841 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9dae755e410eabcbc6533780bb7aff47.mp4 4ab07ec8b198786c64a10fc7d205e2f5 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/98ff862349a06b58ac4c63ce43111cc2.pdf 8fe002f42e6050affaffb1a625dff5fd PDF Text Text William James College Interviews GV016-16 Interviewer: Barbara Roos Interviewee: Rosemary Willey Date: 1984 Part: 3 of 3 [Rosemary] We're rolling. [Barbara] Is there anything we could have done differently there at the end to save ourselves? [Rosemary] Well, God – that’s a very difficult question because, quite honestly, I don't think so. But I tend to be kind of a pessimistic person. I'm not sure what we could have done because it got to the point, we were working in an environment that was… you know, we were going against the mainstream; we were running an opposite course. And, I think with the way Grand Valley was moving, as a whole, there was really very little we could do. I didn't realize that at first, I think many students…you know, we were taught that these values, and this approach to education was vital. It was really going to do things for us. I mean nobody went to William James to be told that this is going to fall apart. You know, I mean they went to William James because there was a real supportive set of ideas that made some sense to you, and that was going to be very advantageous to me. You felt good about what was happening. So, I think that students when they… when there was some organizing to save the college, it was really heartfelt. We really thought we could have an effect on a few things. I mean it came down to simply wanting to save the name. You know, for one of the departments or something. But so, when it became clear to me that it was a losing battle, I'm not sure if everyone felt that way, but there was a point, I think. I saw it happen to many people. There was a point where you felt it was a losing battle, and you didn't go to council. I mean why get up at nine o'clock on Friday morning, get in there to sit around at a council, you know, that's kind of digging our grave. That was sort of the activity of the day. It was always quite depressing. The students started to kind of, you know, we went from everybody showing up because we were going to do something about this. To people just needing to, you know, get back to work on their classes. I mean, some students were letting classes slide because they felt so strongly about this movement, this organizing. So, then we all kind of stepped back, and just had to look out for ourselves. And take care of ourselves, and I for one didn't want to be devastated. So, I just got back to my own ideas. This is why I… part of how I ended up in New York, was that I kind of wanted to be sure that I was paving my way out to put myself in a new environment where there were opportunities and things kind of bursting, things going on that I can feel new and involved in as opposed to sliding off of this closing of William James. So, I stepped out into New York, which was very �refreshing, but I had my tools – so to speak – with me from this education and all these experiences and I think I could take on the city and many different kinds of people because William James was very rich. [Barbara] I’m reading a book right now on American education. Did you ever feel at James that you were involved in anything radical? Does that seem a useful word? [Rosemary] William James, as an entity, which it became sometimes… I mean, there were many times when I felt like I was going to college and I was excited to get to my classes and I was involved in this community and I worked in the students’ files office and it kind of became my world. And when I was really just being a part of this community, it didn't feel radical, it didn't feel… I didn't stop and think that it was special and different – not very often – but I do when I look at it in the terms of education and our society today. I do see that it was a radical place only because it was different. It moved away from the simple formulas and structures that I think the educational process can be boiled down to these tight little systems and because William James was so different and operating on such different principles, it was a radical organization – radical idea – and it certainly allowed for you to meet many different political types now because “radical” is kind of a political word to me. I think of, you know, being able to study social issues from a socialist point of view or this kind of thing was extraordinary and different. Now, I made a mention of being excited to go to class and this is something that, you know, I remember time and again and there were a lot of little networks that were built up in the classes. You would meet for coffee to talk about your class, these kinds of things. The excitement in the activity of learning was really something that I felt there. And once you could grasp the process, you know, read something, and think out something and have these conversations in the classroom – it was very confidence building thing. Especially as a freshman coming from high school where, you know, high school can be a kind of dehumanizing identity crisis and certainly was for me. To step into something that involved you and meant something to you, where you weren't afraid of what you thought and to say what you thought. It built character, it built real character, and there were a lot of characters there. Yeah. [Barbara] Do you remember any in particular? [Rosemary] Oh, I remember all of them. I remember all of them in particular because I haven't met people like that since. So, they do, they really stand out to me. People that really had an effect on me. People that I miss and people that I still write to and I'm very fond of. [Unknown] Students as well as…? [Rosemary] Students as well as professors. I have had connections to professors that were, �you know, beyond a student professor relationship, where they saw I wrote some poetry and I had Roz [Rosalind] Mayberry paying attention to me as a person who was connecting things and discovering the magic of my own words and she would relate to me in being just as excited and involved in my process of learning and this is something that I still can't, you know… I still write a poem and want to know what Roz thinks and we are in touch and it certainly isn’t something that has stopped because our class ended. That's enough, that's good enough, yeah. [Barbara] Okay, this is a place that was, you know, this was change, this was a changeoriented place. That’s what we’re going to have to deal with and we didn’t deal with it, Rose. They don’t quite say that. [Rosemary] Change. Oh, you mean like I said something about how, you know, we were being taught to live in a changing world, this kind of thing, and I talked about that being valuable to me. But I don't know what you mean. [Barbara] Real change confronted the college, but we didn’t feel it. [Rosemary] Alright, okay. Yeah, that's right. I did have a way that I wanted to put that. You know, I sort of feel like it's up to you, too. What I did was I was thinking along the lines of all these things that were so essential to us: integration, holistic approaches to learning, well-rounded, not only career-oriented. These things that really had substance became like buzzwords and when we were crumbling, we were still trying to (crumbling… I’ve got to quit saying that) but we were still trying to hang onto these essential things. But I think quite hypocritically because we were allowing so much to be put upon ourselves, so many compromises. [Barbara] Like what? [Rosemary] Just the whole system of getting students out and graduated became systematized in a way that wasn't paying attention to students’ particular needs and problems. So that when we would come up with a graduate, and all of a sudden people realized this person couldn't write very well, the student got stopped and nailed and I think it was simply a matter of our being so caught up in covering our asses and that there was a lot of things at the beginning – students, their needs, where they're at, how to build and work with them – that started to get systematized and the very typical thing of, you know, Johnny can't read or write, that could happen to us and it did, it did happen. [Barbara] I know it's hard to believe we still have a couple of people who are all William James people who have graduated yet because they can't write. [Rosemary] It's hard to believe but… and it's hard to sit back and say that it’s William James’s fault. I think, you know, here again it's difficult to place blame because if we had �all the support we needed so that we didn't have to worry about how we appear – the society or whatever – we could have continued to pay attention to those things that were vital to the individuals. But it became quite clear that there were three or four or five individuals that were really in there bantering, playing a hard game, to keep what was essential to the college but that was really all I think that, you know, the small things we started to compromise on. I mean, it's very small but, you know, you start to number your courses. You start… [Barbara] What difference does it make if you number your courses? [Rosemary] Immediately students would get the impression that, gee, I better take this course before this course and then I have to have this course before this course. Now, at times there was a simple logic to that… to being able to sit in a class and know what's going on, to have a little bit of history with the subject. But I think in general, it meant that students stepped into a kind of semi-structure and saw that and tried to move through it as though it really were a structure. It was very confusing. I mean, I sat down with beginning students in those last years who were concerned that they couldn't take this course because it didn’t fit their study plan, you know, the study plan became this rock that you carved your classes into and I think that there were a lot of students that started to feel like there was this whole… there was a set of expectations that they've simply had to do to graduate now. I think we handled those expectations entirely differently at first because it fit a certain philosophy to go out, to try things, to be well-rounded, to be sure you’ve... I mean, sometimes it boiled down to, you know, be sure you’ve had a class with Dick Paschke especially because he will really change your way of thinking. And I think these things were happening in a way that was much more individualized and progressive than, you know, school by numbers and I think we're to blame for that a little bit because we started to lose confidence in ourselves. We started to misunderstand, perhaps, what these essential ideas meant and how to work with them, how to use them as you know so it amounted to a kind of model. I mean, William James was really a tremendous model for a lot of people, and it was a surprise to a lot of people, but I think I was there long enough to not be too surprised. Yeah, I had a couple friends that took this college so seriously and so to heart, I mean, they were more than us, but we were angered. Frequently, we were angered by the students that kind of weren’t getting it. They weren’t getting it; they were taking advantage, they were only here to do their photography and to go get a job, you know. We were really troubled by that, but it certainly wasn't the student’s fault. [Barbara] Why wasn’t it their fault? [Rosemary] Because these were the shifts that were beginning to make sense to those young people. These were the kinds of shifts that were setting in this sort of new logic that I think put too much emphasis on career and much less emphasis on �discovery of all possibilities that you can have in those few years. And, you know, I am very well aware of the numbers game that started to set in in terms of how many students are in what programs and if it was really mounting up in that media program, for example, then we better pay a lot of attention to that. I mean, the bottom line is getting students in there and getting enough money so that the college would survive. And we had to have some kind of external measure of value and it pretty much amounted to how successful I think we were in terms of student ratios and numbers and things that for some of the students that were aware would really seem hypocritical and we would get very angry and fed up and these were the things that made us feel like it was a losing battle, and we ought to take care of our coursework and get out. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource William James College Interviews Description An account of the resource Videotaped interviews of William James College faculty, students and administrators by Barbara Roos. William James College opened in 1971 as the third baccalaureate degree granting college for Grand Valley. It was originally designed to be an interdisciplinary, non-departmentalized college consisting of concentration programs, rather than majors. Curriculum was organized around three concentrations that were meant to be interdisciplinary career preparation offerings: Social Relations, Administration and Information Management, and Environmental Studies. The college was discontinued in 1983 during a reorganization of Grand Valley. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/69">William James College faculty and student interviews (GV016-16)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Universities and colleges Oral histories Alternative education Interdisciplinary approach in education Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Roos, Barbara (Interviewer) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV016-16 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Language A language of the resource eng Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV016-16_GVSU_03_Willey Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Willey, Rosemary Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Title A name given to the resource Rosemary Willey interview (3 of 3, video and transcript) Description An account of the resource Interview with Rosemary Willey by Barbara Roos, documenting the history of Grand Valley State's William James College. William James College was the third baccalaureate degree granting college for Grand Valley. It was originally designed to be an interdisciplinary, non-departmentalized college consisting of concentration programs, rather than majors. The college opened in 1971 and was discontinued in 1983 during a reorganization of Grand Valley State. Rosemary Willey was a student of William James College from 1977 to 1982. In this interview, Rosemary discusses the closing of William James College, her memory of the cast of characters in their community, and the shift toward a more career-oriented education for the youth at that time. This interview is part 3 of 3 for Rosemary Willey. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Roos, Barbara (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Universities and colleges Oral histories Alternative education Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/69">William James College faculty and student interviews (GV016-16)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/be9f3a4481977101d3f967604e2a46bd.m4v ce51212d68fd2b6a4ed1d24318b5dab0 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3713de853103d9a3d059837296bf1755.pdf 19dd0cf5bc86308f2950182d2367c661 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans’ History Project Larry Rosencrans Vietnam War 1 hour 44 minutes 12 seconds (00:00:16) Early Life -Born in Muskegon Michigan, on December 2nd 1948. -Grew up in Muskego, but moved often. -Attended school in Whitehall and several other schools. -Step father worked various jobs: construction, roofing, baking, bus driving, postal carrier, raised animals, etc. -Graduated from Oakridge High School in 1967. -During high school worked at a foundry. -Received his draft notice in 1969. -Signed up for college, but drafted before taking classes. -Had lost older friends to the Vietnam War already. -Although he didn’t go out of his way to pay close attention to news of the War, he did pick up on a number of things. -Recalls getting out of Ravenna High School the day Kennedy was shot. -Saw newscasts during the time of the Tet Offensive. -Considered moving to Canada in spite of the draft. -However he chose to be drafted. -Took a vote amongst their family. -Family was no stranger to hunting and using guns. (00:05:00) -He was familiar with hunting for purpose. -However he was not interested in killing people. -Busses shuttled them from downtown Muskegon to Detroit for physical exams. -Exam standards did not seem too picky. Very rushed. -Some men attempted to fail the exam by getting drunk the night before. -After physicals they were sent back to Muskegon for induction. -Next they were sent to Detroit once again. -Captains were ordering certain men to wax the floor. Basic Training at Fort Knox and AIT Training at Fort Polk -From Detroit they were sent to Fort Knox, Kentucky for basic training. -He was not a smoker or drinker, so often he would be indoors in the barracks. -He trained with a number of people from Muskegon as well. -Training consisted of marching, firing range practice, working to think as a unit, exercise. -The camp next door had an ersatz pool full of sugar sand. -Swimming was part of that unit’s routine. (00:10:00) -In general the drill sergeants treated them like dirt. -He has a hearing condition that caused him to hear vowels differently. �-E.g. hearing “towel” instead of “shovel”. -Caused him to frequently get punished for what was a misunderstanding. -They never followed up on his explanations. -Basic training lasted about 6 ~ 8 weeks. -Their Sergeant conflicted with the top Sergeant of the Company and got fired. -And so they trained without a Platoon Sergeant for a time. -Eventually their platoon was given a “babysitter”. -During their assignment he was chosen for officer school. -He was assigned to Tigerland in Fort Polk Louisiana for infantry training. -Never applied for officer’s school. -Likely chosen because his scores were good. -He also had a SPN number (SPN or SPD or SDN code) that was a secret code intended to show to potential employers that he would be a “trouble maker”. -Fort Polk weather was just like a humid jungle. -Locals would occasionally fire guns dangerously nearby. -Mock Vietnamese villages were setup. -Training in mud. (00:15:00) -A Jeep was buried amongst the mud. -While they were being lectured they had a mock Viet Cong sneak up behind the speaker to illustrate the importance of awareness. -Some of the military training officials had already been to the War in Vietnam. -Heard highly unconventional things from them about taking their own weapons with them. -E.g. sawed-off shotguns. -The veterans told them stories about mutilations, from both sides. -They were exposed to gas to experience what it would be like. -He desired to be as prepared as possible, so he requested to repeat the gas chamber. -There were opportunities to leave the base. -However he wasn’t interested. -Not interested in partying. -The town wasn’t considered safe. (00:20:00) -While growing up he was heavily exposed to Christian teaching. -He was on the Bible debate team. -AIT training at Fort Polk lasted about 6 ~ 8 weeks. -At the graduation exam, the entire Company failed. -Part of the exam: blind folded gun assembly. -While piercing a tire with his bayonet it got stuck. -Friends of his that got lost on a maneuver. -They sent them all to Vietnam anyway. -They were given X amount of days before reporting to San Diego to depart to Vietnam. -Larry, with his friends, convinced a local to fly them via biplane to the airport. -Returned home from there before departing to Vietnam. -The buck sergeants that were doing the training were new and in training themselves. -Flew home via a civilian chartered plane. �(00:25:00) -On the flight to Vietnam they stopped in Alaska, then an island of Japan, then to Vietnam. -Possible they may have stopped at the Philippines as well. Vietnam in the Jungles -Uncertain of their landing site, but it was either Long Binh or Bien Hoa -Landed in Vietnam during the day. -Next took another vehicle to a different site closer to their unit. -Upon landing he was struck by the powerful smell of the musk and rot in the jungle. -Witnessed piles high of black body bags with dead soldiers. -The veteran soldiers were highly emotional at the sight of their arrival. -He arrived in Vietnam in July of 1969. -An adjustment to earlier statements: -May have taken a flight from Okinawa to this Vietnam base. -Near Saigon. A base very large in size. -Locals attempted to sell the new soldiers a variety of items. -E.g. marijuana packed in cigarettes for $2.00. (00:30:00) -Eventually they arrived at Camp Enari, near Pleiku Vietnam. -4th infantry division’s base. -Next they proceeded to their brief training. -Shooting at “pop up” mock targets. -Included women, children, dogs. -Instruction on hygiene: keeping their feet dry to avoid dry rot. -Shots up to date. -No training on Vietnamese culture or locals. -He was assigned to 1st [Battalion] of the 12th [Regiment] 4th Infantry [Division], Charlie Company, the second platoon. -Upon his arrival his platoon was out in the jungle. -He was dropped off at landing zone Penny (LZ Penny). -Endured some minor attacks while they waited for the platoon to return. -They returned on August 3rd, and he left with them the next day. -Adjusting to the new experiences was a lot to take in. -Getting cut on foliage, mosquitoes, paranoia about noises, weather. -A machine gunner had his weapon caught on a branch and shot himself in the leg. -No thorough instruction: they were given roles amongst their team walking in the jungle. -Using the machete in front. -Being “on point” by the third day. (00:35:00) -Taking turns having guard duty. -The entire Company was out in the jungle on a sweep. -Heavy casualties meant that many roles were left empty. -The first night in the jungle he experienced. -Very uncomfortable but not attacked. -Humidity, mosquitoes, downpours, then fog. -Recalling another night; they were waiting for a Lieutenant to arrive. �-One of the soldiers had prostitutes flown in to the site. -It was at that time the Lieutenant arrived. -Essentially ignored the situation. -Larry as well as a soldier of Hopi Indian descent were the only two to abstain. (00:40:00) -Began volunteering for assignments. -Considered it more desirable than the alternatives. E.g. spit shining. -At that point would have preferred to “take a bullet” just to get out of Vietnam. -Leading up to this, a number of experiences that wore out his stamina for the War: -A large assault on an NVA position -Given food, movies, and a free call home. -He came down with malaria three times. -Given flu shots for his malaria symptoms. -Eventually when he had malaria the fourth time, sent to Japan. -Was not treated for malaria properly by the military. -Additionally he was allergic to penicillin. -Also while in the Japanese hospital (later) he found out he had G6PD. -A genetic blood condition. -The jungle is so thick that you can’t see more than a foot ahead of you. (00:45:00) -Happened upon some kind of ancient pyramid structure in the jungle. -While on assignment to pick up a CIA “ghost”. -After coming to a town that had been abandoned in their expectation, his comrades wanted to rob the locals of their abandoned valuables. -He managed to talk them out of it. -Once they found the CIA “ghost” they insisted that he walk in front of them through jungle. -Because of distrust of government officials. -E.g. government had claimed there was a cease fire on New Year’s, however it was a lie. -Wondered whether he could be a double agent. -Another type of assignment he would volunteer for: -Listening for any movement. -Communicated via radio noise. -A friend he knew was on a listening assignment when a tiger attacked him. (00:50:00) -Witnessed explosions, tracers, and bullets in the background and in the sky at night. -A different time, this was shortly after he arrived, there was a rocket attack. -Killed their motor team, three men and a sergeant were wounded. -Returned fire which granted him a combat infantry medal. -Yet another event while rescuing a platoon: -He was injured in his finger. -Several soldiers were killed in an ambush. -He cleared the way and returned with the platoon. (00:55:00) -Recounts an attack where he injured his hand. -It was not life threatening and so they opted to wait until the next day to treat it. -Their experiences were of living in the jungle. Not at a base. �-He became a radio operator. He would hear surreal and shocking things over radio. -E.g. soldiers that would leave the area to go to the bathroom, lapse in protocol and be mistakenly shot by their own soldiers. (01:00:00) -One assignment he was ordered to protect bulldozers. -Due to the monsoons and the chaos they were likely drinking the chemicals from Agent Orange. -They would use M113 carriers to flush enemies out of the brush. -Riding the carriers like a horse or a bull. -Some soldiers would harass locals doing their wash by shooting near them and watching them flee. -One instance, on the M113 carrier he ran into a nest of ants. -After throwing his shirt into the carrier hatch he accidentally spread the ants to those inside. -His duration with the 4th Infantry Division lasted approximately from August 3rd until October of 1969. (01:05:00) Leaving Vietnam and Fort Hood -Signed up for training in small engine repair. -He was taken by helicopter back to Camp Enari and then back to the base where he was to be trained. -His new superior was pleased to have a soldier with experience as a new mechanic. -Not a “pencil pusher” type. -No formal training. Learning as you go. -A few days later he came down with malaria again. -Some time in November. -Before Christmas at some point he was taken to Japan for his malaria. -Stayed there until February. -Now he is intended to be sent back to the US. -Requires flying back to Vietnam to do so. -Once back in Vietnam he discovered he had no flying or traveling orders. (01:10:00) -Eventually he traded money in exchange for getting his flying orders. -Leaves Vietnam in February. -Is sent to Fort Hood, Texas. -Given enough to go home to see family before returning to Fort Hood. -In the US, he was insulted during times he would wear his uniform. -Despite any political disagreement, he was proud for his service. -At Fort Hood, he was assigned the light heavy duty mechanic duty. -Then became a clerk, and a motor pool clerk. -Worked as a specialist. -Had on job training for automotive repair. -Because of these new benefits it was highly tempting to remain in the military. -But because of the seeming senselessness of some decision making he desired to leave. -His duration at Fort Hood lasted from 1970 to 1972. -He was present during the protest by Jane Fonda. (01:15:00) �-During his time there he would drink occasional wine (mixed with soda). -During his time in the hospital in Japan he smoked marijuana once. -Then at Fort Hood he had marijuana occasionally. -Served a purpose for him to lessen his nightmares and help relax. -The military didn’t attempt to convince him to remain in the service. -He made his intentions clear. Returning to Earlier Comments, Misc. and Post War Life -Encountered the local Vietnamese during sweeps. -After the one battle, they swept a significant city nearby. -Encountered them in observation, searching, etc. -Not very much prolonged interaction. (01:20:00) -Garbage dumps had to be guarded so locals couldn’t make weapons. -The moral when he arrived in Vietnam was very low. -Casualties and attacks had worn them down. -Have low expectations: “consider yourself already dead”. -That way everything else is a positive. -Regarding his location when he was flown out for the small engine repair assignment: -Last leg of his flight took him into Saigon. -Yet there’s no flight from there so he’s required to take a taxi with guns and ammo. -Had a lengthy conversation with the taxi driver about his home life and beliefs. (01:25:00) -Did not witness very much racial tension on the base during his time. -Because he was in the jungle, the situation was different. -Required more trust. (01:30:00) -At Fort Hood he had quite a few black friends. -In one situation they were made to leave a German club. -Dreams and nightmares from his service still linger. -Undertook stress management at the VA. -However the bureaucracy and legalities are a burden. -Has not received his purple heart. (01:35:00) -During one of his malaria recovery periods in treatment there was rocket fire nearby. -They moved the patients to a bunker. -He met Johnny Cash while they were taking refuge in the bunker. -After his discharge from the military in 1972 he went to Muskegon Community College. -Went for auto mechanics. -Worked at a dealership where he was injured in a car accident. -Underwent training at Ferris for heavy equipment management. -Transferred to Western Michigan University to finish Bachelor of Science degree. -While in Fort Hood he married and had a family. -Divorced in 72/73. -Entered a second marriage. -Worked as an auditor for Speedway. �-Went into automotive management. (01:40:00) -Often changed jobs, got bored and required something new. -Went to massage school. -Positive aspects of service in the military: -Met some good people. -Traveled the world. -Helped to give him a broader view of the world and events. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_RosencransL1901V Title A name given to the resource Rosencrans, Larry Michael (Interview outline and video), 2015 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-11-24 Description An account of the resource Larry Rosencrans was born in Muskegon, Michigan in 1948. After high school he was drafted in 1967 and his basic training took place at Fort Knox, Kentucky. At Fort Polk, Louisiana he underwent his AIT training before being sent to Vietnam in 1969. Near Pleiku Vietnam at Camp Enari he underwent more training, and then he was assigned to the 4th Infantry Division. In the jungles Larry would participate in a number of missions until 1969 when he left Vietnam. From 1970-1972 his mechanical repair skills came in handy in Fort Hood, Texas where he worked as a heavy duty mechanic, then later as a motor pool clerk. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rosencrans, Larry Michael Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Moving Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/x-m4v application/pdf https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8d1192d8dfceb69b8236926e873e1a46.mp4 46fcc7987e4b79b924cbcc1dc82a9504 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/48df6d4a0f2ad8851d6d47adaeb3b051.pdf dcd34ee67162417a3e427524aeeb0497 PDF Text Text Rosin, Jim Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Name of War: Vietnam War Interviewee’s Name: Jim Rosin Length of Interview: (02:22:01) Interviewed by James Smither Transcribed by: Lyndsay Curatolo Interviewer: “We’re talking today with Jim Rosin of Wyoming, Michigan and the interviewer is James Smither of the Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project. Okay, Jim start us off with some background on yourself, and to begin with, where and when were you born?” Okay, I was born in 1947, September, in Bay City, Michigan. And lived there all my adolescent, adolescent life. And went to high school at Bay City Central High School, graduated in 1965. And, in the summer of 1966 I went to work for a company in Saginaw, Michigan that sold bakery equipment. And then in the summer of 1966 I was asked to come down to Detroit for the physical for the military, for the draft. So, went down to Detroit, had the physical, came back, got the notice I was qualified for military service. Didn’t know when, at that time, Vietnam in 1966, early 66’, Vietnam was starting to ramp up. And there was a lot of publicity, but I don’t think there was the animosity towards Vietnam at that point. You know? So. Interviewer: “To back up a little bit, when you did the physical, how serious a physical was it?” Oh it was, it was serious. Yeah, they stripped you right down and took x-rays and did the whole work. I had appendicitis earlier that year and I had the scar on my abdomen and they were quite curious about that, what that was, you know. And all that, so. But again I was, I was cleared physically to be able to do that, so. (2:33). Interviewer: “Because I guess later on a lot of the descriptions are more cursory. They just, you know, “can you breathe?” Yes. Okay. But at that point they did not need the huge numbers that they would need. Even late in 66’ there was a huge–- very large draft out of Michigan. But you were doing your physical a little bit ahead of all of that. So, at the point when you’re actually called for the physical you don’t actually know whether or not you’re going to be drafted at all. This is just part of the system.” �Yes, correct. I was a part of a system and they didn’t have the numbers then–– the draft numbers then or anything like that. You were considered, I guess I was considered 1A, or something like that. So, which was fine. So I went through the summer, and waiting for the letter to come. And it finally came, I believe, the end of August of 1966 that I was to report for transfer. And going into the army in October 20, 1966. Interviewer: “So where do you report first?” I reported to the courthouse in Bay City, first, and they checked us off and then they loaded us on a bus, and took us down to Detroit again. The same place we had the physical–– Interviewer: “Through Fort Wayne?” And–– yeah at Fort Wayne. I couldn’t think of the name of it but that’s it, you know? And it was a really, kind of, a dilapidated place at that point. Interviewer: “It is” It was very rundown. And in fact, when we went down for the physical, we had to spend the night. And they put us in this hotel in downtown Detroit that was really nasty–– you know, in 1966. We didn’t even–– in fact, the guys wanted to go out and get a drink and get a beer and all of that stuff. Of course we weren’t of age or anything like that but, but we went–– we stayed in the hotel needless to say. And some guys snuck in some beer for us so we did have a couple beers that night, but, but yeah it was, it was an interesting start. And then–– go ahead. Interviewer: “I guess I was wondering, you know, you were, did you just accept the fact that at some point you were going to be in the service? You weren’t looking for ways to get out of it or––” No I, I had, I had, I did have some back issues when I was in high school. I had a infection in my lower lumbar vertebrae. But, they took x-rays and they said that’s all cleared up. You know, you’re not, you’re good to go. So, I said okay fine. I, you know, of course you’re a little hesitant about it but uh–– Interviewer: “And did you know anything about Vietnam before you went in?” Yeah we just thought–– we knew what we heard on the news and I didn’t study it, you know? We knew what we saw on TV and some of the fighting going on over there and some of the reasons we were there, you know? The reasons we were building up over there. (5:40). �Interviewer: “And what were those reasons at that point?” Well, it was just they think, I think they thought they would go in there and just take over. Clear ‘em out. But, it was a lot stronger force, you know, the NVA, the North Vietnamese Army, the Vietcong, and the, the influx of the Chinese weapons from China––from the communist China into Vietnam. You know, artillery, infa- artillery––smaller arms––and all that type of thing. So it was, it was interesting because, you know, there was no, when we got on the bus and we went down to Detroit, there was no dissension among the guys. You know they were all saying we got to go and do our best and hopefully we’ll get home, you know, in, in one piece. Interviewer: “Did you see yourself as going off to fight communism or just to because Uncle Sam was sending you?” Yeah in a way we did. We, we saw that communism was taking over in that part of the world and if we could nip that in the bud and help them, you know, that would be, that would be great. Interviewer: “Okay, so we’ve got you on the bus heading on down. Where are you going? I guess you got to Fort–– that was on the way to Fort Wayne.” Yeah well that’s when we, when we, where we took our oath. And that’s, that was an interesting, the way they did that. Have you heard of how they did that? Interviewer: “Go ahead.” They, they lined us up. We had to be in a straight line and then we took our oath, raised our hand, and took our oath as a service man for the, for the army. And then they said, after we had our oath, they said lower your hands, take one step forward. So, as a line we all took one step forward and then we were then in the military. We were then in the army. So–– Interviewer: “And now that you’re in, what did they do with you?” (7:43). Well, now that we were in, that evening they loaded us on a train, and in Detroit, and again the train itself was sleeper cars because we had to spend the night and it was pretty dilapidated as well. And it was noisy, and they gave us, I think, the last couple cars on the train–– the overnight cars. So we slept, or tried to sleep on the, on the train going down to Lexington, Kentucky, where our destination was for, eventually to go to Fort Knox. So the morning we got up, they said everybody shave and get ready to, get ready to get off the train and in Fort Knox. Oh, we did stop in Cincinnati. They brought some food on board and we stopped at the big train station in, in downtown Cincinnati. And it’s a big round building, I don’t know if it’s still–– I think it’s still there–– but I don’t think it’s a train station anymore. But it was interesting, the tracks were not in �good shape and the bathroom we had was kind of like a single stall. It had a metal floor in the bathroom, so you fill the sink–– when you’re going on a straightaway down the tracks–– you fill the sink with soapy water so you could get washed down a little bit and as soon as the train hit a curve all that water splashed out of the sink, onto that metal floor, and it was like an ice skating rink in there. And they were, guys were laughing and falling all over the place, and you know nobody got hurt but it was, it was kind of hilarious really. I mean it was you know, unbelievable. So then we, they offloaded us the next day in Fort Knox–– or in Louisville. (9:48). Interviewer: “Yeah, Louisville.” So then we got on buses again and they took us from there to Fort Knox. Interviewer: “Okay, was it Louisville or Lexington?” Lexington, sorry. Yeah, Lexington. Yeah it was Lexington. Interviewer: “Yeah okay, the bus was bussed to Fort Knox and what kind of reception do you get at Fort Knox?” Well, I can’t really remember. I remember we were getting off, we had to line up and there were a few gawkers there looking at us, you know? Laughing at us. You know, “here comes another group.” You know, that kind of a thing. But they were having such a build up at Fort Knox at that time the first thing they told us, they said, “you probably won’t be staying here long.” They said “Well where are we gonna go? This is where they have basic training.” “No, they got other plans for some of you.” So, we went, had something to eat. Then, they issued us our clothing. We had the long lines to issue us our clothing including our underwear and our fatigues, and all of our boots. Two pairs of black leather boots and the whole works. And then, we went and slept in a barracks for one night and then the next morning they took us out and they lined us up again, in three lines. And these were a lot of my friends–– we were still as a group–– a lot of my friends from Bay City, kids I went to school with, kids I knew, guys I knew, were with us. You know, I was thinking “Oh this is going to be pretty cool, we’re going to be going through basic training together” and all that kind of thing. Well, the army had other plans. And I kind of think they maybe did it on purpose a little bit. So, anyway, they lined us up and they, they count off “One, two, three.” So we start on the front line “One two three, one two three, one two three, one two three.” Second line the same thing, third line same thing. So, we were essentially breaking us down into–– with–– to thirds. So they said, “number one is staying here at Fort Knox for basic training, number two is going to Fort Carson in Colorado for basic training, which was a pretty nice place to go. And number three was going to Fort Hood, Texas for basic training. Well, I was number three. So you know, I had a couple friends that went with me down to Fort Hood, but I think we spent a day or two in or Fort Knox. Just getting indoctrinated and told what was going �to happen and what we were going to be doing. And then they took us to the airport, excuse me, and they flew us to Dallas. Texas. And from there, we took buses down to Fort Hood. So, again, it’s all kind of a blur right now. (13:08). . Interviewer: “Right” It’s been a few years ago. Interviewer: “Okay, and so where in Texas is Fort Hood?” Killeen. The city is Killeen. It’s not too far from Waco. Kind of–– Interviewer: “It was west Texas?” Southern central of the you know, south of Dallas, central Texas. Right off of one of the main highways so Fort Hood at that time was the headquarters of the First Armored Division, the First A.D. And so, they brought us in, we went into our barracks, we unpacked, they gave us foot lockers and bunks, and the first thing they did was, told us, showing us how to make our bed and they would be inspecting that bed every morning to make sure it was done right, and the blankets were tight enough that you could bounce a quarter on. You know, and all that stuff. So we had, one thing I remember I was smoking cigarettes at that point, and one thing I remember is the butt cans. What we had on the posts in the barracks filled, half-filled with water, that’s where you threw your cigarettes in when you were done smoking them, so. But, yeah I never thought about cigarette smoke at that point in time, everybody smoked. Interviewer: “Yeah, it was a little bit before the surgeon general’s report came out on that.” That was an interesting time. We––they would–– we were issued M14 rifles, the old M14s that had been around forever. We were instructed on how to take them apart and clean them and we were, we were timed. Once when they were apart we were timed on how quickly we could get them back together again and if you didn’t do it in a certain time, you did it until you, you got a certain time done. Interviewer: “Now did you have any experience with guns before you got there?” Yeah I–– my, my–– our family was, were hunters and my brother would take my deer hunting and that type of thing so I was, I was familiar with rifles. I would go pheasant hunting so I was familiar with shotguns, you know, but not to the degree that we did there. And you had a choice: you could, you could qualify with the rifle, the M14, or you could qualify with a .45 pistol, the 1911 pistol. So, we were issued pistols in case we wanted to qualify with that but these pistols–– �you know, I didn’t know anything about pistols–– but I could tell these pistols were well used and a lot of of the guys, me included, you could, you could stand five meters, 15 feet from a target and never hit it with these .45s. So we thought “no I don’t think we want to, want to qualify with a .45. So, later on when I became a medic, the medics could carry the .45 if they wanted to, but I carried the M16 so, but anyway. (16:53). Interviewer: “All right. Now one of the standard things about basic training is the assumption that you get yelled at and treated rather badly. Did that happen with you?” Oh yeah, very much so, very much so. They would–– we had one guy that was, unfortunate for him, I think they let him go after. But he was a bedwetter and they went, they got on him big time, you know? And it wasn’t his fault I think it was a medical–– it was a medical condition, you know. “How did you get this far?” and all this stuff, you know. They, they railed on him big time and all of a sudden he was gone. I think they–– they took him–– they took him out of the service. But–– Interviewer: “Did they get physically abusive or just yell at you and make you do weird jobs?” Well they would–– the only physical abuse we got was if they didn’t like what you were doing, you had to drop and give them 10 or 20 push-ups. You know, that was the physical abuse. There was no, there was no hitting, there was no. None of that stuff but it was intimidating enough and you know, if it was–– the infraction–– was serious enough rules wise, you know, you had to do 50 push-ups, you know, so. We––PT–– physical training on the field was, was interesting. We had a, a PT instructor that stood on a platform and we all lined up out there and we did PT every day. At, at Fort Hood, it was out in kind of the boonies a little bit. And there was an artillery battery there as well, and we would–– we would go out in the field and two fields over they would be shooting live artillery, you know. So that was–– that was interesting, you know. Big howitzers were firing and so we went out on many bivouacs overnight and the last bivouac–– I think basic training was eight weeks, I believe. (19:06). Interviewer: “Yeah, that was standard at that point.” Yeah, eight weeks. Well the first few weeks we–– they–– of course they cut your hair off, you know, which is not a big deal. And you had to get used too, in the barracks, there were no part–– stall–– partitions. You had to get used to sitting, you know, with everybody around you. You know, and the same thing with the showers, were wide open. So, you got used to that but the––I lost my train of thought. Anyway, we, we would go out on, on these bivouacs, you know. We would march out and the final bivouac was, I think it was a five mile march out with packs and rifles. Marching and running part of the time and then you would spend the night, two �nights, or three nights in the field. You would do more–– you would do more things in the field. More training and then you would come back. The night bef–– I was having some tooth problems. I had a molar that was bad, so the night before we went on this big march, they got me into the dentist and that’s an interesting experience too, for military dentists. They got me into the dentist chair and I had to have the tooth extracted, the molar. And apparently I had an unusual tooth that had two straight roots and one that was on a, on a curve. You know, so they numb me up as best they could and they got in there–– and with pliers–– and they started pulling and it went snap. It snapped. One of the roots broke off. And the dentist said “uh-oh” and I was, I was gone. I never fainted in my life but I was gone. So next thing I know they’re smelling salts under my nose and I’m, I’m waking up and they say “well we got the––we got the–– root out, you know, while you were sleeping. I say “Okay, that’s good” and they sewed me up and then they said ``Well you can’t, you can’t march tomorrow.” So I was lucky, I was–– I was taken out by, by truck to where the other guys were and of course they gave me a hard time. And then that night we had–– they just had issued us brand new beautiful olive drab colored sleeping bags, down filled, first class stuff all the way–– and I woke up that next morning and that whole top of that sleeping bag was blood. The tooth had–– the tooth had things. There’s a–– I just flip it over and do it the other–– go, go from the other side. So anyway, I cleaned it up as best I could but we did go home. Was in basic training for, I guess, maybe six weeks. Christmas came. And our hair was starting to grow out, they said “you’re gonna, you could go home on leave for, for a week and Christmas.” Our hair was starting to grow out, we thought “oh this would be good” you know? So, the night before we were to go on leave the Sergeant said “got a surprise for you guys, we’re taking you all to the barber tomorrow.” So that morning we had to get shaved again. Our whole head got shaved again. So, so needless to say, I wore a hat for two weeks when I was home on leave for Christmas. But then we had to go back to Fort Hood. And then finish our, finish our basic training, you know, in Fort Hood, so. (23:16). Interviewer: “Okay, so then once you get to the end of that, then what happens to you? Okay, well–– yeah, you, you–– during all this period there is an aptitude test that they, they gave you a couple times and they scored you a certain, a certain aptitude. And I guess I scored maybe a high enough aptitude that I qualified to be a medic. Medical training. Some were qualified for the mechanics, some were qualified for just straight leg infantry, you know, and that type of thing. So I think I was chosen, or not chosen, but I was told I could go on AIT, advanced individual training, down to Fort Sam, Houston and San Antonio. So, as a, to be a medical corpsman down in San Antonio. Interviewer: “Did you have the option to say no and just be in the infantry?” No. No, I thought this was a good deal. You know, in fact, my brother was older than I was with 10 years, and he was in the army, and he went to Korea but the war wasn’t on–– �Interviewer: “Right.” ––in the late 50s. He was in Korea and they made him a medic as well. So, he was, he was a medic as well in Korea for a year and my sister, again she’s older than I am but she’s an RN. She was never in the military but she was a registered nurse so it was kind of, you know, unusual that all of us in the family–– all the siblings in the family–– would become, would be going in the, in the medical area. So Fort Sam was, was a great place. It was ten weeks of training, we had an upscale barracks that we, we stayed in and they even had a swimming pool there you could go to. We didn’t go to there right away but it was interesting because the, the, the WAVES the women air, the woman air force or the women, whatever it was, the women army, whatever–– Interviewer: “Yeah.” ––Army corps, they had their basic training at Fort Sam and we would be, you know, we would be marching out there or doing, going to our classes and stuff like that and there would be, you know, these women marching by. They would be going through their routines and all that stuff and it was, you know, we, we of course gave them a hard time from the sidelines but, you know, so it was pretty intense training down there at, at Fort Sam and we even went to a point where we had movies of, you know, taking care of patients and stuff like that and we had a, a movie on baby delivery–– delivering a baby. It was probably, you know, a half an hour film on delivering a baby. What to look for and what not to look for, so. Little did I know that would come and–– come and help later on. But, anyway, we were there and after–– I think it was after five weeks of the ten weeks–– we could then go out to the surrounding area and leave the compound. Leave the base. It was an open base, it was a beautiful Fort and they had a polo field in the middle and at one end was the Brooke Army Hospital, which was the burn center for the military. That wasn’t very pleasant to visit there, but I can–– you can–– you never get that smell out of your nostrils when you went into that hospital. And we had to go in there and look at some of the burn patients and like I said, you never get that, that odor out of your nostrils. I can almost still smell it today, you know, of those poor guys that–– but it was good training that was–– (27:34). Interviewer: “How much of it was geared towards specifically combat stuff?” Well, a lot of it was–– not, not very much–– emergency stuff, you know, but most of it was geared to hospital care, you know, taking care of patients in the bed. You know, how do you change when they have a patient in the bed, you know, how do you put a catheter in? You know, how do you, how do you do, how do you take blood, how do you give shots, you know, and that kind of stuff. That was the majority of the training was and there was a lot of lectures and a lot of testing. You know, they would give you a lecture and then two days later, you would better take notes because there would be a test, you know? In fact, I still have those documents. I got them �out yesterday and I was looking at them, I think “did I write all this stuff?” Unbelievable. So, yeah it was good. It was good training. We knew we were–– a bunch of us knew we were going back to Fort Hood after the medical training and had a nice graduation ceremony down there. We all got our certificates and, but again, like you say, it was geared towards hospital training, not necessarily emergency training that we, that we went too, so. Interviewer: “Okay, so then after the ten weeks, so you go back then to Fort Hood––” Fort Hood. (29:16). Interviewer: “–– and do you get assigned to a unit at that point?” Yep. We went to the first of the 46th Infantry. It was a mechanized, it was a mechanized Infantry Division. Interviewer: “That would’ve been a battalion.” Or a battalion, yeah, yeah. Interviewer: “Because you’re a part of the First Armored Division at that point.” Yes and then–– I wasn’t there very long and we were changed to the 198th Infantry Brigade. So they told us, you know, any, any training we did then after, after AIT at Fort Hood. We were in these APCs, the All Armored Personnel Carriers, they took us out and we’d chase cows more than anything else out there in the fields, you know, we had a good time with that, so. But, anyway, yeah that was–– then they said “no you’re going to be–– you’re going to be straight leg infantry and you’re going to Vietnam.” This was in probably May or June of 1966 they said. Everyone wanted to know “when, when, when are we going.” Interviewer: “We’re in ‘67 now.” ‘67 yeah. “When are we going” and they said “well probably in the fall you’ll be deployed to, to, to Vietnam.” So, okay, so we did training and the bunch of us medics, there in the aid station, we had to give vaccinations and shots and they used the gun, the air–– air supplied gun, you know for figuring the shots, there were no needles. First time I got in line to do that, the medics were inside the aid station. They had an open window and on, on the window they had boxes of empty insulin, you know, containers and they would sit there in the aid station and they’d shoot these, these injection guns and they’d shoot these boxes off the sill in the aid station, and of course everybody turned white, you know, and you had to be sure–– we, we, we were instructed and told and trained how to do that–– you had to be sure, you had, they kept their shoulder still, you �know it was all shoulder no rear-end stuff. And a couple guys didn’t, they went like that, and it ripped them open and they had to get sewn up, you know. It was that, you know, that pressure that, that air pressure was strong enough that it ripped them right open. So, so we did that then we said “well––” they said “some of you medics we’d like you to, to get further emergency training.” We said, “Yeah, that’s probably a good idea.” You know, so they had Darnall Army Hospital on, on the base at Fort Hood, and so they said “we’ll, we’ll get you in the rotation and you’ll go into the emergency room at Darnall five days a week, twelve hour shifts.” Mostly the graveyard shifts, six a.m. till six p.m. or six p.m.–– Interviewer: “P.m. to a.m.” –– six p.m. to six a.m., overnight, and that was, that was very, very enlightening and we learned a lot. (32:55). Interviewer: “Now was it–– did they have a lot of business?” Yes they did and they–– was mostly guys were being foolish, of course, they were. One guy, I remember, once came in, he was driving his motorcycle, got on [33:11] asphalted road. He flipped his motorcycle on a freshly asphalted road and rolled into that asphalt and he, he had that stuff–– he was screaming–– he had that stuff embedded in his skin. He was in shorts and his legs and all that and the doctor came in, looked at me, says “clean him up.” I said “what,” he said “clean him up, scrub him up, get him ready to go, get him ready to go to surgery.” I said, I said “well okay” so I started to try to scrub this guy, you know, his arms and stuff and he was screaming so loud. They finally, they finally came in and they had to put him out to get this embedded asphalt out of his, out of his skin. So that was–– there was also one night–– there were also dependents on the base, wives and kids of these people that were assigned to Fort Hood–– and one night this, they brought this little boy in, the guy brought him in his arms, and he was blue, you know. I said, you know, “what happened?” Well he had, was blowing up a balloon and the balloon burst and part of it went down his throat. So, you know, we were able to get his mouth open and we just saw a piece of his, of the balloon in his, in his throat–– Interviewer: “Right.” –– and we reached in and pulled that out and it was–– it was amazing that as soon as we got that out his color came back, you know, he started crying, but it, but it was interesting. Then, another time they were doing parachute jumps and we always had to go out–– they took the, the, the ambulance from the hospital always went out to the field where they were landing and so we went out with them, working in the–– in fact that morning, I think was early morning jumps so we, we went out at 6 o’clock in the morning and one of the guys, unfortunately, his chute didn’t deploy until about–– they said about 20 feet off the ground–– so he landed on his feet but he was �dead. You know, so, we had to pick him up and take him back and that was, that was horrific, that was really bad. So, you know, and–– and then they made us watch autopsies. We had one in particular was a, was a woman they brought in and she was mustard yellow–– young woman had cirrhosis of the liver, she died and when they opened her up all her internal organs were the color of French’s Mustard, you know, so. A couple guys got a little woozy, you know, in there watching this, watching when they went through the process but again it was–– it was good experience, you know, looking back on it. It was good experience for what we were going to get into–– in a, in a few months, so. (36:46). Interviewer: “Alright, and so how long then did you spend at Fort Hood once you were there as a medic?” I was–– well at Fort Hood I was there after AIT, which was probably in May of ‘67 until, till, October of ‘68. Interviewer: “Alright, well ‘67 still.” Still ‘67 yeah, sorry. Interviewer: “Okay, alright––” Through the summer. Through the hot summer in Texas. Interviewer: “And at this point now do you get orders for Vietnam?” (37:21). Yeah, at that point in time they said we’re going to–– you know, normally people were getting orders to Vietnam as individuals. They said “we’re going to take you over as a unit, as the 1st of the 46th Infantry, 198th Infantry Brigade, as a unit” and we said “well how does that work?” So, they said “well we’re working out the details right now, go home for a couple weeks.” So we went back home, this was probably in August of ‘67. We went home and then came back to the Fort Hood and they had made up their mind what they were going to do at that point. Interviewer: “Now, what was it like to be back home there? You know you’re going to go to Vietnam. It’s now the summer of ‘67 and things have heated up some more, I mean.” Yeah. We were–– we spent a lot of time watching, watching the news. And then the protests, were already starting at that point, you know, and in fact we had to wear–– in order to get a military discount on the, on the airlines, we had to wear our uniforms, so we were a little bit hesitant at that point in time, September of ‘67, or August, of wearing our uniforms to the airport. You know, thinking that we may have, we may have problems. But, it really wasn’t an �issue. There was only one time, going down to Texas, coming back from Michigan from Bay City. I think we landed in Kansas city and we were kind of like the last ones to board, where they had open seats. So they actually took a couple of us military off the airplane in Kansas City to fill it with a paid passenger. We were a bit upset about that and one of the–– I met, even a man, remember one of the guys from American Airlines gave me his card. He felt so guilty, so bad, he gave me his card. He said “you ever have trouble, you know, in another flight, you give them this card and I guarantee you won’t have any, anymore problems.” So we were concerned that we were going to be–– we’re going to miss our bus, you know, to Fort Hood and we were going to be late, you know. We didn’t want to be late. So, and it, it worked out well. We got, we got, we got back, yeah. It was hard to say goodbye to your parents and, and my girlfriend at that point. So, yeah it was–– it was difficult. It was difficult. (40:15). Interviewer: “Okay. So, but then they figured out how to get you to Vietnam and what method did they use?” Okay, they–– they said “this is going to be a little unusual, we’re going to take you as a brigade. We have two merchant marine ships lined up in Oakland, California and we’re going to ship you over the Pacific by merchant marine ship and it’s going to take about three weeks, we’re going to cross the Pacific for three weeks.” Yep, and of the guys raised their hand, his hand right away he says “does that count as our time overseas?” You know, he was concerned about the 12 month–– the 12 month stay overseas. They said “Oh yeah. As soon as you clear the international day or the international border outside in the Pacific, your time starts, your overseas time starts.” So they–– they loaded us, and we had to get all packed up. We had our big duffel bags and we had our M16s at that point. We had qualified for using our M16s and they packed us up and they took us to the airport, commercial flights, and I think we filled that airplane. And they took us into Oakland Airport in California and Oakland Airport at that point in time, in 1967, was, was kind of like it wasn’t a real busy airport. It wasn’t well known, but they unloaded us off the, off the plane onto the tarmac. We had to wait under the plane to get our duffel bag–– the big, long duffel bag–– and then we had our rifles and they lined us up and they marched us through the terminal. I bet–– I think that everybody thought they were being invaded, you know, the looks that we got of the, at the airport were interesting. Again, they loaded us onto buses sitting in front of the airport and we took a short trip to the harbor in Oakland where they loaded us on two ships and we had–– they already had us, you know, names and, and they checked us off as we, as we boarded the ship and then I think we spent one night on the ship and then they–– we–– shoved off and they had a band playing and, and all that stuff. It was kind of, it was kind of interesting. It was kind of nice, you know, so. It was exciting to go underneath the Golden Gate Bridge, you know, but the sleeping accommodations and the ship was–– like I said it was a merchant marine cruise ship is actually what it was. It was a converted cruise ship. It was called the Upshur, u-p-sh-u-r, the Upshur. USS or the U.S Upshur. So, anyway they had it fitted out for a troop carrier and we were down in the lower, in the lower bilges of the ship and they had us stacked four high �and you had barely enough room to–– I was a lot smaller than I am right now. You know I was probably only 120/130 pounds at that point–– and you had barely enough room to roll over before you bumped into the guy, you know, above you. So, and we had to sleep with our rifles. They didn’t have a safe place to store them. There was no ammunition but you had to sleep in the bunk with your rifle. You know, so we spent three weeks in bed with our rifle so–– (44:23). Interviewer: “It’s a good thing you were small.” Yeah. Yeah. That’s right. That’s right and that was, that was–– it was warm down there and a lot of the guys ended up going up on deck to sleep, you know. It was stuffy, smelly, you know, it was all the above. Interviewer: “Okay, now a lot of people–– I’ve talked to a lot of people who shipped out of San Francisco and one of the things that comes into a lot of the stories is once you kind of, you know, get out to sea, you start to hit swells coming in and the sea starts to roll and everybody gets sick.” Oh yeah. Interviewer: “Did that happen with your guys?” Well, we were–– we were in the infantry battalion and we were the medics. We had a doctor that was that–– doctor… I can’t remember his name now. He was with us. So we set up for sick call every morning. There were 1100, 1100 of us on the ship and we set up for sick call every morning on the ship and we logged in 700 cases of seasickness. What was very–– I mean, the ship–– when we first started out the ship would roll side to side. Port to stern, port to–– Interviewer: “Starboard.” Starboard. Port to starboard, which was–– you know, everybody kind of got used to that. And as the fuel was used up on the ship they told us “it’s now going to be started. It’s now gonna start going bow to stern.” So we had–– once it started going bow to stern–– we had everybody get sick again. You know, the same, the same thing. There were–– on that ship what do you do? You had PT, you know, physical training. You ever try to do a push-up on a ship that’s going up and down? That’s an interesting exercise, and they did give us the, the order of the golden dragon when we crossed the International Date Line. They took–– they had cranes on board and they took a couple guys and strapped them in the cranes and they dipped them in the ocean, you know. That was their initiation to crossing the International Date Line. So, but we played cards, you know, and then in the morning–– I never got, never got seasick, woozy, but never got seasick. Except one morning when we had these tables that had little ridges on them and we had �metal trays and the trays would slide back and forth. And you were eating breakfast and there was a guy scraping trays and there was a port–– there was a hole there in the, in the counter and that would go right out, right out of the ship. Well, he would scrape two trays and then he’d throw up into that hole. He would scrape two trays and then throw up into that hole and that kind of got to me. I finally had to turn around and not watch him, you know, but so we, we stopped and we called it. It was–– the ship was called the USS Upshur–– like I said it was a, it was a cruise ship that they used to run cruises from Miami to Cuba so the interior of the ship, the upper decks, were quite, quite nice. You know, they were–– they were very, very nice, and that’s where the officers stayed, of course, in those bunks and the officers. About halfway over, three quarters of the way over, before we got to Taipei or to Taiwan where we stopped, we ran out of fresh water for showers. Oh man, I don’t know if anybody’s ever taken a shower in salt water, but the soap turns to grease, is what it does. The salt water turns the soap to grease. So you went into the shower and you came out feeling dirtier than when you went in. As a medic, we were very lucky the–– we were complaining to the doctor that was on the ship as an officer–– he says “I’ll sneak you up to the officer’s quarters.” So he snuck us up one at a time and we were able to use their showers which was–– they still had fresh water. So, that was one of the perks I guess of being a medic on that, on that ship. But, we stopped in Taipei and they refueled and then we went from Taipei–– it wasn’t very long after that to Vietnam. You know, so. (49:23). Interviewer: “Okay, and how do you go ashore in Vietnam and where do you land?” Okay, they took us–– they took us off the ship–– I can’t remember, I think it was Da Nang. No it wasn’t, it was Vũng Tàu which was South, quite a way South. And we had to climb down the rope ladders on the outside of the ship and you threw your gear–– they brought our gear to us, you know, they, they’d taken that out of the ship. But they loaded us onto an LST, which is a big, hollow, you know, ship. What is it? Something, whatever tank. A tank–– (50:07). Interviewer: “Landing Ship Tank is the––” Landing Ship Tank, right. The big, big room that was about a hundred, hundred–– seems like it was 100 yards long by, you know, 50 yards wide by ten yards high. And as we were going onto that LST they issued everybody live ammo for the first time, for the M16s. I’m thinking “they’re gonna put all of us in this can and they’re gonna give us some of–– give all of us live ammo. What’s going to happen if somebody lets loose some shells or, you know, fires some shells in this–– in that LST.” But thankfully nothing–– nothing happened. It was hot–– it was early–– late–– September, early October–– in Vietnam. It was still very warm. So we ended up, in the LST, we didn’t sleep inside. We ended up going up on deck and sleeping up on deck, you know. It was hard but it was, it was–– at least it was cooler, cooler so. Interviewer: “So you’re going North along the Vietnamese coast––” �Yes. Interviewer: “–– and how long did that trip take, do you think?” That took–– I think we were on the ship a couple days. It took us, it took us a while to get up there. You know, we had two days and two nights on the ship eating sea rations. They didn’t have, you know, hot meals on board. You know, so we got our first–– we had some sea rations, dehydrated food and stuff when we were in basic training and, and that so. But yeah, it was–– there are no showers, you know. Some bathrooms, but no showers. And so they unloaded us as a unit in Da Nang. We came off the LST, they actually rolled it kind of up on shore like they do the tanks. The doors down and we walked, we walked out as a unit, flags waving and all that stuff, so whatever, you know. Interviewer: “Alright, now were there media there taking pictures?” I think so because I–– there were some pictures that I got from the paper, the newspaper, showing the guys coming ashore, so. Interviewer: “So we’ve now successfully gotten you as far as Da Nang in Vietnam.” Yep. Interviewer: “And at this point what is your initial impression of Vietnam?” We were coming up the coast, it was a very beautiful country. It was green, you know, we could see the Central Highlands at one point, in the background. You know, the mountains and it was a, it was a beautiful country. You know, we couldn’t–– we didn’t see, of course, the interior of the country at that point. The rice paddies and all that stuff, but it was very green and, and a lot of military activity going on as we were coming up the coast. I mean a lot of flights, a lot of airplanes, a lot of helicopters, you know. Didn’t hear much shooting at that point in time but, you know, we came, you know it was–– kind of an interesting tour to begin with, I guess I should say. So yeah. (53:23). Interviewer: “Okay, and then you land at Da Nang and then what happens from there?” Okay, in Da Nang we were offloaded off the LSTs and then they took us on–– I think they weren’t, we didn’t have buses–– I think, we–– they put us in the big trucks. The deuce and a halves with the, with the canvas covers and we were loaded in there with our gear and we went to Chu Lai, which kind of like, was like a holding area. [Chu Lai was a major base south of Da �Nang] Maybe something near the airport there at Chu Lai and we spent a couple nights there. I don’t think they quite knew what they were going to do with all of us and they were still building. There were two hills there. They said “some of you are going to be on Hill 54, some of you are going to be on Hill 69.” Okay, so what does that mean? Well it means that the highest part of that hill was 54 meters high or 69 meters high–– Interviewer: “Right.” –– you know, so. That was fine, so we ended up–– I think they were, the engineers were still building that, that base on Hill 69. Putting the huts up, you know, and doing all that stuff. So we were probably one of the first ones into Hill 69. We had a perimeter, it was a fenced perimeter. We had a–– we had a manned gate, you know, an armored gate–– a guy at the gate. And it was interesting because as you were coming into the, to the hill, there was a little village there, and kind of had been set up there to help the GIs with laundry and you know, all that kind of stuff, so. Which was–– which was fine. You know, we were right off of, I think it was Route One, Highway One in Vietnam and lots, lots of traffic, you know, lots of military. A couple of the guys–– they shouldn’t have done it but they did anyway–– we’d be going–– they’d be going down in a Jeep down Highway One and the Vietnamese had these little three wheeled carts, you know, and they’d come up next to you and they’d push ‘em, you know. And the carts would almost tip over and they’d laugh, you know. They were–– they were just being a typical, typical teenager at that point in time, so. Interviewer: “Now, before you went to Vietnam did you get any kind of information or indoctrination about the place or the people or how to behave?” (56:11). Yeah we had–– we had all those lectures and all those briefings when we were at Fort Hood before we–– before we left. And you know, they–– they told us–– I think they had some ex people that were–– had been there come in and talk to us and told us, you know, what to expect. You know, they didn’t know where we were going to be or what we were gonna do at that point in time. But, if you were going to do this, this is what you–– you’re going to expect. You know, expect that if you’re infantry you’re going to be out in the field. You know, they indicated like 100 percent of the time, you know, which guys were really concerned about that, but, yeah. They gave us, you know, politically what was happening over there, who was in charge politically, and what the communists were–– were planning to do–– that we knew, or tried to know what they were trying to do, and who the leaders were and not that we were in that area, but–– but, you know, it’s–– it was–– they were pretty good about giving us, indoctrinating us, as to what was going on over there, so. Interviewer: “Okay. And did they tell you things about how to treat the civilians or anything like that?” �Oh yeah. Yeah, they–– of course they did. I mean you have a–– you have a military code of conduct, and that’s applies to all servicemen, you know, that to have respect for the people and the civilians and respect for your own servicemen, you know, and–– and that–– and that code of conduct, they kept drilling that into us, you know, and I think it stuck, you know. In fact, it still sticks today, you know, they drilled us–– they drilled that into us, you know, that–– that thoroughly, so. Interviewer: “Okay. Now, you’ve gotten as far as as Chu Lai and that’s a place near the coast, that’s been described to me–– it’s got a very sandy and flat––” Yeah it was sandy and flat. They had a very large–– there was a air force–– there was an air force base there and we had–– there was a very large PX there which had everything in it. It was very, very nice. It’s very, very large. In fact when I was there at Chu Lai at the PX, I bought a movie camera. A Super 8 movie camera and the guys “what are you going to do with that?” I said “I’m going to take some pictures when I can.” You know, so it ended up–– the movie camera I bought, the Kodak Super 8, fit perfectly in an ammo pouch, you know, on my–– on my waist. So I got an extra ammo pouch and I tried to take that, that movie camera, whenever I could, out in the field. I didn’t take it so much during the monsoon season, but yeah, the area was, was, was very nice. I mean, you had the beach, you know, you could go swimming on the sandy beach and the waves were very tough. We did a lot of–– tried to do a lot of body surfing at that point in time. We didn’t have surfboards, we had–– we tried to do body surfing in the salt water, but yeah, it was a, a–– Chu Lai was, was, was quite nice. And you had the backdrop was the Central Highlands behind it, so. (59:52). Interviewer: “Okay. I guess I might have been told like at least in the summer or whatever, it got very hot though, didn’t know, the sand got very hot.” Yeah. Interviewer: “But you’re there because you’re coming in, at least towards the end of–– toward the end of the year, at this point––” Right. Interviewer: “–– so you’re based on, on Hill 69 at this point.” Yep. �Interviewer: “Now are you assigned specifically to a company or are you with battalion headquarters or––” Yeah I was in headquarters. Headquarters company because I was a medic and we had the–– we had the aid station. We had the aid station there so I was in headquarters companies. (1:00:24). Interviewer: “Okay. Now, did you stay in the aid station or would you go out within–– No. Interviewer: “–– the field with, with the line units?” I was with Company E when I went out in the field. That was my assignment and Company E was a mortar battalion and we–– we usually, because the guys carried these 81 millimeter mortars, very heavy. They had one guy carried the base, one guy carried the tube, and a bunch of guys carried the ammo. We were usually the last ones to go into the LZs, so all the other companies went in first–– into an LZ, on a helicopter and, and then they brought the mortar platoon which is us in there, so. We had lot of training with mortars there off of Hill 69–– they had an area where it was uninhabited. We would train for the mortars to go off and the guys used to like–– I used to go up and watch them and they’d always like the medic to, to drop the 81 millimeter mortar in the tube and I think that’s probably that and the LAWS, the Light Anti-Tank Weapon, like a, a small bazooka. I think that’s where I lost my hearing. I’ve, I have two hearing aids, you know, but that’s where I started to lose my, my hearing–– for, for those exercises. Because we never–– you never wore headphones, you never–– you never put earplugs in. I mean we had them, but nobody used them, you know, so, but–– Interviewer: “Okay. Now on Hill 69 did you have–– did you–– were you in tents, were you in kind of cabin things?” Yeah we were in–– yeah in–– on Hill 69 they had an assortment. They had officer’s quarters which were corrugated metal, you know, and wood framed buildings and then we had a church there, down in the gully. And that was again plywood and corrugated metal. And the huts that we stayed in–– the aid station was corrugated roof and wood sides. The huts that we stayed in had screens on the sides. I think they had a metal roof and then a wooden floor, you know, that we stayed in. The huts that we stayed in–– with the bunks that we stayed in, they all had mosquito netting, you know, in the–– so to keep the mosquitoes at bay, so. And then just down from us on the–– at the aid station, up on top of the hill there was the mess hall and the cooks–– the cook’s barracks there, and then we had bunks all over–– all around–– Hill 69, where they–– where guys would go for guard duty. You know, barbed wire and then bunkers, barbed wire, bunkers all the way–– all the way around. �Interviewer: “Sorry, now was this a battalion sized base or company sized or––” (1:03:46). I think it was company sized base. It wasn’t the whole battalion. Interviewer: “So a lot of the time battalion–– the companies would be out in the field. They would maybe rotate in and out.” Yeah. Yep. Interviewer: “Okay. But you went out in the field with companies at different times, yourself?” Yes. Interviewer: “Okay. Can you describe your first time going out in the field?” Yeah, we–– the first time they took us out we walked from Hill 69–– would be probably going West towards the Central Highlands–– and they purposely took us, you know, into some very wet areas. Rice paddy areas we had to go through and all that, and that was, you know, that was a very enlightening experience as to what you were going to be going through. And then, before that, as a medic we had to make sure everybody in our, in our company or whatever, they had malaria pills and there was a–– malaria was, was very prevalent over there. And so we had to make sure that they had, had malaria pills. And the first thing you learn over there is: once you go through a rice paddy your boots and your shoes and your socks are wet, you know. What do you do with that? You slog through the day and then you better have a second pair of socks at night. So, you try to rinse ‘em out with water and then the only way to dry them, you know, we– – you stuff ‘em inside your shirt where it’s warm and you sleep and hopefully the next morning your socks are fairly dry but they’re drier than the ones that you, that you took off, so. So, but–– (1:05:43). Interviewer: “Now, when you went through those places would you get leeches too or was that somewhere else?” Yes, very much so. Not–– not so much in the lowlands, the leeches. We had a lot of guys–– a lot of guys were scared to death of leeches, you know, and–– but the lowlands was mostly the rice paddies and you tried to go up on the berms, you know, for the rice paddies and walk along and you go through villages and of course the–– the kids would come up and come up to you and the words they knew was “give me gum.” That’s what they wanted, you know, or “give me candy, give me gum” you know, so. First couple times we didn’t run into any trouble, you know. Not–– �I wasn’t there too long and one night we heard some shooting off the hill, towards the Central Highlands, and my first experience to see illumination rounds overhead, you know. We launched illumination rounds from our hill, out, you know, phosphorus rounds, and it was amazing how, how much that lighted everything up, so. And at that point in time the starlight scopes was just coming into play. The–– a lot of the infantry guys–– they were very expensive at that point, somebody said they were like $4000 a piece for these starlight scopes. But you look through them at night and what it does, it magnifies the starlight or the, you know, the moonlight. And everything has a green cast to it–– a green–– so it’s quite, quite interesting to see, so. Interviewer: “Now, by way of weapon arena is your unit equipped with M16s at this point?” Yeah, we were–– we had M16s. I was equipped with an M16, I could have carried a .45 but I didn’t want to carry a .45, so. How many times I used the M16 to fire–– when we were in firefights? Not very often. I was kind of sitting back waiting if somebody got hurt, you know, so. A couple times I did, you know, you fire into the–– into the jungle–– you don’t know what you’re hitting, you know, but, so. It was–– then we had a–– the automatic machine guns. We had one guy–– was a machine gunner, and what I always was amazed at is these guys' walking point, you know. They were the head of the column, you know, walking point and they rotated, you know, not the same guy all the time but they, they rotated so yeah. They were–– it was something to watch those guys. How careful they were, you know, not only were they stepped, but looking and watching, you know. They had all those people behind them, they were–– they were point. They were–– they were the ones responsible. (1:08:48). Interviewer: “Okay. Now you had mentioned before that you’re assigned, at least initially, to the–– to the mortar company and they wouldn’t be up front but did–– would within each company though did you have your own point?” Yeah we had our own. We had our own rifle, we had our own machine gunner and we still walked in the column even though we weren’t, we weren’t the first ones to go through, go down, but we were–– we were there and we were usually in the back and the–– the point guy would give us a, give us a grid or whatever. You know, somebody would give us, give us a grid of where to shoot in. And then later on in the year, we got paired up with an F.O., forward observer, and his radio man–– out of the Hill 54, was the artillery hill. And I got to know those guys very well. In fact, we shared a tent when we were out in the field, three of us. So, they would call in artillery for us, so. Interviewer: “Alright. Okay. Now to kind of go back to the earliest, in the first few months of your tour–– before the Tet Offensive starts in early ‘68–– what were those first few months like?” �Well we were–– we were very apprehensive, you know, we didn’t know what to expect. You know, you thought as soon as you left the hill that you would be shot at, you would be, you know, you would be–– they had mortars too, you would be mortared or whatever. But it was very rare at the first couple months, off the hill, but then when we started–– maybe we were there a month after we’d done a couple, a couple walking patrols through villages and stuff like that. Search, searching and clearing the villages, making sure there were no weapons in there and, and all of that. People weren’t real happy with us coming into their huts, you know. And, you know, we did some–– they knew we were a medic, you know? They–– we did some civic action there as a medic to try to help some local people. You know, try to get on their side, try to show them that we’re here to help them, not to–– not to hurt them, as far as the villagers were concerned, but you never–– you never knew. They were concealed very well, the VC–– the Viet Cong were, were very well concealed and you were, you were very skeptical about any, any young man there. That was he a VC or was he just a, you know, was he just a regular villager, you know. You didn’t. You didn’t. Or a farmer. You didn’t know, so. Interviewer: “Alright, now you initially were walking out, but then you would start to go out and combat starts, you go out in helicopters.” (1:11:54). Right. Right. They–– once, I think once they figured we were used to what the thing was like out there, what the situation was like, they started bringing helicopters in and we had to go out on combat assaults. I think I counted 13 combat assaults that I went out on and most of the LZs, the landing zones, that we were into were hot LZs. That meaning they were shooting, there was some–– that’s the reason we were there, as we were going out to try to, try to, try to take care of that. And we would go in with the helicopters, with the hueys, and the door gunners will be firing the whole time until we got well off, well off the hueys into cover. So, then we would go–– usually landed in like a rice paddy or something like that, some place where they could get the helicopter in. Then you went into the jungle from, from there, so. Yeah. Interviewer: “All right, and now as the medic how–– how much of a pack did you carry?” I carried my, my–– it was probably about all my bandages and all the stuff I carried. It was probably a package of about, you know, maybe 16 inches long by 12 inches high by 12 inches wide, and pretty heavy. Plus you had your normal pack on your back, and it was the whole thing–– somebody said the whole thing weighed about 70 pounds. So you, with your rucksack and all your gear and your water bottles and your ammunition and the medic stuff. So they said “You can–– as a medic you can wear a red cross armband on your arm, if you want in the field.” And he said “No, that’s just a target,” and we figured that was just a target for, for the for the enemy. And, so I also carried–– as a medic I carried morphine and we had to, we were drilled in into our head that we had to guard that morphine, keep it on our bodies at all times because guys will be guys and they will try to get high, you know, with morphine. So that’s the other, the �other, the other area of Vietnam which is marijuana. Marijuana was very prevalent over there. You could go into a village and they would be sitting outside their huts and they would be selling marijuana. And you could buy a pound of marijuana for $16. And–– which the guys were pretty good about not smoking that when they were out on patrol or out in the field, but going back to base camp, you know, it was a different–– it was a different story. You walk around the base camp at night and you can smell it big time. What happened later on in the tour the–– the VC, the Viet Cong, started lacing the marijuana with heroin. And they wanted to get the guys addicted, and then they pretty much–– the army pretty much shut all that down. I mean if you smoked marijuana it was–– it was almost a crime, you know, it was a felony. So, yeah, so that was–– that was interesting stuff. Interviewer: “Did that policy have any effect?” It did. Yeah. It stopped–– it stopped probably 70 percent of it, you know, but there’s still guys that still wanted to–– wanted to do that. I tried it, you know, we all tried it, you know, and it didn’t–– it didn’t do anything for me. So I’d still rather have a can of beer, you know. (1:16:19). Interviewer: “All right. Now how long was it before you had any combat casualties to treat?” Initially, one of the–– probably within the first month we were on patrol and we were walking a single column along a hedgerow and the, the sergeant told us “Walk down the edge of the hedgerow, come around, and come back up the other side.” So the guys are looking at that, you know, some of the guys go, “We’re not going to walk that extra block down to the edge of the hedgerow, so let's cut through the hedgerow right here. That looks like there’s an opening.” And yeah, they had booby-trapped and–– or they had put booby-traps, explosive booby-traps, or they would put false ground with holes with, with punji sticks. I don’t know if you know what a punji stick is. It’s sharp and bamboo dipped in–– dipped in feces, you know, so that would cut through the, the combat boots over there. Were canvas on the sides, they had steel toe, steel bottoms, but they were canvas on the sides. But the punji sticks were designed to go into the upper ankle and lower leg, you know, and so that was–– once they got into that–– they weren’t necessarily–– we lost a couple that were blown up when they, they tried to cut across these, these hedgerows. And then you had to bring medevacs in, then you had to surround the area to make sure that the medevacs wouldn’t get shot at. But yeah, we had–– we had a few–– had a few guys like that. So, we lost–– I think as far as a battalion goes, we had 25 medics that went over there. Five of us came back unhurt. The other–– there was a few, there was a few killed over there killed in action and then there was, a lot of them were wounded. Some of them–– some of them got sick, they mean Dysentery and, and that type of thing over there was very prevalent. You know, there was no sanitation. On Hill 69, I could go back a little bit. �Interviewer: “Yeah.” Visualize no bathrooms on Hill 69. Outhouses and urinals were–– were round rocket tubes they had taken off the, the helicopters, buried in the ground and so that was your urinal. And the outhouses were outhouses, and no plumbing. So, what we had to do was, we had to set up. We took 55 gallon drums, put ‘em in the outhouses and that’s where you went into. You sat down, you went into a 55 gallon drum. What do you do with that? There’s no plumbing, so every day or two we would pull those drums out and the medics were in charge of seeing that this was done properly. We would pull those 55 gallon drums out from behind the–– from behind the outhouse, throw kerosene in there, and then newspaper and light it and burn the stuff until it was ashes. Then you’d move ‘em back in and then you’d start again and so–– (1:20:04). Interviewer: “You have a sense of smell left after that?” Yeah well you, you tried to stay down, you know, down wind or away from the wind blowing and that stuff. But what happened was during the monsoon season, which was winter months, those things filled up with water and they wouldn’t burn. So then you had to bury the stuff. You had to go out there with shovels and try to bury the stuff and it was not–– that was probably–– the guy said that was probably the worst duty that they could ever have, you know, was taking care of the crap, you know. Interviewer: “Did you let any of the Vietnamese onto the base or they have to stay outside?” Yeah, no they had some workers there in the–– in the mess halls and that type of thing, so. Serving–– serving, you know, meals and all that kind of stuff, so. Yeah there was–– yeah and they were vetted, you know, supposedly they were vetted, you know, before they came in. And, you know, they would line up every morning at the gate. You could see ‘em out there on the gate and they would come in and work. They were paid. You know, they were paid and a couple of ‘em I think worked in the–– a couple of ‘em worked in the motor pool there that we had, you know–– mechanics and stuff like that. So, yeah. (1:21:33). Interviewer: “Okay, alright. Now I think one of the incidents that, that came up and I think was this in December? There was a point where you got to put your obstetric training into use.” Yeah. Interviewer: “When was that?” �Okay. In December we were–– we had gone out on a combat assault quite a ways out on the–– on the foothills of the, of the Central Highlands, near a river. And one morning we were walking along and along the river, it came into a small village and they–– a couple people ran up to us “Mamasang having baby, Mamasang having baby.” I said “Okay.” So they call me “Doc,” they say “Doc go take a look.” What’s going on? So, I go and take a look in the hut and this woman is–– is in labor big time. She was in labor and you know I’m thinking “Oh, why didn’t we carry gloves?” You know, we were concerned about diseases. Why didn’t we carry gloves, you know? So I had–– they have, what’d they call it? The real sharp edged bushes, you know, in the field. And of course you get going through–– pushing through that, you get cut on your fingers. So I’m, I’m standing there going to help this woman, so I’m putting band-aids on my cuts on my fingers so, you know, I–– you know, what do you–– what do you do? So now I’m thinking one thing they told us–– this movie that we saw in fort, Fort Sam–– if you see feet, you know, you’re in trouble. You know, but you know, I got her, got her set. Got her laid down and saw the top of the head, you know, and the–– the guys were all on the outside of the hut and the villagers were all around the hut, watching what was going on and this woman–– she was going through pains, you know, and she never uttered–– never uttered a sound. It was just amazing to me that, that they could hold that in. And then, all of a sudden we were getting fire, sniper fire from across the river. So that scattered everybody and we started–– our guys started shooting back and of course then I had, I had two worries. I had the woman giving birth, then I’m thinking “What happens if somebody gets hurt or wounded in our–– or other villagers get wounded.” (1:24:23). Interviewer: “Yeah.” But fortunately none of that. Nobody got wounded, nobody got hurt from their–– from their sniper fire. We actually ended up bringing–– the baby was born to the sound of artillery shells coming in across the river. You know from our FO, ordered artillery into the, to the where–– that where they thought the VC were but of course they weren’t. Once the shooting stopped they were long gone and so yeah it was–– it was exciting time. Then we had the, the afterbirth of course. And they said, you know–– the Captain came up to me, Captain Wolf says “What are we going to do with her?” I said “Well, we’re going to take her to a hospital,” you know, it’s the only thing we can do. So I said “Is it safe to bring a medevac in at this point?” He said “Yeah we haven’t had any shooting for a while,” so he said “We’ll bring a medevac in.” So they brought–– it was a baby boy, by the way, came out good. And I tied off the umbilical cord like they told me to, and cut it and, you know, they, they took her. The medevac arrived, they put her on a stretcher, and they put her on the helicopter, and they took her into Chu Lai Hospital, you know, to be checked out, so. They were, some of the villagers were a little concerned like, like I said–– you mentioned earlier–– that she wouldn’t be coming back but we tried to–– we usually had an ARVN, Republic of Vietnamese Interpreter, with us so he was able to tell the villagers “No, she’s just going into the hospital. She’s going to be cleaned up and taken care of, make sure she’s alright and then she’ll be–– she’ll be brought out. She’ll be brought back out here.” So, a few �days later I inquired and they–– that’s what they had done. You know, it was a healthy baby boy, you know. Quite an experience. And then after that–– I didn’t realize it at the time–– but our, our Captain put me in for a Bronze Star Award, valorous award, for that exercise, so that experience. (1:26:41). Interviewer: “Alright, now before the Tet Offensive started did your unit get into any largescale firefights?” It was pretty quiet. This–– I think I delivered the baby on the 19th of December, just before Christmas. After that, when we went into base camp, the Bob Hope Show was there and a couple of us were able to go to see Bob Hope and Raquel Welch. That was quite an experience, you know, right before Christmas in Chu Lai. And then after that, through Christmas and the New Year–– our New Year–– it was pretty quiet. It was not much fighting going on. You know, little probably did we know that there was–– this was the time during the big buildup of the ARVN, or the North Vietnamese––the NVA coming down. And so that was through January–– we went on a lot of patrols but there was sporadic firefights and, but nothing–– nothing real, nothing real major, you know, at all. So January 30th was their Tết New Year, their, their New Year. And we went out in the field at the base of the, of the Central Highlands camping overnight. Bivouacking, bivouacking overnight and the guys were on guard duty and that type of thing and all of a sudden we get a report from headquarters that there were a thousand NVA troops within two miles of our location. So, we didn’t go. It was the middle of the night, we didn’t go out after them. We launched as–– as a mortar platoon we launched a lot of illumination rounds to see if we could see any movement out there, but we didn’t. About four o’clock in the morning or so, still dark, all of a sudden we hear “woosh” out of the Central Highlands. The NVA were launching rockets into Chu Lai. Into the air base. They were aiming for the hospital, they were aiming for whatever they could do, so. The next morning we watched these rockets go off from the Central Highlands, you know, maybe halfway up the mountain and it was–– it was a frightening experience. We didn’t know what was–– if these a thousand NVA was in our area or whatever, so. (1:29:34). Interviewer: “Now were you with a company sized unit at that point?” Yeah. Yeah, a company sized unit. So they took us to–– they brought, they brought helicopters and gunships in in the morning. They picked us up and they said “You’re going up in the Central Highlands where the rockets came from.” Okay, so–– so we loaded into the helicopters and they took us up into the Central Highlands. Well the problem was the helicopters could not land on the side of a mountain. So, the NVA had cleared out an area where they had the rockets launched and of course they were–– they were gone. The NVA were gone. They weren’t there anymore. So we, we tried as best we could–– the helicopter pilots tried as best they could, with their propellers, to get us as low as they could onto the side of that mountain. Then we had to jump out �of the helicopter and most of the guys–– a couple sprained ankles–– most of the guys did fine. You know, one guy was sitting–– you can imagine–– he’s sitting on this, on the edge of the helicopter floor and there’s the strut down there and he had his feet on the strut. Instead of standing up and jumping, he just kind of–– he just kind of slithered off the helicopter floor and his rucksack got caught on this, on the strut where the helicopter lands. So, he hung there for a few minutes and then he got free, then he flipped 180 degrees and land on his rucksack, on his back, on the side of the mountain. So I went over to see him and he had the wind knocked out of him but he was okay, thank goodness. He, he didn’t have to–– we didn’t have to evac him out, so. But yeah, we stayed up there. We did patrols from that area for a few days. One time, it had cleared out–– it got pretty quiet for a while right there. One day, we were–– had–– a patrol going out to try to find some fresh water in the streams up there in the mountains. So, one of the guys– – I think it was a radio man or somebody that wasn’t really infantry trained–– wanted to walk point. So, six of us went down this trail and he was walking point and all of a sudden I look up and he’s running back. You know “Let’s get out of here, get out of here.” I said “What’s going on?” He says “I just ran into a column of NVA coming the other way on the trail.” Both point men saw each other, they turned around, and they ran. They ran in both directions. So, when they–– when we got back shaking a little bit, a little scared–– back to the, to the group, they sent a column out to try to look for these NVA on the same trail, but of course nobody found anything, so. So, yeah. Tet Offensive was an interesting time. They, they blew up–– they blew up a bridge in Chu Lai on Highway One and it was funny because later on they brought in a crane to repair that bridge and on the back of that crane was Bay City. You know, that was where I was from in Michigan. The government had purchased from Industrial-Brownhoist that crane and they had shipped it over to Vietnam and they were using that to repair that bridge. But, yeah there was–– it was a very tense, tense time. Lots of firefights, lots of guys–– lots of guys injured, lots of guys hurt, you know. We had–– we had a lot of casualties in our unit, you know, but. I took a note yesterday of a book that I had about how many–– how many injuries they had during, during Tet and this is the U.S. Forces. In the 30 days–– the first 30 days of Tet, okay, that would’ve been the whole month. Probably the month of February 1968, the U.S. killed in action: 2,371, wounded: 11,664. Of those wounded 5,500 will return to duty in, in country and 155 missing in action. The NVA counted 25,000 killed in action, and 16,000 lost weapons. There was no stats on the wounded that they, that they encountered, so, yep. (1:34:49). Interviewer: “Wow. Alright, now somewhere along the line you picked up another Bronze Star?” Yes. Yes. That was–– we went–– after I was in the field for through Tet and after I was in the field for for six months, they’d like to rotate the medics back into the aid station and then send, send new medics or send other medics out and take their place with, with the companies in the fields. So, I was one of the lucky ones. I was rotated back to the aid station and then I believe it �was in June or July of ‘68. The Tet thing had calmed down but the Laos thing had gotten pretty hot. There were lots of stuff going on in Laos, across the border. (1:35:43). Interviewer: “We weren’t doing officially too much there but we were doing–– there was a lot of fighting going on further up in the Highlands, in the hills, and close to the Laos ocean border.” Yeah. We were told, our group–– our battalion–– was told “You’re going to Laos.” “You’re going to–– to–– to deploy to Laos for at least 30 days.” Was like “Oh man.” And that scared the heck out of us, you know. To go into a green site, you know, and they said “You need to have, you know, your weapons, you need to have, you know, food. You need to have medical supplies.” Well, I was in the pharmacy at that point and the government had put out lists of–– of what they required for a battalion moving to a new site. And they–– you had to have bins full of bandages and medicine and, you know, shots and all this stuff that we, that we–– sutures–– and all this stuff that we had to, we had to use over there. And I did an inventory in our pharmacy and we had a quarter of what we needed.So the doctor said “Do you think you can pull this together?” I said, “Well, give me a driver and give me a jeep and I’ll see what I can find.” So I spent three weeks scouring the countryside–– Chu Lai, the hospital, other, other–– other hills. Hill 54, our hill, other, other military bases there. I think I even went to the air force, you know, on the–– on the airport, and was able to pull together, I would say 98 percent of the necessary supplies that we had to take into Laos. So we got that all–– we got that all inspected, got that, you know, all quantified and, so, and then of course, a week later–– two weeks later–– your trips canceled. But what the, the doctor wanted to do–– or what he said, he said “You went over and beyond your duty to–– to pull all this together.” So they gave me a second Bronze Star for meritorious–– for meritorious service. So. (1:38:10). Interviewer: “Alright, so what was your–– what was life like then on the base, now that you’re working at the aid station? What kinds of things were you doing?” Well, we had–– of course you had the little villages down at Chu Lai and the guys would go down there and have a good time and of course they’d come back with a VD. So we had a pretty healthy supply of penicillin on, on hand and then if guys couldn’t take penicillin, they had antibiotics like tetracycline and that type of thing that we used to–– and we had–– the aid station was open for, for cuts and bruises and you know, minor wounds and taking sutures out, and you know, all that kind of thing. So that’s what we did on a day-to-day–– on a day-to-day basis. We inspected–– another silly story but we inspected all–– our job was to inspect all the latrines on Hill 69. There were probably, oh I’m guessing there were probably a dozen or six, six to 12 latrines. And some of the guys that we had on duty for the inspection and cleaning these latrines– – the medics were just overseers, they didn’t, we didn’t actually had to do this. We needed to make sure they burned the stuff and, and all that. And then one time, one of the medics got a �hold of some methyl salicylate. I don’t know if you know what that is. You ever smell wintergreen? Interviewer: “Yeah.” That’s the wintergreen oil and that’s what you put on, you know, swellings and that the heat makes it, makes it heat. Makes it warm and it reduces swelling and all that stuff. Well, one of the medics thought it would be funny if we sprinkled some of that on the officer’s latrine seats, and we got in big time trouble for that. You know, they came, they came right at us, you know, wanted to know who it was. Well of course we didn’t–– we didn’t know who did it and of course whoever did it didn’t–– didn’t volunteer that they did it. So we got a severe reprimand that this would not happen again, you know, so. So, but that was funny. So that was–– that was life on the hill, you know. Interviewer: “Now when the units out in the field took casualties, would they come to your aid station or would they get taken to Chu Lai or something?” We had a–– we had a helip- helicopter pad right there. If they weren’t too serious, you know, injuries–- cuts, and, you know, or you know, whatever–– they would land there, then we would go up, you know, kind of like they see on M.A.S.H. We would go up and, with a Jeep and then bring them back to the aid station, evaluate them, and if they needed to go further from there we would take ‘em by ambulance or by Jeep from there into the Chu Lai hospital, you know, just down the road from us. So, yep. (1:41:20). Interviewer: “Alright, and then you also did some work out in, in the community from there?” Yes. That was–– that was a really good thing that we, that we ended up doing. Later–– later in my tour, probably during the summer and it was hot, it was really hot and we did these MEDCAPs which is Medical Civic Action Programs, where we would go into a village and we would set up a mini aid station. And we would bring in the, the, the people from the village–– the kids–– if they had any ailments, we would try to–– we would give them medication. Most of them came in with, with dental problems. A lot of it self-inflicted dental problems. They would chew a narcotic called Betel Nut and they would chew that–– it turned their gums red, their teeth red, and they would chew that to numb the pain in their mouth from their, from their rotted teeth, you know. Especially the older people, the senior’s. And of course we couldn’t do anything about, about that. We’d give them–– we’d give them aspirin or we’d give ‘em Tylenol or whatever to try to kill the pain, but I think it helped a lot and then one time we were in a village and it was late in the afternoon. We’d gone through the villagers and helped them, you know, with medication and minor injuries and that type of thing, and the–– and the chief of the �village came up to us, and we’d had our interpreter with us. He says “I’d like you to have–– we’d like to give you dinner.” He said, “Okay, he’d like to give us dinner.” So we said, “Yeah we can– – we can do that.” We had our Jeeps, we were–– it was a drivable thing, you know, where we take our supplies–– Interviewer: “Yeah.” –– with us. So we stayed for dinner and the interpreter–– I think he was pulling our chain, maybe he wasn’t, but he said, after the dinner he said “How’d you like the meat?” We said “Oh well it was–– wasn’t too bad.” He said “Well those were some old dogs in the village that they had left over and then they, they decided to cook them up and serve them to you with––” You know, he was kind of smiling a little bit, but I don’t think it was. You know, but they did–– they did eat–that was considered a delicacy over there. That was–– dog was considered a delicacy. (1:44:01). Interviewer: “Alright–” So. Interviewer: “–– and did your system complain about the meal later?” Can’t remember. Yeah, I think it probably did because it was rich food, was highly spiced food, and yeah it was–– we had a couple guys from the southwest on our base camp and they planted a garden, and they planted jalapeno peppers, you know, and all the hot peppers. And so they would eat that to spice up their food while they were on the hill. And yeah, they would spend the morning in the latrine, the next day, you know, getting rid of that hot food. Interviewer: “So, alright. Now one of the kind of standard things people in Vietnam, was they would get an R&R. They’d get to go leave the country for a while and go somewhere else and––” Yeah. Interviewer: “–– did you get that? And where did you go?” Yeah I was–– I was very lucky. I had signed up to go to–– you sign up where you want to go. You could go to Thailand, you could go to Bangkok, Thailand. You could go to Japan, you could go to Australia, and you could go to Hawaii. Most of the married guys that were there ended up going to Hawaii and they flew their–– their wives flew over to meet ‘em in Hawaii. So we didn’t mess with going to Hawaii. It would’ve been nice but we didn’t mess with that. So, I signed up to go to, to Australia, and I think it was in April of that year I went–– I was able to go to �Australia. They–– they took us by Braniff International Airlines from Da Nang to the north part of Australia. I can’t think of the name of it, a city there, to refuel. And while they were refuelling, they had to have the plane emptied of soldiers. We all had to get off the airplane. So they took us off–– they were concerned about drugs. You know, marijuana and whatever else. They took us off three at a time, three seats across. They took us off three at a time, they had MPs there at the airport, and they searched our seats, they searched us, and then they let us off the airplane. It took quite a while for 160 guys to get off the airplane and, and they refueled and it was northern tip of Australia–– Interviewer: “Like Townsville–– Townsville or––” No, it was–– Interviewer: “Darwin, which is in the middle [of the north coast] of the country?” (1:46:45). Yeah. No, this was at the tip on the, on the–– I can’t–– Interviewer: “Yeah. Yeah. It’s closest to kind of New Guinea sort of thing but––” Yes, right up at the top. And then they–– we flew from there to, to Sydney, Australia. Then they inspected us again. They did the same thing. You know, oh man. You know, this is what it’s going to be like, what’s it going to be like when we get off, you know. We had–– they had booked us a hotel in downtown Sydney and it was fabulous. It was absolutely–– the Australians love the Americans, you know, and the–– I think the Americans love the Australians, and we had–– we had a few down the street from us, our hotel, there was a park and they had a few people demonstrating down there but nothing real–– real serious. Nothing’s–– nothing violent, you know. And then, what the Australians–– what the Australians did–– well I, I was lucky. I had gone to a bar, like the first night I was there, downtown Sydney, and I had met this Navy guy that had been there for three weeks. So, he knew the lay of the land in Sydney. And he says, “Okay.” He said, “Guys write this down.” So we were sitting at a table, having drinks, and he wanted us–– he wrote down all the places in Sydney that were giving free drinks to the U.S. Military. And they would open their clubs, you know these, these, you know, these private clubs. They would open them and they–– they had discos then, you know. That you had to pay to get into. And he gave us a list of all those places to go to, where we could get free drinks, you know, listen to music, you know, have a great time, and they also–- the secretaries and the, and the girls downtown, that work downtown, they would let them in, you know, for happy hour as well. So, we got to meet a lot of people, you know, and we had a–– we had an absolutely fantastic time down in–– and we went into the country without a passport because, you know, we went in as–– on with military orders–– (1:49:16). �Interviewer: “Right.” –– you know, so. We left. We left the country, went back to Vietnam and then a month–– a couple months later I said “Gee, I’d really like to go back there again.” And I found some of the guys were actually taking a leave. You could–– you had accrued some leave time, you know, so I said “Well I want to go back to Australia.” So they said “Okay, if you know–– if you go back to Australia this time, as a civilian, not a military, you had to have a passport.” Oh, crap. So I said “Okay, what do I need? What do I need to do to get a passport?” “Well you have to apply, you have to send it in, and you have to go to Saigon and go to the Australian Embassy and get a Visa. I thought, “Oh gee.” I mean it’s a long ways from, it’s a long way from Chu Lai to Saigon and, and then we had to–– we had to take military flights down there, which I did. And then I think the Vung Tau was the place where the–– some of the flights took out of for, for the R&R’s, so I got my–– I went to the Australian Embassy, I got, got my Visa, my passport. Went to the Australian Embassy, got my Visa, you know, was right–– it was right near the, the U.S. Embassy in, in Saigon. The one they showed the pictures of when everybody was leaving and everything and it’s one that was–– was run over almost during Tet. There were still a lot of guards there–– there was a lot of, a lot of damage there, so. But they held it for what, six hours or something like that? They held the U.S. Embassy for six hours and so I went back to the base of the–– where their flights were going out of. And it was–– I could only go on standby, if anybody canceled. Well, of course, I didn’t. I didn’t go. I didn’t get to get on any flights to Australia. So I’m two–– two days into this seven day leave and I’m thinking “Got five days left, what can I do?” So they said “Well you can go to–– you can go to some other country.” I said “Okay, where can I go?” They said “Well, you could go to Taipei, Taiwan.” I said “Oh, interesting.” All by myself–– wasn’t with anybody–– any other military guys. So, I caught a Northwest Orient flight out of the airport to Taipei, Taiwan. All by myself and went to Taipei. Had the best pizza I think I’ve ever had in my life in Taipei and didn’t really–– had civilian clothes, didn’t really dress in military. I think they knew I was military, but didn’t–– didn’t dress that way. But you know, toward the–– toward the countryside, got–– took, took taxis out to–– I said “Take me to a park where there’s waterfalls.” They take me to a place where there’s waterfalls and, and all of that and toured the–– toured Taipei a little bit, you know, so, it was–– it was fun. It was fun. (1:52:37). Interviewer: “Okay. Now, did you stay a full year in Vietnam?” Yes. I landed there–– I think we landed there on the 22nd of October, a year and two days since I’d gone into the army and then, I think I rotated out the 1st of October 1968. So I was literally in the army for, for two years. Interviewer: “Okay. Now were you counting down the days to––” Oh yes. �Interviewer: “–– to leave?” Yes. I’m glad you brought that up. Yes, we were–– everybody was–– everybody had a short timer calendar. Okay, and this was my short timer calendar. Can you see that? Interviewer: “Yeah. Okay, so you got your, your army helmet there and the boots underneath––” Yep. Yep–– Interviewer: “–– counting down the days.” –– and I had First of the 46th written on the back here, but yeah it was–– you colored in everyday and then you became next. That was on September 30th, so. I put Red Cross girls down here. I don’t know why I put that down there, but who knows. It was probably part of the thing when we had the USO come to the base and the USO troops would come in and they would give us some entertainment, so. Interviewer: “Well there were Red Cross girls or, then in previous wars they were called Donut Dollies sometimes, but there were–– there were women volunteers who would go out. Did you ever see any of those in Vietnam?” No–– yeah I did, but they never went out in the field with us. (1:54:13). Interviewer: “Well no––” Yeah. Interviewer: “–– that was not a part of it. They would come to the bases or whatever. Yeah.” So we were–– you were a short timer. How short can you get? So that’s–– that’s what we had and the other thing is of–– this is an actual–– in our, on our Hill 69 ths was an actual flag that flew over our med station on the hill, and that was a combat–– combat medical badge that somebody had gone to a village and had made up for us. You know, so they took our CMBs and made that white plastic thing, so. I forgot that I had it.I was going through some stuff and–– Interviewer: “There it was.” –– it’s still in pretty good shape. �Interviewer: “Yeah. Okay, now are there other things that, that happened in, in Vietnam that kind of stand out in your memory or things that you haven’t covered? Check your notes there if you’d like.” Yeah. I’ll check my notes quickly but yeah, I pretty much covered a lot of the stuff that, that–– with your help–– that I had gone through, so. It was funny our–– when we were deploying out of Fort Hood, our Sergeant was a–– we called him a lifer. He was in–– he had been in for five and three-quarters years, you know, so, the guys did not like him. He gave us a hard time. In fact, it was kind of interesting. We had–– we had ministers come on the base and come to our, our area, where we were, our–– our bunks were and stuff. You know, are in at Fort Hood and anybody–– they would announce it, you know, over the intercom system “anybody wants to see a Catholic priest or a Lutheran minister” or whatever. And apparently the–– the clergy would go through the list, you know, of people that were there on the–– at that time. And they came on my name, which was my last name, which was Rosin. And I was–– my last name is spelled with an i-n and the Jewish people spelled their name with an e-n. R-o-s-e-n. So every time a rabbi would come on the base, you know, they would call me over to the, to the–– to the office and I’d have to go over there and I said “Sorry, Rabbi, that I’m not a…” You know, I’m not–– Interviewer: “Not Jewish.” –– not Jewish. But every time they would–– every time they would do that and you think, I think “Sergeant, you know–– this is the third time this has happened.” You know, “Oh, I forgot.” You know that kind of thing, so. But he left. He actually got out of the army before we deployed to Vietnam, so. So. I didn’t tell you about the other thing. Before we were–– the night before we left, did I say about we all went to the PX and–– (1:57:38). Interviewer: “You don’t–– not on camera.” Okay. Not on camera. Okay, we all–– the night before we were going to leave Fort Hood, we all went to the PX. We had gone to the bar and got, you know, a few beers in us. Then after that we went to the PX and we said “Now what can we do that would be different?” So we said, “Oh! Lady Clairol.” You know, hair dye. So we went–– we went and picked up boxes of Lady Clairol hair dye and there were, there were six of us. I dyed my hair blonde, completely blonde. One guy, Ray Jones, had pink hair. Another guy had blue hair, another guy had silver hair, you know, another guy had blonde hair. So, we went up the next morning, we had to–– every morning he went off a reveille–– and they called your attention. When they showed the colors we had to take off our hat, you know, and the Sergeant was standing there and he looked and he looked again. He did a double take, you know, he says “You can’t do that.” We said “Well, it’s done.” You know, we did it. He’s–– he was really flustered. He didn’t know–– he didn’t know if it was legal �military wise to do that or not. So, a little while later he came back to us, he said “You guys are going to have to go to headquarters and get new IDs taken.” “What?” “You know, yeah. You have a different hair color. It’s not the same hair color that you have on your ID, so you’re going to have to get new IDs taken.” The guy–– one guy says “Well what about–– what happens when our hair grows out?” “Well, just keep your other ID and you can use that at that time.” So, it was hilarious, you know, we had a–– we had a really good time. And then in the three weeks we took the ship over, just before we landed, we all got haircuts, you know, before we landed in Vietnam and by that time the blonde hair was, was pretty well–– was pretty well gone but it was, it was hilarious. So, we had a good–– we had a good time. So, you gotta–– you gotta do those things, you know. The guys–– guys–– and we all knew each other. You know, we had gone through–– a lot of us had gone through basic together and everything else, so. And that was another great thing, we went over as a battalion so we all trusted each other and then they trusted me as their medic, I trusted them as having my back, you know, when we needed too and the confidence level ramped up a little bit after I delivered the baby. You know, the guys were very, very happy that–– that I was with them and they were very confident of what I could do. So that–– that helped that situation a lot. (2:00:42). Interviewer: “Okay.” So we had–– a lot of times at night we would be sleeping or whatever and next morning the guys would come to me and that. One guy, one morning, came to me and says, he says, “Doc, I got a– – I got a Tootsie Roll in my mouth.” I said, “What? Where’d you get a Tootsie Roll?” He said, “Well I don’t think it’s a Tootsie Roll.” So during the night we were sleeping in a very wet area, on the side of a hill, and a leech had crawled in his mouth and his whole front of his lip on the inside, there was a leech in his mouth. So he said, “Doc, you gotta get rid of it.” I said, “Okay.” Usually we–– when the leeches, if you touch them with a cigarette butt they would, they would let go. So we–– this, then we had the, what they called, the bug juice. The stuff that you put on, you know, like Off, you know, and it was pretty strong stuff. So I said, “Well” whatever his name was, I said, “The only thing that I can do is, you’re going to have to grin and bear it. I’m going to put some of this bug juice on that thing, you know?” And as soon as I hit it with the bug juice it–– it, it let go. And, so yeah. So yeah that was where–– those were interesting, those are interesting times. And then one night we were walking on patrol. We’re on one hill and then–– it was moonlight–– we could see another group of guys walking the other direction, on another hill maybe 100 yards away, you know, a column of guys. And I asked one of the guys, I said, “Who are they?” They said, “Oh. They’re not us.” You know, it must have been–– it must have been the NVA over there. We never–– never had an issue with them but they were, they were–– they were night walking just like we were doing, so. So yeah. (2:02:54). Interviewer: “And when you were living in the base camp, would that ever get hit with mortars or rockets or anything like that?” �Well, the–– yeah. The–– the night we were supposed to leave the country, the 30th of September. So the 29th of September on base camp, on Hill 69, we turned in our weapons because we wouldn’t be needing them anymore. We turned ‘em all in and we got ready to go. Got ready to pack and then one of the guys said, he says, “Wow.” He said, “You don’t wanna–– you don’t wanna go to, to the airport.” He said, “The Chu Lai airport,” he says–– or Da Nang, wherever we were going. I guess it was Da Nang. He said, “They’re putting the guys–– all the army guys are being put to duty down there. They’re either painting, they’re doing KP, you know, they’re cleaning, cleaning latrines, they’re doing all this stuff for the people that I just left the day before.” You know, I said, “No, we don’t wanna do that.” So we said, okay, what we’ll do is spend the night here on Hill 69. One more night shouldn’t be a problem, you know. So, about, about midnight that night we start hearing small arms fire. And then we got–– then we saw mortars were incoming into this hill, which had never been attacked the whole year that we were there. So, they snuck in through some areas. The Viet Cong snuck in, they had satchel charges with them. They blew up one end of the, of the cook's place, where they were staying, you know their–– their hut–– and they were hurt. They were hurt so we had, we had to treat those guys. We’re saying–– we’re there, no weapons, you know, didn’t have any extra weapons, you know. The NVA was–– or the Viet Cong were coming in. They were trying to overrun the hill. Well, they fought ‘em back. They were hoped–– they were–– they were hoping for, since we were–– we were leaving the country or had left the hill–– the experienced troops that had been there a year, that they could overrun it without any trouble. So–– Interviewer: “Were there new guys there manning the perimeter?” New guys that had just got there. They got indoctrinated real quick. Interviewer: “So did the whole battalion worth of people go at the same time or did they do you in staggered groups or not––” Yeah. There was probably 50 of us that went at one time. (2:05:49). Interviewer: “Yeah.” We didn’t do everybody, but enough. And we said later, we said–– we wrote these guys. They said, “How did they–– how did they determine this?” Well, they said they went and interrogated the people that were in these, this village, just outside the gate. And they had apparently given the Viet Cong information that we had–– we had left the hill. The experienced troops had left the hill, they could overrun it, you know, if they wanted to. So, yeah. That was–– so the night before I flew home, all hell broke loose. But luckily, none of us got hurt , that were leaving. And those that got hurt, weren’t real serious, you know, so. Yeah. It was, it was an–– �–– interesting, interesting time. Interviewer: “Alright. So the next day you successfully get out.” We successfully get out and when the–– when the Braniff International 707 lifted off the tarmac in Da Nang, you heard the biggest cheer you ever heard in your life. So. We flew to Japan and refueled and then we got everybody off the airplane again. And then, then we flew to Seattle, Washington. We–– we got out of the army at Fort Lewis in Seattle, so. Interviewer: “Okay. And then how did you get home from there?” There–– then we flew. We flew home from Seattle to Minneapolis and then [from] Minneapolis I went to Bay City and a lot of guys–– a couple of guys came to here to Grand Rapids. So. Interviewer: “Yeah. Did you fly in uniform or in civilian clothes?” Yes, we flew in uniform. We didn’t have–– I didn’t have any civilian clothes at that time. So one interesting thing was they promised you a steak dinner when you landed at Fort Lewis. “Welcome back to the U.S.” So, we stood in line–– four o’clock in the morning–– and we stood in line at this mess hall at Fort Lewis. And they–– I saw them take the steaks out of the freezer, literally, and throw ‘em on the grill. You know, on the hot griddle and that was our steak dinner. You know. And it was good, you know, it was good. Potatoes and, and all that stuff. And you know we–– guys didn’t feel real good, you know, because we weren’t used to eating that stuff. After they, you know, after they fed us that meal. That was our breakfast. So I had some–– some compazine tablets along so I–– still being the medic–– I handed those out to some of the guys that didn’t feel good, so. So–– (2:08:40). Interviewer: “Alright.” –– yeah. Interviewer: “So, and then once you get back home, what do you do?” Well, once I got back home I went–– I took a few weeks off–– then I went back to work for the company that I’d worked for before I went to Vietnam. And they actually, or actually went–– before I went in the service–– the two years that I spent in the Army, they gave me credit for–– �as, as time within the–– for the company. So the pension and everything was, went on from there. Interviewer: “What kind of work were you doing for them?” Well, I started out as a draftsman in the engineering department and then went into the sales layout department where–– the company that I worked for sold commercial bakery equipment to companies like Nabisco and Pepperidge Farms and Keebler. The big long ovens and the–– that–– and the bread lines also to Tasty Bread and all that type of thing. So I graduated from there, or not graduated, I went up in the company and I eventually became a salesman in the cookies and crackers side of the business and sold that equipment. Traveled all over the country, traveled to Europe, traveled to Mexico and selling–– selling bakery equipment. My biggest accounts were Pepperidge and Keebler. Got to know how to make Goldfish crackers. So. And then in 1995 when I was working there, one of my bosses came up to me and said, “We’ve been contacted by Bien Hoa sugar company in Vietnam and they want to put an American cookie line into their plant in Vietnam. I said, “Okay, well guys,” I said, “been there and done that. I don’t really wanna go back there again.” So we went back and forth for a few weeks and eventually I agreed to go back to Vietnam in 1995 for ten days, and flew from–– to–– San Francisco and then flew all the way from San Francisco to Hong Kong. And then flew from Hong Kong into Ho Chi Minh city, or Saigon in 1995. It was a very interesting experience because when you were in Hong Kong, it was like being in Las Vegas. You know, the lights of the city and that. Everything was lit up at night, we took off at night. When we landed in Vietnam it was like total darkness. There was no lights. Even the city of any–– even the city was not lit up. You know, and we were–– we were coming in to land and I’m thinking “Where’s the airport?” You know, it’s total darkness and so, they didn’t give us too hard a time going through customs. We stayed in–– we stayed in downtown Ho Chi Minh City, I guess it’s called, and just the life–– the lifestyle difference of the people, you know. They were, they were nice people. They were all very courteous and nice. We appreciated with Bien Hoa Sugar Company and I–– we had to have interpreters. I think the people at Bien Hoa could speak English but they wanted–– they only spoke Vietnamese. You know, so. So we got the order. We built the equipment in Grand Rapids, here, and the ovens and the forming machines for the cookies. And before they shipped ‘em over to Vietnam, they wanted to send their representatives from the factory over here to test the equipment. (2:12:51). Interviewer: “Yeah.” So they sent their representatives over and we had a lab and we set the equipment up, we ran it, we made cookies. So they were all happy. One morning I went in there into the lab and I could see feet out from under one of the machines. I said, “What is he doing?” So, you know, I don’t know who they had negotiated or purchased the equipment from in the past, but they were–– �there was a guy in there with an electric engraver and he was engraving in the frame of the machine, underneath, a code that so they were sure that when the machine got over there, that it was the same machine that we tested over here. So, and then it was funny because one of the lab managers, he had to pick him up every morning at the hotel and he said, “Oh,” he said, “those guys” he said, “that’s all they did was watch X-rated movies.” We had to pay for this. We had agreed that we would pay for this and then they would, they would go to the supermarket and they would buy all fresh fruit. That’s all they would eat. They were vegetarians. That’s all they would eat, is no, no meat. So. Interviewer: “Did any of them know that you had been in Vietnam?” Yes. I think they did. Yeah, I think they did. They knew it and in ‘95 when I was over there, you know, these big deuce-and-a-half’s–– these big trucks that they ran–– they were still running them. The diesels were still running. And a couple of ‘em had–– going down the road with telephone poles from one end of the truck to the other, out the back, right next to the–– right next to the driver. There was no way he could see to the right when he was driving this truck, you know. There you go down, down the highway with these–– with these trucks. So. But the people were very nice over there. They were very courteous. There was no animosity towards the Americans, you know, at that time. So, you know, it wasn’t bad. Interviewer: “They won.” What’s that? Interviewer: “They won. Be generous at that point.” Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, so look back at the time that you spent in the service. What do you think you took out of that or how did that affect you?” Well, I think what I took out of there was some friendships that I made with the guys. You see the world from a different perspective, you know. You look at things differently. You look at what you have differently. All the conveniences you have–– ice cream, you know. You look at those things. You know, cars and dental care. You know, you look at–– you look at all those things and you’re very thankful that what you have here. And you still feel, you know, you feel sorry for those people over there, that have to go live with that day-to-day. Even though the communists took that back over again, their lifestyle improved a little bit, but they were still going down the street–– walking down the street–– there were still live utility wires, you know, at head level, when you were walking down the street. You know, so. But yeah, like I said earlier �the code of conduct, I think, was something that we should all live by, you know. And the help that we gave to those people, you know, stemmed communism for a little while anyway. You know. And I think that made, personally, and made us feel good and made us all feel good over there. It was–– there was really not much, you know, objection to being over there by the guys. They–– they were there to do a job, they did the job, and they came home. So. (2:16:52). Interviewer: “And was it–– what was the ethnic mix in your battalion? Were there a lot of black guys or just a few––” Yeah there was–– I would say we were probably 30 percent black and then there were, there were some Orientals, you know, as well. There were a few guys from Mexico that were, you know, are Americans. But mostly it was, it was white guys, you know. So. Interviewer: “And were there any racial issues that you noticed in the––” No. Interviewer: “–– time there?” No. I didn’t see any racial issues at all when I was there. So–– Interviewer: “Because you were there at the time when Martin Luther King was killed and– –” Yeah. Interviewer: “–– and that kind of stuff. And so, but that was not reverberating at least where you were?” No. I remember when–– Interviewer: “Bobby Kennedy––” Kennedy. Robert Kennedy was killed. You know, that–– which shook everybody up. You know, and the Martin Luther King thing never, never–– at least I didn’t pay any attention to it, if it was bad. (2:17:54). Interviewer: “Well you had other things to worry about at the time––” Yeah. �Interviewer: “–– I suppose––” Right. Interviewer: “–– but because that was still in the aftermath of well that, that stuff. Where the stuff was still going on at that point.” Oh yeah. Interviewer: “There was plenty going on. Yeah. Now today are you involved with any veterans groups or things like that?” Yeah. I’m involved with the, the Veterans of America group. We meet once a month in Grand Rapids. We meet at Marge’s Donuts. And I figured I should give back a little bit of my training that I had from the military, so once a week I volunteer at the VA Health Clinic in Wyoming and I–– I’m not doing any medical things but I’m in the administrative section where when the people get back to see their patient advocate or the release of information or the eligibility thing. I–– I’m kind of the gatekeeper there to let people back. I do that once a week, four hours in the morning on Wednesdays. Yep. Interviewer: “Alright. Well you’ve done a fine job for us here today, so thank you very much for taking the time to share the story.” Well, thank you for allowing me to do this. I appreciate the opportunity. I’d like to say, when we came back, you know, just because of the animosity towards the Vietnam veterans–– the Vietnam War–– we didn’t say too much. You know, but as time goes on now I think it’s important that the people hear this from a history standpoint. You know, I don’t know if there’s even–– if they even study the Vietnam War in schools anymore. Interviewer: “There’s not a lot in the Michigan state high school curriculum.” Yeah. Interviewer: “You can get a little bit and it depends on what the individual teachers do, but yeah. Not, not a whole heck of a lot. Yeah.” But we appreciate–– I appreciate what Grand Valley State University has done to do this and the veterans that I’ve talked to all appreciate what you guys do. (2:20:01). �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RosinJ2356V Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rosin, James Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-05 Title A name given to the resource Rosin, James (Interview transcript and video), 2021 Description An account of the resource Jim Rosin was born in September 1947 in Bay City, Michigan. Rosin lived there all his adolescent life and graduated from Bay City Central High School in 1965. Upon graduation Rosin went to work for a company in Saginaw, Michigan that sold bakery equipment. However, in the summer of 1966 Rosin was summoned to Detroit where he had to get a physical for the military. Eventually Rosin was cleared for military service. October 20, 1966 was the day Rosin was to report for military duty. He then began the trek down from Bay City to Detroit to then Fort Wayne. Eventually, Rosin and his peers were taken down to Fort Knox in Lexington, Kentucky. Rosin and the rest of his group were eventually split up and Rosin was selected to head to Fort Hood in Texas to complete his basic training. Here Rosin took an aptitude test and was selected to be an Army Medic. In the summer of 1967 Rosin traveled to Vietnam where he served in the 46th Infantry. Because of his time in Vietnam, Rosin was awarded two Bronze Stars. One for putting his obstetric training to use and delivering a baby, and the other for meritorious service. Rosin service ended when he eventually rotated out on October 1st 1968. He returned back home and continued to work for the company selling bakery equipment. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) WKTV (Wyoming, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States—History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections & University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401. Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/139651461267ddef1d78fe6b46a63116.mp4 64eb805aef431fb76dcd57cd50d5f6d7 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/68666059aa592cd456f4e61144fd9f0b.pdf cd929c6496733b10fae2d608d44d8162 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview World War II Robert Ross Length: 32:35 (00:20) Background Information  Robert was born on January 12, 1926  He was in the Naval Reserves during WWII and served in the Pacific arena  Robert enlisted when he was 17 years old because he did not want to be drafted into the Army  He had not finished school and made it through the 11th grade (1:30) Training  Robert went through basic training at Great Lakes Naval Academy in Chicago, Illinois for 6 weeks  Training was not too difficult for him because he was young and in good shape  The hardest part was getting used to constantly being told what to do and he did not really make any friends while there  After training Robert went home for 30 days on leave, then took a troop train from Detroit, Michigan to California (3:20) Guadalcanal  Robert and 5,000 other men left on a troop ship from California, where they had been waiting for a month at the staging area  It was a brand new ship and it was very full  They had no duties; all they did was eat, and then get in the chow line for the next time around; it took hours for 5,000 men to go through the line  They arrived on the island and that night there was a huge explosion that woke them  It looked like the entire sky was on fire after a large ship had been blown up � There were no survivors and bodies were being washed up on shore for days (6:40) Average Days  Robert had been transferred once to a Merchant Marine ship and found the food to be much better; they even had real eggs  On regular Navy ships the majority of the food was dehydrated: Powdered milk, eggs, potatoes…  He had been in the Pacific for 1 year before he received a package his mother had sent months ago  All the money and anything else worth anything had been removed from the package  Robert worked on 5 different Carrier Air Craft Service Units, or CASUAL outfits, while in the service  They worked on hauling aviation fuel and empty tanks  Robert spent a total of 19 months working in the Pacific (15:35) Pacific Islands  Robert felt that all the islands seemed the same and would have much rather worked in Europe  He stayed with the same small group of men while transferring from ship to ship  He made a few really good friends from Virginia and Michigan  They were never allowed any furlough because there was no place to go while on the islands  In New Caledonia they were allowed to go into town on their time off, but everywhere else they were not allowed off base because they had to stay away from the women  All the nurses on the islands were with the Army and the Navy men were not even allowed to talk to them (22:25) End of Service � Robert had been sent back to California on a converted luxury liner and then hitchhiked to Chicago  The government had given him enough money to make it back to Chicago, but he had wanted to keep it for himself  Robert traveled in his uniform and everyone was very nice to him and buying him drinks  He moved back to Michigan and began working in Ionia and later began working in a prison  Being in the Navy helped him to become a much more respectful and disciplined person � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RossR Title A name given to the resource Ross, Robert (Interview outline and video), 2004 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ross, Robert Description An account of the resource Robert Ross was born on January 12, 1926 and enlisted in the Navy when he was just 17 years old because he had not wanted to be drafted into the Army. He went through training at Great Lakes Naval Academy in Chicago, Illinois and was then shipped out to the Pacific after having 30 days leave. While in the Pacific Robert worked on 5 different Carrier Air Craft Service Units, or CASUAL outfits, hauling aviation fuel and empty tanks. Robert spent a total of 19 months in the Pacific and moved back to Michigan after he was discharged. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Ferlito, Lori (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Naval Reserve Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2004-05-15 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9b1644f968b6eb836176fe72140a7b4c.mp4 26157690b9c4fa7f72d56107de990c4a https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/93ef78a1006927645182116a39475b20.pdf 0ff0b15dca68b977139bf7fe7b7293e6 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Thomas Michael Ross (07:30) (01:10)Childhood Zeeland HS Father worked for Chemical Company 2 Brothers Mike and Dan, older and younger Shot Marbles in Grade school Played Basketball Still acquainted with classmate that went on to join Marines (07:30) Service Dropped out of HS in 11th Grade, Got GED Joined Navy, Great Lakes IL for Boot Camp 9 wks training, 2 wks leave Norfolk VA for Ship Service School, didn’t make good marks, became boatswains’ mate Spent time in Puerto Rico and Roosevelt Roads, Guantanamo, and drydock in Charleston SC Worked on a nuclear supply ship as sub tender. USS Fulton AS11 Visited USS Nimitz, needed to be short to work on it   � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RossT Title A name given to the resource Ross, Thomas Michael (Interview outline and video), 2007 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ross, Thomas Michael Description An account of the resource Thomas Michael Ross was born in Holland, Michigan in 1954. He attended Zeeland High School, and served in the United States Navy between 1975 and 1979. One of his assignments was on a nuclear supply ship as sub tender aboard USS Fulton AS11. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collins Sr., Charles E. (Interviewer) Collins, Carol (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans United States. Navy Other veterans & civilians--Personal narratives, American Video recordings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-02-19 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d7ab9b88ffd73d5f605226852b474774.pdf ba1288a3b4fe922a64fdf81b36903e67 PDF Text Text Rotary Prayer Richard A. Rhem Rotary Club Spring Lake, Michigan July 28, 2008 Prepared text of the prayer O God, Infinite Mystery of our lives, called by many names as the human family bows in awe and wonder before the beauty and terror of creation, the miracle of the human being, and the possibilities of human community – We seek your Spirit’s grace upon us as we celebrate the fifty years of this local Rotary Club and that global community of which it is a part. Memories flash through our minds as we reflect back over five decades of good friendships, camaraderie, and significant service to this community and beyond. We give thanks for that history into which we have moved to claim our place and keep the vision alive – a noble vision of fostering world understanding, goodwill and peace; supporting the improvement of health and education; joining the movements to alleviate poverty and human suffering; working for the building of world community. Grace us with your presence, O God, as we celebrate, even as we remember those whose service has ended, whose presence we miss, whose labor is complete. Bless those who have taken the torch of leadership to bring the Spring Lake Club to new dimensions of dedicated service. © Grand Valley State University   �Rotary Prayer Richard A. Rhem And bless us all gathered at table with abundant food and drink for which we give thanks. Amen © Grand Valley State University Page 2   � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Event 50-year celebration Location The location of the interview Spring Lake Rotary Club Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RA-1-20080728 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Title A name given to the resource Rotary Prayer Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource eng Description An account of the resource Prayer created, delivered, or published by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on July 28, 2008 entitled "Rotary Prayer", on the occasion of 50-year celebration, at Spring Lake Rotary Club. Tags: Rotary, prayer, 2008. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-07-28 2008 Prayer Rotary https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c63760dccddd53c92139175a068b1c4c.mp4 2e7f2c36758c3c15a7f416dda810c60f https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/28b86d47c5fbbbea9ea4cb1193a8404c.pdf 32ab34353e432c0eda7e5057f9c03922 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Alfred Roth (1:05:55) (00:25) Background Information • Alfred was the only boy in his small sixth grade class in Ionia County • He went to high school in Lowell • Alfred worked on his parents farm throughout his years in school • He dropped out of school in 11th grade to help his father out with the farm, but was able to get diploma equivalent in 1937 • Alfred worked for a while at the McQueen Motor Company and traveled to many states doing odd jobs • He stayed the longest in Alaska mining for gold (7:25) Pearl Harbor • At the time, Alfred had been taking government-funded classes in Seattle • He was working with sheet metal making B-17 bombers and other aircraft (8:25) Drafted into the Army • Alfred was sent to Jefferson Barracks in Fort Lewis, Washington • He then went to Missouri for basic training • Alfred went to Madison, Wisconsin for Radio Operator Training as a noncombatant • He was also sent to Houston, Texas for training and communicating with GIs in Central America • Alfred had rifle training at McClellan Field in Sacramento (11:10) Overseas • Alfred boarded a ship to Australia, but they had to take a detour and stop in New Guinea for a while to avoid Japanese submarines • He was listening and sending code; working for six hours, six hours off, and so on • Their communication was constantly interfered with by the Japanese (14:15) Alfred is Transferred to the Philippines • He was working in a radio station near the mountains in the jungle • Alfred was working with a radio mechanic, a cryptographer, and a direction finder • They were constantly harassed by the Japanese and they always slept with their rifles in their bunks (19:05) New Guinea • Alfred was working in a radio shack near the air strip • The atomic bomb was dropped on Japan shortly after he arrived • He then had enough points to go back to the US �• • He had to leave from Manila on a freighter with many other outfits It took them 30 days to reach San Francisco (23:30) Back on a Farm in Michigan • Alfred’s brothers had taken over their parents farm and he went back to working at the McQueen Motor Company • He then got a job dealing with farm milk products and spent 33 years in the area until he retired (25:30) Family • Alfred has 3 children and 6 grandchildren • He met his wife at a dance at the YWCA and was married in 1948 (27:00) Awards • Alfred has received the following awards: Asiatic Pacific Theater Medal, 2 Bronze Metal Stars, American Theater Ribbon, Philippine Liberation Ribbon, 2 Overseas Service Bars, 1 Service Stripe, Good Conduct Medal, Meritorious Unit Award (28:00) Life After Retirement • Alfred has been a life member of the VFW • He has been a member of the American Legion for 60 years • He is also a member of the Methodist Church • His military experience has been very beneficial (29:20) Alaska 1939 • There was no highway and there were vicious mosquitoes everywhere • He was staying in Seward Alaska, 70 miles away from the mining camp • They dealt with dynamite, constantly blasting and breaking up rocks • Alfred made 10 times as much mining in Alaska as he did farming in Michigan � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RothA Title A name given to the resource Roth, Alfred E. (Interview outline and video), 2007 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Roth, Alfred E. Description An account of the resource Alfred Roth was born in Ionia County, Michigan. After school, Alfred traveled to many places around the United States doing odd jobs before he was drafted into the Army. Before his time in the service, some of his jobs included mining for gold in Alaska and building B-17 bombers for the government in Washington. Alfred was trained as a radio operator during World War II, working in the Philippines and New Guinea. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hanks, Robert (Interviewer) Lowell Area Historical Museum (Lowell, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans United States. Air Force World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Video recordings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-05-24 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9fb3c9d1105e9622c7fe40784e927e9a.jpg 3e36f0e5f7117e8f237cbbfcfe9f7fbd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_LS00281 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1930 Title A name given to the resource Rough road Yucatan Description An account of the resource Black and white lantern slide of three people standing next to an automobile on a very rocky road in Yucatan, Mexico. Subject The topic of the resource Lantern slides Automobiles Yucatán (Mexico : State) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/810c17ff4512b2aa9089dad06110cd0e.jpg 23ec845737ab179c2a14fad2bf397eaa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_Round-and-Round-the-Garden_001 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource unknown Title A name given to the resource Round and Round the Garden (theater production) Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's production of "Round and Round the Garden". Date unknown. This image shows three people all looking at a fourth man who is standing at the top of stone stairs. He is wearing cut off shorts with red suspenders. The set is stone floor, walls, and stairs. The photo is very dark. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/43655fba337f3dcc1193bcfc200a04fa.jpg 528d7a8c2f5532180f5c4497952fdb58 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_Round-and-Round-the-Garden_002 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource unknown Title A name given to the resource Round and Round the Garden (theater production) Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's production of "Round and Round the Garden". Date unknown. The image shows a women lying on top of a stone fence. A man is sitting in a chair next to her and is leaning close to talk to her. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e4a8ca98bc6577310bd40a85f65c8a50.jpg b33871563e5ade3617c0cd79eb682c8d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_Round-and-Round-the-Garden_003 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource unknown Title A name given to the resource Round and Round the Garden (theater production) Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's production of "Round and Round the Garden". Date unknown. The image shows a man and a woman in 50s style costumes sitting on stone stairs. The woman has her hand to her chest as if shocked and the man is laying sprawled out over her lap. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1a6b7baaae915275204e0cf4ae521828.jpg d0464c6eb84903aacc085b5c151f4285 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_Round-and-Round-the-Garden_004 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource unknown Title A name given to the resource Round and Round the Garden (theater production) Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's production of "Round and Round the Garden". Date unknown. The image shows a man sitting on the stone steps holding on to a women. The women is laying across his lap with her head tilted back and her hands covering her face. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/bc5d83b298e323f4fbf9ba2d226d459d.jpg cc8794d2461425db231d968d42d35796 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_Round-and-Round-the-Garden_005 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource unknown Title A name given to the resource Round and Round the Garden (theater production) Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's production of "Round and Round the Garden". Two men are pointing at each other with their mouths open and laughing. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/69aa2b353546178e19cda1a981ad71fc.jpg afc5338d8dc968b9d02f2f61600cf14f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_Round-and-Round-the-Garden_006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource unknown Title A name given to the resource Round and Round the Garden (theater production) Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's production of "Round and Round the Garden." In this image two women speak with one another. The set is created to look like an outdoor garden, with a stone staircase and pathway. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/75d1063d60fc35f1fecbb250cdf76d01.jpg e9ed60cfd256cbe8466fbbfe1944c0f0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Theatre Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Description An account of the resource Photographs of Grand Valley theater productions from the 1980s to the 2010s. Photos include shots of performances, backstage, casts and crewmembers. Included in the collection are Shakespeare Festival productions and small acts such as Bard to Go and the Greenshow. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Grand Valley State University Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-2017 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01) Subject The topic of the resource Theater Performances Plays Musicals College Students Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives. Allendale, MI 49401 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV058-01_Round-and-Round-the-Garden_007 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Theatre Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource unknown Title A name given to the resource Round and Round the Garden (theater production) Description An account of the resource Color photograph of Grand Valley's production of "Round and Round the Garden." In this image a man and woman jump back as if scared, holding each other's hand. They are standing at the base of a stone staircase in a set created to look like an outdoor garden. Both wear midcentury costumes. Subject The topic of the resource Theater College students Plays Performances Acting Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/754">Theatre Department photographs (GV058-01)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/84fb6093643040fc30911f88b665ebb2.jpg 248b293470839657168e125212c693d5 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d1c7423aa6ed0373f3273c4889e10d3e.jpg 5c9a5d824fe01863c566ea94f729515a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-Walsh-J_0017 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Simonson, Jean Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1977 Title A name given to the resource Round the Corner Ice Cream Shoppe postcard Description An account of the resource Postcard of 'Round the Corner Ice Cream Shoppe in Saugatuck, Michigan. There is a large tree in the left side of the frame and two individuals sitting on a pink bench in front of the shop. The side of the building has "Round the Corner Ice Cream Shoppe" in big black lettering. The inscription on the back of the postcard says: "Hi Jerri (writing looks like it says Levi): Needless to say we enjoying ourselves. Rained all day yesterday till we got here. Cleared up and promises to be nice rest of weekend. Good food at Sky Line last nite. Then our favorite desert of you know where! Double dippers. Just what we need. Dad and I have your old room. Ken + Aud #6 across the hall. Going to Gray Gable now. Then flea market. All our love, M + D." The postcard is addressed to Jerri Lea Walsh at 22608 Victory Blvd. Woodland Hills, California 91367. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Dexter Press Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich.) Ice cream parlors Postcards Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by Jerri Walsh as part of the Stories of Summer project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8e53d11b016e27187bf0b7fd5c129371.jpg 248b293470839657168e125212c693d5 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3b05cc5f561250cc056c465c0822d483.jpg 201a81620e8a5ca6ed6d1c7a5d5e09a5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-Walsh-J_0019 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Simonson, Jean Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1977 Title A name given to the resource Round the Corner Ice Cream Shoppe postcard Description An account of the resource Postcard of 'Round the Corner Ice Cream Shoppe in Saugatuck, Michigan. There is a large tree in the left side of the frame and two individuals sitting on a pink bench in front of the shop. The side of the building has "Round the Corner Ice Cream Shoppe" in big black lettering. The back of the photograph is addressed to Jerri Lea Walsh at 22608 Victory Blvd. Woodland Hills, California 91367, however, the message on the postcard reads: "Hi sweetie, it was wonderful, we did our share of eating all those flavors - but the weather was bad - rain Fri-Sat & Sunday. The steak fingers were just as good as last spring. Your business cards are attractive. Love, A. K. [illegible]." Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Dexter Press Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich.) Ice cream parlor Postcards Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by Jerri Walsh as part of the Stories of Summer project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6ffe4868bf914802f8b33bd72724ae5c.jpg 7dda561074d265ee92ea02311764513b https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/043c23d44ac5972c1135efd7c6f34419.jpg 89351493c79305d11a6dbfd54abb9710 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-Walsh-J_0027 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Simonson, Jean Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980-10 Title A name given to the resource Round the Corner Ice Cream Shoppe postcard Description An account of the resource Postcard of 'Round the Corner Ice Cream Shoppe in Saugatuck, Michigan. There is a large tree in the left side of the frame and two individuals sitting on a pink bench in front of the shop. The side of the building has "Round the Corner Ice Cream Shoppe" in big black lettering. The back of the postcard has the writing: "Bill & Joyce Jann. 616-857-8851 Rooms & Apts. $20.00 couple." In the bottom left hand corner the date October 1980 is written. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Dexter Press Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich.) Ice cream parlor Postcards Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by Jerri Walsh as part of the Stories of Summer project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1fce8c482e693ad07341d4ae9d0b4eb9.jpg 574a37e0077f5b995cd0afb6314dca34 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ronald Oakes collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Oakes, Ronald Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs by Ronald Oakes, who served in the U.S. Marine Corps during the Vietnam War, and in the U.S. National Guard in the Iraq War. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968/2005 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/628">Ronald Oakes Vietnam and Iraq war photographs (RHC-80)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Iraq War, 2003-2011 Vietnam War, 1961-1975 Veterans Photographs Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Relation A related resource Veterans History Project interviews, RHC-27 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-80 Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-80_Oakes-Vietnam-Scan-080808-0020 Title A name given to the resource Route 1 south of Hue. Civilians building a fence around their village to keep the VC out Subject The topic of the resource Vietnam War, 1961-1975 United States--History, Military Marine Corps Military life Soldiers Photographs Description An account of the resource Route 1 south of Hue. Civilians building a fence around their village to keep the VC out. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Oakes, Ronald Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Ronald Oakes Vietnam and Iraq photographs (RHC-80) Veterans History Project interviews, RHC-27 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Vietnam War Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/32abf7c8207d5230f2e9edbe05790d24.jpg 06298eed03f7ecba28d7d96307d23d5a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-DouglasDunes_0022 Title A name given to the resource Row of Cabins at the Dunes Description An account of the resource Color photograph featuring a row of identical looking cabins at Douglas Dunes Resort. The cabins are nestled among the trees and there is landscaping in front of various grasses and other plants. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Douglas (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich) Motels Summer resorts Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the Saugatuck Douglas History Center as part of the Stories of Summer project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/24069bd0f436b9dad04b5758536793ff.jpg f7f89ee70e21413201115770fd923aa5 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4868b08025dae0ec6075d316ae43b2ad.jpg 297a27b6b4890723709786a00a1b97c1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-Misc_Rowboat Title A name given to the resource Rowboat Description An account of the resource Black and white photo scan of two women and a man on a row boat that has Saugatuck on the side. In the back of the image is the Mt. Baldhead Motel and several boats. On the reverse: "Saugatuck-Douglas Chamberof Commerce, Saugatuck, MI." In the bottom left, it reads "Joe Armstrong, Allegan, Michigan." Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich.) Outdoor recreation Boats Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file collected by the Kutsche Office of History as part of the Stories of Summer Project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/93e98ffa8da1e662d0b8e8f07b5960f5.jpg d33d0b0ff1fe2a29f213733bb8464140 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_I216-0016 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-09-15 Title A name given to the resource Rowboats on Central Park Lake, New York Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a group of rowboats gathered together on the waters of Central Park Lake in the Manhattan borough of New York City. In the photograph, the boats are full of adults and children enjoying a day on the lake, while other people are seen exploring the shoreline nearby. Boating has historically been a popular attraction at the Central Park Lake and rentals are offered at the Central Park Boathouse, previously known as the Loeb Boathouse, nearby. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Central Park (New York, N.Y.) New York (N.Y.) Rowboats--New York (State)--New York Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/cc9d86d1b80d06bccf1ca2cea23caea0.jpg cb2bccdb2edbbdb651d85f43bc7e8d17 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_I216-0025 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-09-15 Title A name given to the resource Rowboats on Central Park Lake, New York Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of people boating on Central Park Lake in the Manhattan borough of New York City. In the photograph, rowboats are seen covering the lake while people of all ages are enjoying a day on the lake. Boating has historically been a popular attraction at the Central Park Lake and rentals are offered at the Central Park Boathouse, previously known as the Loeb Boathouse, nearby. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Central Park (New York, N.Y.) New York (N.Y.) Rowboats--New York (State)--New York Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/920d53d619eb4441d5de63866960116b.mp4 aa97fbd7bb28aa1ce3dfe0ed901ce2f7 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/74964602f277700bd23d0182b9f54116.pdf 659a7ab980a63a69a921ebb29fbc3bda PDF Text Text Rowe, Burt Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Name of War: Korean War Interviewee’s Name: Bert Rowe Length of Interview: (1:19:36) Interviewed by: James Smither Transcribed by: Maluhia Buhlman Interviewer: “We’re talking today with Burt Rowe of Niles, Michigan and the interviewer is James Smither of the Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project. Okay Burt start us off with some background on yourself and to begin with, where and when were you born?” I was born on April of 1930. Interviewer: “Okay and where were you born?” (00:32) Where I was born was Saginaw– Or, no– Off camera voice: “Saginaw, Michigan.” Yeah, it was Saginaw. Interviewer: “Okay, now did you grow up there or did you move around when you were a kid?” I grew up in– I followed my mother, she divorced my dad, and I followed her into Muskegon Heights and we joined the Marine Corps in Muskegon Heights and I flew a number of airplanes. Interviewer: “Okay, now I want to back up a little bit and fill in some more of the background. So how old were you when you moved to Muskegon Heights?” �Rowe, Burt Probably I was– Well I was a teenager. Interviewer: “Okay, alright so you were still living in Saginaw then kind of through the 1930s?” Through the 1930s yeah. Interviewer: “Okay and what was your family doing for a living in the 30s? What kind of job did your dad have?” My dad had a job in the Navy he was a– Let’s see I think he was a– Seems to me that he was a television– Or a color– Interviewer: “Like a teletype operator or a radio operator?” (2:53) He was a communications operator. Interviewer: “Okay, alright and–” And he was that in the Hawaiian islands and he remained that a communications officer. Interviewer: “So he was off in Hawaii and your family was back in Michigan?” Yes. Interviewer: “Okay, alright now did your mother work outside of the home?” Yes, she taught. She taught grade school and also she taught primary education and she was a very good teacher. She taught me, I was one of the lucky ones that I had her for three or four years. �Rowe, Burt Interviewer: “Okay, now you were kind of young then but do you remember how you heard about Pearl Harbor?” Well I heard Pearl Harbor, the nasty Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor and they included the city of Honolulu and Pearl Harbor and they came out of the north and they seemed to migrate southwards and they bombed Pearl Harbor and they also bombed the famous– Yeah just trying to think of what the famous– Interviewer: “Well they bombed the Army base which was Schofield Barracks and then the movie From Here to Eternity shows a scene of them doing that, they bombed the air fields and so forth too. Now was your father in Hawaii when Pearl Harbor happened?” No, he went later. Interviewer: “Okay, alright just gonna go back then to sort of your main story, so you graduated from high school in ‘48 and then a little– About a year later you decided to join the Marine Corps. Why did you join the Marine Corps?” (6:55) Because they were begging for– I wanted to bring the Marine Corps home, I probably did that as I’ve mentioned before I’ve flown a number of airplanes, aircraft, Sinclair aircraft. Interviewer: “Okay, so you were doing this before you joined the Marine Corps?” Yes. Interviewer: “Okay, so you took– Did you take flying lessons then?” Yes, I took flying lessons and I also– I flew airplanes during the war. Interviewer: “You mean during the Korean war?” �Rowe, Burt Yes. Interviewer: “Okay, alright.” The Korean war and I flew aircraft up to the time I joined the Marine Corps and I quickly— I didn’t fly during the combat. I flew airplanes and that– Moved a lot of aircraft and we also flew airplanes. I always wanted to take off on a corsair, I had one incident that I flew an airplane and I got the tail up and it was snowy and it was cold and I flew with the tail in the air and I crashed into a fence and I managed to finish the Spanish– Not Spanish, but I had the tail in the air and I managed to– Interviewer: “Well you hit a fence.” Demolition of a land house and nothing happened to me, nothing happened materially, it scared the hell out of– Interviewer: “Now I kind of want to back up again here and try to kind of put your story together in order if we can. So you enlist in the Marine Corps in about 1949, I think that was what you figured you did, and you did that voluntarily you weren’t drafted. They were looking for volunteers, now when you enlisted did you hope to be a pilot or did they tell you you couldn’t be a pilot?” (12:15) No, I didn’t hope to be a pilot, I wanted the ground troops and I kept pretty much the air wing, I was air wing for– Oh, probably two or three years. Interviewer: “Okay, now when you first– Now after you enlist, first thing you do would be to go to boot camp right?” Yeah. �Rowe, Burt Interviewer: “Okay where did you go to boot camp?” I went to Parris Island. Interviewer: “Okay so you go to South Carolina.” Yeah. Interviewer: “Alright, now what kind of reception did you get? When you arrived at Parris Island what did they do first?” Well we rode a train into Parris Island and I had control of some of the– I had control of a certain number of people. Interviewer: “Okay, so you were keeping an eye on some of the recruits or keeping them together?” (13:50) Yeah and I– had a major that was pretty salty and he gauged my confidence and he knew I flew on airplanes and so he kind of cheated a little bit, don’t ever– I won’t even mention his name but he made sure I flew a little bit. Interviewer: “Okay, well on Parris Island they weren’t flying though.” No. Interviewer: “Parris Island– That’s what I was kind of asking about was what was the experience at Parris Island like?” Oh it was rough, it was– Probably made a man out of me a lot quicker and I was stationed at Jacksonville and I also flew unofficially. �Rowe, Burt Interviewer: “Now when you said Jacksonville, do you mean Jacksonville, Florida?” Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, because there’s also a Jacksonville, North Carolina that’s close to Camp Lejeune so– But you were at a naval air station at Jacksonville.” Jacksonville, Florida. Interviewer: “Right, okay.” And we had two or three guys that belonged to the same group and they also work for Michigan, Mint Michigan, and we had a jolly good time and we kind of mixed it up and we had a good time in service and I was still a sergeant and I had a crew that maintained, I think three planes. Interviewer: “Now was this at Jacksonville or in Korea or?” (17:45) That spread over to Korea. Interviewer: “Alright, now what kind of aircraft did your men work on?” They worked on Corsairs and the AU-1s, not the old fighter but we maintain AU-1s and they were pretty much a bomber– Interviewer: “Right, so ground attack aircraft rather than fighters, yeah because they used a lot of those for ground support in Korea.” Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, so about how many men did you have in your crew?” �Rowe, Burt I had three men. Interviewer: “Okay so three men, but they would take care of three aircraft?” Yeah, they would take care of one another’s aircraft. Interviewer: “Okay, alright now did they train you as a mechanic in Jacksonville or as you– You had boot camp at Parris Island and then if you’re gonna learn how to work on aircraft you need to be on an airbase.” Yeah. Interviewer: “So was it in Jacksonville where you kind of started to actually work on planes?” (19:15) Yeah I was at an aircraft base during most of the war and I maintained– Under a staff sergeant I maintained a– Three planes. Interviewer: “And then you mentioned you also got to fly them some of the time. So was that taking them from like one base to another or just to check them out to make sure they flew properly?” They allowed me, thanks to flying experience that I would move airplanes around the base. Around the base and pretty much– Flew planes occasionally, that when I could steal a ride and I would find some combat but not trained combat but higher– We had a couple of bricks– Or planes and they would act as taxi pilots and then they would do more flying than I would and I would clear the runway cause it would snow and it was pretty much land planes and corsairs. Interviewer: “Okay, now the snow– Was there snow in Korea?” Yes. �Rowe, Burt Interviewer: “Okay, I don’t think they have a lot of snow in Jacksonville, Florida all that often. Okay now do you remember where you were when the Korean war started? Were you in Jacksonville at that time?” I was in Jacksonville. Interviewer: “Okay, and then after it started about how long was it before you got sent over to Korea, because the war starts in about June of 1950 and how long then after that did you go to Korea?” Oh I probably spent maybe two years– One year, I probably spent one year in Korea– Excuse me. Interviewer: “So after the war started you stayed on in Jacksonville for a while before they sent you to Korea, you didn’t go right away.” (23:50) Partly. Interviewer: “So you didn’t go to Korea right away after the war started?” No. Interviewer: “Okay it took a little while and then when you did go did your– Did the whole unit go or just your group of guys who were mechanics go? Did all the pilots and the aircraft all go together or was it just a smaller–” Yeah they went by train and sent us over by train, managed to fly a little bit probably 10-20 hours– Excuse me Off camera voice: “Here. Would you like one?” �Rowe, Burt Interviewer: “Oh no thank you.” Off camera voice: “I beg your pardon I should’ve asked you first.” Interviewer: “I don’t drink and interview. So now you’re– To get you— Now did you go to the west coast and then go to Korea from there? So you’re talking about taking trains, do you take a train to the west coast or did you fly the planes over?” No I didn’t, I didn’t come into the west coast until I came back. Interviewer: “Okay, so when you went over to Korea then where did you ship out– Or did you fly over or are you in transport planes or did you–” I went– Transport boats. Interviewer: “Okay so you went by sea, so where did you ship out from?” (25:55) We shipped out– Hmm. Interviewer: “It could have been Jacksonville.” What? Interviewer: “It could have been Jacksonville, it could have been, you know–” No, it was San Francisco. Interviewer: “Okay well that is the west coast.” Yeah. �Rowe, Burt Interviewer: “So how did you get to San Francisco?” By train. Interviewer: “Okay so you did– So you take the train cross country, get on a boat in San Francisco and what do you remember about the voyage from San Francisco to Korea?” Oh it was– It was a humdinger. It was a passenger boat and it had– It had– Oh my. Interviewer: “Did they still have cabins or rooms that they put a bunch of guys in?” Yeah, they had them down underneath in fact they– I had a rude awakening one morning and the six inch cannon fired outside of Japan. It fired several rounds of ammunition and it scared the hell out of me, I was abruptly awake and it was mostly Marine Corps, it was a mixture of airmen and– Interviewer: “Ground troops?” (28:50) Ground troops and it scared the crap out of us, it was– Interviewer: “So you had the cannon firing which was bad enough, was it– Were the seas rough did people get sick?” Yes they were rough, in fact I think I went over on– I was thinking most the time we were on– I was trying to think of the name of it and I lost that. Interviewer: “Okay, but you said it was a converted passenger ship?” Yeah. �Rowe, Burt Interviewer: “Okay, now did you get to spend a lot of time on deck or do they make you stay below?” Well we spent a lot of time on deck and it was because of storms and they would let us into Japan. Off camera voice: “You had a hurricane or something didn’t you?” Yeah we had a hurricane and it was– What the heck I can’t remember the name of it, it was– Seems like it was the Ward and it was a– It was a boat– Or passenger boat and it was splashing and it was diving and– Interviewer: “Did you think you were going to sink?” (31:55) I thought we were a couple times and it was a– It was– I was trying to think also what port we went into and I just forgot it. Interviewer: “Well it can be a lot went to Yokohama some went to Sasebo or Osaka, there’s different bases you could’ve gone to but you think you were in Tokyo Bay somewhere or Yokosuka or– Anyway, now when you got to Japan did they let you get off the ship?” Under guard, under guard and there was quite a few– There was quite a few civilians that were on board and they also got off from that ship cause it wasn’t very comfortable. It got us with the hurricane and they wouldn’t let us go in shore, it was a hurricane so we stuck around if you can imagine and I know I got sick. Interviewer: “So they kind of had to clean the ship before you got back on it.” Yeah. �Rowe, Burt Interviewer: “Alright, now how long did you stay in Japan? Were you just there a few hours or a few days or?” I was there a few days and– Interviewer: “Okay, alright so we were talking about– Okay you were kind of briefly in Japan and then do they put you back on the same ship to go to Korea or do you get on a different one or?” No, we flew. Interviewer: “Oh you get to fly now, okay.” We flew over to Korea in a passenger plane. Off camera voice: “From where?” From Japan, Atami– Atami, Japan. Interviewer: “Okay, alright and then–” (35:16) That was an air force base. Interviewer: “Right and then where did you land in Korea?” I ended up on– Well it was pretty tough but we ended up on a flight of trainers and I fell asleep and above the mountains and I’d fallen asleep and all of a sudden I got a change of pitch in the airplane. It was a fallen– It lost its power on the engine and it kind of startled me out of my sleep and I said I’d never jump from an airline and I did, I was probably about half way down the plane and I proceeded to say “I’m gonna jump.” I thought the airplane had changed pitch and it did and it kind of scared the hell out of me. �Rowe, Burt Interviewer: “Okay, but they got the power back though?” Yeah, oh yeah they got the power back cause I was halfway to the rear to jump out the tail end of the plane but I suddenly, red face and all, and afterwards I– Off camera voice: “I don’t know how much time he had but it’s been about an hour do you want to go on or do you want to– Because–” Interviewer: “Well, my time is actually pretty flexible.” Off camera voice: “What?” Interviewer: “I’m pretty flexible I mean were here probably like to just finish–” Off camera voice: “Okay, I was just trying to make it go a little faster–” Interviewer: “No, no we’re okay it sort of– It takes however long it takes. Okay, so the flight to Korea was interesting. Alright but you land safely in Korea, now where did they– What base were you at in Korea, so where were you working?” (39:10) I was appointed sergeant working for staff sergeant and I was– I had control of two fighter planes– Three flight planes and the crew that I had was– Interviewer: “These are the same guys you had in Jacksonville?” Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, now where were you based, what air base were you on?” Ata– I think it was Atami. �Rowe, Burt Interviewer: “But that’s Japan.” Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay but in Korea though you were on a base?” Yeah, I was on a base in Korea. Interviewer: “But you don’t know which one?” No it was– Interviewer: “Were there any towns nearby that you can remember or?” No, it was– We had a Japanese– Some teenager and they– Off camera voice: “Didn’t they work for you?” (40:47) Yeah, they worked for us. Interviewer: “Were these Japanese or Koreans? You’re in Korea, you'd have Koreans.” It was Koreans. Interviewer: “Right, okay.” Yeah, it was Koreans they were washing planes and they weren’t mechanically involved in the planes, that was our job but we had a few Koreans that were– They were probably farmers, most of them were farmers and they also carried bazookas and they were– We kept an eye on them and killed a few of them but we got along with them mostly. �Rowe, Burt Interviewer: “Okay, you said you killed a few of them?” Yeah. Interviewer: “Were there people who were attacking your base or trying to steal things or?” They were stealing and they– A few of them were pretty reliable and they would be– Sometimes they would be caught out in the field and they would have firearms and they were actually farmers and this was in– This was in Japan. Interviewer: “In Japan rather than Korea?” Yeah. Interviewer: “So they were Japanese farmers carrying weapons around?” (43:57) Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay…now but I guess– I’m trying to sort out here but basically your time overseas, did you spend a lot of time on a base in Japan or were you really just in Korea?” I went to Korea. Interviewer: “Okay, so you shouldn’t have been seeing a whole lot of Japanese farmers.” No. Interviewer: “If you’re in Korea. Okay so the guys carrying the guns would have been in Korea?” �Rowe, Burt Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, I’m just trying to keep that straight for the benefit of the audience here, okay alright.” Yeah that is correct. Interviewer: “Okay, now the base that you were on was this just Marine aircraft there or were there Air Force planes too or just your guys?” There were some Air Force planes, there are some fighter groups that were on ground. Interviewer: “Alright, now who provided security for your base? Did you have Army or Marines or?” (45:05) I don’t know, I don’t really know. Interviewer: “So it wasn’t you?” No, no but we had a sergeant of the guard and they were Marines and they furnished most of security around the base. Interviewer: “Now did you have any trouble with anyone ever trying to attack the base whether air attacks or artillery or anything?” No, there was nothing like that and there was one incident where we had to shoot the Japanese out of the air and that was– They were some bombers that would bomb the Koreans that were active against us. They would bomb outside of– Geez, trying to remember. �Rowe, Burt Interviewer: “So they were attacking whatever stuff closer to the front lines or would they attack your base as well?” Well they would attack the base, they were Japanese. Interviewer: “Or Chinese maybe, the Japanese weren’t fighting in this war. There were Koreans and you had– Let’s see the North Koreans and there was Chinese who were fighting you.” They were Chinese or Jap– They weren’t Japan but– Interviewer: “They were the bad guys.” (48:10) Yeah. Off camera voice: “You want a kleenex?” Yeah, they were– Interviewer: “Now would they send just a few bombers at you or a lot of them?” They would send fighter bombers and there would be patrols throughout the day. Interviewer: “Now were these– The fighter bombers were those the Chinese or Korean ones that were attacking you or are those the ones that you sent after them?” They were ones that we sent after them. Interviewer: “Okay, alright and so was it your aircraft that shot down the enemy bomber or was it anti aircraft guns? Cause you said you shot one down.” �Rowe, Burt Yeah we shot– We shot our share of them. Interviewer: “Okay, but was it your aircraft that shot the enemy aircraft down or did you have anti aircraft guns that were shooting?” We had guns that would– We would shoot and also we played baseball against– Interviewer: “Some of the Koreans?” Some of the– No the G.I’s, the G.Is and they would– I played first base and hard ball and I– We had Marines shooting at hurricanes and some of these cases we fired on Korean fighters and they– And sometimes they would happen during the ball games and there’d be strafing, that type. Interviewer: “Okay, so a little bit of seventh inning stretch at the wrong time. Okay, now most of the time was it pretty safe on your base?” (51:22) Yes. Interviewer: “Okay, now what kind of living quarters did you have? Did you sleep in tents or in barracks?” We slept in tents. Interviewer: “Okay, how big were the tents? Were they two men or six men or?” They were probably about six men tents and we’d get shot at once in a while and fact is in Korea I had a sergeant try to clean my clock and he tried to– Tried to impose his ugly body and I ended up trying to run through the door, you know it was– There was a little hand to hand combat. Interviewer: “Okay, now see, were you there– So you were there at least a full year, so were you there during the winter in Korea?” �Rowe, Burt Yes. Interviewer: “And what was winter in Korea like?” It was cold, it was cold and snow. Interviewer: “Did you have any kind of heater inside the tent or did you just have sleeping bags?” We had sleeping bags and cots. Interviewer: “But was there a stove or anything like that or?” Yeah there was heat and they were either kerosine heat and it was– Fact is I crashed through a door trying to get out the tent and we had a little bit of tent and quonset huts and we had fire pits outside, it– Pretty shaky sometimes. Interviewer: “Okay, now did you ever get to go into Seoul or into any of the larger cities or towns?” (54:40) Yeah, I got into Seoul and we didn’t really get anything in Japan. Fact is we got along with the Japanese probably as well as could be and we didn’t really have any hand to hand combat with the Japanese. Interviewer: “Of course you weren’t in Japan, but with the Koreans either though, I mean you didn’t have trouble with the Korean civilians.” No, no we didn’t have any combat with the– Not any known combat with the Koreans because we were– I like to think that we were too good for, but that wasn’t the case. We had some aircraft skirmishes but it didn’t– It wasn’t that much combat. �Rowe, Burt Interviewer: “Okay, so the planes that you were working on, would they come back with bullet holes or battle damage?” Oh yeah, yeah we would repair our aircraft and it had bullet holes. Off camera voice: “Didn’t you have some night time visitors?” Oh yeah, we had night time fighters that would– They would attack during the night time and they would share a good part of the combat. Interviewer: “And would they just send one or two of those at a time to kind of keep you awake or bother you?” Yeah. Interviewer: “Yeah, the bed check Charlie thing, yeah.” (58:25) Yeah, the bed check, accurately portrayed. Interviewer: “Now when they came at night, I mean did you have any aircraft that would fly at night to chase them off or did you just have the anti-aircraft guns? When the enemy attacks at night would you fight back or just let them go?” They would occasionally have night time fighters and they would try to– They would, the Koreans would, try to fight them off but they never completed any casualties but they– There wasn’t too much, there wasn’t probably too much combat between fighters. Interviewer: “Now if you think about the time that you spent in Korea, are there other kinds of memories you have of that, that you haven’t talked about yet?” �Rowe, Burt Yeah. Interviewer: “So what other stories could you bring in here?” Not to tell stories but there probably weren’t too many– Too many of approaches by women but they always get in the picture. Interviewer: “Okay, so there were women around looking for business.” Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, yeah that was part of life in then, now were there– Would they be off of the base and men would go find them or would they come onto the base?” (1:01:25) Well sometimes they come onto base but they didn’t have too many. Interviewer: “Well there wasn’t a big town close by or anything.” No. Interviewer: “You were kind of out in the country some place, so lost a whole lot of business.” Yeah, we were probably– It was probably combat free if you figure out what I mean, they were non-combatant. Interviewer: “Alright well we were talking about just sort of what life in Korea was like and that kind of thing and you would talk some about encountering locals of different sorts. You had business women, if you will, who were around the base and so forth but you also had Koreans who worked for you on the base, they cleaned the planes. Did you have people who cleaned–” �Rowe, Burt The clothes? Interviewer: “Yeah the clothes and that kind of thing for you.” Yeah. Interviewer: “Yeah, okay alright now while you were in Korea did you pretty much stay with the same group of guys the whole time? So you came in with your crew and then stayed with them?” Well you pretty much– You pretty much stayed with them. Interviewer: “Right, because it wasn’t like you had– Sometimes you had people who rotated in and out of units and would kind of come and go but your guys all pretty much were with you the whole time?” (1:03:27) Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, alright now did you leave Korea before the fighting officially ended? So there’s an armistice in 1953.” Yeah, well I would say the armistice of ‘53 was probably– Did I serve in Miami? Off camera voice: “Did you what?” Did I serve in Miami? I can’t remember well. Interviewer: “Well when you enlisted did you enlist for three years or for four years?” Three years. �Rowe, Burt Interviewer: “Okay, and if you went in ‘49 that would take you to ‘52, but you might have come back from Korea, had some time left on your enlistment and then they gotta put you somewhere. So you think you went to Miami then?” I went to Miami, yeah. Interviewer: “Now do you remember anything about the trip from Korea back to the U.S? How did they get you home from Korea?” Boat. Interviewer: “Okay and was that ride any better than the other one?” Yeah, it was a lot more peaceful and that was also a lot more wind and so we had the factor of wind. (1:05:20) Off camera voice: “And then he had to stay offshore.” Yeah, we had to stay offshore pretty much in place and it was– Interviewer: “Now was that when you were waiting to land in the U.S you had to stay offshore?” Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, so kind of like when you went to Japan you had to stay offshore, but this time there was no typhoon.” No, there was some wind but nothing like what was going over. �Rowe, Burt Interviewer: “Okay, and then where did you land in the states?” San Francisco. Interviewer: “Okay, now did they give you a leave to go home or?” Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, alright and then after that you went to Miami?” Yup. Interviewer: “Okay, now was it your same group now at Miami or or did they put you in a different unit?” (1:06:32) Different unit. Interviewer: “Okay, and so what were you doing in Miami?” I was doing the same thing except I had civilian– Or not civilian but it was a lot quieter, we didn’t have any Japanese or Koreans or anything like that but we found our own contact sometimes with officers. Interviewer: “Okay, so when you’re off duty you’re out there having a good time and sometimes too good a time.” Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, now were you still working on corsairs or did you have different aircraft?” �Rowe, Burt We had, probably different aircraft cause we had a lot of– Particularly in california and we had a lot of characters. I still say I lose it, the term, they– We had our skirmishes but we didn’t have any bullets coming back. Interviewer: “Alright, I was asking about the aircraft you were working on, what kind of planes did you have in Miami?” Seems like they had– They had more jets. Interviewer: “Okay, yeah cause jets had come in in a big way.” They had more jets protecting either practice missions or regular, a lot of that. Interviewer: “Okay, so did you get to work on the jets?” Yes, I did. I worked on jets and I didn’t fly any but– Cause we had foreign, well we didn't have foreign but we had– We had [unintelligible] and it didn’t amount to much of anything but there were a few fighters and most of them were– Most of them were flown by– (1:11:00) Interviewer: “Well you have Navy pilots or Marine pilots.” No, they were down in Southern Korea, most of them were corsairs. Interviewer: “Yeah, okay I guess we’ve been talking about– We kind of finished what we were talking about so the last part of your enlistment when you were in Florida and when you’re there you have jet aircraft and so forth to work on.” Yeah. Interviewer: “Alright, and that kind of thing. Okay, and then so basically– Now was that the last duty station you had?” �Rowe, Burt Yes. Interviewer: “So you finish that, okay.” Well I had– Interviewer: “Did you have any time in California or just in and out?” I was in and out of California and I probably– Maybe I have more liberty but we didn’t have the combat planes we had before cause most of them were has beens. Interviewer: “So you had older aircraft?” Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, alright so now as you were getting to the end of your enlistment did the Marine Corps people encourage you to stay in? Did they want you to reenlist?” (1:13:23) Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, and what did they offer you?” They– I think that’s probably when I made sergeant. Interviewer: “Well, haven't you been sergeant already?” No, I was probably sergeant working under a staff sergeant. Interviewer: “Okay, but they offered you a promotion to staff sergeant?” �Rowe, Burt No, they didn’t– They didn’t combat or they just left us alone. Interviewer: “Okay, so they didn’t really try that hard to get you to reenlist?” Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, so then when you left– So when do you leave the Marine Corps then? Is that ‘52 after three years?” Three years. Interviewer: “Okay, so ‘52 and what did you do after you got out? Did you go back to Michigan?” I bragged about the Marine Corps. No, I came back to Michigan and it was pretty calm. (1:15:00) Off camera voice: “And he married me.” Interviewer: “You got married, okay what year did you get married?” Oh I’d say– Off camera voice: “Go ahead, tell him.” Interviewer: “This is a test.” Off camera voice: “Tell him. What year did we get married?” I got married I think– I don’t know, I can't remember when we got married. �Rowe, Burt Interviewer: “Oh that’s not good, okay. Okay but did you meet after he got back from Korea?” Off camera voice: “Yes.” Yeah, I got married back in, well I think it was back in Miami wasn’t it? Off camera voice: “Mhmm. Well we actually got married in Benton Harbor.” Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, so you knew him while he was still in the Marine Corps? Okay, alright we’re sorting that part out. Okay and then what kind of work did you go into? What kind of job did you have?” Well I think I turned down a job of– Didn’t I? Off camera voice: “Well he went to work for Clark Equipment Company.” Yeah, that’s the most work that I did as a civilian. Interviewer: “Alright, and what did you do for them? Was it manufacturing or sales or repairs?” (1:16:40) I had a division– Or not a division but I had a– I can’t– Koreans? Off camera voice: “Nothing to do with Korea, he said what kind of work did you do for Clark Equipment Company?” Yeah, I ran the– What the hell was it? �Rowe, Burt Interviewer: “Well you’re operating a machine or were you leading a group of people?” No, I don’t– Leading, I was leading people. Interviewer: “Okay, so like a foreman?” Yup, general foreman. Interviewer: “Okay, alright now when you think back about the time you spent in the Marine Corps how do you think that affected you or did you learn anything from it?” Well I bragged about the Marine Corps, other than that I probably, I went to school I finished out the– Off camera voice: “Well you got your college degree.” Yeah my college degree. (1:18:43) Interviewer: “Okay, so you got G.I benefits from it.” Yeah. Interviewer: “Now do you think you also grew up a little while you were in there?” Yeah, I didn’t brag quite so much. Interviewer: “Very good, alright well you’re not the only person to be proud of having been in the Marine Corps. So let’s close this out by thanking you for taking the time to talk to me today.” �Rowe, Burt Off camera voice: “We are here and there’s a lady that works here at this place and she brought her three sons up to meet him since we’ve been here because her first son wants to be in the Marines. I thought that was, you know, very, very special that she would want him to meet a Marine.” �Rowe, Burt � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RoweB2177V Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rowe, Bert Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-12 Title A name given to the resource Rowe, Bert (Interview transcript and video), 2017 Description An account of the resource Bert Rowe was born in April of 1930 in Saginaw, Michigan, and grew up with his mother in Muskegon Heights. Before graduating high school in 1948, Rowe attended civilian flight school. After graduating, he enlisted into the Marine Corps in 1949 with the expectation of being placed into the infantry. Rowe attended Boot Camp at Parris Island, South Carolina. After Boot Camp, he was stationed at a Naval Air Station in Jacksonville, Florida, where he began flying for the Corps. He was assigned to a crew of three other mechanics and worked with the Marine Corps’ Corsair ground attack aircraft. When the Korean War broke out in 1950, Rowe’s unit was eventually sent to San Francisco, California, before being shipped to Japan. From Japan, Rowe’s crew from Jacksonville was flown to an airbase in Korea where he was appointed as Sergeant overseeing the maintenance of three fighter planes. The airbase would occasionally come under attack by groups of North Korean or Chinese fighter bombers, which prompted the personnel on the base to launch patrol squadrons in pursuit. At night, the base lived under threat of being attacked by a few, sporadic nighttime fighter bombers. In their free time, Rowe and the other troops played baseball while living in six-person tents. During the winter months, the troops relied on their sleeping bags, tent stoves, and outdoor fire pits for warmth. Rowe also recalled briefly visiting Seoul where he and the troops got along well with Korean civilians. Overall, his unit experienced little combat and spent much of its time repairing battle worn aircraft. After being shipped back to the United States in 1952 toward the end of his three-year enlistment, Rowe spent some time in Miami, Florida, serving with a different crew. In Miami, his crew maintained jet fighter aircraft--a newly introduced technology to the U.S. Armed Forces. Once officially discharged from the Corps in 1952, Rowe returned to Michigan, got married, and went to work for Clark Equipment Company as a General Foreman. Reflecting upon his time in the service, Rowe was proud about having served in the Marine Corps and was grateful for the GI Bill for helping him complete his higher education. He also believed that the Marine Corps helped him mature as an individual. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States—History, Military Veterans Video recordings Korean War, 1950-1953—Personal narratives, American Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections & University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401. Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng