843 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5593a06cbc70054a1559789cca5406e6.jpg 665f709c19481b33b553a97e6e4c7504 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_MX1908 Title A name given to the resource Royal Sovereign class, British battleship Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Royal Sovereign class, British BB (battleship), May 15, 1945. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy World War, 1939-1945 Great Britain Military education Warships--Recognition Slides Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-05-15 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9ca763c84a468fa610f267c0ca13290d.mp4 3257907be81c0a8073fce5fe50a1c053 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/21133cb256ea276ff4e21d1536953a56.pdf cce08689e5242d6e7e7d634dd0c3e75f PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Jacob Rozema (00:58:22) (00:19) • Born in the Netherlands • Moved to the United States in 1930 during the Depression (00:45-01”15) • Explains the family income (01:33) • Did not follow the war in Europe much before American entry. (02:00) • Brother went back to the Netherlands to fight in the Dutch Army, and became a prisoner of war when the Nazis took over (02:28) • Did not want to join the army immediately after Pearl Harbor because he did not know what it was exactly • He enlisted after they realized the impact (02:55) • Rejected from the army due to flat feet and glasses • He was slightly disappointed (03:53) �• Joined up as a medic because he wanted to help people, and because he really did not want to kill people (04:07) • Trained in Illinois at Camp Grant for three months, basic training • Moved on to Fort Knox in Kentucky for medical training (04:52) • Trained to do anything that was necessary to do on the battlefield to ensure survival (05:08) • Always under the supervision of a doctor, they were not trained to do surgeries, but they did amputations and treated diseases and shell shock, etc. (05:34) • Went to California for more extensive training (06:00) • Went to Oakland to do training for duties over seas • Happy about it because it gave his training more of a purpose (06:20) • 1942-43 winter sent over seas with 18,000 soldiers to Australia • Received more training here (07:31) • Went to New Guinea • Received hot climate and tropical disease training here (08:09) �• Gave out a lot of aspirin and antibiotics for Malaria and such • Describes his duties to fight the tropical diseases, mumbles most of the names of medications (08:49) • Treated patients with shell shock and other mental issues • Not a lot of wounded or dying people involved in his beginning work (09:30) • Treated Malaria, kidney stones, etc • Mostly kept people for only 3 days (09:51) • Was with the 148th Station Hospital (09:56) • Evacuation hospital more for wounded people and a station hospital more for the people with shell shock and people coming down with the mental issues, giving them rest away from the killing mostly (10:48) • Met a few people from Holland (11:13) • Saw a lot of graveyards with the dog tags on the little makeshift posts for the dead soldiers, many unnamed (12:26) • (13:00) Was with the 148th station hospital for 14 months, which moved around a lot �• Describes New Guinea as hot • Used New Guinea natives to do most of the work because they were used to the heat (13:44) • Jacob doesn’t remember a lot of the details about natives, except the head hunters (14:24) • Became a ward master, sometimes supervised more then two wards at once (15:00) • Switched to an evacuation hospital, because he wanted to help people more and did not feel he was really helping people at the station hospital (15:23) • Evacuation hospital in New Guinea in 1944 (16:22) • People came to the evacuation hospital from different areas of the war in the Pacific (17:00) • Went into enemy territory with a unit as medics for the front (18:00) • Caught in the middle of a skirmish and his unit proclaimed dead, but they got out and survived (19:19) • (19:40) Philippine Islands is where the skirmish happened �• Trouble remembering about his experiences (20:12) • Went to Manila with the 71st regiment (??) • A lot of heavy fighting and work (20:32) • No set hospitals, medics just ran out into the battlefield and grabbed the people that could be saved and dragged them behind the lines (21:49) • Had little shops for the shell shock patients to keep them busy so they could recuperate and take their minds off of things (22:29) • Became a hospital chaplain • Played the organ and sang, and helped set up the churches for prayer services (23:40) • Had to search through dead bodies sometimes to get to people they could take back to the hospital area to save, saw countless dead bodies (24:16) • Treated Japanese soldiers too (24:27) • Took care of the Japanese patients, even though many other soldiers wanted them to be killed (24:55) • He was doing all this very close to the front lines in Manila �(26:59) • Was on the boats ready to invade mainland Japan on the island of Kyushu when he found out the war was over (27:50) • Did not believe that the war was over, then he heard about the bombs that were dropped (28:31) • Does not think that the bombs were a good idea to be dropped on all the civilians, but was happy that there was no need for a land invasion anymore (28:37) • Stayed in Japan for two months, found them to be very friendly (29:12) • Amazed at how the Japanese treated the P.O.W.s, but were still so nice and accommodating (30:00) • He was invited over to a Japanese family’s house for dinner • He stepped on their table, and was very upset that it was their dinner table (31:05) • Only treated soldiers while in Japan (32:11) • He commented on how the Filipino people were very happy to see the Americans even though they were all skin and bones, starving (34:47) �• Went swimming and the next day the place was swarming with sharks (37:14) • Japanese went for the medics in battle because they were believed to be as good as killing seven soldiers in one, which made the medics job harder and more dangerous (37:39) • Did not wear the red crosses in the Pacific portion of the war for that reason above (38:15) • While hiding in a fox hole during his mission that ended badly he hid in a fox hole that had about half a dozen decaying bodies of the Japanese (38:55) • He did not loot the bodies, but many people did loot bodies, for gold and stuff (40:05) • Got Malaria, they wouldn’t let him go, but he insisted that he wanted to be home for the 1945 Christmas (40:37) • Did not get compensation for his hearing loss due to the disease because he left (43:20) • Had a pet monkey but he had to leave it behind when he returned to the States (44:31) • Kept a detailed journal about what he was doing as a medic and his experiences, but he thinks someone stole it because he lost it before he returned to the States �(44:48) • The Japanese general Tojo was taken to the hospital that Jacob worked at, he was taken care of for stab wounds to the stomach which was characteristic of the suicide actions taken by the Japanese, but general Tojo failed in his attempt, after he recuperated he was hung for war crimes (46:08) • Mass graves in Manila, with civilians, Filipino women and children • He was disgusted by how the Japanese treated the people of the islands (48:27) • His belief in god kept him going and staying strong and sane because he knew it was his duty and mission to be there and help people (49:17) • Was not married before he left for the war (50:30) • Married in 1964 after they sold a retirement home he owned • Has a happy family (51:58) • Used to be jumpy with loud, sudden noises after he returned home (52:50) • War didn’t really change his outlook on life, he said, because he always wanted to help people and always did (53:50) �• Found his old medical notes and told stories about he was supposed to forget the details and such (55:13) • Hospital unit assigned to the 150th infantry regiment, there was some confusion in the interview about this �_....--~-----~.., xx :1 • ' ----- .......... .__ TIlE DUTY .\S CHAPLAIN IN THE ARMY OF THE U.3 •• PH>\sE !.!.:CVERSEAS IN. nIE ~ .W.PAOIFIC. WITH THE 71'st EVACUATION HOSPITAL, MARC::H.1944-­ NOVEMBER, 19~'· ... NEW-\lUINEA. MARCH. '4.4--J!ll•• ) ... ....-- ../ '4ft. was, The first atep of our overee8:S movement. nr eourse. our tra.in ride fro", Corv"g.1is,Oregon, to our staging area, O*aP JJtO~rftou~dct/,(t~~~JLJJBi ah &J>-.ciIIDld P1ttsburg,undoubtedly because of the large steel mU ':& in that vicini:l)·. We Were here about a Week or ten days to get ready for our oversea trlQvement. Each of us was giv:en his clothing allotment an" other gear. Minl­ -, mttm unit equipment was designated for our b>spit.al. And again each of .us . 'nad to paas a physical exam and be brought up-to-date with immunizations. All chaplains in t.he Tarious units in the sta.ging a.rea attend," a :br·iefil:Dgl·::,~· sc:ssion held in t.he st..Jll'anci,. lfotel in San Prancisco. In addition We "'ore talc to a depot at a S.P. ~.,here each chaplain dre, bis overseas equipment·,in­ cl~ding a portable field organ, a bOx ot hymn-books, an altar set: and even a Jeep. All th·1s would be placed for U8 on board our ship and to be claimed. by us when we would eventually disembark somewbere in the S.W.Pacl~ic. When the time came for our unit, togebher with several others, to board a Libert.y Ship which vas to take us to an unknown destination. this operation _came a :rather moving exp8f'lence. Each of us, carrying on his back a large duffel bag f\l1l 9f personal belongings, moved in a column under­ neAth an arch over which in large letters was the signlUThrough these P9rtals pass the best soldiers in the World·. And all of this was to the aCCoM98,ni­ ment o~ a military band playing martial musio. !hus, n5 we ascended the gang­ plank into the hold o~ the ship, we felt like we were starting out on our ~ble crusade. ' • Our destination,· even 1f it were known to t.he higher bran. was not revealed to us as we . .bar~. f"or obvious reasons. But eac.P of us was per­ mitted to phone his family and tell them that we were at the.point of leaving the ~bte&. Bu't of course, here too, it would have been foolha.rdy to have given the folkS baCk home any other information than 'just that. Whore -w.. ; were headed ~or was not to ld tIII.;1It. &.DIy time during \lt1e 1.'bJlg.\'mir.ell.banl-at Mb'.lIOnth voyage across the Pacific. 1Qward the end of the journey rumor had it that ' it'might be Australia. And then again it was. some islanp in the S.W~Piclflc, o~ whioh there was an untold number. Sb no one really knew, except a rew higher-ups. Actually,~~80meda'te early in·~l'4~ we lande~ at ~~f"e ~ which is at t.he extreme eastern tip at the island or NewGu1.nea~'1 can st.ill remember the ~irst night. after ws landod and had set up our tents under swaying palm trees. Tropical birds of every", dflscription chirped and ~hat.tered and made a racket all night. long. W. knew that we were in the trop~cs.too, because of the heat and the humidity. We' stayed at. this location for several weeks,perhaps even a month, during which time we gpt.\more 'fully equipped with what it would take to funotion as an Evacuation Hospital. While we waited . for orders to mv. on)we had ample time to play g&lIles)such as volley-ball and baseball,and to take hikes. ~jor Arthur Salguero,our unit medical adminis­ trative officer and I usually teamed up for 8uch exploratory hikes. Once on such a tramp we encountered a Datl~e l~bor-batt.alion cutting down underbrush under the watchful ~upervision at a",eel Australian lltO:diers. . ' . In early lul" '44,ve hed~-bopped to the WakdlL~sarmi area, not far from :f8.DxJu~ Hollandia,where General ~c1rthut had his huadqual"ters at that time. Here, through 0 bservation at an already funcUon!ng Evc.euation Hos­ pital, mema.ecrsl of our un! t learned how we lIIQuld b. ,",xpeCited to function at some later time. At that t1Jlle t.Ms area. was atill til t.he combat Zone. A few tim- wile here we had to ·hit·.~ur fox-boles when we received air-raid alarms and heard eXploaions as 'the Japs dropp.w~.bs. We learned afterwards that they were trying to hit an airfield wh!C1i" we had taken from them on a small island just off-sbore from where we were. We dug our foxboles large enough tor tlillD perlOU to &et. into. I still remember how I jumped into a fox-hole already occupied by another one of our off1cers, and how during such an air-raid I .- J �-,-r­ as our bodies touched, we could teel eachother tr8lllble. OUr snit WIlS e1tua'ted in au area adjacent to the veteran 1,& Re~meDtal Oombat Team--hariened soldiers who had already been in battle JIUlny times. &at one ni!ht, even they.alon,; with our own personnel, were 1!I)st. apprehensive, tor not taJ away we could hear shootin~ !pin~ on. There was fear that some J~ .ay have in­ filtrated into our area and that they were shootin! at U8. I can still re.em\er seeln~ 80me of these veteran intantrymen dressed in full combat par seated on th~ ed~e. of their bunks, alert anll ready, with loaded rines in hand and ready to 3U11 into action if' and when any order were pven. !ut soon the shoot1n~ stopped and everyone was more relaxed. The next 'IIOrnin~ we learned what had happenened. There had been no infiltration of Japs, but at m1dni~ht, durln~ the chanr;int; of our own ~ard, so.e of ollr own soldiers, \e11evin,; tha~ such infiltration va.s taklns plac~ had mistakenly shot at. e..chother. In this exohan&8 one of our own soldiers had bee killed. A trapc mistake, ot course. IMrins thi . . . .e hectio ni@;ht, in drenchin~ rain, Oaptain Bins,our gnit psychiatri.t,bad "een jiven an order by our cOlIII&ndln~ oftioer to tp to a certain location in our area to deliver a meB8a~. In tryinl to carry out hi • •i8s1on, as he slushed throu,;h deep wnid~, he slipped and fell into a partially filled foxhole. With 'this shootins r;olnl on nearby he dill not dare to tr to set out ancl stayed there until daybreak--an experience which he no doubt wou14 never forrt. This s. .e n1~t amther one of our lIIedical oN"1cer. went beserk,pre. sumably lteoa1lse he coul" Wt endure t.he ,tres. of illllinent danler. fte vas likely t victim 01' what 1s called battle tatl~e • Cons.quently he was 1IIOved to a lIOre qui area,ani we did not see him apin until some lIlOnths later,when we were ln the Mani area in the Philippines. And there we found that he was now fully recovered. and 1rJ charp of' a ward. 1n one at our m1litary bospi~le. The 158 eollkt 1'eaa bad only reoently been relieved f'or a rest after -: they had. been fghtinl a group ,,1' tall Japanese Inper1al aarines. Jape are u8_11,. short in stature, but these were all tall. 1b relieveithea, a certain regiment of the Sixth Divis10n had. \een pulle" in,who.e speolal as.isn-ent was~to capture a certain airfield still held by the Japs. !dt betbre the, were committed to \attIe, 1I_\ers ot the 158 Oo."at 'l'. ....-yeteran. 1n f'ightbl! .the Jap.--tr1ed to warn lIembe of this reliev1nc unit reprdint; the encirollng tao'tbs thaVthla Bit 01' the enemy otten used. But. offloers of" t.he Sixth DividoD icmrecl thi. advice,' with the reeul that the Ja,. ,layed t.he ..... trick and. ln1'liotea heaVy casualties on tho wh.n tb atteapted to take the airfield. It vas s.veral: days att.er the battle before per­ sonnel .on our side were able to set into the area where the ~att.le had race4 in order to recover the bodies 01' oar dead for burial. I"oan still remember seeins th reCO'very teaa brincinl ln IIOlIIe sixty corp.,. for burial in I. .akeehU't cemetery, The steneh was almost unltearable. "-e bad ·now .eeD..w1th our own eyes the cost. of . com\at. In a history 01' vart'are in the Paoifio.I" read that· the battle f'or the c.p' ture of' this ,articttlar airfield. held. Dy the .,lap. was.at a looation oalle4 Lone Tr· Mill. By the eveninl of 27 May, '44, the 15& aoaltat Teaa bad lost. ~OO 1dlled,.,;)IotMe, or evaototate" .as non-battle casl.lalt1es(such as h.at-exhaust1()n). The Sixth Infantry Divis1on, w~ich vent. in on reliet on 14 Jde, D1 the end of their operation lest 1, aenkUlecl, 8,0 .,unded and evaouate"(I1&:ny trolil s~1tn888,heat exhaU8tion and ,syche somatic di80rier8~. The Ja,s lost ,00 kill••. and ~:·wounded. The next jump f'0J' us in our 'hedge..tiop,inS'· was to &111lC) at the extreme west end 01' New Chin.a, in the so-called Dutch' ,.trt,tei a '8JIlall island in the Gel ... vinck Bay, lfoead'bor. A. few da,.. \efore we JIUlde ow aaphi1tious landinf there the 1~ Co••aT." '1'. . had already arrived by pa~h\lte ancl· .leo in an amph bious landinr;. Their, prt.ar;yobjeotive wad to takeanalrfield fro. ~he Jape f'rom which they bad been flyinl,.sortle. alainst ue. Ke~e, we wer~oJ'Clered 'to set up shop as a b;)spital and to z:eoelve aD4treat any oasualties of-i:tu!' trcto,. trolll this figbtinl. Fortunat' 1y, cas.~ltles were relatively ll~ht.. Neverheles.,t.h&re were enou~ to require us to set several pyramUal tents to care tor the 'ft)\lnded. Several Ja,s who bad fIt into'the jlUll[lfts, al80 wera brought in to us to b. treat". In addition _ny 1n40· nesians an~;~rmosans whom the .,la,s ware .sinl as laborere, and wbo were terribly .alnouri.sh" and diseasedJ ltecqe patients in bch,ltal. These and tbe Ja, pria­ onere wer.e kept. in separaT.e wards 1n our ho.p1".. aac! were of course unier conistan1 pr~., "Th"7 ~re, all terribly unkempt and emaclat..d,.,so th'tt th..~ ware cleaned UPI delous.d" ...~~ liven SOlle proper food. Our oper!!1tlo~n.lbemfoor bland were ao­ tually ~re extensive than 1 have deecrlbedabove. 1618"oan be seen from a p.,er whleb I r.cently discovered. in JIll _tUest 'ateel 1 'Jamaa~, 1945. ThiS docuaent was eent to our hospital by ftKADQ;t1ARTDS SIxTll ARMY, A1'O 442,GENlRAL ORDRI,lb.l,a ,art. of which read. as follow.. (sae next pa~e) -, 1­ a19"" tI, QUr �....- "::"' -57~­ ~A ~~ITORIOUS SSRVIO! UNIT PLAQUE is awarded by the Commandin~ General,Sixth Army to the follow1nl; unitJ I"at ivacl.l9.tlon Kosplta!<Sem). Jl'roW16 July to 1 Deee••er 1944 the 7"st Evacuation Hospital baRdl" all llIedical services and .u,~ly on Noemfoor Island, Dutch New GI.llnea. The hospital was operated at full, 400 lied oa,ulty within fOUT days atter arrival on I>-DIly plu8 six. A 'totlll of 2.~2 patienta, includ1nS 14, Japaneae prllOnera, were tTeated in three month's tillle with a mortality rate of only three-tenth. of one percent. The hospital ef­ ficiently maintained and operated a llIedieal sup~ly depot for the entire island. The organization al80 coBr.inated, adalai.ter"; and oparated evacuation facili­ ties, evacyatlng 1,011 patienta. Deapite the many o88tacl.s encountered, inelud­ in! enemy air raids, shorta~e of peracnUlel, lon& hours of lIOrk, and inclelllent weather, the orticers and llIen of this unit have displayed the most exemplary ini­ tiative,energy and devotion to duty. They have maintained the higheat standards of efficiency,discipline, and morale and have contribu~d greatly to the succe.s of this operation. By oo_ncl ot Lieutenan.t General JCRUEGs::R." In a few days afte., our JOD wit.h them wa.·tinl~n.4: ~hey. were -.t.aken ellewhere a. our prisoners and p08sibly used as labOrers, but of course always under ~ard. One day a soldier of the 158 Oombat Team who was a patient in our hos­ pit.al came to me in my chaplain tent-office with his problem. He had not been wounded. Nevertheless he had \een sent to our hospit.al ~ecau8e he had discover­ ed that the muscles of his arms and shol.llders had suddenly become tight. and rigid. preventing him f~m lifting his rifle. H1s commanding orricer, no dOUbt, believed that. this soldier was .al1ngerln~ and was perhaps dellierately rakln~ his ina\111­ ty to perform hi- duty as an infantryman. Our hospital medical offieer. dia~­ noeed his difficulty as what waa then called ·~attle fatigue". This means that that they believed he had developed a physical disability '.cause of fear of the poe.iil1lty of ~ettinl killed in COlllbat. 1bdey psychiatrists ~uld .ay that his was a ease of ·conversion hysteria." I Deliev. that. he c.... to llIe with hi. probl.m because he had come to suspect --and ri~h~lly 8O--that hi. problem had it. roots in the moral and re­ 11g10u. Deliefs he held. Me told llIe that this IO-call.d p~ralysia came on him suidenly ,after he had shot a Japanese soldier. MOreover, he said he knew that he had killed him because he saw him topple over. s.,ha.izing his beliet that all kll1in~ is murder, even when it takes place ln co.iat, he repeated the sixth Oom­ mandment t "Thou shalt not kill," and .aid he· felt. that abd ~uld hold him eter­ nally responsible fbr having .1Oken ~his commandmeat in killin! this Jap. I ask­ ed him next whether this was a recent .eU.t 0 f hiS, or whet.her, when he was ...­ in! called up into service, he already held this viev. His anewer w.s that he always ~elleved this. I then told him that if this vere so, why did he not de­ clar. himself aa a conschntioua o.jactor frolll the start, 80 that then th.y oould have placed him 1n a non-collliat unit rather than in the infantry. H11 answer to that was that he bad not done so .ecause he did not want to appear to 'e a Shirke-,­ or a cowarcl. 01ear1y he hael a ~llt complex "ca\&•• of what he had done. And noW his Dody was com1nC to hie asdstance 1n cau.lng that very part of his bod; ..­ apecially involved in lhooting to be incapacitat.d ~ conversion hy8teria. I IIlW wy duty elearlt to lte to t.ry, if at all po . . iile, to rid him of his ~llt co.­ plex. I also saw that at this Ita!e 1n hi. military career it would do no !ood for him to declare himselt to ie a conecientious 0 Itjector with the that havinr; done 80 he might. be transferred to lOme aon-comiat unit. MillMJot •.\ltb;)rit1ea 'C)uIel refuse to 40 80 anyway, ieUevin! that he waa only a mal1n!erer tryinr; to avoid hAzardous duty. !net 8Q this 18 the 1o!1c I \& •• 4 with hi.. I told him that to ie lure there i. alway. r;u.Ut conneot.d witn. the killinC of any bl.llll&n teinS. I alao told hi. that I a&r.ed with hia, of couree, that a Japan••• soldier 18 a h"'n ieinc. But I declared my.elf as tel levin! that the guilt of all such killin~ In armed com.at is to be \orne iy the n ationa Involvect in .\&c1'1 com_at, and not ~y the· individual 1IOlcUer. who do the kill1l'll. Th. 80141er is only the "agent" of the (00 nUnuecl, next pa~e) ha. ho,•• �-~­ r,overnaent. llnd it. 18 the &overnlllent. t.hat. _eare ~he responsl_iHty find ~1lt.. I told him thnt in 8hoo~in~ t.his part.icular Japanese soldier he was only C8r­ ryin~ out hie duty as a soldier. ~rthereore I told pim that. when this Japan­ eee soldier appearee .efore h1Jll it wes likely t.haV-ti;e~r t.h • .Ia, would \e killd. or \ath. HIs Jcl11in~ could rI,htly Ite aaid to haTe been clone 1n Maolf cietenae.· (The reader of my story oan lIeoide tor hiJIIself whether he considers my rea80nin~ in ~hi. ca •• to have ~.en sound, or whether 1t ... • erely a convenient rationalization to justlty war .n~ killinl that tak•• plac. 1n war). In any ca.e I looke' upon it as my duty to tree .y 5014i8r­ patient ot his ~11t complex, it at all posaible, SO t.hat h. al~t. •• reliev­ •• of hia hyateria and his aoeompanyins pby_leal incapacity. Wbether or not .y oounae1l1n, leuiona(for I ha4. more then one with him) really helped hi. I do not re.....r. But in tbe .eant.lme I ha4 con­ terencea "ith the aeaieal teu of our hospital. Inc~udin~ Cspt.Bin!, our unit ,sychiatrist, a~ut this 501111er. They acr." that wy lo~ic with thls soldier wae warrante•• and they fUrthermore .xpr•••• d themselves of the ltelier that atter a period of rest away troll the strell of co.ltat it would be ponltle to send this soldier .ack to hil unit. How the authorities in hi. ~nit interprete. our consolidate. report on this eol«l.r ... how they followe4 1t up I have no way of kno"in~1 ItLlt at least "'. had clone what we coul. with and for hia. Att.r the airfi.ld on Nbellfoor I.laD4 had .een eaptured and the Jape had ••en -appei up our en«ineerl l.n&tbene' ita runways 80 that they cou14 'e uncl Ity our 8-29 \oa.en to 1'11' .i"lone to hit the lti,; 011 installations which the Japs haa in !brneo, and th~. to orlpple thea 1n the where-withal to fi~ht. ~t when our :8-29_ were to take off fro_ the Nete.foor airt'1.a With their heavy ~mb loads there was ,;reat .an~.r. it they bad tl"Oultle pttin~ air~rae, that they Ili~ht crash into our ho.,ital area--for we were looatscl ri~bt 1n t.heir p..th. A.D« so whenever they were tp1n~ ~ 't,ake o'ft we were al ..rtecl ahead of t.ime, an4 .. mucb as Possible w. lIIO.e' to the 8ille of their fU~bt. ,ath. ~r­ t~at.11 noae of these planee ever .r•• ~ Oft take-off. I .till r ••••ber that I clicl;~(tlciate at tb. iurisl of a few infantrymen who •• re. .ln. we lald to rut ~n t.he tempou!'1 .ilitary celletery on ICoellf'oor Illan'. We were at thts looation fro. e.rly July. 1944 until early JanMary. 194,. when "e w.re destlne. to move to lO.e ,art of the Phili,pine I.landl. AB. aln•• it waa anticipat" that our landin! there woula ln all likelihood ~e an amphl\10u8 one, it wa. considere. illportant that while we were .till 1n N.w Gu1nea~-oulG \e ",.11 t.hat we should h.... a -trial r~n· for th1s type of laDd1n,. To ~t lI. rea.y fbI' lhh our unit,aptt..r with several oth.rs, .&tIe ...eh a ,ncUee lan.in~ on Japen I.laDd. ju. . .tt ~ coaat ot New Guinea, ane not rar tro. where we then wer.. '!'hie wa. to ,ive eYeryone in such an o,eration an 14ea or hew thlS wa. to \e dOlle 1n an effill ••t .anner. the navie-tora of' the LS'1'. were to l.arn how to _aeawer their cra1't, an.« .11 pereoftnel were to learn bow to eli•• down ro,. la.,den -t",n, over the elie or the veuel. with full pa.eks atr",pe. on our .boulier., an' how to wad. to .hor. throl.lt;h walat or sbololl.er-dee, water. So now we w.re read,. for the next cha,ter 1n our e. .palp in the S.W. Pacitle. We will t.ll that ator, ••• we r ••••ber it, 1n the next . ~,t«"... 8. Tim P!ILIPPINI LIBERATION O.ucPlIGlf--JANlJARl-AUGUST. 1945 , NOw a~aln, j",at like .e did not know our exact or eTen ,ro.a.te •••­ tiftatton when w. le1't SaD hanc!.aco. 80 h.r. a'81n we not know,enroute, Where we were .e.tlne' to mak. that u,hlltio~a lanainl for wblch we be. hac 0\0' ,racthe i,.i11. Ve offh.r. of the units on ~arcl 0\11' transport expertene­ e. the l",xl.lry of eatt.a, with' the fta"T ott1eer. ill th.ir •••• aDCl reHah•• the ••at 1'00. that w. hael he« tor eo•• U... W no .o ••t all p.reonn.1 \etter ,on ioarll ship than "e whU. atill 1n lev lAtinea. W. baci. now lisen at .ea tor eolle ia,s. W. knew when 'I. hili r ...oh" the PhUl"in• • • •n w. . . w our IIhtp mY1n,; ~.t".en 1011. of tbe naerO\lS idaM. tpt aake u, thh oountry. Our first. i"kline that .e were ."roac~ftI a po.. tlth kttle Cone wa. when we It.pD 1 J ..ein! 10•• ot our own ca.aar4 ship. whioh pre.... U" taali .e.ft 1n 110 . . . . nl '-7 Ii'" ha. fare. �remember that I was asked by acme mellibers of a Philippine Baptist church to conduct a service in their church. They were overflowin~ with exhuber&nce because of their liberation from the Japanese. Thr.r hailed us as heroes and 11 ber.tor.,.. I weIR. about my duties as a chaplain in our hospital vis1tin~ at the be.sides of lar&e numbers or the ~~nde~ and maimed that were sent to U8 from variou8 forwar4 COlllba.t unite. Besides trying to brin! them whatever . comfort 1 could by chattinl with them and offer1nl prayers for them where this was appropriate, I found that there was a. very practieal 8~rvlce I could render I18.ny of them. Some of these soldiers were 80 IIIllnt;ltd. and shot up the.\· they ware either psycholot;ically of physically unable to write to their loved ones Dack in the States to tell them what had happened to them. Menee. 8. they told their stories to me, I WOl.llcl talce notes,. They then invariably ber;­ ed. lI.e to write to tho hollS folks on their behalf. And of course I prolll1sed to do 80. Iobre orten than !'lOt before the day wa" over I had written those lotter. for them. A. touehin~ thln~ which I 0 b8erve~hat./if t.hey had been ~unded ratb~r badly, such as losins an 8ra or a leI, they then wanted. me to be sure not to exa!t;erate their condition in the me8Sat;eS which I was to write for thom. They did not want to shock a wife,_ parent or a sweetheart back home or cause them to worry about them. Such pllantryl When we were atill 1n the ~8ar1o & Damortl. area. &uards were po sted at ni~ht at the pe!limeters and throughout ol.lr bivouc areas to ap­ Frehand any Jape who might attempt to infiltrate. 10 detect whether anyone movin~ in the area was friend or foe the p... s-word was ehant;ed each nl~ht. There was a chaplain who belonged to one of the units who was hard of hearin&. One night when he IJPt up from his bunk to ~ to the latrine a t;U8.rd ehfll' lenged him to ,ive the pass-word. Evidently he did not hear the challenge, or at least he did not respond. As a result the guard let him have it. and he was shot to death. It is one thing to lOllS personnel at the hands of the enemy. but doUbly tragic when death Co~e! as the ~e8ult of' such an apparently unnecessary mistake. (now gp to pat;e to) , ... . �Jr. a liffiited wey I hurl e Lr-eady bCf.;un thi::; l<:tter ..Jdtinr; s e r-v Lc e \ihen ct Ll l in New Guinf1&. ~l.1t the period when I \'Ias to do this j n much i"rcat'3T vo Iune ~/a3 i...hen we received heavier c1i8W11ties fro~1 the fighting der", by the 37'th Di v Ls Io n and the 1 1 s t ~av'.lry Division in the re-tal.inG of t he city of'Vr.nila. That was in January,Fo:lcrunry e.nd ~1flrch -:;f 19'1';'. D..iring th·~t period, even t.bo ugh I '1ould write such letters from 11i)' notes until Lat,e ~nt0 the night, I sometimes fell two or three days behind roy schedule in get­ t i :J6 of'f rr:y letters f'or our wounded patients. I still have on file several t;,-.lchin;;- letters which r received from folks back home to who!!! I had writt.en 3u~h letters. There were also times when it was my sad juty to inform loved o ne s about th~ de e.t.h of a soldier-patient. In those cases 'tlhere I conducted a burl!:.l service for such men(and it was in ~race Parbl.!B.nila, that I held ffiany $uch services) I let the folks back home~~e Scriptures rod prayers I h~d used in such committal services. This brou~h~ from them letters of' th~nks. One such letter I still treasur.e because of it; d-eep felt expr es sdo n or gr9.H­ tude for the service I had rendered in this manner. But once while We Were st:ll stati~ned in ~~nila I was reprimanded, or at least cautio~ed. through channel s , to be careful not to be so prompt, in writing to the families of deceased soldiers. The reason given me wes: that in some instances my me3sage had reached the family before the offictal word had re&ched them from the \'!ar Department. Thereafter I did not -have to feel that I was remiss in T'JY duty in delaying getting off my messages to the home folks, even if I person­ ~l'y felt th~t I Was sometimes two or thre~ days behind my own schedule in do In; so. nut it gave me gref.lt d es l of satisfaction to 1:110\01 that in wh9.t othen-tide mig:ht be a rather impersonal world I could render this reo r-e personal 5ervice. It was the least that I could do. Our Amerie~n llber~ting army had now pretty well pushed any remaining Japanese troops into the hills where they would be mopped up and away from the main cobblestone highway which leads down to i-fanila. h noW the way was open for the major units that were to besiege V~ni1a from behind(i.e.,from the north !.tnd....east) to move on to their objective. 'l'he rOl:l.Q W&S now ja!lllued wi~h army vehicles of every description and troops steadilY.ll'lOvin!r down this corridor. One day &9 we were doing so word was sent on ahel:l.d to us th~t General ~~c Arthur himself and his staff ~ere not very far behind Ud, and that - we get off the road to both sides to fet him pass in his triurr.phe.l mer ch or ride into the city in fulfillment of the promise he hue made three years before, when he had left the Philippines, when he had said: "I \il) 1 return". '3:> here he came and r.is staff with him. He was seated in a command C!2.r ... hd c h na tur e l Iv had on it his stars of r ank and flying his General's flai;'. It and its e ccom­ p3ning vehicles moved past us so quickly, however, that I barely caught ti glil'!pse of him, corncob pipe in his mouth. and his jaw jutting out in ib usual d et.e rmi.ned manner. He was indeed returning, as he had seid he would do I As our party approached the outskirts of the city a. sco ut f ng pa r t.y from our unit had been sent on ahead to select ~ suitable pIece for U3 to set up our Evacuation Hospital. The site which was chosen was at the extr~me east­ ern outskirts of the city. There ~/as a beer brewery on one side 0 f the road and a tannery on the other side, but a bit up~ on a small knoll. The tan­ nery wag chosen as the place where we yhi~t up our hospital. Here were some b~ildings Which, after cleaning them up,were converted into the operating-rooms part of our hospital. But the wards for the recovering patients of our hospiysl ~Iould as usual be our large pyramidal tents with- cots to serve for patient's beds. >\fter all we were a semi-mobile unit. But at the very edge of our a r eu ~II:'S an artillery liost. Sever~l large 50 mm artillery guns had been set !-IP on thi3 bluff which were almost constantly lobbing their bi~ shells ilrto the heart of the city. For the Japs had barracaded th~mselves in the IHrge l:l.nd rror e sturdy stone and brick buildings there, 80 it was necessary for our artillery to ~ batter them down before the infantry could storm them and burn the Japs out with flame throwers and MOp up with rifle fire. I c&n still re­ W(; ;~ere �t;l~ tL\s bt13J' 3~} ";'jr...l.:>.:1..II::. ";o~ld not !·ut-L..i es o u r e s r d r-ums , ?ut ",,{:r. ~.:; ..''.; .o u Ld t,)' }-:t us from pcr:'orwing OlU' i.",,_j.Jiti.,l d.ut t e a , '\'e W~:l" 1':>0 which were brou.;ht to us not v(JIy ly It;.,:·ulttnc<,,,; ~.ut i r tt:tWlpilj~: [...,.i.~~ ~::ef;jp tr,,;,t.1",~ ~El:::uli.lties kinca 0 f'lIehtcles. :):Jr hospitlil operated at full capllcity in th1s bctiltion in Mar,i1~ d u r Inr: Dart of the month of J,\nuary, during all of' F~bruary and part of Y.arch, ., . " 194'". This was the busiest time for 1.18 in our overseas operations. ve knew !i.h~"lld o f time that we would be receiv1ng many more patients than we JttO; had ever had before beClluae we knew that the f'et8.king of the city of Manila would involv intense fighting. with neither aide taking prieonerl. We aleo knew that the wounds whieh our soldiers would suffer lIOuld. be vor •• tl;w.n we bAd needed to tre at any t1me previously. That is also why, during this period, a brain surgeon had bean hdded to our surgical staff, tor we anticipated that there would te m~ny severe head injuries. It was soon olear that it had been wise that we had this ~~L~ented staff. All medics 1nd surgeons and their helpers were ~ept ~u~y a ro und the clock for these weeks while the siege of' Manila went on. Aa a chaplain I certainly also knew what to do. It was here th9.t I Wii! busier with rr.y ministrations to the ~unded and the sick than at 'lny time while o ver aea s , '.'{hen the doctors and surgeons had done what they could with tLe wour.ded they were laid out on litters 1n an area between the operatin~ rooms ~n the wards the..t. were to r ec e Lve them. I wollid circulate !,'l.!lX)r.g these littets ,c;ivi:~g such cOl'!'fort as I could to allay there anxieties and fears. Uso r,was ?erdHed to of~er cold drinks from our hospital reefer(refrigerEttor) t.o non­ 3urgicll pati"nts, and perh8.ps light cigarettes for those who were perrr.Hted to have them, to help quiet their r.erves. Each litter was so ta~fed that I would ~no·.-J bow to CMI with the person on 11'.. Pbr those thl".t had been zo ved into eJU' hos?ital lisrus I not only tried to :>r1ng whatever cheer I could by mea ne o f' c~nvers~tion ~nd prayer. where it was p13usible, but here my 4etter ~riti~g to Lovec ones bacl<: in the States on behs If' of the more seriously wounded ... as ~,t H, peak. I remember needing to write these letters until lat~ into the ni~ht i~ order to keep up this service. Zarlier when I descr1b~d our Tarl~c op~ratio~s ".c1 went into some details regarding this service. U this time, too, !'t very active end efficient Red :r"5'~ Di r e c to r l'y the :1'.. me of .;l .. nc ey , WllS 'lttached to our ho"pit,'I. He lind T f'r e quer.t Ly :':J::.dt: tr1:)5 l.y veb i c Le to a Red Sross warehouse where we o b t a i r.e d 'i l s r-ge v a r i e t.y of' '"h,t ',;_·1"e c e Tl ed ncom~o:'t items" which we gave out '..0 o ur F ~ier.ts gr vt.Ls , To::., ~ften it he,e be zn sb.id th'it the Hed Oross only so Ld H,;:",!!:) to so Ld Le r s , I can Jay 'J,)1t pc s Lt Lve Iy t hc t, '1-.13 cel·t""inly was not th~ case in our op6re.ticn.3,)~.e c f" t l.-. tt1ingq we gave Ollt we r e s tooth brushes arid to,':'t~·It>,-,st·~,r·-"ors,~h,;i:'l~ c r e vm , l:'t~r-f:hl1..,e lotion,combl>J,cigsrettes, corn-cob jJij::r:!s( !;ti:r... L~t=d,n) ':o'Jt·t. by our cO:lm),n:':er 3en'1 ~~ttC Arthur's f.;rofile) s Io r.g ',~i'th s:""oldnf, tobP.CCO.0CCl:iS1.:'1, 'Illy J:.ne cig:.rs, end even plug'f;;j chewing tob::.cco, i:' » nyo ne wRnted it. T3Jt it ,",,0-11.:: :'01. hs v e been discreet for !Ue to h't"~ eiv'~n 'OIny 0" th"t OJ'I. t.o pctients in 0,,1' r.v~t'it1:Jl. Jn our previous overseas operations as a hospit&.l our:::;.:;. had r e Fu s e d tv h~v~ ,~eric':ln female nurses on cur staf"', Whatever his r e s so n was , i1ut no v , be e-rus e of the ~r,~at need for no r e nurses some Phillppioo nurses were t ake n en :0 ~'J~'.,jlement our staff. ~"e really needed them, and they were a g rea t help. Of co ur s e I held Protest13nt church services re!?;lJlarly, :it,tended bv member, of' o ur stJf: 'ino to.mb-..ll.:ltory patients. .\nd for our bedfast patients I" tad d evo t Io ns ut bed sd d e whe~ r e que s t ed or when it seemed fitting. Every mllit"l~Y chaplain is ;hi.l,rg~d wit. the responsibility of' making arrangements for r c l Lz Io us ministrlitio: r o r :'\.1 per sor.n(!l. Hence I contacted Oatrol1c chaplains from other units t:> hole: masses. Silt because JeWish chaplainl were very scaroe, several of the M.D. on our st'iff w~ were JeWish volunteered to take care of the needs of' t he J j\ ish personnel • . �-' " \ ..,~lii WIn 01': \of ,",. e:=::" ~ i~ When our trocps entered the city of 1·1anila one of the first r la c e s t.hey I i b.~nted was a place called Sant._ T)IOm' • • ~ re.ia 4q~Siat:B 1.... ~hi!l weq a University,.. 'PH • .\t any rate it waa in the building of this int-U­ t ~:;2; u llt • \of: f~ C tuBon that the Jape had held as prisoners ma.ny ,J,mericllns who hnd served in the 011 J.::i~ i?h11ippine8 as mls-slonaries,t.eachel"lI,doctorll and bUBlne8~men. ~'hen they ",ere ~:~~ liberatea it was found th~t they had been terribly ~bused and maltre~ted by I ';;=.~~ thei~ c ap tc r s , l'bst of them suffered from malnutrition and as a. result ... ere !:-!~ very emac Lat ed , and many of them suffered from a variety of disea:HHI. Hence ... ~. \of many ,:d' them B.' SO became patients in our hospital. ~ng them I remember es­ :;~ 0 pee'1ally a Rom~n Oatho lie priest who, ·....hen he had been resto red to a suffieient • u~ ~ measure of' hes l t.h helped to fill our need for Catholic chup l e t na by saying I~fJ~I mUSeS but also making bedside visits to our patients. I t'i :.1:( < W It is of course und er at andabl e that there were a number of.' death::3 I~~\of WIll among o ur p s t.Lent.s as well as those . . . ho were killed ip combat. In our area .~= Grace Park ,-cas the name of a Philippine ceMetery, a section of which was used \" __4.-c. ~..-4::J"o."I. to bury OUf lwerican dead. It was here that it became my sad duty, along witr; • ." It'\,&: .. .., • ...,~ other cba.plains, to read the last rites for several of the deceased. I also 'II~.C" , " ' t.&::WlIl S'" wrote letters of' oondolence .. ') the loved ones of tI-.ose who were thus laid to ,8~ ~ re~t here. In my letters I mentioned the Scriptures and prayers I used in t ne ee ••• 2 o~ 1.:;;4:i~.t- grave side rite,. :In the wl!I'.!ks following I received ma.ny touching letters t he t, ,~:::. thanked me for letting them know that the'military he d followed their loved ones , i II"CC to the very end. I still treasure some of thele letters. '"" s: 0 . • ~~:."~ Sometime in Vl8.rch, 1945, our work •• ,11 hospital ziear Manila came to an ~~:;:: end. And so we were ordered to pack up in preparation for our next lDOve. Since we had been so extremely busy Without a break for ncnth., higher authority de­ :::~::i~ cided we all needed a rest, before being given a new duty aSSignment. So, along t~;~ with other units we noved by convoy to the southwestern Up of the island of It o=t~ Luzon, to a quiet area near the city of Batangas. Just off' .hoTe f'rOl'll us was . : : . : I I . Tad island which had on it an active volcano and which in the past 'had erupted ~=;:IEt:.::; I:IlOre tha,p"QPce. (Sometime 1n the 1960'. or 70'. it erupted again). Here we 1'o~ pitohed OLU" tent9, as usual, as we had already done several times bef'ore;because I: ~t" after all we were a semi-mobile unit. There were no duties for us to perform r.l~~ here as e. hospital. And 90 for some three weeks or so we were able to relax u ~ and really luxuriat,e, 1= this del1p:;htful tropical climate. A.ll kinds 0 f tropical 'CI:~~ fruita were to be had. by us in abundance 80 that we ate our fill of th6m. Chickens ~1 ~3 • and ep;ga were also to be had. All this enabled US to unwind after the arduous ....... .; labore we had had in the previous ~nths. The Army was now reward ing us for .:1~ hav Ing been SO hard-worked 1n:t1. battle zone for such fi protracted period. B\lt '-'.I:Z; at the same time we knew that, .... re Jr:lt'Z'JD being prepered and fortified for another "II~ duty assignment \Ihich might come any day. As a chaplain I carried on my minis­ ..... '0. . . . .. 0 "" terisl lind counselling duties, not only for our own unit, but also 1'or some • A~'" , ._ .. ~ ne Lr hbo r Lng' units who did not have a chaplain of their own. S::lmehow, also , I S.J:. • !Ds,de th,. aCq..tai"ltance of some Phil1ppino Christi,l!'lS of' a Baptist church in =~~ii the nearby .man :town of Lemery XXXxXXXXXXXXXXXXX, and was asked to httld a rev! :. kJr serv1ce~ for them while we were in thia 1rea • .. ~a~~ ~~~ But toward the end of March we received orders to pack uo and hold O-.lT­ :~':_1: selves ready for our next move. And that came on ~nday, April 1, '45, ~Ihich &:;:: also happened to be Easter that year. Here again, for the fourth time since we ,~ .....~ had l~ft the States, we were not told whither we wer e bound. We learned l&.ter that it was on this same date that our American forces launched their ~assive assault on the island of Okinawa. Fortunately we were not fated to te a part of that campaign which turned out to be very costly in killed and wounded on both sides. I believe that our side suffered some 5,000 killed und many more wounded in thut battle on Okinawa. Ins~e~, along with other unita we proceeded hy con­ voy in a basically eastern direction, but slightly south a s ...ell ,p'iSsing through the s,.ln Bernardino straits which 1s between the islands of Luzon and 1.=indoro • .'\fter we had gone t9.r enough east we rounded the south-eastern tip 'oi' Lu~on', ..~ gradu~lly s~linging ~rth and a bit wset, a. we did so, until ~Ie came to Legaspi h ,.' harbor which was jU3t a.bove the city by that same name. It was here th~t we ~ Were to make our a~?hibious landing, just as we had already done at L1ngayen • ! IiJ! ~C = 0;.... .1I.:.a :f:a !ii L'" t eel (\",.. ~,,",n :+""'4t: ..... ..,..... _ .... ~ •• f't."~ 'I.,. t. .....a . , .... ""'"•• ~~ .... _ "'\a .... _ ... ,..,_~ _-' 1\.T~ .. 'f9l"'"' ..... 4Cl'a'P'\~ �we were to Ie 1n suppOrt,to~ether with 80me field hospital',ot the veteran 1~ Combat Team Infantry' ~.~tment. Our collective a•• i~ent waa to -mop up". as it was called, tho Japs who were still believed to be in the area. Many of th••e Japs, antic1patinl our al,ault. had fled into the hilla above the city. The perfectly shaped Mt. Mayan. somewhat inland, but 1n clear .1~t everywhere her. dominated this area. It ie an activ. ~loano, and all the ~1. . thAt .e wera here, whon not shrouded with cloudl. it- peak could be leen to be em1tt1n~ smoke and ~Ie•• Thia voleano,too,blew itl top alaiD eo••tt.. in the 1970's. It r~a a perrectly shaped do•• very much r ••••blin, ~.PUjl n.ar 1bkyoJapan~ Our oonvoy had nov arrhe4. 11\ Alhy la7. When we pull.' in, naval shi,. wor. already stream1ng their rock.t. aDd Ih.lll .horewari, tTJlng to dis­ lodS. any Japi "'ho mi~ht still ~. in th. plaln. or in the hill behind the har~ur and city. It "'., ind.ed a elramatie li,.ht to. watch our ~attleehip. sending up a ateady Itr.a. 01' fire .hoY.wari al v. had e.rli.r vitn..... 1n ,.. Linsayen Gult. Th. differ.nc. h.r., hOwev.r, va. that/the ship. that were used 1n this •• ,ault·ver. considerably ••al1.r tbaD tho •• ·.ne-co' in that pr••10u. ~attl •• Evid.ntly 1t was anticipat.' that tk, r ••latane. here ~ul4 not be •• Itiff a. it had ~.eD in the battle tor Manil•• AM· that proved. to b. tbe c••• too. Mer. asain, •• ~.t'or. on NO.atoor Illan' a~' Lln~y.n Qult v. were .l.t•• to make an aaphlbioul la~lnc.· a".th11.tl",wl ver. more or 1••• ~.t.r· an• •t this. The artill.ry an' inf.ntry ~• •1r••• J,'r••••' •• u.,of oourse.Ono. on lhore OW' unit and oth.r IU.PPOr't unit. w.r. or•• ,ed to Ita, in th. ~en.ra1 ar... where our artill.ry piec•• v.r. still io~b1DC .h.ll after .h.ll into ~1".,1 .1~y aM Int.o tb. hiU • •",rrotmdlna tht.. port in oreler to tlrive aack &ny J.p ....ho m1sbt .tlll ~. &rolUld. WhU, w.it1nl: tor further or'.r. to I!I)V• • ~it inland w. sot out our '0' ratlona ·an4at•. tb••·bu.dled tor protection ~.hind aJ:lY vaU. ot" ruined buil"1n~. still .t.~iftS.·· ;.-.{ . 9)lIl8t.1ae iii the .fternoon it _ . OODI14...." late .nough for UI to ie allow.' to v.nture IIOmewhat furth.r lnt4 tbe h1.in,.'city. We ",.,.. ordered. to tin" an are. wh.re wh.re w. mlsbt ~l~uao at'l,a.t·tor tbe fir.t nl!bt.Ther ...... rr:»t,," lO.alaroW14i. The Jap. had tle. up 1llto :the hUll an4 our intantr)" were at t~eir ~••U": IYen the Philippine native. ha.··.abiuldon•• the city an' prul,tlDably had Fn. into hid in~ in the ne.. r~,. COWltryIU•• - It ftl eoMwhat ••rie for lAS a. v• •xplol'H unmoleste" into hou.. , and other \a114inCs that hac ~'8Il abanConect only DoUrS hefor•• 'boe an« utin'.ls w.r. ~tlllaa kitch.n ta~le., hire. in th.ir o.ge., anel S02e flyin« aroun4, .ftd'c~t..·""fclO'1 .n' other 40llestic ani­ mal. w..ndered li.tle.. l)" .~ut. Th.r. were .all·.kiftit of l1,;nl or • hurrte. flight ~.for. our invading fIOre.s. In ~h. ~_.tot .11 the dev ••tation we mana­ ~ •.. tOI f1nel an are. that "'8 tor a • ..,. .Ih":. ~,tor. we .et up our ho.­ pit.al tor .it. \laRa! operation. .. '.~'~;; ~ r . ,'" ~. . . Bouu.•• onc. 1n a whUe Japan..., anUlerJ' .hell • •till zoomed throLl~h \ tao air a~cl "'ere exploding quite near .', ,·w., f'owu'. it discreet that tirst nl,bt totini wb.tever cover w. could. We lAve tbe~ft'.' :,orl&=1n, JeDfti•• to the•• Ja.p IIh.lls beu". . . . they fl.w throql\..th~. a!r,i.••, IOWld.. 11ke th,'whine 01' • ,hiSb-pitch•• ~~~. "010•• Aat••Uy it .... tOftu.ctte that "'. COIl14 hear tb•• CO.lll1nc 80 that .... covl. quickly take CO'YlJ''!lne.~whbl.... ·tb.a Oft the way. At. ""ch' ti... Ve ""'uld -80rall\)1, into .the oraW'l""oll, bderneath hou ... an. otber l:>ullcl1nC' i t h a t Ilisht still b• •tan«in,..·.... H"""'~"f ,~., . . 1: '..":: But1n· a few w, coul' h...1' t_.t..t. \"••,lnC ot' r;u.nl anli other eXplo'ionl v'I'. , ~r. 'iet.nt. !lavifts·folln4·.wtaat,w nIU.rei to ~e • ew.taile ar..... we p~o ..... ~ s.t ap our bo.plt&l ....! . l•• ia.··hnt••ot cour.e. Ana ZlOW w. ~.p.n·to' let. , ..tt-nts ••nt ~ac1c to '" .)" t'orv&1'4,. .41oal t ...ml. w. oparat_ ... ·Y.:..}aa•• don.c1n I,.ard oc..iI1on.. bltol'•• ,W••r "I " • • • 'th14 ho.pite.l, aM 'lftO,~b.,..l' not h.~. tb.ir,own oh.pl.lft~I<"r~•• ~th•••• ve11. One ••• ~1ng "e .• a' •• Us .soare whaD we .~d.n • • ri •...-'",aaiaC .lenny" b••••• our va)". An. ill'.d t.b• •h.n dtt laall .t the v.r,. .etiC.... t ... Ilfr,'-sp1t.al .r.... But lucky for UI, t.ll'.lbelluU.• ..,'-....104 •• It pre." to~e"'~'v.4~.!fa~ it be.1i aliT., vbo leDDv. Ybat. .• -.1cht h&....~ _ _ tne re.talt•. , ...:.I.... '.;, .... " .. ~ .'. . .. .1· bav. ,ictu•• 0 t t.h• •e••t~1'7 \~t.~ w&,.. l&1. out here ~y our encin.era a~ _lnt"lDeli. ~ our V.v•• r.cinl'atio.· . .n ...., .-.•t pr.vioul looation. both . ­ lli J_!'( ...OYJ,a'.: e.M in Manil. at w.• • ~~ ~ 4,"rtto,.",ft'Jt~\b. co.-1ttal "Or'. a. ;...-­ ··:'p.l(.~.'p~.1. the re.a. tJ~ t.hn.,. whA _ •• +".4~ H' • .,",el ( '.7' _" .- �-63~- E!:ct>.use once in a. while Japanese artillery shells still ZocmE:d thro:l.sh Wt:=re 6)'.ploding quite near us, we found it discreet that first ni;/,t to find whatever cover we could. We gave the name"screaming Jennies" to the~e Jap shells because as they flew through the air they BOunded like the whine or a high-pitched woman's voice. Actually it was fortunate that we could hesr them coming eo that we could quickly take cover when we heard them on the way. At such. ':.i::1~S we would 8cre.:nble lnto the crawl apaoe. undern.ath houses and other building that might still be standing. But in a fe'" days we could hear that the thudding of guns and other explosives was more distant. HaVing found what was considered to be a suitable area we proceeded to set up our hospital, again in tents,of course. And noW we began to get ~MS patients sent back to us by forward medical teams. ~e operated as we had done in several locat1ona before. Near us was a field hospital. and since they did not have their own chaplain I served ~em &8 well. One evening we had a big sc.aro w~en we again heard a 'screaming Jenny" headed our way. And indeed it did Land at the very edge of' our oospital area. But lucky for us, the shell did not explode. It proved to be a "dud". Had it been alive who know. what might have been the result. I have pictures of the cemetery that was laid out here by our engineers and maintained by our grave. rep,lstration service. As at previous locations both 1n New Juinea ~nd 1n }~nila it was my sad·duty to speak the committal words 8S we laid to rest the remains of those who gave their all 1n this "mopping up" campaign at Legaspi. In an earlier chapter when I deecribed the combat at Wakdl-Sarml in New Guinea, I mentioned that one of our medic<:il officers had gone "beserk" because he could not stand the potential danger we were in. This time here in"t."eg&spi it was our 0.0 •• 0010ne1 Ohdstian,hlmself'. who broke under the strain of being in a combat area. Some members of' our own medical staff first detected our C.O's psychotic behaviour and began to realize that hp. needed treatme~t. "But in order to make sure that they were making a correct diagnosis a psychiatric team from a higher headquarters was brou~ht in to observe his behaviour and make their in­ dependent tests. It was confirmed that his \o;as a case of "ba t t Le fatigue" or "s he L'l shock". At a.ny rate he was t'lken away to a safer area, and Col.Reynolds, o u r executive o~flcer took over the command of our hospital. But I can still r emember that Col.Christian called me into' his office when !lll this was ~olng on and pled with me to come to his defense. as his chaplain. and a.cted with dis­ appo Lnt.me nt, in me when he could see that I f'avored the decision of the medical team. He acted as if he felt that his ohaplain had let him down to permit the~ to take him aw~y. Tbi. eout-bealt.rn part ot the Pb111pplne. Va' an ar... wh.re the preabr­ teria.D ohl.luh had It••n •• peoieUy aoth. ln 1I1t11oDary lOJ1c. P.rh~,a for tbh . " 1101' *'u nathe. 1IO\l&ht _ out anet invited •• to oo~uot ohuroh servioe. for a •• r.bant ••nt.r. wh.r. the local Pr.. byter­ [ bea. N • .". . in the o1tr ot 1&11 obur.h b\llU 1n1 bad be.n tror" or at 1....t va. d__l_ ln COMbat. INt _ . . IJt the __.ra ot tb!. otMaroh a.Sc" that I n.Ylnb.1". bolel •• "10" tor tit. . AD« thl. W' 1.14. 1n th.ir "0 !!ow erat.ru1 th., weI" that w. bad co.e in a. t.tIiab ~he 3.i!" arid 11~erator.. Tbl. oaw-eh ba4 .-Mrahl, ot 1,0 coAt•• dftl •••~.r •• About th1. U ... ,toe, I i_I'll" • • ut .. r.Ullo~' conferenc. which va. to b. held ia a hl.torlo Manila otlLlreh. 'fbi. wa. toe 1n~lT' not ollly Dativ. Phil1­ ,pino" c1.rg . - la7 ,erIOD•• 1tut. . .!Dly ••"loe .en of ~.b extraotloft. !Il. ~ flap!.c1. Pr ••• r.port" th1f" pt.••rine 11' t.h••• lIOr•• 1 ·T1e. of OO_ft. r~ 11."'.Ii~ 1l• •kCNUD' aa4 raci.l extraotlon 'INQlht tocetMI" the larl,et. 11'0. of ~"'!4' ~l.r' ot ~ob cl•• oent .V.I" b.lieved to have met. in any theatre of W..W~,~ .;~ ......, '11_ at &1U.~oi-Malate oh'll'oh 1Jl ManUa on ~.12t '4,. A. llri:et·"~."'.ot t pTlftl .nlll by Ca,t.LeoDAr. De lbor.Oba,lalft, //0"-' 'a. . . . tII.•.• n.b Iltllloa R.t. 0""01&. TM .lell.r. join" Ma_11.. hoI ~ ~U.... ollW'ob 1. their "1'111., .."s.o••• Date of t.h. . . .tlne ..1".1...·"''',-.\ t)w,:'ua "In ot til. J .., •••• nllSncn'.' to .111"1' . . . . . t'" t.,".."••,. ... A" r o. 1'.· I I I' /0 ' �I had been ,laced on .,eolal ortior. to attend thi. conterence. The view from the plane a. v. t},ftV tro. th. airport. near the foot of Mt.Mayan to ManUa 1. Itill ill­ ,r1ntell on a.i:~~n•• Serpentine river. w!.nli1.n« throush lu.h and verli,ant valley. ane the 1rr.~ularlJ,.Aut neatly la1d out ,attern. of rioe ,attie. and otber cro,. "'a. the everch..n«!n« 'anor.... to '" leen tro. th. ,lane wln~w. Our phne vas to land at historio Olark ne14 ju.t out.lde ot ManUa. AI 1. well known, rl«ht atter 'earl !arbor, the Jape had al~ ~rprl.e. ue hire, oatchiD& .any plane. oD'the ero wnl betore t.b.a7 vere able to take ott. llenoe our &er1al red.tanco A' l"eduoed alllOlt to aero in the Philippine. at tbat t1ae. But bOW tha litu&tion at Olark rs.alll altor:ether diNerent. I.. ,l&ft. . . .oen4" toward Olark '101cl runway I oould .ea many' aircraft. with til. I r 18i q ND·. •rkinC' on tho• •trewn heltar .kal­ ter , all .hot UP. 1y1nl on the ttelel where oW" ait-fo rce bad oau~ht tho. ~atore they had a cbance to get off the groWld. 'lb1a tima 0\11' del. had ga1nltd contracl o t tha airway... Whil. atill at Leca.,i I vae glv.n a .peCl&l aa.l~ment which might •• colt.ldered b1 lOme to be III)mavhat out ot line for a chapl..in. O\,lr ho.pltal staft h bjgWl to notice that a certain amount ot our medical lupplies .ere mhainr;. 'lie bad be,un to '\,l.paot that parhap. 110m. of the Ph1l1pplno. wb>m .e ",ere ~e1nr; to help u in O\,lr ho.pital operation. were _tealln~ t?om us. And it that vere the ca.e. eoul it be tbat they were .alling the•• dr'll' anel lupp11e. to Philippino .e4iea1 doctor in near~y towns ..nel vlllage.? And 10 I deputi~ed, along "'ith a lergeant who would drive my jee,. to make ·trlendly· but dtacreet and yet alert vldt. to 10m. ot the medical clinicI, "hic' IIIOre otten than not tu.rn'" out to be the hom•• ot the•• physician •• 1 was to kee, my o;yel open t'or any ligna that har. 1, Where Bome of' our medical l\,lpp118s had Fne or could bo 1\llpected to have gene. And I va. to report my finding. to our medioal .taft. I do not remember whether I really dld d1 cover anything that wal .uspicious. But I do rem_bel' that ,lOnie of the.e PhiUpp111 doctor•• without ..ylng,1O outright, gave indications by tha1r behaviour that the su.pecteel that I wa, on lO.e kind of "ap7 mielion·. '!'bay allO ciealt with ... ln ar. in,ratlatlng fashion, IOlDetime. eyen having IDe over tar a ••al in ttidr home•• They acted to me ... it th.1 were trying to hood.wink me. Tbie lDiuion was not al­ to,etb,r pl....sfor . . tor another roallOn. At such meal_ tl18. invariably ttwaraect over the table 10 that. ,a .e"ant 'Oultl have to lttand benind your chair to .boo the tliel away with a k1n4 of ·d~.ter·. !ut this wal all to be endured 1.1 part ot the inYe.tl~tt~e WQrk. A. I write thl1 I ha~. ju.t noW red1scovered a little note­ book in which I bael jottd oerta1n Pb1l1pp1nol I wa. tol. to coJ:ltlLOt. in tb,,\,a 1nveltlcatloll. They .ere. th. Qoyernor of 'the Province, the Uayor all40h1tf' ~t , Po11ce of Lep.pi Oit.y,and to", 10c.. l PbUippino M.D. vb" were au..,.cted ~J"~." ing IOlIlehow illegally obtain" .edioal luppl1e •• Dr.AF and Dr.Go.ez. )\y.. ,.. ,J~* that for the molt part ~tb the m&roT &114 chief ot police mad. 8tat.Il.JIt-:::~ .' -17 oxonerat1n, the .eelical doctors. ' ' "" •. ,t '\,,~>:" . s,metime in MI'Ut.1~. 01.11' lOrk at Lega.pi bad co•• to an .na,' aDd. We were to '/Bake our••lve. r ....y tpr 01,11' Den DlOve. B\.It a\ thil atar-what .... thl to be? OLlr airforoa hd aDo'lt th1. till, ,llropp.d atomic ~lDb. on the tlO Japane •• eitie" UagataJei anel II1ro.b1IIa. In aclel1tion.to' 'that, tl.-l;ollllba had b~~t. \I~ ...et arue in alul aroun4 yo. . . . anel To~. As a, re.Lll t ILll'uad.r taral ~~ ~een ned by the Japane•• 1n 1b~ IaJ. lenoe a po"ibla .u1c1dal &ttao~ bY,!Urtbrc•• on tbe Japan••• holllel...&"J16,er. QOl.\lcl be avo t.eled. 'ltl- w~y v.. no~ ~r 1,1' to land 1n Japan al part of' . . oac~nlnr; armecl tbree., A:1d 10 the 11 .~,I~,b&'tlon "cepital was d. ••tined to, have a part in tbh t1nal pb..e ,of' W.W. I i i~;~)'aclt1e Ap1n by convoy ~ "are lIOon on QUI' ¥&y to TokyQ.!~Y•. ' We· arrlv" ~ll~-::~m th. early part of SeI't.ell.hr,194,. ' , w. II, V&. "NIl ;" '81,­ ,0'. ! . /J­ .. �I o. WITH THE OCOUPA'I'IoN FOROES IN' JAPAN. S!PT5:M!l!R-OO'1'O~ER. 19451 The ship we vel'e on, I.S part of .. convoy, atsamed into Tokyo !ay only a .attar of days after the Japanese government had _ilned tho articles of .u~render on the !attl.ship MlslOur1. ~ the end of my cays 1 .hall never tbrget what ve sav a. our ship snaked it. way &:ong the endless number of naval craft of all description. which lay at anchor here. One would almost think that all tho allied naval power in the ~rld va. concentrat.~ in thea. vaters. To. I.e mammoth battle.hips of OTOr" d•• crlpt~n,alrplano carrler.,cruisera and all tht rest ot this hug. armada, each vo, ••l flying its country'. color., and endlessly .trstched out in the.s w&tsrs in ever.y direction vas a spectacle which wo 'IIsre likely never again to vitneu. I &Ill sure that enoTlDOus ...tiefa.ction and justified ptlde mUlt have caus.d ou~ ch••ta to svell at loaet a little bit when we r.alized that ln 80m. samll mea'ure, ve too, had contributed our part toward ~­ tha r.al1ut.ion o~ this overvhelming viotory 1n the Pacific I The Jape knew tha.t they vere licked. And tH8y gave evitenee of it in the lar £e-lettered slp8 which they had painted on IlOmo 0 f the buildin,_ along the ~harve. which we vere nov app~aGning and wher. w. dt.embarked. I regret that I did ~t write down what 801130 of' the.. a1~s aaid. But ths ,eneral tone o~ them, .. I ~ clearly remember it, vas an a.ckno"ledp.nt Df' clefeat on their part and .. welCOlte to the incoming allied occupation torcee. W. first let toot on Japanere ~1l at YokDh&lDa, a.nd did 10 "lih mingled ro'11n,_ o~ caution and lurprhe. 'ft. 800n l.arned,bovover, that there were no ground. tor either of' these emot.ions. Their . .poror had taken care of th.at. He had. ordered his people to lay down all arms, to offer no resistance and to accept def.at. General Mao Arthur, haVing apent the major part of his life in the ortent, knew exactly how to deal vith the Japansee. Me ehowed that h. had a correct under.tanding of their peycholo~, and 80 inaha. of shoving their em­ peror a.ide, he found it userul, even if he was only a fi~r.head, to give or­ dera to tbe Japane.e nation throu~h their ~p.ror, detoated thoug~he was. Thus ve~ the occupying fore •• were saTed from any need to rtrut about 1n a proud and oondee~endin~ fa.hion. All Japane'e ~ere submi.sive-and co=p11a.nt, even though BOllia of them did look somewhat aulUm. , Our first. order of b*aine.s was of ce ur e e to find an area Where could ut. up our hospital. Thi. t1me,of courso, our operation ~a!J not to talco " ~re of \attle ca.su,a.ltio., but only to care for the sick and any VOO lIl&y ha.ve bad an injury or met with an accidont. !Ut ~. had como into Japan 1n the midst of a tnl:oon which was t1P1cal of this region a.nd "hich had been .v.. p1n~ ov.r the southea.stern part of Japan for 80mo day8 nc~. ·Wlnd and rain vere inco ••ant so that the eoil,thoroughly sa.turateli, va.a 11lee a quagmire. Henc. ~e had dif­ ficult;)' in pitching our tents beca\uo 'th. foree 0 t the 'Wind eateh1nl; in the caman :p~lled tentp!ns right out of the ground. Nevertbelus 'We did the beat wo coul~. eut soon ve were permitted to f!X)V. into a. primary school buildin, which W.I only partlally d.... ~ed., though everything for miles around had beeo burnt up and denetated from the fire bombin~ of Tokyo. r~~ ehiof exeit. .ent ~. had in tho tew iays ve wore in YOkOhama "as this: To jo ha.d .... 0 the Japanoao Pre.ler, the head o't tho VAr ~rty. -:;ith hie nation noY in H'~ae. for baTin& lost the war, tbo only bonora'ble thin!: for a Sa.1II&ur1 warrior ~La to co~lt harikari. And this is just what he had att~mpted--only un.ucee"~~lly. Me had only ~unded himself. And where was he taken tor treat­ ••nt.t ~:.lll.lr;ht kno~' Ol.lr 71 t s t iv&cuat1on a,apit&l. Kero he vila kept 1n iI01a.­ ticn 110 th1tt. I did not pouonally .e. hiJIl. !ut. I ca.n sUll remember the exci't.•­ !Dent whieh hh pre••ne e in our hospital ooeaeioned &mon~ our personnel. I haTe just nov red.iscover" a lIl0m0ra.ndUlll in Illy filu about 'this 'l'ojo incident ~eh giv •• Y1Yid details. It is .. a tollovs' Jbr a.neral Rol •••• J Kq .i1gtlL L~, A.PO San hanci.eo, li:1gth J..rty Hq., YokD ham., Japan • -Th. aan ~ flrst c1rcle4 on hi. deSk calendar tho infamous ~to.of Ooc.7. 19~1, ~ ... hp.etored at the 7,'et ivacua.t\\on lblpital 1n tho ovonin,; o f (continued on p.&'O ~f) w. ,-4" ------. --~. _.,~. ." .. �·\ -65t, Sopt.",194,. al 'Patient No.l0,694. s~1cid.·. •• Diag~'l.' SUn.hot WD~nd.,atteropte4 Suicide, but not 1n the mann.r of Japan••• militarists vho '.nar~' a.signaenta given thes. but with an "erlo&n )e.o.l.Colt auto.atic revolver. Tojo wa. oarried. trom htl boa. 1n To~ by U.S.Any medica and va. admitted to the 7,'at. a1t~a't.ecl in a l'okJohau. ,rllaar7 .01'1001 \~Ud1n&:. Thtl 18 the tirst t1me the hoaplt.al bal b••n under a root 81M. ooainl OV.l'.eas•• And the co_mi­ inc ofticer, Col.Riohard. Re)'nolcll ot Qad.no1.*... ,'lit it. 'out ot th. Dl.llh and into the hrick.· • 'lDjo tbe 100 tth patint to be a.cleltteti on the 11'th of' Septellb:r. Whih 1n '1bk)oo, 1n .erai-oon.otcu... condition, h. 4 to allow Japan.. ph)'.lolanl to attend hla after be va. abot, blAt was dooUe vhUe be1nC tr.ated by ~1. foraer enem1....nil atten.ed by V.S.Ar-1IlY nur •• l' It Lt. ,J'l&cb.l Sor.1i.t of Lone Gr••• I added tM. add.it~D&l note. '1'here are three nliU" 1n attendanoe upon 'Ib jo who ooae tro• • • pita1 ehlp. vhich lie ln folcoh. .a harbor. ' Ow- stay .in YokDhaaa,bowever. va. 1••• tha4 a week. C)"ar next. IIlOve wa. to be nearby '1'0 kyo ~ The .re.. betw••n the tltO citb. through which we had to travel valone vaat 1n'aArial are••. or at l ...t blLd. been lueh bef"ore our t1re­ bombin!. It had nov been re~cl!ld to e. valt .coronee! eanll .. tar IU the eye eould .ee--& sob.ring .i~t ind.ed. And when ve 0'" to !bKyo. at le.et Where we were told to try to ••t up our holp'ital. 1t was the ....e .tory ... we h&4 eont'ronted 1n Yokohama. on17 perhaps even IIOre truetrating. ),bat Japane.e houa8$ (oont1nue on 66) wa. 1'.',.... *.- ,&,,* •• The fullest and IIIlut graphio aocount that I bave •••n a~bere of' th1e attempted .u1cide of HIDEXI lfOJO. whe» WaB b~ht to our 71~ at Evacuatlcn lbspltel in Yokohama on September 1'.194,. 1e to be ~ound 1n the bock bl -Wll11e.J1 Craig, THE FALL OF Jj~!.J{, The D1d Pr.8•• !~.Y •• 1967. 1n C~!lpter 22. THE L\ST REOOUR3E (Pp.'1~-~21). 1 ha~e zeroxed these pagee and it may be leen ••• separate docwaent which I have appended ... .0 . . Autoblograph¥. . ( ,:;-'l ....~.-t-Yj .. ~I.. I~"""') L.D.~~. r / �-07­ :-,,'':1=:1 \.!-t-::t he r I ~o'tlld h-cv e f'\ jet:p tit my d1sjjo9>J.l t.o~~thl:r ~;i'lh ti. d r Lv e r , I tub. 1.1", ! I;IO"t Cdl't"inly co u I d , "Good", he lltt1d. "And ;;':{th,'r Burnl:i b.:I :.ll-o~~y t..;,1.: r.',1j iu~t w!.erl:1 your unit h loeatlt"', 90 1 '01111 fllp.nbge t o let to your ph~: .. t. 7 ~.m. 1.,):llr,)l"ro'w un.! I will l1erve liI.S your gUide 1.0 :r.ukc the r e.t he r long trip ;:.: '•.) 5".; K"g;'\~.:l.1I ,1.lid t.hat i:1 ex~ctly \IIhat. Wit did. T~.ro;l ·!".out the wa~' Kag'lwa had been an outspokcn critio and Or-paTient of' l,tH ....~ 11n~t the U.3. Ii re.ult he lind :.. number vi' his f,:,llowur8 had J 'f'",1. 1 il L .<0":'"' ?l·,,;,d uuc er ho ue e ."s arrest throl.lghout the cor.flict. But now th'\t the WEIr ....,;.~ 0 t er , he h'aJ agliin !.lpea;<:ing out and was currently much 1n the n",ws. 'tlha't. OJ. )l;-.:.l:lQn oplJOrtur.ity it was for me to bavo the privilege of an interview with th!;; '''0 do 'I~igurel :'bt only 'Was he perhaps the I'\'kj st t's.lIl';)\'I~ Japanese Christian . le~d~r, hut h~ was known also for his pacif1c1sm and the fact that he Was tho founder of the J~?~eneao Christian Cooperative movement and other Soc1al sor­ vic~~ edp~ci~lly to the poor. In fact he was knowf as the Walter Rauschonbush of Jl1plin. At th6 coor to graet me when we arrived was none other than Mrs. Kagawa She half bowed to me, in the ~sual d.~rent1al manner of her ~ountry. but ...t 0 rice al $() po 1nt.d to my shoes as if to indicate that I was to remove the~ before gplng farther. But then ·,he &110 ~ve me & pair of alippers to put on, Qnd thus she led the way through & room where I later learned several mem­ bers of the Press were already .eated,e&ch waiting hig turn to see Kagaw~ for a ncwpnp~r story. But since I already had an advance anpointment I was at once brcught to Kagawa, who 80180 gree't.ed lila corlS1~lly atter Og8:wa had introduced me. Og!l~:a blid suggested that it 'WOuld be uaet\tl it I would have a number of queations pr~?s~ed to ask Kagawa so tha't. a maximum ~ •• would be made or Kagawa's t1mo. Anci so the previous evening I had alroady prepared ~ questions. And 80 Arter a m1nut~ or :10 o~ getting mutually acquainted with eachother, w~ proceeded With. our conference. I kept my note-taking of his answers at a m~niml.lm, 80 as no't. to offend him, but immediately after the interView, seated in O~T jeep outside, I ~rote his answers out moro fully, for I realized th~t I had a very valuable document. When my conferenoo With Kagawa was over. and before we teft th~ ~r.a, OgaW& invited me allO to vi.it. ~~~ wa. called-triend.hip Hall",the social centor of hi' Presbyterian ehl.lrch, where I wa. given a n~ber of booklets and pamphlets wr1tt~n by",Y~wa and l1'terature about him &.nd his \olOrk. Here, also, I met a Mrs.Topping a long-time American m1.aionary in J&pan. It ~as here,too, that I had a supplemental interview ~lth a certain Mr.WatAnabt, whoae father was the pasto r o f a Baptist church· in Yokahama, and who tat.lght sce te logy in a .Baptist college in Yokohama. I asked him lOme ot the same ql.lutions I had already put t.:> Kag>!wa, and in TIly report which follows, 1 have wedgl)d 1n his knswer to SOlllO ~r these q~e$tion9. In this way the reader can got u doybl~ perspective. Here, then, are the questions I asked and the answers ! received from K~g~wa, excep't. wher$ I indicate that it is Watanabe speaking' ~ue st ion 11 to yOl.l look upon what has happened to Jf&pen 9.3 a. disaster or 88 an c ppo rtuni ty? And why? Answer, Both are true. It i9 a disaster becau.~ of ita magnitude. In all of Japan there were 2,200,000 homes de.troyed,10 million people are homeless in 77 big cities. In Tokyo alone, 770,000 are homeless and 25°,000 of these are living in dugoyts. On March 10,alone, in only one district of' Tol.cyo (eastern) 100,000 wure villed. But ye., it is an opportunity at the same time: As a mili­ ta.ry power Japan is done for good. The ,volee. of' those who were suppressed by ­ the military c~n now speak o~t again for a new Japan(including Kagawa,of cour~o). ~dtanab. 6nswered I' follows to this same questionl This 1s the dawn of a cew d~y 1n Japan. Wba't. we sball gain i . to time. what wo lost. #' . 9Hestlon 2$ Can the Japane.e who are atill 1n office in Jopan(under tho Supreme ) ,-11lied Commander) be counted on to work for the beat interests or Japan!. That ~ 1s, w111 they eo~n~rate to g1v~ Japan ~eedom or rel1gion, speech and press and equul1 tv nt' e~O • pportW1i't.y? Kagawa t. anewer was th1Sl Yes, tr.ose now in hera~lr! �-68­ power under the allied com~~nd~r w111 w~rk for theee things. Ho cited ~he f~et that the Premier hoci called a rooetir.g 0 r· clJrt"in lee.J.~rs and mad e e l ear to th",'-; tha.t it was for auc h objectives ~he:r $~\.ild rlOw 13.1:..01'. "('lt~.nabC:!ls nn!l\',er ~o this question was more specific, l folt. He said I !-~nJ 0:''' us r e f'er to GH~ as "the clec.r:ing cotllprmy". ~ far it. hna done well 1n ca:r:r1ng out its cl~an1ng prop;ram "Nith r e gu r d to one set of po ve r s I the militar; :::achL-,:iS which has been 90% clesned out, And th~t 1s £ood. But t~1s program ~~~t con­ tinue, for the bureauer~ts who are still i~ pOher must a.1so be c1eane: out. A."d 1:1 addition to th9.t, the C!1f italists(big bus i ne s s ) I::ust also be gi';,:n a tharo\.lsh cleaning. And we believe th",t !J~nerrll :-:9.0 Arthur \01111 not s~C? until h~ hag made a thorough house-cl~Qning in all three of these department!. And it 'dill be 'oiith our approval, yes, our hC!l.rty app ro vs I that he do so. 7"ds is exactly what Japan needs. The ~re tr~rou;hly he Goes so the better we shall like it. He went on to se.~r. I ask you, .... h·-it attitude do you find on t:.e par t, ~r the cot::~n people and the average Japanese soldier? ',','hat have you eXr~rience~ to be their attituda to\.;ard the o ccupat to n troops? It must be ac.:!littei that ~~ first there was fear, b9cause of 'trhat ./e had been ":.old tha.t A=.eric9.n t=-oops wc:..:l~ do to us. Eut now that we see that we have nothin; to fear, we h~ve ~~ u~ki .. c feclings to you. ~e wish to learn fro~ you all that we c~n_ Has any "~erican soldier been hurt by any Japanese? None. On the other hand , what is ::-.~ f!tti­ tude of the eereeo n people and th') aver age Jap soldier to their own military leaders? 1'0'11 that We know tho real nature of the Jspanese srmy,its ru~::'lessne5s and the atrocities it has COl::l!l!itted, \018 are even v1olcn~ly in op?OBit~n to the~. ~~at do you suppose every Japanese soldier is carrying on his back as you see them on the train' :iLnd on the streets? These ar e suppl iee and s to r e s \oihic:: they have t~ken(stolen) from the ~ilitary which h~d vast stores for tr.~~selvesJ and tr~s at the expense of hardships which had to be suffered by the ~~er~ge Japenese _ The Japanese military ~achine has deceived un and ni31e~ us. We now repu-:iiatc it and know that our sorry lot is onl:r due to their blu:".~ering. quostion roO ..... l'ls,ny Christians do you eatir.:'1te there are in J~panJto:=.y? And rJO~_l-h:;l~J churches? Kaga\ol s l s answer is: Thero are 400.000 Christi:J.ns i:'1. Jap&.l':, -250,000 Protest~fl.t...and 150,000 Ca.tholics. There wer e 16CO chcr cbe s , :>~ ',;hich there are 500 big churches th'Z.t were burned. In Toiqo, e lone, there aT'3 .3;0 Christian churches with 60,000 Christian3_ But ~bout 160 of these ch~rches in Tokyo were destroyed. 't ~Jestion 4: Are K~gaw~'s ans~er Christianity and Shintoisn cutu~lly exclusive? .tnd w~:? is as followst As a Christian! feel th~t I c~n still ~~ve re­ spect for shrines,sacred places and the Z~pGror. Whe~ I show such res~ect and r-ev er enc e I do so not a s an act o~ v,~r:::hip, 'blt I do So in the spirit of' vene!'a­ tion for those wr.o have gone on be~ore. But Shintois:n as a re11gbn i3 mt - co~p!ltible ....ith Ohdsti?nity. (And r.ow Kc.g~'.:a added eomethh1g wl".ich r::: f'or.ne~ teacher of Bible Ln both Hope CollcG;: and \"!e!d.ern S~=_~1n3.r:r. Dr •.\lber~u3 ?icte!"s. arid a long-tit:113 ::I19:3iona1'y in Ja.pan. ~!lid ,::lgs,\'1!t ":.lid because he t-ne.... th!lt I had originally been ~ minister in the Refor~~d Church in ~~erica. ~ne~ I made my report of my interview with K9.ea.... a to hb he said thlt Kagawa. had R=form~:' Cr.uTch M1s~i~nary ....e rk 1:'1 J"p~(n in Mind). t.tl~'.i~:"l. s~,1dl The earliest ~:)rI:l of Chri3ti'mitj"t;.. l".ich t he J~ps.ne3e came in cc nt e c t, ',;ith o.fter the Restoatbn in 1~6i\ ....0.::1 D..ltch C~~lvlr.ir.C':. Its em?h~sls uj'OI1 God 8S Cre~"tt.or and 3:lvereign. and its emphasis upon the e ne-nes e of G:>d(ro.ther tha.n upon the 'trin1tarhn eo~cept) appealed to the J:.panese. Ag a result, D...tch Cnl ... ir,lm:l contributed to a ~~reet. r(lv1vul, called U:e l~elji Fleror~9.tion, ...: hieh 1:icluded the r e s to r c t Io n of the po ve r e.nd place of l.h$ Emperor .(1n the .pIu c e o~ the numerous Sh:>euns). Thus Chr1sti~n1ty 1n the !'orrr, of Dutch Cll.lv1nb~ was o ne or the r.lOlst power!'ul in­ flu~nces in the building up or th,) E~p"Tor concept 11: J~p~ne8e lira_ In thh . I ,/sc:lse Chr1stihnit.y e nd p,:)l1tic,,-'l S~.1r:toi~;1!i are not l;Juiunlly e xe Luc i ve , but. Ci-.rl!'· I C i9.nHy has oven co n ' ributed to this co nc e p t , �-, . 4 , , U -'or'liue:r to VG the 'l'e~~te!'t :'i:,nl~ld ~robl,;rr. th.·t f",~es "\n"',:-? ,oeEJ.~.. it. be fa.ced'? Kll.~e..WfLtlf l.I.n~ur \11.\S: ScI: ~rF!lHy • , - no 0 ­ ~ l,J~r;r,~S:; :.f' co r ',Ili! I eo ns1d.iU' to b" 'the grlto:t,oet weaknee' of our peo p'le , P'\H 1.1-.1:-. 'J!-,d,.lti.mity with its toaching of purity is the only be pe , No help can be O,(I)'.:C:..::::;1 i'l'oru any o'ther religi.on which the Jllpanelle kmw. Instelil.d. t~e e t.he r r e-­ lL:ion:i o:",}y incre'1ge the problfttll. Kaga~& added thr.t he ilt behind It. new Life fnvernent", the driVing force of' which 11, through Christi6.nity, to fin Japan of ... his c;rl!.,tedt of' all evils. Wllt.'11'1ab1'. aplwer ~ U to this Clueat1lj,on \I&a ciifrer~nt. He expessed him.el~ as believing that the 8ex-mora~1ty ilsue i8 minor. Inltead, h~ said, JapAn .hou14 concern'it.elf ~th business morality. In this regard J~pan n~eds a new ph11olOphy.--a new 'Weltanschauung·. aa he 'called it. (~bte hi~ an~wor to que.tion 2, where' he zeroed in on the military,the buresu­ er'lts ... nd t.he ctlp1talists). , .. Question 6, What do you consider to' be the pro apects for Christian mhs1.ons 1n Jll.pal'l in the future, and What type of progrUl of Oh/istian mi ••1o_ ,do you think will be th~ best for Japan? Here Kaga.wa and Vatanab1 wore in perfect agreement I The prospects \~erl!l never brighter. Why! Beca.uu Ohiathnity is llgainst m1U­ t~rlsm, and militarism has been defeated once for all in Japan. They exprossed th~mselves as believing 'that tho prejudice. which tho peopl$ formerly had a~lnst Ohrl~t1nnity were now dying out, that is, the pro~udice~ they had beo~u.e it was Chr13t1~n .~erica that had bombed them to 8ubmi8sion. . But Japane •• Ohri.t1an1ty must be indigenous. If mia.ionariea will come 1n the spirit of aloofnes" and try to hand us something ready made, like a coat to put on, it will not -e rk­ Christ1.:.nity must be brought in tho s'pir1t of·-love,charity and unc.erstl:lnd1ng, and not in t.he spirit of haugh'ty 8uperioreb&nd1ng us something for our own !1POd. The right :>plrit has been shown in previous m1a:Jlon we rk. We crave .. OQft1..1nua­ tion 0 f' ve rk in th,h spirit. . •• I~ ~- i ..-pe.rt .. ··r,:.L,· ,. ; .." "6,.,,.1' Question 7' Wh~t 18 the most urgent message you ~lsh to have ~e bring to the Ohrl$ti~n peopl~ of America? Kagawa's an.wer. Please send us Bibies. This 1s the m~3t urgent need. Also aend us missionaries who will come'not only to preach ~nc te~ch, but who through the incarnation of 'the spirit of love and charity \lill tu 11 ving defloiltirations of 'the po\leJ" of Ohristinn1ty. They must be men and \<iomon who will exemplify the spirit of the third 0 rder of tha Franciscans I who preach Lv gpod work'. America's best girt and it~ best reprosentatives to Japan, J<ortN, )&nchur1a. and China w111 be such ~iSfl1ontl.r1es. Al::5o we want tTIOrd books, periodicals and ma.gazines in all branches. He emphasized medical books in Eng­ 11sh; lie \Yill do the tranSlating into Japanese. \'o'e tire hun cry to l~ar!1 whtlt l\mer1c~ has to contribute 1n all fields of Science. To this same quea't1on W~tan~hi's ~nswer was thisl My most urgent message is thisl Oontinue to clean r~use in J~pan. !b not be satisfied with tho destruction of J~panl8 military power to flg;bt. Get rid of' the buroaucrats and the c,·.pitaHsts.-big business. "'!'hej' art! thOl'oughly corrupt The only reasonat~e Ja.paa:MJe peo·ph hav e done so lit1le in ~~re than u month since host111ties~ave ceaded to b~11d houses Bnd to cl~ar away debris iSI beoauao the bureaucrats nnd big busine~s men do not release to thd people the mater1al.(l~ber) which ~.H.Q. haa made avail~ble for thi~ purpose. The bur.~ucrat. ~nd b~sineal men want 'to feather their own nest. before they us nndly 7t1cked out. W1th wint.er a tronth away, 1n Japo.n, where are the people going to live? How can they eont1nue to livo 1n their miserable galyan1zed lron shacks and in bom~sh.lter8 1n the ground? SuesHon 8 I . Wh!l.t ~ok or periodical wau.Id you recommend me to read to be 1n­ formed on the situation 1n Jnpan today1 I have only Kagawa's an.wer to this question' Give us the pap.T,and ve w111 print 8UC~ book. and periodicals. We just don't have anyt.h1ng 'to recommend, to ')"Ot.l along this line. turing the la~ two yeus not one Ohrietia.n IIlAg¥1ne OT paper has been printed 1n Japan. !:low.Ye~ on aece nd thought Kagawa did mention The History of Jfl.panen ~.ligiona by Anezak1. a professor in the Japan... Imflerhl Un1vers1ty(Harvard 'lecturea). / ......Th e l''1 he aaild, I personally expect in tim. to print a Christian nevllpa.,,.r •. r­ /Thus ended my interview with Kagawa, and tbe eubs1d1ary interview with Vatanab1. Littl. did I know .then ,that only a utter ot ... couple months later, that U io. Decemfer..~94"iL I WQ.uld. be Lldng .. report. or this interv1ev tU 'I1l1 Nr.t ohapel tal~ _n ~.tin6. 0011.,- wben I wa. 1nv1t,~ there te ~~ ~A_".~ ~. . ' ' A �-70­ D. / F:t;):;E:j3!~t}, TRAV:::r; BA:::K T0 ':':~E 3T.-\.TES, SE:PA.1HTIO~l TE:i:·;n:.;.L LZA.V::t 12 OCroBSR.194l:)..-25 J,U·IUAi\Y.1946: F;:O:~! ACTIV~ DUTY A."-n: :;.lcost. ev,::ry d9.y,now,somo !r.embers of our raoBF-ital received c r d e r s to beJ:in p ro c e s 'ing for the ret.urn home. ''''hat "eter~ined '~hen yo\.lr turn would come was the number of points you had a.ccumulated in Qversel:u ..rvt ce , My t urn came on October 12, '4~. The pla.c& in Jttpan whc.re this depzc c e e s Lng "as G~ne at le~dt for our area of Japan, was in a J~panese military ca~p near , Yokah9.!llfl., in \·,hr,t was called the West Po int of J:lpan It ,-a very n 1 co1ayou t f c.' !.L.iildl:igs. T'hi:3 of course involved a. gre·~t delll of' paper ~Iork,both for e ur se I» 'le;!,indi'vic!w:lly, but a190 for the offices. We \'1ere kept in the dark until almo.;t the la.st minute about whlit kind of' transport.ation we w,:,ulci have ::'or t he return voyage, whether it would bo by plane or ship. This We3 a lively t~pic of' :,r:-eculation 9.:~.o:'lg U3, some prefering one ID matT.s of return Etn~ others >!l.(s­ other. ~~t fortunately we had no c~olce 1n the matter. I considered myself Iucky that it w~s to be by ship, and especis.lly when it turned out to"t it .1.:l5 to be t.he hu:.:e 33 General '....eigel a passenger liner 0 r the ~us Pr e e Lden t Lines which was now being used by the government to transport r et.ur nt ng military. personnel. I can still remember that every meal w~s a veritable fea9t. In­ cluded were ste~k9, vegetables ~nd salads which we hud missed overseaa,except ~hen we h~d been on ~avy t.ransport.s. Milk ~aa to be had s~ much as we ~ant~ci, s nd ~,meh.:lw this is what! especiallv craved and a-ot n;y fill of. And hal' "cO: apFr,,~is.ted the leisure and relaxation this voytlge a.C:!"'03S th~ vl1de P&.cif'1c af­ forded UJI Ar.d to think ttat every day We were drawing nearer to a reunio~ witt our loved or.es. At first we were ~lated to land ut Seat~le,Washlngton. But n few d ay s r·61'o1"e we ..lould hit the west coast orders \-Iere chonged and He v e r e told that.le were n esc ed for the O::llden Ga.te. So $.;i.n Francl;;;co here we corne I A­ large mJb of e xhube rant, \oiive3,sweethe8.rts and other famil)' member,S of' r e t ur ne-s s wrc ~ived i~ the western Stutes wero at the dock to greet us 65 we dise~barked. '::hat :f-j'tibllant and tear-jerkirlg reunion that was! ':1"ose 0:" us .. ho ne e ded to travel f&.rthl':r inland to t~eet our fr..reiliea would h",,,e to ...:!it .;;. fe ... d s y s Io ngc r , but, ... we kne.,: t!';at our turn would be coming soon, too. But all of us would first have t.o go to Oamp Stoneman for a cey or t.v-c for d epro c e s s Lng , just as this had also _been the carr.? ,/r.er6 "'.any 0 f' U.3 hd been processed ab.1uthlO years before on our way t.o the 3.\·;.P&cific. Again there ;",5 th~ inevita.ble but necessary paper worka physical eX3.:!:s,rece1vir.g pay due U9, getting travel vo uche r s and finding out at which 09'lp or fort we would finally be demobilized. etc. ThIS pros and cons of taking out a reserve co m­ 11lission were carefully pointed out. to us. I Sll.W the advantages of accepting a reserve commission. All th~t it called for was attenciir.g a weekly p&id rnili­ t'J.ry drill with a local unit and two weeks of paid a.ctive duty each SU:QT~er "ith everit ue I retired pay if one had put in twenty years ty the ag~ of 60, after which one draws retired pay for the rest of his life. I signed up for this and h~ve never regretted doing so, in spite of the fact that. in 1961-'62, in th& Cub~n crisisJ along wit.h some 180,000 National Guard and Reserve personnel, and nt the ag8 of 59, I was called b~c~ to active duty with the ~2C'th Ordnance 8!lttsli o n and served for A year in !Port Ord,California. This last yea.r of' a ct Lve duty made me el:l.gible for prorootion to the rank of.' Lt.Col.,which !llso helped to in~re~8e r.y retired P9Y which I have been reeeiving since uec.l,19c2. Somehow,however, for final d&pro~.ssing my name \18.8 mist&kenl:r placed ­ on the Ft..Log~n(neer Denver) Hst. It should have been on the Pt..Sheridan (near Chicago) list, for t.his·was closer to ~here ~neva and the fl1mily had been living(rolland,r'~ichlglin)While I was overaeas. But that was Ii minor incon­ venience 91nceeveryone was fumished wIth travel vouchers to reach or,·~ls !-orne ; { station. In order to reo v e alJ tro:;)ps returning from the Pacific required the .1.--­ ;:;overnment to place Into service all the ro lHng stock they co u Ld lay the1 r ._~ hnr-ds on. As e. result some of the trains were rather old arid Lea t e n up, even ~f they could be mad e to serve the purpose. S::> if we b"d e xt.e c t e d t ... ","" .. Pullu.rnn e l e epe r e we had another gue!u en",1 "'_ "'. �p • :~~y ~ain -c~aches. s;:"'wifre- ­ Denver had! and they were of the vinbge who: the green colored Yariety that could be pushed back into only a slightly reclining position. But since ve knev that our trip would last a tew daye. we war veterans took things into our own hand. to chance theae aeats into at least se~1-s1eeper8. ~ renoving or loosening some bolta and screw. we managed to l~y these seats down flat SO that we could sleep ~alrly comfortably at night. Of' course t.here was food on the train :for us. '!ut every once in a while when the train stopped at a station, even it only for a few min~tes. some of us would da.sh out to buy 8upplemental snacks of t.hings We had missed having for a long time. We were in Port Logan,just outside ot Denver, tor only a rew days where some more paper work had to be donp, and then ve vere off' again, each in hie own direction, and on the last lap of our homeward trek, which for me was Ohicago and t.hereafter Holland,Michigan. It. was now Nov. 10, 1945. When my ~ra1n reached North Platt.,Nebrasbt, it was held up long enough, here,as w.re IIlOlItFroop trains. to change crewa and to take on fuel and water. Knowing that t.his was a regular pra.etice ot the.e trains, many WOlllen from North Platte and the sur~und1ng area were always ready in the tr9in statton with a bi~ spreat ot all kinds of fbod and othes ~odies to which w. returning yeterans were invit.d to help ourselves. Intact. H3rth Platt. became tllJlloUS t'or this. and I am sura it ia atill rememberad by many a aervice man all over t~o U.S. for what took place on these stop-overs. )breonr, 11 ttl. did I realize it at the time t.hat. in l.es thantw) months ~m then our family llOuld b. taking up r.d­ dence 1n N.braeka where w. have at ever aince. .--­ Even though JAY Army t.rmina leaye pay would continue until 25 January, 1946, of cours. I r.alized that I needed at once to Make moves to eecure a civ­ 111an pOsition. Getting back to 00l1.,e teaching wall of course my fervent hope. I did have a leave ot abaenc. trom Huron Col10&e, where I had taught bofore military service. 80 that I could have returned ther•• !ut i~poa~ibl. I wanted to g,o to a larg.r sohool. So a day or 80 in ChiO&&O, while waiting for Geneya to join me her. vas tailor mad. tor me. I .pent the better part of a day .xploring this possibilit.y with the American College Bureau where my papers w.re on file. Mrs. 'Goodell, the head of this teach.rs· agency,. was of course most sympsthetic and cooperat~et SO she wu genUinely sorry that there waa nothing open in my tield just then. Such positions ahe did .haYe would not begin until Septe.aber, 1946,and that was ten months away. I already had my hand on the knob of' the office door, ready to leave, when abe 8~ddenly called ~.back. ~er., ah. aaid, I have juet discov.red something which it ~ight be worth while to explore. The Pr.sident of !lastings Coll.g., Dr. William H. French, is looking 1'or SOlleone to teaoh both philosophy and 8Oc1010gy, "hlcb is your sP.cialty, but though the job would begin 1n September. he bas added .. note saying that it the right person should oomo alon~ he might. be llble to -.-tart this p,r80n in the middle ot' the academio year, that is, in Pebruary next. -Of course we were both delighted with this discovery, eo t.hat I at one. told her to-r.lay my int.rest in this position, and at t.he- same tim. I asked her to .end Dr.JPrenoh a set ot my ered.ntiah. And. of eeur se I al80 promiaeci h.r t.hat I woould write 4ir8ctly to Dr. French telling him of rrry intere.t in t.hi_ position as, soon as I ~~ci r.joinod my fusily in Iblland. Of courle immediately after-I arrived in Ohica~ I had already tele­ phoned Geneya to say that I had arrived. ~he aad. arranrlllents for the caro of our three chUaren so that ahe JIligbt. come to- Ohicago where w. would meet. It. was whUe ah.· wu on the vay that I bad- 'that intoniew- at tbe Amerioan 00 11o&e Burea.t. And· 80 wben· she arriYed on Nov. 12(her lil1rthdayl )tYG\l can bag!ne t.he warm .and tend.r reuniGn whicb took plac. atter our 221DOnth. of ..psrdionl And lIOW to top otf'-our celebration ve could.- -leo .bare- tbe· we100me exoitement occasioned .y the pro8pect ot' ~ posaible job opportunity. What a· doublyjeyous home-colll1ng that-was' Since August ot 194' the '8JIl1l)" had \een renting a c~t.e and con':' venlent. one-floor 1lJC)dern hou1le at 246 W.la'th str.....1n Jblland. But. a short tble be to re my' ret.ur n this heu.. vas so 1cl, 80 _tbat - It.· was . neoU8ary fo1' the talll11y t~..: :p?-"t rent an upstairs apartJllent at. 11' W.1' 'th Str••on a corner directly south ot the'! I;,.,L Third Betor.ed Ohurch. This was to 'b. our loq.atioll \lDtU a job vas certain, and ," 0f­ 4'-- ... - - "..If +,. ft. not lon~ in com1n~. . . . _ ... '" ._ ./ j . ., ~ ~ ~ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RozemaJ Title A name given to the resource Rozema, Jacob (Interview outline, video, and papers), 2007 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rozema, Jacob Description An account of the resource Jacob Rozema was born in the Netherlands and moved with his family to Michigan in 1930. He enlisted in the medical corps and served in the 148th station hospital in New Guinea before transferring to an evacuation hospital in Manila. In the Philippines, he served with front line combat units at times as well. He served in Japan after the war and contrasts what he observed of Japanese brutality in the Philippines with their treatment of the soldiers in the occupation forces. Extensive personal narrative written prior to this interview concerning New Guinea, the Liberation Campaign, Occupation Forces in Japan, return to the US and separation from active duty is appended to this interview outline. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans United States. Army World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Video recordings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-12-14 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ea13039e012b5805aa094e29b5a11eb0.pdf ce85fc27e5185d3f56612d7a6411263b PDF Text Text ·tl· ,/ . "The Authority (Regfonal Transit Authority) shall cooperate with the variou·s public agencies charged with responsibility for long range or comprehensive planning fer the metropolitan region. The Authority shall, prior to the adoption of any five-year program, ..• submit its proposals to such agencies for review and comment, The Authority may make use of existing studies, surveys, plans, data and other materials in the possession of any State agency or department, any planning agency, or any unit of local government." Section 2.12; Coordination with Planning Agencies, Senate Bill 27 Because of the above section and many of the other sections in Senate Bill 27, he tt.er· kr;own as the Rep} onal. Tr·.;n1sportation Authority Act, The Young L,n ·,-ls (..h·g .• n i7.a"tion has <leri de<l to take a position on RTA, We are an organization that has always 0 cted in ·the interest of Latinos and other poor and oppr·E>ssed peo!Jle, From our beginning in 1969 till the present, we have been dealing with the issue of llr•ban Renewal--a nice name fer the inner-city removal of Latinos and other poor and oppressed people. We set up a free day care center, a health clinic, a free food progr·am, a clething program, a breakfast for children program, and aided in setting up a people's law office--t• help the community survive while we organized to fight for low inceme but quality hous .i ug. We knew that Urean Renewal was planned in the interest of the rich rRther than the poor; that rather than change slums it transplanted them and helped to develop bigger slums. Since 1956 "La Clark" and "La Madison"--two large Latino areas--were transported to other areas of the city. Lincoln Park and "La Division" became the new homes for Latinos. Urban Renewal did not provide any jobs or any better educational system; health care did not improve; police were worse than ever; and most important of all, no low-inf'!ome housing was built. Instead, the University of Illinois (Circle Campus) and the Carl Sandburg Village were constructed. Afterwards in Lincoln Park, the Department of Urban Renewal wanted to make it a mo'del for other Urban Renewal areas. Latinos and poor people were moved out. They said, "We want to improve the area; it's near downtown, near the park and beach; it's easily accessible to downtown via Lake Shore Drive and bus route s; and it pr·ov ldes good housing for people who work in the loop." How many housing units were buj_Jt for the poor in Lincoln Park? About six. Now Latinos and other poor have been pushed into Lakeview and Uptown. One would think that this is enough pushing around of people who have been pushed out five or six times. However, the"Chicago 21 Plan", the "Lakefront Plan' , the "Downtown Plan", the ''Chinatown Plan", the Urban Renewal plans for the Pilsen area, and for the Wes town area , are all des.i gned to move po01· peop.1 e, especially Latinos, out of these areas. Mayor Daley wants the inner city for those with the money and not for the poor, Urban Renewal is desigued to make the lakefront and downtown areas acceptable to suh,n·l>:rni 1.<>s /llun RTA wj J l tr·c1nspu-t· L t-lie sub,u·Lan i.-tes into these areas. - . · �But what exactly is the RTA? RTA is basically a mass transportation system that will link the suburbs with the inner city. According to the RTA proponents, it will: 1. 2. 3. 4, 5. 6, 7. 8. 9, 10. Provide better access to jobs, schools, shopping and business centers. Reduce traffic congestion. Conserve energy and preserve the land. Maintain full employment. Coordinate services, stabilize fares, improve transfers. Stimulate business. Keep property values high, Provide mini-busses stopping close to people's homes, Provide more off-hour service, Provide for an appointed nine-man board that will be representative of the entire metropolitan region. We in the Young Lords Organization feel that these so-called benefits are not in the interest of Lr1't i nos and other poor and oppressed people, The fo 11 c,wj ug are I he .1.·~risou~ wliy: 1. 171 million dollars is the projected annual budget, of which 80 million is being provided by sales taxes in the six-county area, 16 million from a new 5% increase in motor fuel tax, 10 million from parking fees and 5 million is a contribution from the City of Chicago. And because 48% of the people in this six-county area live in Chicag~, these same people will be forced to take the overall burden of being heavily taxed for the financing of the RTA, a transportation system designed to benefit suburbanites. 2. Only the residents of the City of Chicago are being taxed from their State motor vehicle license fee, with no provision for taxing the rest of the six-county area. 3. The majority of Chicago residents at this time are Blacks and Latinos. No information is being provided in Spanish for Latinos, no public hearings and no provisions for Latinos and other poor people on the nine-man board. 4. Four of Daley. heading in this 5. We know that present problems in the CTA are not due to lack of funds, but rather to mismanagement by individuals who have been placed there because of their "fondness and dedication to the mayor," 6. We know also that it is the banks, railroads and bondholders who primarily benefit from the RTA. 7. Black, Latin and other poor and oppressed people have not been assured jobs in the suburbs; not even the RTA has assured them jobs. 8. Nothing has been spelJed riders. the nine directors on the board will be hand-picked by Just by the example of no Latinos on the City Council or any of the city departments or in any position of power city, we know how the nine-man board will look. 0irt i_n t"P:t'm!'l o.f belte1.• servjce for RTA �9. The RTA will have the power of Eminent Domain--the right to seize anyone's property, whether or not that person wants to sell it. 10. There's a "no-strike clause" for working people employed by the RTA. 11. The RTA does not improve inner city transportation; only suburban. 12. RTA will not end racism that already exists within the present CTA bureaucracy. (Remember the protests in the Pilsen area whe~e Latinos literally sat down in front of busses to secure a few jobs.) 13. Fares for using RTA have not been mentioned in Senate Bill 27. 14. RTA will set up its own Police Department, with no mention in the Act about investigations of complaints from citizens. They will also be independent of any of the county or local governments. 15. RTA will aid the Department of Urban Renewal to make Chicago's downtown area a shopping center not for Chicago residents, but rather for suburbanites, by providing express trains to downtown Chicago. 16, It also aids Urban Renewal to push industry into the suburbs rather than locate it in the inner city, with the excuse that now there is transportatjon. 17. It also aids the Chicago Housing Authority (made up of Daley appointees) to push for and construct low income housi~g in : ~e suburbs rather than in the inner city. RTA is a plan that has been part of Urban Renewal since it started think i ng in terms of metropolitan rather than city areas. In other words, RTA plus Urban Renewal equals inner city removal of Latino~ and other poor and oppressed people. The Young Lords Organization would never support a program that works abains t the people. We want mass transportation, but only when it benefits the people, and not banking interests, slick-talking racists politicians, and a few individual capitalists. We therefore ask that you vote NO and defeat RTA. QUE VIVA EL PUEBLO, YOUNG LORDS ORGANIZATION � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Young Lords in Lincoln Park Collection Subject The topic of the resource Young Lords (Organization) Puerto Ricans--United States Civil Rights--United States--History Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) Personal narratives Social justice Community activists--Illinois--Chicago Description An account of the resource Collection of oral history interviews and digitized materials documenting the history of the Young Lords Organization in Lincoln Park, Chicago. Interviews were conducted by Young Lords' founder, José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez, and documents were digitized from Mr. Jiménez' archives. The Young Lords in Lincoln Park collection grows out of the ongoing struggle for fair housing, self-determination, and human rights that was launched by Mr. José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez, founder of the Young Lords Movement. This project is dedicated to documenting the history of the displacement of Puerto Ricans, Mejicanos, other Latinos, and the poor from Lincoln Park, as well as the history of the Young Lords nationwide. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jiménez, José, 1948- Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/491">Young Lords in Lincoln Park collection (RHC-65)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-25 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng spa Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-65 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2012-2017 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-65_1974_YLO-RTA-position Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Young Lords Organization Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974 Title A name given to the resource RTA position statement Description An account of the resource Young Lords Organization position statement on the Regional Transit Authority Act, Illinois Senate Bill 27, 1974. Subject The topic of the resource Young Lords (Organization) Young Lords (Organization) History Puerto Rican Civil rights Puerto Rican Social conditions Chicago (Ill.) Civil rights movements Community activists Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Young Lords in Lincoln Park collection (RHC-65) Relation A related resource Young Lords in Lincoln Park interviews Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5d2e250bef77045a0325cdb60ca3a2f4.jpg dd449e43cc612753b8c2697cee06a7ec Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Decorated Publishers' Bindings Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Description An account of the resource From the early 1870s to roughly 1930, many publishers issued their commercial book covers with a remarkable variety of graphic designs and illustrations. This sixty-year period saw many artists and designers contributing to this art form. While some can be identified from their style or initials, others remain unknown. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Michigan Novels Collection Regional Historical Collection Lincoln and the Civil War Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-30 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a>, <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source Seidman Rare Books. PS2704 .R8 1897 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01_Bindings0305 Title A name given to the resource RubaÌiyaÌt of Doc Sifers Description An account of the resource Binding of RubaÌiyaÌt of Doc Sifers, by James Whitcomb Riley and C.M. Relyea, published by Century Co., 1897. Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1897 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/664a241b88f7a22e30df4b21825c2e94.jpg 0eda84d8a222588aa76759a3f9495879 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RubinMark Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Rubin, Mark Description An account of the resource Mark Rubin Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b4df8d84b9816625b9e0bac85824b9d2.pdf 3b3ae7488a4ecab9a33209751d51f62e PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Incunabula Description An account of the resource The term incunabula refers to books printed between 1450 and 1500, approximately the first fifty years following the invention, by Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, of printing from moveable type. Our collection includes over 200 volumes and numerous unbound leaves from books printed during this period. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1450/1500 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Incunabula Collection (DC-03) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United </a> Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng it la nl de Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rudimentum novitiorum [folium 195] Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03_195Rudimentum1475 Description An account of the resource One leaf from Rudimentum novitiorum, printed in Lübeck by Lucas Brandis on August 5, 1475. Illustrated with red rubricated initals. [GW M39062; ISTC ir00345000] Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Lübeck: Lucas Brandis Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Language A language of the resource la Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1475 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0bc0b25c6f53bd71c158c09a48bcd290.jpg daf0437923bcb3da167ce77d81f89ff8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RudolphBennett_Photo1 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1992 Title A name given to the resource Rudolph, Bennett Description An account of the resource Bennett Rudolph, Business Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng 1992s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8dc6afe2064148b320d794e288603aab.jpg d966b9998298d2847f8eae397e3c7941 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RudolphBennett_Photo10 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Rudolph, Bennett Description An account of the resource Bennett Rudolph, Business Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d01b08664437fbadc73feb798ad39ad5.jpg 7b330edca985da2c46ad664bb993f225 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RudolphBennett_Photo2 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1992 Title A name given to the resource Rudolph, Bennett Description An account of the resource Bennett Rudolph, Business Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng 1992s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c0e2dec1c88165c71454d095c66cf92a.jpg 5dfda2df62ab4af8c6be30b23861e805 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RudolphBennett_Photo3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1992 Title A name given to the resource Rudolph, Bennett Description An account of the resource Bennett Rudolph, Business Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng 1992s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6e6cba6cf5d193b3fe1cd36ac13b619a.jpg bebaa6303c45980424cde3ca19f2bd43 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RudolphBennett_Photo4 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1992 Title A name given to the resource Rudolph, Bennett Description An account of the resource Bennett Rudolph, Business Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng 1992s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/de13157bc99d9daf29b14ea15e2b280f.jpg 240c9e8177e730240837a7fa7efff45b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RudolphBennett_Photo5 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1992 Title A name given to the resource Rudolph, Bennett Description An account of the resource Bennett Rudolph, Business Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng 1992s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1b9768ee5b6878a5857a3527cf85b83a.jpg e917fc977000ba3d005166e71ea609f3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RudolphBennett_Photo6 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Rudolph, Bennett Description An account of the resource Bennett Rudolph, Business Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9b073031f3036c8ec8c8cf39d72fed2d.jpg a63d8869deee62f4cd49dd539b6f8b47 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RudolphBennett_Photo7 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980 Title A name given to the resource Rudolph, Bennett Description An account of the resource Bennett Rudolph, Business Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng 1980s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/fc75448867419d218c180d7082e07451.jpg e43022e3ea1b53411d87dbb737f16d8e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RudolphBennett_Photo8 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Rudolph, Bennett Description An account of the resource Bennett Rudolph, Business Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d8fb89df1da72040f7ca60eddbb1afd4.jpg 92c61a89a6004f3b81c7d185694a18db Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RudolphBennett_Photo9 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Rudolph, Bennett Description An account of the resource Bennett Rudolph, Business Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/41ad9ea7c5cd3043f60dee6348e0a88e.pdf d49c10c6df560b570746d96e440688a0 PDF Text Text THE GRAND RAPIDS HERALD, SUNDAY, Rugg Oarsmen ho on orld Honors In 1887 ill Have Reunion at Luncheon ( The 0-Wash-Ta-Nong Junior Four oarsmen broke a world's record in a two~mile race, with turn, in 1887-and their feat has never been duplicated. The famous quartet will be reunited at the Rotary lunch• eon given in honor of Albert A. Carroll, w·ho has just retired as superintendent of police, From left to right, Jesse Fox, William Sargent, Charles McQue wan and Albert A. Carroll, Charles McQuewan was bowling with a group of friends at the Elks temple when a. Herald reporter talked with him, between frames, of the old 0-Wash-TaNong rowing club. McQuewan, a medium-sized man with the compact body and smooth, strong hands of an athlete, despite 77 years, was sending his favorite ball floating down the long hardwood alleyway with the enthusiasm and skill of a bowler of long practice. He grinned at the reporter and flexed his arm "Poke it," he invited, "and see what rowing did said. "You won't find any healthier men than the members of the old 0-Wash-Ta-Nong junior . four." The junior four, by the way, is to reassemble next Thursday noon ,vhen A. A. ·C arroll, retired police superintendent, is guest of honor at the Rotary club luncheon at the Pantlind hotel. Carroll S•troke Oar Carroll was stroke oar in the l'.amous junior four that set a world's record for the two-milewith-turn race held at Reeds• lake in the' summer of 1887. McQuewan was No. 2 man. William Sargent, now a farmer near Frelll'lnt, was bow-oar and Jesse for us." Fox, now of Alaska, Mich., was No. The reporter poked blacksmith- 3 man. hard muscles that bulged under Mr. Sargent, who paid Carroll a McQue\van's shirtsleeve. visit Thursday, didn't belle the ''I'm no exception," McQuewan oaken-soundness of his fellow oa·rs- I • ~ .: Will Be in Direct Control of Detectives, Under O'Malley Frank O'Malley, Grand Rapids' new superintendent of police, entered office Saturday on one of the quietest days in the n1onth, so far as c·rime reports were concerned. He came into a flower-bedecked office and spent moct of the day in receiving well-wishers. Chief O'Malley announced that Lieut. Detective Albert ,S cheiern would take direct controi of the detective bureau. While O'Malley continues to be chief of detectives, it "'as necessary for him to name someone to take active charge of that bureau, make the necessary assignments to investigations and handle the routine work. Mifts Mabel Gordon, stenographer in the superintendent's office under A. A. Carroll, will remain in that capacity and Mrs. Addie Deutsch will remain as stenographer in the detective bureau. ..............~, Month Has New Claim to Fame • Damage Suit Retrial 1s Denied C. Kalder ·Circuit Judge W. B. Perkins denled ·S aturday the motion of counsel for Charles W. Kalder for a new trial of the ·damage suit brought against him by his sister, Mrs. Hazel Abbott, of Detroit. Mrs. Abbott was given judgment for more than $900 and title to an automobile, the ownership of which was in dispute. Kalder, former South Division ave. business man, is serving a term in Leavenworth penitentiary for a narcotics law violation. Town Has $142,000 High School, No Operating Fund; It's Idle for 2 Years DUCKTOWN, Tenn., Feb. 1 UP)This center o:f the famous Ducktown copper basin has a $142,000 Junior high school building over Sargent Good Boxer • As a former state champion, Mr. ,Sargent is greatly interested in boJi.ing or, 1t·s he prefers to call it, "sparring." He voiced objection t newspaper reference to boxing a, a "brutal" business. "I'd say it wa. the most scientific game going," h opined. Carroll's eyes lighted a little and he said soothingly, "Now, you know boxing Is a brutal business. Don't you remember how hard I hit you in that friendly little .sparring match we had out at Reeds lake one summer?" Sargent admitted he remembere this. He also remembered that on summer when the captain of a De troit crew, just defeated by th Grand R a p i d s oarsmen, had wagered his men could out-spa the Grand Rapids crew, Carroll ha blithely volunteered the sparrin services of William Sargent, 14. pounds, against the 18'5-pound De troit bow-oar. a. World's Record Stands NEW YORK. Feb. 1 IUP)Today was the first of five Saturdays in Febru·a ry, It won't happen again until 1964. The fact the first day of the month was Saturday and this is a leap year is responsible. It's the seventh time since the Gregorian calendar was adopted in Great Britain and this country in 1752 that the month will have had five Saturdays. •••• • men. He shook; hands in the same firm-handed manner, and displayed as keen an interest in sports. M'r. Carroll was a strapping fellow with thick, curly black hair and an impressive moustache In 1887, when he stroked the junior four to its momentous victory in the Northwestern Amatuer Rowing association regatta at Reeds lake. The crew cut the world's record for the two-mile-with-tu·rn race from 12: 42 to 12: 27. This record still stands. Nowadays that distance is not raced, so the record probably will continue to stand. The 1887 junior four won the first leg of a trophy offered for that race and two years later Carroll coached the junior four that won the second leg, and permanent possession of the trophy, for Grand Rapids. :Mr. Carroll now has this trophy. The Grand Rapids club participated in many events. One well remembered was a regatta, in 1889, ·at Salt Lake City, Utah. The Grand Rapids team was invited by that city's chamber of commerce and had it-s expenE:es paid for the trip. It was the first such race ever rowed on Great Salt lake, and the oarsmen. they came from Chicago, St. Louis and Peoria as well as Grand Rapids, found rowing in the salt-heavy waters both exasperating and amusing. McQuewa11 Organized Club The 0-Wash-Ta-Nong club was organized in 1884 and passed out of existence in 1890. It Wa!!l succeeded by the Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe club, of which /Charles McQuewan was organizer. Mchill and none is left to run the Quewan was president of the latter Junior high school. club when it was organized and So the 30-room building, flanked he was president of the club, in on one :,ide by a big auditorium 1928, when it was disbanded, withand on the other by a gymnasium, out, McQuewan proudly points out, stands idle and vacant. owing a cent to anyone. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club Description An account of the resource Scrapbooks of newsclippings, photographs, postcards, and ephemera of the Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club. Photos were taken at regattas on Reeds Lake; the Grand River; Peoria, Illinois; and in Chicago of club members, and events. Historical articles, reports of regatta events, and articles featuring members Charles McQuewan and Jack Corbett are included. Programs include the First Grand Regatta on Great Salt Lake 1888, and Peoria Rowing Festival, and banquet and music programs and the GR Log, a publication of the Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club. Materials from the Central States Amater Rowing Association, and the National Association of Amateur Oarsmen are also included. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1980s to 1940s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/481">Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club scrapbooks, (RHC-54)</a> Subject The topic of the resource Grand Rapids (Mich.) Outdoor recreation Boats and boating Racing shells Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-54 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-54_Ephemera-GRRC_F202 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Grand Rapids Herald Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource no date Title A name given to the resource Rugged Oarsmen Will have Reunion at Luncheon Description An account of the resource Newspaper Article about the 1887 World Honors Winners from Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club, and their reunion at the luncheon honoring A. A. Carroll. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grand Rapids Rowing Club Subject The topic of the resource Grand Rapids (Mich.) Outdoor recreation Boats and boating Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/481">Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club scrapbooks (RHC-54)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">No Known Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e15f0c9ae3454e6ff56880b7a80f2d9a.jpg a06e0366344766d62829841a338a779d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RuhlmanJohn Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Ruhlman, John Description An account of the resource John Ruhlman Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/08ce280d316c2351322d0aaa7450f3eb.jpg d12eb89910c3bfbb977b1e045a835283 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1990s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000351 Title A name given to the resource Runners at the Grand Valley State Invitational Description An account of the resource Runners at the Grand Valley State Invitational, Sept. 1990. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Students Events Sports Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/506d4f0b7eea2362239cbbec747a2eb5.jpg 4fa0d0887a1ee04d492f58ed0bbdac4b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RuppertRichard Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Ruppert, Richard Description An account of the resource Richard Ruppert, Staff Actor Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/7d7367cde64aa0f2422776a5d5903eaa.jpg fe3f2e3d6ba107e6047e7b0ea086350d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RusLouis_Photo01 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Rus, Louis Description An account of the resource Louis Rus, English Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9e1dd8644f7033577004676ba2f8ec18.jpg 826442bd53c352ba86bd8d9e06d114f2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RusLouis_Photo02 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Rus, Louis Description An account of the resource Louis Rus, English Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8d25956a6fbc491fcc833c5f7803adef.jpg dc22cd34d93e25e9eab8b04e5a0ce9c7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RusLouis_Photo03 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Rus, Louis Description An account of the resource Louis Rus, English Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/cd4f13483f2dff274c9aa716798b9775.jpg 19c1be0169e0c21a5845c359112a5e4b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RusLouis_Photo04 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Rus, Louis Description An account of the resource Louis Rus, English Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng