of God having a people, to that very personal relationship between the person and God by the grace of God in Jesus Christ. But, that personal experience for Luther did not remain just personal, because he looked about him at the Church, he looked at the structures of the Church of his day and he saw the corruption, he saw the abuse of people, he saw the Church selling forgiveness, for God's sake! They were building St. Peter's in Rome; they needed a lot of gold, and so the Pope would write an Indulgence. For a little bit of money you could take care of the past. For a little more money, you could even take care of tomorrow. For a little bit of money you could spring free from Purgatory the loved ones you had lost. It became a terrible system, greedy and abusive. Luther had experienced grace. He knew the grace of God and salvation had nothing to do with the Church somehow or other funneling this grace, holding the spigot, turning it on and off, depending on the flow of gold. And so, he pounded his 95 Theses on the door of the church at Wittenberg. Thesis 62 said, "The Church has its treasure not in its wealth and its power, but in the Holy Gospel, the Holy Gospel that speaks of the free grace of God which is not for sale." He didn't want to break the Church. He did want to change the Church, because he could see that the Church had encrusted that grace and made it a commodity to be sold, abusing the people. So he made his protest, which eventuated, because the institutional church structures would not bend, in brokenness. The protest burst open into the Reformation of the church, and we are the children of the Reformation five centuries later. Luther's question probably isn't your question, at least with its intensity. I listened to Harvard professor, Harvey Cox, who's had generations of student go through his course on "Jesus at Harvard." He always asks them to tell him who Jesus is for them, and he says Generation X (that's the group about 22 to 35) simply is not buying the institutional church package as you and I have. He said these young people are picky, they're selective, they're deeply spiritual, they're deeply hungry and they admit they're confused. I don't know what their question is, but I know they're human and I know that down deep they long for meaning. I don't know if the mainline church is going to be able to fill the bill. It may even be © Grand Valley State University �Sola Gratia: By Grace Alone Richard A. Rhem Page 5   that the mainline church as we've known it, has to fall on real hard times in order for God to get a foothold and create some newness that will be able to capture the imagination of the generation yet unborn. I'm not really worried about that. That's always the trouble with institutional church leaders - they worry about preserving what they have and perpetuating it into the future. And then we get nervous and anxious and become coercive. We get abusive and manipulative, and we forget that, after all, finally, it is the good and gracious God Who will continue, by God's Spirit, to draw to God's self all those who hunger and thirst. I don't know just what the question is. I don't know just what the configuration of the future will be. Someone came into the church this morning and said to me, "You know, I walked under that banner, 'Unleashed for Ministry,' and I thought to myself, 'That has never been so appropriate as it is this year.'" Unleashed for Ministry. Free of structures that are anachronistic and baggage that simply gets in the way. A community of people who've been marked by grace. Out of Luther's experience and the Reformation of the 16th century, the hallmark was Sola Gratia, Sola Gratia, by grace alone. Not by institution, not by law, not by some abusive prescription - by grace alone, because God is grace and God will grace, because it is God's nature to grace. If only we could put out sails to catch the fresh breezes of the Spirit to find which way the ark of salvation should be moving into Century 21. Paul, in his Letter to the Corinthians, appealed to them and to Corinth to join in an offering for those who were suffering in Jerusalem. But, he was very clear there's no command; there's no demand; this isn't a tax, but you know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, though he was rich, yet for your sakes, he became poor that you through his poverty might be rich. In the light of that grace, may I call you to a meaningful, significant investment of your life into the ongoing movement of the kingdom of God? All is grace. Salvation from God and the response of God's people, and the way we relate to each other, and the way we govern each other - the whole Church must be marked, characterized by the ambience of grace. If not, it's become a human product; it's become an institution that will too soon become abusive and coercive. Grace frees. Grace gives wing, and you are a people who have responded to grace, and who have found that the most meaningful investment of life is in that gracious self-giving in return. So, I don't know the questions for tomorrow. I don't know the taste of the new wine or the shape of the wineskin for Century 21. But, I know this - there is no people poised more poignantly to find the taste, to find the shape and set it free than a people who have been set free. Sola Gratia! Sola Deo Gloria! Hallelujah! © Grand Valley State University � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8a734f16c2f7e45220509e4819c8e9a8.mp3 0b2b3c051989e4ed511e73b07d2877c1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Event Pentecost XXII, Reformation Sunday Series New Wine for Century 21 Scripture Text Matthew 20:1-11 Location The location of the interview Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01_RA-0-19961027 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1996-10-27 Title A name given to the resource Sola Gratia: By Grace Alone Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Sermons Relation A related resource Richard A. Rhem - An Archive of Sermons, Prayers, Talks and Stories: http://richardrhem.org/ Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 application/pdf Description An account of the resource A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on October 27, 1996 entitled "Sola Gratia: By Grace Alone", as part of the series "New Wine for Century 21", on the occasion of Pentecost XXII, Reformation Sunday, at Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI. Scripture references: Matthew 20:1-11. Grace Reformation; Nature of God https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1ad295160c13adbdf800f133ae15de0f.pdf 83d69ba76376ccf621e50dd3bd9fa7f0 PDF Text Text Sola Scriptura: The Living Word From the series: New Wine for Century 21 Text: Mark 2:22; John 1:14 Richard A. Rhem Christ Community Church Spring Lake, Michigan October 6, 1996 Transcription of the spoken sermon September was a time for team participation in the preaching, speaking about New Beginnings, the dimensions of life that are before us. October issues in the month of Reformation, and Reformation, as we have celebrated it here for 25 years, has not been a celebration of our over-againstness, over against the Roman Catholic tradition out of which the Protestant tradition arose in the 16th century, but it has been a celebration of that which I think has been central to the Reformation at its best, and that is that the Church is the Church of Jesus Christ. It is not the Reformed Church; it is the Church of Jesus Christ, re-formed according to the word of God and always being re-formed. I have enjoyed preaching in the fall; I've often addressed doctrinal or theological themes out of our tradition because I think it's a time between the seasons, and that is who are, that is whence we have come, and therefore, to rethink the faith that's been a fall menu around here. This is an especially good time to do that, this year, 1996, October, 1996. For, even though we have been operating as an independent congregation with our life and our ministry before us, nonetheless, the news that we have, finally, closure from the other side and that all of that can be put behind us, even in the sense of the dangling details, makes this a special October, and a wonderful season for us to think about the Church in terms of its dynamism and its always being in a state of reformation and renewal. We were born out of a period of radical revolution. One of the interesting, fascinating things about human experience is that there is, again and again, an outburst of renewal, of new energy, of new life, of creativity, new vision, and everyone is excited and tastes a new wine. Then, the children's children's children, who lose that fresh blush of newness, begin to build an idol out of that which was once so dynamic and alive, and they miss the joy of that explosion of the Spirit and begin to bow to forms and structures that are simply the aftermath, the consequence, of that burning new life that came to expression. So, in this moment in our life together, we have a rare, rare opportunity to re-imagine the Church. © Grand Valley State University   �Sola Scriptura: The Living Word Richard A. Rhem Page 2   You know, this is a fantastic time in which to be alive. Everything is changing; everything is spinning wildly out of its course. The breakthroughs in science and the technological developments, the electronic age, the fact that the whole globe becomes a neighborhood - all of the interconnections and networking around the globe - nothing, nothing is stable, nothing is the same. Everything is up in the air! What an exciting time to be alive, isn't it? You might say, "Well, I could handle it a little bit slower paced, thank you very much." But we don't have that choice. As a matter of fact, we are a part of a time in history when everything is being re-negotiated and when there is nothing that is solid and secure. That can be anxiety-producing. But, if we could only get our mind and our heart set, and if we could only understand our human situation as it really is, a very limited and finite and partial view of things, but secure in the eternal God, the eternal God Who is a substratum and Who overshadows it all, we could then enter in with zest to this exciting time in which our whole world is opening up new possibilities, closing old doors and breaking through to new vistas. We at Christ Community have what is a very rare opportunity to reimagine the Church. This noon your governance groups are going to begin the first stage in planning the future, and what we are really focusing on today is October 27, an afternoon planned after our Stewardship Party in which your governance groups (and I hope there will be a hundred or more of the rest of you. Any of you that are interested, any of you that want to be a part of it, will come with us) will meet for a period of about four hours and think the Church, think Christ Community, think in a way we've never thought before. Re-imagine the Church! Think about Century 21. Think about our times, our community, our situation, and how we can re-imagine this church so that it will be in 2001 what we want it to be as we contemplate our future. October is Reformation month and I have often used it as a time to revisit some of the great central themes of the faith. So, I'm going to begin today with a new wine that needs to be poured into fresh wineskins, looking at some of the old, central themes that have made us what we are. A little Latin for our palate this morning: "Sola Scriptura," sola - only, or alone; scriptura - scripture. Sola Scriptura: the scripture alone as our authority for faith and for life, for what we believe and how we live. That will be followed in subsequent weeks with Sola Gratia, grace alone, Sola Fidei, faith alone, and Sola Deo Gloria, to God alone be glory. Those were great themes that arose in the 16th century. They were those great insights that came out of the tragic break of the Christian Church, forming, then, out of the Roman Catholic tradition, the Protestant tradition of which we are a part. But those Reformation themes, tragic though the split and the rending of the body of Christ was, those great themes brought forth fresh insights that were © Grand Valley State University �Sola Scriptura: The Living Word Richard A. Rhem Page 3   very, very critical, and we want to look at them together for a few weeks just to see how they look from this perspective and what they say to us and how they will continue to inform and shape our lives, as we move into a future in which we are re-imagining together what it means to be the Church of Jesus Christ. Sola Scriptura. Scripture alone. That is, that it is the holy scripture that gives us the content of our faith and that shows us the way of life. This book has been central in the life of the Reformation tradition. Historically, the pulpit was in the center and the open word in the Bible was an architectural statement about the centrality in the word of God, and we have been a part of that tradition that has taken seriously this written word. Now, let me begin by saying that the greatest living American historian of Christian doctrine, Jaroslav Pelikan, in his volume on the Reformation, in the preface to that volume, says "Sola Scriptura. It never was true." Never was true in the sense that in the 16th century the Reformation Party went to the word of God without any preconditions or any preconceptions or any biases or any prejudices as though they could go with a blank sheet, fresh to the Bible, find out something totally new and then live by that alone. Pelikan, a good historian, an honest scholar, says, "Come on, Reformation people, Lutheran and Reformed, let's admit it. There never has been a time when it was simply the Bible." The Reformation of the 16th century was highly contextual; it was coming out of that medieval structure and all of the dominance of that religious institution. There were actions and reactions, charges and counter charges, people with passion, people with jealousies, people with vested interest. There have never been any saints that have been absolutely pure and clear. There have only always been people who have been played upon by pressures from the left and from the right, who have been limited in their judgment and limited in their commitment, who have tried to find their way. So, Sola Scriptura, in the sense of the Protestant tradition being totally shaped by this book and this book alone? No. Never has been true. But, that doesn't mean that that claim or that ideal is not terribly important. And how did it arise? Well, you know a little Reformation history. You know about the good Roman Catholic monk, Martin Luther. Luther never intended to break the Church, never intended to leave the Church. He was a scholar, a good German monk, a very devout and pious man. He nailed his 95 Theses on the church door in Wittenberg in order to engage in a discussion. There were points he wanted to debate. He thought that dialogue in the Church was important and necessary. What eventuated was far beyond anything he had ever conceived. But, in the process, he did get into the debate. There was a Dr. Eck, extremely acute, representing the Roman Catholic institution. In their debate, Eck, with all of his debating skills, put Luther into a corner where Luther had to admit that he believed that the Church in its council, had erred. And to say that the Church in its council had erred was to say that the Church could err, and therefore, that the © Grand Valley State University �Sola Scriptura: The Living Word Richard A. Rhem Page 4   Church was not infallible, not infallible in its institutional expression, not infallible in its Papal head. And you can do a lot of things and get away with it, but you'd better not challenge the infallibility of a formidable institution like the Church of Rome. And so, in daring to stand up against the massive power of that institution, Luther eventually was excommunicated and we have a Protestant tradition now and an ongoing Roman Catholic tradition. But, Luther, in his experience, not as though he sat down and figured this out in his study, but just in the concrete experience, recognized that the Church in its human form, its historical form, had to be called to account. How do you call the Church to account? How do you call its leadership to account? How do you challenge its theological formulation or its ethical practice or its political organization? How do you call the Church to account? You have to have something over above; you have to have a normative principle. And I think it was out of that that we have that Reformation insight, sola scriptura. It was a radical insight. It was not, as it has become in our day, in conservative circles, that the Bible becomes the instrument of conservatism. The Bible became the hammer that broke open the conservatism of the Church. The Bible, in Luther's view and as the reformers came to understand it generally, was that instrument that held the Church accountable. It was that instrument that held the tradition accountable. Now, no Pope or Cardinal or Bishop could say, "But, the Church thus and so ..." because there was now a counter principle, and according to the Reformation insight, this counter principle was superior to, over against the ecclesiastical organization. This counter principle was superior to all creedal formulations and all traditional organization. The whole Christian tradition was held up to the light of examination that flowed from this book. Now, again, it wasn't the book as book, but it was the book as the container of the story. It was the book as the agent, the instrument through which the ongoing Word of God came to expression. What Luther was going through in the 16th century is no different from what Jesus went through in the first century. In the first Gospel reading from Mark, Jesus is criticized because his disciples don't carry on an ordinary fast. In that whole section he is criticized because they don't keep the Sabbath; he's criticized because he heals on the Sabbath and they pick grain on the Sabbath and so on. One would think, just between us, don't let it get out of this room, but, one would think if one read the Gospel, and if one tried to follow Jesus, one would think that one could never accuse another of being radical or of challenging tried and true ways, because isn't that the whole tension of the Gospel? Was not Jesus bringing to bear on his religious institution, on the conventional wisdom and the organizational structure, a critique from the Word of God? © Grand Valley State University �Sola Scriptura: The Living Word Richard A. Rhem Page 5   You see, the Word of God is never in a book. The book is the conveyor of the Word of God. But, the Word of God is the Word of God; it's living! It is powerful; it is creative; it is the breath of the Spirit here and now; it is always, always dynamic. It is always addressing us, encountering us, judging us, healing us, comforting us. Jesus was representing the tradition, which certainly was all wound up with what the prophets had spoken and Moses had written. That was the story. Not that its written form was so sacred, but the written form was that which conveyed the story. But the story was the story of the living God. The Word of God is something more than the book. "In the beginning was the word and the word was with God and the word was God. All things that were made were made by him, and without him was not anything made that was made." This Word of God or this idea of God or this intention of God, this purpose of God was in the beginning, creating, effecting, and all things were made by the Word. This was the light that was coming into the world, the light that enlightens everyone coming into the world. This light. He came to his own, and his own didn't receive him, didn't understand, but to those that did hear and receive, to them gave he power to become the children of God, to be born anew, not by a human action, by a human will. But this was an action of God, you see, the living God. And in the fullness of time, at just the right time, this Word, this eternal Word, this eternal intention, this eternal purpose, this movement of God took on flesh and dwelt among us. The Word became flesh. The Word of God can never be captured, can never be put in a book as though somehow or other, if you've got a text, that's it. This book is the consequence of that encounter with God. The living God through the Spirit, speaks. And then, according to the good pleasure of God, there were those prophets and apostles who wrote it down, who gave witness to that encounter. And so, the Church says, that's our story, and we read it. We read it and, lo and behold, here and there, now and again it strikes fire in our hearts and in our imagination. The Church has a storybook. It doesn't worship the book. We don't say a lot about the Bible. You'll find a lot said about the Bible where people are rather insecure about whether or not it's really living and powerful. You only worry about the source of authority when you've got to thump somebody over the head or you're not really convinced about what you're doing. Insecurity is measured by the degree to which people pound this book. We don't say a lot about the book, but we try to turn the story loose every week, because we know that this is the means that God uses to address us. That is, to address us in our church structure, to critique us, to shatter our forms, to address us in our doctrinal formulations, to help us clear the ground so that sometimes in the light of new experience and new developments, we can have a new formulation, a deeper understanding. There is no creedal formulation that is sacred. There is no ecclesiastical structure that is sacred. We may not absolutize and make ultimate anything that human heart or mind or hand has constructed. That's the Protestant principle. God alone is sovereign. God alone is ultimate. And this book is a storybook that the living © Grand Valley State University �Sola Scriptura: The Living Word Richard A. Rhem Page 6   God uses, through the Spirit, through the foolishness of preaching like this, now and again, here and there, to shape us up, shake us up, make us new, create us again, call us to dance and to sing and to find some grand new future that we haven't yet dreamed of. You see, the book is radical. It will keep us from finding a resting place. It will keep us from being comfortable. It will keep us on the move. It will open for us and interpret for us the ever-changing landscape of a world that is spinning wildly out of orbit. It will continue to be that reference point that will help us to remember our past and to find our way into the future. And when we say sola scriptura, what we're really saying is that it holds a place in our life that no creed can hold, it holds a place in our life that no ecclesiastical structure can hold, it holds the normative place in our life so that, wherever we go in the future, however we shape ourselves, whatever we confess, however we live, it will be in dialogue with this storybook and with no other reference point. Now, this thing isn't read in a vacuum. We read it in the total complex of our lives. But, finally, prayerfully, humbly, openly, we place ourselves before this book and, sometimes, it's Bingo! The Jewish scholar, Martin Buber, suggests a way that I wish could be true for all of us as we approach the Bible. "Read the Bible as though it were something entirely unfamiliar." (That's our problem, you know. We already know before we go there what the answer is. And we generally go there in order to buttress the answer, rather than to be unmasked and undressed by a strange word). But, Buber says, "Read the Bible as though it were something entirely unfamiliar, as though it had not been set before you, ready made. Face the book with a new attitude as something new... let whatever may happen occur between yourself and it. You do not know which of its sayings or images will overwhelm you and mold you...." Wouldn't that be wonderful? Wouldn't it be great to read this book with fresh eyes so that something reached right out and grabbed you, made you cry or made you laugh? Or broke through to you like you never believed possible? Wouldn't that be wonderful?" But, hold yourself open. Do not believe anything a priori. Do not disbelieve anything a priori. Read aloud the words written in the book in front of you; hear the word you utter and let it reach you." Sola Scriptura. This book is loved and is a part of our devotion and our worship. We don't worship it, but we know that it tells the story and keeps the story alive and keeps us always potentially targets for the living voice of the living God. Sola Scriptura. There's no need to defend it, to try to buttress it beyond just simply opening ourselves to it. I'm accused of not taking the Bible seriously, but only by those who already know its contents before they ever open it afresh. Let's © Grand Valley State University �Sola Scriptura: The Living Word Richard A. Rhem Page 7   never be too sure we have it all wrapped up, because it is the living God with Whom we have to do, and this is the place, this is the book, and by the grace of God, God keeps meeting us as we open our lives to it. That's not going to change, because there is enough, there is enough newness and dynamic power for any future of which we can conceive, and that future will always be structured in conversations with this book. Sola Scriptura. © Grand Valley State University � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/7a4ffd698879ce8247f726b6d0c395ba.mp3 506f95f8141ecc564b83cb9b5ce09d95 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Event Pentecost XIX Series New Wine for Century 21 Scripture Text Mark 2: 18-22, John 1:1-14 Location The location of the interview Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01_RA-0-19961006 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1996-10-06 Title A name given to the resource Sola Scriptura: The Living Word Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Sermons Relation A related resource Richard A. Rhem - An Archive of Sermons, Prayers, Talks and Stories: http://richardrhem.org/ Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 application/pdf Description An account of the resource A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on October 6, 1996 entitled "Sola Scriptura: The Living Word", as part of the series "New Wine for Century 21", on the occasion of Pentecost XIX, at Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI. Scripture references: Mark 2: 18-22, John 1:1-14. Re-imagining the Faith Reformation Revelation Scripture https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8cdc3de1f48fa65ab394e4fffae349f7.jpg d89c485f7eb700758a9a23c590e8cb05 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SolanoPauline Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Solano, Pauline Description An account of the resource Pauline Solano Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f59c9591f8686574e52328e6852148a4.jpg e16465cb7e6f04e770d90566d3a2adc5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource F. C. Angus collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Description An account of the resource Photographs of Sergeant F.C. Angus, Battery A 328th Field Artillery, American Express Forces, by D. J. Angus. The 328th Field Artillery was one of the last horse drawn Filed Artilleries in combat. The correspondence between Angus, his brother D.J. and his parents took place while he was stationed at Camp Custer, MI, multiple camps in France and Fort Mills, NY during World War I. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War I Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917/1918 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus photographs and films (RHC-04)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Soldiers Military life United States. Army. Fort Custer (Mich.) Camp Custer (Mich.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-60 Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-60_FCA_04 Title A name given to the resource Soldier at Camp Custer, Michigan Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Soldiers Military life United States. Army. Field Artillery Regiment, 328th United States. Army. Fort Custer (Mich.) Camp Custer (Mich.) Photographs Description An account of the resource Soldier at Camp Custer, Michigan, 1918. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived D.J. Angus photographs, RHC-04 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War I Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b37af64e2e867b568116e1302ba7f06a.jpg ea60aa4243fc18ea9dea98061b968e88 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource James Ochs collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ochs, James W. Description An account of the resource Collection includes a photo album of images taken by Ochs, 16 photos taken by the Army Signal Corps of the 26th Infantry Division, and document his tour of duty in France with the 26th Division, friends he acquired in France, and his leisure time activities Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942/1945 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/482">James W. Ochs World War II collection (RHC-55)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1939-1945 United States. Army France Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-55 Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-55_JWO002 Title A name given to the resource Soldier enforcing the off limits to non-coms rule outside a PFC club Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1939-1945 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military United States. Army. Signal Photo Company, 166th United States. Army. Infantry Division, 26th Soldiers Military life Photographs Description An account of the resource Soldier enforcing the off limits to non-coms rule outside a PFC club, 1944. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ochs, James W. United States. Army Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived James W. Ochs WWII collection, RHC-55 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/16a31a153587bc37746cbb43658b1add.jpg 01cc632ed5d1f1fb6de1da14abf5ebca Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource F. C. Angus collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Description An account of the resource Photographs of Sergeant F.C. Angus, Battery A 328th Field Artillery, American Express Forces, by D. J. Angus. The 328th Field Artillery was one of the last horse drawn Filed Artilleries in combat. The correspondence between Angus, his brother D.J. and his parents took place while he was stationed at Camp Custer, MI, multiple camps in France and Fort Mills, NY during World War I. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War I Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917/1918 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus photographs and films (RHC-04)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Soldiers Military life United States. Army. Fort Custer (Mich.) Camp Custer (Mich.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-60 Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-60_FCA_06 Title A name given to the resource Soldier in gas mask at Camp Custer, Michigan Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Soldiers Military life United States. Army. Field Artillery Regiment, 328th United States. Army. Fort Custer (Mich.) Camp Custer (Mich.) Photographs Description An account of the resource Soldier in gas mask at Camp Custer, Michigan, 1918. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived D.J. Angus photographs, RHC-04 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War I Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e8c5632860cafe821895ac1e0d979bfa.jpg 20876131bfdbd45e0259102f705b7f1e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource F. C. Angus collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Description An account of the resource Photographs of Sergeant F.C. Angus, Battery A 328th Field Artillery, American Express Forces, by D. J. Angus. The 328th Field Artillery was one of the last horse drawn Filed Artilleries in combat. The correspondence between Angus, his brother D.J. and his parents took place while he was stationed at Camp Custer, MI, multiple camps in France and Fort Mills, NY during World War I. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War I Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917/1918 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus photographs and films (RHC-04)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Soldiers Military life United States. Army. Fort Custer (Mich.) Camp Custer (Mich.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-60 Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-60_Custer02 Title A name given to the resource Soldier in uniform Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Soldiers Military life United States. Army. Field Artillery Regiment, 328th Photographs Description An account of the resource Soldier in uniform Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived D.J. Angus photographs, RHC-04 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War I Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/7e109e4514a10f631e66545661c3cd83.jpg 6599af517906640134dfd067e7949791 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource F. C. Angus collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Description An account of the resource Photographs of Sergeant F.C. Angus, Battery A 328th Field Artillery, American Express Forces, by D. J. Angus. The 328th Field Artillery was one of the last horse drawn Filed Artilleries in combat. The correspondence between Angus, his brother D.J. and his parents took place while he was stationed at Camp Custer, MI, multiple camps in France and Fort Mills, NY during World War I. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War I Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917/1918 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus photographs and films (RHC-04)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Soldiers Military life United States. Army. Fort Custer (Mich.) Camp Custer (Mich.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-60 Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-60_FCA_03 Title A name given to the resource Soldier in uniform Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Soldiers Military life United States. Army. Field Artillery Regiment, 328th United States. Army. Fort Custer (Mich.) Camp Custer (Mich.) Photographs Description An account of the resource Soldier in uniform at Camp Custer, Michigan, 1918. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived D.J. Angus photographs, RHC-04 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War I Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8459ec468f73a985fbf72c9fdf728bb4.jpg bc85a3aa83de1e9baf85242c2beede4f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource F. C. Angus collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Description An account of the resource Photographs of Sergeant F.C. Angus, Battery A 328th Field Artillery, American Express Forces, by D. J. Angus. The 328th Field Artillery was one of the last horse drawn Filed Artilleries in combat. The correspondence between Angus, his brother D.J. and his parents took place while he was stationed at Camp Custer, MI, multiple camps in France and Fort Mills, NY during World War I. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War I Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917/1918 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus photographs and films (RHC-04)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Soldiers Military life United States. Army. Fort Custer (Mich.) Camp Custer (Mich.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-60 Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-60_FCA_05 Title A name given to the resource Soldier in uniform Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Soldiers Military life United States. Army. Field Artillery Regiment, 328th United States. Army. Fort Custer (Mich.) Camp Custer (Mich.) Photographs Description An account of the resource Soldier in uniform, 1918. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived D.J. Angus photographs, RHC-04 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War I Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f14871f761b5ce7ebf0cbf5c69b7d090.jpg 929c8cfcc99b25a55ea48704947721d2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard Platte Red Arrow Division collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Platte, Richard Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs and a scrapbook pertaining to the 126th Infantry, 32nd (Red Arrow) Division of the U.S. Army. Sgt. Richard "Dick" Platte, of Grand Rapids, Michigan, served in the U.S. Army, 32nd Infantry "Red Arrow" Division, 126th 3rd Battalion, Headquarters Company. The company trained for the war in Europe at Camp Livingston, Louisiana in 1941 and conducted maneuvers near Camp Beauregard. In the spring of 1942 the 32nd Division sailed to the South Pacific and settled in Australia. The 126th Regiment was organized into a combat team and was the first of U.S. forces dispatched to Port Moresby in New Guinea. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1941-1945 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Richard Platte Red Arrow Division collection (RHC-99) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource United States. Army United States. Army. Infantry Division, 32nd United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 126th World War, 1939-1945 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-99 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Still image Text Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-99_Platte_013_1941 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unkown Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1941 Title A name given to the resource Soldier posing on ground with rifle Description An account of the resource Soldier posing on ground with rifle. Headquarters Company, 126th Infantry maneuvers at Camp Livingston. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Army World War, 1939-1945 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/635">Richard Platte Red Arrow Division Collection, (RHC-99)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b5749e51968f5cfa7eceabe50566a53b.jpg b8d92f3bf2e764028f9f386f42620f70 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0fd5344a749d9912834b097df05f73c7.jpg 316e87af7406d7c9a4e3ee52f57eea98 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Soldier with cannon Description An account of the resource Design shows a soldier guarding a cannon with the camp in the background. Design in red and blue on a white envelope. Magee Stationer, 2d & Chestnut. (L1952) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-49_PE001 Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Postal service--United States--History Covers (Philatety)--United States--History Patriotic envelopes Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War patriotic envelopes, (RHC-49)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b29d2f89ac70512b2adfd6d71e21f839.jpg f5b36f58f139e64d3a256db8250c45bd https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8090088cd15f3ba48a8f54a15765fecd.jpg 366169e283ca297faae2df22f1db9beb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Soldier with sword and flag Description An account of the resource Design shows soldier with sword and flag in small circle with thirteen stars around border and "VICTORY." Design in purple on white envelope. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-49_PE009 Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Postal service--United States--History Covers (Philatety)--United States--History Patriotic envelopes Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War patriotic envelopes, (RHC-49)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3eaa8bea47b3127a2fb6109cd20f63d9.jpg 112e456c2b2d3a10d089a2e243d4d95d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource F. C. Angus collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Description An account of the resource Photographs of Sergeant F.C. Angus, Battery A 328th Field Artillery, American Express Forces, by D. J. Angus. The 328th Field Artillery was one of the last horse drawn Filed Artilleries in combat. The correspondence between Angus, his brother D.J. and his parents took place while he was stationed at Camp Custer, MI, multiple camps in France and Fort Mills, NY during World War I. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War I Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917/1918 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus photographs and films (RHC-04)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Soldiers Military life United States. Army. Fort Custer (Mich.) Camp Custer (Mich.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-60 Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-60_Custer05 Title A name given to the resource Soldiers at Camp Custer, Michigan Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Soldiers Military life United States. Army. Field Artillery Regiment, 328th Photographs Description An account of the resource Soldiers at Camp Custer, Michigan Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived D.J. Angus photographs, RHC-04 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War I Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b334faf83700914dbe17c872ece0c83a.jpg 6c3f09f9b22963d1a6f88a72a4b9df43 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource F. C. Angus collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Description An account of the resource Photographs of Sergeant F.C. Angus, Battery A 328th Field Artillery, American Express Forces, by D. J. Angus. The 328th Field Artillery was one of the last horse drawn Filed Artilleries in combat. The correspondence between Angus, his brother D.J. and his parents took place while he was stationed at Camp Custer, MI, multiple camps in France and Fort Mills, NY during World War I. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War I Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917/1918 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus photographs and films (RHC-04)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Soldiers Military life United States. Army. Fort Custer (Mich.) Camp Custer (Mich.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-60 Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-60_Custer07 Title A name given to the resource Soldiers at Camp Custer, Michigan Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Soldiers Military life United States. Army. Field Artillery Regiment, 328th Photographs Description An account of the resource Soldiers at Camp Custer, Michigan Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived D.J. Angus photographs, RHC-04 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War I Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4d9db13f8cedcc36aa72f5864d80cd9f.jpg 096a509e1f98a6078cf125a2908a0326 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource F. C. Angus collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Description An account of the resource Photographs of Sergeant F.C. Angus, Battery A 328th Field Artillery, American Express Forces, by D. J. Angus. The 328th Field Artillery was one of the last horse drawn Filed Artilleries in combat. The correspondence between Angus, his brother D.J. and his parents took place while he was stationed at Camp Custer, MI, multiple camps in France and Fort Mills, NY during World War I. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War I Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917/1918 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus photographs and films (RHC-04)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Soldiers Military life United States. Army. Fort Custer (Mich.) Camp Custer (Mich.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-60 Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-60_Custer08 Title A name given to the resource Soldiers at Camp Custer, Michigan Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Soldiers Military life United States. Army. Field Artillery Regiment, 328th Photographs Description An account of the resource Soldiers at Camp Custer, Michigan Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived D.J. Angus photographs, RHC-04 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War I Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/7f5dd38e83b43e45ed46bd1f3fb0edf7.jpg 2e17db98167abdc151dba02e3a89ee2f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource F. C. Angus collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Description An account of the resource Photographs of Sergeant F.C. Angus, Battery A 328th Field Artillery, American Express Forces, by D. J. Angus. The 328th Field Artillery was one of the last horse drawn Filed Artilleries in combat. The correspondence between Angus, his brother D.J. and his parents took place while he was stationed at Camp Custer, MI, multiple camps in France and Fort Mills, NY during World War I. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War I Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917/1918 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus photographs and films (RHC-04)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Soldiers Military life United States. Army. Fort Custer (Mich.) Camp Custer (Mich.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-60 Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-60_Custer09 Title A name given to the resource Soldiers at Camp Custer, Michigan Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Soldiers Military life United States. Army. Field Artillery Regiment, 328th Photographs Description An account of the resource Soldiers at Camp Custer, Michigan Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived D.J. Angus photographs, RHC-04 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War I Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/84b96fa103a57572ad818ed624de4a3c.jpg 9b31395e3da842aae0c79a6c36e2101b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource F. C. Angus collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Description An account of the resource Photographs of Sergeant F.C. Angus, Battery A 328th Field Artillery, American Express Forces, by D. J. Angus. The 328th Field Artillery was one of the last horse drawn Filed Artilleries in combat. The correspondence between Angus, his brother D.J. and his parents took place while he was stationed at Camp Custer, MI, multiple camps in France and Fort Mills, NY during World War I. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War I Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917/1918 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus photographs and films (RHC-04)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Soldiers Military life United States. Army. Fort Custer (Mich.) Camp Custer (Mich.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-60 Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-60_Custer16 Title A name given to the resource Soldiers at Camp Custer, Michigan Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Soldiers Military life United States. Army. Field Artillery Regiment, 328th United States. Army. Fort Custer (Mich.) Camp Custer (Mich.) Photographs Description An account of the resource Soldiers at Camp Custer, Michigan, 1918. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived D.J. Angus photographs, RHC-04 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War I Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/11e5bd2e03a9e13760f468a378b0d499.jpg 4476d8392ee4c3e141b93274db39fbe2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource F. C. Angus collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Description An account of the resource Photographs of Sergeant F.C. Angus, Battery A 328th Field Artillery, American Express Forces, by D. J. Angus. The 328th Field Artillery was one of the last horse drawn Filed Artilleries in combat. The correspondence between Angus, his brother D.J. and his parents took place while he was stationed at Camp Custer, MI, multiple camps in France and Fort Mills, NY during World War I. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War I Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917/1918 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus photographs and films (RHC-04)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Soldiers Military life United States. Army. Fort Custer (Mich.) Camp Custer (Mich.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-60 Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-60_Custer17 Title A name given to the resource Soldiers at Camp Custer, Michigan Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Soldiers Military life United States. Army. Field Artillery Regiment, 328th United States. Army. Fort Custer (Mich.) Camp Custer (Mich.) Photographs Description An account of the resource Soldiers at Camp Custer, Michigan, 1918 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived D.J. Angus photographs, RHC-04 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War I Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a9425f4594dfee88ff5b53a2deb1274f.mp3 79173865e24990985de15ef9881894d6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Event Midweek Lenten Service Scripture Text Luke 19:45-20:8, Jeremiah 7:1-7, Isaiah 42:1-4 Location The location of the interview Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01_RA-0-19970312 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1997-03-12 Title A name given to the resource Soldiers at Play: The Human Shadow-side Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Sermons Relation A related resource Richard A. Rhem - An Archive of Sermons, Prayers, Talks and Stories: http://richardrhem.org/ Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Description An account of the resource A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on March 12, 1997 entitled "Soldiers at Play: The Human Shadow-side", on the occasion of Midweek Lenten Service, at Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI. Scripture references: Luke 19:45-20:8, Jeremiah 7:1-7, Isaiah 42:1-4. https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/03f8ddad92ee7e1c9031cce5eb7dbd4f.jpg 07eb7877a4490fa88ff6b8eaa3a26aee Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource F. W. Beasecker collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beasecker, Helen Starr, 1912-1994 Beasecker, F.W. (Francis Wallace), 1917-1971 Description An account of the resource Photographs of Lt. (later Capt.) F.W. Beasecker, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Photographs of training at Camp Edwards, Massachusetts; visit to the Gibbon Boat Works in New Orleans, manufacturer of parts for the LCVP; housing in Carabelle, Florida; and Signal Corps and Engineer Amphibian Command photographs taken in Cairns, Australia. Images taken in Australia include construction of the landing craft boat assembly plant, production and testing of the LCVP and snapshots taken by Beasecker during his active duty with the 411th Engineer Battalion during WWII. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942/1946 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/457">F.W. Beasecker papers (RHC-29)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Engineering and construction World War, 1939-1945 -- Pacific Ocean United States Boatbuilding Landing craft Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-29 Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-29_Camp_Edwards_01 Title A name given to the resource Soldiers await departure from Camp Edwards, Massachusetts Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1939-1945 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military United States. Army. Camp Edwards Military life Soldiers Photographs Description An account of the resource Soldiers await departure from Camp Edwards, Massachusetts, October 1942. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beasecker F.W. (Francis Wallace), 1917-1971 United States Army. Signal Corps. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived F. W. Beasecker papers, RHC-29 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8c4d79d692d23ba7c537331a012150d8.jpg 871aa9287fd3524daae3f20a59e6b7fc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource F. W. Beasecker collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beasecker, Helen Starr, 1912-1994 Beasecker, F.W. (Francis Wallace), 1917-1971 Description An account of the resource Photographs of Lt. (later Capt.) F.W. Beasecker, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Photographs of training at Camp Edwards, Massachusetts; visit to the Gibbon Boat Works in New Orleans, manufacturer of parts for the LCVP; housing in Carabelle, Florida; and Signal Corps and Engineer Amphibian Command photographs taken in Cairns, Australia. Images taken in Australia include construction of the landing craft boat assembly plant, production and testing of the LCVP and snapshots taken by Beasecker during his active duty with the 411th Engineer Battalion during WWII. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942/1946 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/457">F.W. Beasecker papers (RHC-29)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Engineering and construction World War, 1939-1945 -- Pacific Ocean United States Boatbuilding Landing craft Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-29 Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-29_Beasecker_01 Title A name given to the resource Soldiers boarding train at Camp Edwards Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1939-1945 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military United States. Army. Camp Edwards Military life Soldiers Photographs Description An account of the resource Soldiers boarding train departing from Camp Edwards, Massachusetts, 1942. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beasecker F.W. (Francis Wallace), 1917-1971 United States Army. Signal Corps. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived F. W. Beasecker papers, RHC-29 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/10e0cc923e4c734254f85f95e0aa0324.jpg 83978bc028114169afa02892810eec50 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource James Ochs collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ochs, James W. Description An account of the resource Collection includes a photo album of images taken by Ochs, 16 photos taken by the Army Signal Corps of the 26th Infantry Division, and document his tour of duty in France with the 26th Division, friends he acquired in France, and his leisure time activities Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942/1945 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/482">James W. Ochs World War II collection (RHC-55)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1939-1945 United States. Army France Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-55 Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-55_JWO013 Title A name given to the resource Soldiers communicating in a message center in Europe Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1939-1945 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military United States. Army. Signal Photo Company, 166th United States. Army. Infantry Division, 26th Soldiers Military life Photographs Description An account of the resource Soldiers of the 26th Infantry Division communicating in a message center of the 39th Signal Company somewhere in Europe, 1944. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ochs, James W. United States. Army Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived James W. Ochs WWII collection, RHC-55 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives