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Veterans History Project Interview
Vietnam War
Duane Ritsema
Length: 9:32
(00:30) Background Information



Duane was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan and went to school in East Grand Rapids
He enlisted in the Marine Corps on March 13, 1964 because he had wanted to avoid
being drafted into the Army

(2:25) Vietnam
 Duane went through basic training for 3 months and then went through advanced infantry
training for one month
 He was then sent to Vietnam and landed at the Da Nang Airfield
 They traveled to China Beach and worked there for about 8 months
 Looking back Duane is now glad that he enlisted because it gave him the opportunity to
travel and he had many interesting experiences
 He also had many tough times while in the service and his friends helped him get through
things
(4:15) After Service
 After his time in the service Duane went back to Michigan and was surprised that he was
not greeted with hostility
 His return was uneventful and he thought that by the looks of thing you would have never
known that there was a war going on

�</text>
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&#13;
Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. &#13;
&#13;
Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D"&gt;Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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&#13;
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                    <text>Grand Valley State University
Veterans History Project
Jim Roach
(2:03:33)
Background Information (00:25)
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Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1947. (00:30)
He grew up in Delaware County in the suburbs of Philadelphia. (00:41)
His father worked for the Federal Government in the forestry service. Neither of his parents had
completed high school. (1:07)
Jim was the oldest of 5 children. (1:50)
After graduating from high school he attended a seminary but struggled in and dropped out
after his first semester. (2:30)
Jim began working a job at a hardware store. In 1966 he realized he would probably be drafted,
instead he enlisted in the army to be a helicopter pilot. (3:00)

Basic training (3:30)
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Jim attended basic training at Fort Polk, Louisiana (3:30)
There were about 150 men in his training company. Of that, approx 12 men had high school
diplomas. (3:50)
Jim was flown from Pennsylvania to Texas. They were then sent on a prop air plane to Fort Polk,
Louisiana. (5:01)
The men were then sent to the reception where the men did KP and were issued uniforms.
(6:37)
Jim’s experience in Catholic grade school helped him adjust to the discipline of the military.
(7:35)
Jim was in Fort Polk in late May of 1966. He was sent to Fort Jackson South Carolina for
Advanced Infantry Training (AIT). (9:30)
After completing AIT Jim was made a drill sergeant while waiting to be sent to OCS. (10:07)
There were 5 platoons set up in Jim’s company during basic, each having 3 drill sergeants.
(12:02)
Jim was one of the only members in his training outfit that was from above the Mason-Dixon
line. (12:46)
Less than 10% of the training outfit was black. (14:04)
The black soldiers seemed to like to segregate themselves from the other soldiers while in the
field. (14:48)
Fort Polk was specialized for Vietnam combat even as early as the summer of 1966. (16:00)
The AIT consisted of weapons training that trained on more than just the M1 [M14?] rifle.
(16:31)
There were more people from the north during the advanced training than in basic. (18:33)
Quite a few of the men training Jim had already served in Vietnam. (19:29)
Basic and AIT lasted 8 weeks each. (20:35)

Advanced OCS at Fort Benning, Georgia (21:02)

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OCS [Officer Candidate School] was a 6 month program and was used to make many officers in a
short period of time. (21:21)
The men repainted their platoon area every month. The soldiers had to purchase the paint
themselves. (22:23)
Jim was the youngest man in his company by 3 years. Most men had a college degree who Jim
was training with. (23:22)
Jim finished in the top 10% of his class. (24:24)
Jim was given a commission but he initially didn’t take it because he was 19 and needed to be 21
to be an officer. (25:30)
When Jim was sent to his division he was still shy of 20 but looked 15. Because of this, the men
didn’t believe he was an officer. (26:30)
There was tactical and field training. Jim thought this was easier than being on base becase
there was actually less to do there. (28:12)
The men had spit shine floors and their things were set for inspection. The men tried very hard
never to walk on the floor. (28:50)
In the spring of 1967 all the men in OOCS were hoping for something else but expected
Vietnam. (31:14)
Jim completed OCS on April 25th 1967 and was sent to jump school at Fort Benning, Georgia,
after being assigned to the 101st Airborne Division. (31:35)
The program lasted 3 weeks; Ground week, tower week, jump week. (33:02)

Service in the 101st Airborne State Side (33:05)
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Jim was sent to Fort Campbell, Kentucky ,in late May of 1967 where the 101st was stationed.
(33:09)
It was announced that Jim’s battalion would be sent to West Point for the summer to aid in
practice exercises. (33:59)
The officers of the 101st were assigned to instruct graduating seniors about what it’s like to be a
platoon leader. This was problematic for Jim as he had only several weeks’ experience of being a
platoon leader. (35:17)
Jim was moved up to headquarters and informed that he was to be sent to Vietnam in
December of 1967. (37:45)
Many officers in the 101st were lost because of the Army policy that men who have already
served in Vietnam did not have to redeploy there. (38:00)
Jim was assigned to Bravo Company where he took trained mortar men and made them bush
men in the field. This service lasted from January-June of 1967. (39:41)
Jim served as platoon leader in all companies (Alpha, Bravo, Delta,) of the 2nd Battalion of the
506th (41:30)

Early Service in Vietnam (41:50)
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Jim was sent to Vietnam in a cargo aircraft. This was nice as there was often space for soldiers to
lie down. (41:55)
The cargo aboard ship needed to be weighed before being placed aboard the plane. This duty
was give to Jim. (43:51)
The aircraft left from Fort Campbell and stopped in Guam for one hour to refuel. Jim landed in
Bien Hoa. (46:11)

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There was supposed to be enough ammunition on each plane for the soldiers aboard. (46:36)
Shortly after landing most men were sent to other locations via a truck convoy to go to Phuoc
Vinh. (47:36)
Jim and his Sergeant were placed in charge of getting mules (flat topped tracked vehicles used
for moving supplies) to the base. This process took 3 days. During this time Jim found an M113
armored personal carrier and took it. (48:00)
When Jim arrived in Phuoc Vinh in December of 1967, he learned that his unit was not allowed
to have the 113. The 113 was then traded for 3 cases of beer and 3 cases of coke to another
unit. (49:55)
There was a month long in country training program given after the troops arrived. During these
training exercises, Jim was shot while practicing a squad ambush. (51:42)
15 meters of parachute cord acted as a tug line between men’s position in the company. (53:25)
After Jim was shot the platoon moved so their position would not be found. After the soldiers
moved their location was hit by mortars. (55:30)
For punishment, the man who shot Jim had to buy beers for the company. (57:08)
While traveling through the bush the men found 15 pallets of rice. The men scanned the area
and eventually engaged in a fire fight. (58:57)
There was a friendly fire casualty during this engagement. (1:00:05)
After waking up from a nap, Jim found his platoon at the air field to be moved. Though they
didn’t know it, they were being moved for the Tet Offensive (1:02:15)
The men were taken to Bien Hoa Air Base before being sent out. (1:04:22)

The Tet Offensive (1:05:00)
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The men could see green tracers, a sigh of enemy fire, once landing in Bien Hoa. (1:05:40)
On base, all the men’s weapons were locked in a storage locker. (1:06:39)
Some aircraft were destroyed but not many. (1:07:37)
After the firing ceased, Jim and his platoon were sent to Bien Hoa village to flush out any enemy
troops. (1:09:07)
The clearing of the village was a very difficult 3 days. 10 casualties were taken. (1:10:40)
One of his men needed to be medevaced because he had shot himself as the result of a joke
with another soldier. Jim was asked to write up the citation for the Silver Star which enraged
him and did not write him a good citation. (1:11:50)
At this time the men were not engaging Vietcong. (1:14:40)
Often rifle companies had less than 100 men in them often companies had as low as 60. There
was a 5:1 wounded to kill ratio. (1:15:25)
As a platoon leader, many men did not like that they had to go into the danger to solve what
was occurring. (1:16:24)
In the summer of 1968 Jim and his company were engaging enemy left over from the Tet
Offensive. A third of the company’s casualties came from this summer. (1:17:31)
Jim believes that the reason the press took the Tet Offensive so poorly was that it was the first
time that the media has ever seen real combat up close. (1:18:00)
Jim does believe that he was on “the right side” of history in terms of what he did as a soldier.
Many of the Vietnamese did not understand the concept of a citizen. (1:20:17)
After 2 weeks in Bien Hoa the division was moved North and then to the central highlands of the
country where they spent approx. 1 month. (1:23:30)

�Service in Cu Chi (1:24:31)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

•
•
•
•

Jim's Platoon was then moved to Cu Chi where they served under the 23rd Infantry division.
There were a lot of booby traps in the area.
Often when booby traps were triggered there was no time to react. This was psychologically
stressful to the soldiers. (1:25:26)
Often the enemy fired upon the platoon in defense. They often didn’t engage U.S. soldiers as
they were aware of the superiority of their fire power. (1:27:00)
Often villages they encountered around Cu Chi had signs of being used for VC bases. Many had
large surplus of rice, thought to be used to feed VC. (1:28:31)
The Vietnamese civilians were afraid of the U.S. solders. Often solders tried to help the poor
civilians who had very poor living conditions. (1:30:00)
He was made a Recon Platoon leader in June of 1968 (1:33:35)
A normal field uniform did not have any patches. This was because when showers were set up,
men would give their uniform to the quartermaster to be washed, take a shower, and then
when exiting the shower, were given washed uniform that were not the ones they turned in.
(1:35:12)
When the rainy season started the river flooded, which flooded the camp with manure. This
resulted in many men getting sick. The barracks did collapse because of the rain. (1:37:34)
The new Brigade Commander came to visit Jim’s platoon from the fire base. When he did, Jim
was yelled at for not having a “proper” uniform. (1:39:20)
Jim went to the hospital in Cu Chi. While visiting the hospital, Jim visited the officer’s club. He
talked with several nurses at the club. It was clear they were ignorant as to what Jim’s world was
like in the field. (1:41:31)
Jim was in the Cu Chi area from mid June to late August of 1968. Then he was sent to be placed
under the control of the 101st Airborne. (1:43:40)

Life in Vietnam (1:44:20)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

The men were transported in a C-123. No men had seats. (1:44:20)
Jim and his unit was moved into Camp Evans while the 1st Cavalry moved to Phuoc Vinh
(1:45:00)
The men were then sent into the mountains where the soldiers often cuddled together for
warmth. (1:46:30)
Jim was the only man to finish an entire year of service in the field being Lieutenant of the 2nd of
the 506th. (1:48:05)
The men serving over Jim were often rotated out just as men in the field were. (1:48:50)
On one assignment the men were kept in a company as opposed to a platoon. (1:50:55)
There was some prostitution while in central Vietnam however it was less common as they
moved north. (1:53:32)
He heard of one [Vietnamese?] man who paid $10,000 for his position. Jim was an idealist at the
time and came to sense that corruption was common with in the military. (1:54:10)
Drugs, primarily Marijuana, were a problem. He had one soldier who used drugs while in a
security position. When this man was being transported later on, he jumped out of the
helicopter at 300 feet. (1:55:18)
Problems associated with drug use were much more prevalent in the rear. (1:57:07)

�•

When the men arrived in country, morale was high. By summer, morale was low, due in part to
the loss of more experienced soldiers. (1:57:26)

End of First year in Country (1:58:37)
•
•
•

He left Vietnam on December 7th 1968. (1:59:40)
Jim was engaged before he left. When he returned they got married on December 26th 1968.
(2:01:34)
He didn’t see any protesters upon his return. He did fly in civilian clothes however because it
was more comfortable. (2:02:37)

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                    <text>Grand Valley State University
Veterans’ History Project
Jim Roach
Vietnam War
Part 3 &amp; 4
1 hour 51 minutes 7 seconds
(00:00:18) Early Life
-Got back from his first tour on December 6, 1968
-Got married on December 26, 1968
-Didn‟t have any personal experience with harassment from protestors
-Family was neither for, nor against, the war
-Moved to Fort Dix, New Jersey with his wife
-Assigned to an advanced infantry training company as a trainer
-Didn‟t particularly respect some of his superior officers there
(00:02:43) Redeployment to Vietnam
-Knew that he would have to go back to Vietnam if he stayed in the Army
-Wanted to get out of Fort Dix
-Wanted to get his second tour over with
-Volunteered for a second tour to Vietnam after about three or four months of being home
-Had deployment orders within forty eight hours
-Wife wasn‟t happy, but understood the reasoning
(00:04:11) Arrival in Vietnam for Second Tour
-In June 1969 he returned to Vietnam
-Promoted to the rank of captain in the first part of April
-Arrived right after the major battle at Hamburger Hill
-Assigned to the 2nd Battalion, 506th Regiment, 101st Airborne Division
-Same unit that he had served in in his first tour
-A lot of the soldiers from the first tour were still there
-Assigned to an operations section
-Chance for commanders to see if he could be a competent captain
-Spent three weeks there
-Located at Firebase Airborne in the A Shau Valley
-Overlooked Warehouse 54
-Major supply staging area for the Viet Cong
(00:07:44) Conditions as Delta Company Commander
-Assigned to lead Delta Company
-Seemed to have a lot of disconnected battalion commanders
-Created frustration among the troops
-Remembers their gear being battered and nondescript
-Fatigues didn‟t have many, if any, patches and their boots were beaten and dirty
-Being an infantry soldier operating in the field meant he lived in a different reality
(00:14:10) Operating in the A Shau Valley
-During the June of 1969 the 101st Airborne Division was operating in the A Shau Valley

�-High amount of enemy activity
-Prior goal was to deny the Viet Cong access to the Laotian border
-When the monsoon came in the fall the division was poised to leave the valley
-The rains made it impossible for helicopters to get into, or out of, the valley
-Had to close down firebases for the season
-Delta Company wound up in Firebase Bastogne in September/October
-Artillery guns and most equipment had been moved out
-They lost contact with the rear during their time there
-Radios didn‟t have the range to reach the rear
-Left cut off and vulnerable to enemy attacks
-Fire team (4 or 5 troops) was sent out a mile with a radio to act as a radio relay
-Eventually got extracted out of the A Shau when the weather broke after about 3 or 4 days
(00:19:17) Operating in the Lowlands
-In late fall and into the winter the unit was moved to the Lowlands
-Moved up to take over from the Marines being extracted
-Operated in mountainous terrain
-Difficult to create landing zones for helicopters
-Susceptible to surprise attacks due to the predictability of their movements
-In late October they took heavy enemy mortar fire
-Got lucky because the Viet Cong missed the helicopter that was trying to land
-They took forty mortar rounds during the barrage in a very short time
-He was able to find cover and avoid the attack
-Command and control helicopter near them spotted the mortar team
-Cobra gunship helicopter was sent in and neutralized the threat
-Still lost two soldiers due to a direct mortar strike
-One of the dead men had been a good friend
(00:29:07) Conditions in the Field and Being a Commander
-Most enemy contact was brief and sporadic during the summer and the fall
-His unit was able to carry out a few successful ambushes near Camp Evans
-Not being able to see the dead bodies of the enemy was frustrating and demoralizing
-Never felt like they were making any progress
-Rare to have more than one hundred men in the field operating as a company
-Soldiers got wounded, cycled out, or killed
-Led to the men in the company forming an incredibly strong bond with each other
-During the summer and fall worked as platoons
-Way of looking for the enemy more effectively
-Sometimes groups as small as squads (10 or fewer men) were sent out on patrols
-Stressful being a company commander
-Had to maintain a balance between being an Army leader and being a comrade
-Had to act according to military protocol, but also with a level of humanity
-After a short time sent to China Beach
-Navy fuel depot on the coastline
-Spent two weeks there providing security and resting
-Had a responsibility to keep the men in his command alive
(00:37:47) Deployment to Camp Evans
-In late November 1969 he was rotated out of being Delta‟s company commander

�-Part of the Army‟s rotation schedule
-Sent to Brigade Headquarters to be an Assistant Brigade Officer (major) at Camp Evans
-He was rapidly cycled out of the field after training his replacement
-Worked in the 3rd Brigade Tactical Operations Center at Camp Evans
-Worked there for a few months
(00:40:30) Assignment to Charlie Company 3rd of the 187th
-Charlie Company 3rd of the 187th commander was being rotated out of the field
-He was selected to be the replacement
-He was flown into Phong Dien in early February 1970
-He was first hand witness to a scandal involving an allegedly gay commander at Phong Dien
(00:45:50) Leading Charlie Company
-Started to notice a lot of activity around Firebase Ripcord during this time
-Placed in command of Charlie Company of the 3rd of the 187th of the 101st Airborne Division
-Found out that Delta Company had been a better company to lead
-Delta had been organized and cooperative
-Found that Charlie Company was argumentative and disorganized
-Engrained in the personality of the company
-Further found out that a breakdown in communication with base camp led to inefficiency
(00:50:20) Problems in Charlie Company
-Racial tensions were a problem in Charlie Company
-Black soldiers wanted to work as a group and not with the company as a whole
-Had a lot of “shake n‟ bake” sergeants during his second tour
-Rapidly trained, non-career officers
-Tried to change the company by leading by example
-Didn‟t want to force change within the company
-Losing the battalion commander to a Viet Cong attack led to a further lack of communication
-New battalion commander was out of touch with the soldiers on the ground
-Had problems with marijuana
-More of a problem in the base camps and in the cities
-Easily accessed due to exposure to the Vietnamese populace
(01:01:55) In the Field with Charlie Company (may have to split into two parts)
-Not wholly aware of the situation around Firebase Ripcord
-Knew there was enemy activity in the area and in the mountains
-Operated in that area
-Worked primarily around Firebase Rakkasan
-Primary focus was the pacification of the Phong Dien Province
-Trying to work with the Vietnamese civilians against the Viet Cong
-Providing security and support for the South Vietnamese military
-Led to him noticing a lot of corruption within the South Vietnamese Army
-Officers paying for their assignments and ranks
-Large black market
-Searched villages in the area
-Noticed personal conflicts flaring up between the Vietnamese
-Worked with Viet Cong defectors that were working as translators
-There was a high amount of Viet Cong attacks in the area
-Remembers an operation north of Camp Evans

�-Created ambush for advancing Vietnamese forces
-Abandoned ambush because a sergeant fell and impaled his butt on bamboo
-Remembers being on the demilitarized zone during the monsoon season
-Rain made the low temperatures feel even colder
-Had to huddle and sleep together for warmth
(01:15:46) End of Second Tour and Deployment to Fort Benning
-His second tour ending in June 1970
-Went home and bought a car and drove to Fort Benning, Georgia
-Spent six months in the Battalion and Brigade Operations Division
-Worked with his commander from his first tour
-Consisted of a lot of reading
-Went into the advanced course in December 1970 which lasted nine months
-After the advanced course was selected for Biological and Nuclear Targeting Officer Course
-Focus was on studying the potential effects of a biological or nuclear attack on an area
(01:18:18) U.S. Army Rangers
-Went to Ranger School after the Biological &amp; Nuclear Targeting Officer Course
-Graduated with honors
-Attributes that to the infantry experience he already had
-Got assigned to the Fort Benning Ranger Department
-TAC (Training, Advising, and Counseling) Officer
-Focus was on training small unit tactics more precisely and meticulously
-Originally “small unit tactics” was a vague phrase and fluid concept
-His job was to make it more specific
-Had to introduce training standards by which to base training off of
-Had a difficult time introducing the concept to Ranger Schools
-He was placed in charge of reducing the dropout rate and getting it down from 30%
-Found a correlation between poor physical test scores and dropout rate
-Tried to give the soldiers more physical training
-It only made them more tired and led to more soldiers washing out
-Having the enlistment option didn‟t help with the dropout rate
-People could enlist directly into the Rangers without doing any time in the regular Army
-This led to the dropout rate soaring to 85%
-Spent four years working in the Ranger Department at Fort Benning
(01:27:43) College at St. Martin’s
-Began attending college classes at night in 1975
-During 1973 and 1974 the military was being downsized
-Wanted to be prepared in the event of being discharged
-Went to St. Martin‟s College
-Afraid of failing out of college like he had before
-Focused and was motivated this time around
-Got on the dean‟s list
-Graduated in 1976
-Being twenty nine years old he noticed a lot of the immaturity in the freshmen
(01:31:45) Special Forces School
-After St. Martin‟s College he went to Special Forces Training at Fort Bragg, North Carolina
-Graduated with honors

�-Attributes that again to experience he had in the infantry and in the Rangers
(01:32:25) Bad Tolz, Germany
-Sent to Bad Tolz, Germany
-Coveted assignment
-One officer offered to trade his Corvette for the assignment
-Located south of Munich
-Learned to ski when he was in Germany
-Worked with senior noncommissioned officers from WWII
-Worked with displaced persons (refugees) that were serving in the military for citizenship
-Conducted cross border recon and intelligence missions
-Spent three and a half years in Bad Tolz
(01:35:45) Reserve Officers’ Training Corps and Marine Corps Staff College
-After Bad Tolz he returned to the States and worked with the ROTC in Springfield, Missouri
-Small town in southwest Missouri
-Enjoyed his time there
-While working with the ROTC he was selected for a Command and Staff College position
-Got sent to the Marine Corps Staff College
-Eventually graduated from there
(01:40:25) Latin American Deployments
-After the Marine Corps Staff College he was selected for an assignment in Spain
-Started learning Spanish through the Defense Language Institute in Monterrey
-After only two months the program was shut down
-Wanted an assignment in a Spanish speaking country and was sent to Panama
-Worked through Southern Command out of Florida
-After Panama he was sent to El Salvador and stayed there from 1984-1986
-Served as 1st Salvadoran Brigade advisor, Strategic Security advisor
-Served as a part of an Operational Planning and Training Team
-Able to live with his family during his time in El Salvador
-Primary goal was to train the Salvadorans how to improve their military
-Had to work with limited defense funds
-Was able to increase the defense fund but noticed an increase in corruption
-Later learned that one Salvadoran officer was a kidnapping kingpin
-Salvadoran officers didn‟t treat the Salvadoran enlisted men well
-Officers were from the city and the enlisted men were from the country
(01:46:00) Other Work in Latin America
-Worked as a trainer and gathering intelligence in Colombia out of the US Embassy
-Did that job for nine years
-Also worked in Peru and in Mexico
-Mexico was a mess and incredibly hard to deal with
-For the last two years of his job he worked in Afghanistan
-Worse than trying to work in Mexico
(01:47:20) Other Army Assignments
-After El Salvador he was assigned to the 2nd Battalion 1st Group in South Korea
-Had three exercises a year in South Korea
-After that he went to the War College
-He wound up being selected to serve in the „Secret Army‟ of Northern Virginia

�-Highly secretive Special Forces group tied to the CIA
-Served with them as a deputy commander
-Wanted to get a deployment to a Spanish speaking region
-Given a position personally by General Thurman from the Pentagon
-Special position for Spanish speaking officers
-Later worked as a defense attaché in Colombia
-Picked to be a Special Forces Group Commander
-Slated for the 10th Group in Europe
-Wound up in the 7th Group in Fort Bragg, North Carolina instead
-Served as the Director for Doctrine and Training

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                  <text>Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222)</text>
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              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                  <text>In Copyright</text>
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                  <text>RHC-222</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner &amp; Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. </text>
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                <text>Merrill_1931-9_001</text>
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                <text>1931-08-27</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Road blockade between Salida and Denver</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Delta from side creek at road blockade between Salida and Denver, Colorado. In the foreground, two automobiles are parked on the roadway, and in the distance behind a small hill the top of a steam locomotive is visible. </text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Colorado</text>
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                <text> Landscapes</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="921433">
                <text>Automobiles</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222)</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>In Copyright</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives</text>
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