83 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/7ea1f487cd559642e3958c17b3609bf3.mp4 703c878ee0e4b709211271773238748a https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ff3c1034cea66de9280693cd75d9d9d0.pdf 1c6b14d333a7ea7b48b11f46301ea107 PDF Text Text GrandValleyStateUniversity Veteran’s History Project Operation Enduring Freedom Eric Beard Interview Total Time:  (00:30) Born on May 8th, 1979 in LansingMichigan  (00:56) Was an athlete in high school  (1:08) Graduated from Western Michigan University o Joined military afterwards to pay for student loans and save money for graduate school  (1:25) Mr. Beard’s father served in the National Guard, also had some uncles who served  (2:00) Before that, joining the army was never something he thought about  (2:25) He was stationed in New York, there was lots of training in the woods o At the time, they didn’t know if they were going to Iraq or Afghanistan o Prepared them for both settings  (3:00) Also did training in Ft. PolkLouisiana  (3:19) Mr. Beard’s job was Forward Artillery Observer o Learned how to call for more fire  (3:44) Says that basic training did a great job at getting people in shape o Says that when you’re overseas, there is so much work to do that sometimes people don’t realize if they’re tired or hungry, etc. o Lost 20 pounds overseas  (4:15) Served at Ft. DrumNew York o It was cold there o Also did a tour in Afghanistan  (4:30) It was 2003 when Mr. Beard went to Afghanistan �o At first, it was “seek and destroy,” o Did patrols to keep the Taliban and Al Qaeda away from the villages so they could set up their own government o Took supplies to villages, paid for wells to be dug  (5:13) Went on 1-3 patrols a day o Could last an hour to three days o Remembers working 40 + hours straight o Didn’t see a lot of action o Says the Afghan people were trustworthy and nice o Some people did have ties to the Taliban and Al Qaeda and they figured this out after a while  (6:03) It was difficult to communicate with family back home when overseas o There was a small outpost on the Pakistani border o Remembers calling his fiancé at the time o Received care packages   Companies, random people and families  They couldn’t use all of it, so they gave it to local people (7:15) Had 4 days of R&R o Says that he really didn’t want to be there; wanted to be with the rest of his unit o Drank nonalcoholic beer that was brought to them o Ate a goat one day  (8:30) Became close with the men he served with o Says they were fortunate not to have anyone die in their unit o Once they went back to the states, it became hard to stay in touch  (9:09) Remembers getting chased by a herd of camels when they were in a valley  (10:30) Met Lara Logan and Geraldo Rivera o When they were taking them somewhere, they hit a land mine o The 2nd vehicle in line hit it, but it was a smaller rocket �  Tore off a wheel, tipped on the side but everyone was okay (12:27) Says an area he was in was governed by tribal people; warlords, etc. o Was hard to tell who was good or bad o They were in one of their houses one morning, they seemed to be building a good relationship w/them o Came back at dusk and the people who they had tea with in the morning ambushed them  (13:26) Went back to the base on New Year’s Eve o They went back and arrested every male in the village  (13:45) Says he didn’t care about medals, etc., was in the military for three years o The one he did keep was from Colonel Garrett, given by a team leader in the army o The team leader went back to Afghanistan in 2006 and was killed trying to save one of the guys in his unit  (14:59) It was easy to readjust to civilian life in some ways, but in others, it wasn’t o Felt invincible; got a lot of attention o Had a bit of shell shock o Felt weird not to be carrying a gun all the time o Went back to normal in 1-2 years  (16:00) Currently works for GE, who is a company that supports veterans o A few years ago he was part of a VFW � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BeardE1199V Title A name given to the resource Beard, Eric (Interview outline and video), 2011 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beard, Eric Description An account of the resource Eric Beard is from Lansing, Michigan. He enlisted in the Army after college and trained in Ft. Drum and Ft. Polk, and spent time in Ft. Drum before going overseas. He served as an E4 in Afghanistan for 10 months. He and his unit patrolled villages and made sure the Taliban and Al Qaeda did not interfere with the Afghanis setting up their own government. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Thelen, Hannah (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings United States. Army Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011-05-20 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/dc22a6fa7d853958cad3e73e3276e44b.pdf 0f7ab8a2db617a7d83ed96caa4f0c9a2 PDF Text Text KONINKLIJK BESLUIT VAN 29 DECEMBER 1980, NUMMER 104 WIJ BEATRIX, BIJ DE GRATIE GODS, KONINGIN DER NEDERLANDEN, PRINSES VAN ORANJE-NASSAU, ENZ. ENZ. ENZ. Op de voordracht van Onze Minister van Binnenlandse Zaken, Directoraat Generaal Binnenlands Bestuur, Afdeling Kabinetszaken, van 23 december 1980, nr. BK80/U2217 ; mede namens Onze Ministers van Defensie en van Cultuur, Recreatie en Maatschappelijk Werk; overwegende, dat het wenselij k is, een onderscheiding in te stellen ter gelegenheid van de 35-jarige herdenking van de bevrijding voor deelnemers aan het verzet in de Tweede Wereldoorlog tegen de bezetters van het grondgebied van het Koninkrijk; HEBBEN GOEDGEVONDEN EN VERSTAAN: Artikel 1. Er wordt een herinneringsteken ingesteld, dat de naam zal dragen van "Verzetsherdenkingskruis" . Artikel 2. 1. Het Verzetsherdenkingskruis wordt toegekend aan: a. een ieder die behoorde tot een in het Koninklijk besluit van 5 september 1944 Stb. E62 genoemde erkende verzetsgroep of tot een andere bij de Buitengewone Pensioenraad dar\ wel de Stichting 1940-1945 bekende verzetsgroep. b. een ieder die blijkens een beschikking van de Buitengewone Pensioenraad als deelnemer aan het verzet in de zin van de Wet buitengewoon pensioen 1940-1945 is of wordt erkend, ongeacht of hij/zij al dan niet in het genot is van-een pensioen krachtens deze wet. c. een ieder aan wie met toepassing van de Wet verbetering rechtspositie verzetsmilitairen (wet van 20 januari 1976, Stb. 19) onder de wapenen doorgebrachte tijd is toegekend. d. de militairen die hebben behoord tot de Nederlandse Binnenlandse Strijdkrachten in bezet gebied (ingevolge artikel 2, Se lid van de Wet verbetering rechtspositie verzetsmilitairen). e. een ieder, die tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog in Oost-Azië op door Japan bezet gebied of Japans gebied aan naar het oordeel van het betreffende comité, bedoeld in artikel 4, als verzet tegen de vijand aan te merken handelingen heeft deelgenomen. f. een ieder die, niet vallende onder de bepalingen van a. tot en met e., naar het oordeel van het comité als bedoeld in artikel 4, eveneens als verzetsdeelnemer kan worden beschouwd. 2. Toekenning zal niet geschieden aan degene die zich tijdens de bezetting van het Koninkrijk uit Nederlands nationaal oogpunt beschouwd onwaardig heeft gedragen. Artikel 3. Toekenning kan posthuum geschieden. Artikel 4. De toekenning geschiedt door een voor het voormalig verzet representatief te achten comité, waarvan samenstelling en werkwijze bij ministerieel besluit van Onze Ministers van Binnenlandse Zaken, van Defensie en van Cultuur, Recreatie en Maatschappelijk Werk worden geregeld. �Artikel 5. De vormgeving van het in artikel 1 bedoelde versiersel en het daaraan verbonden lint wordt nader door Ons bepaald. Artikel 6. 1. Het is de begiftigde vergund het kruis dan wel het lint alleen te dragen. 2. Het is degene die gerechtigd is tot het dragen van het herdenkingskruis vergund het kruis van verkleind model te dragen. 3. Het kruis of lint kan op het militaire uniform gedragen worden . Artikel 7. Bij de toekenning van het herdenkingskruis ontvangt de begiftigde een op naam gestelde oorkonde. Artikel 8. Dit besluit treedt in werking met ingang van 31 december 1980. Onze Ministers van Binnenlandse Zaken, van Defensie en van Cultuur, Recreatie en Maatschappelijk Werk zijn, ieder voor zover hem betreft, belast met de uitvoering van dit besluit, dat in het Staatsblad zal worden geplaatst en waarvan afschrift zal worden gezonden aan de Kanselier der Nederlandse Orden. Lage Vuursche, 29 december 1980. BEATRIX De Minister van Binnenlandse Zaken , H. WIEGEL Bijlage, behorende bij de in artikel 7 van bovenvermeld Koninklijk besluit bedoelde oorkonde. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_AWD_1980-12-29-Resistance-Remembrance-Cross-from-Queen-Beatrix-471 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980-12-29 Title A name given to the resource Royal Decision of 29 December 1980, Number 104 Description An account of the resource Royal Decision by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands to award the Resistence Memorial Cross to members of the 1940-1945 Foundation resistance group and others. In Dutch. Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands -- Awards Royal ordinances Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">No Known Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource nl Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9d5619fc1444969767965b29962d0a35.m4v d0f8d5eb89e0763faaf720e49f9d5ec1 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/349ecdcc4e704ade570b24383d2f8ff7.pdf a60e45b102a113cf72bcf4f7f9407526 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans' History Project Dwight Becker World War II 56 minutes 32 seconds (00:00:21) Early Life -Born in Grandville, Michigan on March 25, 1924 -Grew up in Grandville -Attended Grandville High School and graduated from there in 1942 -Went to Grand Rapids Junior College (now Community College) in the fall of 1942 -Father was an automotive mechanic -Had his own garage -Helped his father in the summers -Able to keep the garage and work during the Great Depression -People would pay his father with food because it was more available than money -Had two younger brothers, one younger sister, and one older sister -As of 2015 all of his siblings are deceased -Both brothers served in the military after the war as part of the Army of Occupation (00:02:02) Start of the War -On December 7, 1941 he and his future-wife were babysitting the pastor's children -He was sitting on the porch in the evening when the paper boy came down the street -Selling the newspaper and declaring that Japan bombed Pearl Harbor -Affected him because he knew he was old enough to fight and the war would be long -Came as a surprise because he hadn't paid attention to the war in Europe and Asia -Items that were essential for the war effort were rationed -Car parts were hard to get -Uncle's gas station got a machine to repair old tires because tires were rationed -Gas and sugar were rationed -Had a special sticker to put on the car's speedometer -Capped the speed limit at 35 miles per hour to conserve gas -Despite the rationing he had no trouble with travel (00:05:16) Getting Drafted -In January 1943 he received his draft notice -Went to the Grand Rapids, Michigan train depot and took a train to Rockford, Illinois -Distribution center to decide where draftees were going to be sent for basic training -Note: Most likely Camp Grant (00:06:05) Basic Training Pt. 1 -Sent to Camp Butner, North Carolina for basic training �-The 78th Infantry Division was reactivated and needed its ranks filled -Got to Camp Butner and joined the 78th Infantry Division in March 1943 -Went on maneuvres in Tennessee (00:07:14) Deployment to the European Theatre Pt. 1 -Left Camp Butner in October 1944 -Sent to Camp Pickett, Virginia then went to Camp Kilmer, New Jersey -Boarded a ship in New Jersey bound for Europe (00:07:33) Basic Training Pt. 2 -He was assigned to the Medical Corps -Wanted to be in the Motor Pool, but the Army decided he'd be in the Medical Corps -Didn't have much choice, just did what the Army told you to do -Did a lot of classwork -Anatomy classes -First aid training -Learned how to dress wounds and set broken bones -Went on marches with the infantry -It was hot in North Carolina in the summer -Received no weapons training because he was a medic -There was still a high emphasis on discipline even though he was a medic -Adjusted well to the Army -Approximately 75 perccent of the recruits were 18 to 20 years old -Most of the men were also from the Midwest -Trained at Camp Butner from March 1943 to October 1944 -Expected to help infantrymen on marches if they got hurt -Treated a lot of men that passed out during summer marches -After they passed out he would carry their rifle to help them -He was assigned to the Medical Corps of the 310th Infantry Regiment, 78th Infantry Division -Stayed with that regiment when he was deployed to Europe -Once he got overseas he was attached to D Company (mortars and machine guns) (00:12:30) Deployment to the European Theatre Pt. 2 -In October 1944 they went to Camp Pickett then up to Camp Kilmer -Boarded the USAT George Washington -A ship seized from the German Empire in 1917 and made a troop transport -Didn't run into any problems on the voyage and he didn't get seasick -Zig-zagged to avoid U-Boats -Traveled with a convoy and they were protected by destroyer escorts -Arrived at Bournemouth, England on October 26 1944 -Trained there until late November 1944 -Crossed the English Channel and landed at Le Havre, France on November 22, 1944 (00:15:25) Battle of the Bulge -Took a train to the frontline on the German border and arrived there in early December 1944 -Went into combat on December 13, 1944 -The 78th held the positions they took on the Siegfried Line for three and a half weeks �-Treated a lot of men with frozen feet and frozen toes -One night got to sleep in a captured German bunker -That same night a German mortar hit his foxhole -Had he been in the foxhole he would have died -Treated frostbitten feet by putting on more socks and rubbing the feet to promote circulation -Germans pushed toward Belgium past the 78th's position -Learned later that an SS unit was going to attack the 78th's position -Fortunately, American fighter planes attacked the SS troops and diverted their attack -German artillery bombarded their positions on a daily basis -Also watched "buzz bombs" go across the sky in the distance -Had some sporadic gunfire from German scouting parties -Sent out patrols at night to find and push back the German scouting parties -Took care of gunshot wounds -In January 1945 they finally advanced on a nearby town and made contact with the Germans -Not an easy advance -Supported by American artillery (00:23:42) Advancing into Germany Pt. 1 -In February 1945 they pressed into Germany and captured Kesternich and Schmidt -Captured the Schwammanauel Dam on February 9, 1945 -On one night he went to treat a lieutenant -Bumped into a German soldier who handed Dwight his rifle and promptly surrendered -Later in February they encountered more Germans that wanted to surrender -On one instance they got to an abandoned town -A squad of German soldiers approached the town -They were ordered to surrender or be shot -Germans dropped their rifle and surrendered without incident -Most of the German soldiers they captured were old men and young boys -Germans were trying to conscript anyone that could fight -If prisoners of war were wounded he was ordered to treat them -He treated some prisoners that had minor wounds (00:28:02) Medical Supplies -Had two canvas pouches filled with medical supplies -Bandages, tapes, sulfa powder, and tubes of morphine -Various first aid tools -Water purification tablets -Could purify water in 30 to 45 minutes (00:30:09) Advancing into Germany Pt. 2 -When they were moving into another town they were on the edge of a wooded area -American artillery was called in to bombard the town and make the advance easier -Shells fell short and hit the trees, causing the trees to explode �-Shrapnel rained down on the men, and eight or nine men in his unit were hit -Two men died, one's head was blown open and the other disemboweled -The wounded cried out for help and he had to decide who to treat first -Worst case of friendly fire he experienced -Marched toward the Rhine River and once they were close they boarded trucks -They reached the town of Remagen on March 8, 1945 and crossed the Ludendorff Bridge -Walked across the Ludendorff Bridge -Remembers seeing a tank stuck on the railroad tracks on the bridge -Bridge eventually collapsed on March 17, 1945 -Germans tried to bomb the bridge with dive bombers, but failed -Moved into the village of Erpel on the eastern side of the Rhine River -Watched Army Engineers set up the pontoon bridge that would replace the Ludendorff Bridge -Once they were across the Rhine they knew the war would end soon -German civilians stayed out of the way of American troops (00:37:21) Getting Wounded -He was wounded on April 11, 1945 -Movved to attack a town in a valley and got pinned down by German artillery -Shell exploded near him peppering a leg and his beck with shrapnel -He put sulfa powder and bandages on his leg and administered morphine -Crawled to a crater to get to a low point -Laid there for a while waiting for the stretcher bearers to get to him (00:40:03) Recovery Pt. 1 -Stretcher bearers eventually collected him and took him to an aid station -Once he was stable he was taken by ambulance to a field hospital -Field hospital was basically just a large tent -Treated for three to four days -Had to stay there until his fever went down -Knew how to cheat the thermometer to make it seem like his fever was down -Wanted to get out so they could treat the men who were hurt worse -Sent to a hospital in Oxford, England -Got there in mid-April 1945 and stayed there until the end of June 1945 -Had to get the shrapnel and dirt cleaned out of his wounds -Sent to Percy Jones Hospital in Fort Custer, Michigan -Stayed there until the end of September 1945 (00:42:50) End of the War Pt. 1 -He was in Percy Jones Hospital when Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945 -He was in Oxford when Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945 -Remembers hearing about the death of President Roosevelt while in the field hospital �-Hospital staff didn't pay much attention to it because there were more pressing matters -English were sad he was gone, but glad he lived as long as he did to help them -There were not a lot of celebrations in the hospital on VE Day, but people were happier (00:44:33) Recovery Pt. 2 -Recovery consisted of rehabilitative exercise at Percy Jones Hospital -Took a mechanical drawing class while recovering at Percy Jones -Allowed to go home on the weekends to visit his girlfriend and his family -Concerned that once he was healed he would be reassigned to a unit and sent to the Pacific (00:46:01) End of the War Pt. 2 -Remembers that VJ Day was a big day at Percy Jones Hospital -People poured into the streets and celebrated the end of the war -People honked their car horns and church bells rang out (00:46:26) End of Service & Life after the War -He was discharged on September 26, 1945 at Fort Custer -He got a job at the General Motors factory on 36th Street in Grand Rapids, Michigan -Worked in the tool and die sector -Worked there for three months then the workers went on strike -Father opened Becker Automotive Supply, an automotive parts store, in Grandville, Michigan -They also had a machine shop -Left GM and worked at his father's store -He and his brothers took over the business when their father died -He took over the machine shop in 1980 -Rebuilt engines and worked on crank shafts -Retired when he was 72 years old (circa 1996) (00:50:01) Talons Out Honor Flight -Went on the Talons Out Honor Flight in May 2015 -Enjoyed it very much -Went to Gerald Ford International Airport at 5:30 AM and had breakfast with the other veterans -Sent off by civilians and serving servicemen/women -Flew to Washington D.C. and got greeted by more people when they landed -Went through D.C. on a chartered bus and had a police escort through the city -Got to see the World War II Memorial and met Senator Bob Dole -Had dinner in a field in a mess tent set up by the Army -When they returned to Grand Rapids they were greeted by people at the airport -Went to East Kentwood High School for a final ceremony -Escorted to East Kentwood High School by the police and Freedom Riders -Greeted and thanked for their service by 4,000 people at East Kentwood (00:55:16) Reflections on Service -It was an experience he will never forget -Feels that his time in the Army forced him to mature quickly -Couldn't imagine his own children fighting in the war when they were in their late teens �-Believes it was a good experience and that he learned a lot � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_BeckerD1878V Title A name given to the resource Becker, Dwight Wendell (Interview outline and video), 2015 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-08-17 Description An account of the resource Dwight Becker was born in Grandville, Michigan on March 25, 1924. He received his draft notice in January 1943 and reported for service in March 1943. He went to Camp Grant, Illinois and was assigned to Camp Butner, North Carolina for basic training and medical training. He was assigned to the Medical Corps in the 310th Infantry Regiment of the 78th Infantry Division. He trained at Camp Butner until October 1944 when the 78th went to Camp Pickett, Virginia then Camp Kilmer, New Jersey where they boarded the USAT George Washington and sailed for the European Theatre. They arrived in England on October 26, 1944 and trained there until they went to France on November 22, 1944. He was attached to D Company and they took up positions on the Siegfried Line in early December 1944. He treated wounded soldiers and wounded prisoners of war during the Battle of the Bulge, the crossing of the Rhine River, and the advance into Germany. On April 11, 1945 he was wounded and after being stabilized in Europe he returned to the United States in June 1945. He recovered at Percy Jones Hospital in Fort Custer, Michigan and was discharged from the Army at Fort Custer on September 26, 1945. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Becker, Dwight Wendell Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jones, Adam (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Moving Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/x-m4v application/pdf https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1e357bf75a3e348dd45b36c1854408a9.mp4 9de8d771cad0d9d67f6a0e52d3fecf78 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/43f59a3b862344c44f37e1d7f30738ac.pdf c7d523302be92886bb3f07f33c81f77d PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veteran’s History Project Bob Becker (48:54) Background Information (00:14) • • • • • Born in Illinois in 1944. He had 4 bothers (00:15) His father was a plant manager. His plant built tanks during World War II and for this reason he was never drafted. (00:25) Bob graduated high school and then attended North Central College in Illinois. (00:50) Bob played softball often in his teenage years. (1:26) Bob was recruited by the Air Force. He was influenced to make this decision by a softball umpire. (1:45) Overview of Service (2:00) • • • • • • • Bob went to Lackland Air Force Base for his training. (2:00) He played on the Air Force softball team while serving. (2:45) Most competitors were civilian teams. (3:14) Bob was 22 when he entered the military in 1966. (3:40) He did manage to serve on the base newspaper after mentioning that he wanted to continue with journalism. (4:25) When Bob attended the Air Force Academy after basic training he worked on the newspaper there in the Sports information department. He attended all the football games for this job. (5:00) Bob was close with his training instructor as he played alongside him in softball. (5:37) Basic Training (6:34) • • • • • • • Bob was older than most of the other men he served alongside. He did adjust to basic better than most of the other men, primarily do to the connections that he had on the softball team. (7:00) Training was disciplined and structured but not too intense. Often the man had some times at the end of each day that was free. This was used mostly for general socializing and to complete tasks like shining shoes. (8:27) The recruits often had to perform task like cut grass. (9:00) Often times the men would be ask if they played any spots when they arrived on base. If they did they would often be placed on a base team at Lackland. (10:00) For transportation the softball team had its own plane. The men traveled and competed in tournaments in an attempt to build good will with the general public. (11:49) As a result of Bob’s impressive softball performance he was picked by the Air Force Academy with 6 other recruits to play for their team. (12:51) Training lasted 12 weeks. (13:57) Service at the Air Force Academy (14:10) �• • • • • • • • • • Bob was reassigned to the base newspaper at the Academy. (14:18) Bob was very aware of all the things that were happening in the country around 1968.(16:31) The general feeling among soldiers that Bob knew was that if they were going to be involved in Vietnam they wanted to “fight it”, not go there and have their hands tied by restrictions. (17:20) While traveling around with the softball team, they rarely ran into protesters. (19:20) Bob does believe that the attempt for the military to build good will with the people through the softball team was successful. (20:23) The team had 4 African Americans and 1 Hispanic player. (22:02) Bob was very impressed with the young men that he served with in the Air Force. (23:23) While traveling with the softball team the men stayed at an Army post and where harassed a little bit by soldiers. (25:00) Bob spent more time around high ranking officers than he did around cadets like himself. (26:28) He recalls that one of the cadets at the Air Force Academy the cadets managed to take an officer’s desk and set it up on a hill outside as a prank. (28:10) Work on the Base Newspaper (29:00) • • Bob had to cover the Olympic team that trained on the base. (29:10) He considered working in public relations and serving in Vietnam. (30:49) Life after Service (31:20) • • • • • • • • • • • After returning from service Bob began working at the Beacon News in Illinois and played for a softball team. (31:20) Bob began working in Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1977. (31:49) Once he was done working for the news paper he went to join the Honor Guard. (32:00) He was Sergeant in Arms for the United States Veterans Council. (33:19) Bob set up a mail call program where men received letters form civilians and school children thanking veterans for their service. (35:00) He found that the efforts that Bob took to recruit men into veterans programs often encouraged others to talk about their service. (37:33) He organized an honor flight to bring World War II veterans to Washington to see the memorial there. He recalls while visiting Baltimore, there were 150 people to greet the veterans and a military unit that stood at attention. (40:00) The men also had the chance to meet Senator Bob Dole. (41:40) Bob tried but was unsuccessful with getting a corporate sponsor. (44:35) He thinks that time has changed. He sees civilians and families of veterans often who fail to dress up for services and do not have the respect of standing for taps. This may be due to ignorance of military procedures. (45:45) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BeckerB1386V Title A name given to the resource Becker, Robert (Interview outline and video), 2012 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Becker, Robert Description An account of the resource Bob Becker, born in Illinois in 1944, enlisted in the U.S. Air Force in 1966 during the Vietnam War. While training at Lackland Air Force Base, Bob was recruited on to the base softball team. He traveled often with the team playing in tournaments against both military and civilian teams. He was then transferred to the Air Force Academy softball team and reassigned to the base newspaper. Here he covered sports stories including Air Force football games and the training of the 1968 Olympic team. After being discharged Bob continued his career in journalism working in sport in Grand Rapids Michigan and became very involved with veterans organization. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Kentwood Historic Preservation Commission (Kentwood, Mich.) WKTV WKTV (Wyoming, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings United States. Air Force Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-06-28 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/7525427ed1e0e5af192e06b84d5eecda.pdf 243f82f9573b1a159d1ee274fee54e9d PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Afghan War William Becker Length of interview: (10:48) (00:20) Early Life    (00:20) Born on June 6, 1988 in Hoffman Estates, Illinois (00:30) His father was an accountant and his mother was in sales (00:40) Before joining the service, he was attending college for an associate’s degree in engineering sciences (00:45) Joining the Service         (00:48) He was inspired to enter the service by his grandparents who served during World War II and two uncles that served in Vietnam (1:09) William joined the military because college wasn’t going according to plan. He chose the Marine Corps because he wanted to fight with the best. (1:30) In January of 2008, he spent three months in boot camp, from there they went to Marine Combat Training for one month (1:55) When he was in boot camp, he completed the final test (the Crucible) with a sprained ankle. The drill instructors said that he had more heart than most Marines that went through training. (2:30) William was trained in fire support; his job was to call in mortar and naval gun fire. (3:00) Adapting to military life was difficult at first but he eventually got used to it. The barracks they had were very nice. William was stationed in California at the Twenty-Nine Palms Marine Base. (3:40) Since he was stationed in the middle of a desert, having a social life was difficult if you didn’t have a vehicle (4:05) William was deployed to Afghanistan twice (4:08) First Deployment     (4:08) During his first tour, he stopped in Germany as well as an air base in Kyrgyzstan where he spent several weeks. From Kyrgyzstan he was sent to Helmand Province in Afghanistan. (4:30) His job was to go out with an eight man team for several weeks to a month and report on suspicious activity. If they saw anything, they were to call in mortar support. (5:10) If he wasn’t on patrol, William was on guard duty at his base or helping the one cook that they had make food. (5:30) His job was often difficult because he had to watch his friends fight the enemy while he observed. There were times that he felt that he couldn’t help them. �   (6:00) During Operation Cobra’s Anger, the Marines were attacking the town of Nawzad. William went into the town with a small group of Marines and reported on what was happening during the fight. He communicates regularly with the men he served with. (6:40) When he was in Afghanistan, he had occasional access to internet and phone services, which allowed him to communicate with his family. (7:00) There was little time for recreation during his first deployment. Although a TV was brought in so they could watch the Super Bowl, William was on patrol that night and was unable to watch it. (7:30) Second Deployment and Homecoming        (7:30) During his second deployment, William was stationed at Camp Leatherneck in Helmand Province. His job was to make sure that no friendly aircraft were in the air during an artillery strike. (7:55) William also guarded detainees; additionally, if someone called in with detainees ready to be picked up, William went out to get them and bring them back to base. (8:20) Returning home was strange initially. After spending months with military personnel, it was hard to get used to civilian life. (9:00) When he returned home, there was a small parade and a party at his local VFW. (9:20) Adjusting to civilian life was difficult for a while but he got used to it. (9:40) He keeps in touch with his comrades on social media and pays close attention to them because the suicide rate among veterans is very high. (10:00) The military showed him how the world works and that there really aren’t any rules. You can be killed at any moment, therefore it is crucial to live each day as if it were your last. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_BeckerW1811V Title A name given to the resource Becker, William Karl (Interview outline), 2015 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-04-25 Description An account of the resource William Becker was born on June 6, 1988 in Hoffman Estates, Illinois. He joined the United States Marine Corps and worked as an observer. William served two tours in Afghanistan, both in the Helmand Province his task was to observe firefights and call in mortar and naval gun support. The missions he took part in include Operation Cobra's Anger, which was the attack on the town of Nawzad, Afghanistan. During his second tour, William was stationed at Camp Leatherneck where he guarded detainees and continued his duties in fire support. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Becker, William Karl Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Becker, Ryan (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American United States. Marine CorpsOral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0b9a7288b165430d0753b555920f152e.pdf bc8849f4ce4e21c84a67e78092d4f5b5 PDF Text Text ' �,- COMMUNI1Y MASTER PIAN City of Marquette, Michigan Adopted May 4, 2004 Master Plan Steering Committee: Jake Guter, Chairman Jerry Irby, Mayor Dan Closner Carl Pace John lacoangeli, Beckett and Raeder, Inc. Martha Jean Ferrill Gerald Peterson, City Manager Dennis Stachewicz, Jr., City Planner Ron Sundell Bill Hetricks Pat Coleman, U.P. Engineers and Architects Planning Commission: Tom Tourville, Chairman Bruce Ventura, Vice Chairman Judy Allen Dan Closner Martha Conley Martha Jean Ferrill Gregg Seiple Ayleen Van Beynen Glenn Van Neste City Commission: Jerry Irby, Mayor Frank Sciotto, Mayor Pro-Tern Dave Carlson Don Gladwell Stu Bradley Tony Tollefson Joseph Lavey Dan Dallas, Former M . Cameron Howes, Former B R (I) Beckett&Raeder in association with ESE SSOE, Inc. U.P Engineers & Architects, Inc. Glatting, Jackson, Kercher, Anglin, Lopez, Rinehart, Inc. Walkable Communities, Inc. �- TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter One: Introduction 3 Introduction Master Plan Goals Community Overview 3 5 5 Chapter Two: Historical Overview 7 Introduction Marquette Pioneers Historic Sites 7 11 13 Chapter Three: Demographic Overview Introduction Population Trends Population Projections Age Distribution 23 23 23 25 27 Chapter Four: Natural Resources Overview Introduction Watersheds Hydrology Wetlands Woodlands Topography Steep Slopes 31 31 31 33 35 37 39 41 Chapter Five: Community Facilities Introduction Government Facilities Fire and Police Protection Water and Sanitary Service Public Education Regional Institutions Cultural Venues Recreational Parks and Open Space Chapter Six: Public Participation Strategies Introduction Methods of Public Participation Participation Results Community Visioning Results Student Workshop Results Written Survey Results Telephone Survey Results Conclusion 43 43 43 45 45 51 51 55 59 69 69 69 71 87 97 103 109 111 Chapter Seven: Economic Assessment Introduction Current Economic Profile Areas of Concern 113 113 113 119 --•--•• t �APPENDICES Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix ABCDEF- Community Survey and Results SSOE Report of Find ings Marquette Traffic Observations Walkable Communities Element Harbor Master Plan South Area Land Use Plan 280 288 314 326 327 328 MAPS Map 1.1: Marquette's Regional Location Map2 .1: Location of Historic Sites Map3.1: Distribution of Children Under Age 15 Map 3.2: Distribution of Senior Citizens Map 4.1: Regional Watersheds in the Marquette Area Map 4.2: Local Hydrology Map 4 .3: Wetland Areas Map 4.4: Woodland Vegetation Map 4.5: Local Topography Map 4.6: Steep Slopes Map 5.1: Distribution of Community Facilities Map 5.2 : Water Service Coverage Map 5.3: Hydro Pressure Districts Map 5.4: Sanitary Sewer Coverage Map 5.5: Marquette's Recreational Facilities Map 8.1: Census 2000 - Block Group Delineations Map 8.2: Neighborhood Composition Map 8.3: Historic Housing Areas Map 8.4: Housing Density within Marquette Map 8.5 : Population Density Map 8.6: Residential Housing Quality Map 8.7: Residential Parcel Site Quality Map 9.1: Marquette Street Classifications Map 9.2: Marquette's Key Transportation Corridors Map 9.3: Intersections Analyzed for Marquette Traffic Study Map 9.4: Proposed Improvements to Road Network Map 10.1: Five-minute Walk Radius from Downtown and University Map 13.1: Existing Zoning Map 13 .2: Existing Land Activity Map 13 .3: Master Land Use Plan Map 13.4: Marquette General Hospital 's Overlay Zone Map 13.5: Proposed Greenway System Map 13 .6: Future Expansion Zones Map 13.7: Areas Targeted for Development and Redevelopment Map15 .1: Sanitary Sewer System Map 15 .2: Water System Map 15.3: Roadway System Map 15 .4: Sidewalk System Map 15 .5: Sidewalk Ramp System Map 15.6: Stormwater System 4 12 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 58 132 134 136 138 140 142 144 158 160 162 184 188 222 224 226 236 238 240 242 260 262 264 266 266 268 �Chapter Eight: Neighborhood Assessment Introduction Current Neighborhood Assessment Protecting Neighborhood Quality Chapter Nine: Traffic Considerations Introduction Inventory and Analysis Current Traffic Concerns Recommendations Transportation Framework - Summary Chapter Ten: Walkability Considerations Introduction Analysis of Current Conditions Specific Walkability Suggestions Chapter Eleven: Winter City Considerations Introduction Public Perception Recommendations Chapter 1\Nelve: Waterfront Opportunities Introduction Lower Harbor Redevelopment Analysis of Water Uses Chapter Thirteen: Master Land Use Plan Introduction Existing Zoning and Land Activity Master Land Use Plan Additional Planning Tools Chapter Fourteen: Summary of Recommendations Introduction Economic Recommendations Neighborhood Recommendations Traffic Recommendations Walkability Recommendations Land Use Recommendations Summary Chapter Fifteen: Implementation Introduction Progress to Date Prioritization of Master Plan Recommendations Capital Improvement Plan Funding Sources 133 133 133 145 157 157 158 163 165 185 187 187 187 191 195 195 197 199 207 207 207 213 223 223 223 227 241 245 245 245 247 247 249 251 253 255 255 255 255 261 270 Acknowledgments 276 References 277 Marquette Master Plan - 2003 •- -•------ �FIGURES Figure 4.1: Determination of Slope Figure 5.1: Marquette General Hospital's Overlay Zoning District Figure 6.1: Areas Enjoyed and Disliked by Local Students Figure 7 .1: Trends in Employment by Industry Figure 7.2: Off-street Parking Lots in the Downtown Area Figure 7 .3: Proposed Developments for the Lower Harbor Area Figure 7.4: Design for "Roundhouse" Infill Development Figure 9.1: Example of New Kaye/ Fair Connection Figure 9.2: Example of the Seventh Street Extension Figure 9 .3: Potential Redesign for the Lakeshore Boulevard Figure 9.4: Redesigned "T" Intersection for U.S.41-Front Street Intersection Figure 9.5: Roundabout at the U.S.41-Front Street Intersection Figure 9.6: Example of McClellan Avenue Extension Figure 9.7 : Redesign of the McClellan Roadway between Washington and Fair Figure 9.8: New Design Guidelines for Marquette Roadways Figure 9.9: Options for Reducing Lanes Along McClellan Ave . Figure 9.1 O: Example of Reduced Lane Width Figure 9.11 : Proposed Alignment for Opposing Left Turn Lanes Figure 9. 12 : Example of Downtown Infill Development Figure 10.1: Bike Lanes Added to Roads w ith Excess Width Figure 11.1 : Consider Topography in the Site Design Process Figure 11 .2: Buildings Protect Parks from Prevailing Winds Figure 11 .3: Ra ised Crosswalks Help Protect Pedestrians Figure 11 .4: Buffers Protect Pedestrians from Adjacent Traffic Figure 11. 5: Berms and Vegetation Direct Snow Away from Building Entrances Figure 11.6: Vegetation Protects Outdoor Areas from Winds Figure 12 .1: Existing Uses in Upper Harbor Area Figure 12 .2: Existing Uses in Lower Harbor Area Figure 12 .3: Proposed Upper Harbor Plan Figure 12.4: Proposed Lower Harbor Plan Figure 13.2 : Example of a Conservation Subdivision Figure 13.3 : Protection of Steep Slopes 41 52 96 116 122 122 128 164 164 166 168 168 170 170 172 174 176 176 178 190 198 198 200 200 202 202 214 214 216 218 230 231 Marqu ette Master Plan - 2003 �TABLES & CHARTS Table 3.1: Historical Population Trends Table 3.2: Population Projections for Marquette Area Table 3.3: Population Projections for Marquette County Table 3.4: Age Distribution, 2000 Table 3. 5: Age Distribution, 1990 vs . 2000 Table 4 .1: Lengths of Tributaries within Marquette City Limits Table 6.1: Summary of " Preferred Futures" at each Visioning Session Table 6.2: Written Responses to Community-Related Questions Table 6.3: Written Responses to Neighborhood-Related Questions Table 6.4 : Written Responses to Transportation-Related Questions Table 6.5: Written Responses to Economic Development Questions Table 6.6: Written Responses to Housing-Related Questions Table 6.7: Written Responses to Environmental Questions Table 6.8: Telephone Responses to Community-Related Questions Table 6.9: Telephone Responses to Neighborhood-Related Questions Table 6.10: Telephone Responses to Transportation-Related Questions Table 6.11 : Telephone Responses to Economic Development Questions Table 6.12 : Telephone Responses to Housing-Related Questions Table 6.13 : Telephone Responses to Environmental Questions Table 7.1 : Marquette's Current Employment by Industry Table 7.2 : Marquette's Current Employment by Occupation Table 7.3 : Current Employment by Industry for Central UP Region Table 7 .4 : Historical Comparison of Employees by Industry Table 7.5: Unemployment Rates Table 7.6: Median Income by County Table 7.7: Median Income Within Marquette County Table 7 .8 : County of Residence for people employed in Marquette County Table 8.1 : Neighborhood Characteristics Table 8.2: Changes in Neighborhood Composition Table 8.3: Age of Housing Stock by Block Group Table 8.4: Affordability Worksheet for Marquette Neighborhoods Table 9 .1: Description of Street Classifications Table 9 .2: Level of Service Ratings Table 9.3: Intersections Analyzed Table 9.4: Roads to Consider for a Reduction in Travel Lanes Table 9.5 : Level of Service on Analyzed Intersections Table 9.6: Economic Cost of Excessive Parking Table 9.7: Suggested Improvements for Analyzed Intersections Table 11 .1: Winter Characteristics Table 11 .2: Responses Regarding Winter Likes/ Dislikes Table 11 .3: Preferred Winter Activities Table 11.4: Vegetation with Interesting Winter Characteristics Table 13 .1: Breakdown by Existing Zoning Table 13 .2: Breakdown by Existing Land Activity Table 13 .3: Breakdown by Proposed Land Use 22 25 25 27 27 33 92 102 102 104 104 104 106 108 108 108 110 110 110 113 113 114 115 116 116 116 117 133 135 137 150 159 161 163 174 175 179 182 195 197 197 203 223 225 227 • •---- ---- �Chapter One - Introduction Chapter One INTRODUCTION Resident's of the City of Marquette have long appreciated their community's abundant natural beauty, unique climate, and the high quality of life that is enjoyed here. A strong commitment by both City leaders and active community members has helped Marquette to become one of the nation's premier cities. Marquette's efforts towards continuous improvement have been rewarded through a series of national recognitions . These awards include Marquette's designation as one of "America's Most Livable Communities", its involvement in Michigan's "Cool Cities " initiative, and its receipt of the "All-American City" award . While these prestigious honors validate the community 's efforts towards improving their city, community members recognize that many challenges lie ahead, particularly in the areas of land use, traffic control, walkability, economic diversity, and protection of their natural resources . In order to best meet these challenges, the City of Marquette has undertaken a comprehensive analysis of the many facets of Marquette, that together create this community's unique way of life. The result of this analysis is reflected in the new Marquette Community Master Plan . Th is Master Plan serves as a roadmap that will help guide community leaders toward the City's desired future . The creation of this plan followed an iterative process of collecting information, analyzing these data, and determining the correct approach for the City of Marquette to take in dealing with each issue examined . One critical step in this planning process was to solicit meaningful input from local community residents . This input is essential to ensure that the resulting plan best reflects the goals and desires of Marquette's residents . The Master Plan has been organized around key community issues, as determined by City leaders and residents . The first five chapters of th is document provide an overview of Marquette including its history, demographics, community facilities, and abundant natural resources . The remainder of the document focuses on issues that were determined to be particularly important to local residents, including : • Results of the Public Participation Process • Economic Opportunities • Neighborhood Quality • Traffic Considerations • Walkability • Future Land Use The Master Plan focuses on each of these different content areas, presenting an analysis of the current conditions as well as a detailed set of recommendations for how the City should proceed in dealing with each issue . Each of these recommendations is then consolidated into a summary of action steps and a plan for implementation . Marquette Ma ster Plan - 2003 3 �11 s u E L r Ha<bor p E R 0 NT AR I 0, I 0 R ton ., ___ :A. l -~ -?-~~_...-,. ', • Sturgeon Bay t LOCAL AREA MARQUITTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN Location 0 . ~ ~ Mltt,o.r1ReQOfU~ntoryflvsHm , IJ!iC~nlUS8'.irN1j. En,,,in,nmer,U,IS:,"ltennRg_.(hlfU1.Jt111t 3 f M~es '() Map 1.1: Marquette's Regional Location 4 CANADA �Chapter One - Introduction MASTER PLAN GOALS In order to be successful, it is critical that the strategies and recommendations presented in this Master Plan support Marquette's community vision. In order to guide the development of the Master Plan, City leaders and local residents created a series of goals and objectives that reflect their desire to be North America's premier winter city. These goals helped to direct the planning process and are supported by the recommendations presented in each chapter. Our Vision : "Marquette - The premier livable / walkable winter city in North America" Master Plan Goals: • Create and Preserve Viable and Livable Neighborhoods • Develop a Historic and Diverse Downtown • Create an Efficient, Functional, and Connected Transportation System • Make Marquette a Walkable Community • Foster Economic Diversity and a Family Sustainable Workplace • Promote Marquette's all season quality of life as a premier Winter City • Protect Marquette's Natural Resources COMMUNITY OVERVIEW The City of Marquette is located in the central region of Michigan's Upper Peninsula (See Map 1.1). With a population of 20,714, it is the UP's largest community. In addition to being a population center, it serves as the regional center for education, health care, recreation, and retail. This regional draw is particularly evident due to Northern Michigan University and Marquette General Hospital, both of which are located in the City of Marquette. Marquette has a total land area of 7,385 acres and is home to a variety of valuable natural resources . Historically, the area's mineral resources attracted settlers to the region and supported a primarily resource-based economy. Other critical resources include the area's hydrology, particularly due to its location along the shoreline of Lake Superior. It also has heavily wooded areas and a hilly topography that add to its scenic charm . Today, Marquette's economy is less dependent on natural resource industries, such as mining, and is primarily focused on service industries. This is, for a large part, due to the University and Hospital's large staffing needs. In the future, Marquette hopes to broaden their economic base, creating a greater diversity of sustainable employment opportunities that they can offer their residents . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 5 �Lower Harbor Photo courtesy of Superior View 6 �Chapter Two • Historical Overview Chapter Two HISTORICAL OVERVIEW INTRODUCTION Scientific evidence suggests the first inhabitants of the Lake Superior region originated in Siberia . About 18,000 years ago, nomadic big game hunters crossed the land bridge between Siberia and Alaska tracking mammoth bison and musk ox. These hunters followed the northward glacial retreats, knowing game would be found in the tundra and wetlands left by the melting ice. Archeologist know some of these hunters camped near Deer Lake in Marquette County 9,000 years ago. The people who shared these amazing beginnings called themselves Anishinabeg (original people). It is known these people engaged in primitive mining practices. Artifacts found in a stone quarry within the Marquette City limits reveal people resided in this area over 5,000 years ago. These early people became the Ottawa, Potawatomi, and Chippewa (Ojibway Tribes). According to the 1830 census 81 members of the Chippewa Tribe lived along the lower Chocolay River. In 1622, Etienne Brule was the first European to gaze upon Lake Superior. Many more were to follow as Europe recognized the huge potential for fur trading in this area, (Company of New France, followed by the Hudson's Bay Company). It was the Anishinabeg who showed the Europeans both water and portage routes, the building of birch bark canoes, snowshoes and sleds, maple sugaring, and fishing . The Anishinabeg had supplied fish to the fur companies and by the mid 1800s, these same companies began commercial fishing businesses. Immigrants from the Scandinavian countries (Swedes, Norwegians, and Finns) arrived to fish Lake Superior. Commercial fishing reached its peak in the early 1940s with an annual catch of 25 .5 million pounds. Marquette's history is inextricably tied to the abundant natural resources of its region . With the discovery of iron, immigrants and entrepreneurs flocked to the region to discover what fortunes this harsh and beautiful area might hold. Marquette's early iron industry began with the construction of a forge built at the mouth of the Carp River in the summer of 1847. This forge was used to process ore from the Jackson Mine, which was the first iron mine in the Lake Superior region. Philo Everett, the director of the Jackson Mining Company formed in Jackson, Michigan, began operations with the help of his forge operator, Ariel N. Barney. The forge started producing iron in February 1848 and operated intermittently until 1856. With an influx of people attracted to the opportunities provided by the newly born iron industry, a village in Marquette's current location was established in 1849. Amos R. Harlow and his party from Worcester, Massachusetts founded the village of Worcester as a port and furnace site for the Marquette iron range . The original village was located just inland from Ripley's Rock near the point where present day Baraga Street and Lakeshore Boulevard join . Also in 1849, four businessmen, Waterman A. Fisher, Amos R. Harlow, Robert J. Graveraet and Edward Clark, collectively formed the Marquette Iron Company. Graveraet was sent to the Lake Superior region to begin the groundwork for the operation . At Mackinaw Island he hired men to help him, including eighteen year old Peter White. Harlow selected a protected site near Ripley's Rock to build his foundry and port, which was to be the first permanent settlement of Marquette . The Marquette Iron Company, along with its founders, continued to play a key role in the further development of Marquette . Marquette Master Plan · 2003 7 �~ I?) ~ ~ t1) ·1) 1') 1 t?) - ?) ?") 1j 1", ?', 1', ~ Washington Street - Early 7900's Photo courtesy of Superior View 8 �Chapter Two - Historical Overview In 1850, the village of Worcester was renamed Marquette in honor of Father Jacques Marquette, (1637-1675) a Jesuit missionary priest and explorer. According to local Native American history, Father Marquette camped on Lighthouse Point during a trip along the south shore of Lake Superior in 1669. In 1897, a bronze statue of Father Marquette was presented to the City in his honor. Technological advances, particularly in transportation, were a benefit to local commerce during the second half of the nineteenth century. In 1855 a 25-ton American Standard locomotive named the Sebastopol, arrived in the Marquette Harbor. This locomotive traveled a 12-mile line stretching frori Negaunee to Marquette on the Iron Mountain Railroad. "The railroad was soon shipping iron ore down the hills into Marquette to the tune of some 1,200 tons of ore per day" . This rail line led to a pocket ore dock, the first of its kind in the world, constructed in 1857. Previously iron ore had to be loaded onto ships by hand . Businesses and industries emerged to support the mining and shipping operations and the growing population . The charcoal iron-making industry relied heavily on a steady supply of hardwood from the surrounding forests . As time passed, more housing was needed and built; shingle mills, sash mills and sawmills were also established. On June 11, 1868 Marquette suffered a setback that would ultimately change the center of the thriving frontier village into what is seen today. A fire broke out in the Ontonagon Railroad shop near the corner of Front and Main Street that destroyed most of the existing Village of Marquette . There was a reported loss of over 100 buildings and an estimated loss of 1.5 million dollars. Over forty families were left homeless. This tragedy prompted the village council to pass an ordinance prohibiting the erection of any wooden buildings in the business district. This ordinance stated that no wooden buildings were to be erected, without permission of the Common Council, within the boundaries of: on the North, by a line drawn midway between Bluff and Washington Streets; on the East, the shore of Lake Superior; on the South, the south line of Rock Street; and on the West, the west line of Third Street. Concerned citizens also established a community waterworks that would take water from Lake Superior. Construction began on the waterworks in 1869 and it started pumping water in February 1870. When the major extraction of iron ore began, the small community of Marquette grew rapidly. Lake Shore, Inc. opened in 1858 as the Lake Superior Foundry Company. It supplied the mines and mills of the area with foundry products and blast furnace equipment. Other businesses opened shortly thereafter. These included a tannery, gas plant, brownstone quarry, a powder company to provide explosives for the mines, transfer lines, and several brickyards. Railroads continued to expand southward to Bay de Noque and Menominee, finally reaching far enough south to meet with existing rail lines in eastern Wisconsin . This increasing transportation network opened the doors for increased regional development. Marquette became incorporated as a village on February 10, 1859 and as a city on February 27, 1871 . For the first thirty years, Marquette's economy was tied to the iron ore industry, primarily blast furnaces, railroads and shipping by water. In the 1880's, efforts were made to diversify and provide additional opportunities for residents. Northern Michigan University opened in 1899 as a State Normal School to educate teachers for the Upper Peninsula . The school opened with thirty-two students, six faculty members and Dwight B. Waldo as principal. In 1918 the first four-year program was introduced and the first Bachelor of Arts degree was given two years later. Throughout its history, Marquette has continued to make steady progress. Today, 1t is the County Seat of Marquette County, the largest county in land area (1,870 square miles) in the state of Michigan . By virtue of its central geographic location, economic impact and historical importance, Marquette is often referred to as the "Capitol" of the Upper Peninsula. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 9 �1't Marquette Dock Company Coal Dock, circa 1936 Photo courtesy of Superior View 10 �Chapter Two - Historical Overview MARQUETTE PIONEERS While many people were involved in the planning and building of the Marquette community, a few individuals played particularly influential roles in the area's growth and development. Such men helped establish the community's basic foundations and set the values that are still evident today. Peter S. White Among pioneers to whom the Upper Peninsula owes much, perhaps no man was more widely known than Peter White. White was born in Rome, New York, and came to Marquette in 1849 at the age of eighteen . At that time he was in the employment of the Marquette Iron Company and helped to erect some of the first buildings, including his home which was the first to be built on the ridge overlooking the harbor. Over the years, White served in many capacities in the public arena and was involved in numerous enterprises in the area. He was instrumental in securing 312 acres on Presque Isle from the U.S. Government for a park . The spectacular scenery of the park and views of Lake Superior attract numerous visito~s to the city each year. He was also influential in the development of the public library system in Marquette. The first public library was constructed in 1856 with a new building given in 1872 through a $5,000 donation by White. The present Peter S. White Library was constructed in 1904. Philo M . Everett Everett came to the Upper Peninsula after hearing favorable reports about vast iron deposits in the area . Native Americans showed him the "great iron mountain" in the Negaunee area, now known as the Jackson Mine that his company opened . It is the oldest iron mine in the region . Everett served as Marquette's first Supervisor and held countless other civic positions . Amos R. Harlow Harlow is the recognized founder of Marquette. He is a descendant of Captain William Harlow, who came to the Plymouth Colony, Massachusetts in 1642 . Amos Harlow was born near Worcester, Massachusetts in April 1815. He was part of a company called the Marquette Iron Company, organized in Worcester, Massachusetts to develop and utilize iron ore from the Upper Peninsula . Prior to arriving in the Marquette area, he had already recognized the importance of the Upper Harbor (Presque Isle Harbor) and the Dead River to the future of the area and purchased two fractional sections on each side of the Dead River. The Marquette Iron Company was eventually consolidated with the Cleveland Iron Company. Harlow never sought public office but was influential in terms of the development of Marquette. George Shiras Ill Shiras first came to Marquette in 1870 and was a part t ime resident for over seventy years. Some of his contributions included funding for the construction of Shiras Pool, a gift of Shiras Park and an endowment for the Federated Women's Club . His largest gift was the establishment of the Shiras Institute in 1938, a non-profit corporation dedicated to establishing recreational and cultural activities in Marquette. John M . Longyear Originally a native of Lansing, Michigan, Longyear came to the Upper Peninsula in 1873. Although concerned primarily with timber and mineral lands, Longyear contributed to the public library and education. He was at one time the Mayor of Marquette and assisted in the establishment of Northern Michigan University and Michigan Technological University. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 11 �Parlritfge B11y MARQUITTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN Historic Structures, Sites & Areas 0.1•Souru&.chna~.tnc 1996 ·--=---==:i 0.3 03 06 Miles Pr,•sque ------------------------------------------ ! i Isle ~ r--._J;:r,---.../ ___ Harlror c: t,' > ~ :--------------~---- ---·;:--.n=~~-r-----''-++++-,-r.;; rn - Arch/Ridge Street Historic District 0 A ■ Historic Structure Site of Former Historic Structure Site wi t h Historic Importance ~ 1. Presque Isle Harbor Ore Dock 2. Historic Soo llne Ore Dock 3. Marquette Harbor Light Station 4. Marquette Maritime Museum 5. Call House (I) 6. Dandelion Cottage '-,::___________: : 7 Julian T. Case House 8. Iron Mountain Railway Historic Marker 9. Marquette County Savings Bank i - - -+r10 . Harlow Block 11 . Former Marquette City Hall 12. Hotel Janzen 13. Marquette County Courthouse 14. Father Marquette Park 15 . Bishop Baraga House 16. John Burt House 17. Site of Demolished Marquette County Poor House 18. Pioneer Road Cemetery 19 First Survey Point of Upper Peninsula Railroad 20. State House of Correction & Branch Prison 21 . Upper Peninsula Brewing Co. 22 . Northern Michigan University Historic Marker 23 . Site of Demolished Kaye Hall Complex at Northern Michigan University 24. Site of Demolished Longyear Hall of Pedagogy at Northern Michigan University Map 2. 7: Location of Historic Sites 12 s::: "t:i ,r--~ Marquette Bay t'Tl :::0 1'i 1" ~ .... 0 :::0 ·1', �Chapter Two - Historical Overview HISTORIC SITES The City of Marquette is a place of great historical wealth in terms of both architecture and historic sites . What follows is a list of historic places located within the City as listed by state and federal historic registers . Each numbered site corresponds to Map 2.1, which identifies each property's location . 1 PRESQUE ISLE HARBOR ORE DOCK Location : Presque Isle Harbor National Register: No State Register: Yes 09/25/56 The LS&I (Lake Superior and Ishpeming) ore dock is of concrete and steel construction . It was built in 1912 to replace an earlier pocket ore dock. This dock is still in use. 2 LAKESHORE BOULEVARD ORE DOCK (SOO LINE ORE DOCK) Location : Lower Harbor (Iron Bay) National Register: No State Register: Yes 09/25/56 Though evidence of other docks can be seen, the DSS&A (Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railroad) ore dock is currently the only ore dock left standing in the Lower Harbor. This dock was constructed in 1931 . It is of steel and concrete construction with a capacity of 56,250 tons. This dock is no longer used. 3 MARQUETTE HARBOR LIGHT STATION Location : Lighthouse Point, east of Coast Guard Road National Register: Yes 07 /19/84 State Register: No Originally built in 1866, it is a two-story brick building with a square tower. This replaced an earlier light erected in 1853, whose lights were powered by kerosene . In 1927, the light was switched to electricity and had a visibility of nineteen miles In clear weather. The foundation of the light consists of three feet of brick and stone with walls eighteen inches thick built to withstand the storms on Lake Superior. The light is currently owned by the US Coast Guard . 4 MARQUETTE MARITIME MUSEUM Location : Lakeshore Drive at Ridge Street National Register: No State Register: Yes 04/24/81 A fire that destroyed most of Marquette in June 1868 furnished the incentive for building a community waterworks. Construction for the waterworks started in 1869 and was put into operation in February 1870. The sandstone building is a D. Fred Charlton design . It has round arched windows and a hipped roof. It has been the home of the Marquette Maritime Museum since 1984. 5 CALL HOUSE Location : 450 East Ridge Street National Register: Yes O1/13/72 State Register: Yes 05/18/71 This house was built in the 1870's by C.F. Struck for C.H. Call, president of the Lake Superior Powder Company. An excellent example of Victorian Gothic design, board and batten construction was used . The gables are steeply pitched and it has canopied windows, paired lancets, pierced ornamental bargeboards, and first floor windows nine feet high. Marqu ette Master Plan - 2003 13 �14 �Chapter Two - Historical Overview 6 DANDELION COTTAGE Location: 440 East Arch Street National Register: Yes 06/18/80 State Register: Yes 08/20/92 Built circa 1880, this picturesque cottage was a central subject for a popular children's book written by Carroll Watson Rankin in 1904. 7 JULIAN T. CASE HOUSE Location : 425 East Ohio Street National Register: No State Register: Yes 06/16/72 Designed by Burnham and Root of Chicago, IL. This house was built for Julian T. Case in 1886-1887 . The house was originally on a large wooded lot with a spectacular view. During a campaign swing through the Upper Peninsula in 1911, President Taft and his entourage stayed here. 8 IRON MOUNTAIN RAILWAY Location : Washington Street at Cove's Hill (Marker is at the West end of Mattson Park below the end of Washington St.) National Register: No State Register: Yes 02/18/56 Completed in 1857 to haul iron ore from the Jackson and Cleveland Mines in Negaunee to the Marquette Harbor, it was the first Steam Railroad in the Upper Peninsula . This railroad followed a survey began at this site in 1852 by the Green Bay and Lake Superior Railroad, a forerunner of the Iron Mountain Railroad Company. 9 MARQUETTE COUNTY SAVINGS BANK - SAVINGS BANK BUILDING Location : 101 West Washington Street National Register: Yes 09/13/78 State Register: Yes 06/18/76 Build in 1881, this building was designed by Barber and Barber. The foundation is of local Jacobsville sandstone and the upper levels are constructed of brick. 10 HARLOW BLOCK Location : 100 West Washington National Register: Yes 03/24/83 State Register: No The Harlow Block is a commercial block built in 1887 by Amos Harlow. The building is constructed of solid Marquette variegated sandstone. The rectangular shaped building measures 7 5 by 146 feet. 11 MARQUETTE CITY HALL Location: 204 Washington Street (Middle building, north side of the block) National Register: Yes 04/11/75 State Register: Yes 10/07/74 Designed in 1894 by Lovejoy and Demar, it shows "Second Empire " French influenced style . It has symmetrical arches and polished granite columns . The walls are constructed of red brick and Marquette red sandstone. This building has served both the governmental and cultural needs of the community. • Marquette Master Plan - 2003 15 �• Hotel Janzen 16 �Chapter Two - Historical Overview 12 HOTEL JANZEN Location : 146 West Spring Street (Middle building, north side of the block) National Register: No State Register: Yes 05/08/84 Built for William Janzen in 1893, it is a solid red brick building . It was used as a hotel until the 1970's. It was donated to a nonprofit group after a fire in 1983, restored and reopened to provide housing for people in transition . 13 MARQUETTE COUNTY COURTHOUSE Location: 400 South Third Street National Register: Yes 03/29/78 State Register: Yes 08/06/76 A fine example of Neo-classical Revival architecture, this building was completed in 1904. It is constructed of Portage Entry sandstone from the Keweenaw Peninsula and was designed by Charlton and Gilmore of Marquette. 14 FATHER MARQUETTE PARK Location : 501 South Front Street National Register: No State Register: Yes 12/05/86 Overlooking Iron Bay (Marquette's Lower Harbor), this park has a bronze statue of Father Jacques Marquette, for whom the city is named . This statue was presented to the city in July 1897 . 15 BISHOP BARAGA HOUSE Location : 615 South Fourth Street National Register: No State Register: Yes 02/19/58 This was the house of Bishop Frederic Baraga during his stay in Marquette. The Bishop was known as the "Snowshoe Priest" . Bishop Baraga was the first Catholic Bishop in Marquette. 16 JOHN BURT HOUSE Location : 220 Craig Street National Register: No State Register: Yes 02/19/58 Recognized as the oldest standing building in Marquette, th is building was erected in 1858. Built of broken sandstone it was designed to be a warehouse and clerks office for the Burt Brothers sandstone quarry which was one half mile south . 17 MARQUETTE COUNTY POOR HOUSE - BROOKRIDGE (Demolished 1994) Location : State Road 554 (Division Street) and Pioneer Road National Register: No State Register: Yes 10/23/86 Built in 1901 after the county voters approved $15,000 for the construction of a poor house, it was a two and one half story, Neo-Colonial Revival Style building . It was a brick veneer, sandstone and wood trimmed building . In 1981 it was closed due to lack of federal funding . Marqu ette Master Plan - 2003 17 �Savings Bank Building - Washington and Front Streets �Chapter Two - Historical Overview 18 PIONEER ROAD CEMETERY - OLD CATHOLIC CEMETERY Location: Pioneer Road and County Road 553 (Division Street) National Register : No State Register: Yes 10/27/83 On April 25, 1861, Timothy Hurley and his wife Ellen donated four acres to Reverend Frederic Baraga for a free burial ground . Later, two more acres were also donated by another individual. This cemetery operated from 1861 till 1908. 19 POINT OF BEGINNING OF FIRST SURVEY OF UPPER PENINSULA RAILROAD Location: South Lake Road (US 41 ), mouth of the Carp River at Lake Superior, Marquette Lower Harbor National Register: No State Register: Yes O1/16n6 This is the point of beginning of the first survey of the Upper Peninsula Railroad that was to connect Marquette to Lake Michigan . 20 STATE HOUSE OF CORRECTION AND BRANCH PRISON (MARQUETTE PRISON) Location : East of the Carp River on the south side of US 41 National Register: Yes 1 1/23n7 State Register: Yes 12/18n 4 State designation is for the Administration Building only. Erected in 1888, the administration building, rotunda and cellblock B are the only original buildings of the prison complex completed in 1889. 21 UPPER PENINSULA BREWING COMPANY BUILDING, CHARLES MEESKE HOUSE Location : Meeske Street and US 41 (Northwest corner of intersection) National Register: Yes 05/1 5/80 State Register: No Built in 1873, the original brew was called "Drei Kaiser" and the first bottles were produced December 13, 1873 . The brewery was sold and the name changed to "Castle Brew" and the building was remodeled to look like a castle . The last bottle was shipped in 1916. The only remaining structure is the brewmasters home, which was constructed in 1894. 22 NORTHERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY HISTORIC MARKER Location : Northern Michigan University campus (In front of the northwest corner of the Don H. Bottum University Center) National Register: No State Register: Yes 03/19/57 This marker commemorates the beginning of Northern Michigan University. Established by an act of the Michigan Legislature in 1899 as a Normal School, it was to train and provide teachers for the Upper Peninsula. Northern opened with th irty-two students, six faculty members and had Dwight B. Waldo as principal. A four-year collegiate program was introduced in 1918, and the first Bachelor of Arts degree was conferred two years later. In the 1950's, Northern became a multi-purpose institution placing emphasis on instruction, service, and research . In 1960, it established its own graduate of arts degree . Serving an ever-increasing student body, Northern achieved university status in 1963 through an act of the Michigan State Legislature. Marquette Ma ster Plan - 2003 19 �__; One of Marquette 's Historic Homes 20 �Chapter Two - Historical Overview 23 KAYE HALL COMPLEX - NORTHERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY (Demolished 1972) Location : Presque Isle Avenue and Fair Street (At present site of Sam M . Cohodas Administrative Center) National Register: No State Register: Yes 04/14/72 Designed by architect D. Frederick Charlton, it resembled a castle. Built of steel and concrete with a veneer of Marquette sandstone, it was completed in 1915 and demolished in 1972 . It was named Kaye Hall to honor Northern's second president, James H.B . Kaye . 24 LONGYEAR HALL OF PEDAGOGY - NORTHERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY (Demolished 1994) Location : Presque Isle Avenue and Fair Street (South of the Sam M . Cohodas Administrative Center) National Register: Yes 04/03/80 State Register: No Built of sandstone quarried near L'Anse in 1900, it was rebuilt in 1907 after a fire . It served as offices and classrooms for faculty and students . Longyear was closed in 1972 and demolished in 1994. ARCH and RIDGE STREETS HISTORIC DISTRICT Location : Arch and Ridge Streets from Front Street to Lake Superior National Register: Yes 06/18/80 State Register: No This district contains 117 contributing structures on a dominating east by west land elevation that rises from 75 to 110 feet above Lake Superior. Peter White built the first home on the " Ridge" in the late 1860's and for the next thirty years many of the lead ing citizens followed his example and built there. Most of the construction took place during the last three decades of the 19th century. Locally quarried sandstone plus wood from the local sawmills provided building material. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 21 �Table 3. 1: Historical Population Trends Marquette City 1950 17,202 % change Ishpeming City 8,962 % change Negaunee City 6,472 % chanqe Marquette Township 1,280 % chanoe Chocolay Township 1,205 % change 15.24% 10.81 % 6.01 % -5.63 % -5.75 % 8,857 8,245 7,538 7,200 6,686 -1.17% -6.91% -8.57% -4.48% -7.14% 6,126 5,248 5,189 4,741 4,576 -5.35% -14.33% -1.12% -8.63% -3.48% 1,880 1,703 2,669 2,757 3,286 46.88% -9.41% 56. 72% 3.30% 19.19% 6,095 5,685 6,025 72.32% 5.98% 1.16% 1,383 1,760 2,443 2,368 2,707 52 .15% 27.26% 38.81% 3.07% 14.32% 1,657 2,164 2,437 2,696 2,127 925.70% 30.60% 12.62% 10.63% -21.10% 56,154 64,686 74,101 70,887 64,634 17.84% 15.19% 14.55% -4.34% -8.82% 149,865 157,257 165,744 182,390 177,692 174,717 4.93% 5.40% 10.04% -2.58% -1.67% 6,371,766 7,824,965 8,875,083 9,262,078 9,295,297 9,938,444 22 .81% 13.42% 4.36% 0.36% 6.92% 909 179 47,654 % change State of Michigan 2000 20,714 3,299 % chanoe Central Upper Peninsula 1990 21,977 47 .61% % change Marquette County 1980 23,288 2,235 % chanqe Sands Township 1970 21,967 85.48% % chanqe Negaunee Township 1960 19,824 Source: U.S. Census - 2000 22 �Chapter Three - Demographic Overview Chapter Three DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW INTRODUCTION This chapter will focus on the changing demographics within the City of Marquette and some of its surrounding townships. Such an analysis is a useful tool for identifying patterns and trends that can affect a community and their approach to land use, traffic controls, economic development, and general quality of life issues. While this section will review the standard demographic indicators such as current population, historical trends, projected growth, and age distribution, it will also focus on the resulting effects that these changes could have on the City of Marquette. It is not enough to simply recite the relevant statistics; it is critical to understand what possible effects these patterns might have on the master planning process for the City of Marquette. POPULATION TRENDS In the 2000 Census, the City of Marquette reported a population of 20,714 persons. This figure represents a 5.75% decrease from the City's population in 1990. Similar population decreases can be seen in several nearby cities such as Ishpeming City and Negaunee City. Marquette County also reported a decrease in population, which may reflect the effects of the 1995 closure of the K.I. Sawyer Air Force Base . Meanwhile, several of the adjacent townships, such as Marquette, Negaunee, and Chocolay Townships are experiencing rapid population increases. Table 3.1 shows the population trends for the City of Marquette and several of the surrounding municipalities. What does th is mean for Marquette? The City of Marquette is experiencing a pattern in its population distribution that is common in many cities today as they continue to feel the effects of sprawl. It is common for the population of small , relatively built-up communities to see more and more of their residents migrating out toward the less populated, more rural townships. Unfortunately, there are usually problems associated with this migration such as increased traffic congestion, the proliferation of "strip development " along the more highly traveled roadways, and an increase in vacant or underutilized areas within the city proper. Community residents have certainly reflected these concerns in the comments voiced during the various public participation forums . The following are some of the concerns raised by respondents to the Master Plan Survey: • • e • "The downtown is the heart and soul of Marquette . Don't let Marquette become a clone of a downstate strip/sprawl city." "How come there is so much expansion of businesses into the township - why not here instead?" "Heavier traffic - highway congestion coming into the city." • "Movement to townships; need commitment to core ." • "My biggest concern is with the Township and the urban sprawl wh ich blights U.S.41 west." Marquette Master Plan - 2003 23 �Population growth may mean demand for more residential developments New single-family homes are being constructed near Marquette Developers should be encouraged to reuse existing buildings 24 �Chapter Three - Demographic Overview POPULATION PROJECTIONS Population projections can be a useful planning tool. They enable a city to anticipate future needs in areas such as facilities, services, and job growth. Prior to the 2000 Census, the Marquette County Resource Management Department calculated the projected population for several municipalities in the area including the City of Marquette. The results of these projections are shown in Table 3.2 . This predicted growth is further supported by longer-term projections that were created by Michigan State University's Program for Applied Demography and Ecology. They predict that Marquette County will see growth from its current population over the next 15 years (See Table 3.3). Table 3.2: Population Projections for Marquette Area 2.Q_QQ 2003 2..QQ.8 % Chaoge (2000 - 2008) Marquette City Ishpeming City Neqaunee City Marquette Township Chocolay Township Neqaunee Township Sands Township Marquette County 20,714 6,686 4,576 3,286 6,095 2,707 2,127 64,634 21 ,077 7,015 4,420 2,754 6,606 2,494 2,860 65,527 21 ,732 6,970 4,280 2,895 6,943 2,545 3,006 68,175 4.91 % 4.25% -6.47% -11 .90% 13 .91% -5.98% 41.33% 5.48% Source: Marquette County Resource Management Department Table 3.3: Population Projections for Marquette County Year 2000 Current Population 64,634 Year Projected Population 2010 2015 2020 68,393 67,616 66,661 % Change (from 2000) 5.8% 4.6% 3.1% (Source: MSU 2000) What does this mean fo r Marquette? An increase in population will allow for a better utilization of existing infrastructure, resulting in an increased return on the initial investment toward these services. The increase in the City's population may also mean that more residents are living within the City limits, allowing for easier commutes to main employment destinations such as the University and the Hospital. These reduced commutes should help to diminish some of the traffic that is entering the City from the adjacent Townships, often leading to congestion on some of the major thoroughfares. If Marquette's population does begin to show an increase, there will be an additional need for housing within the City. Given that the City has little undeveloped land north of U.S.41 on which it can build new residential homes, it may need to promote more infill development and reuse of existing sites. Potential redevelopment opportunities already exist in areas such as the Roundhouse and the Lower Harbor. New housing opportunities are also possible south of U.S.41 along the South McClellan Avenue corridor. These areas, however, have significant topography and are wooded, which require environmentally-sensitive development regulations . If build-out of these areas is fully achieved, the result could be an estimated 3,500 new residents in the City of Marquette. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 25 �Partr~lge Bay MARQUITTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN Middle Bay Distribution of Kids Under Age 15 By Census Block 550 o■i.e•=io••■o3 = =::io16 M~es Presque Isle Harbor r-- > ~ l:T1 V, •• i:::: "0 Marquette r,, Bay :,0 .... 0 00% 1-19% 0 20-39% 40%+ :,0 ---- . ·-------------------------Map 3. 1: Distribution of Children Under Age 15 26 �Chapter Three - Demographic Overview AGE DISTRIBUTION The results of the Master Plan survey show that 82% of respondents answered "Yes" to the question "Do you feel the makeup of the community is changing?" . When prompted to explain in what way they felt their community was changing, answers focused on three primary areas: • Respondents felt that younger residents and their families were moving out of the area, presumably to find better employment opportunities . • There is an influx of new residents to the community from downstate and other Non-UP locations. Many of these are older people are seeking a retirement or second home destination . • Residents perceive that the commun ity has a higher percentage of elderly residents than it has in the past. Two of these concerns (increasingly elderly population and loss of younger residents) relate to the age distribution of the community. Table 3.4 shows the age distributions for the City of Marquette from the 2000 Census. Table 3.5 shows a comparison of how this distribution has changed since 1990. Table 3.4: Age Distribution, 2000 Table 3.5: Age Distribution, 1990 vs. 2000 Age Group Number Under 5 years 826 5 to 9 years 849 10 to 19 years 3,234 20 to 29 years 4,935 30 to 39 years 2,354 40 to 49 years 2,926 2, 112 50 to 59 years 60 to 69 years 1,366 1,211 70 to 79 years 48 1 80 to 84 years 85 years and over 420 20,71 4 TOTAL (Source: U.S. Census 2000) Aqe Group Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 19 years 20 to 29 years 30 to 39 years 40 to 49 years 50 to 59 years 60 to 69 years 70 to 79 years 80 to 84 years 85 years and over TOTAL % of Total 4.0% 4.1% 15 .6% 23 .8% 11.4% 14.1% 10.2% 6.6% 5.8% 2.3% 2.0% 100.0% 1990 1,166 1,292 3, 470 5,430 3, 554 2,212 1,525 1,463 1, 173 381 311 21, 977 2000 826 849 3,234 4,935 2,3 54 2,926 2,11 2 1,366 1,2 11 48 1 420 20,71 4 % Chan ge -2 9.2% -34.3% -6.8% -9.1% -33 .8% 32 .3% 38.5% -6.6% 3. 2% 26.2% 35.0% -5.7% (Source: U.S. Census 2000) Some of the numbers do indeed support the community perceptions listed above. There was a significant drop (-29 .16%) in the 0-4 age group, which may signal that fewer young families are remaining in the area to ra ise their children . An analysis of the spatial distribution of children (ages 15 and under) show that they are located primarily in four areas of the City (See Map 3, 1): the southwest quadrant of the Hawley Street/ Presque Isle Avenue area; along the Pine Street corridor south of Fair Avenue; the northwest corner of the Lakeshore Boulevard/ Ridge Street intersection, and a large block west of Altamont Street and south of Grove St. Knowing which areas have a density of children can have important ramif ications for the distribution of facilities and services such as schools and recreation . These also may signal areas where special attention should be given in regards to traffic calming and walkab ility. Marqu ette Master Plan - 2003 27 �Partrul~ fJay MARQUITTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN Distribution of Senior Citizens Over Age 64 By Census Block ... 0.:....._==• o -llllioi::: .3==::::::io16 M~es 111 Pre,;que /<le Harbor t"" ;i:,. ~ tT1 (/) oz c:: "i:i Marquette hj Bay ;:,.i ..... 0 CJD% 01-19% 020-39% 40%+ ~ Map 3.2: Distribution of Senior Citizens 28 r I --~-- - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- �Chapter Three - Demographic Overview The data also supported the community's perception that the City's population is aging . Age distribution statistics demonstrated a slight rise (3 .9%) in the 65 and over age group that may reflect this opinion . Although not shown in the tables above, Census data also calculated that within the 25-64 age group, over one-quarter (26%) of the population is over 50. This is a significant portion of this age group and may also reinforce the perception that the community is aging . The spatial distribution of these residents ages 65 and older is shown in Map 3.2. Again, identifying these areas is a critical first step to understanding how services specific to an aging population should be distributed. One community assertion that was harder to verify using the censuses demographic data was that c' larger portion of young adults were leaving the area after graduation . The 2000 census data showed a large increase (41 .41 %) in the population ages 20-24. This increase, however, may be due to the student population being more accurately counted during the 2000 census than they were during the 1990 count. During the 1990 census, significant undercounts were experienced in many areas, particularly those with a large student population since there was confusion about where students should be counted (as a part of their parent's household or in the city there were attending college). The 2000 census made special efforts within college campuses to educate students about how to fill out their census forms, leading to more accurate counts in 2000. Due to this potential discrepancy between the 1990 and 2000 data, it is difficult to correlate the age distribution statistic with the community's perception that younger people are leaving the area . What does this mean for Marquette? Marquette's aging population is representative of a larger trend that can be seen throughout the United States . Advances in health care have led to an increase in the mean age of the country's population . Also, the size of the large " baby-boomer" demographic as they continue to age tends to drive up the mean age of our population . These young retirees and elderly population gravitate toward communities with quality health care services, many cultural and entertainment-related opportunities, as well as livable neighborhoods with active and vibrant downtowns. These results have important implications for several areas of Marquette's planning process. For example, the increase in an elderly population may require additional need for retirement housing or other residential communities that are supportive of the increased physical needs of a more elderly population . There may also be a need for more recreational and cultural programs that cater to this particular demographic. In addition to the increased attention that needs to be given to the more elderly segment of the population, the statistics on age distribution indicate that the large increase in younger residents (ages 20-24) may have significant implications, particularly for land use . The commun ity has been expressing particular concerns regarding the rental housing market within the City. While th is issue will be covered in detail in the Neighborhood Assessment presented in Chapter Seven, suffice it to say that the housing needs of these young, post-collegiate residents will need to be addressed . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 29 �Partridge Bay MARQUITTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN Middle Bay Watersheds Compeau Creek I l'r,squt' 1st~ Dead River _. Wolner Creek t"1 V) c::: "ti .Marquette t'1 &ly ;:a .... 0 :::,:, Map 4. 1: Regional Watersheds in the Marquette Area 30 �Chapter Four - Natural Resources Overview Chapter Four NATURAL RESOURCES OVERVIEW INTRODUCTION When asked about their community's greatest assets, overwhelmingly, participants cited Marquette's natural resources . Marquette's unique location along Lake Superior, complemented by its rolling terrain and heavily wooded areas make for a beautiful, as well as ecologically rich habitat. WATERSHEDS As might be expected, the hydrology of the Marquette area is heavily influenced by its adjacency to Lake Superior. This Great Lake borders the City's entire eastern edge and serves as the final outlet for a number of watersheds. The City of Marquette is located primarily with in two of these watersheds; the Dead River Watershed and the Whetstone/Orianna Creek Watershed (See Map 4.1). The majority of the City is located within the Whetstone/Orianna Creek Watershed . This 3,225-acre drainage area encompasses the southern and eastern portions of the City with its outlet in Marquette Bay. The Dead River watershed is a much larger drainage area, however, only a small portion of the Lower Dead River sub-watershed is located within the City of Marquette. This drainage area includes the northwestern portion of the city with its final outlet in the Presque Isle Harbor. Other watersheds such as the Carp River Watershed and the Compeau Creek Watershed exist on the City's periphery. Marquette Ma ster Plan - 2003 31 �Part ridge B'ay MARQUITTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN Hydrology 0.11'louraC,tydM~t.GIS,200l 550 0.3 0 0.3 06 M•es --c::::J---=:==::::::i, l'r~ue /.•le ·····················•··············: ?{!: . Harbor t"' > ~ r,; Cr.> c:: .._, Mtrq11et/e !:T1 Bay ~ .... ~ 0 ~ p- p . . <: ............... Map 4.2: Local Hydrology 32 �Chapter Four - Natural Resources Overview HYDROLOGY While each watershed represents the entire drainage area for a particular stream system, that system itself is comprised of many rivers, streams, and tributaries. Map 4.2 identifies the major stream systems as they relate to the City of Marquette, while Table 4.1 shows their relative lengths. The largest of these water systems is the Dead River, which empties into Presque Isle Harbor at the far north end of the City. In addition to the Dead River, there are several smaller stream systems within the City limits including the Carp River, Whetstone Brook, Orianna Creek, Billy Butcher Creek, and Raney Creek. While some of these stream systems still exist is their natural state, many have been modified through the addition of dams or by channelizing the stream in some areas. This is particularly true for the Dead River, Whetstone Brook, and Orianna Creek . While done for primarily industrial or engineering reasons, such modifications to the natural stream channel have significant effects on water quality and the overall health of the stream . To protect and improve the water quality and aquatic habitat of these streams, protective measures such as the implementation of a watershed overlay ordinance, riparian buffer protections, and other regulation and education tools should be employed . The hydrology of the Dead River experienced significant changes in the Spring of 2003, when a severe flood washed through the river system (Note : Map 4.2 depicts the river system prior to the flood). Rushing waters from an upstream breach in the Silver Lake dam caused the earthen dam at Tourist Park to give way, resulting in the draining of the Tourist Park Basin . Damage to the river system and the surrounding property was significant, including the destruction of several bridges and access points, major soil erosion and vegetation loss along the stream banks, damage to salmon hatcheries and other aquatic habitat, and the shutdown of the power plant and two ironmines. Critical stream segments were immediately regraded and stabilized with rock rip-rap and hydroseed to prevent further erosion . The status of rebuilding the earthen dike at Silver Lake Basin and the dam at Tourist Park basin remains undecided as the affected municipalities work together to investigate and analyze potential options . Table 4. 1: Lengths of Tributaries within Marquette city limits Miles Car River Dead River Intermittent Stream #1 Intermittent Stream #2 Mi s Creek Orianna Creek 2.12 0.30 1.08 0.45 2.80 3.49 0.11 0.32 0.78 2.21 Rane Creek Westren Brook Whetstone Brook 1.28 1.13 2.29 Buschell Creek Total 18.35 Marquette Master Plan - 2003 33 �~ 0 P/lTtridgc Bay MARQUETTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN Wetlands ~ 550 ~ Presque Isle Harbor t"' > ,r-'\ ~ ~ r!1 ~ ~ Ul ,:::: "Q Marquette t'l'j Bay ~ ..... 0 Wetland ~ ~ ~ ------------------------------------------------------------ ,,...., ·---------------------------------------- Map 4.3: Wetland Areas 34 �Chapter Four - Natural Resources Overview WETLANDS In general, wetlands are defined as land characterized by the presence of water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support wetland vegetation or aquatic life. Such wetlands serve several important natural functions including flood and storm control; wildlife habitat; natural pollution treatment; water recharge areas; erosion control; and assisting in the improvement of water quality. Due to the important contributions these wetlands make to an area's ecology, they are protected under the Goemaere-Anderson Wetland Protection Act (1979). This legislation protects wetlands by restricting their use to certain activities (fishing, boating, farming, others) while permitting other activities only after approval by the State of Michigan. Permits are approved only after a review of an Environmental Assessment filed by a petitioner and upon a finding that the activity or use is in the public interest. Wetlands are scattered throughout the City of Marquette, totaling 260.7 acres of land. The majority of the wetlands are located along the Dead River system and in the areas south of U.S.41 (See Map 4.3). Others exist in small pockets throughout the City's more developed areas, such as near the Superior Dome, Quarry Pond, or within the Park Cemetery. Larger wetland areas do exist outside, but within close proximity, to the City. This is particularly true to the north near Partridge Bay and Middle Bay. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 35 �Partridge Bay MARQUETTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN Woodlands Oil• Soun;es Mic:h,g,ln/111,1o.m::e l!wntoiy¥~em . 1978 , C,cyo! M . - ~ GJS, 550 o-111 3 -=:::::iolllll-■0.:::: 3 ===:::i o.,6 Mies Presque Isle Harbor t"' ';I> ~ t'T1 V'J •• c::: 'ti Mil,..,,,,,,te tTI Bay ?;,:I ..... 0 ~ Map 4.4: Woodland Vegetation 36 �Chapter Four - Natural Resources Overview WOODLANDS As shown on Map 4.4, a large portion (40%) of land area in Marquette is covered in woodland vegetation. These woodlands not only contribute to Marquette's scenic beauty, but also provide important habitat for local wildlife. They also play a role in the protection of Marquette's water resources by helping to slow runoff and control erosion . As indicated by the pattern of woodland coverage, areas of significant forest cover are primarily located in the southern portion of the City and along the Dead River corridor. Other significant woodland patches exist on Presque Isle and within the Park Cemetery. The dominant vegetation types include Northern Hardwoods (oak & maple); Aspen, Birch; and Upland Conifers (pine). Some areas adjacent to the Lake Superior shoreline also exhibit a swale and dune habitat. Because the areas of significant woodland vegetation are also the same areas where residential growth is most likely to occur, care must be taken in the design and implementation of any development within this area to protect these woodland resources . Tools such as overlay zoning ordinances, development design guidelines, clustering, and conservation subdivisions can all provide protection for the natural resources in this area while still allowing some development to occur. Marqu ette Master Plan - 2003 37 �P.irtriJge Bay MA RQUITTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN Topography ,,. 01111~-=:::::iO- -O c::3=::=io.,6 Mies ~ Pre51jw: ------------------ Isle ·~-::,&) Harb.,r t"' > ~ ~ , __________ Y, tli 17' I;' er, 1?' c:: "ti Mirquetle t"T1 Bay ::i:i ~ 0 I?' - Elevation in Feet ::,;, N / N N 612-692 712-792 812-892 912 - 992 1012 - 1092 1112-1112 ~ ~ ~ ~ Map 4.5: Local Topography 38 �Chapter Four - Natural Resources Overview TOPOGRAPHY Similar to the rest of Michigan's Upper Peninsula, Marquette's topography is the result of glacial activity. As shown on Map 4 .5, the northern portion of the City generally slopes towards Lake Superior, with a few areas of steeper relief near the Dead River at the City's western edge. The more significant topography is located south of U.S.41-M28, where the terrain is more irregular and slopes are generally steeper. This increase in relief culminates in Mount Marquette, which is located at the City's far south end . While Marquette's rolling topography provides striking visual beauty, it creates a number of difficulties for the development community. Steep slopes are vulnerable to erosion and are often not suitable for development. In areas where construction is possible, techniques must be used to ensure proper drainage and protect against soil erosion . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 39 �Partridge B,ry MARQUITTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN Steep Slopes Dita Soum~. City d M.-quette UIS. 2002 550 o illll..::=:•-■ O.C 3 =:==i o1.6 111 Miles Presque lsk t/'l s::::: ""0 Marqlletle M Bay ';:::1 .... 0 ~ 18% Grade Maximum D - 25% 35% 60% 70% Grade Grade Grade Grade :;:,;i Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Map 4.6: Steep Slopes 40 ~ �Chapter Four - Natural Resources Overview STEEP SLOPES Map 4.6 identifies areas within the City that have particularly steep slopes, namely those over 18% (See Figure 4 .1 below to determine how slope is calculated). These areas are considered extremely difficult to develop and require significant engineering to protect against erosion . It is also important to note that although the "Steep Slopes" map specifically highlights areas that exceed 18% slope, some areas that would otherwise be considered buildable (less than 18% slope) contain exposed bedrock which can also deter development. Similar to the pattern demonstrated for a number of the other natural resources, the steepest slopes exist in the southern portion of the city. The slopes exhibited in this area of the City have slowed new development considerably, contributing to the numerous woodlands and relatively undisturbed areas in this portion of Marquette. The map of steep slopes also identifies areas that are particularly susceptible to soil erosion . Areas that are categorized as a 35% maximum grade are considered to have a moderate risk for soil erosion, while those slopes that are steeper than the 35% have a severe risk of soil erosion if disturbed . These particularly fragile areas need to be monitored to ensure that development and commercial forestry do not increase the risk of erosion . For example, commercial forestry activities taking place on the former Bishop Land Trust property should be monitored to reduce the potential for soil erosion and sedimentation . One option for ensuring the protection of these fragile slopes is through the use of a steep slope or natural resources ordinance . Such an ordinance could specify areas where development is not suitable, and also provide design and construction guidelines aimed at reducing the amount of erosion or damage done to these sensitive natural resources . LI) N SLOPE = RISE/ RUN (1.e. 25 '/1 00' = .2 5 or 25%) w V) a: RUN (1.e. 100') Figure 4. 1: Determination of Slope Marquette Master Plan - 2003 41 �Partridge Bay MARQUITTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN Community Features O.ti1Soun:e. Bedflt &R.w~. ln: oi.e ll..=--■oc.3:::::=:::io. 6 Miles Pre.sque t"" -----------------------------------------![ Harbar - 1 , ~---·rr·· > I')\ ~ '-· ···- ---·~ -'£ M-T""T-r-- ~ = ""l"!~ ,-.-'-...J.,,1--1--1-,.i!..l,,J. \'Tl Marina Educational Facility 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Bothwell Middle School Father Marquette Elem. School Father Marquette Middle School Graveraet Intermediate School Marquette Maritime Museum Marquette Senior High School Sandy Knoll Elem. School Shiras Planetarium Superior Hills Elem . School • HistoridScenic Site 10. Bishop Baraga Tomb 11 . Coast Guard Station & Light House 12. Historic Soo Line Ore Dock 13. Marquette Mountain Overlook 14. Statue of Father Jacques Marquette ■ 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22 . 23 . 24. 25 . O er, Institutional/Service Facility I:; 'ij ~ i l Marquette trl Bay :;ti .... /lt,,tarqueue 0 Colf& Chamber of Com m erce D. J. Jacobetti Home For Veterans Marquette City Hall Marquette County Courthouse Marquette County Historical Museum Mich . State Prison - Marquette Branch Municipal Dept. of Publ ic Works Municipal Power Plant Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Peter White Public Library · Presque Isle Harbor Ore Dock ::=::i Recreational Facility 26. Lakeview Arena 27 . Marquette Mountain Alpine Ski Area 28. Superior Dome Map 5.1: Distribu tion of Community Facilities 42 �Chapter Five - Community Facilities Chapter Five COMMUNITY FACILITIES INTRODUCTION The facilities and services offered by a community can substantially add to its residents' quality of life. Community facilities are considered to be those facilities and services owned, operated, and maintained by the City or other government or quasi-public entities that benefit City residents. This chapter will outline the facilities and services provided to Marquette residents including: • Government Facilities • Regional Institutions • Fire and Police Protection • Cultural Venues • Water and Sanitary Services • Recreational Parks and Open Space • Public Education GOVERNMENT FACILITIES City Hall The Marquette City Hall is located at 300 West Baraga Avenue at the site of the former Bishop Baraga Central High School. Constructed in 1970, the building houses City Commission chambers and many city offices including manager, clerk, treasurer, finance and accounting, human resources, community development and planning, assessor, attorney, purchasing, and the police department. Municipal Service Center Constructed in 1992 on a twelve-acre site in the Marquette Industrial Park, Marquette's $5.5 million Municipal Service Center provides a clean, safe, and efficient work environment. The 152,000 square foot facility houses the engineering and public work departments, the City's vehicle fleet, the maintenance division of the parks and recreation department and the water and sewer utilities. The site provides for outdoor storage and consolidates multiple fuel depot locations. The facility's centralized location was chosen to reduce employee travel expenses and response time for city maintenance activities. Post Office The Marquette Post Office is located downtown on the northwest corner of Washington and Third Streets in the Federal Building . The building is in good condition and through the years has been subject to various expansions and renovations. In addition to the U.S. Postal Service, the building houses several other Federal agencies. Electric Power Municipal Electric Power is supplied by a coal-fired power generation station operated by the City of Marquette Board of Light and Power. Expansions to the system since 1983 have increased output to beyond 100,000 kilowatts, resulting in extensive additional capacity to accommodate future development and demand. The plant is located on Lake Superior in the southern portion of the City at the intersection of Front and Lake Street. The Marquette Board of Light and Power maintains three hydro turbine generators totaling 3,900 kilowatts and a 25,000 kilowatt oil fired combustion turbine. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 43 �.,.......,_ ,.... ,.. ,,,......_, ,-.__ ,All Partridge B~y MARQUITTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN Middle Bay Water Service Area 550 o111 ii--==llll-llllli: o.3::===:So.16 Miles Presque -----------------------------------------1 Mr ---1"Wifim~ ·------------- tT\ ~ ,,,...--.... ";j " Mnrquctte t'T1 Bay ~ ..... 0 - SeNice Area (Based on 1/8-Mile Buffer of Existing Water Mains) :;::i r"\ I.me Thickness Represents Fl pe Diameter N I::!,/. "If/ 1 - 4 Inches 6- 10 Inches 12 - 20 Inches 36 - 42 Inches Map 5.2: Water Service Coverage 44 C �Chapter Five - Community Facilities FIRE AND POLICE PROTECTION Fire Service Fire protection and service is located at two fire stations; Fire Hall #1 in the south part of the City at the corner of South Third and Rock Streets and Fire Hall #2 in the north part of the City at the corner of Front and Prospect Streets. Fire Hall #1, constructed in 1972, is newer and somewhat larger than its counterpart. The station is fairly well situated with regard to traffic congestion, land uses, and room for equipment maneuvering and parking . Fire Hall #2, built around 1913, provides enhanced response time to the north part of the City. (Quick and efficient response and routes from Fire Hall #1 to the north part of town can possibly be affected by steep topography and inclement weather.) The department includes a roster of twenty-four fire fighters with a full-time inspector and a fire chief. Equipment consists of four pumper trucks, 2 pickups, and 1 chief vehicle, with the delivery of two additional pumper trucks expected next summer. The City has a full hydrant system, and has also completed its plans to upgrade its equipment (including the provision of large diameter, 5 inch, supply lines). Police Service Police Service in Marquette is provided by the Marquette City Police Department. The department includes thirty-six sworn officers and six support personnel. The City's fleet of eighteen vehicles includes eight patrol cars, six detective cars, two 4-wheel drive veh icles, an animal control vehicle, and a "Data Master" van. The police station is centrally located in the City on the lower level of City Hall. WATER AND SANITARY SERVICE Water Supply Due to its location of the shores of Lake Superior, the City of Marquette enjoys an abundant supply of water. Lake Superior is considered to be a generally clean source of water, particularly in the Marquette area, which is one of the best on the entire lake with regard to turbidity. The coldness of the Lake also contributes to its purity. The City owned water treatment plant, completed in 1979, services most of the community plus a portion of Marquette Township. The total service district is approximately eight square miles, which is adequate to provide service to the large majority of city residents. Areas that don't currently have city supplied water are located primarily in the southern portions of the city where existing natural conditions have made development difficult (See Map 5.2 for a map of existing water service areas) . • The water treatment plant is a 7 MGD (million gallon/day) water pumping facility with low service pumping, high service pumping, treated water storage, and chemical feed (chlorination and flouridation) . On average, the system delivers 3 million gallons per day to its customers . To enhance water purity and comply with new Federal and State regulations regarding surface water supplies, the City constructed a new water filtration facility with additional storage volume to increase disinfecting time in 1997. In addition to the small storage facility at the treatment plant, storage is handled by two 1 MG ground storage facilities and one 1 MG elevated storage tank. The distribution system consists of almost ninety miles of water mains, made up of 6 to 18 inch diameter pipe constructed of mostly cast or ductile iron . The City has been continuing its efforts to upgrade its water mains, particularly the 11 miles of 1 "-4" water mains it currently maintains. These water lines are quite small and should be subject to a replacement program . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 45 �Pttrtridge Bny MARQUETTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN Hydro Pressure Districts O.t•5olneC,tydMarqumt-200l 550 O.■i--==:ilo--· 0.3====0.j6 MMes Presque Isle Harbor t"4 ';> ~ tT1 fJ') t:: .._, ~·~-· Marquetle t'l1 Bay ~ - A.;\ 0 ::cf D Cox Avenue Tank District CJ Grove Booster District Lincoln Tank District D Logan St PRV District D Mountain Tank District D Northwoods Pump District D Sandy Knoll PRV District CJ Shiras Hills PRV District D Trowbridge PRV District Map 5.3: Hydro Pressure Districts 46 i I �Chapter Five - Community Facilities Hydro-pressure Districts In order to efficiently distribute water throughout the City, the water system utilizes a series of water towers, tanks, and booster pumps to create the necessary water pressure needed to safely deliver water to local residents . Map 5.3 indicates the various hydro-pressure districts that are used to serve the City. It is important to note that each of the water and sewer infrastructure services discussed here lack coverage in the far southern portion of the City. If new development is to be considered for this area, it will require the extension of infrastructure to provide coverage . f' f' Marquette Master Plan - 2003 47 �MARQUETTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN Sanitary Sewer Service Area 550 Presque ---·····------------------------····-··-; Isle Harbor 4,,,.-_;;_...., t"' > ~ , _____________ tT'I ~ V, ~ "tl Marquette l:T! Bay ~ ..... 0 - Service Area (Based on 1/8-Mile Buffer of Existing Sewer Mains) ~ Une thickness & color represent the pipe diameter N l::!!,l.. "R 4- 10 Inches 12- 21 Inches 24 - 30 Inches 36 - 48 Inches Lme type represents the type of mam N N Solid= Gravity Main Segmented = Force Main Map 5.4: Sanitary Sewer Co ve rage 48 �Chapter Five - Community Facilities Wastewater Wastewater disposal is provided by the Marquette Area 's Wastewater Treatment Facility. In addition to serving the City, the wastewater treatment plant serves certain built up areas in the adjacent townships of Chocolay and Marquette. The system currently collects and transports 3.2 million gallons of used water to Marquette's treatment facility per day. This modern facility was constructed in 1980 and provides secondary treatment with chemical additions and has extensive expansion capacity to accommodate future development. Wastewater treatment is primarily settling, biological contactors, digestors, sludge dewatering, and dechlorination. According to a master plan study conducted by Ayres, Lewis, Norris, and May, Inc., there are several improvements that may need to be made to the facility both in the short and long term (City of Marquette Water Department 2002;. Such improvements include the expansion of the secondary treatment system and solids handling system, both of which represent bottlenecks in the current system . There is also a need for maintenance and some improvements on some of the Sanitary Lift Stations located throughout the City. The wastewater collection system contains almost 85 miles of six to thirty inch diameter sewers that are mostly vitrified clay pipe or concrete with some PVC pipe . Similar to the pattern of water distribution, the sanitary services cover most of the City, with exceptions in the south where development has been limited (See Map 5.4). Currently, 8.6 miles of sewer lines are over 100 years old and are a priority for replacement. As described in the discussion of the City's capital improvement plan (Chapter Fifteen), the City has a long-range program in place for replacing these older sewer mains on a need/priority basis. f' Marquette Master Plan - 2003 49 �Superior Hills Elementary School Northern Michigan University campus NMU's Superior Dome 50 �Chapter Five - Community Facilities PUBLIC EDUCATION The Marquette area is operating effectively with a modern "Class A" high school (Marquette Senior High School) and four elementary schools; Superior Hills and Sandy Knoll in the City, Cherry Creek in Chocolay Township, and Vandenboom in Marquette Township . Parochial schools include St. Michael's Grade School, Bishop Baraga Grade School, and Father Marquette Middle School. Two public middle schools are located in Marquette, the Bothwell Middle School and the Graveraet Middle School, the latter of which is a traditional building that housed the public high school until 1964. With the exception of the latter building, which has been renovated, the public schools in Marquette are of a modern design with ample recreational facilities. There are no plans for additional schools in the immediate future. REGIONAL INSTITUT1 I ONS Marquette is home to two key regional institutions: Northern Michigan University, a state run institution of higher learning, and Marquette General Hospital, a regional medical care facility. Northern Michigan University Northern Michigan University first opened its doors in 1899 as Northern State Normal School. The school received "university" status in 1963 and began to see an increasing enrollment, fed primarily by the influx of post-WWII baby boomers entering college. Sixteen new buildings were constructed between the late '50s and '60s as the enrollment increased from 900 to more than 7,000 students. After reaching enrollment levels of over 9,000 students, however, growth moderated and began to decline in the early 1980's before picking up slowly since the mid 1980's. The profile of Northern Michigan University today features a Fall 2003 enrollment of 9,380 students with 399 faculty on a modern 352-acre campus. The curriculum includes 180 academic programs within five colleges; Arts and Sciences, Professional Studies, Business, Graduate Studies, and Technology and Applied Sciences. NMU prides itself on its highly skilled faculty, 80% of whom hold doctorates or the highest degree offered in their fields. It is also committed to technology as a tool for teaching and learning, as demonstrated by the laptop each student is given upon enrollment. In addition to academic opportunities, students have access to 200 different clubs and organizations, as well as intermural and competitive sports . The physical boundaries of today's campus represent anticipated major growth that is considerably slower than expected. As a result, university planners are placing emphasis on a more compact campus and more effective use of existing buildings as opposed to building new facilities and acquiring additional land for expansion . The $10 million, 185,000 square foot Physical-Education Instructional Facility (PEIF), completed in 1976, contains wrestling and weight training rooms, a dance studio, gymnastics area, eight-lane swimming pool with adjacent diving well, ice arena, basketball court, handball-racquetball courts, a large artificial open turf area, and a sports medicine program . NMU is also home to the world's largest wooden dome facility, the Superior Dome . Opened in September 1991, the indoor all-events center cost nearly $22 million to build . The dome contains the world's largest indoor retractable turf carpet and is the site of college and high school football games, track meets, conventions, trade shows, and other large events. Facilities available to the public include an indoor 200-meter track, tennis, volleyball, and basketball courts. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 51 �Marquette General Hospital Figure 5. 1: Marquette General Hospital's overlay zoning district 52 �Chapter Five - Community Facilities The University's outdoor facilities include 8 tennis courts, track and field hockey areas, two ball diamonds, and nearby Longyear Forest informal hiking trails. The University is also planning development of a recreational sports complex on the former Dow Site. Most of the University's facilities are available to the public on an intermittent basis, some of which entail user fees and/or recreation program memberships . NMU also offers a variety of instructional sports and recreation classes for youth and adults through the Community Outreach Program. The U.S. Olympic Education Center (USOEC), which has produced gold and silver medal-winning athletes, is located on the NMU campus. • • • • • • • • • • • • • Marquette General Hospital Marquette General Hospital (MGH) has been the central focus of the region's medical community since its inception in 1973 when Marquette's two community hospitals, St. Mary's and St. Luke's, merged . MGH was designated a "regional medical center" in 1985 by the Federal Health Care Financing Administration and has continued to grow both physically and through its enhanced specialized secondary and tertiary services. The hospital has 352 licensed beds and is served by a staff of 200 physicians and medical staff. As a regional facility, the Marquette General Health System draws patients not only from the local area, but from across the Midwest and even nationally. It serves approximately 12,000 inpatients and 420,000 outpatients a year (MGHS 2003). Total employment by MGH at all their service locations is 2,900 people, with 1,800 of these employees in the City of Marquette . As a major employer, MGH is a significant contributor to the local economy. MGH has experienced periods of phenomenal growth, beginning in 1980 with a $25 million first phase eight-story building . MGH made subsequent expansions including its $34 million construction of a new 500 car parking garage and adjoining six-story 190,000 square foot medical service building . The physical expansion of the MGH campus has occurred to the south, west and north of the original facility. In order to provide MGH with flexibility in dealing with a constantly changing medical environment as well as providing areas for future expansion, MGH developed a program in the 1970s and 1980s to acquire available land in the area for possible expansion as well as off street parking . Currently, an overlay zoning district (See Figure 5.1) exists to help regulate MG H's expansion into residential areas, which is an ongoing resident concern. The Hospital's long-range plan is to acquire private lands as they become available within this overlay zone, in an attempt to create one large hospital campus. In addition to the acquisition of new properties, this expansion plan also calls for the closure of College Avenue between Seventh Street and Presque Isle Avenue, and the closure Marquette Master Plan - 2003 53 �The Peter White public library The Upper Peninsula Children's Museum 54 �Chapter Five - Community Facilities of Hebard Court between Kaye Avenue and Magnetic Street. CULTURAL VENUES I Lakeview Arena and Convention Center Built in 1974, the Lakeview Arena is located on East Fair Street at Lakeshore Boulevard near Lake Superior. It is a 72,000 square foot facility designed for mu ltiple uses. It houses a variety of recreational activities including public skating, junior and adult hockey programs, skating lessons, figure skating, and ice rental for community groups and organizations. It is also used by the Marquette Senior High School and the Marquette Electricians for their home hockey games. The indoor facility contains two ice sheets, the larger of which has a 4,200 person seating capacity. Outside the facility a skateboard park is constructed for use during the summer months. In addition to recreational activities, a variety of special events are staged each year at the arena including conventions, concerts, circuses, ice and art shows, trade, builders, recreation and car shows, and large reunions or wedding receptions. Approximately 5,000 seats are available for sit down concerts and up to 6,500 attendees can be accommodated for festival-style rock concerts. The arena is easily accessed but is borderline deficient in parking (1,200 off-street spaces) for some events. Berry Events Center The Berry Events Center, located on Fair Avenue, was opened in 1999 as a multi-use venue with a seating capacity of 3,754 people. It is used for NMU student events, basketball and hockey games, as well as the speed-skating arena for the U.S. Olympic Education Center. Peter White Public Library Completed in 1904, the Peter White Library is an outstanding and excellently located facility. The original collection has expanded from the original 13,500 volumes to approximately 100,000 volumes today, making it the largest public library in the Upper Peninsula. In addition to providing for City needs, service extends to outlying areas in the County. The library recently underwent a $9 million expansion and modernization project that increased available space from 26,000 to 63,000 square feet. This expansion was planned to help provide modern community library service, improve accessibility and enhance aesthetics for the current and future use. It should be noted that supplementing the Peter White Library, reading and research opportunities are provided by NMU's Olsen Library with over 300,000 volumes and the private John M . Longyear Research Library with 7,000 volumes. The Marquette County Historical Museum Operated by the Marquette County Historical Society, the State's largest historical organization, the Museum is located adjacent to the Peter White Library on Front Street and is open to the public. The museum features exhibits, artifacts, and research materials related to the heritage and cultural development of Marquette County. The museum has expressed an interest in relocating and expanding on another site. Upper Peninsula Children's Museum The UP Children's Museum offers a variety of interactive youth programs. These programs include the "Investigation Station" that features educational opportunities through investigation and creativity. The museum also hosts weekly programs such as story time, an animal exploration program, cooking demonstrations, and a youth journalism program . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 55 �The Marquette Maritime Museum The Lakeview Arena serves as an ad hoc venue for some performing arts 56 �Chapter Five - Community Facilities MooseWood Nature Center The MooseWood Nature Center is a non-profit organization whose goal is to promote understanding and stewardship of the natural environment. The center is located in the Shiras Pool Building on Presque Isle and offers numerous informational programs. They also offer a number of educational sessions geared specifically toward school children . Shiras Planetarium The planetarium is located at Marquette Senior High School, and offers a schedule of public astronomical shows for all age groups. The Marquette Maritime Museum The museum, located on Lakeshore Boulevard near the Lower Harbor breakwater in the historic sandstone waterworks building, provides a glimpse of the Great Lakes' and Marquette area's nautical histories. Self-guided displays include exhibits of old boats and marine hardware and memorabilia . Kaufman Auditorium The historic Kaufman Auditorium, built in 1928 and renovated in the early 1990's, seats approximately 830 people and serves as the community's only theater specifically designed for performing . The facility is maintained by the Marquette Area Public School District and is housed in the Graveraet Middle School building . Community and NMU groups utilize Kaufman extensively, with a majority of performances being geared toward the general public. Forest Roberts Theater Located on the campus of Northern Michigan University campus, the Forest Roberts Theater is an excellent college theater seating 540 people . University related events dominate the schedule with community groups competing for the few remaining free days . While performances are largely NMU related, most are open to the public. • Reynolds Recital Hall This recital hall is also located on the campus of Northern Michigan University, in the newly renovated Hedgecock Building . Other Performing Arts Areas There are several other locations in Marquette that have been used for performing arts events in the past but which are designed for activities completely different and thus are severely limited in their effectiveness . Among the areas used in the past have been St. Peter's Cathedral, the Marquette High School auditorium, three lecture rooms in Jamrich Hall at Northern Michigan University, the Superior Dome, Lakeview Arena, and the Downtown Commons area . The Superior Dome and Lakeview Arena are currently used for large, single event performances such as nationally known music acts that attract several thousand spectators. Both arenas serve adequately in this regard, though they suffer from somewhat poor acoustics. Some performing arts venues, such as the popular Boathouse Theater, will need to be addressed in the future potentially by moving the theater to a different location . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 57 �Partridge Bay MARQUETTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN Recreational Facilities O.t.t5ourc~ 1•,llirqlldltP.-b& ~«re.bOtlPlan. ZOCD No,,,gPnn: USA Mlpof M ~ County 550 0.■ ie--C::::J--III0.[3:==::j 0. 6 Miles Presque Isle Harbor t"" > ~ m RNERST C/l ~ !"o Marquette Bay tTl ,:i ..... 0 CJ City Park N Existing Bike Path ,:i /'v Future Bike Path Pioneer Road Softball Diamond Map 5.5: Marquette's Recreational Facilities 58 Ii �Chapter Five - Community Facilities ~ Art GalleriesNisual Arts With the exception of a few generally small sites, there is not much space in Marquette for use by the public or by community groups for display or creation of the visual arts. The Lee Hall Gallery at Northern Michigan University, one of the few public spaces in the local area specifically designed for art display, is used by the University for all but three weeks of the year. Construction of a new Art and Design addition is currently underway at the University and will include two new art galleries. Completion of the new addition is expected in the fall of 2004. The Marquette Arts and Culture Center, located within the Peter Wh ite Library, is also used for the display and promotion of arts within the City. Occasionally, areas in shopping malls, City Hall, restaurants, and motel lobbies are also used for art exhibition . Several private art galleries are located in the City that display and sell local arts and crafts . Marquette has few community spaces specifically designed as creative areas for arts in classroom, workshop, or studio form . Those private areas that are available are severely limited in the ir use . The Women's Federated Clubhouse, the Peter White Public Library, and the Community Center section of City Hall have space available for public meetings. However, they rarely accommodate the visual arts and their use is restricted with regard to scheduling and accessibility. Despite the current lack of suitable venues for the creation and display of the visual arts, the City is committed to investigating additional opportun ities to create or enhance these cultural venues. • ~ ,,.------. " RECREATIONAL PARKS AND OPEN SPACE The City of Marquette abounds with almost 500 acres of public recreation land (See Map 5.5). Hilly to rugged terrain and natural landforms characterize much of the City, although it is Lake Superior with its rocky shoreline and sand beaches that dominates the visual landscape. The scenic beauty of the lake shoreline is also one of the City's greatest assets w ith regard to economic development. Such natural assets, unique physiography, and a distinct climate enables the City to offer a variety of recreational programs and facilities not practical or feasible in other communities. In addition to the public recreation lands located within the City limits, many nearby local, county, state and federal parks, and acres of corporate property held by mining and forest companies are available for public recreation . Regional Parks Presque Isle Park and Marina Marquette's recreational crown jewel is located on Presque Isle, a 323-acre forested oval-shaped headland that juts into Lake Superior at the northern tip of the City. For over 110 years, most of "the Island", as it is referred to by local residents, has been kept out of development to preserve its natural beauty. Major facilities at the year-round park include an indoor pavil ion, picnic areas, crosscountry ski/nature trails, tenn is courts, grassy open areas, a scenic perimeter drive, band shelter, playground, and large outdoor swimming pool. Most of the improvements are concentrated in the south part of the park near the entrance. Presque Isle is also the site of the Upper Harbor breakwater and lighthouse and the City-owned 97-slip Presque Isle Marina . ,,.._ I Marquette Master Plan - 2003 59 �"Marquette offers a high quality of life with abundant recreation opportunities." "Our beaches and lakes provide wonderfully healthy areas for our children, grandchildren and adults. Please don't take [it] for granted." Entrance to Presque Isle Park "Water quality, green space, etc. should receive priority attention when making decisions." Shoreline along Lake Superior Children's playground at Mattson Lower Harbor Park 60 �Chapter Five - Community Facilities Tourist Park Located off County Road 550, this 40-acre park provides visitors and residents with a swimming beach, fishing, softball, hiking and picnicking facilities and a campground with 110 campsites. The park is home of the annual Hiawatha Music Festival held in August. In May of 2003, Tourist Park suffered severe damage as a result of the Dead River flood. Rushing waters from an upstream breach in the Silver Lake dam caused the earthen dam at Tourist Park to give way, resulting in the draining of the Tourist Park Basin . In addition to the draining of the basin, the area was affected by severe erosion and sedimentation . Clean-up efforts are currently underway as City leaders continue to investigate options for the repairing the basin and park area . Community Parks and Playgrounds Lake Superior Shoreline The City of Marquette has approximately twelve miles of shoreline along Lake Superior, the majority (56%) of which is owned by the City of Marquette. A large portion of th is area is preserved for open space and recreational facilities. Facilities such as Presque Isle Park, Shiras Park/Picnic Rocks, Mattson Lower Harbor Park, and South Park Beach are all situated along the Lake Superior shoreline . A bike path runs the length of the shoreline between Presque Isle and the southern City limits with the exception of the area between the southern/western end of Mattson Park and the southern end of South Park Beach . Plans for the completion of this segment of the bike path system exist. The area of shoreline south of South Park Beach to the City limits is all zoned for recreational use but is unimproved . Ellwood A. Mattson Lower Harbor Park and Cinder Pond Marina Located on Lakeshore Boulevard just north of the ore dock in Marquette's Lower Harbor, this 22-acre park has a large grassy open space, park benches, picnic tables, playground, concession stand/ restrooms, a shoreline bike path running through the length of the park, and an illuminated walkway (period style lighting) paralleling the waterfront. The park has become the City's most popular site for special summer events, regional festivals, concerts, fireworks displays, and other large gatherings. During the winter months, a lighted outdoor ice rink is located in the park. A 101-slip municipal marina was constructed in 1995 at the east end of the park at the Cinder Pond site. Marquette Community Center Attached to the Marquette City Hall, the community center provides a gymnasium that is used for basketball, volleyball, exercise classes, and a variety of other activities such as Senior and special education programs. The facility is universally-accessible and is open to the general public during work week lunch hours. Marquette Senior Center The Marquette Senior Center, located on Baraga Avenue, provides a variety of services for Marquette's senior population. Such services include general information dissemination and referral services, health programs, arts and crafts programs, cooking demonstrations, and other miscellaneous support services. Shiras Park Located off Lakeshore Boulevard on the shore of Lake Superior, Shiras Park is flanked by Picnic Rocks to the north and McCarty's Cove adjacent to the U.S. Coast Guard Station to the south (Both locations are a part of Shiras Park). Along with grassy open space and picnic tables, principal features include a lengthy sand swimming beach, parking areas, and a linear shoreline bike path . Marqu ette Master Plan - 2003 61 �62 �Chapter Five - Community Facilities North Marquette Athletic Field North Marquette Athletic Field, located on Presque Isle Avenue, contains a softball diamond, two regulation baseball diamonds, a junior baseball diamond, basketball court, playground equipment, outdoor ice rink (lighted), restrooms, soccer field, and spectator bleachers including barrier-free seating . This facility is mainly used by Marquette area softball and baseball leagues. Hurley Field Hurley Field is located in a residential neighborhood in the heart of "South Marquette" . The 2.5-acre facility includes a lighted outdoor softball field and adjoining tot lot and basketball court. With a long-standing fast pitch softball tradition, it is arguably Marquette's most popular ball field. River Park Sports Complex Located in the north part of Marquette off Hawley Street, the sports complex contains four softball diamonds and three soccer fields . Supporting facilities include spectator seating, restrooms, and picnic areas . Pioneer Park The 3-acre park, located at the west end of Pioneer Road, consists of a regulation softball field . This facility has not been used extensively since the opening of the River Park Sports Complex. Mount Marquette Lookout Mount Marquette is located in the south part of the City in undeveloped wooded terrain . Accessed by Mount Marquette Road near the Carp River, a lookout at the summit provides a scenic, panoramic view of the City of Marquette and Lake Superior. A groomed snowmobile trail and hiking trails are also located at the site. Fit-Strip/ Cemetery Cross-Country Trail Located in the central part of the City at the southwest corner of the Park Cemetery, this recreational site contains lighted cross-country ski trails during the winter months. The pathways also serve as jogging trails in the summer and include developed exercise stations. South Beach Park Located immediately south of the municipal power plant off of Lake Street in South Marquette, South Beach has a swimming beach on Lake Superior with a lifeguard, universally-accessible restrooms, a viewing platform facing the lake, and a paved parking area. Neighborhood Parks and Playgrounds Williams Park Williams Park is located off Ohio Street across the roadway from Parkview Elementary School. The 2acre park has tennis courts, a basketball court, tot lot equipment, park benches, a landscaped/ terraced area, picnic tables, and a paved play area . Harlow Park One of Marquette's older parks, this 5-acre site is located on the north side of Washington Street, south of the park cemetery. It contains the Veteran's Memorial Mall, as well as numerous benches and trees, a paved play area, tot lot equipment, and a basketball court. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 63 �Giants Foot Park The City hopes to expand the existing trail system throughout Marquette 64 Ii �Chapter Five - Community Facilities Shiras Hills Park and Giants Foot Park These relatively small facilities are located in the south part of the City in two residential neighborhoods. Both include hard playing surfaces, a basketball court, playground equipment, and grassy open space . Miscellaneous Greenspace Father Marquette/Lakeside Park Located adjacent to the Marquette Chamber of Commerce building, these small green areas overlook Lake Superior and Marquette's Lower Harbor. Features include grassy open space, landscaping, benches, and a statue of Father Jacques Marquette. Pocket Park This small park fronting Washington Street in the Downtown core consists of a grassy area with benches and lighting nestled between commercial buildings. The park is also used for seasonal noon concerts and is accessible by elevator from the city parking ramp in addition to the street. Spring Street Park This 3-acre park is located near the Snowberry Heights senior housing complex on Spring Street. The park currently consists of a large grassy open space with concrete walks meandering throughout the site. The space is used as a lighted outdoor ice rink during the winter months. Downtown Commons Located near the corner of Washington and Third Streets, the Downtown Commons offers convenient parking for Downtown businesses as well as other features . When completed, the area will offer public restrooms, a public ice-skating rink, a warming house, and other amenities . There are also plans to include a water element piece of art, space for a farmer's market, and connections to the existing bike path . La Bonte Park This small parcel of green space is located on Lakeshore Boulevard, south of the Dead River. It is used primarily for pedestrians walking to and from Presque Isle . Bike Path The City of Marquette is fortunate to have an extensive path system, covering almost 14 miles, that provides public access for bikers and pedestrians to some of the most scenic areas of the City. The Holly S. Greer Shoreline Bike Path is located along the Lake Superior shoreline from Presque Isle to Mattson park. It is also part of the larger North Country Trail System. While still in progress, th is 4,000 mile footpath is planned to link communities and scenic wilderness areas across seven northern states from New York to North Dakota . In addition to the shoreline bike path, paths and fitness trails are provided along the McClellan Avenue corridor extending almost the entire north-south length of the City. In order to help complete the " gaps " that currently exist in the system, both the Master Plan and the City's current Recreation Master Plan call for several new segments to be added, totaling an additional 6 miles of trails. These include the new Lower Harbor greenway that will provide connections from Mattson Park to Mount Marquette Road in the City's far south. The Master Plan also identifies the need for a pathway along Mount Marquette Road and north to connect with the existing McClellan Avenue system . These new additions would provide a complete bike trail around the entire City of Marquette. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 65 �Proposed location for a linear park along the former rail line 66 Ji �Revisions to Current Park and Recreation Plan • • • • • • In 1999, the City of Marquette revised its Park and Recreation Master Plan . This new plan identifies deficiencies in the current system as well as new opportunities to extend its facilities and services. The proposals presented in the revised plan include: • Upgrades to Tourist Park • Development of a comprehensive trail system • Upgrades to Presque Isle and its marina • Development of new soccer facilities • Development of a kayak / canoe facility • Creation of new neighborhood parks in underserved areas • Upgrades to outdoor ice rink • Development of a linear park along Washington Street railroad corridor One other critical issue that surfaced in the new Park and Recreation Master Plan is the need for "special climate-driven and adapted recreation planning and design for all City recreational facilities to change and improve winter livability" (Northern Planning Associates 1999). Such planning would focus directly on Marquette's vision to become a winter destination with the outdoor recreation programs and facilities needed to attract visitors. City leaders feel strongly that winter is a strategic advantage for Marquette, and that development of a comprehensive recreation plan to address winter opportunities would be a distinct advantage. Attention should be given to the types of winter activities available, the design of the facilities to improve comfort and use, as well -as the marketing and promotion of these activities to help send the message that Marquette is truly a premier winter destination . Specific details regarding the recreation inventory, recommendations, and prioritization can be found in the City of Marquette Parks and Recreation Master Plan, 1999 . • • • Marquette Master Plan - 2003 67 �~ ~ ~ /F' "Listen to all voices and interests, and make decisions on long-term benefits/interest of entire community." ,.--.... I" ,,.........__ I" "Please listen to the people who live here." ~ Residents discuss their ideas at a Community Visioning Session 11 People seem to becoming more involved which is evident in attendance at community events." Walter Ku/ash discusses traffic considerations at a public meeting Residents review the results of the Community Visions Sessions 68 �Chapter Six - Public Participation Strategies Chapter Six PUBLIC PARTICIPATION STRATEGIES INTRODUCTION The inclusion of public participation is often a required component of any planning effort. Unfortunately, this public participation component too often consists of a public meeting where participants are simply asked to "sign-off" on an existing plan or course of action. Such a format does not allow for a meaningful discourse between the residents of a community and the planning body. In order to truly represent the wishes and opinions of the local community, public participation must be an ongoing process throughout the life of the project. It must also use a number of different mediums in order to reach the largest possible segment of the population, in hopes of representing the needs of the entire community. The City of Marquette has taken very seriously this need for public input as a way to ensure their master plan is an accurate reflection of their residents' vision for the future . Throughout this document, quotes from community residents have been highlighted and statistics relating to the results of the public participation process have been used to identify issues that Marquette residents feel most strong ly about. This chapter represents the sum total of all of this community input. It outlines the processes that have been used to collect meaningful input from the community and reports the full results of these participation sessions. This chapter will outline the public input results from the community visioning sessions, student visioning sessions, written survey, and telephone survey. METHODS OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION The City of Marquette's dedication to meaningful public participation is immediately evident upon examining the number of different mediums that have been employed in order to reach the greatest population. Such mediums include: • Community Visioning Sessions - Four Community Visioning sessions were conducted by the Beckett & Raeder consulting firm in order to solicit public opinion regarding the master planning process. These sessions were open to the public and sought to determine residents' opinions on the following topics : o Where are we now? o Where are we going? o Where do we want to be? o How do we get there? • Student Visioning Sessions - During a special Community Visioning session, Beckett & Raeder hosted a student workshop with a group of student council members from Marquette Senior High School. The workshop collected student opinions about the City's "pros and cons" as well as their ideas for Marquette's future . • Written survey - A 40-question survey was distributed to local residents. A total of 459 surveys were collected and analyzed as part of the public participation process . • Telephone survey/ interview - The same 40 questions were presented to 380 residents selected at random to receive a telephone survey. • Informational Web-site - An informational web-site (www.OurCommunityPlan.com) was created in order to keep residents up to date on the progress of the master planning effort. The site contains details about the project, special announcements, current status, and documentation of a number of important informational documents . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 69 �Residents attend a meeting to discuss plans for the Lower Harbor waterfront Maps displaying characteristics of Marquette were placed on public display 70 �Chapter Six - Public Participation Strategies • • Informational videos and public television spots - Several special sessions (such as the presentations by Dan Burden and Wa lter Kulash) were videotaped and aired on the public television cable channel. Videos discussing the current issues facing Marquette, as well as programs discussing future scenarios and recommendations will also be aired to the general public. Public displays with comment cards - Maps depicting different analyses and draft recommendations regarding Marquette's master plan were placed on display at the local library. The public was encouraged to review the information and fill out comment cards with their issues and ideas. PARTICIPATION RESULTS General Themes Although community members addressed a wide variety of concerns, there were a few common themes that were evident regardless of the method in which the information was collected. Generally, Marquette residents felt strongly about the following subjects: • Appreciation of Marquette's natural resources, and a desire to protect them • • • Appreciation and desire to maintain Marquette's "small town atmosphere", particularly its high quality residential neighborhoods Concern regarding the lack of high-quality and diverse employment opportunities • Desire to revitalize the downtown business district and increase its connection to the waterfront Dislike of the sprawling development pattern evident along U.S.41 • Frustration over the growing traffic congestion within the City • Need to protect and promote the historic quality of buildings and neighborhoods • Concern over the influence of NMU and MGH, particularly as it relates to the City's tax base and the effects of the student population on residential housing areas Desire to create a walkable city through increased pedestrian trails and connections • These general themes, presented in detail on the following pages, were recorded and translated into a comprehensive list of Marquette's guiding principles and a series of public policy statements that support them . The establishment of these community "themes" formed the framework for the community master plan . • Marquette Master Plan - 2003 71 �Marquette is striving to be a premiere a/I-season destination Residents want to enhance recreation opportunities along Lake Superior 72 �Chapter Six - Public Participation Strategies A Great Community Marquette embodies all of the great attributes of a great community - history, a traditional downtown, a working waterfront, quaint neighborhoods, prominent institutions, natural beauty, and friendly people. A great community is necessary to promote growth and diversity of population, housing, employment opportunities, and tax base. Obiectives 1. 2. • • • • • • • • Promote Marquette's all season quality of life as a premier Winter City. Maintain Marquette's image as an Upper Peninsula community by developing design standards that reflect and reinforce Marquette's local values. 3. Promote new growth within the community by directing development opportunities to vacant and underutilized properties. 4. Maintain and enhance all season public access and recreation opportunities along Lake Superior. 5. Protect the community's cultural heritage by preserving its architectural and historically significant properties. 6. Continue the revitalization and redevelopment of downtown Marquette. 7. Make Marquette a year-round walkable community. 8. Encourage planned, coordinated, thoughtful, and sensitive, expansion of Northern Michigan University and Marquette General Hospital, especially those expansions that respect the inherent values of the neighborhoods . 9. Recognize and promote the arts as a necessary ingredient for a livable city. 10. Consider winter-related issues in the evaluation of building and project proposals in the City. 11 . Communicate with other northern communities that experience similar climatic conditions to sha re ideas and solutions to common problems. 12 . Encourage and support outdoor winter recreational and cultural activities . 13 . Encourage building and site design, which makes the man-made environment and the city appear vibrant in the gray and wh ite winter season . 14. Promote the establishment of regional partnerships w ith adjacent mun icipalities and other governmental agencies focusing on commun ity planning, environmental, economic development and delivery of service issues . • • • Marquette Master Plan - 2003 73 �Neighborhoods should be designed to promote walkability and liveability Residents are committed to maintaining high-quality neighborhoods 74 �Chapter Six - Public Participation Strategies Viable and Liveable Neighborhoods Neighborhoods are the foundation of the community. Every neighborhood should have a well-maintained housing stock, connections to public facilities, be walkable, and possess its own sense of place and uniqueness. re • • • • • • • • • • • • • Obiectives 1. Promote housing policies, which favor investment in the maintenance of existing housing, and the continued stability of Marquette's residential neighborhoods. 2. Focus reinvestment activities, such as owner and rental occupied housing improvement loan and grants, in those neighborhoods, which show signs of incipient housing decline. 3. Utilize public infrastructure capital improvements as a means to leverage private reinvestment in neighborhood housing . 4. Ensure that zoning regulations allow for a diversity of housing types, densities and mixed uses, i.e. small lot single family, cluster housing, upper story apartments, live/ work units, and granny flats . 5. Encourage the designation and utilization of locally designated historic districts to promote historically appropriate exterior modifications . 6. Ensure that single-family residential zoning districts reflect the actual yard, dimension, and bulk requirements of the residential units and lots in order to avoid neighborhood-wide nonconformity. 7. Encourage a mix of housing types and price ranges including affordable, mid and high-end housing . 8. Encourage the establishment of active neighborhood associations . 9. Implement a citywide rental housing inspection program and work with landlords of substandard housing to improve the condition and quality of rental housing. 10. Consider the establishment of an exterior maintenance code enforcement program in neighborhoods exhibiting signs of housing decline . 11 . Coordinate efforts with Northern Michigan University to promote non-dormitory housing in walkable proximity to the campus . 12. Institute a long-term program to develop neighborhood specific walkability master plans where the City and neighborhood residents collaborate on the identification of programs and projects . 13 . Promote and encourage neighborhood public school facilities . 14. Provide for all season non-motorized connections (i .e. sidewalks, pathways, and trails) within each neighborhood to community and public facilities . 15. Encourage opportunities for the introduction of limited, neighborhood-based, retail uses in residential neighborhoods. 16. Encourage pedestrian scale neighborhoods with appropriate amenities such as pedestrian scale lighting, street trees, grass terraces, and street widths applying traffic calming principles and the Institute of Traffic Engineers (ITE) guidelines . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 75 �Revitalization of their historic Downtown is a top priority for residents The Lower Harbor redevelopment project will help extend the Downtown 76 �Chapter Six - Public Participation Strategies A Historic and Diverse 24-7 Downtown If a community were an organism then the downtown would be its heart. The health and pulse of the downtown is a direct reflection of the community. Downtown Marquette needs to strive to be a 24 hour 7 day a week downtown containing retail shops, dining, entertainment, offices, and residences. A strong downtown is a strong community. Obiectives 1. 2. t9 e e • • • Ensure that downtown remains the activity focal point of the community. Protect first floor building space from being converted to offices for professional and service firms . 3. Continue efforts to procure housing for the downtown. 4. Utilize the former Soo Line "roundhouse" property for a residential and mixed-use infill project with access to the downtown . 5. Encourage and recruit additional entertainment venues into the downtown . 6. Extend the downtown to the Lower Harbor redevelopment project with physical and economic connections along Baraga Avenue and Lakeshore Boulevard to a proposed hotel and conference center, and residential developments. 7. Redevelop underutilized surface parking areas for mixed-use infill projects. 8. Continue streetscape improvements west to McClellan Avenue. 9. Continue to provide funding programs that encourage the improvement of facades, signage, and exterior building elements . 10. Investigate the potential of designating the downtown as a National and Local historic district. 11 . Work with the organizations and business owners to encourage entrepreneurship (i .e. training, advertising methods, window displays, merchandize lighting) and provide business hours that meet the needs of consumer. 12 . Promote the development of a pedestrian scale downtown environment that functions well in all seasons. 13 . Utilize overlay zoning to protect and increase property values, encourage the appropriate renovation of historic buildings, and maintain a pedestrian quality to the downtown. 14. Keep City Hall, the Post Office, and other city, county, state and federal governmental offices in the downtown . 15. Improve downtown transit connections and establish a climate-responsive bus shelter in the downtown, to encourage all season utilization of transit as a viable transportation alternative . • • • ·• • Marquette Master Plan - 2003 n �This roundabout is an example of a new approach to help curb traffic congestion (Source: Portland Office of Transportation 2003) As this example depicts, roads should be designed to accommodate nonmotorized transportation (Source: Burden 2003) 78 �Chapter Six - Public Participation Strategies An Efficient, Functional, and Connected Vehicular Transportation System The ability to move people, services, and goods to and within a community is paramount for its economic well-being . The community transportation system should be an efficient network of streets, functional in their design, and connected with each other. The transportation system should provide a reasonable level of service for vehicular traffic without impacting adjacent land uses . Streets need to be liveable. Obiectives 1. Review and revise citywide cross-section standards for each street type. These standards should apply to roadway construction and re-construction and result in the reduction of roadway pavement width, an increase of the terrace (zone between the curb and sidewalk) area, and employ traffic calming principles. 2. Extend McClellan Avenue to Wright Street. 3. Extend Seventh Street from US-41 to Washington Street. 4. Extend M-554 west into Marquette Township providing a future east-west connection between these municipalities. 5. Establish the Fair/ Kaye connection adjacent to Northern Michigan University and Marquette General Hospital. 6. Work with MOOT to realign the US-41 / Front Street intersection . 7. Establish Genesee Street as the intersection accessing the Lower Harbor area . 8. Boulevard with landscape medians portions of McClellan Avenue between US-41 and M-554 intersection . 9. Implement recommendations of the Transportation Framework Plan . 10. Implement a quality, creative, and comprehensive signage and wayfinding system for the community. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 79 �The above examples show how a walkable community can contribute to a high quality of life (Source: Burden 2003) 80 �Chapter Six - Public Participation Strategies A Walkable Community Maintenance of quality of life is a key issue for the community. There is no better determinate and ingredient to maintain quality of life than carrying out a design to keep and expand the walkability of the City of Marquette. Walkability and Quality of Life are tightly linked . Marquette's future quality of life will be determined by minimizing the amount of time residents are in motorized traffic, minimizing crossing widths of principle streets, and provisions for active living patterns accentuating walking and bicycling for all ages. Obiectives 1. Roads should be kept small and well linked . 2. Evaluate land uses practices to ensure that they do not generate more and longer trips, or reduce and compress trips. 3. Land use and sustainable development are regional issues, which affect Marquette's quality of life. Close communication and coordination of planning are needed to prevent the improper sizing and placement of schools, libraries, parks and big box retail, which will add to increase traffic trips and congestion . 4. There must be a balance between the quality of life associated with a Winter City and snow removal. Marquette needs to become the North American leader in progressive snow management/removal practices, and balance the needs of the automobile with those of pedestrians in the winter season . 5. As residents age there is a need for quality affordable and appropriately designed housing in a choice of central locations in the community where walking, not driving is the preferred mode of transportation . 6. The City needs to evaluate its parking practices and requ irements . Off-street parking must be minimized in order to achieve proper infill, mixed use, compact housing, and a w alkable community. 7. All season connections and linkages between neighborhoods and community facilities are needed to increase the ease, safety, and convenience of walking and bicycling . 8. Implement recommendations outl ined in the Walkable Communities element of the Master Plan . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 81 �Marquette is encouraging the development of new "clean industries" The City is encouraging the reuse of abandoned facilities 82 �Chapter Six - Public Participation Strategies • • • • • • • Economic Diversity: A Family Sustainable Workplace A job opportunity for all age groups is important to foster a community quality of life . Without a full spectrum of job opportunities certain segments of the population will depart the community and in doing so affect the overall quality of life. Likewise, the absence of job opportunities will impair the recruitment of new families to the community. Therefore, familysustainable jobs are important to the community's future . Obiectives 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Encourage business development, which provides for a diversity of employment opportunities and a living wage. The shift from a natural resource extraction based economy (i .e. mining and lumber) to a service economy (education and medical services) has created a more stable economic environment for the City. The City and the Marquette region should embrace a strategy of developing a professional based service economy including the medical, higher education, and allied professions . Util ize the community's telecommunications infrastructure, university, medical and natural assets to recruit non-service sector businesses such as telecommunications, internet, software development, pharmaceutical and biotechnology research in the Iron Bay Business Park . Nationwide as the population ages, younger retirees are seeking locations possessing tertiary medical facilities , educational and cultural oppo_rtunities, and a quality environment. The City should position itself to recruit this mobile and higher-income population segment. · Continue redevelopment efforts of the Lower Harbor, former Orphanage property, and other brownfield and greyfield sites as mixed-use projects. Promote all season eco-tourism, sport tourism, and heritage tourism as a way to increase the awareness of our natural surroundings and also to develop the Marquette economy. Establish programs, which promote the retention and growth of existing businesses . Work with the Lake Superior Community Partnership to foster economic development opportunities in the City and greater Marquette area. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 83 �The City is developing regulations to protect sensitive natural resources Residents feel strongly about protecting their natural resources 84 �Chapter Six - Public Participation Strategies Living and Designing with Nature - A defining attribute of Marquette is its rugged natural beauty and its distinctive, four season climate . In combination, Lake Superior, the watersheds and their tributaries, woodlands, and varied topography frame the community and give it an undeniable appeal. Living with nature and the ability to accommodate new growth in the community while respecting the natural heritage and climatic factors of the region is extremely important for future generations and Marquette's quality of life . Obiectives 1. 2. Recognize Lake Superior as Marquette's premiere focal point. Ensure that appropriate standards and regulations are incorporated into the City Zoning Ordinance that encourage quality land and site design with appropriate considerations for winter. 3. Establish regulations, which will encourage the sensitive development of properties within the South McClellan Avenue and Marquette Mountain area . 4. Enact regulations, which manage storm water runoff and protect the water quality of Marquette's watersheds and tributaries . 5. Adopt watershed overlay zoning provisions for the Whetstone Brook, Orianna Creek, Dead River, and Carp River watersheds. 6. Promote a compact urban development pattern by redeveloping and remediating known brownfield properties within the City with tax revenue producing projects. 7. Develop a community wide greenways system, in cooperation with other organizations and agencies, which incorporates community parks and open space, the lakefront, mountain bike trails, and other pathways. 8. Expand the urban forestry restoration program to plant more trees within the City, with emphasis on native trees and shrub species to increase the amount of winter greenery in the City. 9. Encourage landscaping treatments which improve winter micro-climatic conditions and reduce wind chill 10. Establish night-sky regulations to manage evening outdoor light pollution . 11. Promote environmental stewardship with a partnership between the City and its citizens . Marqu ette Master Plan - 2003 85 �The lake Superior shoreline is particularly important to residents Many residents are concerned about increasing traffic congestion Marquette's many historic homes are in need of protection 86 �Chapter Six - Public Participation Strategies • • • COMMUNITY VISIONING RESULTS Marquette's community development department sponsored four Community Visioning workshops over a period of three days. Consultants, Beckett & Raeder, facilitated the workshops, which were open to the general public and held at the Community Forum in the Lakeview Arena . Participants were divided into groups of 4-5 and asked to participate in a series of brainstorming exercises that focused on four primary questions: • Where are we now? • Where are we going? • Where do we want to be? And • How are we going to get there? These exercises helped residents to identify issues confronting their community and generate ideas for the future direction of the city. Where are We Now? Participants were asked to think about the "current state of affairs" in Marquette from two different angles: 1) Assessing Marquette's assets and weaknesses, 2) Defining issues and concerns about living in Marquette today. Overwhelmingly, participants noted Marquette's natural resources and recreational opportunities as top assets of the community. The forests, Lake Superior and its shoreline, rivers and streams, the bike path, and other recreational opportunities were all identified as important community assets. The small town atmosphere and friendly people were also often noted as assets about living in Marquette. Even as most participants felt that Marquette has a high quality of life, they feel the city lacks diverse and "high quality" employment opportunities. Many feel this is a deterrent for young people remaining in Marquette. Other issues that came out as top liabilities include the traffic and retail sprawl around the city. These two issues were often linked, as one table put it "many dangerous roads around retail sprawl" . Many felt Marquette has too much traffic congestion for a city of its size. Several issues had both a positive and negative element associated with them . For example, participants are proud of the bikepath running along the waterfront streets, but would like to see better connectivity into the neighborhoods and beyond . Also, participants identified the historic architecture and use of sandstone as an indigenous building material, but are concerned that a lack of historic preservation might mean a loss of these assets in the future . Similarly, participants are proud of the city's neighborhoods and housing stock, but identified a lack of affordable housing and diverse housing in the city as a weakness . ~ Northern Michigan University is another example, where participants noted the school as an asset for the cultural events that it brings to the comm unity. However, many noted some effects of the school as liabilities, such as student housing and traffic encroaching into neighborhoods. Many also noted the abundance of tax-exempt property owned by the university as a key concern for the city 's future budget. While still considering the question " Where are we now?" , participants were asked to identify the most pressing issues and concerns that Marquette is facing . Those identified as the top issues focus around three categories: Neighborhood Issues, Development Issues and Jobs/Quality of Life Issues. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 87 �~ ~ ,.........___ /1 ~ r Small groups work together to generate ideas regarding Marquette's future ,--..__ ,- ,--..__ ,...._ Participants in the Community Visioning Sessions share their ideas 88 �Chapter Six - Public Participation Strategies Neighborhood Issues: Preserving neighborhood quality is a high priority for residents, particularly as it relates to the encroachment of student housing into residential areas. Participants felt these rental houses are not well-maintained and that students disrespect their neighbors with late night noise and other "rowdy" behavior. Other neighborhood issues included parking on lawns and sidewalks, and the lack of sidewalk snow removal. Other groups pointed out the need for historic preservation of the housing stock in neighborhoods. Development Issues: Participants identified Downtown and the adjacent waterfront as a key development priority. Protection of the Lake Superior shoreline was also a critical issue according to some. Others would like to see retail development along the shoreline, while maintaining public access to the waterfront. A "livable" and "walkable" Downtown was identified as an important element in any future development of the downtown . Some groups identified specific land areas and their concern for how these will be developed or preserved . These areas included the Carp River Valley (The Bishop Trust land), and the south rail yard along the lakefront. Tax-exempt property, such as the university and hospital, was identified as an important concern, especially because these institutions are not contributing taxes to city services. Jobs/Quality of Life: Schools, jobs, and maintaining a high-quality environment were all identified as important concerns for the future quality of life in Marquette . Many noted the lack of employment opportunities and "family-sustaining" jobs and how these deficiencies may be related to the loss of young people . Others expressed concern that the future closing of the mine in Ishpeming will have a ripple effect on Marquette's economy and job base. • • • • • ~ ~ ~ Declining enrollment in schools and the budget cuts were of great concern to many participants . Many were concerned about the resulting loss of neighborhood schools and the elimination of programs in schools. They fear this w ill mean a loss of academic quality. Other comments not related to the above broad issues include the following : • Loss of forest land • Traffic congestion - • The need for a positive business environment astute traffic planning needed • Financial equity issues • Adequate funding for city services • "Big Box " replacing small businesses • Signage and visual landscape consistency ~ Marquette Master Plan - 2003 89 �Residents are fearful that "sprawl" along U.S.41 will continue to worsen "Big-box" retailers threathen the viability of Marquette's Downtown Residents want to see historical buildings reused, not demolished 90 �Chapter Six - Public Participation Strategies Where are We Going? After reviewing a list of trends specific to Marquette, participants were asked to imagine probable scenarios of what Marquette will look like in 10 to 15 years if these trends continue. Discussions were focused around five topics: Recreation/ Cultural Activities, Development, Transportation and Walkability, Neighborhoods and Housing Types, and Employment and Job Opportunities. These discussions produced some gloomy possible scenarios. As one group put it, Marquette would have a "lack of neighborhood services, decreased walkability, increased traffic, no neighborhood stores, and no neighborhood schools ." Many participants pointed out that they feel the City has measures in place to prevent some of these negative outcomes. At the same time, participants recognized that these "pressing issues" need to be confronted before they become problems. Issues participants noted included the following: Recreation I Cultural Activities • Increased demand for "senior" services and activities Decline in city services because of decreased tax base Snowmobile "hell" • Development: Where, Type & Quality • Linear retail sprawl out of city • • • • • • • • • • Destruction of "sense of place" • Too many franchised businesses - money leaves the city • Abandoned downtown (or overabundance of real estate agencies) • People moving to townships • Institutions gobbling up more and more taxable property • Development of The Bishop Trust land into ¼ acre lots with no access • Degradation of woodlands Transportation and Walkability • Uncontrolled traffic patterns • • Too great of a reliance on personal automobiles; not enough utilization of public transportation Continued traffic problems related to NMU/MGH and Marquette High School • Increase in bad drivers due to the aging factor Neighborhoods and Housing Types • Continued school decline and perhaps falling quality • Affordable housing becomes less and less available • Loss of historic buildings • Upscale developments and less emphasis on mid-level housing • Further deterioration of housing stock • Continued erosion of neighborhood businesses Employment and Job Opportunities • Loss of opportunity for young people • Predominance on non-career type employment • Domino effect from mine closing Marquette Master Plan - 2003 91 �Table 6. 1: Summary of "Preferred Futures" at each Visioning Session March 4th, 7 p.m. . . . ... . . . . Cluster development with site plan review Mixed-use neighborhoods Recreational opportunities that do not have negative impact on natural resources Youth hostels for campers, hikers, ski tourinq Greater housing for elderly with various levels of assistance Great job oooortunities for youth Re-develop downtown with full occupancy and vibrancy Stronqer role of city in new development Retention of historic architecture Develop community center on South rail yard March 5th, 2 p.m. . . . . . . . . Walkable and livable and user friendly community Connect non-motorized trails to provide a "walkable" city Diverse economy with a diverse population Vibrant downtown all day/niqht for tourists and local Preserve historic nature of city - city with personality Regional planning cooperation Like to see meaningful regional planning and zoning Maintain/expand healthy neiqhborhoods March 5th, 7 p.m. . . . . . . . . Vibrant downtown - retail, restaurants, entertainment, housing availability, pedestrian friendly, adequate parking Increased recreation based economy Adequate taxes for needed services More manufacturing Home base for high tech jobs Capitalize on unique assets (i.e. seasons, environment, history) Annex Chocolay, Marquette Townships Retain Presque Isle's uniqueness March 6th, 9 a.m . . . . . . . More residents living downtown, encourage non-motorized traffic, interconnect town and townships with bike paths, ski paths, hiking paths Maintain historic properties Retain high technoloqy jobs - hiqh waqes Middle income housing in downtown area - affordable Adequate traffic plan Environment-friendly way of life 92 �Chapter Six - Public Participation Strategies • -• --- Where Do We Want To Be? In this exercise participants articulated a vision of where the community should be in the next 10 or 15 years (See Table 6.1 ). These "preferred" scenarios were developed to show what Marquette could become if citizens and government actively respond to current trends. Those ideas that received the top "votes" are summarized into the follow scenarios: A vibrant downtown that makes use of the waterfront, promotes its historic quality, and offers a variety of retail, restaurants, and housing. Almost every group within each session commented that they would like to see a more enlivened downtown. Some groups had specific ideas, such as developing a community center on the south rail yard or creating a "commons" area . In addition to a variety of retail, entertainment and restaurants downtown, many would like to see residences and a more pedestrian-friendly environment. Several groups noted the need for historic preservation to maintain a "city with character." A recreation-based economy focusing on non-polluting forms of recreation. One group identified Marquette as a "quality winter experience." By capitalizing on this and the abundant natural resources in close proximity, Marquette could become a popular destination for outdoor recreation . According to many groups, they would like to see a focus on recreation-related economic development. Some envisioned youth hostels for hikers and more amenities for ski touring . Many groups wanted to see more of an emphasis on recreational opportunities that do not have a negative impact on natural resources and want to see Presque Isle retain its unique character. A more diverse economy including high tech, medical tech, and manufacturing jobs. Many identified the need for retaining and encouraging high-quality jobs and high wages as key components of a successful future for Marquette. Some groups would like to see more medical technology jobs; some would like to see more manufacturing jobs; and some groups envisioned high-tech, home-based jobs. The common component of all of the comments related to jobs is a greater emphasis on diversity. Diverse housing opportunities and well-maintained, healthy neighborhoods. Diversity in housing was also envisioned by many groups at the visioning sessions. "Neighborhoods will be reclaimed for single-family housing", wrote one group. Others called for more mixed-use neighborhoods, allowing for a variety of housing types as well as neighborhood retail. Another group identified the need for elderly housing with various levels of assistance. In order to protect open space, some groups would like to see more cluster development in outlying areas. Other groups emphasized affordability as a critical component to future housing projects. Connecting the great neighborhoods and vibrant downtown with trails and greenways leading to recreational opportunities and outlying areas. As one group put it, "we want a walkable, livable and user-friendly community" . Many groups identified the expansion of the bike path to create a network of trails to interconnect with neighborhoods, Downtown, and the surrounding townships. Many groups also mentioned a greater variety of ski paths and hiking paths are needed . A Greater Role for City Government. Many comments indicated a greater role for city government, including greater regional planning, site plan review, and a stronger role in new development. Many also saw a need for the city to have adequate taxes in place to fund needed services. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 93 �Residents are encouraged to voice their ideas at a public session Maps relating to the new Master Plan are posted for public display 94 . �Chapter Six - Public Participation Strategies • • • • • • • • • • • • How Do We Get There? Participants identified short-term strategies and actions intended to move the community in the direction of its "preferred" scenarios. The following is a list of some of the strategies: • Exchange ideas with, and learn from, other cities (Duluth, other winter cities, sister cities). • Create a historic district in the downtown and provide incentives for historic preservation. • Provide incentives for affordable housing . • Greater focus on environmental quality in the planning process . • Develop a bluff and slope ordinance for protection of these resources . • Greater oversight of new development to address walkability, livability goals. • Involve college students in the planning process and on city committees. • Seek active involvement by institutions: NMU and MGH. • Seek contributions for city services from these institutions. • Greater area-wide coordination (with Townships). • Annex Marquette and Chocolay Townships. • Establish a city income tax and use tax for non-residents. • Establish a rental code inspection and enforcement program . • Develop a uniform signage system . • Coordinate trail organizations and seek grant money to expand trails. • Recruit businesses by promoting high quality of life • Provide a program for paid services - such as handyman, grocery service, mowing, snow removal - for aging residents . This would provide jobs while helping aging population . • Incorporate ideas from traffic consultants • Use sensors at traffic lights Marquette Master Plan - 2003 95 �Students love Presque Isle Park, but do not like the pool Students were divided on their opinion of the "big-box" retail. Some like shopping at Wal-Mart, others said they dont' like the look of this area and feel unsafe crossing the street. The beach was a favorite spot for many of the student participants Most students indicated they don't like the Downtown because there is nothing to do. They also don't like the Lower Harbor buildings. 8 Figure 6. 1: Areas enjoyed and disliked by local students 96 The bypass was indicated as being unsafe and in need of a better bike path. �Chapter Six - Public Participation Strategies STUDENT WORKSHOP RESULTS A major challenge for Marquette is to retain its young people. Upon completing high school, many young adults leave for college and often don't return to settle in Marquette. Therefore, during a special Community Visioning session, student council members at Marquette Senior High School were asked their opinions about the city and what would make them stay. We also challenged them, as the next generation of decision-makers, to think of how they would plan for the future of their community. Students identified their likes and dislikes in two ways: first, by generating lists of "pros" and "con '.," about living in Marquette; and second, by indicating on a community map the places they like best and the least in the city (See Figure 6.1). Comments receiving the most votes are as follows : Pros: • Presque Isle Park • Bike paths • Ski hill in our town • All the new soccer fields Friendly • Golf course • PEIF and YMCA • "Lots to do in the summer " • East side neighborhoods • Dome • Old fashion downtown . Cons: • Over-developing and deforestation • • Shopping is very limited • Lack of good restaurants • • • • • • Businesses not reusing vacant bu ildings • • • • • • • Lack of Arcades and mini-golf Expansion on U.S. 41 Lack of activit ies: (roller rink/ laser tag) Cross walks needed by Target/Wal-Mart Broken down buildings on shoreline Big businesses (example: Starbuck's) coming in and replacing small businesses Too many cars Need more trees in neighborhoods Imagining a Future Marquette In small groups, students discussed the kind of community they would like to live in as an adult, perhaps ten to twenty years from now. Responding to the following questions: • Where would people live? • Where would people work? • Where would you shop? • On your day off, where would you go and what would you do? • How would you get to, work, shopping areas, and other fun places? • How would the air, water, and environment be kept clean? • What makes this "ideal" Marquette better than other places to live? Where would people live? Many of the students envisioned a greater amount of affordable housing in Marquette. Some specified where this affordable housing should be located, including " by the water ", on the east side and downtown . Students said they did not understand the purpose of building new housing before improving existing houses . "Improve existing houses and preserve trees in neighborhoods" as one group put it. Another group identified that people should live in town instead of the tearing down more woodlands. Some mentioned people will live in new subdivisions such as Oak Hills Estates . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 97 �Student Council members were included in a special community visioning session Students share their ideas about Marquette's future 98 , I �Chapter Six - Public Participation Strategies Where would people work? In general, students envisioned a greater variety of employment opportunities. Currently, they see the hospital as one of the few employment options available in Marquette. Some would like to see more environmentally-related jobs and more jobs in recreation. Many imagine more opportunities for entrepreneurs to open small businesses and doctors with their own practices. Other ideas included more technology and medical jobs, more union jobs, and an expanded mall that would provide new employment opportunities . Where would people shop? Some students suggested bringing more new stores downtown in order to attract more people. Most of the groups suggested an expanded mall for better shopping . Again, students questioned the need for new buildings instead of renovating existing structures and preserving trees. According to some students, a bigger mall here in Marquette would mean fewer trips to Green Bay, Wisconsin . The types of stores that the students would like to see include: • Sports stores such as Foot Locker and Eastbay • A Roller rink • Gift stores such as Pier One • Clothing stores such as the Gap, J. Crew, and Victoria's Secret • Huge department stores and a food court What would you do on your days off? While a few indoor pursuits were suggested, such as more restaurants and concerts, most ideas for entertainment came in the form of outdoor recreation . Students imagined residents and tourists engaging in a wide range of outdoor activities, including the following: • Water ski • • • • • • • • Swimming • Snowmobile • Sledding • Roller-blading • Camping • Boating • A Water park • Downhill skiing • • Bike rides (Marquette Mountain, back trails) Cross-country skiing How would people get to work, play? Though many students recognized the car as something here to stay, they imagine a wide range of other transportation in the future. One idea included an elaborate network of trails to be used only for roller-blading . Other groups suggested trains as a means of mass transit to and from the downtown, the university, the hospital, and neighborhoods. Most students said they do not image a bus system as a means of mass transit because they have a negative association with the current bus system . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 99 �,1 \ Students worked in small groups and presented their ideas to the class 100 �Chapter Six - Public Participation Strategies How would you ensure the natural environment is protected? Most students recommended a program for keeping the environment non-polluted and scenic, though they suggested different methods for implementing this vision. Some suggested hiring more city workers to keep things clean; others suggested using local prison inmates to do the work; and another group suggested volunteer labor by setting up programs to adopt-a-beach, adopt-a-highway, adopt-a-park, etc. Some groups envisioned better scenery with fewer gas stations and more bikes and roller blades than cars. What makes Marquette Unique? When asked what makes their future Marquette unique, they responded as follows : • Roller rink • Water park • Arcade • More beaches • • More things to do, but still relatively small, close community, 'more involvement from people Safe place to live/raise kids • Scenery / environment • Cleaner, more to do • Its location on Lake Superior, lots of trees, lots of fresh water, secluded, diverse • Lots of churches/ religions Other Ideas Students gave some final suggestions to improve the city. These included more cultural events and festivals. They would like to see more summer festivals, and a winter fest in association with NMU . Other ideas for improvement include keeping snowmobiles out of town, cleaning Shiras pool, and building a youth center. • • • Marquette Master Plan - 2003 101 �Table 6.2: Written Responses to Community-Related Questions Community-Related Questions SOMEWHAT AGREE AGREE DISAGREE SOMEWHAT DISAGREE Responses % Responses % Responses % Responses % 190 43% 177 40% 45 10% 31 7% 169 38% 151 34% 80 18% 45 10% 187 42% 154 35% 47 11% 56 13% 283 64% 92 21% 32 7% 33 8% 341 76% 72 16% 17 4% 20 4% 245 56% 125 28% 38 9% 33 7% 196 45% 170 39% 46 11% 21 5% + 372 86% - 52 12% BOTH 9 2% YES 336 82% NO 73 18% BOTH 1 0% Marquette needs to improve its sense of community? Marquette should provide additional recreation opportunities within the City? Marquette should provide additional cultural opportunities within the City7 Marquette should enact local regulations, which result in quality land development? Marquette should maintain the historic aooearance of our buildinos? Should the City work with adjoining communities to share the cost of commonly used services (e .g. Police, fire, parks) and facilities? Should the City be more aggressive in designing improvements into its reconstruction projects for elderly and physically impaired individuals? Is Winter a positive or negative attribute to living in the community? Do you feel the makeup of the community is changing? Table 6.3: Written Responses to Neighborhood-Related Questions Neighborhood-Related Questions If you had an opportunity to move to another neighborhood in the City, would you? YES NO Responses % Responses % 102 24% 325 76% AGREE Should the City make allowances for limited retail uses in residential neighborhoods such as markets, cafes, etc.? Neighborhoods should have sidewalks and pathways for all age groups? SOMEWHAT AGREE DISAGREE Responses % Responses % Responses % Responses % 179 41% 128 29% 49 11% 84 19% 284 64% 100 23% 33 7% 26 6% NOT IMPORTANT How important are neighborhood concerns when impacted by institutional expansion? SOMEWHAT DISAGREE SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT VERY IMPORTANT Responses % Responses % Responses % 16 4% 115 26% 306 70% 102 I �Chapter Six - Public Participation Strategies WRITTEN SURVEY RESULTS 459 respondents completed a written survey containing 40 questions relating to the City of Marquette Master Plan. The survey was broken into sections focusing on issues such as community, neighborhoods, transportation, economic development, housing, and the environment (for a copy of the full survey, please see Appendix C). The following tables show a summary of the survey results in addition to some representative comments submitted by the respondents. Community Responses to a series of questions relating to the Marquette community are presented in Table 6.2. These responses show that the respondents care deeply about their community and seek to improve it through increased recreational and cultural opportunities, careful choices regarding land use, and a commitment to furthering their sense of community. When queried about items within the community that they find visually displeasing, some common themes could be found centered on the following issues: • Industrial areas (smoke stacks, vacant buildings, unused ore docks and rails, etc.) • • • • • Vacancies in the Downtown business district Low quality or poorly maintained housing, particularly focusing on student rental houses Sprawl development occurring along U.S.41 The vacancy of the Old Orphanage building (respondents would l_ike to see it reused, not torn down) Lack of landscaping such as street trees, adequate lighting, etc. Neighborhoods Residents are generally happy with their neighborhoods, as evidenced by the 76% of respondents who said they would not move to another neighborhood in the City if given the opportunity (See Table 6.3). Consistent with their desire to have a "walkable" city, 87% of respondents agreed or somewhat agreed that neighborhoods should include universally accessible sidewalks and pathways . Finally, respondents are cautious about how their neighborhoods might be impacted by expansions from either the University or the Hospital. Only 4% responded that neighborhood concerns were "not important" when impacted by this institutional expansion . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 103 �Table 6.4: Written Responses to Transportation-Related Questions Transportation-Related Questions Marquette should provide for more northsouth street connections? Marquette should provide for more east-west street connections J Marquette should provide various nonmotorized modes of transportation such as sidewalks, pathways, and bike paths? SOMEWHAT AGREE AGREE SOMEWHAT DISAGREE DISAGREE Responses % Responses % Responses % Responses % 123 29% 108 26% 80 19% 107 26% 101 25% 111 27% 91 22% 108 26% 311 71% 89 20% 18 4% 19 4% Table 6.5: Written Responses to Economic Development Quest ions Economic Development Questions AGREE SOMEWHAT AGREE SOMEWHAT DISAGREE DISAGREE Responses % Responses % Responses % Responses % The City should seek to expand the tax base through commercial, office, and industrial development? 207 49% 135 32% 38 9% 46 11% Should the City promote the redevelopment of the Lower Harbor? 241 56% 107 25% 32 7% 54 12% EXISTING Should local economic development efforts primarily pursue new business or the expansion of existinq businesses? NEW BOTH Responses % Responses % Responses % 136 34% 183 45% 85 21% YES NO BOTH Responses % Responses % Is Downtown shopping important to you? 334 77% 98 23% Should economic development be a local qovernment priority? 338 79% 85 20% Responses % 3 1% Tab le 6.6: Written Responses to Housing-Related Quest ions Housing-Related Questions AGRE E SOMEWHAT AGREE SOMEWHAT DISAGR EE DISAGR EE Responses % Responses % Responses % Responses % Should the City enact a rental housing inspection program? 208 51% 109 27% 43 11% 49 12% Is it important for the City to encourage residential development that preserves open space? 286 69% 82 20% 31 7% 16 4% YES NO Responses \ Is student hous1nq a problem in Marquette? % I 53% 180 $75 ,000 - 100,000 Marquette needs more of what price level of housinq? Responses \ 162 % \ 47% $100,000 5150,000 5150,000 5225,000 OVER 5225,000 Responses % Responses % Responses % Responses % 215 66% 87 27% 17 5% 6 2% 104 I �Chapter Six - Public Participation Strategies Transportation Responses to transportation-related questions are presented in Table 6.4. While the responses regarding the addition of new north-south or east-west connections are fairly evenly divided, respondents clearly value connections for non-motorized transportation such as biking and walking . 91 % of respondents either "agreed" or "somewhat agreed" that the City should provide sidewalks, pathways, and bike paths to accommodate these modes of transportation . Respondents also had a number of write-in comments that involved various traffic complaints. In general residents are frustrated with the increased traffic and congestion resulting from the U.S. 41 corridor, in addition to smaller traffic infractions within the city. Economics Responses to economic development questions show that residents are generally in favor of new development within the City (See Table 6.5). Most support the redevelopment of the Lower Harbor and express a desire to retain Downtown shopping . What is not shown by these statistics, but is clear from the write-in survey comments, is that although residents acknowledge the need for new development, they are wary about how this development will take place . Comments show support for infill development or reuse of existing buildings in an attempt to protect existing natural resources and to slow the sprawl development along U.S.41 . The aesthetics of these businesses are also important to a community that prides itself on its rich history and the maintenance of these historical buildings throughout the city. Housing Housing, particularly as it relates to student housing, is a key issue for Marquette residents . Table 6.6 shows the responses to a series of questions related to housing within the Community. While respondents were somewhat divided on the question of whether or not student housing was a problem, a large majority (78%) did "agree" or "somewhat agree" that a rental housing inspection program should be enacted. Responses on the price level of housing show that a majority (66%) of people feel that housing below $100,00 is needed . This desire for more affordable housing was also evident in the number of write-in comments that even expressed a need for housing below $75,000 . • • • Marqu ette Master Plan - 2003 105 �Tab le 6.7: Written Responses to Enviro nmental Questions Environment-related questions SOMEWHAT AGREE AGREE SOMEWHAT DISAGREE DISAGREE Responses % Responses % Responses % Responses % Watersheds are large drainage areas, which empty into our streams, creeks, and eventually Lake Superior Is the City doing enough to protect the water quality in the Dead River, Whetstone, Orianna, and Carp River watersheds? 96 25% 138 36% 65 17% 81 21% Are you in favor of enacting regulations, which protect Marquette's sensitive resources such as wetlands, steep slopes, streams, and creeks, which may limit private property rights, 243 58% 79 19% 38 9% 59 14% YES Is the City doing enough to protect our environment? NO Responses % Responses % 178 48% 195 52% NOT IMPORTANT How important is the preservation and public access along Lake Superior to you? SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT VERY IMPORTANT Responses % Responses % Responses % 5 1% 45 11% 372 88% If', 106 I �Chapter Six - Public Participation Strategies • Environment Respondents were almost equally divided in their opinions as to whether or not the City is doing enough to protect Marquette's environment (See Table 6.7). They are clear, however, in the value they place on such resources. 88% of respondents felt that preservation and public access along Lake Superior was "very important" . 76% also "agreed" or "somewhat agreed" that regulations, promulgated by the City, protecting Marquette's sensitive ecological resources should be enacted . • • • • • • • • • • • • ..,. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 107 �Table 6.8: Telephone Responses to Commun ity-Related Questions Community-related questions SO M EWHAT AGR EE AGREE SO MEWHAT DISAGR EE DIS AGR EE DON'T KNOW Responses % Responses % Resoonses % Responses % Resoonses % Marquette needs to improve ,ts sense of communityJ 123 32% 53 14% 50 13% 124 33% 30 8% Marquette should provide add1t1onal recreation opportunities within the CIty J 188 49% 39 10% 29 8% 111 29% 13 3% Marquette should provide add1t1onal cultural opportunities w1th1n the C,ty? 214 56% 54 14% 13 3% 84 22% 15 4% Marquette should enact local regulations, which result In quality land developmentJ 206 54% 44 12% 19 5% 63 17% 48 13% Marquette should ma,nta,n the historic appearance of our bu1ld1ngsJ 324 85% 26 7% 4 1% 22 6% 4 1% 256 67% 41 11% 13 3% 44 12% 26 7% 206 54% 51 13% 21 6% 65 17% 37 10% + 304 80% - 76 20% YES 230 61% NO 150 39% Should the City work with adJ01ning commun,t,es to share the cost of commonly used services (e g Pol,ce, fire, parks) and faciht,es' Should the City be more aggressive ,n designing improvements into I1s reconstruction proJects for elderly and phys,cally impaired 1nd1v1duals' Is Winter a pos11,ve or negative attribute to hv1ng In the community' Do you feel the makeup of the community ,s changing' Table 6.9: Telephone Responses to Ne ighborhood-Related Questions Neighborhood-Related Questions If you had an opportunity to move to another neighborhood ,n the City, would you' YES NO Responses % Resoonses % 91 24% 289 76% AGR EE SOMEWHAT AGREE SO MEWHAT DISAGREE DI SAGR EE DON'T KNOW Responses % Responses % Responses % Responses % Responses % Should the City make allowances for hm,ted retail uses ,n res1dent1al neighborhoods such as markets, cafes, etc.' 183 48% 47 12% 27 7% 106 28% 17 4% Neighborhoods should have sidewalks and pathways for all age groups' 314 83% 22 6% 10 3% 30 8% 4 1% NOT IMPORTANT How important are neighborhood concerns r,,hen impacted by inst,tut,onal expansion' SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT VERY IMPORTANT Responses % Responses % Responses % 36 9% 149 39% 195 51% Table 6. 10: Telephone Responses to Transportation -Related Questions Transportation-related Questions SOMEWHAT AGREE AGREE SOMEWHAT DISAGREE DISAGREE DON'T KNOW Responses % Responses % Responses % Responses % Responses % Marquette should provide for more northsouth street connections? 142 37% 18 5% 35 9% 143 38% 42 11% Marquette should provide for more east-west street connections' 108 28% 23 6% 36 9% 166 44% 47 12% Marquette should provide various nonmotorized modes of transportation such as sidewalks, pathways, and bike paths' 271 71% 24 6% 12 3% 64 17% 9 2% 108 I �Chapter Six - Public Participation Strategies TELEPHONE SURVEY RESULTS • • • • • • • • • • • ••- In addition to the Community Visioning sessions and the written survey, a telephone survey of 380 residents was conducted . This survey selected statistically random residents and has a 95% confidence rating . The same questions that were presented in the written survey were asked during the telephone interview. Again, the results are broken into sections focusing on issues such as community, neighborhoods, transportation, economic development, housing, and the environment. The following tables show a summary of the survey results . Community Table 6.8 shows the responses related to community-focused questions. The respondents to the telephone interviews felt less strongly that Marquette needs to improve its sense of community. The majority of interviewees did, however, "agree" or "somewhat agree" that the City should provide additional recreational and cultural resources. Similar to the written survey results, an overwhelming majority (85%) "agreed" that Marquette needs to protect the historic appearance of its buildings . Neighborhood The results of the telephone interviews were consistent with those of the written surveys (See Table 6.9). The same percentage (76%) of residents would not move to another neighborhood in the City if given the opportunity. They also strongly supported the goal of increasing the walkability of Marquette by ensuring all residents could access pedestrian pathways. Finally, interviewees reiterated the community's desire to promote neighborhood concerns when faced with institutional expansion . Only 9% responded that neighborhood concerns were "not important" when impacted by these changes . Transportation The telephone responses to questions related to transportation are less clear-cut than some of the other topics investigated (See Table 6.10). Generally, respondents were divided as to whether or not additional street connections should be added. When asked about pathways for non-motorized modes of transportation such as walking and biking, 77% of respondents did "agree" or "somewhat agree" that these connections should be supported . The lack of consensus regarding transportation issues may be related to the method in which the data was collected . In the written survey, respondents were free to write-in additional comments expressing their specific concerns or ideas . This type of unstructured data collection is not easily done during a te lephone interview. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 109 �Table 6. 11: Telephone Responses to Economic Questions Economic Development Questions SOMEWHAT AGREE AGREE SOMEWHAT DISAGREE DISAGREE DON'T KNOW Responses % Responses % Responses % Responses % Responses % The City should seek to expand the tax base through commercial. off,ce, and industrial developmenti 217 57% 46 12% 13 3% 70 18% 34 9% Should the C 1ty promote the redevelopment of the Lower Harbor? 255 67% 38 10% 14 4% 56 15% 17 4% EXISTING NEW Responses % Responses % 142 37% 238 63% Responses % Responses % Is Downtown shopping important to you i 213 56% 167 44% Should econom,c development be a local oovernment prioritvi 335 88% 45 12% Should local economic development efforts primarily pursue new business or the expansion of ex1st1no businesses? YES NO Table 6.12: Telephone Responses to Housing-Related Questions Housing-Related Questions AGREE SOMEWHAT AGREE SOMEWHAT DISAGREE DISAGREE DON'T KNOW Responses % Responses % Responses 'lo Responses % Responses % Should the C 1ty enact a rental housing 1nspecuon program? 236 62% 22 6% 15 4% 91 24% 16 4% Is 1t important for the City to encourage residenbal development that preserves open space; 322 85% 27 7% 5 1% 19 5% 7 2% Less than S7S,000 S7S,00O - 100,000 Responses Marquette needs more of what price level of housing i jtl I % Responses I :J% 21J I S100,000 S150,000 % Responses 124 % Responses i 20% 75 YES Is student hous,nq a problem 1n Marquette; I Responses 155% S150,000 S225,000 OVER S225,000 DON 'T KNOW I% Responses I% Responses 13% 4 I'% 47 l'.l I 10 0 i 12% NO I % I 33% Responses 256 I % I 67% Table 6. 13: Telephone Responses to Environmental Questions Environment-Related Questions AGREE SOMEWHAT AGREE SOMEWHAT DISAGREE DISAGREE DON'T KNOW Resoonses % Responses % Responses % Resoonses % Responses % Is the City doing enough to protect the water quality 1n the Dead River, Whetstone, Orianna, and Carp River watershedsi 135 36% 36 9% 25 7% 104 27% 80 21% Are you 1n favor of enacting regulations, which protect Marquette's sens1t1ve resources such as ~etlands, steep slopes, streams, and creeks, ~h1ch may hm1t private property riqhtsi 266 7')% 33 9% 10 1% 49 13% 22 6% YES Responses Is the City doing enough to protect our environmenti 224 NO I % 159% NOT IMPORTANT How important 1s the preservation and public access along Lake Superior to youi Responses 156 I % 141% SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT VERY IMPORTANT Responses % Responses % 8 2% 46 12° 110 10 Resoonses % 326 86% �Chapter Six - Public Participation Strategies Economics Results of economic-related responses are given in Table 6. 11 . Similar to the responses given during the written survey, telephone respondents generally support new development within the City. A majority (77%) of interviewees either "agreed" or " somewhat agreed" that the city should continue its effort to redevelop the Lower Harbor. When queried about their desire to patronize Downtown shopping, respondents were more evenly divided than the participants in either the Community Visioning sessions or the written surveys . In the case of the telephone respondents, only 56% agreed that Downtown shopping was important to them, as opposed to the 77% of written survey respondents who felt it was important. e Housing The responses to housing-related questions (See Table 6.12) show that respondents to the telephone survey appeared to be less concerned about the effects that student housing is having on their neighborhoods. While this was a highly discussed issue during the other public participation forums, only 33% of telephone respondents felt student housing was a problem in Marquette . A majority (68%) of respondents did, however, either "agree" or "somewhat agree " to the need for a City rental housing inspection program . Consistent with the other data collected, residents feel a need for more affordable housing within Marquette. Of the telephone respondents, a majority (64% ) felt that housing under $100,000 was needed . Environment Telephone respondents were divided in their opinions as to whether or not the City is doing enough to protect Marquette's environment (See Table 6.13) As has been the case in every public participation forum, however, residents are clear about their desire to protect Marquette 's natural resources . Telephone respondents were highly in favor of enacting regulations to protect sensitive ecological resources and felt strongly that preservation of the Lake Superior shoreline was critical. CONCLUSION e The results from all the methods of public participation heavily influenced the recommendations made throughout this document. By using the community's input to determine the critical issues facing Marquette today, the Master Plan better reflects the goals and desires of local Marquette residents. This input, in conjunction with expert opinions from Dan Burden, Walter Kulash, and a variety of industry sources, served as critical input to the analyses and strategies outlined throughout the following chapters . • • • • _, Marquette Master Plan - 2003 111 �COMMUNITY INPUT: What type of job opportunities are missing in the Marquette area? "We need to have higher paying jobs in the area; our young people have to move to other areas to find a job that pays enough to support a family." Marquette's economy was historically based on natural resource industries "Family sustaining jobs with good benefits." "More higher paying jobs, not just service/ retail jobs." '-'Better paying jobs many service industry and minimum wage presently." Marquette's current economy is primarily service oriented "fobs for our educated children; they all must leave to find a professional opportunity.'' 112 �Chapter Seven - Economic Assessment Chapter Seven ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT INTRODUCTION Currently, Marquette's economy is anchored by large service industries, such as Northern Michigan University and Marquette General Hospital. While these institutions serve as important sources of employment for area residents, there is a strong desire within the community to diversify Marquette's economy, providing a variety of new sustainable jobs within the City. In addition to this diversification, the community is also strongly committed to revitalizing their existing downtown business district, and seeking ways to encourage infill development and reuse of existing facilities. CURRENT ECONOMIC PROFILE e Marquette's economy has historically been based on natural resource industries such as mining and wood products. Since the decline in the mining industry, Marquette's workforce has been transitioning to more service-oriented industries. Tables 7 .1 and 7 .2 show current employment levels by both industry and occupation. More than half (61 %) of the city's working residents are employed in one of four industries: retail, entertainment and recreation, education, or health services . Table 7.1: Marquette's Current Employment by Industry Industry Aqriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Mininq e • • • • • • Construction Manufacturinq Transportation and Warehousinq, and Utilities Communications & Other Public Utilities Wholesale Trade Retail Trade Finance, Insurance, & Real Estate Professional, Scientific, Mot., Admin. and Waste Momt. Svcs. Business and Repair Services Personal Services Arts, Entertainment, Recreation, Accommodation & Food Svcs. Educational, Health and Social Services Other Professional & Related Services Public Administration Total Nbr. 96 % 1% 383 405 412 401 105 1,345 497 513 4% 4% 4% 4% 1% 13% 5% 5% 1,496 3,294 580 468 15% 33% 6% 5% 100% 9,995 Source: U.S. Census - 2000 Table 7.2: Marqu ette's Current Employment by Occupation (Emploved oersons 16 vears and over) Occupation Manaqement, Professional and Related Occupations Service Occupations Sales and Office Occupations Farming, Fishinq and Forestry Occupations Construction, Extraction & Maintenance Occupations Production, Transportation & Material Movinq Occupations Citv of Marauette Nbr. % 33.8% 3,376 2,340 23.4% 2,834 28.4% 3 683 0.0% 6.8% 759 7.6% Source: U.S. Census - 2000 Marquette Master Pim, - 2003 113 �~ ~ ( ( ( ~ Table 7.3: Curent Employment by Industry for Central UP Region INDUSTRY CITY of MARQUETTE Nbr. MARQUETTE CNTY ALGER CNTY % Nbr. % Nbr. % DICKINSON CNTY DELTACNTY Nbr. % Nbr. % MENOMINEE CNTY Nbr. % SCHOOLCRAFT CNTY Nbr. % 76 96 1 1,612 5.3 163 4.3 530 3 215 17 427 383 3.8 1,737 5.7 288 7.6 1,035 5.9 920 7.4 717 36 6.1 251 Construction 250 7.6 Manufactunna 405 4.1 1,908 6.2 731 19.4 3,296 18.9 2,341 18 9 3,854 32 6 359 10.9 12 Aanculture, forestry, f1sh1nq and hunMQ, and m1n1nq 105 1.1 678 22 29 0.8 440 2.5 419 34 447 3.8 41 1,345 13.5 4. 164 13.6 363 9.6 2,308 13 2 1,691 13 7 1,047 8.8 393 12 rrransportat1on and warehous1nq, and utilities 412 4.1 1,585 5.2 124 3.3 1,057 61 726 59 631 5.3 134 4.1 Information 401 4 697 2.3 41 1.1 302 1.7 234 1.9 166 14 43 13 Finance. insurance, real estate, and rental and leas1na 497 5 1,448 4.7 176 4.7 674 3.9 468 38 298 25 162 49 513 5.1 1,523 5 127 34 759 4.3 510 4.1 336 28 78 2.4 3,294 33 8,486 27 7 727 19 3 3,429 19.6 2,856 23 .1 2,036 17.2 750 22 8 Wholesale trade Reta,! trade Professional, soent1f1c, management, adm1n1strat1ve, and waste mgmt services Educational, health and social services Arts, entertainment. recreation, accommodat1on and 1,496 15 3,274 10 7 425 11 3 1,910 10.9 918 7.4 940 7.9 380 11 6 Other serv1Ces (except public adm1n,strat1on) 580 5.8 1,647 5.4 153 41 996 5.7 589 4,8 522 4.4 186 57 Public adm1n1strat1on 468 4.7 1,880 6. 1 429 11.4 717 4.1 475 3.8 418 3.5 258 7.9 food services Source: U.S. Census - 2000 ""........ �• Chapter Seven - Economic Assessment • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ., Table 7.3 shows the City of Marquette and how its allocation of industries compares to Marquette County and other adjacent counties. While the City of Marquette is quite similar to Marquette County in how its employment is distributed across industries, there are some significant differences between these and other nearby counties. Most significant is Marquette's low percentage of manufacturing jobs. Marquette County employs only 6.2% of its residents in manufacturing-related jobs. This is significantly lower than other nearby counties that show a manufacturing employment rate in a range from 18.9% - 32.6%. Historical Perspective To better understand the transition of Marquette's economy from its historical roots in the natural resources industries, to the current focus on service-oriented industries, it is useful to examine the allocation of employment by industry over the past seventy years (See Table 7.4). In the 1940's - 60's, manufacturing was the single largest employing industry, most likely due to the prevalence of iron manufacturing in the Marquette area. 1970 marks the beginning of the transition from this manufacturing focus to the more service-related industries of education, retail, and health care (See Figure 7.1 on the following page). This trend is directly related to the growth of the University and Hospital within Marquette. These employers continue to be a primary source of jobs for residents today. Table 7.4: Historical Comparison of Employees by Industry Industry Group Aqriculture Forestry and fisheries Mining Construction Manufacturing Railroads and railway express service Trucking service and warehousinq Other transportation Telecommunications Utilities and sanitary services Wholesale trade Food/dairy production, stores, retail Eating and drinking places Other retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate Business services Repair services Private households Hotels and lodqinq Welfare, reliqious, nonprofit services Other personal services Entertainment and recreation Medical and other health services Educational Services Other professional & related services Public admin Industry not reported Arts, Entertainment, Recreation, accommodation, and food services Professional, Scientific, Mgmt, Admin, Waste Mgmt Educational, Health, & Social Svcs TOTAL 1940 1950 1960 24 19 21 13 14 26 212 258 907 1,074 582 710 24 62 74 77 79 132 66 78 131 214 243 200 117 148 545 626 145 168 35 36 64 93 173 112 74 69 0 0 139 150 39 62 0 321 0 354 553 142 405 465 86 64 20 36 49 325 974 511 27 70 177 50 167 166 131 654 147 35 71 190 0 124 181 34 295 857 165 522 173 1970 1980 1990 2000 0 6 13 32 124 248 255 381 347 463 237 0 48 305 54 0 173 195 121 192 266 171 234 203 654 293 867 983 296 537 143 171 0 0 45 125 0 0 402 165 256 251 67 96 679 891 1,979 2,666 188 252 716 559 6 0 64 22 113 383 439 0 120 241 257 206 217 305 769 1,007 499 219 84 66 0 353 363 144 1,313 2,262 249 597 0 96 0 0 383 405 0 412 0 401 0 105 0 0 1,345 497 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 580 468 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,496 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 513 3,294 4,696 5,729 6,151 7,541 9,808 10,292 9,995 *Note: Census classifications have changed over time and may result in some employment totals being counted under different industry headings (i.e. the 2000 census was the first to use the "Educational, Health, & Social Services" category) . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 (Source: U.S. Census, 1940-2000) 115 �Trends in Employment by Industry 4000 -. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , 3500 Ill t >, - - Education, Health, and Social Services 3000 - - Manufacturing 2500 .2 2000 C. E 1500 w - - Arts, Entertainment, Recreation, Lodging, Food 1000 500 0 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 - - Other Retail Census Date Figure 7.1: Trends in Employment By Industry Table 7.5: Unemployment Rates 1QOQ 2001 % Chanae Marquette County Alqer County 4 .9% 5.6% 6.0% 6.1% Delta County Dickinson County 6.2% 4.5% 7.3% 5.1% 1.1% 0.5% 1.1% 0.6% 6.5% 9.1% 1.9% 0.7% Menominee Countv 4.6% 8.4% Schoolcraft County Source: CUPPAD Regional Commission Table 7.6: Median Income by County Median Household Income Median Family Income (1999 dollars) (1999 dollars) $35,548 $35,892 $35 ,51 1 $34,825 $46,281 $42,017 Marquette County Alqer County Delta County Dickinson County $45,079 $43,021 $32,888 Menominee County $40,268 $31,140 Schoolcraft County $36,810 *Note: A household includes all persons who occupy a housing unit, regardless of their relationship . A family refers to 2 or more people related by marriage or birth. Source: U.S. Census - 2000 Table 7.7: Median Income Within Marquette County Median Household Income Median Family Income (1999 dollars) (1999 dollars) Marquette City $29,918 $48,120 lshpeminq City $31 ,347 $38,924 Neqaunee City $33,117 $39,750 Marquette Township $42,385 $49,438 $50,994 $55,972 $47,348 $51,948 $55,283 $54,643 Chocolay Township Neqaunee Township Sands Township Source: U.S. Census - 2000 116 �Chapter Seven - Economic Assessment Unemployment • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • An analysis of unemployment rates for Marquette and its surrounding counties show that unemployment has increased slightly from 2000 to 2001 (Table 7.5). While Marquette's 2001 unemployment rate of 6.0% is below the regional average, it is still higher than the State of Michigan's 5.3% rate of unemployment. This higher than average rate is a result of the seasonal layoffs that often occur, as well as the reduced demand for mining and other natural resources employment. The closure of the K.I. Sawyer Air Force Base also had a major effect on employment in the Marquette area . Income An individual or family's income is often a reflection of the local wages and salaries paid in a particular area . It can also help determine the amount of wealth that is available to spend on goods and services, thus affecting the growth of the local economy. The median family income for Marquette County is the highest in the Central Upper Peninsula region, followed closely by Delta and Dickinson Counties (See Table 7-:6). When comparing the median family income for municipalities within Marquette County, the City of Marquette is the highest among the other local cities (Ishpeming and Negaunee), but falls short of the incomes recorded for the surrounding townships (See Table 7.7). Regional Workforce Consistent with Marquette residents' commitment to their community, an overwhelming majority (96%) of those employed within Marquette County also reside within the County. Table 7 .8 shows a breakdown of other regions from which Marquette draws its workforce . Ta ble 7.8: County of Residence for peop le employed in Marquette County County of Residence Marquette Co. Ml Alqer Co. Ml Delta Co. Ml Baraqa Co. Ml Houqhton Co. Ml Menominee Co. Ml Dickinson Co. Ml Oakland Co. Ml Iron Co. Ml Ontonaqon Co. Ml Luce Co. Ml Goqebic Co. Ml Chippewa Co. Ml Ottawa Co. Ml Wayne Co. Ml Isabella Co. Ml Employees County of Residence 28,719 391 219 137 48 48 47 39 35 20 19 18 16 15 12 Mackinac Co. Ml Schoolcraft Co . Ml Saqinaw Co. Ml Emmet Co. Ml Muskeqon Co . Ml Shiawassee Co. Ml Bay Co. Ml Benzie Co. Ml Tuscola Co. Ml Charlevoix Co. Ml Cheboyqan Co . Ml Huron Co. Ml Keweenaw Co . Ml Presque Isle Co . Ml St. Joseph Co. Ml Employees 10 10 8 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 1 10 Marquette Master Plan - 2003 117 �~ Marquette's current Downtown Business District Former Cliffs-Dow industrial site, now a technology park Potential exists to redevelop abandoned industrial facilities for new businesses 118 �Chapter Seven - Economic Assessment AREAS OF CONCERN In general, community residents seem to be supportive of the need to attract new growth and development in the City of Marquette . When queried, 79 .3% of respondents to the written survey, and 88.2% of telephone interviewees felt that economic development should be a local government priority. Further support was evident in the responses to the statement, "The city should seek to expand the tax base through commercial, office, and industrial development". 80 .3% of survey respondents, and 69 .2% of telephone interviewees either "agreed" or "somewhat agreed" with this statement. While the above statistics show the community's willingness to entertain new development opportunities, they are specific about the types of development they are interested in attracting . Residents would like to see new development strategies that are focused around three primary goals: 1. Create a more diversified economy 2. Revitalize the downtown business district 3. Encourage infill development and reuse of existing facilities (rather than encouraging the sprawl development happening along U.S.41) By focusing the master plan on these three economic goals, Marquette will be able to attract new, sustainable employment opportunities, while still protecting the quality of life that they value so highly. • Economic Diversification This desire to diversify Marquette's economy has two primary drivers . First, residents are concerned that Marquette's younger generation feels the need to leave the community in order to seek professional job opportunities. Second, the community values its ability to provide quality employment for the spouses and families of new community members who have been recru ited to the area by the University or Hospital. This push to develop new industries and employment opportunities is focused on the creation of "sustainable" Jobs. These are defined as jobs not involving low-wage service positions or those industries that are tied to natural resources such as mining and lumber. When queried about the new types of industry that would be beneficial for the Marquette area, respondents clearly preferred jobs involving manufacturing, technology, cultural heritage tourism, and clean industry. Some specific recommendations for increasing Marquette's economic diversity include the following : • Take advantage of the regional nature of both the University and Hospital to attract related industries that could utilize the existing infrastructure of these major employers. This could include pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, or other research.-related industries . • Promote the recruitment of other non-service sector businesses such as • telecommunications, Internet, software development, and "clean" manufacturing . • • • • • Continue redevelopment efforts of the Lower Harbor, former Orphanage property, and other brownfield and greyfield sites as mixed-use projects. Promote all season eco-tourism, sport tourism, and heritage tour ism as a way to increase the awareness of Marquette's natural surroundings and also to develop the Marquette economy. Establish programs that promote the retention and growth of existing businesses. Work with the Lake Superior Community Partnersh ip to foster economic development opportunities in the City and greater Marquette area . Identify other areas in which Marquette can promote more regional services to attract revenue from outside the City. This could include recreationa l activities, cultural amenities, and promotion of its unique winter-city attractions. Marquette Ma ster Plan - 2003 119 �uThe downtown is the heart and soul of Marquette." uOne of the worst sights in Marquette is the downtown with its empty stores. " Vacancies in the Downtown shaping district uMarquette is a wonderful city but to keep the dollars here you must provide shopping, etc. so people will spend their money here." uRe-develop downtown with full occupancy and vibrancy" Non-retail stores detract from the Downtown's commercial opportunities LILIW!!lll- •- Stiff competition from national chain stores is hurting Downtown business 120 () I �Chapter Seven - Economic Assessment Revitalization of Downtown Marquette's downtown is symbolic of the community's rich history and the small town way of life that residents are striving to preserve. Unfortunately, economic pressures from nationally-known retailers and large, "big-box" chain stores have resulted in the decline of the downtown business area. Further exacerbating these problems are several poor planning and policy decisions that have hampered the revitalization of this once vibrant commercial area . The redevelopment of the downtown district is a complex undertaking and will involve changes to land use, traffic patterns, current City policies, and the method by which Marquette markets their downtown to potential businesses and customers. According to the DDA's list of downtown businesses, only 33% of those listed can be considered "traditional retail" stores that might be expected to draw shopping customers to the area . The businesses that were categorized as this "traditional retail" include : • Art I Antiques / Galleries • Books/ Cards • Clothing/ Shoes • • Games I Hobbies/ Crafts Gifts/ Specialty • Sporting Goods W ithin the DDA district there are also 29 food or entertainment establishments, accounting for another 19% of the total downtown businesses. These include a variety of options ranging from fast food to bars and fine dining . Unfortunately, the largest percentage (48%) of the downtown business district consists of non-retail businesses. The business that were considered to be a part of this designation include: • Lodging • Fitness • • Newspaper Professional / Office • • Instruction (i.e. Dance Studio) Theater • • Insurance/ Real Estate • • Service Related (i.e . Travel agency, dry cleaner) Automobile Service/ Supply Banks • • Barbers and Stylists Transportation • Home Improvement • Computer Sales • Public Buildings / Institutional Uses (i.e. Churches, City buildings) In addition to the low number of traditional retail businesses in the downtown shopping district, the area is also experiencing a number of vacancies and for-sale properties, that further reduce the commercial opportunities that might attract customers to the area . Marquette Master Pla n - 2003 121 �n l Downtown Business District Off-Street Parking Lots Figure 7.2: Off-street Parking Lots in the Downtown Area '11"" ~ ~ , • "' r I ' fri. -J r{ - Figure 7.3: Proposed Developments for the Lower Harbor Area 122 ■ �• • Chapter Seven - Economic Assessment • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • While addressing the mix of retail business within the district is a necessary first step, there are also a number of other infrastructure changes that need to be made in order to increase commercial and customer interest in the Downtown District. These recommendations include the following : • Reevaluate the current parking strategy in the Downtown business district. An analysis of the parking along the Washington Street corridor between Seventh and Front Streets shows a loss of building mass to surface parking lots. Within the Downtown core, there is a total of 22 off-street parking lots occupying acres of potential development property (See Figure 7 .2). By increasing the amount of on-street parking, some of these off-street lots can be redeveloped as new commercial sites. A second advantage of on-street parking is its tendency to encourage customers to frequent a variety of nearby stores. When patrons park in one store's private lot, they often simply complete their purchase and leave. They are not encouraged to "window shop" in adjacent stores as they are when parking exists along the commercial street. To help stimulate new development in the Downtown area, the City should look for opportunities to encourage infill development on underutilized parking areas . It may also need to improve access from existing parking facilities, such as the Downtown parking structure, in order to encourage more patrons to use it. • Use the Lower Harbor redevelopment as a "jump-start" for promoting change in the downtown area. This redevelopment project offers a great opportunity to market new ideas for the Downtown district (See Figure 7.3). The redevelopment of the harbor area can also serve as an impetus for new development with in the downtown area as well. The City should particularly encourage new mixed-use projects that will invite people to live and interact within the downtown area . The people attracted to these new developments will help to supply the energy necessary to transition the downtown area into a 24-hour, 7-day-a-week destination . • Reevaluate current City policies relating to commercial businesses in the downtown district. City ordinances, particularly those addressing Downtown design standards, outdoor seating/sidewalk cafes, outdoor sales and displays, sign ordinances, noise (including outdoor music), and restrictions on bicycling in the Downtown area need to be reviewed. These ordinances should be modified, where necessary, to fully support the City's vision of a vibrant, energetic destination . • Conduct a market analysis to determine the regional draw from both a customer's perspective (how far will a customer travel to shop in the Downtown area) as well as a business perspective (what is the market for new businesses that might potentially locate in the City of Marquette). Based on the results of these market studies, the City of Marquette should develop a comprehensive marketing campaign to attract development and customers to the downtown area . Th is marketing campa ign can also be incorporated into Lake Superior Community Partnership 's current countywide marketing efforts. • Conduct training for retail and service providers to educate existing businesses on consumer trends, marketing, and advertising . Recent demographics indicate that 65% of retail expenditures occur after 5:00 P.M .. on weekdays and on Saturday and Sunday, a time when most Downtown Marquette retailers are closed . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 123 �The City is seeking additional entertainment venues for the Downtown area Residents want to retain the area's historic architecture 124 �• • • • Chapter Seven - Economic Assessment As documented in the public participation chapter, working sessions with residents and City leaders throughout the master planning process have also resulted in the creation of a number of specific objectives for the Downtown area . These specific goals include the following : • Protect first floor building space from being converted into offices for professional and service firms . • Continue efforts to procure housing for the downtown area . • • • • • • • • • • • • • •· • • • • • Utilize the former Soo Line "roundhouse" property for a residential and mixed-use infill project with access to the downtown . Encourage and recruit additional entertainment venues into the downtown . Encourage an art exchange with sister cities to increase the opportunities for the display of public art in the Downtown . • • • • • • • • Extend the downtown to the Lower Harbor redevelopment project with physical and economic connections along Baraga Avenue and Lakeshore Boulevard to a proposed hotel and conference center, and residential developments . Continue streetscape improvements west to McClellan Avenue . Continue to provide funding programs that encourage the improvement of facades, signage, and exterior building elements . Investigate the potential of designating the downtown as a National and Local historic district. Work with organizations and business owners to encourage entrepreneurship (i .e. training, advertising methods, window displays, merchandize lighting) and provide business hours that meet the needs of consumer. Utilize overlay zoning to protect and increase property values, encourage the appropriate renovation of historic buildings, and maintain a pedestrian quality to the downtown . Keep City Hall, the Post Office, and other city, county, state, and federal governmental offices in the downtown . Encourage the all season use of public transportation by improving downtown transit connections and by establishing a climate-responsive bus shelter in the downtown district. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 125 �"Development of fonner industrial sites along the Lakeshore offers Marquette a great opportunity. Let's not waste it!" "We have many empty buildings - instead of issuing new building permits - isn't it possible to redevelop existing ones?" Abandoned buildings provide opportunities for infill development Some vacant or underutilized buildings may be appropriate for reuse The former LSI Railroad buildings are being converted to condominiums 126 �Chapter Seven - Economic Assessment Encouraging Infill and Reuse of Existing Facilities The reuse of existing facilities and the development of new businesses on "infill" locations can help Marquette remain a compact, walkable city. Unfortunately, the tendency is for new development to build on unused sites on the periphery of the city, leading to a "sprawling" development pattern . Marquette has several opportunities to redevelop brownfield locations for use as commercial or industrial enterprises. Assisting in this process is the City's Brownfield Redevelopment Financing Authority (BRFA), which was established in 1998 by the City Commission. The Authority's role is to facilitate redevelopment of brownfield properties and promote the revitalization of environmental distressed areas within brownfield redevelopment zones . Opportunities for infill development within Marquette include the following : • Lower Harbor - 80 .2% "agreed" or "somewhat agreed" that the City should promote the redevelopment of the Lower Harbor. Plans have begun to transform this area into commercial and mixed-use developments with a public greenway adjacent to the Lake Superior shoreline . • Redevelopment of former industrial buildings - Marquette's industrial history has left behind a number of abandoned properties that have redevelopment potential, particularly for clean industry or office park settings. Some of these properties, such as Cliffs-Dow and the River Park Industrial Park have already been remediated to accommodate new businesses . • Reuse of former off-street parking lots - As discussed above in the context of downtown revitalization, the reuse of current off-street parking lots provide opportunities for new development sites w ithin prime Downtown locations. • Redevelopment of the "Roundhouse" area - The redevelopment of the former Soo Line " Roundhouse" property would allow for the creation of an urban residential neighborhood in close proximity to Downtown shopping and amen ities . A detailed outline of such a redevelopment plan is given on the following page. • Orphanage Building - This building offers the potential for adaptive reuse as owner-occupied condominiums, student apartments, or professional I medical offices . • Former Soo Line Ore Dock - This unique structure offers interesting possibilities for creative redevelopment. Potential uses could include a location for public access, private development of retail, restaurant, or residential uses, as well as the potential for a historical or interpretive display. Marqu ette Master Plan - 2003 127 �..., ... , r ... J ◄ Institutional Use (i.e. Fire Stati9n1 1/ 3-story townhomes with integrated garag~d · / \ \ \ ,, 'f•~ \ ,· , 1 '1 tf)_t\ ' ',J- Figure 7.4: Design for Roundhouse Infill Development (Ske tches by: Trip ti Singh and T.A. Vijayasanan) 128 I"/ 1/ story courtyard units with tegrated garages �Chapter Seven - Economic Assessment Redevelopment Opportunity - " Roundhouse" Property As mentioned previously, one prime example of a redevelopment opportunity exists on the former Soo Line "Roundhouse" property, located just west of Downtown between Washington Street and Baraga Avenue . Its redevelopment would allow for the creation of an urban residential neighborhood in close proximity to existing residences, as well as downtown shopping and amenities . Figure 7.4 demonstrates a sample design for the "Roundhouse" property that includes a diversity of housing options to best suit the needs of a variety of residents . Its design calls for the creation of high-density residential units, including two and three story townhomes and a series of courtyard units . These residences will be connected to the existing pedestrian network through sidewalks and a new non-motorized trail running along the former rail lines just south of Washington Street. The plan also calls for the development of a new institutional block east of Seventh Street. This area could be a potential location for a new fire station, with the remainder of the property used as a passive park. There is also an opportunity to create a passive recreation park with pedestrian pathways south of the property near the Whetstone Brook . The redevelopment of the "Roundhouse" property and other similar properties, offers a variety of benefits. Since it is an infill location, it is not necessary for developers to plan for expensive new infrastructure such as water and sewer lines. Also, the variety of housing options included in such a design help provide affordable choices for residents seeking an alternative to the single-family home . Finally, a density of residents living in close proximity to the Downtown shopping district, particularly when easy pedestrian access is included, will help to reenergize the Downtown area. A view along one of the streets in the new Roundhouse development shows how the proposed design can fit into the existing residential framework of the area. The presence of pedestrians and a "street life" provide an energy that can carry through to the nearby Downtown. (Sketches by: Tripti Singh and T.A. Vijayasanan) Marquette Master Plan - 2003 129 �,,,..--1'7"'\ r7""\ Development is being encouraged in the K.I. Sawyer Renaissance Zone ,,..-..... ~ ,,.----,._ ,..,.... The Lake Superior Community Partnership helps promote reuse of existing facilities, like this warehouse (Source: LSCP 2003) 130 �Chapter Seven - Economic Assessment Financial Incentives Financial incentives, such as tax breaks or low-interest development loans, can help expand existing businesses or attract new companies to the area . The lake Superior Community Partnership, a county-wide economic development committee has several programs in place that can provide some financial assistance. While some of these programs apply to properties outside of the City of Marquette, they may still provide opportunities for sustainable job development within close proximity to the City. • Renaissance Zones - These areas, designated by the State, allow businesses to operate virtually tax-free. Within a Renaissance Zone, the following taxes are waived for a given period of time: o Michigan Single Business Tax o State Education Tax o Local Personal Property Tax o Local Real Estate Property Tax o Utility Users Tax • Within Marquette County, the K.I. Sawyer property and the adjacent Louisianan-Pacific property have been designated a Renaissance Zone. While these properties do exist outside the City of Marquette, significant development in such close proximity to Marquette has the potential to provide sustainable jobs for Marquette residents . • Intermediary Relend1ng Loan Program - The Marquette County K.I. Sawyer Development Department also has funds available for business financing as part of their Intermediary Relending Program . • Revolving Loan Fund - This fund is administered by the Economic Development Corporation of Marquette County and can be used to help finance economic development projects throughout Marquette County. Program guidelines for the loan fund include the following : o Must be used for projects within Marquette County o Applicant cannot obtain financing through private sources o Matching requirement: $2 private funding for every $1 of RLF funding o 1 full-time job must be created for every $1 OK of RLF awarded While the Lake Superior Community Partnership is a strong economic development program, its focus is county-wide . The City of Marquette should partner with LSCP to find and promote development opportunities that are specific to the City. These may include additional financial incentive programs through the City or other marketing programs to help attract new business and development to the City. Marqu ette Master Plan - 2003 131 �Parlr•ige B,ry D Q MARQUITTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN f '1, /.//e Bav Census Divisions t"Ti [) .., V) C Marq11(/11' Bay "" !'T1 ::-, .... Color = Tract § 0001 0002 0003 ggg: § 0006 0007 0008 0009 0010 0013 0014 Patt em = Block Group 0 0001 1111002 bS3 003 ~004 ::-, Border = Block Boundary D Map 8. 7: Census 2000 - Block Group Delineations 132 -. 1 • • • • I �Chapter Eight - Neighborhood Assessment Chapter Eight NEIGHBORHOOD ASSESSMENT INTRODUCTION Marquette residents consider their neighborhoods to be the foundation of the community. Throughout the master planning process, residents have supported a vision where every neighborhood would have a well-maintained housing stock, include convenient and walkable connections to public facilities, and possess its own unique sense of place. This chapter will analyze the composition of each neighborhood focusing on population, income, housing tenure, and age of dwelling. The results of this analysis helped inform some of the master land use planning decisions that were made, particularly with respect to items such as student rental housing, historic preservation , affordability, and areas that may be in need of rehabilitation. CURRENT NEIGHBORHOOD ASSESSMENT Several analyses were conducted to identify the characteristics of each Marquette neighborhood . These neighborhoods were defined using the Census designation of a "block" . Each block also belongs to a larger "block group", which represents an aggregation of the data from each individual block . Map 8.1 shows the general boundaries of these blocks, while Table 8.1 summarizes a number of neighborhood characteristics by block group. Table 8. 1: Neighborhood Characteristics Built Built Pre- 1940 Pre-1940 Nbr. of Housing Units OwnerOccupied (units) OwnerOccupied (%) RenterOccupied (units) RenterOccupied (%) Neighborhood Type (units) (%) 1 253 53.4 118 46.6 Owner 172 67.9 1 2 425 33.6 282 66.4 Renter 238 56 1 3 374 135 143 125 166 243 203 199 255 183 227 255 30 0 79 213 58 102 205 290 175 164 528 333 5 0 0 33.4 249 66.6 Renter 274 733 56.1 130 43.9 Owner 150 50.7 79.9 61 20.1 Owner 187 61.5 60.1 135 39.9 Owner 266 78.7 61.6 124 38.4 Owner 223 69 37.1 433 62.9 Renter 311 45.2 Census Tract Block Group 1 2 1 296 2 2 304 2 3 338 3 1 323 3 2 688 4 1 304 4 2 275 4 3 366 5 1 148 5 2 36 6 1 227 6 2 288 6 3 399 7 1 483 7 2 489 7 3 335 7 4 413 8 1 486 9 1 649 9 2 356 10 1 5 13 2 0 14 2 0 60.2 121 39.8 Owner 185 60.9 82.5 48 17.5 Owner 64 23.3 69.7 111 30.3 Owner 215 58.7 20.3 118 79.7 Renter 12 8.1 0.0 36 100 Renter 0 0 34.8 148 65.2 Renter 14 62 74.0 75 26 Owner 120 41 7 14.5 341 85.5 Renter 25 6.3 21.1 381 78.9 Renter 47 9.7 41.9 284 58.1 Renter 42 8.6 86.6 45 13.4 Owner 51 15.2 42.4 238 57.6 Renter 30 73 33.7 322 66.3 Renter 18 3.7 81.4 121 18.6 Owner 49 7.6 93.5 23 6.5 Owner 30 8.4 100.0 0 0 Owner 0 0 0.0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 Marqi1ette Master Plan - 2003 133 �Parlridg,· &1y MARQUITTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN Distribution of Rental Housing Units By Census Block 550 03 03 06 Miles --==::i--c::::::===i1 ■ l-'n·s.1ue fJ) c:: M1rqurt/e B,1y "" t"r:! :;::, .... 0 :.:I D D D - 0% (No Housing Units) 1 - 44% (Majority Owner-Occupied) 45 - 54% (Transitional Neighborhood) 55 - 100% (Majority Renter-Occupied) Map 8.2: Neighborhood Composition 134 �Chapter Eight • Neighborhood Assessment Neighborhood Composition - Housing Tenure Housing Tenure relates to the type of occupant in a housing unit, either owner-occupied or renteroccupied. In order to help classify the housing tenure in each block group, the following categories were used: • Owner Neighborhood - 55% or greater of housing units were classified as owner-occupied by the 2000 Census. • Renter Neighborhood - 55% or greater of housing units were classified as renter-occupied by the 2000 Census. • Transitional Neighborhood - Between 46%-54% of housing units were classified as owner-occupied by the 2000 Census. This represents a neighborhood that may be in the midst of transitioning from one type of neighborhood (owner or renter) to another. Of the 26 block groups analyzed in the City of Marquette, 2 do not contain housing and therefore were not analyzed . Of the remaining 24 block groups, 46% (11 block groups) were categorized as "Renter Neighborhoods", with the remaining 13 block groups dominated by owner-occupied housing (See Map 8.2) . While the number of renter-dominated block groups does reflect a large percentage, this number has remained relatively stable over the last 10-years, indicating that areas of rental housing are not increasing. Table 8.2 compares the categorization of neighborhoods In 1990 to the current results . The most significant and positive changes have come in neighborhoods that were classified as "transitional" in 1990 that have now primarily shifted to be owner-dominated neighborhoods . Tab le 8.2: Changes in Neighborhood Categorization Nei hborhood T Owner Renter e Number of Block Grou s 1990 2000 11 13 12 11 Percent 1990 40% 44% 2000 54% 46% Marqu ette Master Plan • 2003 135 �MARQUITTE COMMUN ITY MASTER PLAN i\li,U/, ll'11/ Majority Rental Neighborhoods & Historic Housing Areas Compared Oioi. Sauce. USC!,~ t 2000) 1i l'C«i:;U!; 550 0.3 0.3 a6 0.9 M~es ■--===----===:::i--• Presque --------------------------------------------! ' Ne Harbor H H~ C ' r--, G• • ~ r --------··-···- if':'::".:::=::::::::=r-~---:-- -.:tl!.WRGM,!H~h-.,7'71',n'77~~~~!a, ti"\ ~ ri VJ •• 'v ~ 11,furqurtt~ Bay M i ,_ i • • r It t ..... C, I/ :i:.,. ,1, rw • w 0 Cl•. ~ CJ Historic Housing Area* !22Z1 Majority Rental Neighborhood** ~ •Defined as all cer'!'ius blocks in which at least 50% of existing housing l.l"lits were built prior to 1940 0 Defmed as all census blocks m wh,ch at least 55% of existing housr'lg 1.ruts are occupied bf renter tenants Map 8.3: Historic Housing Areas 136 �Chapter Eight - Neighborhood Assessment Age of Housing Stock Identifying housing that was constructed prior to 1940 can help identify neighborhoods that may be of particular historical significance. Table 8.3 shows the percentage of housing built prior to 1940 for each block group. As would be expected, the 10 block groups that show a high percentage (50% or greater) of homes built prior to 1940, are centered around, and radiate outward from, the downtown area (See Map 8.3). While most of these neighborhoods are primarily owner-occupied, two block groups (1-2 and 1-3) show both a high percentage of historic homes and a high-percentage of rental property. Because rental property often suffers from poor maintenance, this may signal that some of Marquette's historic housing stock is at risk in these four neighborhoods. Strategies for ensuring that these homes are protected and well cared for are discussed later in this section . Table 8.3: A ge of Housing Stock by Block Group Census Tract Block Group Neighborhood Built Built Type Pre-1940 Pre-1940 (%) (units) 1 1 Owner 172 67 9 1 2 Renter 238 56 73 .3 1 3 Renter 274 2 1 Owner 150 50 .7 2 2 Owner 187 61 .5 2 3 Owner 266 78.7 3 1 Owner 223 69 3 2 Renter 311 45 .2 4 1 Owner 185 60 .9 4 2 Owner 64 23.3 4 3 Owner 215 58.7 5 1 Renter 12 8 .1 5 2 Renter 0 0 6 1 Renter 14 6.2 6 2 Owner 120 41 .7 6 3 Renter 25 6.3 7 1 Renter 47 9.7 7 2 Renter 42 8 .6 7 3 Owner 51 15.2 7 4 Renter 30 7.3 8 1 Renter 18 3.7 9 1 Owner 49 7.6 9 2 Owner 30 84 10 1 Owner 0 0 13 2 - 0 0 14 2 - 0 0 Marquette Master Plan - 2003 137 �Partridgt' 1l,1y MARQUETTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN /\fiddle Housing Units Per Acre &n; By Census Block 550 0 03 03 06Mies -•==-••c=~J ■ ! l're,q11e [,/e 1-/arfor t"" > ~ tTi •• V, c:: "o ooLess Than 1 8 t"r1 B,11/ :=:, ...... : l. • 1-3 4-5 CJ 6-7 8+ Mm711,>tte "I , • w CI " • , 0 ::0 /___ Map 8.4: Housing Density within Marquette 138 �Chapter Eight - Neighborhood Assessment Housing Density Trends in the density of dwelling units, as well as number of occupants per unit has changed significantly over time. Historically, houses were built near the city's core and in close proximity to each other. As personal automobiles became standard, residents were able to build further from the downtown area and its associated amenities . Recently, the "urban sprawl" phenomenon has resulted in an even more significant increase in lot size and distance from the city's center. An examination of Marquette's housing and population densities indicate that Marquette's growth pattern is no exception . As indicated in Map 8.4, the highest density of housing is congregated in the oldest districts of the town, in close proximity to the historical Downtown area . Radiating out from these neighborhoods you see a reduction in the density of housing, particularly along the City's periphery where larger lots are available. Marquette Master Pla11 - 2003 139 �Partr~f.~ Bay f\ MARQUITTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN Population Per Square Mile t" By Census Block 550 03 0 0.3 06 Mies ■--==---■::==::i7 t" ~7-··-----~--· .---------, ~ /·le H,irw, t'"' ~ ;i. ?:. M ., VJ c::: ~ Marq11dte Bay "' ~· t,-j :;,., ~ ..... C]o □ 1-2,999 3,ooo - s,999 □ 6,000 - 7,999 _ 8,000+ 0 D :;,., Map 8.5: Population Density 140 'f' �Chapter Eight - Neighborhood Assessment Population Density The presence of NMU within the community has significant effects on the population density for the City of Marquette. For financial, as well as social reasons, a higher number of students tend to occupy a single dwelling unit than would most likely be the case with a traditional family. Map 8.5, which identifies Population per Square Mile, shows that the densest populations are located within the school property (presumably from the student dormitories) and in areas that also show a high percentage of renters. This distribution can be significant for a number of reasons . First, a clear knowledge of where students are living can help the City to better address concerns related to student housing that have been raised by community residents. Second, in a community that 1s striving to increase walkability, it is useful to have a clear understanding of where large populations of residents currently live, and how these patterns can affect the design and distribution of pedestrian routes and other traffic calming mechanisms. Finally, understanding the distribution of residents across the City can help community leaders best plan for, and distribute amenities and services . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 141 �MARQUITTE COMMUNITY MASTER PIAN Majority Rental Neighborhoods & Housing Quality Compared 11,fd/e Bill/ 0.t.Sou,c~ VSC.l'lllrl(l(OOJ PCM5us - 550 03 03 06 09 Mies : 7 ----------------------------------------------, t""' i i,: ·----r------- H11rbor ':' : ·-------------- '.'."."".'::-::=:==~:-,-!l!IL.....":-h~~~"Y"T;77")~~-.B m V) c:: "'O r:: ... r·· ::,:, 0 «•• ::,:, D Housing Quality= "Fair" '---1 Housing Quality = "Poor" ! ~ Majority Rental Neighborhood* / "Defined as all cer&us tlocks •n which at least 55% of lll1ts tT-l 8,1y .... - existing housing 1H1rq11ette are occupied 1:1,, renter tenants Map 8.6: Residential Housing Quality 142 ~ ~ �Chapter Eight - Neighborhood Assessment PROTECTING NEIGHBORHOOD QUALITY Feedback from residents clearly demonstrates their desire to protect quality of life, particularly as 1t relates to their neighborhoods . The issues that residents find to be most critical focus primarily on three problems: student housing, the availability of affordable housing, and the protection of historic homes . Student Housing Northern Michigan University can certainly be considered a valuable asset for the Marquette community. The University brings employment, cultural opportunities, and increased diversity to the area . Unfortunately, it also creates challenging situations when dealing with the residential requirements of a large student population . Currently, the University has an enrollment of approximately 9,380 students . The University has the facilities to provide housing for approximately 30% of these students through their nine residence halls, 278 on-campus apartments, and 1 house adjacent to campus. The balance of the students find their own housing primarily in rental apartments and converted houses throughout nearby neighborhoods (as indicated by Map 8.2) . Unfortunately, the houses occupied by students are often owned by absentee landlords who have allowed the homes to fall into disrepair. This low-quality housing, coupled with maintenance, parking, traffic, and noise issues often results in a perceived decrease in the quality of the neighborhood . Residents of owneroccupied homes fear that this perception will result in lower property values and a general reduction in their quality of life . This pattern of low-maintenance in the primarily renter-dominated neighborhoods is demonstrated in Map 8.6, which identifies areas of "fair" and "poor" housing quality within the City as they relate to renter-dominated neighborhoods. A similar quality assessment was conducted concentrating on the quality of the parcel itself (rather than the housing structure located on the site) (See Map 8.7). This analysis of the distribution of rental housing as it relates to these lower quality housing sites can indicate the neighborhoods that are in most need of improvement. In the public comments collected as part of the Master Plan survey, residents focused on three areas of complaint relating to student housing. These areas of concern are listed below along with the frequency of the complaint. • Low quality housing and lack of maintenance (mentioned 46.3% of the time) • Traffic and parking problems, particularly related to students parking on the lawns (mentioned 19.4% of the time) • Noise and disruption (mentioned 16.6% of the time) • Other, lesser-heard complaints included the lack of affordability, the number of people living in these student apartments, and the proliferation of these rental houses throughout existing neighborhoods . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 143 �l'artrutge 8,ni MARQUITTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN D 'Id, &ty Residential Parcel Site Quality 550 ·-•c:=-•--==::::i1 03 03 06 M~es 1--------------------------- -=.=r ------- i I . : t"" : ·-------------rti V, i::: '-:I CJ Good l"T1 B,,v :::;; 0 c::::JFair - ALirquette :::;; Poor Map 8. 7: Residential Parcel Site Quality 144 �Chapter Eight - Neighborhood Assessment The housing sites shown here are representative of the varying degrees of quality found in Marquette's residential neighborhoods. Housing sites and parcels were categorized as "Poor", "Fair", and "Good" . Housing Site - Poor Quality Housing Site - Fair Quality - Housing Site - Good Quality Marquette Master Plan - 2003 145 �? ~ ~.., COMMUNITY INPUT: What are the issues relating to student housing? ~ • ,~ '~ units are not well-maintained and cause adjoining properties to decrease in value." /✓Rental ~ .C '\ Student rental houses are typically not well-maintained 0 N o enforcement to upkeep rental properties." "Students are not good neighbors. They don't respect other residents by being noisy, abuse parking, don't keep residences' maintained." <.. Parking on lawns is a frequent complaint from residents Some colleges offer a "village" style apartment for student housing 146 �Chapter Eight - Neighborhood Assessment Student Housing - Recommendations: Inspections - While only 42% of people responding to telephone or written surveys necessarily felt that student housing was an issue, a large majority (78%) did feel that the City should enact a rental housing inspection program . Such a program would require landlords to meet specified requirements for safety and livability or face fines for non-compliance. City Regulation - A number of cities that host colleges or universities have enacted ordinances or other regulations to help control some of the more common infractions. Marquette currently has ordinances in place to help regulate nuisances such as noise and litter, and has recently passed an ordinance to reduce parking in the terrace area. Failure to comply with these ordinances results in a civil infraction. Additional ordinances can be used to enforce other norms, such as stronger limitations on parking on non-paved areas (such as front yards) and to enforce housing occupancy limits . Such ordinances are currently in place in a number of university towns such as East Lansing and Ann Arbor. Increased University Housing - W hile short-term efforts may focus on improving the quality of existing rental housing, a more long-term solution may be for the University to provide additional oncampus housing for its students. Additional student housing does not necessarily mean the creation of additional dormitories. Other colleges have successfully arranged partnerships with private developers to create a "village" or condominium-style housing project. In such an arrangement the University could lease land to the private developer, who would then build and manage the housing units . Marqu ette Master Plan • 2003 147 �Neighborhood associations provide residents with a vehicle for change in their own neighborhoods City leaders are an important partner in the development of successful neighborhood groups 148 �Neighborhood Associations While the City may be able to assist in the protection of neighborhood quality through city ordinances and other regulatory controls, others may require a more "grass-roots" effort on the part of individual neighborhoods . Such an approach can help encourage involvement and increase respect on the part of the residents for their individual neighborhood areas . These associations also promote community cohesiveness and increase the opportunities for meaningful communication, both between individual residents and between City leaders and representatives from a particular neighborhood . Neighborhood Associations - Recommendations There are numerous opportunities for residents to become involved in their own neighborhoods, some examples of which are presented below. Regardless of the type of neighborhood group initiated, it is important that the City become an active partner by assisting when possible, and by ensuring open lines of communication between City leaders and resident representatives . • Develop "Neighborhood Blocks" - These "blocks" can be used as a vehicle for promoting networking between neighborhood residents, or to encourage a specific improvement project within a local neighborhood . Such blocks usually identify someone as their block captain, to serve as a point person for questions or communication . The City can assist in the development of these neighborhood blocks by providing basic training for block captains in areas such as communication and organization . Neighborhood Blocks have been used successfully in areas such as Boulder, Colorado and Ann Arbor, Michigan to promote environmental programs such as recycling and resource sharing . • Develop "Neighborhood Watch " programs - This type of program has been used successfully in many cities to promote safety and reduce crime at the neighborhood level. These programs are usually developed in cooperation with local law enforcement officials who can provide training and guidance . • Promote planning and visioning at the neighborhood level - In his analysis of Marquette's walkability, Dan Burden suggested the development of a vision or master plan at the local neighborhood level. While the city-wide Community Master Plan addresses issues at the larger, macro level, each neighborhood may have ideas for specific improvements they would like to see implemented in their individual neighborhood . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 149 �Table 8.4: Affordability Worksheet for Marquette Neighborhoods Census Tract Block Group Median Fam ily Income (1999) Median Fam ily Monthly Income Median Housing Value Annual Mortgage Interest (Assume 10% down, 6.5% interest rate) Annual Insurance (estimated) Annual Taxes (estimated) Total Annual Expense Total Monthly Expense % of Monthly Income Spent on Housing Expenses 1 1 84,108 7,009 204 ,900 11 ,065 400 2,000 13,465 1,122 16% 1 2 35,417 2,951 96 ,100 5,189 400 2,000 7,589 632 21 % 14% 1 3 41 ,991 3,499 67,000 3,618 400 2,000 6,018 502 2 1 55 ,333 4,611 92,300 4,984 400 2,000 7,384 615 13% 2 2 45 ,625 3,802 79,600 4,298 400 2,000 6,698 558 15% 2 3 49 ,821 4 ,152 82,500 4,455 400 2,000 6,855 571 ~ 3 1 49 ,821 4 ,152 65,600 3,542 400 2,000 5,942 495 12% 3 2 43 ,229 3,602 68,700 3,710 400 2,000 6,110 509 14% 4 1 54 ,792 4,566 83,900 4,531 400 2,000 6,931 578 13% 4 2 51 ,908 4 ,326 91 ,400 4,936 400 2,000 7,336 61 1 14% 4 3 46 ,974 3,915 78 ,200 4,223 400 2,000 6,623 552 14% 5 1 34,861 2,905 84 ,400 4 ,558 400 2,000 6,958 580 20% 5 2 0 0 0 0 400 2,000 2,400 200 6 1 41,250 3,438 68 ,000 3,672 400 2,000 6,072 506 6 2 46 ,000 3,833 69 ,700 3,764 400 2,000 6,164 514 13% 6 3 15,417 1,285 52 ,300 2,824 400 2,000 5,224 435 34% 7 1 34,375 2,865 77 ,000 4,158 400 2,000 6,558 547 19% 2 52,292 4 ,358 93,900 5,071 400 2,000 7,471 623 14% 7 3 65,385 5,449 102,900 5,557 400 2,000 7,957 663 12% 7 4 45,078 3,757 92 ,800 5,011 400 2,000 7,411 618 16% 8 1 40,461 3,372 107,900 5,827 400 2,000 8,227 686 20% 7 --- -15% 9 1 56 ,053 4,671 120,000 6,480 400 2,000 8,880 740 16% 9 2 68 ,542 5,712 121 ,600 6,566 400 2,000 8,966 747 13% 10 1 53,750 4,479 0 0 400 2,000 2,400 200 4% 14 2 48,083 4,007 84,900 4,585 400 2,000 6,985 582 15% 150 �Chapter Eight - Neighborhood Assessment Affordable Housing In every community it is important to have housing that is available and affordable for all of its residents . The American Planning Association (APA) defines "Affordable Housing" as housing "in which mortgage, amortization, taxes, insurance, and condominium or associations fees, if any, constitute no more than 28% of such gross annual household income " (Meck et al. 2003). For rental housing this same definition applies, with the exception that 30% of household income can be allocated to cover rental costs . Data from the 2000 census can be used to help ascertain the affordability of homes with in Marquette. Looking at individual neighborhoods (as defined by the census designation "block group"), Table 8.4 shows the median family income in each neighborhood and its relationship to the median home value in that same area (to see where each block group is located, refer back to Map 8.1). For this analysis median family income was used, rather than household income, in an attempt to separate out students whose predictably low incomes can skew the data . In almost every block group analyzed, the home prices seem to be in alignment with the income of the families in that area . This signals that those Marquette residents who currently own a home are living within their "affordability" threshold, and do not have a mortgage that requires them to live beyond their means . The calculations did identify one block group (highlighted) that exceeded this 30% threshold . This signals potential affordability issues for these residents . It is also important to remember, that this analysis uses aggregate data and median values for its calculations. As such, it does not account for individual families whose income may be below the median and are indeed f inding it difficult to afford their current home . The analysis above relates only to those residents who currently own a home, and does not make any assumptions about those residents currently seeking to purchase an affordable house within the City limits. According to City leaders and community members, the lack of affordable housing available on the market is indeed an issue. The majority of respondents (60%) expressed a need for housing priced less than $100,000 . Similarly, almost one-third of the respondents to the written survey commented on the need for affordable or low-to-middle income housing when asked what type of housing was missing in Marquette. This scarcity of affordable homes may be exacerbated by the tendency for many of these moderately-priced houses to be bought and converted into rental properties, taking them out of the available pool of single-family homes. Marquette Master Pinn - 2003 151 �Housing should be provided at a variety of price levels Condominiums can offer alternatives to traditional single-family homes New single-family homes are often outside the price-range of many residents 152 �Affordable Housing - Recommendations In order to meet the need for additional affordable housing, the City of Marquette should encourage a variety of programs, including : • • • Encourage a diversity of new housing options. Supplying a variety of housing options such as mixed-use, townhome or condominium-style units, as well as singlefamily homes can help to ensure there is a housing option available at a variety of price points. Relieve some of the "burdens" associated with developing affordable housing projects. According to the APA, developers may gravitate toward up-scale housing because "development approval for it will be easy to secure, it involves little governmental entanglement, it is more prestigious, and it generates higher profits" (APA 2003). Knowing these obstacles exist, the City should seek to work with developers considering affordable housing projects to ensure the development and approval process is not cumbersome. This assistance could range from simply ensuring good communication with planning and approval agencies, to waiving permit or impact fees associated with development, or even offering to subsidize some of the development costs. Promote infill and reuse as alternatives to "greenfield" development. Housing developments that are sited outside of City services and are sited on previously undeveloped areas are often referred to as "greenfield" sites. Such projects often incur higher costs since they require the construction of roads, sewers, and other services. These costs are often passed on to the consumer as a higher selling price. By encouraging reuse of existing buildings, or redevelopment on infill sites, developers are spared these additional costs. This savings can then be reflected in a more affordable selling price. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 153 �"Tearing down historic homes is a negative move and should be discouraged." 0 1 don't like historical houses being turned into apartments; they are destroying beautiful homes." 0 Marquette needs state historic districts." 154 �Chapter Eight - Neighborhood Assessment Protection of Historic Homes Marquette residents recognize and greatly appreciate the unique and historic architectur~ that is preva lent throughout their Downtown and many residential areas . When queried about their feelings on the protection of historic homes and buildings within the City, an overwhelming majority (92 %) of residents supported strategies that would help maintain these historic structures . As was indicated on Map 8.3, most of these historic homes and buildings are located in the City's central core, in close proximity to Marquette's original Downtown . The Downtown is one area whose historic character residents seem particularly committed to maintaining, ensuring it remains, as one resident put it, "a city with character". This is also true for many residential neighborhoods where the commitment to protect their historic homes is equally strong . This is particularly true for the City's east side, where efforts are already underway to declare a historic district. There are generally two approaches that can be used to provide protection for historic buildings; the declaration of a historic district, and the use of a historic overlay zone. Both approaches have potential applications within the City of Marquette and are described in more detail below. Historic District: This approach calls for the designation of a specific physical area as a historic district. This is often applied to neighborhoods that exhibit a high ratio of homes built prior to 1940. This mechanism regulates changes through the use of a Historic Preservation Commission and a series of guidelines that specify the types of changes that are allowable . Owners seeking to make changes to the exterior of a home located within the district would be required to have the proposed changes approved by the Historic Preservation Commission . This approval process ensures that changes being considered are appropriate and in keeping with the historic aesthetic of the area . Historic Overlay Zone: Unlike the creation of a historic district, whose institution requires the creation of a new review board, a historic overlay zone uses existing zoning mechanisms to regulate changes . Similar to other zoning designations, guidelines would be drafted for the historic overlay zone that would outline the characteristics that buildings within this district would need to follow in order to be in compliance. Changes made that don't meet these guidelines would result in that building being in violation of its zoning . This type of protection mechanism would be particularly useful in Marquette's Downtown district. An inventory of the existing building characteristics could be taken to define what makes the area "historic" . These characteristics might include details such as the required setback, the amount of w indow area required on the first floor, and acceptable methods or materials to use when maintaining or remodeling a building . Once these characteristics become part of the zoning ordinance, owners wishing to make a change to their build ing would need to comply, or risk violating their zoning designation . In situations where an owner feels circumstances warrant a deviation from the defined characteristics, a variance could be sought through the existing Zoning Board of Appeals. Historic preservation is an important concern for many communities . As such, resources at both the state and national level are becoming more available in order to help with the process and with the potential financial costs associated with participation in the program . The following is a list of sources that may be helpful for residents seeking more information : • National Trust for Historic Preservation - www.nat1onaltrust.org • Michigan State Historic Preservation Office - www.m1ch1gan .gov/ha • Michigan Historic Preservation Network - www.mhpn .org Marquette Master Plan - 2003 155 �COMMUNITY INPUT: What are our traffic issues? "Uncon tro lied traffic patterns." "Many dangerous roads around retail sprawl." Strip development along U.S.47 "Too great of a reliance on personal automobiles." "We have a definite traffic problem." uHeavier traffic - highway congestion coming into the city." Excessively wide streets discourage pedestrian use "Slow down all traffic in residential neighborhoods." Several roads have excess capacity and could be reduced in size 156 �Chapter Nine - Traffic Considerations Chapter Nine TRAFFIC CONSIDERATIONS INTRODUCTION Jll!la. While residents appreciate the freedom and mobility that a personal automobile offers, these advantages do not come without a potential cost to their quality of life. Despite a declining population, Marquette has more vehicular traffic today than it did in 1990. This increased traffic volume has prompted Marquette residents to firmly express their desire to reduce traffic in their community and to encourage the creation of a network of pedestrian connections throughout their neighborhoods and downtown . In short, they desire to create, as one group described it during a Community Visioning Session, "a walkable, livable, user-friendly community" . This chapter will present an overview of the traffic analysis done as part of the master plann ing process. This analysis identifies major transportation corridors and key intersections throughout the city. It also identifies the five "early action corridors", which are areas that have been identified as top priorities for helping to improve the existing traffic network . The plan focuses on improvement of these five key areas, however, specific suggestions for improvements are given for all thirty-one analyzed intersections . It also provides a series of general recommendations that, when applied consistently, can increase the efficiency and walkability of Marquette's traffic network . !"'~ ;l/1' "' If" ,,,..... I ~ r'\ ,-<. Marqu ette Ma ster Plan - 2003 ,-.., 157 �Partridse 8o11 ,..-._ ..._ MARQUITTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN ' Mi,Mk8111J Existing Road Network :1-----------------' 0.3 03 -I 06 Mdes --===--•c::==i, ■ ' _______ , Isl H,irlur ( •-1 V) ,__ __ __ ____ _ !"I'! ll11y 'I•• I• .... , 0 - Urban Principal Arterial Urban Minor Arterial Urban Collector Urban Local Street Scenic Corridor Gateway/Image Intersection M(JUtfl Map 9. 1: Marquette Street Classifications ~ 158 MARQuEIJt "' 'I -- ............ �I""' Chapter Nine - Traffic Considerations INVENTORY & ANALYSIS ,--.. Inventory of Existing Road Network In order to understand the existing road network, an inventory of the local streets was conducted and each street was categorized according to its road classification . These classifications refer to a hierarchical system that engineers use to categorize roadways according to their use and relative traffic volume when analyzing a traffic network . Map 9.1 identifies the major streets within Marquette according to their road classification . A description of each of these categories is also offered in Table 9.1. Table 9. 1: Description of Street Classifications Category Example Urban Principal Arteria l US 41/M28 Urban Minor Arterial Washington St. Wright St Urban Collector McClellan Ave Fair Ave Road Lenqth Definition . • .. . ..• • • • • . • . .• ..• Urban Local Prospect St Sixth St. Scenic Corridor Lake Shore Blvd Gateway/ Image Intersection US . 41 & Front St • Wright St & McClellan Ave . Serves maJor centers of activity Highest traffic volume corridors Carnes most trips entering and leaving the urban area Carnes through movements Carries Intra-cIty travel Service to abutting land Is subordinate to travel service Connects with the Urban Principal Arterial Accommodates trips of moderate duration Distributes travel to smaller areas More emphasis on land access than travel Provides both land access and travel service w1th1n res1dent1al neighborhoods, commercial and industrial areas May penetrate into res1dent1al neighborhoods Collects traffic from local roads and transfers this traffic to the arterial system In some areas, 1.e. downtown, the street arid svstem may all be collectors Permits direct access to abutting lands and connections to higher order systems Lowest level of mobility Through traffic movement is deliberately d1scouraaed Connects community facilities Provides s1gnif1cant viewshed opportunities Performs as Urban Local Road but some seaments mav serve as an Urban Collectors Intersections, which serve as, entrance points to the community, a special district, or a community facility May carry s1gnif1cant levels of traffic and turning movements but the role of the IntersectIon Is equally weighted between traffic and aesthetic imaae Marquette = 7% (Typica l = 5-10% ) Marquette = 10% (Typical = 10-15%) Marquette= 19% (Typical= 5-10%) Marquette = 57% (Typical = 65-80%) Marquette = 8% Marq11etle Master Plan - 2003 159 �P,rrlridge &1/ __... MARQUETTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN Middle B,1y Transportation Corridors ,so 03 03 06 M4es ■--==---'.:=:=::'.l1 1:,1··-----------------------------------------·-: Isl Har/.,,, '----,--------: ' -------------- .c:".:::====r::-,,----:--~ !!..!!..-....:t...---1:J..!.,.._ tTI \I} •• c:; "i:l M,rquette ti, Bay ;::,::, 0 N _ Kaye Ave./Fair Ave . Corridor Lakeshore Blvd Corridor McClellan Ave. Corridor Seventh St Corridor US-41/Front St Corridor Fourth St/Presque Isle Ave . Corridor N. N. N. N :;;,., Map 9.2: Marquette's Key Transportation Corridors 160 �Chapter Nine - Traffic Considerations In addition to these road classifications, traffic engineers also rely on a standard evaluation system to identify the level of service (LOS) for a particular roadway. According to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), this level of service rating represents the quality of traffic service provided by a specific roadway under specific traffic demands. Levels of service are designated by ratings ranging from A (least congested) to F (most congested) . Table 9 .2 shows the general description associated with each level of service rating . Table 9.2: Level o f Service Ratings Level of Service A B C D E F General Operating Condition Free flow of traffic Reasonably free flow Stable flow Approachinq unstable flow Unstable flow Forced or breakdown flow (Source: AASHTO 2001) While highway agencies strive to provide a high level of service, this does not necessitate the achievement of an "A" level of service. Generally, a level of service of "C" is considered adequate with a "D" rating also being acceptable in developed sections of urban areas. Results of Marquette Analysis An analysis of Marquette's existing road network shows that it has, with a few notable exceptions, a well-connected, traditional grid traffic system . Such continuity and connection between streets is an extremely important measure of the quality of a particular road network. By ensuring that there are several, interconnected arterial roadways to carry the traffic, the community avoids the undesirable pattern where all traffic is routed to a small number of main arteries. When this occurs, these highvolume corridors often become targets for unsightly strip development, discouraging other uses such as residential or community retail that are repelled by the volume, noise, and hostility of the heavilytraveled roadway. The City's well-connected network also provides opportunities to create highquality pedestrian and bicycle routes . Because traffic is dispersed among a number of arterial routes, improvements such as on-street bicycle lanes can be implemented safely and efficiently without major modifications to the existing roadways . In addition to an inventory of existing roadways, further analysis was conducted on six major transportation corridors, and thirty-one key intersections along these corridors . Maps 9.2 and 9.3 (shown on the following page) show these corridors and their associated intersections. This analysis focused on traffic counts, peak volumes, intersection movements, level of service (LOS), and intersection utilization capacity (IUC) in an attempt to identify high-priority areas that require immediate attention . Marquette Mnster Plan - 2003 161 �Partrtdge Bm1 MARQUITTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN ¢udy Corridors & Int:rsectio; .....~ - 03 03 06Miles ' :--------.: / ,, / 1',rsq1w lsw Harl>:,, i.-··----~ •.. '• t'"' > ~ --------------~===:r=-_J_~~Ld::;~~..iQJ! tT1 Cl) t:: 'ti Ah1rq11nte t'T1 Bay ::-, .... 0 o O Analyzed Intersection with Reference Number ~ N, Kaye Ave ./Fair Ave . Corridor "N,. Lakeshore Blvd . Corridor "N,. McClellan Ave. Corridor "N,. Seventh St. Corridor N I US-41/Front St. Corridor Fourth St./Presque Isle Ave . Map 9.3: Intersections Analyzed for Marquette Traffic Study 162 �Chapter Nine - Traffic Considerations CURRENT TRAFFIC CONCERNS While Marquette's traffic network has a good base to work from, there are still several issues that are reducing the efficiency of the system, causing frustration for local residents as they face increased traffic congestion and lengthy travel delays. The key issues include the following : • Despite declining population, there is more vehicular traffic today as compared to 1990. • "Sprawling" development along U.S.41 has increased traffic congestion . • Some roadways have more lanes than necessary to carry the given traffic volume. • Excessive road width reduces the "walkability" of the area, creating uncomfortable pedestrian routes. • Several major thoroughfares are broken up into unconnected segments (Fair St., North Seventh St., McClellan Ave .) reducing their efficiency and connectivity. • Primary employment centers are located in the northern portion of the community, requiring destination trips to move through residential neighborhoods . • Some neighborhoods experience large volumes of truck traffic that should be diverted to the larger collector roads such as Wright Street or McClellan Avenue . • The design of some road configurations is driven primarily by the snow removal process, rather than by other considerations such as parking, pedestrian movement, or aesthetics. • The current road configuration discourages on-street parking, leading to an excess of off-street lots that take up valuable real estate, which is better used for new development opportunities . Table 9.3: Intersections Analyzed Ref. Nbr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Intersection Ref. Nbr. Fair Ave . & Lakeshore Blvd. Fair Ave . & Pine St. Fair Ave . & Presque Isle Ave .(B.9) Kave Ave. & Presque Isle Ave .(B .3) Hebard Court., Kaye Ave . & Lee Dr. Elizabeth Hardin Circle Dr. (W) & 7th St. (D.1) Elizabeth Harden Circle Dr. 0/V) & Fair Ave . Fair Ave. & Lincoln Ave. Fair Ave . & McClellan Ave . (A.2) Presque Isle Ave . & Wriqht St. College Ave . & Presque Isle Ave . Fourth St. & Hewitt Ave . Fourth St. & Ridge St. Fourth St. & Washington St. Baraga St. & Fourth St. Fisher St. & Fourth St. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Intersection McClellan Ave. & Wright St. (Future) McClellan Ave . & Ridge St. McClellan Ave. & Washington St. McClellan Ave. & US 41 Grove St. & McClellan Ave . McClellan Ave. & Pioneer Rd . County Rd 553 & McClellan Ave . College Ave . & 7th St. Magnetic Ave . & 7th St. Ridge St. & 7th St. 7th St. & Washington St. Spring St. & 7th St. Fisher St., Grove St. & 7th St. Grove St. & US 41 US 41 W , US 41 S & Front St Marquette Master Plan - 2003 163 �(' ~ ,. f' BEFORE: AFTER: Figure 9.1: Example of new Kaye/Fair connection BEFORE: AFTER: ti' Figure 9.2: Example of the Seventh Street extension 164 �Chapter Nine - Traffic Considerations RECOMMENDATIONS The following recommendations are based on the traffic analysis conducted by SSOE, and the expert observations of two nationally known practitioners, Walter Kulash and Dan Burden, who specialize in traffic engineering and walkable communities. They also reflect the concerns and priorities of the local City leadership as well as those of community residents . The information presented below represents a summary of the reports submitted by Dan Burden, Walter Kulash, and SSOE. To review a full copy of their reports, please see Appendices B, C, and D. '"' 1' Recommendations for Early Action Corridors As indicated above, improvements to several key intersections and corridors would provide immediate benefits for local residents who are seeking ways to reduce traffic congestion and delays. The following five corridors are considered to be these key areas and, as such, have been identified as high priorities for upgrades and improvements. These selections were identified as priority corridors by the Mac;ter Plan Steering Committee. SSOE conducted a thorough inventory and analysis of these areas, fo(u°sing on traffic volumes, intersection movements, pedestrian activity, and overall level of service. This data was then further analyzed by Walter Kulash, a nationally known traffic engineer. A summary of his analyses and recommendations for each of the five early action corridors is given below: 1. The Kaye / Fair Avenue Connection: The current lack of connection between the two segments of Fair Avenue on either side of the University results in a number of issues on nearby perimeter streets such as Lincoln, Wright, North Fourth, and Kaye. This disconnect causes increased traffic volumes from through traffic attempting to circumvent the campus as well as campus traffic attempting to reach a parking destination. It also creates a number of "T" intersections, requiring multiple stops and turning movements in order to move around the campus. Connecting Fair Ave . as a continuous route around the campus without turning movements will create a critical east-west artery (See Figure 9.1). Currently, due to road disruptions by the campus and the nearby Park Cemetery, the nearest east-west artery is almost onehalf mile to the north at Wright St. 2. North Seventh Street Connections: One weakness of the current U.S.41 "bypass" is the lack of connection to north-south streets. While it provides a connection to the downtown area via Business 41 or Front St., it lacks easy access to other major destinations such as the University and the Hospital. Even though these have become the most popular destinations, travelers are still forced to travel through Downtown, or along Grove and Fisher Streets before being allowed to head north on U.S.41. To help remedy this situation, Seventh Street should be extended to create a connection from U.S.41 to Washington St. (See Figure 9.2). Some people are hesitant to create a new signalized intersection along the bypass for fear that it may lead to a proliferation of such signals, thus reducing the effectiveness of the bypass. A new signalized connection at Seventh Street, however, is a strategic addition that offers huge benefits regarding connectivity to other areas of the city. Its implementation should not pose any threat to the mobility of through traffic on U.S.41 . Another concern associated with the Seventh Street extension is the potential disruption to the existing neighborhoods in that area due to the increased traffic that would be created as a result of this new connection . For this reason, a second route is being considered that would bend around these existing neighborhoods in order to connect to the bypass. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 165 �• Figure 9.3: Potential Redesign for the Lakeshore Boulevard 166 �Chapter Nine - Traffic Considerations 3. Lake Shore Boulevard Redesign The Lake Shore Boulevard represents an opportunity to create one of the most successful waterfront reclamation projects on the Great Lakes. Its position along scenic Lake Superior provides an opportunity to design more than just a functional roadway, but a signature for the city. As such, the redesign of the corridor should address much more than the standard functionality of a traffic roadway. It should address the entire context including the road, the adjacent land, pedestrian access, and the aesthetic treatment of the entire corridor. The following are some of the key elements that should be considered in the design of the new parkway: • Address the issues currently affecting Lakeshore Boulevard, particularly the winter flooding and freezing of the roadway. A realignment of the road may be necessary to remediate these issues. • Accommodate parking, perhaps as numerous small "vest pocket" lots. Such lots will provide access to the key destinations along the lakefront without creating a large, linear parking lot that would seem reminiscent of a strip mall . • Pay careful attention to trees and landscaping, which can make a powerful aesthetic statement. Use new tree plantings to replace aging vegetation and also to extend the current "forested" appearance along more of the roadway. • Provide continuous bicycle and pedestrian paths on the lake side of the boulevard, either as part of the roadway, or within the shoreline corridor. This should be done in conjunction with traffic calming features that will emphasize the presence of pedestrians and lakeshore visitors and discourage trucks and other through traffic. • Create design controls for private development fronting the west side of the parkway to ensure such development adds to, and does not detract from, the scenic quality of the parkway. • Develop a road design that emphasizes "parkway" characteristics, such as: o Winding horizontal road alignments and short vertical curves o Informal, but spectacular tree plantings and other landscaping o Distinctive signage including directional and wayfinding signs o "Gateways" to key east-west arteries o Distinctive aggregate or pavement color o Special low-height "parkway" lighting o Local materials such as stone and timber for road furniture Figure 9.3 demonstrates what a potential redesign of the Lakeshore Boulevard might include. This conceptual plan includes the realignment of the road away from the shoreline to prevent winter flooding. This realignment also creates the opportunity to create a park area with public green space and a bike path adjacent to Lake Superior. New tree plantings serve to buffer the road and park from a new series of business park developments that would occur just west of Lakeshore Boulevard. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 167 �Current U.S.41 - Front Street Intersection Figure 9.4: Redesigned " T" Intersection for U.S.41 - Front Street +-- Figure 9.5: Roundabout at the U.S.41 - Front Street Intersection 168 �Chapter Nine - Traffic Considerations 4. U.S.41 / Front Street Intersection The current design of the U.S.41 / Front St. intersection is a source of traffic congestion, lengthy delays, and general frustration for local residents . While the channelized "T" design may have been appropriate at the time of its construction, the increased traffic volume at this intersection has become too heavy for the current intersection design to safely and efficiently function. The following issues are considered to be the most troublesome and in need of attention : • • • • The "T" geometry of the intersection favors through traffic traveling north-south between U.S. 41 and Business 41, even though this is not the dominant traffic movement. The dominant movement is instead through traffic moving east or west along U.S. 41 . Unfortunately, vehicles traveling in these directions are forced to stop and make a right-angle turn, causing congestion, delays, and the perception of a hazard . The large-radius sweeping turns of the intersection are not appropriate for the area or its traffic patterns . Within an urban area there is no expectation for a high-speed turn at intersections, even those of major arteries . Such high-speed intersections can also pose a hazard to pedestrians and bicyclists attempting to cross in these areas. The current intersection consumes a large amount of space due to its large channelization islands. These islands are not useable for public open space or a decorative planting design . The current intersection is not an appealing entry point to the City of Marquette . A more aesthetic "gateway" entrance is particularly important when coordinated w ith the waterfront reclamation project that is underway in the nearby Lower Harbor area . Figures 9.4 and 9.5 show two possible reconfiguration options for the U.S. 41 / Front Street intersection . Figure 9.4 represents a new signalized "T" intersection, where U.S.41 becomes the through movement. This creates a more efficient intersection since the dominant flow of traffic is traveling along the U.S.41 roadway. Figure 9.5 incorporates a roundabout into the intersection, giving high priority to the east and westbound traffic along U.S.41 . Such a design would eliminate the need for right angle turns, which currently diminish the efficiency of the current intersection . Both suggested intersection designs would allow for the "daylighting " of the Whetstone Brook, which was disrupted by the original construction of the bypass . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 169 �"i ~ BEFORE: AFTER: ~ ~ 1i ri ~ 1t • • ~ Figure 9.6: Example of the McClellan Avenue Extension -~ Existing 1111 m• a t t ~ § 19.5' 19.5' Driving Lane Driving lane 39• Existing Face of Curb to Face of Curb Proposed 1111 McClellan Avenue between Ridge St. and Fair Ave . ;• • Walk Ter Bike Drivlng Lane Drtving Lane 34· Edge of Metal to Edge of Metal Figure 9.7: Redesign of the McClellan roadway between Washington St. and Fair Ave. •m JillI t t • • • • • • • ,= 170 �Chapter Nine - Traffic Considerations 5. McClellan Avenue The primary change proposed for the McClellan Avenue corridor is its extension north from Fair Avenue to Wright Street (See Figure 9.6). This extension will provide an uninterrupted north-south corridor connecting to every major east-west artery in the City. Other key issues related to the McClellan corridor include: • Neighborhoods between Fair Avenue and Wright Street should be protected from the impacts of the new road extension. Such protections should include traffic calming measures and a design that discourages east/west cut-through traffic. This extension should also be designed to minimize the impact on nearby Raney Creek . • Upgrade the road segment between Washington Street and Fair Avenue. This particular segment is somewhat out of character with the other city streets in Marquette . Construction along McClellan Avenue provides the opportunity to upgrade this segment of road to include drainage improvements, sidewalks, proper driveway connections, street-tree plantings, and street lighting (See Figure 9. 7 for an example of such an upgrade). Because there is less need for on-street parking in this area than in other areas such as the older neighborhoods to the east, it would be appropriate to limit parking to one side of the street. • Additional engineering and design improvements should be considered for the intersections at Washington Street and U.S.41 . Engineering improvements would include lane upgrades, signal phases, and better markings. Design changes should focus on the creation of a more urban design concept that would encourage nodes of walkable retail, rather than the unsightly strip pattern that is beginning to occur. • Consider incorporating boulevards with landscaped medians along portions of McClellan Avenue, particularly between the U.S.41 and M-544 intersection . • Consider installing roundabouts along the length of the McClellan Avenue corridor at the Wright, Fair, Ridge, Grove, and Pioneer intersections. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 171 �~ ~ Shared Driving Lane 26' Edge of Metal to Edge of Metal Local Road - "Yield" Edge of Metal to Edge of Metal Local Road 8' Walk 5' 8' Terrace Parking 12' Driving Lane 12' Driving Lane 42' Edge of Metal to Edge of Metal Collector Road GD Walk Edge of Metal to Edge of Metal Arterial Road Figure 9.8: New Design Guidelines for Marquette Roadways 172 �Chapter Nine - Traffic Considerations Reconfiguration of Roadways While the improvements identified thus far have been specific to the five early action corridors, there are several important recommendations that apply to the general design of roadways throughout the City of Marquette . One of the most important issues to address is the potential reconfiguration of roadways in many areas of the city. These reconfigurations are primarily focused on four types of modifications: 1. A reduction in the number of travel lanes 2. A reduction in the pavement width 3. The incorporation of on-street parking 4. Modification of existing intersections, signals, and controls While each road that is being considered for reconfiguration should be examined individually, Marquette should have a general standard that will provide design guidelines for all the major types of roadways within the city. Figure 9.8 presents these guidelines, showing a cross-section for a variety of road classifications, including local roads, larger collector roads, and finally a set of design standards for the main arterial thoroughfares throughout the city. These design standards incorporate snow removal and storage considerations requested by the Department of Public Works. Street width, including on street parking where applicable, is measured from edge of metal to edge of metal of curb . The width of the curb is typically one foot from the edge of metal to back of curb. Therefore, a local street with on street parking on one side of the street is thirty-one feet (two driving lanes at 22', one parking lane at 7' and 2' for curbs on each side of the street.) Local Roads - These roads are found primarily in residential neighborhoods and represent the smallest, and slowest roadways in the traffic system . Design guidelines recommend that all local roads include a 11' driving lane, one 7' lane for parking where needed, a 5' terrace area to allow for snow storage after plowing, and a 5'-4" sidewalk on both sides of the roadway. In some neighborhoods it may be desirable to reduce the amount of roadway pavement as much as possible in order to allow a sufficient buffer between the road and the adjacent houses. In these situations, a "yield" street may be appropriate . The cross-section for a "yield" street is the same as a typical local road, except that the driving area is reduced from 22 to 17 feet. Rather than designating two specific lanes with a center lane marking, the 17' driving lane is shared between the two-way traffic. When cars meet each other, one car must yield, letting the other pass. This type of design is a particularly effective way to slow traffic and increase the safety of neighborhood residents . Collector Roads - Design guidelines for collector roads specify 12' driving lanes and 8' parking lanes, with the same 5' terrace area between the roadway and the sidewalk. Along collector roads, parking will be allowed on both sides of the street. This is particularly useful since many collector roads are located in commercial areas where the additional parking will be utilized by customers . Arterial Roads - Arterial roads use the same road measurements as the collector roads (12 ' driving lanes and 8' parking lanes). If these roads carry sufficient traffic, there may be a need to add additional driving lanes. In such cases, a central median or boulevard should be used to separate oncoming traffic and to provide a safe stopping point for pedestrians trying to cross these large roads . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 173 �Table 9.4: Roads to consider for a reduction in travel lanes Road McClellan Avenue Presque Isle Avenue and Fourth Street North Wright Street Modification Reduce from current 4 or 5 lane configuration to a 2 lane, or 3 lane (2 travel lanes with a shared central turninq lane) (See Fiqure 9.9) . This corridor should remain at, or be reduced to 2 lanes in all sections. A third lane may be added where needed to promote efficient movement near traffic signals. All portions of Wright St. should operate as a 2-lane roadway . A third lane may be added where needed to provide for turns and storaqe Existing a.... a ,r @ ,r l:>iMno .... -... IY 'ti.mini- 8 s &...,.lw ""'"'9lw tr ,r 61 ' E1atnJ hr.a a/Curb• fc»dCwrt, t lt.... l I -- "' t t """"' .... McClellan Avenue at Superior HIiis Elementary School ... 10' °""""' .... ExlDMJ_F.mo/Curb,of.aadCurb Proposed - Option 2 t...... Proposed - Option 3 ... Figure 9.9: Options for Reducing Lanes along McClellan Avenue 174 -"' �Chapter Nine - Traffic Considerations Reduction in Number of Travel Lanes An analysis of Marquette's roadways show that in many areas, particularly along the main arterial roads within the City, there are more travel lanes than necessary to carry the existing traffic load . Table 9.5 shows the level of service at the thirty-one intersections that were analyzed. Table 9.5: Level of Service on Analyzed Intersections Intersection Fair Ave . & Lakeshore Blvd . Fair Ave. & Pine St. Fair Ave. & Presque Isle Ave .(B.9) Kaye Ave . & Presque Isle Ave .(B.3) Hebard Court., Kaye Ave . & Lee Dr. Elizabeth Hardin Circle Dr. (WJ & 7th St. (D.1) Elizabeth Harden Circle Dr. (WJ & Fair Ave . Fair Ave. & Lincoln Ave . Fair Ave . & McClellan Ave . (A.2) Presque Isle Ave . & Wriqht St. College Ave . & Presque Isle Ave. Fourth St. & Hewitt Ave. Fourth 5t. & Ridge St. Fourth St. & Washinqton St. Baraga St. & Fourth St. Fisher St. & Fourth St. McClellan Ave . & Wright St. (Future) McClellan Ave. & Ridge St. McClellan Ave . & Washinqton St. McClellan Ave . & US 41 Grove St. & McClellan Ave. McClellan Ave . & Pioneer Rd . County Rd 553 & McClellan Ave . College Ave. & 7th St. Maanetic Ave. & 7th St. Ridqe St. & 7th St. 7th St. & Wash1nqton St. Spring St. & 7th St. Fisher St., Grove St. & 7th St. Grove St. & US 41 US 41 W . US 41 S & Front St 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Level of Service A A A B A A A B C B B A A B A B A A B B C A A B B A A A B C F Intersect ion Capacity Utilization A A A B A A A A C C A C A B A B A A B A Intersection Del ay (seconds) 4 .6 9.1 7.6 14.3 6.1 5.4 3.8 11 .7 33 .2 11.5 15.1 3.6 2 15.3 4 12.9 0 .1 7 .9 17.8 12 .8 A 2.6 7 .2 10.3 10.2 1.0 3.4 7.8 16.7 22 .2 118.5 A A A A B A A A This table shows that almost universally, the level of service along the major traffic corridors is much higher than it need be. This pattern signals excess road capacity and identifies areas where the number of travel lanes could be reduced without significantly reducing the quality of service on the reconfigured roads. The benefits of reducing the number of travel lanes are numerous: • Traffic speeds can be reduced thereby increasing the safety of the road • • • • Reduced speeds increase the efficiency of the road by increasing its carrying capacity. Because vehicles are traveling at slower speeds, less space is needed between each car to ensure a safe stopping distance. This smaller internode allows more cars to be traveling on the road at the same time, increasing the road's carrying capacity. Fewer travel lanes promote increased access for non-motorized modes of transportation such as biking . Pedestrian safety and comfort is increased at road intersections due to the reduced width of the roadway Less roadway pavement means less snow removal Table 9.4 (see facing page) identifies some roads that would benefit from a reduction in the number of travel lanes . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 175 �Existing 1111 m• ,s ,s Driving Lane 30' Existing Face cl Curt> to Face of Curb Proposed Craig St. near Bothwell Middle School f ~~ fr«~a:eJ ~~ ~ f ~ ~ fr~a:ef !;:: t 1 i Figure 9. 10: Example of Reduced Lane Width 1 Edg~ of Metal I~ Edge of Metal i Four-way stops can encourage "speed spiking" Existin g Lane Configuration Figure 9. 11 : Proposed Alignment for Opposing Left Turn Lanes 176 �Chapter Nine - Traffic Considerations Reduction in Pavement Width In addition to removing unneeded travel lanes, Marquette streets could also benefit from a reduction in lane width on many roads. This reduction provides several opportunities for improvements: • Reduced road width reduces the tendency for people to speed, resulting in a safer roadway. • Excess road width can be used to add bike lanes without undergoing costly reconstruction . • Excess road width can be reused as parking lanes . • Excess road width can be reclaimed as a larger "green space" within the terrace area adjacent to the roadway. This area can be used for tree planting, sidewalks, or other pedestrian trails . • Reduced road width will require less snow-plowing and provide increased snow storage areas wit hin the enlarged terrace area . • More narrow roads, particularly when accompanied by street trees or other landscaping are more aesthetically pleasing than a barren expanse of asphalt. Figure 9.10 demonstrates how some streets in Marquette could benefit from a reduction in roadway width. This example was taken from a residential neighborhood (Craig Street near the Bothwell Middle School), however, this same theory could apply to a number of roadways throughout the City. Reconfiguration of Intersection Signals People often look to the use of stop signs or other intersection signals as a way of controlling traffic flow and reducing speeding . The reality, however, is that an increase in the number of stop signs at intersections can lead to a phenomenon called "speed spiking" in which drivers will speed between intersections in order to make up for the time they feel they have lost by having to stop. For this reason, eliminating many of the four-way stops in Marquette, and looking for alternative controls such as roundabouts, can be a successful way to control motorists' speed . Other traffic calming measures can be instituted along the length of these roadways to further reduce speeding and to increase walkability. A more detailed description of these and other walkability concepts is given in Chapter Ten . There are also opportunities to improve intersection efficiency through simple lane reconfigurations. As noted in both the SSOE and Kulash traffic studies, several intersections in Marquette have opposing left turn lanes that do not align, resulting in a wasted traffic lane in each direction . By restriping these intersections to align the opposing left turns, it creates room for a dedicated right turn lane and creates the potential to narrow the roadway if desired (See Figure 9.11 ). Marquette Master Plan - 2003 177 �,,,----,_ ------- ,,---.___ Figure 9.12: This example of infill development within the Downtown demonstrates how a density of commercial buildings provide added incentive for patrons to frequent the Downtown commercial businesses. Parking is provided by existing lots and on-street spaces. Sketches by: Tripti Singh and T.A. Vijayasanan 178 �Incorporation of On-Street Parking • • The City of Marquette needs to reevaluate its current parking strategy, particularly as it relates to the Downtown area. The lack of on-street parking within the central business district can have detrimental effects on the success of a commercial area. Because there is very little on-street parking available, businesses are forced to use potential development parcels to house off-street parking lots instead. This proliferation of off-street lots has resulted in a large number of prime development parcels being underutilized, and has reduced the Downtown's critical mass of buildings (See Figure 9.12). If more parking were available on the street, these currently unproductive parking lots could be redeveloped into commercial or retail businesses, thus providing additional tax revenue to the City. Table 9.6 presents a rough estimate of the amount of lost tax revenue for each surplus parking space assuming reuse of this area for new construction . Given that each parking space can cost an estimated $298 in lost tax revenue, a 50-car lot could amount to $14,900 in tax revenue the City could realize if the property were put to more productive use. Table 9.6: Economic Cost of Excessive Parking Parking Area New Building Construction Estimated Market Value Taxable Value (50%) City of Marquette - tax millage Tax Revenue Per Parking Space (10' X 20' + circulation) 350 SF $125/SF $43,750 $21,875 .01363 $298 Beyond the potential for new development, on-street parking can increase pedestrian traffic and sales to Downtown businesses . When patrons are able to conveniently park and walk to nearby stores, they are more likely to patronize a number of nearby shops, rather than simply driving to their destination and leaving without visiting any other retail establishments . In addition to the benefits that on-street parking can provide within the central business district, it can also be an important traffic calming device. For example, Marquette's policy of "no parking on school days" in areas adjacent to educational facilities may actually increase the hazard for children walking to school. When the roadway is completely open for through traffic, motorists have a tendency to speed. By placing parked cars along the roadway, motorists often slow down to adjust to the presence of additional cars. This same strategy can be used in residential areas to control the speed of motorists as they pass through these neighborhoods. The incorporation of additional on-street parking is closely tied to the two modifications mentioned above (reduction in travel lanes and road width). Often, when parking additions are done in conjunction with these other changes, on-street parking can be accommodated within the existing roadway, eliminating the need for a costly construction project. The additional parking that is supplied on-street may also eliminate the need for costly expenditures such as a parking structures. The appropriate type of parking (angle, parallel, etc.) is highly dependent on the available road width and should be assessed on a case-by-case basis. In areas that have little excess road width, parallel parking may be the only option. In other areas, more efficient parking layouts, such as angle parking, may be possible. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 179 �Residents park on their lawns during winter due to a lack of on-street parking 180 �Chapter Nine - Traffic Considerations ,,.........,__ ' ,,......,__ ~ ~ =- .,...-..,_ =- ,,.........___ = Effect of Reconfigurations on Snow Removal Process In a winter city such as Marquette, the convenience and efficiency of the snow removal process is an important issue. The modifications to the number and width of roadway lanes would have beneficial effects on the snow removal process. Fewer lanes would require fewer passes by the plows to clear the roadway. Also, the additional terrace area created by narrowing the existing lanes would provide a larger area for snow storage. This would prevent the snow from being potentially plowed onto the sidewalks where it is then pushed back toward the streets when the sidewalks are cleared creating a "see-saw" effect. The addition of on-street parking can also be coordinated with the snow removal process to prevent conflicts or interference. The use of an "Alternate-Side Parking" program has been used successfully in numerous other winter cities. Such a program allows parking on one side of the street while prohibiting it on the other, thus allowing for snow removal. The side allowed for parking alternates daily, ensuring that the plowing of the parking area is no more than one day out of date. Such a program can be administered with a "blanket" regulation for the entire city and be easily enforced . It is important to remember that, while snow removal is a critical service provided to city residents, it should not necessarily be the defining factor for the design of the city streets. It is important to balance the needs of the snow maintenance crews with other desirable characteristics such as on-street parking, ease of pedestrian access, and the aesthetic implications of the roadway design . ,,,-... ---=- Marquette Master Pinn - 2003 181 �( ( (~ ~ l ~ · ~ ~ ~ ~ C ~ ~ c:: ·.,; c:: QJ c:: Presq11e lslP .~ W11ql1t PrP,qlle hie & C olle•ge 1th & Hew111 4th & R1rJqp 4th & W,a,h111f)t•)11 Br1raq;i ,_t" -';, ,isl H•r ,t t11 & 1 2 3 4 5 6 c:: _J c:: c:: >- ru :c >- -~ <( 4= 2X _J QJ a: "~ "" <{ 0 QJ c:: <( c:: c:: u 0 ..:J QJ E c:: :3 .i:: c QJ c:: !I ! ~ I 4= Lake,hore Fair & P111f' f a11 & PrPSQUP 1,IP K.ave /1. rre,QllP !,le r'.ayf' & HPh.arrl r 117.abPth H<1rd1n & 7th \t1eet F<11r & tl1;,abPtl1 H,:1rcl111 r<'ltr & I 1nrnln r,w & M(llPlliln QJ ~ :3 l"..i11 & V, LU ~ > QJ :3 u ~ j c ru :g _c_ ru a.. 2.., ru c:: c:: QJ II Ii i I QJ ~ E >- " ru a.. 0:: 0 0: ~ ..c: V, ["' V, E c:: QJ > ru QJ E 0 (lJ >- >- . . 7 1 vi ~ ru ~ i5 2 ru· c:: g V, _,U' ;,;:::i ]I .. 8 9 10 11 "' C • 12 13 14 15 ... . . 16 0 ·,::; u <IJ ~ ~ ..,<IJ .s l:J <IJ Mc 1· IPl!an & Witf!l7T M1Clell~n & HtdqP Mcn~,11;i11 & W;ish111qto11 Md fell.in & 11, , 41 Mt• lrll,ln R <,rnve Mee lrllnn & P10r1eer Mr( IPllan /1, ( RSS1f 71h ,11Pet & r ol!ec_1p 7th ~IIPP1 & MaonPtl( 711"1 \trPPI & R1dqp 'lh Str,,et 1-..W,1,h1nqto11 7111 <,1,w,1 & '-prinn 11she1 & GrnvP (,t0VP 81 U ', •11 u <, 4 1 & Front i 17 18 11) 19 20 '{ c:: . 21 ~ e Q, 24 29 30 31 c:: E 23 27 28 ~ <IJ 22 25 26 .... -E _§ . l:J ..."' <IJ <IJ 01 01 ::, V, ,:..: oi ~ .Q ~ N 00 .... �Chapter Nine - Traffic Considerations Other Traffic System Enhancements In addition to the system-wide improvements suggested above, there are other, more-detailed recommendations that would benefit the Marquette traffic system. First, Table 9.7 presents detailed recommendations for the thirty-one intersections that were analyzed as part of the master planning process . Second, recommendations are presented that relate directly to the safety of the pedestrian system within the City. Finally, suggestions are given for new road connections and other road design suggestions that would help to improve the efficiency and convenience of Marquette's traffic system . Pedestrian-Related Enhancements: • Crosswalks - Crosswalks delineate safe crossing areas for pedestrians and alert motorists that pedestrians may be present. Crosswalks in Marquette currently do not meet the design standards that allow them to fully-function in both these capacities. In order to ensure they can be easily seen by both pedestrians and motorists, crosswalk strips should be at least 18" w ide and use a "ladder" style . Stripes should be painted yellow for easy visibility during winter. Stop bars for veh icles should be located at least 10 feet from the crosswalk . • Walk Signals - In several locations, the pedestrian walk signals are undersized for the intersection and do not allow sufficient time for a pedestrian to safely cross. Walk signals should be evaluated to ensure that they are easily visible, and correspond to the size of the road . Other improvements, such as audible walk signals should be considered to fully accommodate ADA concerns . • Sidewalks - Wh ile sidewalks may not seem like an integral part of the traffic system, they are often designed as part of the larger street cross-section when new roads are being engineered . The City's practice of allowing variances for developers who do not want to build sidewalks should be eliminated . In order to provide more non-motorized transportation routes, sidewalks should be considered as an integral piece of a new road's construction . This is particularly true in areas near the University campus and in area's adjacent to schools or other key services . Other System Enhancements: • • • • • Designation of truck routes - Currently, high volumes of truck traffic present a problem for many residential neighborhoods. Specific truck routes should be designated to route traffic along the major collectors, rather than through residential areas . Extension of M -554 - The extension of M -554 west into Marquette Township would provide a future east-west connection between these municipalities. Genesee Street - Establish Genesee Street as primary route for accessing the Lower Harbor area . Discourage the use of cul-de-sacs - When designing new subdivisions, the use of cul-de-sacs should be discouraged . Such road patterns are difficult for safetyrelated equipment such as fire department trucks and other city services to access. These dead-end areas also do not help to improve the interconnectedness of the City as a whole. Design for service vehicles - Traffic calming mechanisms, such as curb extensions should be designed to accommodate snow-plows and other large service vehicles. Extensions should be designed using gradual curves, rather than right angles that would be difficult for plows to maneuver around . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 183 �Partridge Bay MARQUETTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN Transportation Framework Plan -------------o■ii111-c=jo--■oi:3====::'iol6 Miles Pres.111e I,le tT1 V) i::: "';) Al • t f ~ • f I r 1' 9 i"( G • I R:Jadllnterredion aassfications - Urban Principal Arterial Urban Minor Arterial Urban Collector Urban Local Street Scenic Corridor Gateway/Image Intersection • 1 "' I \ ,- Ftopored Improvements ! .·•· .. · New Road : •••••••• ,s 1 / • • • • • • • •:,/: G Boulevard IntersectionMedian Roundabout Signal Installation or Upgrade Intersection Realignment Lane Reconfiguration Signal & Lane Reconfiguration )( Pedestrian Tunnel & Plaza \, I Map 9.4: Proposed improvements to Marquette's current road network 184 Marquette M flay ;::::, .... 0 ;::::, ~ . �Chapter Nine - Traffic Considerations TRANSPORTATION FRAMEWORK - Summary A summary of the modifications recommended for Marquette's existing road network is presented in Map 9.4 . This map identifies proposed improvements including : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 11 . Completion of McClellan Avenue from Wright Street to M-554, resulting in another community north-south connector. Inclusion of a median along McClellan Avenue from M-554 to Grove Street. Extension of Seventh Street from Spring to Washington Street. Designation of Lakeshore Boulevard from Presque Isle to Genesee Street as a scenic corridor. Implementation of the Kaye I Fair extension. Construction of a pedestrian tunnel at U.S.41 . New road extension into Marquette Township at M-554. Internal roadway connections on Pioneer Road and Wilson Street. New road behind mall to connect with McClellan Avenue. Inclusion of roundabouts . New scenic corridor along Carp River at Mount Marquette Road . These modifications, used in conjunction with the guidelines presented for road design and walkability, will improve the efficiency and appearance of Marquette's road network, relieving some of the resident's current concerns. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 185 �COMMUNITY INPUT: What are our walkability issues? ult's shameful how difficult it is to get around on foot in Marquette in the winter." The existing trail system provides pedestrian access throughout the City uKids are walking down the middle of the road." uLack of sidewalks especially around school routes is a community disgrace." uNeed bike and pedestrian friendly development." The local bike path is a popular destination for residents Separating pedestrian pathways from vehicular traffic increases safety 186 �Chapter Ten - Walkability Considerations Chapter Ten WALKABILI1Y CONSIDERATIONS INTRODUCTION While improvements to the traffic system are a critical component of a walkable community, it is by no means the only area to which attention must be given. The creation of a truly livable and walkable community involves a careful analysis of land use patterns, development practices, parking policies, location of pedestrian connections, school policies, and an overall commitment by the residents to improve the walkabiIity of their city. In order to assist with this analysis, the City of Marquette hired Dan Burden, a nationally known expert in walkability. The following chapter represents a summary of his analyses as well as his recommendations for how Marquette can improve its walkability. To review a copy of his full report, please see Appendix B. ANALYSIS OF CURRENT CONDITIONS The City of Marquette enjoys a number of advantages that make it an ideal community in which to promote walkability. Its traditional grid-pattern street network creates links between most neighborhoods whose housing density supports walking. Also, city amenities such as the waterfront, downtown, and the University are centrally located, providing strong opportunities to create pedestrian links between these areas and the surrounding residential neighborhoods. Finally, Marquette's somewhat isolated location, winter conditions, and limited population growth has helped to minimize the impact of sprawl development. While these characteristics provide an excellent base from which to work, there are still a number of issues that must be addressed before Marquette can reach its full potential from a walkability standpoint. It is important to remember that the perceived quality of life within a community is often tightly linked with these walkability principles. 1. Roads need to be kept small and well linked - While the importance of reducing road widths was discussed in the previous chapter, it is certainly worth a second mention . Within Marquette, virtually all roadways built or planned for multiple lanes (4 or more) could be compressed to two lanes with a third, center turn lane or a median . This compression of roadways into safer, more efficient two-lane roadways creates an affordable system that also allows access for all modes of transportation . (U .S.41 is one notable exception to this rule - its traffic volume justifies its design as a multiple lane roadway). 2. Land use patterns must provide many choices of housing for students - Student housing is a difficult issue currently facing the City of Marquette. In order to reduce vehicular traffic in and around campus and to ensure the current level of roadway service, it is essential to encourage students to commute via non-motorized means (such as walking or biking). This can be done by creating new, high-density (11-30 dwelling units per acre) housing opportunities on campus or within ¼ - ½ mile of the campus . Such units would be mixed-use, including commercial and retail stores to provide convenient amenities within walking distance . As a general rule, 6-8 units per acre is the minimum density needed to promote walkability In a particular area. In addition to promoting these new mixed-use developments near campus, there should be an effort to connect students and other pedestrians to the Downtown area via a major walkway. This would promote non-motorized connections between the Downtown business district and large pools of customers such as University or the Hospital. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 187 �~ r--. ,,..--.. r"'P11rtridge Bay ,.---..._ r"' MARQUITTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN Walking Distances From Selected Locations , . Ollii--= 1illl-llll[ 03==jO J6 M~es ,.... ,...--..,__ Isle t""' Harbor ~ ,.....__ m r ,-.... tr, c:: Mnrquette &y "" tT'l ::,:, .... D D 0 5-Minute Walk (0.25 Mile) 10-Minute Walk (0 50 Mile) :::, ,.---..._ ... ,,..---..._ ,,.---... Map 10. 1: Five and Ten-minute Walk Radii 188 �Chapter Ten • Walkability Considerations 3. Land use and sustainable development are regional issues - As Marquette is well aware, poor development and land use practices in the adjacent Townships are having direct effects on the quality of life within the city proper. For this reason, it is extremely important to create highly communicative regional or inter-agency processes to encourage partnerships between these different municipalities. These processes would address issues such as "big-box" development, traffic congestion, placement of schools, libraries, parks, and other services. On a smaller scale, Marquette should incorporate walkability concepts into its plan review process to ensure new development does not detract from the City's overall walkabilty goals. 4. Poor land use practices rob from community values and priorities - Levels of service on several roadways will begin to decline from increased traffic due to sprawl. Roads that are at particular risk include McClellan, Wright, Lincoln, Fair, and Fourth /Presque Isle. 5. As residents age there is a growing need for quality housing in a choice of central locations - Marquette is beginning to experience an increase in the average age of its population . Providing a wide range of affordable and convenient housing options for these residents is an important priority. This housing should be located near community amenities such as the harbor, Downtown, or the University. It also should include high-density (11-30 dwelling units/acre) housing within mixed-use or retail areas . 6. School policies and practices must be updated - Nationally, the number of children walking to school has dropped dramatically. Steps must be taken to ensure proper placement of schools along with several changes to improve the walkability of the area. This includes completing all sidewalks within ¼ mile of schools, creating patterns for vehicular traffic that emphasize the safety and convenience of walking or biking, and even prohibiting traffic on some streets during specified "drop-off/ pick-up" times. 7. Parking strategies must change - Marquette needs to reevaluate its approach to parking . Currently, a large number of off-street parking lots reduce the amount of land available for infill or mixed-use development. On-street parking should be encouraged as a way to increase opportunities for new development and to also provide traffic calming benefits. 8. Many links and connections are needed - Despite good historic street patterns, Marquette would benefit from additional connections. This is particularly true in the areas near the University and along the Downtown and new Lower Harbor development. Map 10.1 shows the five and tenminute walk radii from the Downtown, the University, and one of the local schools (Bothwell Middle School). This map demonstrates the critical areas in which walkability should be stressed, particularly those areas adjacent to schools and City amenities. New policies and investments are needed to increase the ease, safety, and convenience of walking and bicycling . 9. Snow and its removal is a blessing and a curse - Modifications to current snow removal and storage patterns may be required to increase Marquette's walkabilty. These changes may include new equipment, such as smaller-scale plows that would allow for increased flexibility in the plow's movements, or a change in the general strategy for snow removal. It may also be necessary to modify the design of some traffic management strategies, such as roundabouts or on-street parking, to accommodate plow requirements. In general, these new approaches to snow removal need to balance the needs of snow maintenance providers with other desirable characteristics such as onstreet parking, ease of pedestrian access, and the aesthetic implications of the roadway design . Marquette Master Plan · 2003 189 �A Roundabouts can be an efficient replacement for 4-way stops -; • ' -m• ' Existing t 5' 5'-4" Walk Terrac --- 16' Driving Lane 16' Driving Lane 5' Terrac 32' Existing Face of Curb to Face of Curb t i § _ ~ 5'-4" Walk t Proposed t 5•-4• Walk _t 5' 5' Bike t e: § 11' Driving Lane 11' Driving Lane t i 5' Bike 32' Existing Face of Curb to Face of Curb Figure 10.1: Bike Lanes Added to Roads with Excess Width 190 5' f 5•-4• Walk II ffi W �Chapter Ten - Walkability Consideratt0ns SPECIFIC WALKABILITY SUGGESTIONS In addition to the general areas of concern identified as part of the analysis process, there are a series of specific recommendations that address common walkability concerns. These suggestions pull from the "Walkable Communities" toolbox of traffic calming and walkability solutions. While specific streets are mentioned as potential recipients of such modifications, it is important to note that these are considered system-wide tools and would be appropriate for use on any street showing similar characteristics to those specifically mentioned . Reduce the number of four-way stops - People often consider the addition of stop signs or other intersection controls to be an effective way to slow traffic. Research has shown, however, that such controls can actually increase a motorists' desire to speed in order to make up for the time that is perceived to be lost as a result of the delay. Instead, traffic calming devices such as roundabouts should be used to replace many of the numerous four-way stops along Marquette's roadways. It 1s also important to mention that many of these traffic calming devices lead to more efficient response times for emergency response vehicles. For example, in a 1999 study conducted by Burden, he measured delay times caused by a stop sign to be 6-11 seconds, while a roundabout caused only 4-6 seconds of delay. Suggested Locations: Intersections along McClellan, Presque Isle/Fourth, Front, Wright, Fair, Lakeshore, Third, and Pine should be considered for the incorporation of roundabouts. Reduce number of lanes - As described in Chapter Nine, a reduction in the number of traffic lanes can have a significant effect on the convenience and safety of pedestrians and bicyclists. A reduction in the number of lanes would be appropriate for a large number of streets in Marquette. In general, this reduction would call for multi-lane roadways (4-5 lanes) to be reduced to 2 lanes (with a potential third middle turn lane). Suggested Locations: McClellan, Presque Isle/Fourth, Third, Front, Wright, and Fair could all benefit from a reduction in the number of traffic lanes, while not incurring any detrimental effects to their levels of service. Add bike lanes - When streets appear overly wide and barren of any distractions, people have a tendency to speed. The addition of bike lanes can be an extremely easy way to reduce the width of a roadway while also providing increased access for non-motorized vehicles (See Figure 10.1). Often this modification can be done simply by painting new bike lanes within the existing roadway width, and incorporating new signage. This is an inexpensive, short-term solution for a number of Marquette roadways. Suggested Locations: The following traffic corridors have excess road width and could easily incorporate new 5-6 foot bike lanes within their existing road width: McClellan, Presque Isle/ Fourth, Downtown streets, Third, Front, and Fair. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 191 �COMMUNITY INPUT: 85% of respondents "agree" or "somewhat agree" that Marquette should provide various non-motorized modes of transportation such as sidewalks, pathways, and bike paths. 87% of respondents "agree" or "somewhat agree" that neighborhoods should have sidewalks and pathways for all age groups. On-street parking in the Downtown area "We want a walkable, livable, and userfriendly community" "Encourage non-motorized traffic" "Interconnect town and townships with bike paths, ski paths, hiking paths" Sidewalks, particularly near schools, are important to ensure pedestrian safety 192 �Chapter Ten - Walkability Considerations Add parking - As discussed previously, the incorporation of on-street parking would provide numerous benefits. This could include parallel or diagonal parking, depending on what is appropriate for each location . Suggested Locations: The Downtown business district, in addition to streets such as Presque Isle/Fourth, Third, Front, Pine, Fair, and Lakeshore could all incorporate some form of on-street parking. Add sidewalks - While perhaps an obvious walkability enhancement, sidewalks are not always incorporated in new road designs. Marquette should require developers to include sidewalks on new road systems, particularly those near the University or in close proximity to schools or other key amenities. Rebuild intersections to meet ADA and walkability needs - It is critical that key intersections allow for safe and convenient access for all pedestrians . There are a number of mechanisms that can be used to improve these intersections including curb extensions, refuge islands, channelized islands, and medians. It is also critical to ensure that items such as curb cuts and pedestrian walk signals are properly designed to allow for the safe passage of all residents, particularly those who may have accessibility issues. Suggested Locations: The roads experiencing higher traffic volumes such as U.S.41 and Washington St., are a priority for intersection redesign . Many of these tools, however, should be considered for intersections throughout the City, particularly in areas where pedestrians are present in larger numbers such as near the University and Hospital. Neighborhood Involvement While these City-wide improvements are an important first-step towards realizing Marquette's vision of being a more walkable and livable city, other changes can be planned and addressed at the neighborhood level. Residents are highly knowledgeable about the issues affecting their neighborhoods, and are often in the best position to recommend innovative solutions that fit the needs of their particular area. In order to fully utilize this local knowledge, walkability expert Dan Burden recommends the development of neighborhood master plans, that focus on the issue specific to a particular area. While such a process would take cooperation between the City and the residents, the development of these plans have a number of significant advantages, such as: • Creating a specific vision for each neighborhood, which enables city planners to make decisions that best reflect the desires of the local community. • Allowing for the identification and training of citizen leaders who can help answer questions and alleviate the fears of their fellow neighbors when an area is facing a sign if icant change. • Increasing public involvement in the city's planning process, and helping citizens feel ownership towards the determined solutions. Marqu ette Master Plan - 2003 193 �11 lt is almost more enjoyable and more magical here during the winter than any other season." 11 We get so much winter! Make the most of it!" 11 Winter is such a presence that it must be celebrated." Residents feel winter is a season to be celebrated "We have great potential for a strong winter economy." 11 1 love the beauty of this area in winter as well as summer." Snow and ice can affect the mobility of pedestrians and automobiles :J()( I f 1\ISH Residents enjoy winter events such as the annual U.P. 200 dog sled race 194 �Chapter Eleven - Winter City Considerations Chapter Eleven WINTER COY CONSIDERATIONS INTRODUCTION Marquette's unique climate and its identification as a "winter city" bring with it a host of benefits . However, it also poses a number of challenges that the local community must overcome in order to best handle the demands of the weather and to fully utilize the winter season as an important community asset (See Table 11 .1). Table 11 . 1: Winter Characteristics Positive Aspects of Winter • Outdoor recreational opportunities, including downhill and cross-country skiing , snowmobiling, ice fishing, snow shoeing, ice skating, and hockey. • Natural beauty, accented by snow and ice . • Increased appreciation for indoor arts, culture, and social activities . • Winter tourism, special events, and festivals . • Usinq ice and snow for civic art. • Opportunities for innovation and improvement in services, buildinq, and product desiqn . • Generally speakinq, the population is more fit with a stronq w ill to overcome challenqes . Negative Aspects of Winter • Increased cost for snow management for both the public and private sectors . • Health costs associated with accidents, both auto-related and pedestrian "slip and fall" incidents. • Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) and psychological depression related to a lack of sunliqht. • Difficult mobility, particularly for seniors and the disabled, either as pedestrians or in automobiles. • Prolonqed cold, snow, and icy conditions . • Limited outdoor activity for many persons . • Increased heatinq costs and energy consumption . • A visually monotonous environment dominated by white and gray . Northern communities or "winter cities" must become more competitive than their southern counterparts to find their place in today's global marketplace. Unfortunately, the winter season is often dreaded in the North American culture due to perceived discomfort, inconven ience, and a potential increase in costs. A 1996 study that analyzed the development potential at the nearby former K. 1. Sawyer Air Force Base cited, "it's a matter of snow, cold, and isolation that is against you from the get-go" . In order to overcome this attitude, commun ities must embrace the winter season . By applying creative planning approaches to solving winter-related issues, Marquette can mitigate some of the discomfort and inconvenience of winter. This positive approach can also benefit the attitudes of residents, and bolster the City's ability to attract new businesses and residents . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 195 �Many residents find winter to be a positive attribute of the Marquette lifestyle Maintenance of pedestrian walkways is difficult during the winter season This snow amphitheater (in Kiruna, Sweden) shows how residents of northern cities take advantage of their winter conditions 196 �Chapter Eleven • Winter City Considerations PUBLIC PERCEPTION As part of the public participation process, community residents were queried as to their thoughts and opinions on Marquette's climate and the role that winter plays in the area's unique way of life . Overwhelmingly (83%), respondents indicated that winter was a positive attribute to living in the community, although persons in the 65-74 age group were less likely to see winter as positive (33%) . In its investigation into why residents felt the way they did about the winter season, the telephone survey indicated a number of common likes and dislikes (See Table 11 .2) Tab le 11.2: Responses Regarding Winter Likes I Dislikes Common Positive Attributes Winter activities Like snow Change of seasons Tourism Industry Like winter % of Responses Common Negative Attributes Dislike cold Difficult to get around Dislike snow Dislike winter Winter is too lonq % of Responses 47% 18% 13% 12% 12% 36% 15% 15% 11 % 11% Telephone respondents were also asked to indicate the types of indoor and outdoor recreation activities they participate in during the winter season . Table 11 .3 indicates the most popular responses . In general, responses focused primarily on outdoor activities, particularly active recreation such as skiing, hiking, and hockey. Of those respondents who indicated a preference for indoor activities during the winter season, the most popular responses included swimming, indoor exercise, and team sports. Table 11.3: Preferred Winter Activities Activity Downhill Skiinq / Snowboardinq Hikinq / Walkinq / Running Cross Country Skiing Snowshoeing Ice Skating Hockey % of Responses 36.8% 26.3% 22 .1% 21 .3% 15.5% 11 .3% Marquette Master Plan • 2003 197 �Figure 11 .1: Consdier Topography in the Site Design Process Figure 11.2: Buildings protect parks from prevailing winds Handrails are necessary to ensure safety on steps or ramps (Source: All sketches - Hough, Stansbury, Woodland Limited 1991) 198 �Chapter Eleven - Winter City Considerations RECOMMENDATIONS The input from local residents served as an important indication of the direction Marquette should head with respect to improving its winter livability. To help reach this goal, a series of recommendations were developed. These strategies include the designation of specific winter design guidelines, as well as the promotion of broader initiatives, such as the development of new winter recreation opportunities, community involvement in promoting Marquette as a premier Winter City, and networking with other northern communities who face similar climatic challenges. WINTER DESIGN GUIDELINES Site Design Building orientation • • Utilize solar radiation in the orientation of buildings and outdoor spaces. Such areas should provide a southern exposure to maximize the penetration of heat and sunlight. Avoid or minimize development on north facing slopes. Buildings sited on the north-facing slope cast long shadows, significantly reducing the ability to utilize solar radiation for heat. In contrast, buildings on a south-facing slope can be sited more densely due to the shortened length of the shadow. (See Figure 11 . 1). Use buildings to protect outdoor spaces, such as vest pocket parks, from prevailing winter winds. Because the park is south facing, it will have access to the maximum amount heat from solar radiation . (See Figure 11 .2). Avoid building orientations which will create a wind tunneling effect. • Avoid creating public spaces for winter use • • Design building surfaces to help reduce wind speed . This can be accomplished by incorporating balconies, stepped facades, or irregularities into the building's exterior. Cover ramps or stairs to protect them from snow and ice. • Provide handrails for all public and private walkways that exist on slopes . • Design roofs to account for snow and ice accumulation . The design should be strong enough to handle the snow load, and also prevent snow and ice from shedding onto parking areas or pedestrian walkways . • Create transition areas at building entrances to provide patrons with an area to shed snow prior to entering the building . • • areas that are shaded from the sun . Although summer shade may be appropriate, it is not desirable in winter. Building design in • Provide shelters or wind blocks in areas that serve as outdoor gathering spaces. Density • Promote a dense, compact development pattern . Road Design • • • Consider snow removal in the design of road improvements. For example, curb extensions should be designed as a series of gentle curves, rather than sharp angles to allow for easy maneuverability of equipment around such areas. Design road cross-sections to provide an area for snow storage adjacent to the road . Creating this additional space between the road and sidewalk prevents snow from being plowed onto the sidewalks when road are cleared . In some areas, bike lanes can serve as additional snow storage areas. Caution should be taken to ensure this 1s only done 1n areas that do not experience a significant number of winter bike commuters . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 199 �ElJ::M~t'Z? Of= 'P}:=D~~ Ol~t-~·H==Vf<:r IN WI ~--rrl::T<. C:lt1~- Pedestrians often experience the most discomfort due to winter conditions Figure 11 .4: Buffers protect pedestrians from adjacent traffic Figure 11.3: Ra ised crosswalks help protect pedestrians (Source: All sketches - Hough, Stansbury, Woodland Limited 1991) 200 �Chapter Eleven - Winter City Considerations Pedestrian Circulation • • Designate critical pedestrian areas that should receive priority when clearing sidewalks and walkways. Consider recruiting the assistance of local residents, such as business owners, neighborhood groups, or other organizations to maintain some of these critical areas. Such a system is currently employed in Marquette's downtown where the local DDA has taken responsibility for clearing the sidewalks in the central business district. Ensure that transition areas such as curb-cuts and bus stop platforms are properly plowed to ensure pedestrian safety. These areas are often a collecting point for large mounds of icy snow due to street plowing. • Particularly hazardous areas, such as steps and ramps, may need to be heated to prevent snow and ice from accumulating . • Some existing pedestrian trails can be groomed for multi-use during the winter season . This could include some of the bike and pedestrian trails along the waterfront and McClellan Avenue . Compaction of the snow is an appropriate way to groom these trails in order to accommodate multiple-uses such as walking, snow shoeing, or cross-county skiing. Sand or gravel can be added to a "walking lane" to increase traction for those on foot. • Design crosswalks to be slightly raised in order to prevent water and ice from accumulating in these areas, potentially posing a hazard to pedestrians (See Figure 11 .3). Such a design was recently employed in the creation of the pedestrian crosswalk at the Downtown Commons parking lot. • Separate sidewalks and other pedestrian pathways from the roadway. This separation protects pedestrians from the spray of slush and water from passing cars, and can provide greater security from cars driving in poor road conditions (See Figure 11 .4). Snow Management and Storage • Ensure adequate storage space for snow. An enlarged terrace area adjacent to roadways can provide such a storage area . • Evaluate the impacts of winter winds and drifting snow on city streets and walking paths. Redesign areas where wind is problematic to use earth forms and vegetation to reduce wind and drifting snow. • Consider installing snowmelt systems for high-traffic walkways and sloped areas. • Investigate the use of new equipment or innovative technology for snow removal. This is particularly important when existing snow removal practices potentially interfere with traffic calming and walkability mechanisms . • Site snow storage areas where they will receive sufficient solar radiation to encourage melt-off. Adequate drainage must also be provided . • Store snow in a number of smaller sites, rather than one large area in order to speed up the melting process. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 201 �igure 11 .5: Berms and vegetation direct snow away from building entrances etmz0¥, f?.CO~. ~.~ 'Wlni'e¥ wirdh· {):x}1fer~ bvtfeY rl60t1rq Figure 11 .6: Vegetation protects outdoor areas from cold winter winds (Source: All sketches - Hough, Stansbury, Woodland Limited 1991) 202 �Chapter Eleven - Winter City Considerations Vegetation • • • • • • • Plant deciduous trees on the southern face of a building or outdoor area . Such vegetation will provide cooling in the summer (when leaves are present), while still allowing sunlight to filter in during the winter (when leaves have fallen) . Coniferous vegetation should be used on the north and west sides to protect the area from prevailing winter winds . Use berms and vegetation to direct snow drifts away from building entrances (See Figure 11.5). Select appropriate landscaping for snow storage areas. Grassed or landscaped areas that are used for snow storage are subject to damage and poor growth due to compaction, pollutants, and poor drainage. Consider using living snow fences to protect open roadways and other areas from prevailing winter winds. These vegetative wind blocks are easier to maintain and have a longer life than snow fences and other man-made wind blocks . Create "outdoor rooms" using trees and vegetation to shelter exposed areas from prevailing winds . The use of dense coniferous vegetation on the park's north-west side help block wind, while the space 's southern exposure will maximize heat from solar-radiation (See Figure 11 .6). Areas of dense, evergreen vegetation can serve as a "wind sponge", protecting pedestrians from the wind's chilling effects . Species should be selected that offer attractive or useful winter characteristics such as twig color, fruit, or salt-tolerance. Examples of popular species and their winter characteristics are provided below in Table 11.4. Table 11.4: Vegetation with Interesting Winter Characteristics Plant Species Pinus nigra Fraxinus americana Quercus rubra Euonymus alata Picea pungens Picea abies Prunus virginiana Syringa vulgaris Amelanchier canadensis Betula papyrifera Ostrya virginiana Camus Celastrus scandens Viburnum trilobum Common Name Austrian pine White ash Red oak Burning bush Colorado spruce Norway spruce Chokecherry Common lilac Serviceberry While Birch Ironwood Dogwood Bittersweet High bush cranberry Hardiness Zone Zone 4 Zone 3 Zone 3 Zone 3 Zone 2 Zone 2 Zone 2 Zone 2 Zone 4 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 2 Zone 2 Zone 2 Winter Characteristics Salt-Tolerant, evergreen Salt-Tolerant Salt-Tolerant Salt-Tolerant, fall color Salt-Tolerant, evergreen Salt-Tolerant, evergreen Salt-Tolerant Salt-Tolerant Interesting bark Interesting bark Interesting bark Twig color Winter Fruit Winter Fruit (Source: Hough, Stansbury, Wo odland Limited 1991) Marquette Master Plan - 2003 203 �Winter can be an opportunity for outdoor festivals and art displays Marquette's "City of Lights" program helps offset the gray winter landscape Residents embrace winter in downtown Lu/ea, Sweden 204 �Materials / Aesthetics • Design municipal facilities to function and look good in all seasons. • Consider color and lighting treatments when designing buildings and landscapes in order to offset the darkness and monotony of the winter season . Balance the need for efficient snow removal with other considerations such as walkability, aesthetics, and parking . • • Use technology and materials appropriate for a "winter city" . Outdoor furniture should be constructed using appropriate materials such as wood, polyethylene, or vinyl-coated metal. Exposed metal is not appropriate . • Items such as public art or seasonal light displays provide winter interest and offset the muted tones prevalent in a winter landscape. In the past, Marquette has created programs such as its "City of Lights" project to help provide this type of temporary winter interest. While participation has fallen off in the last several years, the City should encourage residents to continue participating in the "City of Lights" program, or others like it, to help create this welcoming winter aesthetic. COMMUNITY INITIATIVES Recreation Opportunities • • • Create ski trails within the city by connecting existing trails and walkways, and by maintaining the snow for a multi-purpose skiing and walking path . Potential trails include a connection between the Fit Strip ski trail and the proposed linear park via Harlow Park and the Cemetery, and the Lakeshore and Ridge to Hawley bike paths. Consider ways to use existing city parks for additional winter activities, such as a tubing slide at Harlow Park, snow slides, sledding hills, etc. Implement the Marquette Commons skating rink project. Community Involvement • • Generate local pride in the community by rejecting negative thinking about winter, and instead focus on its potential and the opportunities winter offers. Recognize innovative efforts in the community to with regards to site design, technology, and materials . Networking • Continue to communicate with other winter cities to learn about innovations that are successful in their cities. Of particular importance are the issues of snow management and ways to reduce the use of de-icing agents and salt, in an attempt to lessen their impact on the environment. • Continue Marquette's involvement in "winter city" organizations such as the Livable Winter Cities Association and the International Association of Mayors of Northern Cities (IAMNC), which hosts a bi-annual Winter Cities Forum . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 205 �The former Soo Line ore dock Aerial view of the Lower Harbor The marina at Mattson Park 206 ~ �Chapter Twelve - Waterfront Opportunities Chapter Twelve WATERFRONT OPPORTUNITIES INTRODUCTION As discussed in the previous chapter, Marquette's distinction as a "winter city" provides interesting opportunities to use their climate as a strategic advantage. Similarly, the City's location along the shores of Lake Superior offers numerous waterfront opportunities that are also unique to this area. In order to fully realize the potential of this scenic locale, the City of Marquette is undertaking a thorough analysis of the lakefront and is working to develop plans that will create an inviting and vibrant waterfront district. Currently, these efforts focus on two specific issues; the redevelopment of the Lower Harbor area, and an analysis of the water-uses in both the North and South harbors . LOWER HARBOR REDEVELOPMENT PLAN Since its designation as a priority action item in the 1996 Community Master Plan, the City of Marquette has been working hard to acquire the necessary land and to secure the needed funding required to redevelop the Lower Harbor waterfront. In June of 2002, these plans came to fruition as ownership of these properties was transferred to the City. The City Planning Commission, along with a consulting firm, Beckett and Raeder, Inc., has been working to draft a design for the development of the Lower Harbor waterfront district. A summary of this design is presented below. The Process The design for the Lower Harbor redevelopment plan has relied on input from numerous sources throughout the Marquette community. Beginning with a set of recommendations drafted by the Lakeshore Development Task Force, the planning effort has incorporated input from the Downtown Development Authority, the Marquette Planning Commission, and community residents through their participation in visioning sessions and community forums . The result has been the definition of a series of broad goals for the waterfront district that include: • Preservation of open space and public access to the Lake Superior shoreline. • • Creation of a bike/ foot path extending the entire length of the former rail corridor. Daylighting the Whetstone and Orianna Brooks. • • Encouragement of new development, including commercial, residential, and retail uses. Utilization of existing structures such as pilings, the ore dock, and other unused properties. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 207 �E_ (_ (_ l ( ( ( ~ ( t l t t t t t •I \I-. HfJI . FT ~ 0 l ' T II • R ,\ I I. • \ \ R I\ <. Overrul Plan The proposed design includes new residential opportunities, a public trail system along the lakeshore, and the daylighting of the Whetstone Brook ~ N ~· (ITV ilf '-lr+. RQUI TT) --~, SOIJTH• R A I L • YA R DS ~ ~-~.:.-p-- - ·• . " ?. .::.-:. J ~ . . ~,.»?;!'...-~-- Townhouse & Pavilion Sections The new design allows for residential development without sacrificing public access to Lake Superior and its beaches Ned,nl~~ �Chapter Twelve - Waterfront Opportunities The Preferred Future To better understand how these broad goals would translate into the future design of the Lower Harbor area, community residents were invited to participate in a community visioning session and two community forums. Input from these sessions helped articulate the community's vision of the new Lower Harbor, and laid the foundation for the Lower Harbor Framework plan. Some of the preferred scenarios described by community residents included: • Extension of the Downtown to the waterfront with public access along the entire length . • Incorporation of open space, parklands, and public pathways along the shoreline. • • Development of new commercial, retail, residential, and mixed-use opportunities. Reuse or removal of vacant or underutilized buildings . • Significant use of the Lower Harbor for fishing, sightseeing, and commercial or recreational boating . • Recognition of the waterfront as a major destination for both community residents and tourists. • Protection of the water quality and fisheries in Lake Superior. • Improvement of the area's ecology by daylighting the Orianna and Whetstone Brooks . The Framework Plan Using input from the community visioning sessions and the goals defined at the project's outset, a Framework Plan was created to identify the long-range master plan for the Lower Harbor. It embodies a number of various land uses which are organized in such a manner as to provide an integrated, mixed-use development which strengthens the Downtown, protects and enhances sensitive natural features, and provides economic development opportunities for the community. Components of the Framework Plan include: • An all-season waterfront park at Mattson Park . • A working waterfront for local fisheries, marine related businesses, and possible location for the U.S. Coast Guard facility. • Introduction of public and cultural entertainment into the waterfront as a means of pulling the Downtown into the Lower Harbor area . • Introduction of an intensive mixed-use development on the former bulk oil facility between Baraga and Rock Streets. • • Realignment of the U.S.41 and Front Street intersection . Daylighting of the Whetstone Brook tributary. • Introduction of residential uses on the former railroad yard between Rock and Genesse Streets. • Inclusion of an extension of Lakeshore Drive to provide internal access between proposed residential uses and the downtown . • Provision for water related businesses at the southern end of the rail yard with access to Genesse Street. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 209 �Cl1'Ul\1-\RtJL >--- -- Ttr SOUT ll•R \II•\ .\ROS Town house Lot lllustratJve New residential developments will include townhomes as well as single-family homes New commercial opportunities, such as a hotel I conference center and a museum, will create tourist destinations ---~1••ttr __ Cln Of "'"RQlJF.rTE lll\ I ',OI •I I lll•R\11 • \ Whel:.tone 8rMk ·>tc1r, SOUTH•RAIL•YARDS I \RO~ Bridge ,,,Sections Daylighting the Whetstone Brook will help restore some of the area's natural ecology 210 �Chapter Twelve - Waterfront Opportunities The Proposed Design Based on the Framework Plan, specific details were designed to illustrate the mixture of land uses integrated into the existing natural features of the lake Superior shoreline and the Whetstone Brook tributary. Specific design details were incorporated into the plan to ensure that the new development respects and enhances the existing aesthetic characteristics of the Downtown district and Marquette's historic past. Such details include: • The use of historically appropriate architecture in the design of the residential and commercial developments . • Use of natural materials, such as wood and stone, to reflect the rustic qualities of Marquette 's natural environment. • Use of native vegetation, where appropriate, to blend with the existing natural features of the lake Superior shoreline. • Reutilization of existing structures, such as the ore dock and vacant piers, as a way of preserving Marquette's unique history. • Careful siting and design of new residential development to allow for continued publ ic access and protection of important viewsheds along the lakefront. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 211 �r ? h ? ::, r ;;; Ill "'Ill Ill ~ N (1) 0.. 0.. C 5· IQ ~ iti ..., C "' (1) ..."' C ~ ~ 212 �• Chapter Twelve - Waterfront Opportunities ANALYSIS OF WATER USES In addition to the improvements being made to the Lower Harbor area, the City of Marquette is reexamining its current water uses to ensure they are being used to their fullest potential. To assist in this analysis, the City of Marquette partnered with the consulting firm of SmithGroup JJR to create a harbor plan to help direct the appropriate water uses for both the upper and lower harbor areas. A summary of this analysis and the resulting design proposal is presented below. The Process Similar to the process used to determine the appropriate direction for the Lower Harbor development, a series of Task Force meetings, interviews with waterfront stakeholders, and public participation events were conducted over a six-month period to help foster an understanding of the variety of perspectives that influence the harborfront. The following Goals and Design Principles were identified as a result of this planning process : • Maintain and promote public access • Accommodate multiple water user groups • • - Large, Small, Recreational, Commercial Dovetail with current master plan Promote sustainability • Provide long-term flexibility • Execute elements over time • Maintain navigational integrity Ensure economic viability • • Provide private investment incentives Promote year-round use • Swimmers at Picnic Rocks Provide serviceable use areas with adequate infrastructure Marquette Master Plan - 2003 213 �Figure 12. 1: Existing Uses in the Lower Harbor Area Figure 12.2: Existing Uses in the Upper Harbor Area 214 �Existing Harbor Uses A critical first step in the creation of the harbor plan was a detailed inventory of existing harbor uses . The restults of this inventory are presented below for both the Upper and Lower Harbor areas. Upper Harbor (See Figure 12. 1) A: Presque Isle Marina The public marina has a State and Federal designation as a harbor of refuge. The 30-year old, 95-slip marina is in need of an upgrade. Declining dockage facilities, outdated services, siltation and water depth issues limit its use and desirability. B: Marina Services Building The existing building houses the harbor master and support services. The facility appears to need updating from both a functional and aesthetic perspective . C: Boat Launch Community launch used primarily by fishing enthusiasts who want easy fishing access to the north . D: Merchandise Dock Owned by Cleveland Cliffs with the likelihood of being deeded to the City. E: Remnant Piles Large collection of piles that formerly supported docks. F: Ore Dock Owned by Cleveland Cliffs and currently active. Will remain in use for the foreseeable future . Lower Harbor (See Figure 12 .2) A: Public Access to Outer Breakwater United States Army Corps of Engineers owned and maintained breakwater protects the lower harbor. Provides desirable public access primarily for fishing . B: Coast Guard Station Office/Dock Coast Guard office and dock are located where the outer breakwater meets the land. Coast Guard residences currently located west of the lighthouse are proposed to be relocated to a new building adjacent to the office and dock . C: Seasonal Theater Local entertainment venue for theater productions. D: Cinder Pond Marina 104-slip public marina with fuel dock, boat launch/travel lift and marina services building . The marina, completed in 1994, is in excellent condition. E: Mattson Park Built on former coal dock pilings . Primarily a large open green space for warm weather events and skating in winter. Also contains a clock tower, play structure, and concession/restroom building . The surface walk along the bulkhead is in need of improvement. F: Yacht Club Private club consists of approximately 40 full members. Wednesday night Enson races around a 4.5 mile course. G: Association Dock and Fish Dock Privately owned docks are located on State of Michigan bottom lands . Lower harbor dock lessees and the City formed the Marquette Bay Association to purchase former railroad property from Wisconsin Central Ltd. Each lessee then retained ownership of their respective part. H: Ore Dock City owned ore dock, located on State of Michigan bottom lands. As Marquette's defining feature, there is broad support to retain the ore dock as a historically significant structure. I: Ripley's Rock Natural feature important to the community. J: Abandoned Spear's Merchandise Docks Remnant piles formerly supported working docks. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 215 �~ l l ( ( l, t t l ~ i l ~ SUp lm~nlory Presque ls.I¢- E.'-istin& f~ngth mun bu 24' 36 32' 36 42' 14 60' 9 Total Tut•I If \)5 J 144 lf Presque Isle- P r ~ m1mber lt.ngth ,......, // /./ 36 16 Toi.I 112 Total If 4520 If 16 nm (.\ \ Figure 12.3: Proposed Upper Harbor Plan 44 40' 50' 60' .......,"¾ ' \ ·,, \ © ,ii! MAROUETTE HARBOR MASTER PLAN UPPER HARBOR Plll!FERRE!) Scptemoor 2003 "' H N 30' PLAN SmithGmup JJR �Upper Harbor Preferred Plan Proposed improvements to the Upper Harbor area are described below (See Figure 12.3). The primary funding source for each of the elements is indicated in parentheses. A: Presque Isle Marina Improvements (Public) • Realign breakwater to improve access and efficiency, and reduce siltation H: Parking (Public) • Locate parking to accommodate beach, boat launch and additional marina slips • Develop standards for parking lots that reflect a park-like setting • Update dockage, including current utility/ service standards • Incorporate existing fuel tanks into new fuel dock system I: Peter White Drive (Public) • Upgrade harbor services building • • Update boat mix to include larger boat mix Realign north of Lakeshore Boulevard to better organize parking and create a park-like entrance experience for both Presque Isle Park and Marina 8: Merchandise Dock (Public) • Provide public promenade • J: Marina Services Facility (Public) Adapt and reuse existing structure at end of dock for vendor or concessionaire • Facility proposed on land currently owned by LS&I. Establish a land agreement to develop a marina services facility Incorporate land based museum/interpretive facility • Develop marina facility for service and storage of boats Reuse remnant piles for an observation deck that extends 100 feet from shore • Preserve piles 100' beyond proposed observation deck as historic relics • Salvage remaining piles • The facility can serve both Presque Isle and Cinder Pond Marinas C: Remnant Pilings (Public) • • K: Redevelopment Area (Private/Public Partnership) • Consider re-use of existing structures on City-owned property for an eco-lodge development, retail, and food/beverage uses D: Cleveland Cliffs Ore Dock (Private) • Maintain active use E: Kayak/Sailing Beach (Public) • Improve beach for kayak and small sailboat put-in/take-out • Provide kayak/small boat storage building combined with new restroom F: Boat Launch/Travel Lift • Relocate launch next to Merchandise Dock • Incorporate travel lift and pull out as part of launch area G: Fish Cleaning (Public) • Provide fish cleaning pavilion adjacent to boat launch L: Trail Connections • Maintain recreational trail connections Vending Opportunities (Private) • Encourage private vending at key activity Design Character Guidelines • Develop guidelines that build upon the high quality wilderness "parkitecture" style established with the park entry, new park pavilion, and gazebo • The intention of the guidelines is to reinforce the vision and establish parameters for redevelopment Marquette Master Plan - 2003 217 �(l - (l (l ('l (\ E\ (\ (\ (' u Ct Ct (f (f (I c, C, z, c, C, Cl Cinder Pond - E.'Osiing m1mber length 24' 30' 38' 38 49 14 Tollll 101 Community Sailing Prngnim - ~ !toeing 24' 20 Fish Dock ~ Exi~ling 11 so linc«r reec Fish Ood.; - Propo,,_'d 40' 24 400 Jini!at !CC:t AMOcinlioo Dock· ExiMing -IO' 14 &So.H_ linOArfooc All$0Cinlim Dock- Pniposcd 40' 14(inexi!Jling \ocatic,1) 1200 !in~ t~t(24sli~@.SO' e.11) OreDock- l>ro,,_, 1600 lilll)U f1.-e1(32 8.lips@.SO' ea) Hotel1Con\'1,.--nl1on Center• P r ~ JO' 36 40' 28 (/J' 24 'lint perpendicular sli~ Pnralh:I dockagc: Ore l)ock: Mi,:rtl u.~ rodtvelopment + malntllionn:hilccturollmegiity © ..;,nigh11ightingu:lpP«)Pl'i11.1t ❖ p-ovide conlinuous public access HA •longp.'linK"ttt Public promt.nadcA>rea.kw:1.lcr ❖ llghling ❖ seating ❖ ln1erpn>1ivefeatures ❖ e.U,tingpilerwsr Figure 12.4: Proposed Lower Harbor Plan I> K8 800' ii Mi\RODETI'E HARBOR MArrER PLAN LOWER H!RBOR PREFERRED Scpu:mber2003 fLAN SmithGruup JJR """'.... �Lower Harbor Preferred Plan Proposed improvements for the Lower Harbor area are described below (See Figure 12.4). The primary funding source for each of the elements is indicated in parenthesis. A : Cinder Pond Marina (Public) • Maintain current configuration/use • E: Hotel/Conference Center Marina (Private) • Maintain alignment and reuse piles where possible Adjust transient to seasonal mix as additional slips are built within the harbor • B: Fish Dock (Private) • • • • Encourage and establish private partnership opportunities Provide public promenade Expand retail uses • Encourage consistent architecture • Encourage vending opportunities • • • Provide protective breakwater at end of dock Expand dockage along existing piles Reuse piles where possible • Salvage remaining piles Configure breakwater to protect basin from wave action within the outer breakwater Provide public promenades with lighting, benches, interpretive features, and terminus features • Provide visual access of Ripley's Rocks, but limit physical access by separating the breakwater from the island • Accommodate larger vessels along southern breakwater F: Harbor Promenade (Public) C: Association Dock (Private) • Provide a continuous promenade along the water's edge that links to trails to the north and south Establish private partnership opportunities Provide public promenade • Maintain public access to the outer breakwater • • Provide protective breakwater at end of dock • Expand dockage along existing piles • Reuse piles where possible • Salvage remaining piles Enhance the bulkhead/promenade from Mattson Park to the proposed Hotel and' Conference Center • Create a common palette of amenities such as lighting, seating, interpretive features and other appropriate amenities • • D: Ore Dock (Public/Private Partnership) • Encourage adaptive reuse for mixed use development • Provide public access and promenade along perimeter • Provide public destination at terminus • Provide protective breakwater at end of dock • Maintain architectural integrity of ore dock • Limit activity on top of dock to historic interpretation • Provide sensitively designed night lighting • Accommodate parallel boat docking G: Linkages to Downtown (Public) • Provide visual and physical linkages between downtown and the waterfront emphasizing promenades that project into the harbor H: Trail Connections • • Provide trail connections north of Cinder Pond Marina and to the beach and trail south of the proposed Hotel/Convention Center Provide aesthetic fencing adjacent to the Coast Guard I: Theater/Marina Services (Private) • • Maintain current location of seasonal theater Expand seasonal marina services Marquette Master Plan - 2003 219 �~ ,r-'\ I Potential activities envisioned for the Upper and Lower Harbors 220 �Lower Harbor Preferred Plan (continued) J: Fish Cleaning Facility (Public) • Provide fish cleaning facility adjacent to Cinder Pond boat launch K: Cruiseship Docking (Public) • Improve bulkhead at Mattson Park to accommodate cruise ships L: Community Sailing Program (Private) • Reconfigure dockage for community sailing program M : Amphitheater (Public) • Locate amphitheater at the northwest corner of the harbor • Provide access to floating platform and community sailing dockage N: Water Taxi (Private) • Provide docking and wayfinding signage for water taxi • Provide seasonal service between lower and upper harbor O: Canoe/Kayak Beach and Storage Facility {Public) • Provide put-in/take-out beach at the South Railyard development • Incorporate kayak/canoe/small boat storage into public pavilion proposed for the South Railyard development Vending Opportunities (Private) • Encourage private vending at key activity areas Marquette Master Plan - 2003 221 �~ ,-... ,--...,_ Pllrtrulge Bay ~ ,--...,_ D ,-----... ----- MARQUETTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN Existing Zoning ,.~ Olt•Soutcf(ttyd~~l002 550 -- --.._ o■ilM•C:::::Jlll•llllllioi:.3C::C::::Jol6 Mies Presque i -=- i 1 ~ ...____ ____ j Isle ,-- : [/arbor ~ t""' I > ,,--... ,---. ~ r,; ,-----... ,,........._ ·1 ,,,,..--.... 01 ,,.--. ,,,..--..._ V, R , I i::: '"O Marquette t'r'1 Bay :;;:, .... D ,,--... ~ 8, 0 RS: Single Family Residential LI RG: General Residential D RM : Multiple Family Residential ~ ~ DOS: Office PUD : Planned Unit Development D BC: Community Business BG: General Business CBD : Central Business District I: Industrial 82:'.] DD : Deferred Development MGHOD: Marquette General Hospital Overlay District CR: Conservation & Recreation D No Parcel Data Available ~ 0 ,,.--.. tr' ,,--... F"°'\ ,--.._ ~.... Map 13. 1: Existing Zoning ,,--... "' 222 ,,,,..--.... ,.----. �Chapter Thirteen - Master Land Use Plan Chapter Thirteen MASTER LAND USE PLAN INTRODUCTION The decisions a community makes regarding its land use policies may have more effect than any other component of the master planning process. The chosen pattern of land use has implications for traffic patterns, natural resource protection, economic development, and neighborhood quality. This chapter will review the existing zoning and land activity patterns within the City of Marquette, and outline the master plan's approach toward the City's future land use. It will also discuss potential solutions intended to address some of the most urgent land use concerns currently being raised by community residents . EXISTING ZONING AND LAND ACTIVITY It is important to understand the current state of affairs before making any assumptions about where Marquette should be headed from a land use planning perspective. Two maps, Map 13 .1 and Map 13 .2 show the existing zoning and the existing land activity for the City of Marquette. While the zoning classifications simply represent the type of land use that Is designated for each area of the City, It does not necessarily reflect what has actually been developed in a specific area . To determine what land use Is actually being supported, the existing land activity map Is a more useful tool. Existing Zoning Table 13.1 identifies the amount of land that is currently planned for specified land uses under the City's current zoning ordinances. Map 13 .1 shows how these land uses are spatially distributed . Under current zoning, large patches of conservation and recreation lands are located on the periphery of the City and along the lakeshore. Commercial districts are focused in the City's central core including the Downtown area and the parcels fronting Business 41 and U.S.41-M28. Other smaller districts of office or community businesses are located throughout the City, particularly along the 3rd Street corridor between Washington St. and Fair Ave . Industrial land uses are primarily focused in the northern region of the City, although some parcels within the central city core are still zoned industrial. Given the large amount of land dedicated to institutional land uses such as NMU and MGH, it is interesting that the City lacks specific zoning for institutional land uses. The University and much of the Hospital's property is currently zoned "General Residential" . Residential land uses make up the large majority of land within the City, accounting for 41.4% of its total area. Table 13. 1: Breakdown by Existing Zoning Existing Zoning RS : Sinqle-Family Residential RM : Multiple-Family Residential RG: General Residential OS: Office BC: Community Business BG : General Business CBD : Commercial Business District I: Industrial DD: Deferred Development PUD: Planned Unit Development MGHOD : Marquette General Hospital Overlay District CR: Conservation & Recreation ROW: Public Riqht-of-Way Total Acres 878 537 1618 301 50 259 48 407 403 119 20 1,811 875 7,326 % of Total Area 12 .0% 7.3% 22.1% 4.1% 0.7% 3.5% 0.7% 5.6% 5.5% 1.6% 0.3% 24.7% 11 .9% 100.0% Marquette Master Pinn - 2003 223 �l'artndgt Bay D MARQU ITTE COMMUN ITY MASTER FLAN Existing Land Activity bed on .\rncnca11 PI.Jn11i11g ,-\$$0 c.uillon L111d-~1'::td OazifKalioo SI.Jnd.uds OlrUicUw.e.tl.U&,~.IM~ llXIS . , 0 ~-=joilll-lllllii o.:: :J==:ia.16 111 Mile:I. l'rtsqut Tslt H«rbor r > 7"- r. ?,"'\ •.r. ~ C: ';:I Marquttt, :-i Bay "' ~ t:", 0 ;::::, Humon Act>~ty Types· ~ D Res1dent1al Sh1pp1ng/Bus1ness/frade Ind ustnal/Manuf actunn g/Waste Sooali1nst1tut1onali1nfrastructure D Travel/t1,1overnent Mass Assembly of People Leisure c:::JNone - fr\ Map 13.2: Existing Land Activity 224 �Chapter Thirteen - Master Land Use Plan Existing Land Activity While zoning does help to direct the pattern of land use within a city, analyzing the current land activity often gives a more realistic picture of how the land is actually being used (See Map 13.2). For the City of Marquette, the largest discrepancies are related to industrial and institutional land uses. While the zoning allows for 407 acres of industrial land use, only 182 acres are currently functioning in an industrial capacity (See Table 13.2). Many of the parcels that are currently zoned industrial are instead being used for institutional purposes. The current land activity allocations show 929 acres of institutional land use, which accounts for 12 .6% of the total land area . In regards to the existing commercial land activity, most residents perceive the Downtown as the Table 13.2: Breakdown by Existing Land Activity Existing Land Activity Residential Commercial Industrial Institutional Travel/ Movement Mass Assembly of People Leisure No Activity Total Acres 1,669 272 182 929 1,087 31 868 2,347 % of Total Area 22.6% 3.7% 2.5% 12 .6% 14.7% 0.4% 11 .8% 31 .8% 7,385 100.0 % City's commercial core. In real ity, however, the proliferation of off-street parking lots in the Downtown area has created a lack of concentrated retail stores, therefore discouraging customers . Instead, new commercial activity is being focused to the west at the intersections of Washington St. and McClellan Ave ., and at Washington St. and U.S.41. A lack of specificity in the existing guidelines for residential zoning has also led to some unexpected, and somewhat unwelcome, discrepancies between the zoning and the actual land activity. Many dwellings within areas zoned RS-Single Residential and RG-General Residential have been converted to student rental housing with multiple occupants. Because the current zoning ordinance does not address this issue directly in its definition of permitted uses, the proliferation of these types of dwellings continues to increase. By using a more specific residential zoning designation (such as the R1, R2, R3 system), the City could more directly control the conversion of existing single-family homes into multiple-occupant rental units . · While the existing land activity shows the majority of the City as fully built-out, there are some opportunities for further development, particularly in the far northern and southern edges of the City. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 225 �Partndge Bay MARQUETTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN 2003 Master Plan 550 03 0.3 0.6 MP.I ---==--it:::::==::Ji Pre<que t,/e X f-/nrbor I','- t"" ';> ';:\ m I'\' ., en c:; -0 --8 Marq11111r trJ fl,ry ';,:i .... 0 D Watershed Residential ~ Single Family Residential D Multiple Family Residential Mixed Use (Res . & Com .) D Neighborhood Commercial D Village Commercial ~ Corridor Commercial Regional Commercial Central Business District I§§§ Business Park Campus Industrial D Recreation/Open Space 17 Transportation/Utility Right -of-Way , ' \ 'Relocated Road Right-of-Way D Map 13.3: Master Land Use Plan 226 I\'- �Chapter Thirteen - Master Land Use Plan MASTER LAND USE PLAN While the Master Land Use Plan shows only the proposed pattern of land use, it actually reflects many of the strategies and recommendations that have been presented throughout this document with regards to issues such as economic development, traffic controls, neighborhood quality, and natural resource conservation . As discussed in Chapter One, the Master Plan was based on the research and public feedback that has been collected throughout the master planning process. This feedback has resulted in the following community goals that were used to shape the plan : • Create and Preserve Viable and Livable Neighborhoods • Develop a Historic and Diverse Downtown • Create an Efficient, Functional, and Connected Transportation System • Make Marquette a Walkable Community • Foster Economic Diversity and a Family Sustainable Workplace • Protect our Natural Resources Map 13 .3 demonstrates the spatial pattern of the proposed land use throughout the City of Marquette . Table 13 .3 presents the breakdown of each land use type as it relates to Marquette's total land area. For each land use identified on Map 13 .3, a detailed discussion of its definition and importance is given in the following pages. Table 13.3: Breakdown by Proposed Land Use Proposed Land Use Business Park Campus Central Business District Corridor Commercial Neighborhood Commercial Regional Commercial Village Commercial Industrial Mixed Use Recreation / Open Space Single-Family Residential Multiple-Family Residential Watershed Residential Riqht-of-way Water Total Acres 159 388 72 67 30 88 20 288 149 1,782 2,122 237 1,054 876 54 7,385 % of Total Area 2.2% 5.3% 1.0% 0.9% 0.4% 1.2% 0.3% 3.9% 2.0% 24.1% 28.7% 3.2% 14.3% 11 .9% 0.7% 100.0% Marqu ette Master Pinn - 2003 227 �New single-family homes are being developed in the southern portion of the City High-density residential can offer alternatives to single-family homes Mixed use provides first-floor retail with residential units above 228 �Chapter Thirteen - Master Land Use Plan RESIDENTIAL As is typical for most communities, residential land uses account for the largest land use category in the new Master Plan. To better differentiate the types of housing that fall within the broad residential land use category, four categories of residential land use will be presented : Single-family Residential, High-density Residential, Mixed-Use Residential, and Watershed Residential. Single-Family Residential Single-Family Residential represents the largest category of land use in the Master Plan. Because of the density of development within the City, there is little room for significant growth in the amount of single-family housing available in the city's central core. For that reason, many of the new areas of single-family residential proposed in the Master Plan are located in the northern and southern edges of the City. It is important to note that the designation of an area as a single-family land use refers primarily to the number of dwelling units located on one lot (in this case, 1 unit per lot) . It does not, however, necessarily outline the number of families or occupants allowed in each dwelling. This issue, which relates primarily to the conversion of single-family homes for rental units, is better addressed by the City through an update to their residential zoning ordinances. These new ordinances should more specifically address the permitted occupancy, potentially through the use of more detailed R1, R2, and R3 differentiations. Such designations are generally used to specify the density permitted on a residential lot. A zoning designation of R1 is intended for areas that are primarily low-density, with a single-family detached dwelling on one lot. An R2 designation usually permits two single-family attached dwellings on a single lot. This type of zoning is sometimes structured to allow for the operation of student cooperatives within a certain distance of a school or university. The higher-density zoning designations (such as R3), refer to areas where multiple-family dwellings, such as townhomes or apartments might be allowed . The need for additional zoning designations was also confirmed in a study conducted by NMU students, who analyzed residential lots looking for non-compliance to the existing zoning definitions. This study found that the current residential designation of "General Residential" did not take into account the diversity of housing found in Marquette, such as the historical districts, and older homes on smaller lots. Many of these homes were found to be non-compliant based on the City's single "General Residential" definition. The differentiation of several residential zoning designations would provide the City with the flexibility it needs to address this variety of housing options. Multiple-Family Residential The designation of high-density residential is applied to areas where there are 12 or more dwelling units per acre. Apartments, condominiums, and townhome developments would all be included in this designation . While there are several existing high-density residential complexes within the City of Marquette, some new multifamily development opportunities have been identified as part of the master planning process. The most prominent of which is the proposed residential development located on the former "Roundhouse" property and the new developments proposed as part of the Lower Harbor Redevelopment Plan. The "Roundhouse" property, located to the west of the City's Downtown includes both two and threestory townhomes as well as a series of courtyard apartments. This new urban residential development would be in close proximity to the Downtown and its amenities. Plans for the Lower Harbor Redevelopment call for a series of residential townhomes to be located along the shore, north of the Whetstone Brook outlet. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 229 �,-..._ ------.. -..,. ~ /v I I r----I I I I I I Conventional Subdivision Design I .;it, - I 7 Conservation Subdivision Design Figure 13.2: Example of a Conservation Subdivision (Source: Adapted from Arendt et a/. 1994) 230 ,,,. I < --· I ' 1r I �Chapter Thirteen - Master Land Use Plan Mixed-Use Residential While traditional zoning seeks to separate different, potentially conflicting land uses, the use of "Mixed-Use" areas can be an extremely effective way to promote economic revitalization, increase walkability, and provide a variety of housing options for community residents . The new Master Plan identifies several mixed-use areas that are intended to encourage a mix of retail, commercial, and residential land uses. Such areas feature relatively dense housing development and are particularly wellsuited for certain demographics, such as the student population and the elderly. Mixed-use areas provide a variety of resources and amenities in close proximity of their housing . This reduces the number of automobile trips necessary and increases the walkability of the neighborhood . Watershed Residential In order to help balance the need for new development with the need for resource protection, the Master Plan promotes the use of a new residential designation called "Watershed Residential". This designation is a refinement of the 1996 Master Plan that classified property as "Residential - Resource Sensitive". This type of residential land use is particularly relevant in the southern portion of the City where new development pressures threaten to degrade the existing natural resources . This land use designation would require development in this zone to meet certain design standards established to limit development on environmentally sensitive areas such as steep slopes and along stream corridors (See Figure 13.3 for an example of steep slope protection). In return, it would allow developers to cluster developments in order to achieve higher building densities in the designated buildable areas (See Figure 13.2). The regulation of development in these environmentally sensitive areas is in keeping with the recommendations presented in the Whetstone Brook and Orianna Creek Watershed Management Plan. 100 ' 110' 120' Areas of steep slope require greater setbacks to protect against erosion Figure 13.3: Protection of Steep Slopes Marquette Master Plan - 2003 231 �"Neighborhood Commercial" includes corner markets and other small retailers / Third Street is an example of a "Village Commercial" location An example of "Corridor Commercial" along Washington Street 232 -~ �,,,........_ "" Chapter Thirteen - Master Land Use Plan COMMERCIAL The pattern of commercial development within the City of Marquette is a critical issue for the community. The urgency for a new strategy regarding commercial development is fueled by the residents' desire to halt the sprawling development along the U.S.41-M28 corridor, to revitalize the historic downtown, and to provide a variety of economically diverse employment opportunities. In order to meet these challenges, a variety of different commercial districts have been planned . Mixed-Use As discussed above, mixed-use developments can be used to target specific demographics such as the senior population or young families making their first start. These areas often include a mix of housing, retail amenities, and open space w ith a focus on the neighborhood's walkability. The right mix of these critical components provides for a vibrant housing community. As one resident commented , " Th is is what makes a community feel alive - mixed use" . Neighborhood Commercial The majority (65 .5%) of residents surveyed "agreed" or "somewhat agreed" that the City should make allowances for limited retail uses within residential neighborhoods . Such retail uses would provide pedestrian access to services and amenities such as corner markets, cafes, or other "mom-and-pop" stores, thus reducing the number of car trips required by residents to satisfy their need for basic services . Neighborhood commercial uses should be limited to not more than 1 to 1.5 acres in size . To help ensure these commercial establ ishments do not detract from the nearby residential homes, design controls should be recommended . Such controls could include guidelines for hours of operation, outdoor vending and storage, and acceptable lighting . ,,---._, Village Commerical Areas designated as "Village Commercial" shopping districts are intended to provide retail stores and amenities, in a more pedestrian-oriented area . The shopping district along Third Street is a prime example of this type of commercial land use. In this tight-knit collection of eclectic businesses, the stores front directly onto the streets with little setback and encourage a more pedestrian-oriented shopping experience . This greater pedestrian focus is also due to the lack of parking in this area that encourages people to visit multiple stores without driving to their destinations . Corridor Commercial The Corridor Commercial designation refers to an area of commercial businesses that is spatially developed in a linear pattern . This linear pattern, often located along a major transportation corridor, is most often associated with the stereotypical " strip " development that residents associate with urban sprawl. Such areas are generally more automobile-focused, promoting the tendency for customers to drive from one location to another, rather than parking in a central location and walking to adjacent stores. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 233 �,,---.. r---- ,,--..__ ,,,...--.-.., ,........__ ---- ,...... ~ Regional Commercial areas feature a smaller scale and pedestrian-oriented design - ,,-,--..., Marquette is seeking to revitalize its Downtown shopping district 234 �Chapter Thirteen - Master Land Use Plan Regional Commercial The current pattern of development along the U.S41-M28 transportation corridor is one of the most pressing concerns for City residents today. The area just west of the City has experienced an explosion of "big-box" retailers and other nationally known chain establishments that residents fear will make Marquette look like, as one resident put it, "anytown U.S.A." . Because the conversion of this corridor to a large commercial "strip" is already underway, and because many of these commercial establishments are actually located outside of the City of Marquette, it is unlikely that this development trend can be completely halted. Instead, Marquette should take active steps to create its own commercial district along U.S.41 at the western edge of the City that promotes a different aesthetic than what they see currently happening in the adjacent township. Such an area has been designated as a "Regional Commercial" land use on the master land use plan . The regional commercial land use focuses on the creation of a commercial node that is organized around a central shopping area (rather than a strip of several physically separated stores). A mix of residential and commercial ventures in tight, mixed-use developments, would support this shopping area. The addition of housing and increased pedestrian access to this regional commercial area will prevent it from becoming the automobile-dominated "strip" mall that is seen further west along U.S.41 . Central Business District Similar to many small towns throughout the country, Marquette has begun to see its historic downtown deteriorate under the pressure exerted by large, nationally known retailers in areas adjacent to the City. Because residents believe that a strong downtown is representative of a strong community, they are striving to revitalize their historic business district. While the scale of the Master Plan can reflect only the general area that is intended to be the central business district, there are a number of land use decisions that can be made on a smaller-scale that would greatly increase the City's ability to meet their goal. • Lower Harbor Redevelopment - The redevelopment of the Lower Harbor area provides exciting opportunities for attracting more businesses and customers to the downtown area. The harbor design calls for new public and cultural amenities, as well as intensive mixeduse development along the lakeshore. These new facilities will be coupled with a shoreline greenway and pedestrian access that will encourage visitors to patronize the harbor area . • Parking - As discussed in Chapter Nine, parking is a critical issue for Marquette's downtown area. By promoting more on-street parking, parcels currently used for off-street lots can be reused as more productive commercial spaces. The appropriate design for the additional parking (i .e. parallel, angle, etc.) should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis depending on the available road width and the demand for parking spaces in that area. • New policies - While recommendations for new planning and economic tools to help jump-start the downtown's revitalization were discussed in Chapter Seven, it is important to reiterate that govern ment regulation can have a direct effect on the success of the commercial downtown . City ordinances should be reviewed to ensure they fully support the City's desire to be a 24-hour, 7-day-a-week destination. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 235 �r,., Map 13.4: Marquette General Hospital's overlay zone Marquette is trying to attract new "clean industries" to increase their economic diversity 236 �Chapter Thirteen - Master Land Use Plan CAMPUS / INSTITUTIONAL Although institutional land uses, such as the area occupied by the Hospital and University, represent key components of the master land use plan, the physical area designated as such has not changed significantly under the new plan . The majority of the area identified as institutional land uses are currently being used in this manner. One exception would be the area within the Marquette General Hospital overlay zone (See Map 13.4). This block of properties, bordered by Presque Isle Ave. and Seventh St. to the east-west, and Kaye Avenue and Park St. to the north-south currently contains some residential land uses . The Hospital 's long-range vision for this area is to continue to buy these residential properties as they become available with the goal of unifying the hospital campus with 1n the one overlay zone. INDUSTRIAL One of the goals expressed by residents has been to increase the number and diversity of employment options available within the City. In order to support this goal, the new Master Land Use Plan identifies 288 acres of industrial land use within the city limits. Most of this new industrial development is focused around existing industrial areas in the northeast corner of the city. Because this area is also home to the Dead River and other ecologically sensitive land uses, these industrial uses are intended to be technology-related business parks or other "clean " industries . The City should not squander its remaining industrial properties by allowing institutional and professional office uses into these areas . Staying the course to establish planned industrial and business parks will result in long term gains for the City. Conversely, allowing non-industrial uses into the park may impair the recruitment of new industry. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 237 �Partridge Bay Middle Buy MARQUETTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN Proposed Greenway System 5 .. o11 iell•= :il o--ic o3= =::::io6 M~es Prrsqw, -----------------------------------------------' '' '' '' ' Isle '' '' '' '···, Hnrmr ··-··· r"' > ~ ............... ~~=i::=--:--'-r,-~ ~ ~ _ t _.J.U.,...,J3 t"1 v-, c:: "'t) Nlar,11iette ti, Bay :::-i ..... I 0 Greenway Existing Bike Path Future Bike Path :::-i Map 13.5: Proposed Greenway System 238 �Chapter Thirteen - Master Land Use Plan RECREATION / OPEN SPACE A defining attribute of Marquette is its rugged natural beauty and its distinctive climate . Lake Superior, along with the area's watersheds, woodlands, and varied topography frame the community and give it an undeniable appeal. Finding a way to accommodate new growth within the community while still protecting these valuable natural resources is essential to Marquette's quality of life . The Master Plan focuses on the preservation of recreational / open space land in two primary areas: Along the Lake Superior Shoreline and along the Dead River. Focusing conservation efforts along these two critical waterways provides not only environmental benefits, but also satisfies the residents' desire to maintain public access to their most valuable natural resources . Protection of the Lake Superior Shoreline An overwhelming 87% of respondents to the telephone and written surveys felt preservation and public access along Lake Superior was "very important" to them. To support this clear directive, the Master Plan includes several redevelopment plans that will provide increased public access and protection of the shoreline. • Lakeshore Parkway - A redesign of the Lakeshore Boulevard (described in Chapter Nine) would feature the creation of a greenway corridor along the Lake Superior shoreline that would incorporate continuous bicycle and pedestrian paths to provide convenient public access . The redesign also calls for a tree-replacement plan to replace aging plantings and also to extend the current "forested" appearance along more of the roadway. Finally, design controls for adjacent developments would protect not only the ecological, but also the scenic qualities of this area. • Lower Harbor Redevelopment - The redevelopment of the Lower Harbor area provides an opportunity to extend this public greenway along the southern portion of the Lake Superior shoreline. It also outlines the redevelopment of Mattson Park as the premier waterfront recreation area . Finally, the Lower Harbor plan calls for the "daylighting" of the Whetstone Brook and the Orianna Creek in an attempt to restore some of the ecological benefits of these natural streams. Dead River Greenway The Dead River flows across the northern tip of the City on the way to its outlet into Presque Isle Harbor. This area currently features several existing recreational parks such as the Tourist Park Campground and the River Park Sports Complex. The new Master Plan encourages the creation of a greenway corridor on both sides of the Dead River from the Holy Cross Cemetary to Lakeshore Boulevard (See Map 13 .5). Such a greenway would have both ecological as well as recreational benefits . By creating an open space buffer along the river, water quality and aquatic habitat could be protected from detrimental effects of development. Residents would benefit from the creation of a continuous greenway connection from the western edge of the city to Lake Superior. This new Dead River greenway would then connect with the Lakeshore parkway system and destinations to the north, such as Presque Isle Park, and to the south all the way to the newly developed Orianna Creek Preserve. Carp River Greenway A similar greenway is proposed adjacent to the existing Mount Marquette Road near the Carp River. An easement along this roadway would create the opportunity to connect the pathway along the Lake Superior shoreline to the existing McClellan Avenue bike path . Enhancements to Mount Marquette Road should be designed to create a scenic parkway aesthetic, similar to the recommendations given for the Lakeshore Boulevard redesign . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 239 �Partridge 8011 MARQUITTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN Expansion Zones 550 o~3 ~ -o~ ~!!!O !li3iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii~ o 6 Mies f'rrs,p1c I.le Harbor V) c::: "" A,fnrquette ti") Buy ,:i .... 0 ~ Map 13.6: Future Expansion Zones 240 �Chapter Thirteen - Master Land Use Plan ADDITIONAL PLANNING TOOLS While the master land use plan described in this chapter provides details for all the land uses in the City of Marquette, it can also be useful to identify the larger-scale land use patterns that the detailed master plan is meant to represent. To that end, two additional maps have been created to help supplement the master land use plan : the Map of Expansion Zones and the Map of Development and Redevelopment Opportunities. Expansion Zones The map of Expansion Zones is perhaps the most general representation of land use recommendations for the City. Map 13.6 summarizes the general areas of the City that are targeted for potential expansions of existing land uses. The key components of the expansion plan include the consolidation of commercial development within the City's central core, the identification of an industrial area where the development of new, clean industry will be promoted, and new areas in the southern portion of the City that focus on expanded residential development. The Expansion Zone also reflects the characteristics associated with the predominate land use. Industrial Zone • • Principal land utilization for light industry, warehousing and distribution, energy production, bulk commodities, marine uses, and business parks. Needs access to minor arterials and collector roads • Road design to reflect heavier loads and expanded turning radii • Inclusion of applicable screening, buffer, and reduction of fugitive dust materials Institutional Zone • • Reduce surface parking lots and encourage strategically located deck parking Increase walkability between uses • Promote denser, more compact office, medical, and educational buildings Commercial Zone • • • Encourage the expansion of retail, governmental, and art and entertainment uses Allow mixed-use developments with residential components Promote infill of underutilized properties and parking lots • Employ an integrated system of public amenities such as lighting, signage, and wayfinding Residential Zone • Allow residential development that utilizes open space and resource protection techniques • Extend infrastructure to support new development • Promote creative and innovation residential development • Ensure either vehicular or pedestrian connections between developments Marquette Master Plan - 2003 241 �Pi1rlr•fge &,y M1dd/,- &ry MARQUETTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN Development & Redevelopment Opportunities 550 03 03 06 M~es -•c::::::11••c:::=:::::JI Presque ---- ------------------·-······---------------- Isle Harl.,- 1 r=::-:::-:::=r~-·----J.:_ - ·-'---.., "" --~~7"----r--____E-UW-1-.....! t"' ';> X Parle tT1 Vi c::: Lower Harbor Development "O i\1mqudlt t"1 Bay :;,.,i ,_, 0 D D D C D Residential : _J Residential Infill l Housing Rehabilitation Commercial/Residential Mix :;,.,i Commercial Industrial Recreational Cultural Map 13.7: Areas Targeted for Development and Redevelopment 242 ~ �Chapter Thirteen - Master Land Use Plan Development and Redevelopment Opportunities The map of Development and Redevelopment Opportunities (Map 13. 7) focuses on some of the highest priority changes as indicated in the master land use plan. This map highlights areas that have the potential to create new amenities, address existing deficiencies, or to change the existing pattern of land use in a particular area of the City. Such opportunities include: • A new greenway connection along the Lower Dead River • • Opportunities for mixed-use along U.S.41-M28 and in the Downtown/ Harbor area Areas for housing rehabilitation and infill development • New opportunities to develop industrial and cultural resources • • Infill and redevelopment along the "Village" business district Potential for a lifestyle retail center along U.S.41 . Example of a "lifestyle" retail center Example of an in-fill development designed as mixed-use Marquette Master Plan - 2003 243 �rA The former LS&/ Railroad property is being redeveloped for housing The community is committed to the revitalization of its historic Downtown New industries are being targeted to help increase economic diversity 244 - ------ - --------. ~ - -~ �Chapter Fourteen - Summary of Recommendations Chapter Fourteen SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS INTRODUCTION While each component of the Master Plan is of critical importance, each topic does not function in a vacuum. Every recommendation made throughout the Master Plan document has implications for other planning areas. This chapter summarizes the key recommendations made throughout the Master Plan and discusses the larger implications of these choices. Prioritization of these recommendations, as well as strategies for implementation will be discussed in Chapter 15. ECONOMIC RECOMMENDATIONS Economic goals for the City of Marquette focus primarily on three areas: • Diversification of Marquette's economy • Revitalization of the Downtown Business District • Encouraging Infill and Reuse of Existing Facilities Diversify Marquette's Economy • Recruit non-service sector businesses such as telecommunications, technology, clean industry, and research . • Encourage mixed-use developments, particularly in the Lower Harbor, and other brownfield sites . • Promote all-season tourism that will both develop Marquette's economy while increasing appreciation of the area's natural resources . • Establish programs to promote the retention and growth of existing businesses. • Work with the Lake Superior Community Partnership to foster economic growth . • Continue redevelopment of former Cliff-Dow property for a business and technology park . Resist the need to sell parcels for other uses. Revitalize the Downtown Business District • Reevaluate the current parking strategy to reduce the number of off-street lots, creating new development locations . • Use the Lower Harbor redevelopment project to promote new development throughout the Downtown area . • Reevaluate city policies to ensure they support the City's vision of a vibrant, 24-7 Downtown district. • Conduct a market analysis to determine the best strategy for attracting new businesses and customers to Marquette's Downtown district. • Educate existing businesses on current consumer trends, marketing, and advertising . Encourage Infill and Reuse of Existing Facilities • • • • • • Promote the redevelopment of the Lower Harbor and "Roundhouse" areas . Redevelop former industrial sites or other underutilized properties . Reuse former off-street parking lots as new development parcels . Partner with the LSCP to create financial incentives specific to the City of Marquette . Encourage development of the former K.1. Sawyer property through the use of Renaissance Zones the Intermediary ReLending Loan Program . Promote the Revolving Loan Fund as a tool for growth and new business development. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 245 �-. .t . ,t~- -..;- ,,--...._ ~ ,,.--,_ Residents support an inspection program to protect the safety of student renters The Master Plan calls for the protection of historic neighborhoods Roadways should be redesigned to increase pedestrian safety (Source: Burden 2003) 246 ~ r'-. ~ �Chapter Fourteen - Summary of Recommendations NEIGHBORHOOD RECOMMENDATIONS Protecting the quality of their neighborhoods is an extremely important issue for Marquette residents. The recommendations provided focus on three critical issues; Student Housing, Affordable Housing, and the Protection of Historic Homes . Student Housing • Institute a city inspection program to ensure rental housing meets specified requirements for safety and livability. • Enact new city regulations to help control common infractions such as noise, litter, parking, and occupancy. • Encourage the development of neighborhood associations to address specific issues affecting their residential area . • Increase the amount of University-owned housing. • Encourage NMU to partner with the private sector to develop student housing . Affordable Housing • Encourage a diversity of housing options such as mixed-use, townhome or condominium-style units, as well as affordable single family homes. • Work with developers considering affordable housing projects to reduce some costs such as infrastructure, land costs, and utility connections . • Encourage infill and reuse as alternatives to "greenfield" development. Protection of Historic Homes • Create a historic overlay zone to protect the character of existing historic homes . TRAFFIC RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendations for modifications to the existing traffic network address both specific changes to critical corridors and intersections, as well as more general strategies for improving the overall efficiency and safety of Marquette's roadway system . Specific recommendations focus on modifications to the 5 early action corridors: • Create a continuous east-west connection around the University at the Kaye/ Fair Avenue location . • • Extend Seventh Street to connect from Spring Street to Washington Street. Redesign Lakeshore Boulevard as a scenic parkway. • Redesign the U.S.41 / Front Street intersection . • Extend McClellan Avenue north from Fair Avenue to Wright Street installing roundabouts in lieu of 4-way stops or intersection signalization . Citywide strategies include modifications designed to promote safety and walkability: • Reduce the number of travel lanes on collector streets . • Implement new pavement cross-sections . • • • • • • Reduce pavement widths where appropriate . Incorporate on-street parking . Reconfigure intersection signals . Reevaluate the snow removal process . Incorporate pedestrian-related safety measures such as crosswalks, walk signals, and sidewalks into road designs. Restripe intersections to create opposing "left" turn lanes . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 247 �On-street parking should be used in more areas throughout the City Traffic calming mechanisms, such as roundabouts, increase an area's walkability (Source: Burden 2003) I Snow removal practices should be modified to increase walkability 248 �Chapter Fourteen - Summary of Recommendations WALKABILITY RECOMMENDATIONS Similar to the strategies for improving Marquette's traffic network, recommendations relating to walkability address changes at a variety of scales. Some recommendations given relate to the larger traffic system and land use pattern within the City of Marquette. These recommendations include the following : • Keep roads small and well linked. • Work with regional partners, such as surrounding Townships, to control sprawl and prevent poor land use practices . • Provide aging residents with quality housing in a choice of central locations that are in close proximity to shopping and cultural activities . Provide a variety of housing choices for students. • • Modify city and school policies and practices to support walkability concepts . • Modify current parking strategies to incorporate more on-street parking . • Create links and connections, particularly in areas not currently served by the existing street pattern, to promote more pedestrian use. • Modify current snow removal processes to accommodate walkability changes such as on-street parking and reduced road widths. Other walkability suggestions specifically relate to the existing configuration of roadways and intersections. These recommendations include the following : • • Reduce the number of four-way stops, consider using roundabouts instead . Reduce the number of travel lanes. • • Add bike lanes to existing roads, particularly where roadways are overly wide . Incorporate on-street parking . • Add sidewalks, particularly near the University or in close proximity to schools or other amenities . • Establish a Citywide sidewalk replacement and installation program using a sidewalk width of 5'-4". • Rebuild intersections to meet ADA and walkability needs. • Encourage involvement by local residents to address concerns specific to their neighborhood. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 249 �I I I I I I I I I I I Opportunities exist for new single-family residential development I High-density residential can be a more affordable alternative 250 �Chapter Fourteen - Summary of Recommendations LAND USE RECOMMENDATIONS The Master Land Use Plan presents an overview of the general types of land use as they are spatially distributed throughout the City. Each land use also contains a set of specific definitions or guidelines for its implementation, that help ensure a particular land use will accomplish its desired effect. A summary of these definitions and guidelines is provided below. Residential: • • • • Single-Family Residential - These areas represent traditional residential units, located primarily in the northern and southern edges of the city. High-Density Residential - High-density is defined as 12 or more dwelling units per acre. These developments are particularly appropriate in central locations where residents desire to live in close proximity to existing amenities. High-density units often provide more affordable housing options than the traditional single-family residence . Mixed-Use Residential - This designation combines residential units with commercial or retail amenities. Such units are often geared toward specific demographics, such as the student or elderly population, who can benefit from easy access to amenities without the need for automobile transportation. Watershed Residential - This type of residential unit is specifically geared to protect environmentally-sensitive areas. It identifies stringent design guidelines and promotes the use of cluster housing and open space preservation as a mechanism for protecting natural resources. Commercial: • • • • • • Mixed-Use - As outlined above, mixed-use developments include a combination of residential, commercial, and open space components within one area. Neighborhood Commercial - This designation allows limited retail uses within a residential neighborhood. Such retail units will be limited in size (1 to 1.5 acres) and will be geared toward daily services, such as cafes, corner markets, and other "mom-and-pop" stores. Village Commercial - Village Commercial land uses designate areas that provide commercial and retail services in a primarily pedestrian-focused area. Corridor Commercial - Corridor commercial areas are primarily automobile-oriented, incorporating commercial and retail services generally located along an existing traffic corridor. Regional Commercial - This land use is provided as an alternative to the "big-box" sprawl that is currently underway in the adjacent Township . Regional commercial areas focus on the creation of a large commercial node, organized around a central shopping area (rather than a strip of physically separated stores) . The design of such a node is focused on maintaining human-scale designs and incorporating walkability concepts to prevent the area from becoming automobile-dominated . Central Business District - This land use refers to the core commercial area within Marquette's Downtown . The Central Business District should focus on maintaining its traditional "Main Street" quality through the use of on-street parking, design guidelines, and the redevelopment of underutilized parcels for new commercial opportunities. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 251 �Presque Isle provides protection to scenic natural resources New greenway connections ensure pedestrian access to existing natural areas A holistic approach is necessary to protect Marquette's unique quality of life 252 �Chapter Fourteen - Summary of Recommendations Campus / Institutional Designates the areas that are appropriate for expansion of institutional uses such as the University or Hospital. Specifically defining these zones prevents their unchecked expansion into surrounding residential neighborhoods . Industrial Areas designated as industrial land use are considered suitable for new, "clean industry" or technology-related business parks. These areas should not be considered for professional office parks or other institutional land uses. Recreation / Open Space The provision of spaces dedicated to the protection of natural resources is a particularly important issue for Marquette residents . The recreation I open space land use designated in the Master Plan focuses on protecting the Lake Superior shoreline and other unique natural resources in primarily two ways: • Development of a cityvvide greenway system: The Master Plan calls for connections between a number of new greenway corridors . These include open space and pedestrian pathways in the following areas: - Dead River Greenway - Carp River Greenway - Lakeshore Boulevard Greenway - Washington Street Linear Park - Mt. Marquette Road Parkway - Lower Harbor Greenway - Onanna Creek Preserve • Development of Ordinances to protect existing natural resources : In addition to the identification of new greenway linkages, the Master Plan also calls for the use of regulatory tools to protect ecologically-sensitive areas. - Overlay Zones to protect sensitive natural resources such as woodlands, wetlands, and stream corridors . - Implementation of recommendations given in the Whetstone Brook, Orianna Creek Watershed Management Plan . SUMMARY The presentation of these recommendations, neatly compartmentalized into their distinct content areas, can mistakenly give the impression that each series of recommendations can be addressed individually. In reality, the successful implementation of this Master Plan will rely on a more holistic approach, where the implications to a number of areas such as traffic, walkability, land use, resource protection, and neighborhood quality are all addressed as critical components of any larger change effort. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 253 �Table 15. 1: Progress Update on 1996 Master Plan Project outlined in 1996 Master Plan Description Lakeshore, Inc. Redevelopment Site Remediate site and redevelop for high-density residential housing Extend west to provide connections to the Township and facilitate new development Downgrade C R-553 and designate McClellan as an official truck route Creation of design and development guidelines for commercial and residential development Desiqnation of historic districts Improvement of exterior property and structures Extend to improve north-south access Remediate site and redevelop as new technology park Develop a linear park on the Washington Street railroad corridor Preparation of resource-based development guidelines Development of a "village" commercial district to serve adjacent residential areas Redevelop the Lower Harbor area for a mix of commercial, residential, and open space uses Maintenance of existing conditions through bi-annual reviews of exterior property Redesign to allow traffic circulation around the University Develop design guidelines and a corridor redevelopment plan Integrate the Third Street district into the DDA Redesign to increase circulation and provide a "gateway" aesthetic Redesign to increase circulation and provide a "qateway" aesthetic Conduct studies to address circulation, aesthetics, traffic, and parking issues Pioneer Road Extension Downgrade of CR-553 / Re-routing of traffic McClellan Extension Design Guidelines Neiqhborhood Preservation Neighborhood Rehabilitation Seventh Street Connection to Business 41 Iron-Bay Industrial Park Linear Park on Railroad Property Marquette Mountain Resource Protection Guidelines McClellan/ CR-553 Commercial Node Waterfront Redevelopment near Downtown Neighborhood Conservation Redevelopment of Intersections near NMU Community Entrance Corridor/ U.S.41 South Third St./ Village District Improvements U.S.41 / Front St. Intersection U.S.41 / Washington St. Intersection U.S.41 (West) Commercial District Improvements 254 Action Category Short Term Current Status Complete Long Term Resolved (In South Mclellan Plan) Immediate In Progress Immediate In Progress Immediate Immediate In Progress In Progress Immediate In Progress Short Term In Progress Short Term In Progress Short Term In Progress Short Term In Progress Short Term In Progress Immediate Not Started Immediate Not Started Short Term Not Started Short Term Not Started Short Term Not Started Short Term Not Started Long Term Not Started I 0' I �Chapter Fifteen - Implementation Chapter Fifteen IMPLEMENTATION INTRODUCTION Simply documenting strategies and recommendations for improving the Marquette community is not enough . In order to ensure that the Master Plan is a useful document, it is necessary to outline a plan for implementation that will assist in the prioritization and fulfillment of the many recommendations presented. While the Master Plan may be seen primarily as a tool for City leaders, its implementation requires commitment and involvement from the entire community over a lengthy period of time. The interest and involvement shown to date by community residents during this master planning process indicates that Marquette is indeed ready to take on this challenge . This chapter will review the progress the City of Marquette has made since the adoption of its last Master Plan in 1996. It will also outline action steps and their associated timeframes in order to help direct the new Master Plan's implementation . PROGRESS TO DATE The Master Plan adopted in 1996 identified a variety of projects to be undertaken by the City in order to achieve their desired goals. A summary of the progress made to date on these action items is presented in Table 15.1. Some of the most noteworthy accomplishments include : • Acquisition of key properties in preparation for a number of large projects including the Lower Harbor Redevelopment, the "Roundhouse" property, and the Washington St. railroad corridor. • Remediation and plans for redevelopment of some existing brownfield sites including CliffsDow, Lakeshore, Inc., and the LSI Railroad . • Completion of a watershed management plan for the Whetstone Brook and Orianna Creek Watershed . PRIORITIZATION OF MASTER PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS: In addition to the many detailed projects outlined in the implementation strategy, there are a number of general measures that need to be followed in order to ensure that the implementation of the Master Plan will be a success . Promote community understanding of the new plan • • • Update City policies and regulations to reflect the Master Plan 's vision Partner with adjacent Townships and key community interests (such as the University and Hospital) to ensure consistency between individual master plans. Use the Master Plan as a primary resource - actively seek ways to promote projects that are in accordance with the plan . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 255 �Master Plan Action Items Each of the following tables outline the projects needed to implement Marquette's Community Master Plan . Determination of priorities will be adjusted based on availability of funding and personnel needed to implement the project or program. Although this approach is less tentative than a more formal budgeting program, it recognizes that local government funding opportunities are influenced more by federal and state budgets, than city initiatives. An action category is suggested based on community expectations discussed in the plan. Table 15.2: Action Items - Community Wide 2003 Commun ity Master Plan Community Wide Community Design Standards Community Entrance Corridor/ U.S.41 South Revise Zoning Ordinance Sensitive Development Regulations Wayfinding System Development of "Mature" Housing Expansion of Historic Districts Neighborhood Associations Parking Strategies Urban Forestry Program Greenway System Description Action Category Establish design standards, which are locally based and reflect Marquette's natural and architectural character. Develop design guidelines and a corridor redevelopment plan Revise the City's current zoning ordinances to meet the recommendations of the new Master Plan Establish regulations, which manage stormwater runoff, protect water quality, steep slopes, and woodlands. Establish a community-wide wayfinding system to replace the current city directional community facility signage. Encourage development of higher density housing for mature households (55+) years in close proximity to downtown and established neighborhoods Expand National Register of Historic Places districts in the downtown and south Marquette neighborhood Provide technical advice to establish neighborhood associations Reevaluate parking strategies to encourage additional on-street parking particularly in the Downtown area Establish a comprehensive forestry management and replanting program. Develop a community-wide greenway system incorporating nonmotorized pathways and connections Immediate 256 Immediate Immediate Immediate Immediate Short Term Short Term Short Term Short Term Short Term Long Term �Chapter Fifteen - Implementation Table 15.3: Action Items - Economic 2003 Community Master Plan Economic Brownfield Redevelopment Downtown Zoning Provisions Non-Service Sector Strategy Orphanage Property Soo Line "Roundhouse" Property South Rail Yard Redevelopment Downtown Revitalization Iron Bay Redevelopment "Cleveland Cliffs" property Eco-Tourism and Sport-Tourism Program Description Action Category Continue to implement projects that utilize former brownfields for tax revenue producing economic development projects. Amend the zoning ordinance to regulate the expanse of professional offices and service businesses on the first floor of downtown buildings. Focus recruitment of new business on telecommunication, software development, internet, and biotechnology uses. Promote adaptive reuse of the property for housing Redevelop the "Roundhouse" property as a mixed density residential development Redevelop the Lower Harbor area for a mix of commercial, residential, and open space uses Continuation of the DDA's efforts to revitalize the downtown utilizing financial incentive programs, and technical assistance. Continue expansion and sale of properties within the industrial park Develop a eco-tourism and sporttourism program in conjunction with the Lake Superior Community Partnership Immediate Immediate Immediate Immediate Immediate Immediate Short Term Short Term Long Term Table 15.4: Action Items - Neighborhoods 2003 Community Master Plan Nei hborhood Neighborhood Conservation Neighborhood Preservation Neighborhood Rehabilitation Redevelopment of Intersections near NMU Description Action Category Establishment of Rental Housing Inspection pro ram Designation of historic districts or enactment of historic overlay provisions which promote sensitive design and rehabilitation Utilize state and federal programs to provide lower interest financing and grants for housing rehabilitation Redesign to allow traffic circulation around the University Short Term Short Term Short Term Short Term Marquette Master Plan - 2003 257 �Table 15. 5: Action Items - Traffic 2003 Community Master Plan Traffic Lakeshore Boulevard McClellan Avenue Extension Seventh Street Connection to Business 41 Traffic Calming US-41 / Front Street Intersection Kaye / Fair Avenue Marquette "Street Design " Standards McClellan Avenue Redesign Reconfiguration of Roadways South East-West Connection Description Action Category Redesign Lakeshore Boulevard using "parkway" design standards Extend McClellan Avenue to Wright Street Extend to improve north-south access Identify areas to implement traffic calming mechanisms as City roads are considered for redesign or maintenance Modify the intersection to include ertheraroundaboutora "T" intersection . Complete the Kaye/ Fair Avenue connections Utilize the street design standards for new street construction or major reconstruction of existing streets where curb removal is a component Boulevard w ith a median McClellan Avenue between M-554 and Grove Street Implement recommended roadway design changes (reduced travel lanes, reduced pavement width, additional on-street parking, intersection controls) as roads are considered for redesign or maintenance Extend M-554 into Marquette Township Immediate 258 Immediate Immediate Immediate Immediate Short Term Short Term Short Term Long Term Long Term �Chapter Fifteen - Implementation Table 15.6: Action Items - Walkability 2003 Community Master Plan Walkability Integration with Traffic Enhancements Linear Park on Railroad Property All-Season Access All-Season Connections Neighborhood Plans Description Action Category Integrate Citywide walkability concepts into road redesign or maintenance projects Develop a linear park on the Washington Street railroad corridor Provide all-season access along the Lake Superior shoreline Maintain all-season non-motorized connections to neighborhoods and community facilities . Develop neighborhood specific walkability plans, which include identification of projects and estimated cost of project implementation. Immediate Immediate Short Term Short Term Short Term Table 15.7: Action Items - Winter Considerations 2003 Community Master Plan Winter City On-street Parking Winter Recreation Opportunities Description Action Category Develop a parking system that would allow for on-street parking during the winter season . Encourage and financially support outdoor winter recreation opportunities Short Term Description Action Category Modify zoning provisions to allow for a diversity of housing types, densities, and mixed uses. Creation of design and development guidelines for commercial and residential development Incorporate within the zoning ordinance "Night Sky" provisions which regulate evening outdoor light pollution. Amend the zoning ordinance to allow for the introduction of limited, neighborhood based retail uses. Immediate Short Term Table 15.8: Action Items - Land Use 2003 Community Master Plan Land Use Innovative Housing McClellan Extension Design Guidelines Night Sky Provisions Neighborhood Retail Immediate Immediate Short Term Marquette Master Plan - 2003 259 �) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) City of Marquette Capital Improvement Program Sanitary Sewers • c ......... rl~ I .. -.- __ JI f• /-- I f-=t-- j} : If I tj--~,i:.rf_ ,/ f! , tl I J~~ l {j 11 ,_ 1P""'-• LWJ -l, •- ~ - " f IF ) J - < __ , n-i, ....J"": '.t,;,.:..s--- .II- ,. ) ) ) 1) . I I I - ~-- ' j \ ~ Lake Superior \ I I - ~ I, J ,t , . •< l ;· . 4, 'l7j ' 'a .,-l1:\ - .- -1 i ) t • -=~-.. _r1 1'1,. , • • -~t ,:.ilUJ , 1· '··- -,..- f~M.:-' ;:~: .a. f f~ . ' ~ . •r- ;'l, f"'"' .J--! ...... 1rf']f'"",r,·::ft-...!. --~ IL "' t- - c~,.._ , --.,~ I ·---~ ~·-- ,. I i I ...... ,~-. ..... ·-~ ·- ~ - • . -.. I . -.._., __ ~ •h ··· . ..........._ . . ,.J1 1 . ' ~t . f I / ...,_ _.¾ :t,.. I I i -·.. • !r • ~ -;::: I / I\ ,.,,. \\ / I ,._ '· \ \ '\ ~, 't__ . -- ~,,., • ~ ' ~ \ . .r '\, ' \ '\ Lake Superior \·if 't l1 <> ' II ~ ! I Legend .,,,. . . . Buildings Streets ~ Parcels - - Sanitary Sewer 1881-1903 = 8.6 Miles NORTH Sanitary Sewer 1904-1914 = 2.7 Miles - - Sanitary Sewer 1980-2003 = 21 .3 Miles City of Marquette Engineering Department 11 /24/2003 •• 10:30:57 AM 0 Map 15. 1: Sanitary Sewer System 0.25 0.5 1 1.5 ]Miles 2 �111111111 Chapter Fifteen - Implementation CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PLAN In addition to implementing the Master Plan action items, the City of Marquette is also committed to the maintenance, improvement, and extension of the City's physical infrastructure. These projects are reflected in the City's multi-year Capital Improvements Program. This program focuses on reinvestment in the physical infrastructure of the community as a way of providing adequate care, comfort, convenience, and financial security for Marquette residents, businesses, and visitors. The following discussion summarizes the five primary City of Marquette owned and operated systems, as well as the plans for the maintenance and improvement of these systems. These systems include : • Sanitary Sewer System • Sidewalk / Pathway System • Water System • Street System • Stormwater System Sanitary Sewer System The City of Marquette sanitary sewer system is comprised of 84. 7 miles of sewer lines, approximately 2, 130 manholes, and 9 pump stations which ensure the flow of wastewater to a treatment facility. Together, these elements provide for the collection of household, business, and industrial wastewater (from toilets, showers, sinks, processing, etc.). This collection system transports on average 3.2 million gallons of used water to a City owned and operated treatment facility on a daily basis . This connected system of pipes, pumps, and pits provides for the sanitary disposal and transportation of "gray water" . The sanitary sewer system 1s an important component in making sure contaminated water does not enter into local ground water aquifers or Lake Superior. Proper maintenance, repair, and replacement of this collection and transportation system fulfills an environmental stewardship commitment the City has pledged to its citizens. The system is also monitored and reviewed by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality to ensure the highest quality of work. During the last 23 years and since 1980, the City of Marquette has replaced or extended 21 .3 miles of sanitary sewer and associated manholes. The cost for the work has been $7.2 million dollars. In 2004, all existing pump stations necessary to operate the system will be updated and improved . This investment of more than 3.6 million dollars should provide efficient and reliable service for the next 20 years from these pumping facilities. The average price to replace and extend City sanitary sewers over the last 23 years has been $64.00 per linear foot. Current average costs for this work are $115 per linear foot. In reviewing the year each section of sanitary sewer was constructed within the City, we find that 8.6 miles of the system currently exceed 100 years in age . Over the next ten years, 2.7 miles of additional sewer lines will exceed this threshold (See Map 15.1). A reasonable goal for annual repair, replacement, or extension of the City's sanitary sewer system is 1.0 miles. Based upon costs today, it will be necessary to allocate $610,000 on a yearly basis to achieve this goal. The funding to achieve this level of work is currently available from revenues generated from the treatment of wastewater which are billed monthly to all customers . It may be possible for the City to reduce average costs to replace sanitary sewer lines by using trenchless construction methods. This construction method is not appropriate in many situations but the potential to apply this technique in a limited number of applications appears to exist. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 261 �) \I II ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) City of Marquette Capital Improvement Program Water System I I ) ) 1\ ) ) ) I I I , ,. • I ;J " ~_...... _ I~ -. •l ~ J ~-· ,I__ i l · : , I I~ - f h I -- · I I •, . Lake Superior ~~~ •,f ' '~· ' J. ' ' . .,. ' t ;f• r,1 ... ., _; l. t _ il.......-._·- -- - ,, .J ·-~, , t~ . ...._ f t .. r-r- •I .....J"': ,1 -- I :..,--, j _ ~l I ' L, ._ ... \ l I • --.1~ - ·· - 1~ • "tG i_"-~ -r- .,._''.!s·-'• ...c... t ., ii ' ~ ..... J ...;..,,_ ~ -•~ ...__ l . (l· _..;.,,.._;;: J • .-. ~ I l •-,-.'- /"" 1I f -- • ...... , . ,fl ~:Jc: ~ I I ' / _....... ,,-:,~ '\ ' ~,.,,_.r \ \ \ \ Lake Superior ,; 'l', t}.·'. ' .. \ . --" • ', \I IJ < \ ' J I ! Legend .,,, 1111 Buildings Streets Parcels - - Water System 1859-1903 = 7.39 Miles .. - NORTH Water System 1904-1914 = 3.3 Miles ,~.~~ti - - Water System 1980-2003 = 24 .6 Miles 1i ~,~ __ ! ~; City of Marquette Engineering Department 11/2412003 -- 10:27:45 AM 0 0.25 0.5 1 1.5 ]Miles 2 Map 15.2: Water System - �Water System The City of Marquette water system is comprised of 89.25 miles of water mains, 836 hydrants, and 2 storage tanks which hold 2 million gallons of water. Together these system elements form a transportation and delivery service which brings treated lake Superior water to all homes, City businesses, and institutions for daily use. Our system also supplies portions of Marquette Township. Clean, adequate, and dependable water form the basis of healthy living (not present in much of the world) and productive household and business operations. On average this system delivers 3 million gallons of water on a daily basis and can deliver 4.5 million gallons of water per day at maximum output. This system is also monitored and reviewed by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality to make sure citizens are receiving water that meets or exceeds all state water quality standards. In the last 23 years, the City of Marquette has replaced or extended 24.6 miles of water mains. The cost for the work has been $6.68 million dollars. Hydrants are typically replaced as part of a reconstruction project or when they become damaged, obsolete, or unserviceable. Elevated storage tanks receive periodic cleaning, repainting, and maintenance service. The average price to replace and extend City water mains over the last 23 years has been $60 .00 per linear foot. Current average costs for this work are $110 per linear foot. In reviewing the year each section of water main in the system was constructed, we find that 7 .3 miles of the system currently exceed 100 years of age. Over the next 10 years 3.3 miles of additional water mains will exceed 100 years in age (See Map 15.2). A reasonable goal for annual repair, replacement, or extension of the City's water main system is 1.0 miles . Based upon costs today, it will be necessary to allocate $555,000 on a yearly basis to achieve this goal. The funding to achieve this level of work is currently available from revenues generated from the sale of drinkable (potable) water billed monthly to all customers . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 263 �) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) City of Marquette Capital Improvement Program PASER Street Rating ) ) I 1 • ( Lake Superior I l I Legend Buildings Streets Parcels PASER Rating (POOR 1-4 Asphalt= 22.66 Miles) - - PASER Rating (GOOD 8-10 Asphalt = 12.06 Miles) PASER Rating (2,4,6 Gravel = 5.56 Miles) ~ NORTH - - State Trunkline (12.26 Miles) Northern Michigan University (1 .32 Miles) ~ -U .. 1:. tff...:. . ,."-p,j ,-,;,~,., City of Marquette Engineering Department 11/24/2003 -- 8:41 :51 AM r-L___f7__J 0.25 0 0.5 Map 15.3: Roadway System 1.5 \ ~ Lake Superior - - PASER Rating (FAIR 5-7 Asphalt= 47 .61 Miles) I) ' ' - ) ]Miles 2 �Streets The City of Marquette street system is formed from 85 .5 miles of gravel, asphalt, and concrete roads . Together these streets connect residents homes to local business, educational facilities, highways, and City buildings and amenities. Current roads and proposed projects provide for the traffic volume experienced and anticipated . Together these streets provide a means of transportation through the entire City as well as connecting motorists to surrounding Townships including; County Road 550, Hwy. U.S. 41, and other easy access roads leading out of the City. Continued maintenance, repair, and replacement of the streets is an obligation of the City to keep motorists safe. Every year the City of Marquette replaces or extends streets to provide safe and efficient travel. In the previous 23 years and since 1980, the cost of this work has been 29 .7 million dollars. In these 23 years, the average price to replace and extend streets has been $100 per L.F. Current average costs for this work are $120 per L.F. Just recently all 85 .5 miles of road have been surveyed using the Pavement Surface Evaluation and Rating (PASER) System (See Map 15.3). This system involves collecting data by assessing road roughness, surface distress, surface skid characteristics, and structure. By combining the information the City can develop a plan based on the budget. PASER is based on a 1-10 scale with (1) being extremely bad conditions and (1 0) being excellent. Currently in Marquette, 23 miles of street were rated in the (1) to (4) range, which are areas in need of overlays, patch ing, or complete reconstruction . These are the roads that have cracking, rutting, distortions, and pot holes which need to be reconstructed in the near future . A reasonable goal for annual repa ir, replacement, or extension of the City's streets is 2.0 miles. Based upon costs today, $1,300,000 will be needed on a yearly basis to achieve this goal. The fund ing to achieve this goal is not available from existing revenue sources. The above replacement schedule is based on an estimated average life span of a street being 45 years. To achieve a 45 year life we need to preform interim heavy maintenance such as pavement overlays, usually after 15 to 20 years of use . Therefore this heavy maintenance also needs to be planned for an on annual basis . A reasonable annual goal for heavy maintenance of the City's streets is 2.0 miles per year. Based upon today's cost of $60.00 per linear foot, $630,000 will also be needed on a yearly basis to achieve this goal. Again, this funding is not available from existing revenue sources. The City of Marquette has approximately 7 miles of gravel streets . A reasonable goal to pave these streets would be over a 10 year period . To achieve this goal, 3700 linear feet would need to be paved each year at $60 per linear foot for an annual cost of $220,000 . Marq11elte Master Plan - 2003 265 �\ ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) /·~ City of Marquette Capital Improvement Program Sidewalks ---- J ..,. ! J \11 ---- ' -t c-.~"'"""--. ,~ "' ._J:, ""'"'-""~ r- [ ?El __ ,r/ __:~~ Lake Superior I~-- I L..____ - -I .I -: . ' --j~!~Ll ,......,,_ rJ'7 ~ I • j, ir J I . !•· Ir l~ 1 I ~,fr., _ l _jl-_J -- r-r--- 11 _.-..r. . 1· I , I ..__ l =t I . , • a ' ' , . J ....ii 1~ u- i_ 1 - ::-• .JUfr \ - ~ .!.-! •• .,--=-==i - . ...J_ r. \ ,,,,,../ i.r.. .,._ \ I . 'c - 1.,,-.L..JU .. ,, y ~-· ~ It -, J~.t•...i._. 1- -·: Jt...... J ,; I -11--·~ ,,J..,,,...!!' ~ - - --7 ~~!--=i ....,__.-w_ l l~- i, ·[ 11111./~ l~ ,. I - ~. ~ .[ . ~.~-...... -..,; ' -- {-c·~~ ,.4.. i ....!'-- 'i:.- 1,i .t ...... 1, / I l ~ G, . . . . - • ' - ·~°""'" ... "• I \\ ' l ;;,__ ....,,.•' I I Lake Superior . '\ \ Legend - ,, ........, ,,_ ..., \ , ...... \ \ -- ·\ ' "ll 1I ) Buildings I I l Streets Parcels Sidewalks ,.,. - - Poor 3.29 Miles - - Fair 40.57 Miles . I .. NORTH - - Good 17.37 Miles e - - Bike Path 14 Miles (t ~ City of Marquette Engineering Department 11/21/2003 -9:13:42 AM ri_r--L_J 0 0.25 0.5 Map 15.4: Sidewalk System 1.5 !Miles 2 �I ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) -- i I i. ', ""'71 -l' -=1 : !" .. j 1f ' ~ 'l 1 '° ~ ~ .. - ·: ' _ II •~1;,..., ,, -• -JI f•J_,JI 1 1 , 1- - •l 1• ! l_,_, .-9 ,•••i:...tr •;r _..Jd' -.......' I ,, J· ~lri• :1 I _ -<· L'.~ Lake Superior _.· \ I . ;~ ~----i;=j ;, r:"·,;;r~~ tL~t:.!. r~-__ r,-0 - JI i-- 1l -?rr -t• --=~•.:.1":::t • 1 J. 1 ~~rl~t~~~t~~-t-~ ~ jl~ -. - ~ -:r _·- f:~~~ -, ~--:tl ='"' -J...., . • _, ~ t ~ ~1 ! ~ ~~'~ ; :J:l'f ➔ ~ ~ ~ r ·r§.- ~ 1 - rr ljl, _ :;;::- if i µ -' : ...,_1i ,, , t:;J-'{ ,· ." <""I'!'...... ' = ~ -· 1 ,___,_ 1 i ----·-· 11 '. i k,.,~-: I - -- "' ;, • . ft- , _,.... , .. --·• ~ oft- , i • i ' ~ -• • { 11 ... ' I...:. ' ,C I_-• - • • • - - / - = · ""'-"" . •,\, ~--"' t• lI 1 ½.. _.~_.-, .Mll.iile.!."'f =3 ,... J ' - Fi _1i"' ~ _.,..,...., . .JJr __ l ~.,,""" · .I .,. i ' • I 't' ✓. ~\' ;..,- d;. .,. J --:JI -I.•t. "I~ I ·~.,, \ '1 \\ ,, ' lij _::' ..· ,--":Y'"" --5!11-- .-[ ."-111 '1f,_ -. -.-..-., __, 1 r ,\1 1 \ \ \\ \ Lake Superior ,_ ,, \ -- \'\ t I ' J ~- I ! -.,,,, ~ Parcels YES= 718 Ramped Street Corners NORTH NO= 147 Ramped Street Corners It ~ ~~ C ity of Marquette Engineering Department 11/2 4/2003 -- 10:29:29 AM ~ 0.25 0.5 0 Map 15.5: Sidewalk Ramp System 1 ½ >=!£. 1 ,,- . b:Jr:: :JJz~ ~ J_ _· - ::;;:::i ., 'C. \ Streets ' /f I' - - C¾ ·-rit ' f. Ill Buildings ! ! ~ ~~ - ~,..,r--,• I ~e1 ,- [ ~ ,. Legend ' l /, • """"dt . -==M ·-- ikoi~.,. I .. t;;,;;. ~~ ~ •- ""'-..C. ~ ,, t ., '71_ - • f., - ;;:y•~ '. - ~-~- •·• O I ,rr., I : ' • • :Ii• ;," <·".... • ~,1 • -";- l -·· Ji. ' _, ~ < . _ I •i· .. j ......_. ~ ,, d' ,, ., •""" '1' I -- .. ,.,,,-"'-._ / 1 tIT "r''T ' ttt ,. _,--1'd f ~-r--..... - - L.. - -- " , 11, - ~ ~- • " ~; i "!",i' _1_ -.. - - 1 -~... • .. ~ < ~ ,, , - , • J1,, .... - _ ,,,,,..,._ - ·f L, ._ I ~' 9'1~ \. ' . . ..l,,. ... .... -""i·...., I -'\, ~ 1.5 ) ) ' ~_-'-- 't ) -~ City of Marquette Capital Improvement Program Ramped Street Corners C«,q.~.lst ) ]Miles 2 - �. Sidewalks The City of Marquette sidewalk system is comprised of 62 .8 miles of concrete sidewalk and 12 .1 miles of paved bike path . There are also 718 accessible street corners, constructed so residents can easily and safely cross at street intersections. Popular areas such as the water front, downtown, and the University are central ly located, providing a good opportunity for pedestrians to be linked between these areas and the surrounding neighborhoods by the walkways. With the lack of sidewalks in some neighborhoods and these paths not always included in new road designs, consideration should be given in the future to require sidewalks on new or reconstructed road designs, particularly near the City's key amenities . t' Marquette has continuously replaced or extended sidewalks and bike paths throughout the city to enforce the idea of a walkable community. The cost for this work since 1980 has been $1,835 .855 . Over the last 23 years, the average price to replace and extend sidewalks and bike paths has been $25 per linear foot. Current average costs for this work are $30 per linear foot. Within the past year, all 63 miles of sidewalk have been surveyed . 3.2 miles of the sidewalk have been reported as " poor" cond itions, which residents walking, biking, skateboard ing, or in wheelchairs can injure themselves by tripping on elevations, cracks, or holes in the walkway (See Map 15.4). The remaining 59 miles are classified as "fair" to "good" . Out of 865 sidewalk/street intersections have handicap accessible ramps in good condition . 147 intersections are currently not accessible due to curbs, cracks, or holes in the ramp (See Map 15.5). A reasonable goal for annual repair, replacement, or extension of the City's sidewalk system is 0.6 miles . Based upon costs today, it will be necessary to allocate $95,000 on a yearly basis to achieve this goal. The funding to achieve th is goal is currently not available. The city has approximately 14 miles of bike paths that have been constructed since the mid 1970's. To maintain the existing system, a reasonable goal is to replace/repair 3000 linear foot per year at $25 per linear foot for a yearly cost of $75,000 . A reasonable goal for the extension of the city bike path system would be 0.5 miles per year at $70 per linear foot for a yearly cost of $185,000 . Marqu ette Master Plan - 2003 267 �Stormwater Map The Stormwater Map is in progress of development and is being completed by the City of Marquette Engineering Department 268 �r,;;:;::-.., I -c-.., Stormwater System The storm sewer system in the City of Marquette by definition in its ordinance is: "all rivers, streams, tributaries and lakes including lake Superior, within the City limits of the City of Marquette and all city owned storm sewers, curb and gutter, culverts, retention and detention facilities, lift stations and all other appurtenances now and thereafter existing, used or useful, in connection with the collection, control, transportation, treatment, or discharge of storm water. The storm water system does not include sewers or facilities connected with the sanitary sewage disposal system or streets." The City's storm sewer infrastructure consists of 75 miles of piping, 1205 manholes and 1989 catch basins. In addition, the City owns or is responsible for 8 detention ponds . There are 12 discharge outlets to lake Superior from the storm sewer system. In 1994, the City of Marquette enacted a storm water utility to charge user fees to all properties discharging runoff into the City's system . The ordinance is structured as an enterprise fund with the intention and goal of a self sustaining utility maintaining the storm water system . Since 1994, the City has installed or replaced 8.6 miles of new storm sewer piping including required manholes and catch basins for a cost of 4.25 million . The average price to extend or replace storm sewer piping and appurtenances since 1994 has been $80 per linear foot. The current projected average with the recent inclusion of curb and gutter replacement is $1 50 per linear foot. A reasonable goal for annual repair, extension and replacement of storm water piping and appurtenances and curb and gutter is 0.5 miles. Based upon today's costs it will be necessary to allocate $400,000 on a yearly basis to achieve this goal. The funding to achieve this goal is currently available . Marquette Master Plan - 2003 269 �FUNDING SOURCES The following tables provide a variety of potential funding sources at the Federal, State, and Local levels. While funding sources are continually changing and becoming available, this partial list provides current resources that could assist in the implementation of the Master Plan's recommendations . Table 15.9: Project Funding Sources Funding Source Program Name Program Description Federal Community Development Block Grant Program (CDBG) Program replaces categorical grants. Eligible project include property acquisition, installation or repair of public facilities, building rehab and preservation, and planning activities. Federal Economic Development Administration ; Public Works and Development Facilities Assistance Funding for public works and development facilities that contribute to job retention or creation . Federal Section 202 Housing Program Loan Programs to provide funding for senior citizen and handicapped housing. Either for reconstruction or new built. Federal Transportation Equity Act 21 (TEA21) Federal programs for enhancements to transportation systems. Federal Rural Economic and Community Development (RECD) (formerly Farmers Home Administration) Loans and grants for infrastructure programs in rural communities . Federal Urban and Community Forestry Program Assists State Foresters, equivalent State agencies, interested members of the public and private nonprofit organizations, in urban and community forestry programs in cities and communities . http ://www.cfda .gov/static/10675 .htm Federal Forest Legacy Program Uses conservation easements and other mechanisms to protect and conserve environmentally important forest areas that are threatened by conversion to non-forest uses. http://www.cfda .gov/static/10676 .htm Federal Community Facilities Loans and Grants Loans and grants to construct, enlarge, extend, or otherwise improve community facilities providing essential services to rural residents . http ://www.cfda .gov/static/10766 .htm Federal Business and Industry Loans Assistance in obtaining quality loans for the purpose of improving, developing, or financing business, industry, and employment. http://www.cfda .gov/static/10768 .htm 270 l"F' �Chapter Fifteen - Implementation Table 15.9: Project Funding Sources (Continued) Funding Source Program Name Program Description Federal Resource Conservation and Development Advisory services and counseling to assist local units of government and local nonprofit organizations in rural areas to plan, develop and carry out programs for resource conservation and development. http://www.cfda.gov/static/10901.htm Federal Public Works and Economic Development Facilities Project grants to support the construction or rehabilitation of essential public infrastructure and development facilities necessary to generate higher-skill, higher-wage jobs and private investment. http://www.cfda .gov/static/11300.htm Federal Public Telecommunications Facilities/ Planning Planning grants and matching construction grants to assist in the planning, acquisition, installation and modernization of public telecommunications facilities . http://www.cfda .gov/static/11550.htm Federal Technology Opportunities Project grants to promote the widespread use and availability of advanced telecommunications and information technologies in the public and nonprofit sectors. http://www.cfda.gov/static/11552 .htm Federal Community Development Block Grant/ Section 108 Loan Guarantees Loan guarantees to provide a source of financing for economic development, housing rehabilitation, public facilities, and large scale physical development projects. http://www.cfda .gov/static/14248 .htm Federal Healthy Homes Demonstration Grants Project grants to develop, demonstrate, and promote cost-effective, preventive measures to correct multiple safety and health hazards in the home environment that produce serious diseases and injuries in children of low-income families . http://www .cfda .gov/static/14901 .htm Federal Indian Arts and Crafts Development Use of property, facilities, and equipment; advisory services and counseling; and the investigation of complaints . Intends to encourage and promote the development of American Indian and Alaska Native arts and crafts. http://www.cfda .gov/static/1 5850 .htm Marquette Master Plan - 2003 271 �Table 15.9: Project Funding Sources (Continued) Funding Source Program Name Program Description Federal Historic Preservation Funds Matching grants to States for the identification, evaluation, and protection of historic properties; expansion of the National Register of Historic Places; and various preservation activities.http://www.cfda.gov/static/15904.htm Federal National Register of Historic Places Advisory services and counseling to help expand and maintain the National Register of Historic Places for planning, preservation, research, public education and tourism efforts. http://www.cfda.gov/static/15914.htm Federal Hydropower Recreation Assistance Advisory services and counseling regarding applications for hydropower licensing; meeting present and future outdoor recreation needs; maintaining and enhancing riparian areas. http://www.cfda .gov/static/15927 .htm Federal Urban Park and Recreation Recovery Program Grants for the rehabilitation of recreation areas and facilities, demonstration of innovative approaches to improve park system management and recreation opportunities, and development of improved recreation planning . http://www.cfda.gov/static/15919 .htm Federal National Maritime Heritage Grants Funds Maritime Heritage Preservation Projects and Maritime Heritage Education Projects designed to preserve historic maritime resources and increase public awareness and appreciation for the maritime heritage of the United States. http://www.cfda.gov/static/15925.htm Federal Community Development Financial Institutions Program Project grants to promote economic revitalization and community development through investment in and assistance to community development financial institutions. http://www.cfda .gov/static/21 020. htm Federal Promotion of the Arts Grants, advisory services, and counseling in order to promote access to the arts, artistic creativity and preservation, learning in the arts, and partnerships for the arts. http ://www .cfda.gov/static/45025 .htm 272 0. , �Chapter Fiheen - Implementation Ta ble 15.9: Project Funding Sources (Continued) Funding Source Program Name Federal Promotion of the Arts Leadership Initiatives Federal Promotion of the Arts Challenge America Grants Federal Wetland Program Development Grants Grants to build capacity to protect, manage and restore wetlands . Programs include (1) Developing a comprehensive wetland monitoring and assessment program ; (2) improving the effectiveness of compensatory mitigation; and (3) refining the protection of vulnerable wetlands and aquatic resources . http ://www.cfda .gov/static/66461 .htm Federal Brownfield Pilots Cooperative Agreement Revolving loan funds for Brownfield cleanups and financial assistance for a program of training and evaluation of training needs in the procedures for the handling and removal of hazardous waste substances. http://www.dda .gov/static/66811 .htm Federal Twenty-First Century Community Learning Centers Formula grants to create community learning centers that provide academic enrichment opportunities for children, particularly those attending high-poverty and low-performing schools. http://www.dda .gov/static/84287.htm Federal Urban Areas Security Initiative Project grants to enhance State and local governments' ability to prepare for and respond to threat or incidents of terrorism . http ://wwvv .cfda. gov/static/9 7008.htm State Industrial Development Corporation Act (Act 327, 1931 ) Program Description Grant support for Leadership Initiatives, identified by the Endowment, which advance the arts significantly and have demonstrable national, regional or field-wide importance. http ://www.cfda .gov/static/45026.htm Grants to benefit people in underserved areas or whose access to the arts is limited by factors such as age, disability, ethnicity, educational or economic level. http://www.cfda .gov/static/45027 .htm IDC's may be established in order to purchase sites and construct buildings in order to stimulate local industrial activity Marquette Master Plan - 2003 273 �Table 15.9: Project Funding Sources (Continued) Funding Source Program Name Program Description State Rehabilitation of Blighted Areas Act (Act 344, 1945) Localities are permitted to develop plans and sell bonds for funding of rehabilitation projects to eliminate blighted areas. State Shopping Area Redevelopment Act (Act 120, 1961) Permits renewal of principal shopping areas of a community with revenue bonds and special assessments. State Economic Development Corporation Act (Act 338, 1974) Nonprofit EDC is created by community and may acquire land, construct buildings, and acquire equipment which it sells or leases to private industry. State Michigan Urban Land Assembly Act(Act 177, 1981) Provides for a state loan fund to assist communities with high unemployment and demonstrating a shortage of industrial property in the acquisition of real property for economic development. State The Michigan Economic Development Authority Act (Act 70, 1982) MEDA can make loans, financed by bonds, directly to municipalities or a DDA or EDC which can be used for street improvements, recreation facilities, and related costs . State The Local Development Financing Act (Act 281, 1986) Can finance public facility improvements using tax increment financing, from revenues captured from increased value of any eligible property. Properties can include manufacturing type facilities. Local Special Assessments Fees levied by a community within a district for the financing of a local improvement that is primarily of benefit to landowners who pay the assessment. Local General Obligation Bonds Negotiable bonds issued by the community and payable from the levy of ad valorem taxes on all taxable property within the community. Backed by full-faith and credit of issuing jurisdiction . Local Revenue Bonds Negotiable bonds issued by a community and payable only from the net revenues of the project being financed . 274 �Acknowledgments ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The time and effort that members of the Marquette community dedicated to the creation of the Community Master Plan is a true measure of their commitment to the City of Marquette. Special acknowledgments and thanks should be given to the following individuals : Master Plan Steering Committee: Jake Guter, Chairman Jerry Irby, Mayor Dan Closner Carl Pace John lacoangeli, Beckett & Raeder, Inc. Martha Jean Ferrill Gerald Peterson, City Manager Dennis Stachewicz, Jr., City Planner Ron Sundell Bill Hetricks Pat Coleman, U.P. Engineers and Architects City Planning Commission: Tom Tourville, Chairman Bruce Ventura, Vice Chairman Judy Allen Dan Closner Martha Conley Martha Jean Ferrill Gregg Seiple Ayleen Van Beynen Glenn Van Neste City Commission: Jerry Irby, Mayor Frank Sciotto, Mayor Pro-Tern Dave Carlson Don Gladwell Stu Bradley Tony Tollefson Joseph Lavey Dan Dallas, Former M . Cameron Howes, Former Dennis Stachewicz, Jr., Marquette City Planner Gerald Peterson, Marquette City Manager Sandy Gayk, Community Development Director The Department of Geography, Earth Science, Conservation and Planning at Northern Michigan University. The primary credit for this help lies with Dr. Jean Ferrill and the following students who assisted in the topographical analysis and the analysis of parcel and site quality: Matt Aho Woodrow Deloria Brad Neumann Patrick Tighe Tripti Singh and T.A. Vijayasanan for their drawings depicting conceptual designs of the Roundhouse and Downtown areas . Special thanks to the community members who participated in the numerous public input sessions. Your ideas and suggestions were an invaluable resource in the creation of the Community Master Plan . 276 �References REFERENCES American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2001 . A Policy of Geometric Design of Highways and Streets. Washington D.C. Arendt, R., E. Brabec, H.L. Dodson, C. Reid, and R.D. Yaro. 1994. Rural by Design: Maintaining Small Town Character. Chicago: American Planning Association . Burden, Dan . 2003 . Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center [online] . [cited 5 September 2003] . Available <http ://www.pedbikeimages.org> . City of Marquette Water Department. 2002 . Marquette Area Wastewater Treatment Facility - 2002 Annual Report [online] . [cited 5 September 2003] . Available <http://www.mqtcty.org/departments/ water/images/2002%20WWTP%20Annual%20Report.pdf> . Hough, Stansbury, Woodland Limited . 1991 . Winter Cities Design Manual. City of Sault Ste. Marie, Ministry of Municipal Affairs, Northern District of Ontario Professional Planners Institute. Lake Superior Community Partnership . 2003 . Michigan's Marquette County [onl ine] . [cited 10 October 2003] . Ava ilable <http://www.marquette .org/economic_dev/available .htm> . Livable Winter City Association (LWCA). 1991 . Livable Winter City Association Design Manual. Marquette General Health System (MGHS). 2003 . Marquette General Health System - Welcome [on line] . [cited 10 October 2003] . Available <http ://www.mgh .org/welcome2 .htm1> . Meck, S., R. Retzlaff, and J. Schwab. 2003 . Regional Approaches to Affordable Housing. Chicago : American Planning Association . Report #513/514. Michigan State University (MSU). 2000 . Program for Applied Demography and Ecology [online] . [cited 3 December 2003] . Available <http://www.pade .msu .edu> . Northern Planning Associates. 1999. Parks and Recreation Master Plan. City of Marquette, Michigan . Portland Office of Transportation . 2003 . Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center [onl ine] . [cited 5 September 2003] . Available <www.pedbikeimages.org> . Note: Facts related to "Chapter 2 - Historical Overview" were collected by the Northern Michigan University - Geography, Earth Science, Conservation and Planning Department for the 1996 Marquette Community Master Plan . References in this 1996 report were omitted, and therefore unavailable to be cited here. Marquette Master Plan - 2003 277 �Appendices APPENDICES The following appendices are provided : Appendix A - Community Survey and Results A copy of the community survey is provided with the accompanying summary results for the written survey, as well as the random telephone survey. Appendix B - SSOE Report of Findings A complete copy of the SSOE Traffic Study is provided . It contains detailed results of the traffic analysis conducted on each of the 31 study intersections. A description of the existing conditions, analysis results, and recommendations are provided for each intersection . Appendix C - Marquette Traffic Observations A complete copy of the traffic report submitted by Walter Kulash of Glatting, Jackson, Kercher, Anglin, Lopez, Rinehart, Inc. is provided . The report summarizes recommended modifications for the 5 early-action corridors, as well as general recommendations for improving Marquette's traffic network . Appendix D - Walkable Communities Element A complete copy of the Walkable Communities report submitted by Dan Burden of Walkable Communities, Inc. is provided . This report outlines Marquette's most significant issues and provides general definitions and examples of common walkability and traffic calming solutions . Burden also provides a detailed outline of existing conditions and recommended modifications for 15 of Marquette's traffic corridors. Appendix E - Harbor Master Plan A complete copy of the Harbor Master Plan is provided . This report prepared by JJR/Smith Group, outlines recommendations for how water related uses in Marquette's upper and lower harbors interact with land based activities. Inclusion of the Harbor Master Plan as an appendix of the Community Master Plan acknowledges its incorporation as an element of the community master plan . ,..._ , Marquette Master Plan - 2003 279 �APPENDIX A - COMMUNI1Y SURVEY 280 �CITY OF MARQUETTE MASTER PLAN Community Questionnaire Please mark. the box, circle or fill In the answer with a pen or pencil COMMUNITY Marquette needs to improve its sense of community? Marquette should provide additional recreation opportunities within the City? Marquette should provide additional cultural opportunities within the City? Marquette should enact local regulations, which result in quality land development? Marquette should maintain the historic appearance of our buildings? Should the City work with adjoining communities lo share the cost of commonly used services (e.g. Police fire, parks) and facilities? Wiat type of indoor or outdoor recreation actilAlies do you participate in the winier season? Write in Answer Is \Mnter a positive or negative attribute lo the living the community? SOMEWHAT SOMev.HAT AGREE AGREE DISAGREE DISAGREE □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ -.. □ POSITM NEGATM __.. 0 NO~ 0 Wly? Write in Answer Is there anything in the community you find IAsually displeasing? Write in Answer Do you feel the makeup of the community is changing? YES .. 0 □ □ □ □ AGREE SOMEWHAT AGREE SOMEWHAT DISAGREE DISAGREE If ''yes" above - How so? Write in Answer Should the City be more aggressive in designing improvements into its reconstruction projects for elderly and physically impaired individuals? NEIGHBORHOODS If you had an opportunity to move to another neighborhood in the City, would you? YES ----+ 0 NO ______. 0 D If ''Yes" above -Vvtiat Neighborhood? Write in Answer Should the City make allowances for limited retail uses in residential neighborhoods such as markets cafes etc.? Neighborhoods should have sidewalks and pathways for all age groups? How important are neighborhood concerns when impacted by institutional expansion? TRANSPORTATION Marquette should prolAde for more north-south street connections? Marquette should provide for more east-west street connections? Marquette should prolAde various non-motorized modes of transportation such as sidewalks, pathways, and bike paths? □ □ □ SOME'M-lAT SOMev.HAT AGREE AGREE DISAGREE DISAGREE □ □ □ □ NOT SOME'M-lAT VERY IMPORTANT IMPORTANT IMPORTANT □ □ □ SOMEVvHAT SOME'M-lAT AGREE AGREE DISAGREE DISAGREE □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ SOMEVvHAT SOMEWHAT AGREE AGREE DISAGREE DISAGREE The City should seek lo expand the tax base through commercial , office, and industrial development? □ □ □ □ □ □ Should the City promote the redevelopment of the Lower Harbor? □ □ 0 NEW__. 0 NO------. NO__. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Vvtial type of job opportunities are missing in the Marquette area? Write in Answer Should local economic development efforts primarily pursue new business or the expansion of existing businesses? EXISTING ~ Is Downtown shopping important lo you? YES .0 Should economic development be a local government priority? YES --.o 281 0 0 Marquette Master Plan - 2003 �SOMEWHAT SOMEWHAT AGREE AGREE DISAGREE DISAGREE Should the City enact a rental housing inspection program .? □ □ □ □ Is it important for the City to encourage residential development that preserves open s ace? □ □ □ □ YES ► 0 HOUSING IM'lat type of housing is missing in Marquette? Write in Answer Is student housing a problem in Marquette? N0--+O If "Yes" above - IM'ly? 1Nrite in Answer $76,000 -100,000 Marquette needs more of what price level of housing? Fill in One Circle 0 ENVIRONMENT Watersheds are large drainage areas, which empty into our streams, creeks, and eventually Lake Superior. ls the City doing enough to protect the water quality in the Dead River, Wietstone, Orianna 1 and Carp River watersheds? Are you in favor of enacting regulations, which protect Marquette's sensitive resources such as wetlands, steep slopes, streams, and creeks, which may Jim~ private property rights? 35-44 45-54 55-64 65- 74 75 Years or Older Please Mall To: City of Marquette Department of Community Development 300 Baraga Avenue Marquette, Ml 49855 THANKS FOR PAR71CIPA71NG IN THE MASTER PLAN PROCESS! 282 0 SOMEWHAT DISAGREE DISAGREE □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ YES ► 0 NO--+ 0 NOT SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT IMPORTANT VERY IMPORTANT □ □ □ ANY ADDITIONAL COMMENTS 21 - 34 0 OVER $225,000 SOMEWHAT AGREE How important is the preservation and public access along Lake Superior to you? 'What Age Group Are you In? Less Than 21 Years Old 0 $160 ,000 $225,000 AGREE Is the City doing enough to protect our environment? How Long Have You Lived in the City of Marquette? Less Than Five Years 5-10Years 11- 20 Years Over 20 Years $100,000 $150,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 �WRITTEN SURVEY - RESULTS 459 respondents completed the written survey. A summary of their responses is given below. SOMEWHAT SOMEWHAT AGREE AGREE DISAGREE DISAGREE 190 169 187 177 151 154 45 80 47 31 45 56 Marquette should maintain the historic appearance of our buildings? 283 341 92 72 32 17 33 20 Should the City work with adjoining communities to share the cost of commonly used services (e.g Police fire, parks) and facilities? 245 125 38 33 COMMUNITY Marquette needs to improve its sense of community? Marquette should provide additional recreation opportunities within the City? Marquette should provide additional cultural opportunities vvithin the City? Marquette should enact local regulations, which result in quality land development? What type of indoor or outdoor recreation activities do you participate 1n the winter season? Write in Answer Is Winter a positive or negative attribute to living in the community? POSITIVE ------. 372 NEGATIVE --+ 52 BOTH ~ 73 BOTH ~ 9 Why? Write in Answer Is there anything in the community you find visually displeasing? Write in Answer Do you feel the makeup of the community is changing? YES _ _ _ _ . 336 NO_. If "yes" above - How so? Write in Answer Should the City be more aggressive 1n designing improvements into its reconstruction projects for elderly and physically impaired individuals? SOMEWHAT SOMEWHAT AGREE AGREE DISAGREE DISAGREE 196 170 46 21 NEIGHBORHOODS If you had an opportunity to move to another neighborhood 1n the City, would you? __.1 02 YES NO _ . 325 If "Yes• above - What Neighborhood? Write in Answer Should the City make allowances for limited retail uses in residential neighborhoods such as markets. cafes. etc.? Neighborhoods should have sidewalks and pathways for all age groups? How important are neighborhood concerns when impacted by institutional expansion? TRANSPORTATION Marquette should provide for more north-south street connections? Marquette should provide for more east-west street connections? Marquette should provide various non-motorized modes of transportation such as sidewalks. pathways, and bike paths? AGREE SOMEWHAT AGREE SOMEWHAT DISAGREE DISAGREE 179 128 49 84 284 100 33 26 NOT SOMEWHAT VERY IMPORTANT IMPORTANT IMPORTANT 16 115 306 SOMEWHAT SOMEWHAT AGREE AGREE DISAGREE DISAGREE 123 101 108 111 80 91 107 108 311 89 18 19 SOMEWHAT SOMEWHAT AGREE AGREE DISAGREE DISAGREE The City should seek to expand the tax base through commercial. office. and industrial development? 207 135 38 46 Should the City promote the redevelopment of the Lower Harbor? 241 107 32 54 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT What type of job opportunities are missing in the Marquette area 7 Write in Answer Should local economic development efforts primarily pursue new business or the expansion of existing businesses? Is Downtown shopping important to you? EXISTING YES Should economic development be a local government priority? YES 283 ~ ----+ 136 NEW ----+ 183 334 NO_. _ _ . 333 NO _ . 98 85 BOTH BOTH --+- 85 ----.. 3 Marquette Master Plan - 2003 �SOMEWHAT SOMEWHAT AGREE AGREE DISAGREE DISAGREE Should the City enact a rental housing inspection program? 208 109 43 49 Is it important for the City to encourage residential development that preserves open s ace? 286 82 31 16 HOUSING What type of housing is missing in Marquette? Write in Answer Is student housing a problem in Marquette? YES - - . 180 No - - - . 162 If "Yes" above - Why? Write in Answer S7s,ooo · 100,000 215 Marquette needs more of what price level of housing? Fill in One Circle ENVIRONMENT Watersheds are large drainage areas, which empty into our streams, creeks, and eventually Lake Superior. Is the City doing enough to protect the water quality in the Dead River. Whetstone. Orianna, and Carp River watersheds? Are you in favor of enacting regulations. which protect Marquette's sensitive resources such as wetlands, steep slopes, streams, and creeks, which may limit private property ri hts? Is the City doing enough to protect our environment? How important is the preservation and public access along Lake Superior to you? 284 S100,000 · S150,000 S150,000 · OVER s22s.ooo S22S,OOO 87 17 6 SOMEWHAT SOMEWHAT AGREE AGREE DISAGREE DISAGREE 96 138 65 81 243 79 38 59 YES - . . 178 N0 - - - . 195 NOT SOMEWHAT VERY IMPORTANT IMPORTANT IMPORTANT 5 45 372 �TELEPHONE SURVEY - RESULTS 380 residents were selected at random to participate in a telephone survey. A summary of their responses is given below. COMMUNITY Marquette needs to improve ,ts sense of commuMy 1 Marquette should provide add1t1onal recreation opportun1t1es wrth,n the Cny? Marquette should provide add1t1onal cultural opportun1t1eswrth1n the Crty? Marquette should enact local regulations, which result 1n qualrty land development? Marquette should ma1nta1n the historic appearance of our buildings? Should the C,ty work with adio1ning communrt,es to share the cost of commonly used services (e g Police fire, parks) and fac11it1es 1 is SOMEWHAT AGREE DISAGREE DISAGREE KNOW 123 188 214 53 39 54 50 29 13 124 111 84 30 13 15 206 324 44 26 19 4 63 22 48 4 44 76 150 26 256 Is Winter a posrtive or negative attribute to living in the community? Do you feel the makeup of the communrty SOI\IEWHAT AGREE 41 l'05ITM ---+ 304 Yf5--. 230 chang1ng 1 Should the City be more aggressive in designing improvements into ,ts reconstruction pro1ects for elderly and physical~ impaired 1nd,v1duals1 DON'T 13 NEGA1M NO -+ -----+ DON'T SOMEWHAT SOMEWHAT AGREE AGREE DISAGREE DISAGREE KNOW 206 51 21 65 37 NEIGHBORHOODS If you had an opportunity to move to another neighborhood in the City. would you? YU - - + 91 NO----+ 289 SOI\IEWHAT SOMEWHAT AGREE AGREE DISAGREE DISAGREE KNOW Should the City make allowances for l,mrted retail uses 1n res1dent1al neighborhoods such as markets, ca fes, etc ? 183 47 27 106 17 Neighborhoods should have sidewalks and pathways for all age groups? 314 22 10 30 4 How important are neighborhood concerns when impacted by 1nst1tut1onal expansion? lRANSPORTATION Marquette should provide for more north-south street connections? Marquette should provide for more east-west street connect,ons 1 Marquette should provide var,ous non-motorized modes of transportation such as sidewalks, pathways, and bike paths 1 NOT SOI\IEWHAT VERY IMPORTANT IMPORTANT I MPORTANT 36 149 195 DON'T SOI\IEWHAT SOMEWHAT AGREE AGREE DISAGREE DISAGREE KNOW 142 108 18 23 35 36 143 166 42 47 271 24 12 64 9 DON'T SOI\IEWHAT SOMEWHAT AGREE AGREE DISAGRE E D ISAGREE KNOW The Crty should seek to expand the tax base through commercial. office, and industrial development? 217 46 13 70 34 Should the City promote the redevelopment of the Lower Harbor? 255 38 14 56 17 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Should local economic development efforts primarily pursue new business or the expans,on of ex1stin9 businesses? ----+ 142 YU--. 213 YU ._____.335 EXIST1NG Is Downtown shopping important to you? Should economic development be a local government priority? 285 NEW NO DON'T ---+ 238 -----+ 167 NO-----+ 45 Marquette Master Plan - 2003 �SOMEWHAT SOMEWHAT AGREE AGREE DISAGREE DISAGREE KNOW Should the City enact a rental housing InspectIon program' 236 22 15 91 16 Is ~ important for the City to encourage residential development that preserves open s ace' 322 27 5 19 7 HOUSING YB Is student housing a problem In Marquette' - - + 124 ENVIRONMENT Watersheds are large drainage areas, which empty into our streams, creeks, and eventually Lake Supenor Is the C~y doing enough to protect the water qualfy In the Dead River, Whetstone, Orianna, and Care River watersheds, Are you in favor of enacting regulations, which protect Marquette's sensitive resources such as wetlands, steep slopes, streams, and creeks, which may limit private property nqhts 0 Is the City doing enough to protect our environ men\? $100,000- $150,000 - O\/l:R DON'T $75,000 $150,000 $225,000 $225,000 KNOW 34 210 75 10 4 47 SOMEWHAT SOMEWHAT AGREE AGREE DISAGREE DISAGREE KNOW 135 36 25 104 80 266 33 10 49 22 YB ► 224 SOMEWHAT VERY IMPORTANT IMPORTANT lllll'ORTANT 8 46 326 How Long Have You Lived in the City of Marquette, Less Than Five Years 5 - 10 Years 11 - 20 Years Over 20 Years 76 67 70 167 What Age Group Are you In, 21 - 34 65- 74 100 88 116 63 3 75 Years or Older 8 Refused 2 35 -44 45 - 54 55 - 64 DON'T -~ NO----+ 156 N OT How important 1s the preservation and public access along Lake Superior to you? 286 NO----+ 2 56 $75,000 · 100,000 LE SS THAN Marquette needs more of what price level of housing, Fill in One Cirde DON'T tk'; t"'' ·' ('\ �APPENDIX B - SSOE REPORT OF FINDINGS 288 �Report of Findings Traffic Study City of Marquette, Ml For the purposes of this study, the existing conditions at the intersections were defined as the existing traffic volumes, existing traffic controls and existing geometrics (number of lanes etc). The synchro model was built for two (2) peak periods AM (morning peak hour) and PM (evening peak hour) using the geometric and traffic data collected by U.P. Engineers & Architects Inc. The peak period was determined based on the traffic data collected . This report summarizes the existing traffic conditions, analysis results during the peak hour and recommendations at each study intersection, followed by the overall recommendations to improve traffic safety and walkable conditions for the City of Marquette. The analysis results are expressed using Level of Service, Intersection Capacity Utilization and Intersection Delay. 8. DEFINITIONS Level of Service (LOS) is a qualitative measure to describe operational conditions within a traffic stream and the perception of traffic operational conditions by motorists and passengers. Averaae Vehicle Delay (Sec) Levels Of Service A Less or Equal 10.0 10.1 to20.0 20.1 to 35.0 35.1 to 55.0 55.1 to 80.0 Greater than 80.0 B C D E F Intersection Capacity Utilization (ICU) gives insight into how an intersection is functioning and how much capacity is available to handle traffic fluctuations and incidents. ICU 0 to 60% >60% to 70% >70% to 80% >80% to 90% >90% to 100% >100% to 110% >110% to 120% >120% 291 Level of Service A 8 C D E F G H Marquette Master Plan - 2003 �Report of Findings Traffic Study City of Marquette, Ml Intersection Delay is the average control delay for the signalized intersection and it is calculated by taking a volume weighted average of all the delays. Delay is presented in seconds. INTERSECTION SUMMARY A. 1 McClellan Ave & Wright St (Future) Existing Condition: This is an Un-Signalized T-intersection , with One Way Stop Control on the Cemetery Drive and Free Flow condition on Wright Street. Observations of vehicles traveling at speeds not condusive to walkability were made. Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 0.1 seconds with Level of Service "A", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "A" during PM peak in its present geometrics. Recommendations: This intersection will change significantly when McClellan Avenue is extended . This intersection could be considered for a possible traffic signal when McClellan is connected to Wright Street. An alternate consideration could also be a roundabout as an entry point to the City of Marquette and for Traffic Calming on Wright Street. A.2 Fair Ave & McClellan Ave (C.9} Existing Condition: This is an Un-signalized intersection , with Four Way Stop Control. Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 33.2 seconds with Level of Service "C", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "C" during the PM peak. 292 �Report of Findings Traffic Study City of Marquette, Ml Recommendations: This intersection should be considered initially for a traffic signal with westbound left turn phase and northbound right turn overlap (RTOL) . The intersection should be re-striped when this phasing is installed. During the McClellan connection to Wright Street, this intersection could also be considered for a possible roundabout. The private drive at the NE corner of the intersection should be removed , due to potential conflict with the bike path as well as potential vehicular conflicts in the intersection . A.3 McClellan Ave & Ridge St Existing Condition: This is an Un-signalized intersection , with Two Way Stop Control on Ridge St and Free Flow condition on McClellan Ave . The sight distance on the north east corner is restricted by vehicles parked on private property. Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 7.9 seconds with Level of Service "A", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "A" during the PM peak. Recommendations: The left turn lanes on Ridge Street should be aligned to remove the interlock. Crosswalk in either brick (for enhancement) or thermoplastic should be considered for safe pedestrian movement across the intersection . The parking on the private property on the northeast corner should be relocated adjacent to the building to improve site distances. The intersection could be studied in the future for possible signalization . A.4 McClellan Ave & Washington St Existing Condition: This is a Signalized intersection . The existing traffic signal is a 2 phase with span wire installation . There are very long crosswalks across Washington Street on both sides of McClellan Avenue . 293 Marquette Master Plan - 2003 �Report of Findings Traffic Study City of Marquette, Ml Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 17.8 seconds with Level of Service "B", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "B" during the PM peak. Pedestrian clearance time is very long due to the width of Washington Street. Recommendations: This intersection should be considered for an actuated left turn phase for Washington Street. Smaller corner radii should be considered for improving walkability movement across the intersection . Another alternative would be to consider pedestrian traffic islands in the intersection . Crosswalk markings should be thermoplastic for all four crosswalks. A.5 McClellan Ave & US 41 Existing Condition: This is a Signalized dual intersection with two signal phases, on a US Route with Michigan Left Turns occuring outside the intersection. Pedestrians were observed and no pavement markings or pedestrian signals are present. Pedestrian activity was noted even during the winter season . Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The intersection experiences delay of 12.8 seconds with Level of Service "B", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "A" during the PM peak. Recommendations: The intersection should have pedestrian signals. These could be placed in the center islands. The island areas should have concrete walks also. Pedestrian islands could be considered on each side of McClellan Ave on the north and south side of the intersection . A.6 Grove St & McClellan Ave Existing Condition: This is a flasher only signalized intersection, with Four Way Stop Control. 294 �Report of Findings Traffic Study City of Marquette, M~ Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The intersection experiences a Level of Service "C", during the PM peak. Recommendations: The left turn lanes on Grove Street should be aligned to remove the interlock. This intersection should be considered for a possible 2 phase traffic signal. Thermoplastic pavement markings should be added due to the bike route. A.7 McClellan Ave & Pioneer Rd Existing Condition: This is a flasher only signalized intersection , with Two Way Stop Control on Pioneer Rd and Free Flow condition on McClellan Ave. Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the AM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 2.6 seconds with Level of Service "A", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "A" during the AM peak. Recommendations: Thermoplastic markings should be added due· to the bike route along McClellan Avenue. This intersection should be monitored for future traffic changes. A.8 County Rd 553 & McClellan Ave. Existing Condition: This is a flasher only signalized intersection, with One Way Stop Control on the County Rd 553 and Free Flow condition on McClellan Ave . Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 7.2 seconds with Level of Service "A", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "A" during the PM peak. Recommendations: This intersection should be considered for a possible future traffic signal , especially if the roadway is extended through to the west. Thermoplastic pavement markings should be added due to the bike route. 295 Marquette Master Plan - 2003 �ffiB B.1 Report of Findings Traffic Study Presque Isle Ave & Wright St. Existing Condition: This is a flasher only signalized intersection. It has a Two Way Stop Control on the Wright St and a Free Flow condition on Presque Isle Ave . Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 11.5 seconds with Level of Service "B", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "C" during the PM peak. Recommendations: Upon the Wright street connection to Lakeshore is recommended for a traffic signal with actuation on Wright Street. Pedestrian Traffic Signals and Crosswalks should be considered with this improvement. This. intersection should be considered for re-striping to add a northbound left turn lane and southbound right .,.. turn lane on Presque Isle Ave. B.2 Fair Ave & Presque Isle Ave(C.3} ,,.. ,.-----__ Existing Condition: This is an Un-signalized T-intersection , with One Way Stop Control on the Fair Ave and Free Flow condition on Presque Isle Ave . Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the AM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 7.6 seconds with Level of Service "A", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "A" during the AM peak. Recommendations: Since this intersection is also a gateway to the entrance to the Northern Michigan University, should also be considered for a roundabout. If roundabout is not ~ constructed , this intersection should be considered for a possible traffic signal in the future. This signal phasing should have a right turn overlap at the same time as the Fair Avenue signal phase to improve intersection efficiency. 296 .,..---.._ ,_..._ �Report of Findings Traffic Study Ci~ of Marquette, Ml B.3 Kaye Ave & Presque Isle Ave (C.4) Existing Condition: This is a Signalized intersection. The signal is a 2 Phase span wire installation . Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 14.3 seconds with Level of Service "B", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "B" during the PM peak. Recommendations: The left turn lanes on Presque Isle Ave should be aligned to remove the interlock. This intersection should also be re-striped to add a southbound right turn lane on Presque Isle Ave. The traffic signal could also be modified to a three phase with an eastbound left turn phase and a southbound right turn overlap (RTOL). B.4 College Ave & Presque Isle Ave Existing Condition: This is a Signalized intersection. The signal is a 2 Phase span wire installation . Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 15.1 seconds with Level of Service "B", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "A" during the PM peak. Recommendations: This intersection should be considered for re-striping the intersection to add a southbound right turn lane, left turn lanes on northbound and southbound on Presque Isle Ave. The traffic signal could be modified to a three phase with an eastbound left turn phase and a southbound right turn overlap (RTOL) . B. 5 Fourth St & Hewitt Ave. Existing Condition: This is an Un-signalized intersection, with Two Way Stop Control on the Hewitt Avenue and Free Flow condition on Fourth Street. 297 Marquette Master Plan - 2003 �Report of Findings Traffic Study City of Marquette, MI ,r A ,.,,,..... Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 3.6 seconds with Level of Service "A", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "C" during the PM peak. Recommendations: The east approach of Hewitt Ave. should be considered for narrowing to align with the west approach to provide for a walkability improvement at the intersection. The crosswalks should be improved with brick (for enhancement) or thermoplastic. B. 6 Fourth St. & Ridge St. Existing Condition: This is an Un-signalized intersection , with Two Way Stop Control on the Ridge Street and Free Flow condition on Fourth Street. Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The ... r"". ... ,.,..--._ intersection experiences a delay of 2 seconds with Level of Service "A", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "A" during the PM peak. Recommendations: The curb extension should be considered for walkability movements in the intersection. The crosswalks should also be improved by brick (for enhancement) or thermoplastic for visibility. B. 7 Fourth St & Washington St Existing Condition: This is a Signalized intersection. The signal is a 2 Phase span wire installation . ~ " Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 15.3 seconds with Level of Service "B", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "B" during the PM peak. 298 • �ffi:B Report of Findings Traffic Study - City of Marquette, -- Ml . . . Recommendations: This intersection should be considered for re-striping the intersection to add a southbound right turn lane on Fourth Street. The traffic signal phasing could be modified to a three phase with an eastbound left turn phase and a southbound right turn overlap (RTOL) . B. 8 Baraga St & Fourth St Existing Condition: This is an Un-signalized intersection , with Two Way Stop Control on the Baraga Street and Free Flow condition on Fourth Street. Baraga Street is a very wide street with angle parking. Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the AM Peak. The intersection experiences a of 4 seconds with Level of Service "A", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "A" during the AM peak. Recommendations: Since the intersection contains the municipal offices and a church , curb extensions on all four corners should be considered to increase the walkability environment at the intersection. A four-way stop control could also be considered for traffic calming . B.9 Fisher St & Fourth St Existing Condition: This is an Un-signalized intersection, with Two Way Stop Control on the Fisher Street and Free Flow condition on Fourth Street. There is a significant short cutting movements between north Fourth and west Fisher Street. Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 12.9 seconds with Level of Service "B", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "B" during the PM peak. 299 Marquette Master Plan - 2003 �Report of Findings Traffic Study Ci~ of Marquette, MI Recommendations: This intersection should be considered for re-striping the intersection to add an i;;' eastbound and westbound left turn lane on Fisher Street. The drive on Fisher Street could be relocated to be widened drive north on Fourth Street to improve the safety of the intersection . C.1 Fair Ave & Lakeshore Blvd Existing Condition: Th is is an Un-signalized T-intersection , with One Way Stop Control on the Fair Ave and Free Flow condition on Lakeshore Blvd. Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the AM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 4.6 seconds with Level of Service "A", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "A" during the AM peak. Recommendations: Curb extensions along Fair Ave should be considered for safer pedestrian S' movement across the intersection. The intersection could also be realigned to produce traffic calming and lower travel speeds on Lakeshore Blvd . If the intersection is realigned , it should be a three-way stop control. C.2 Fair Ave & Pine St Existing Condition: This is an Un-signalized intersection , with Four Way Stop Control (Flashers). Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 9.1 seconds with Level of Service "A", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "A" during the PM peak. Recommendations: Curb extensions on Fair Ave should be considered for safer pedestrian movement across the intersection , along with thermoplastic markings or brick crosswalks (for enhancement) . 300 ~ �Report of Findings Traffic Study City of Marquette, MI C.3 Fair Ave & Presque Isle Ave (B.2) Existing Condition: This is an Un-signalized T-intersection , with One Way Stop Control on the Fair Ave and Free Flow condition on Presque Isle Ave. Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the AM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 7.6 seconds with Level of Service "A", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "A" during the AM peak. Recommendations: Since this intersection is also a gateway to the entrance to the Northern Michigan University, should also be considered for a roundabout. If roundabout is not constructed, this intersection should be considered for a possible traffic signal in the future. This signal phasing should have a right turn overlap at the same time as the Fair Avenue signal phase to improve intersection efficiency. C.4 Kaye Ave & Presque Isle Ave (B.3) Existing Condition: This is a Signalized intersection. The signal is a 2 Phase span wire installation. Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 14.3 seconds with Level of Service "B", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "B" during the PM peak. Recommendations: The left turn lanes on Presque Isle Ave should be aligned to remove the interlock. This intersection should also be re-striped to add a southbound right turn lane on Presque Isle Ave . The traffic signal could also be modified to a three phase with an eastbound left turn phase and a southbound right turn overlap (RTOL). 301 Marquette Master Plan - 2003 �Report of Findings Traffic Study City of Marquette, MI C.5 Hebard Court Kaye Ave & Lee Dr Existing Condition: This is an Un-signalized intersection , with Two Way Stop Control on the Hebard Drive and Lee Drive and Free Flow condition on Kaye Avenue. Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 6.1 seconds with Level of Service "A", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "A" during the PM peak. --.,--... Recommendations: Curb extensions along Kaye Ave should be considered for safer pedestrian movement across the intersection . Sidewalks should also be constructed along the south side of Kaye Ave. Intersection should be re-s.triped for adding aligned left turn lanes on Kaye Avenue. C.6 Elizabeth Hardin Circle Dr(W) & fh St (D.1) Existing Condition : This is an Un-signalized T-intersection , with One Way Stop Control on the Elizabeth Hardin Circle Drive and Free Flow condition on y'h Street. There is a significant amount of pedestrian traffic just to the north . There is also on-street parking on the east side of 7hStreet during the time when the University is in session . Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the AM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 5.4 seconds with Level of Service "A", and 0 Intersection Capacity Utilization "A" during the AM peak. ~ 302 �ffi:B Report of Findings Traffic Study City . of Marquette, MI Recommendations: This intersection should be considered for re-aligning Elizabeth Hardin Circle Drive to south and connection through Kaye Avenue. This will provide connectivity of a collector street to the east and the west . The intersection should be re-examined after the connection is made. An initial thought is for a four-way stop control due to expected high pedestrian activity from North Michigan University. Crosswalks in either brick (for enhancement) or thermoplastic should be considered for safer pedestrian movement across the intersection . C. 7 Bizabeth Harden Circle Dr (WJ & Fair Ave Existing Condition: This is an Un-signalized T-intersection , with One Way Stop Control on the Elizabeth Hardin Circle Drive and Free Flow condition on Fair Avenue. Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 3.8 seconds with Level of Service "A", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "A" during the PM peak. Recommendations: Thermoplastic pavement markings or brick (for enhancement) on Fair Avenue should be considered . Curb extensions on Fair Ave should be considered for safe pedestrian movement within the intersection . C.8 Fair Ave & Lincoln Ave Existing Condition: This is a Signalized intersection . The signal is a 2 Phase span wire installation that is connected via over head electrical cable to the traffic signal at Lincoln Ave & College Ave. A high school exists immediately to the west of this intersection . There is only one left turn lane for east bound traffic. Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 11.7 seconds with Level of Service "B", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "A" during the PM peak. 303 Marquette Master Plan - 2003 �Report of Findings Traffic Study Ci~ of Margu~tte, _Ml_ Recommendations: This intersection should be considered for adding northbound , southbound and westbound left turn lanes_ It is recommended that the west approach should be w idened to add an eastbound right turn lane. The traffic signal should be placed on a separate controller than the one at Lincoln Ave & College Ave, then it could be modified to a three phase with a northbound left turn phase and a eastbound right turn overlap (RTOL)_ C.9 Fair Ave & McClellan Ave (A.2) Existing Condition: This is an Un-signalized intersection , with Four Way Stop Control. Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 33.2 seconds with Level of Service "C", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "C" during the PM peak. Recommendations: This intersection should be considered initially for traffic signal with westbound left turn phase and northbound right turn overlap (RTOL). The intersection should be re-striped when this phasing is installed_ During the McClellan connection to Wright Street, this intersection could also be considered for a possible / 7""\ roundabout. The private drive at the NE corner of the intersection should be removed , due to potential conflict with the bike path as well as potential vehicular conflicts in the intersection _ D. 1 Elizabeth Hardin Circle Dr (W) & th St (C. 6) Existing Condition: This is an Un-signalized T-intersection , with One Way Stop Control on the Elizabeth Hardin Circle Drive and Free Flow condition on ylh Street. There is a significant amount of pedestrian traffic just to the north. There is also on-street parking on the east side of yt h Street during the time when the University is in session . 304 '~ �Report of Findings Traffic Study City of Marquette, MI Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the AM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 5.4 seconds with Level of Service "A", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "A" during the AM peak. Recommendations: This intersection should be considered for re-aligning Elizabeth Hardin Circle Drive to south and connection through Kaye Avenue. This will provide connectivity of a collector street to the east and the west. The intersection should be re-examined after the connection is made. An initial thought is for a four-way stop control due to expected high pedestrian activity from North Michigan University. Crosswalks in either brick (for enhancement) or thermoplastic should be considered for safer pedestrian movement across the intersection . D.2 College Ave & fh St Existing Condition: This is a Signalized intersection . The signal is a 2 Phase span wire installation. Residential homes and sidewalks exist on all four corners. Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 10.3 seconds with Level of SeNice "B", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "A" during the PM peak. Recommendations: Align left turn lanes on College Avenue to remove interlock. Crosswalk in either brick (for enhancement) or thermoplastic should be installed for walkability and pedestrian movements within the intersection. Signal Progression on ? th Street between College Ave and Magnetic Avenue should be designed to improve the corridor performance on y'h Street. D.3 Magnetic Ave & fh St Existing Condition: This is a Signalized intersection . The signal is a 2 Phase span wire installation. Residential homes and sidewalks exist on all four corners. 305 Marquette Master Plan - 2003 �ffiE Report of Findings Traffic Study Cig of Marguette, Ml Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 10.2 seconds with Level of Service "B", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "A" during the PM peak. Recommendations: Consider adding and aligning left turn lanes on all four approaches at this intersection. Crosswalks in either brick (for enhancement) or thermoplastic should be installed for walkability and pedestrian movements within the intersection . Signal Progression on yth Street between College Ave and Magnetic Avenue should be designed to improve the corridor performance on the ylh Street. This intersection should also be examined for possible re-phasing if College Ave is closed to the east. D.4 Ridge St & fh St Existing Condition: This is an Un-signalized T-intersection , with One Way Stop Control on the Ridge Street and Free Flow condition on ylh Street. Sidewalks exist on the east side of ylh Street and the west side south of Ridge Street along the cemetery. Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 1.0 seconds with Level of Service "A", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "A" during the PM peak. Recommendations: If pedestrian activity warrants this intersection could be considered for possible future signal with pedestrian and vehicular actuation . Ridge Street should have pavement markings to add a separate left and right turn lane. Thermoplastic crosswalk markings should also be added on the east side of ylh Street and across ylh to the concrete landing area. 306 �Report of Findings Traffic Study Cit;y of Marquette, MI D.5 fh St & Washington St Existing Condition: This is an Un-signalized T-intersection , with One Way Stop Control on the y!h Street and Free Flow condition on Washington Street. Sidewalks approach the north side of the intersection from along Washington and from the park on the northwest corner. Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 3.4 seconds with Level of Service "A", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "B" during the PM peak. Recommendations: y!h Street is recommended to be connected between Washington Street and • • • • • Spring Street. This will provide connectivity of a collector street to the south. This intersection should then be considered for a possible 2 phase traffic signal to include pedestrian signals. The intersection should then be re-striped for left turn lanes on all approaches. Thermoplastic or brick (for enhancement) crosswalks should be included with the intersection improvements . D.6 Spring St & th St Existing Condition: This is an Un-signalized T-intersection, with Yield Control on the y!h Street and Free Flow condition on Spring Street. Sidewalks are on the south side of the intersection and approach from the northeast. Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 7.8 seconds with Level of Service "A", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "A" during the PM peak. 307 Marquette Master Plan - 2003 �ERE Report of Findings Traffic Study Citf.of Marguette, Ml_ Recommendations: ?'h Street is recommended to be connected between Washington Street and Spring Street. This will provide connectivity of a collector street to the south. This intersection should then be considered for a Two Way Stop Control on Spring Street and free flow on ylh Street. Thermoplastic or brick (for enhancement) crosswalks should be included with the intersection improvements. Parking conditions on ylh Street between Spring St and Fisher St should be reviewed when y'h Street is connected to Washington Street. D.7 Fisher St, Grove St & fh St Existing Condition: This is an Un-signalized intersection, with a Two Way Stop Control on south and north approach, a Yield Control on west approach and Free Flow condition on east approach. Sidewalks exist on the north side of the intersection and to the east on Fisher. No sidewalks exist on Grove between Fisher & Us 41 . Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 16.7 seconds with Level of Service "B", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "A" during the PM peak. Recommendations: The west approach Yield control should be changed to Stop control. When the connection of i h Street is made between Spring St and Washington St the intersection should be re-aligned and considered for possible signalization. Pavement markings should be added at that time and parking on y'h Street between Fisher Street and Spring Street should be reviewed . Sidewalks should be added on the northwest side of Grove between Fisher and US 41 at that time. 308 �Report of Findings Traffic Study City of Marquette, Ml D.8 ~ Grove St & US 41 Existing Condition: This is a Signalized dual intersection with coordinated phasing running from one controller, on span wire installation . An intersection of Homestead street/Anderson Street exists just south of this intersection . Sidewalks exist from Homestead street south of the intersection . Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The intersection experiences a delay of 22.2 seconds with Level of Service "C", and Intersection Capacity Utilization "A" during the PM peak. Recommendations: Pedestrian signals and thermoplastic pavement markings should be installed . Sidewalks should be added along the northwest side of Grove Street between US 41 and Fisher St in the future . This signal phasing at the intersection should be re-examined after the ylh Street connection between Washington Street and Spring Street is made. E.1 US 41 W, US 41 S & Front St Existing Condition: This is an intersection of US 41 and Front Street, with One Stop and Two Yield Controls. There are free flow conditions for the westbound right turn, northbound southbound through movement and eastbound right turn . Concrete sidewalks existing on the east side of the intersection and an asphalt bike path/sidewalk exist on the west side . No pedestrian pavement markings exist within the intersection. Analysis Results: The intersection experiences the highest traffic volume during the PM Peak. The north to west left turn experiences a delay of 118.5 seconds during the PM peak, which is very significant. 309 Marquette Master Plan - 2003 �ffi:B Report of Findings Traffic Study City of Marquette, Ml Recommendations: A level of service improvement can be significantly made by reducing the delay experienced by the north to west left turn movement by changing to a Stop Control from a Yield Control followed with free flow condition at the immediate next intersection, and a Stop control should be considered for westbound left turn movement going to Front Street. This intersection should be considered for a possible roundabout as: 1. This intersection being one of the entrances to the City, located near the lake shore can serve as a welcoming point. 2. It reduces the delay experienced by the north to west left turn movements at the intersection . 3. It improving the safety of the intersection by reducing the conflict. 4. It improves the overall performance of the intersection. 310 tif' �ffiB Report of Findings Traffic Study City of Marquette, MI .SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS I I II j I I I I 1 I l r j r-- i ·; I j :1 Jresque Isle 4lh&He - -4Th&Rid 4th rwa"siifu - 4Tii&iiar'a 1tii&Fi.s - - - - - ' I - 311 Marquette Master Plan - 2003 �ffiB Report of Findings Traffic Study City of Ma~~e~e, MI . STUDY RECOMMENDATIONS A TRAFFIC SAFETY Based on the overall traffic analysis conducted for the City of Marquette, SSOE proposes the following recommendations for improving the safety and better traffic flow conditions of vehicular traffic . B. • Roundabout at Key Entrance Locations • Modifying Intersection Pavement Marking with Improved Traffic Signal Phasing • Align Left Turn Lanes • Thermoplastic Pavement Markings • Traffic Signal Progression • LED Signal Lamp Upgrade • Speed Limit Signing Program Citywide • Street Name Signing Program Citywide • Access Management Program Citywide WALKABLE COMMUNITY SSOE understands that City of Marquette aims at a walkable community. SSOE proposes the following recommendations for improving the safety and better traffic flow conditions of pedestrian and bikeway traffic. • Sidewalks along all designated pedestrian corridors • Brick Crosswalks (Raised) OR Thermoplastic Crosswalk • Curb-Extensions at end of parking areas • Smaller Corner Radii • Pedestrian Push-Buttons with Larger Walk Signals at all Signalized Locations. • Continuity of Bike Paths • Bus-Bay Design . 312 ,, �APPENDIX C- MARQUETTE TRAFFIC OBSERVATIONS 314 �,::n..H I I .1.l't\::I vf-1~.:JUI~ r ~c. tJ.a. GL~TTING. JACKSON K'.E.R.CHl>ll ANGLIN [C LOPEZ RlNJlH.,,R.'l' MEMORANDUM VIA FACSIMILE · WilllmiJ.Anglin,Jr. 734.663.6759 DavidLBactlt Jay H. l!Jrum Jack P. Clatting C..roy S, Hayo Jay R.Hood 11modly T. Jacmn r,m November 25, 2002 TO: John lacoangeli FROM: Walter Kulash RE: Marquette Traffi_c Observations C. Ke.tebc,:,Jr. Walter M-KulJ$h , SiatQn JC. Lam&ntia , DATE: S. Raymond ~pcz John H. P=v · GJ#l 7092.01 Jokn 'E IUnchut Gi,,gory A. B,yb Duid i:LClau, Cbatlet P. Cobble S1unmary -iichael R. Cochran Jeffrey S. Collliu !Ucb.rd .B- Durr,Jr. .Bruce c.H,Jl David M, Kutner Prank A.,Jttkicwki Gail D. locey Thank you for the opportunity to work with you on BRI's Marquette Master Plan Update. · The town is delightful, and, with respect to transportation, is moving in the right direction in many ways. The study tean-i, iit particular Ray Norris of SSOE and Pat Coleman of UP Engineers, is completely attuned to our view of the proper balance bet\\'.een moving traffic and gaini~g all of the other qualities of great streets. William 0. Litet Edward J. Mcl(il\l)ey .n J. McMacken,Jr. . b<>11sfas A. Mc~l"I' Job.II J. Moote JU Our summary conclusions are as follows: • The five corridors identified for early action are all worthy. high priority candidates. They are important streets, of greatly different character, with ample room for improvement. • Extension and connection- of streets are all-important. The City has a traditional street pattern (highly connected grid), has grown its street system in a traditional pattern in ~e _recent past, and should definitely continue that pattern of growth. • The US 41/28 intersection, a product • New residential streets need not be more than 26-28 feet in width. With proper parkway and sidewalk placement, this width of street will not only accommodate more efficient snow removal, but will present a far more attractive appearance during the majority of the year when there is no snow removal activity. lmothy IL Palermo 'I'rcry P. RIJIS Jodi t. P..utllW1n Kelley J, Samuel, Pe1er C. Se<ihler Nalban P. Slln Lt11r, K. 'lurner fl.onal4 i.. lJrblniu c;.w.4e Wa.lktr G.ryl:!.Wm1e.r C~•..,•11/ly Pl•••••t 33 But Pine Street · Orlando, Florid& 32801 of an earlier generation of traffic planning, is due for a reworking into a more "town"- like configuration. P: 407 843 6SS2 P: -407 839 1789 www.glottiJlc.ca m Glatting Jackson Kercher Anglin Lopez Rinehart, Inc. Page 1 .oae # EB 000$812. LC CO00049 315 Marquette Master Plan - 2003 �• A stated policy of no more than two lanes on all streets (except those already wider) is a highly appropriate action for the City. Much of the City's appeal derives from the current absence of multi-lane streets (i.e., more than two lanes). Continued improvement in traffic service can be as readily obtained from continuation of current actions, such as exte~ion of the street network and intersectioll improvements, as from road widening. The Five Early Action Corridors Each of the five high priority corridors being considered for improvement is a good choice for early action. The detailed traffic analysis done in previous planning activity has long · supported these corridors for improvement. Our own review and on-site inspection confirms, in every ·way, that these are good choices for early action. The Kaye/Fair Avenue Connection and Continnity- We agree wholeheartedly with the value of connecting the two fragments of Fair Avenue, one to either side of the campus, i11to a continuous street, such that east/west travel on Fair Avenue to and past the NMU campus can be accomplished without turning movements around the campll.6, now needed. This connection will do much to address the problems that are becoming increasingly apparent on the perimeter streets (Kaye Avenue, North 4th Street, Wright Street and Lincoln Avenue (around the NMU ''superblock"): These problems include increased traffic volumes around the perimeter roads by through traffic (i.e., without destination on the campus) having to circumven.t the campus, increased traffic volumes on the perimeter road due to can1pus traffic having to go out of direction to reach a desired parking destination, turning movements at "T" intersections (for example, North 4th Street/Fair Avenue) where through movement through . the campus has been terminated and increased turning move1nents from the border ~treets into campus parking lots. · as The Kaye/Fair Avenue connection and continuity is particularly important, given that two land uses -- the NMU campus to the north and the cemetery to the south - interrupt the continuity of other nearby east/west streets. Because of these interruptions in east/west streets, the nearest arterial connection to the north (Wright Street) is almost one-half mile to the north of the Kaye/Fair Avenue corridor, while the nearest arterial connection to the south (Washington Street) is around three quarters of a mHe distant to the south. North 7th Street Connection - Connecting North 7th Street from its current ending at Washington Street southward, by a distance of about 2/ l 0ths of a mile to an intersection with US 41, is a street connection action that promises to yield a very large benefit for a relatively small cost, both in tenns of construction and property taking. A long-standing shortcoming of the US 41 "bypass" ~as the lack of connection to north/south streets m:Marquette. At the time of the completion of the US 41 bypass, downtown Marquette appeared to be the major destination needing connection, and was well served, either by Business 41 or Fisher Street. Glatting Jackson Kercher Anglin Lopez Rinehart, Inc. :Page 2 316 �[C Mote recently, two other destinations to the west of downtown - NMU and the hospital ~ have become the City's fastest growing attractors of travel. However, their sole connection to US 41 continues to be through downtown. Extension of 7th Street would be a major step in providing more access to NMU and the hospital. It would, at a single stroke, essentially· double the capacity from US 41 to the two high growth travel attractors (i.e., NMU and the hospital). · · at A new signalized connection, Seventh Street and US 41, should by no means be considered as a threat to the mobility for through traffic on US 41. Nor is a new signalized intersection in any sense a beginning of a "proliferation" of access onto US 41, eroding its value as a bypass for through traffic. Connecting 7th Street to US 41 at a signalized intersection is a carefully planned action that diffuses the traffic to a greater number of US 41 intersections. Creating new public streets, with a high degree of connection and continuity, is a far cry from the ..proliferation'; of access that results from strip development, such as that now blighting US 41 outside the city. We should be careful not to confuse the two types of access. Lake Shore Boulevard Traffic. Calming and Parkway Design - Several rapidly~evolving factors make Lake Shore Boulevard into one of the most spectacular waterfront reclamation projects in the Great Lakes, and·possibly in the entire U.S.: (1) the ..anchoring" of Lakeshore Boulevard by an outstanding park to .t he north, and a revitalizing city center to the south. (2) the withdrawal of a large segment of the waterfront from industrial use, (3) the development of highly attractive recreational destination in the downtown area, and (4) the existing · alignment of Lake Shore Boulevard as a true waterfront parkway,_with few locations where the parkway is separated from the shore by intervening properties inaccessible by the public. A rebuilt parkway, therefore, has not only the opportunity to become a good road, but opportunity to ·become a spectacular signature of the city. Its corridor 4esign, accordingly, should involve far more than just simple roadway elements, but should embrace the entire road context (i.e., n..ot only the road itself but the swath of land that is seen and experienced from the roadway). Some of the important elements in this context~sensitive design include: • Extraotdinaty attention to trees (both existing and new plaptings), not only to extend the current forested appearance of much of the roadside, but also to replace the historic but badly·damaged poplar plantings. • Parking, perhaps in numerous small ..vest pocket" parking lots that reflect the pattern.s of visitation to the shore (nun1erous informal destinations) and avoid the appearance at any given point, of a major parking concentration comparable to a strip mall. • Continuous bicycle and pedestrian paths, either as part of the roadway or within the shoreline corridor. Glatting Jackson Kercher Anglln Lopez Rinehart, Inc. Page 3 317 Marquette Master Plan - 2003 �[C • Design controls for-private property development fronting the west side of the parkway,. so that development on this land adds to the quality of the parkway, not detracts from it. • Traffic calming features, to emphasize the presence of pedestrians, bicyclists, and shore visitors, and to discourage through traffic and truck traffic. • A road design that is distinctively "parkway" in character, achieved through features such as winding horizontal alignment, short vertical curves, open (swale) 4fainage wherever possible, rustic appearing side paths, informal but spectacular tree plantings. distinctive wayfmding and directional signs, a distinctive pavem.ent aggregate color, "gateways" to the connecting east/west streets, special low-height "parkway" lighting. stone and timber materials in road furniture, and so forth. The US 41/Pront Street Intersection -This intersection, which carries the majority of the through traffic in Marquette (i.e., traffic having neither origin nor destination in Marquette), as well as a large amount of local Marquette traffic, is configured as a channelized ..T,, intersection, in which traffic movements are widely separated by large channelization islands so that conflicting movements (for example, left turns with tbrotlgh movements) are reduced to the most simple, and therefore safest, arrangement. Typically, channelized "T" intersections are used in locations with rural traffic patterns (tota~ entering volumes less than 2.0,000 vehicles, with a less pronounced morning and afternoon travel peak than in urban areas). At the time of ~onstruction of the intersection, the·prevailing traffic patterns and the intended use of tl~e i11tersection (primarily bypass) were possibly more toward the "rural" pattem, .as described above, than the existing pattern. However, the growth in travel, the · emergence of strip commercial along US 41 west of the City and the growth of nearby travel generators such as NMU and the hospital have created problems for the current intersection: • US 41 makes a right-angle turn at the intersection. Thus, the dominant movement through the intersection is on US 41, thereby requiring a left tum for motori,sts traveling westbound on US 41, and a right turn for motorists traveling eastbound. However, the geometry of the intersection favors north/south through movement, between US 41 and Business 41, not the dominant mov.ement within the intersection. The result is congestion, delay and a perception of hazard, particularly for westbound motorists who must make two stops on what is otherwise a major through movement in the·intersection. · • The large-radius sweeping turns in the intersection, while possibly appropriate at the time of the initial construction of the US 41 bypass, are no longer well Sllited to the area and its traffic pattern. Motorists in urban settings have no expectation of high speed turning movements at street intersections, even those of major arterials. On the GJattlng Jaekson Kercher Anglin Lopez Rinehart, Jnc. Page4 318 .l"f' ~ �CC other hand, in.urban area, other users of the street (pedestrians, bicyclists) are better served by conventional, low-speed street intersection geometry. • The intersection consumes a lot of space, and the islands within this space ( essentially large channelization islands) are not useable for public open space or-decorative features such as major plantipgs. • The present intersection is not an appealing entry point to Marquette. The need for an appealing entry point is more important than before, given the reclamation of the .waterfront in the immediate vicinity of the intersection. Restoring part of the stream and the waterfall that were obliterated.by the construction of the bypass is an interesting and reasonable option to consider, as the rebuilding of this intersection is studied. There are numerous examples, throughout the U.S ., of"daylighting" streams that were buried in box channels at the height of 1960's- 1970's road building frenzies . The symbolic value of this kind of reclamatton is huge, and is likely to put its sponsoring city "on the map'' of environmentally advanced communities. Restoring part the stream and the waierfall would be highly complementary to the dramatic reclamation of the entire Marquette waterfront. The unifying theme is reclamation of the waterfront from · · , obsolete uses, whether they be outmoded industries or highway planning decisions of a previous era. of Four possible options (by no means all of the total) for the reconfiguration of the US 41/Front . . Street intersection are shown in Figure 1. Alternative A addresses the challenges caused by the major through movement at this intersection being the left tum westbound (and corresponding right tum eastbound), by realigning the through movement. Under Alternative A, the movement from US 41 to Front Street would require the right-angles tum. Alteniative B is a simple T intersection substituting for the current channelized T . This alternative is simple, and consumes as little space as possible. Alternative C is a widely-split "T" . intersection, which converts the large volume of left turns into simple through movements at two signalized locations, each of which require only a simple two•phase signal. This design· also permits the "daylighting" of the stream. Alternative D, the roundabout, is particularly well suited to the large volume of ..right~angles'' traffic following US 41 . The roundabout · would provide a high level of priority for the difficult component of this movement, i.e. , the left tum by motorists proceeding west on US 41. A roundabout would also exploit the scenic possibilities associated with daylighting the stream. · McClellan Avenue-The extension of McClellan Avenue from Fair Avenue to Wright Street is one of those network extensions that is unarguably a good idea, from almost every transportation and co~up.ity planning aspect. Because of the continuity of McClellan Avenue with longer.clistance arterial highway (the new extension to 553), the in-town extension (Fair Avenue to Wright Street) poses three special design challenges: Glatth,g Jackson. Kercher Anglin Lopez Rinehart, Inc. Page 5 319 Marquette Master Plan - 2003 �1 [C 1. Neighborhoods between Fair Avenue and Wright Street-The proposed road designs already offer a number of measures to protect the existing neighborhoods, on either side of the proposed extension, from the impacts of the road. Further protection can be provided by traffic calming measures to assure that east/west cut-through traffic is not inyited by the road design. Also, traffic calming measures can be provided to assure that east/west cut-through traffic on a newly continuous Central A venue is minimized or eliminated. 2. Between Washingto·n Street and Fair Avenue - This segment of street is somewhat out of character with the city streets in Marquette, and it would be appropriate to upgrade 1t in conjunction with the extension of McClellan Avenue from. Fair Avenue to Wright Street. Upgrades include drainage improvements, curb and gutter, proper sidewalks, proper driveway connections, tree plant~gs and street lighting. TI1is neighborhood appears to have far less need for on-street parking than tlie older neighborhoods tQ the east. Thus, there is ~ valid issue of providing for parking on only one side of the street, thereby resulting in a pavement width of only 28 feet or so and therefore presenting a far more appealing appearance than the standard 32-foot pavement. 3. Intersections at Washington Street and US 41 - TI1ese locations could use attention to standard traffic engineering improvements (lanes, signal phases, markings, etc.) as well a.s an urban design concept which would eventually transition them from ordinary strip conunercial to a node of commUI,Uty-serving walkable retail. This would J:?e a first step in directing development along the US 41 bypass away from the standard "bypass" strip pattern into something more in keeping with the character of Marquette_ . Continuity _and Con~ection of Streets The value of street extensions is discussed in previous sections for those three actions (Fair Avenue, McClellan and ih Street) in which extension and continuity are being provided. Because of the overriding importance of this single measure, we emphasize it again, as a general principle not only for three of the immediate actions being co11sidered. but also for continued future planning of the street network. Important results of street extension that complement the character of Marquette are: • A fully connected arterial and collector street system peffilits the City to avoid the blighted arterial/barricaded neighborhood syndrome so prevalent with new suburban growth throughout the U.S. In this pattern, with few arterial routes available (due to lack of connection), all traffic is shunted onto the few available miles of arterial street. This limited mileage then becomes unworkable, and unsightly, as well as an Glatting Jackson Kercher Anglin Lopez Rinehart, Tnc • . Page 6 320 "' �[C irresistib]e magnet for strip development. All other uses - institutional, residential, community retail - are repelled by the appearance and h-0stility of the arterial, and "'tum their back" on the arterial system, with walls, cul-de-sacs, rear-facing homes, and so forth. In the process, the small city or small town atmosphere is lost. Residents, hostage for daily travel to the blighted arterials, find their quality of life constantly eroded. • Highly connected arterial system permits important traffic generators, such as NMU and the hospital, to function in settings surrounded by the community, rather than being relegated to isolated pods of development along major arterial highways. This enfolding of valued institi,itions within the community is one of the premier features of small city living. • A highly connected arterial and collector street system creates an important ..safety in numbers" advantage in serving large traffic generators. With a highly connected street system. these generators can be served by networks of two-lane roads that retain all of their qualities as desirable residential or neighborhood commercial streets. • With gaps in the network, traffic becomes focused on a few of the arterials, which quickly lose their ability to be fronted by viable residential properties ot appealing neighborhood businesses. • The connected street system is, without any further enhancement, one of the best mechanisms for providing high levels of pedestrian/bicycle service. Because of the number of possible routes available, we are able to designate important biking enhancements (sueh as on-street bicycle lanes) without seriously affecting parking or traffic flow .. . • A highly connected network is simply more efficient traffic.moving arrangement than a sparse, unconp.ected layout Snow Removal as the Defining Characteristic of the City In co~parison to other "winter cities" where we work (Twin Cities, Buffalo, Traverse City, etc.), Marquette seems to regard removing the snow from its streets as the defining element of street design and street use. It is possiqle that the large amount of snowfall and the extended duration of the snow removal season are indeed unique to Marquette, and therefore its snow removal efforts should be more strenuous than peer cities. On the other hand, it is more likely that there has simply been little or no weighing of the current snow removal methods against other quality-of-life factors, such as on-street parking, street appearance, and so forth. Instances of a provider of specialized services (snow removal, fire protection, solid waste pickup, etc.) maintaining that their particular use is the most important function of the street, Glatting )ackson Kercher Anglin Lopez Rinehart, Inc. Page7 321 Marquette Master Plan - 2003 �[C If"' I ~ . which should therefore should dictate tl1e design of the street, are common in municipalities throughout the U.S. In ''communities of place" - that is, communities notable for their high quality of life- the needs of competing users of the streets are settled in a .throughtufl design process that pays close attention to the community's vision of itself. Not surprisingly, this vision always involves strong neighborhoods, an e~tended walking environment, freedom. from domination by vehicular traffic; neighborhood cohesion, small-town qualities·, and so forth. These desired qualities are usually at odds with the specialized users of the streets. For example, the postal service, given their ideal, would want multi-lane streets, solid waste collectors would prefer complete banning of parking to allow automated pick up, the utilities would prefer a treeless and sidcwalkless parkway for ease of utility maintenance, fire and rescue operations would prefer a pull-over lane to clear the roadway, and so forth. In communities of place, these needs are balanced, always with specialized users accepting less than their "ideal." r For Marquette, we see two specific areas for such rebalancing the needs of snow removal with other desirable town qualities: • Altemat~Side Parking- It is really necessary to ban parking, on both sides of the street, for all of the snow removal season? There are numerous "winter cities" that do quite nicely with parking allowed on alternate sides of the street, and, therefore prohibited on alternate sides of the street, on a daily schedule. Thus, snow plowing in the parking lane is never more than one day out of date, and an ample supply of onstreet parking is maintained at all times. Signing and administr~ion of such a regulation would be particularly simple, given the regular north/south - east/west street layout in Marquette, where a "blanket" regulation for the entire city could be easily promulgated and enforced. • Reduced Widths for New and Rebuilt Streets - The 28-foot street allows ·parking · on one side of the street and two free-flowing lanes of traffic, and i~ therefore an appropriate design for collector streets and even minor arterial streets. Further, the side of the street on which parking is allowed can be varied as part of a snow rem.oval program. as described above. Snow removal on such a street is more efficient than on the ..standard" 32-fe>ot street now being built i11 Marquette, because: ( l) there is less pavement to clear and (2) the narrower pavement permits a correspondingly large parkway width~ thereby increasing · the snow storage area. If parking is permitted on an alternating side basis (as described above), then the efficiency of snow removal improves furtheri since the lane containing parking is not plowed on days when parking is present. On local streets (i.e., streets seiving only the fronting residential properties, aud not having a function as a through street), the 24-26 foot pavement, with parking allowed Glatting Jack~on Kercher Anglln Lopez Rinehart, Inc. Page 8 322 1""1 (' I I 0 �CC on one-side, is the appropriate street size. This width is fully allowable under the AASHTO Green Book and, in actual practice, the prevailing residential street width in thousands of traditional towns throughout the U.S. " "'- WMK/pae "r-.. " "' ,..., " "' ,..., ",..., ,., ..... "' G)atting Jackson Kercher Anglin Lopez Rinehart, foe . . · Page 9 323 Marquette Master Plan - 2003 �--, --Ffgu-re-1i ·us 41/Front Street Options A: 'T' Intersection, US 41 becomes "through" movement. Best for through movement. US41 US41 B: "T'' Intersection, US 41. remains as right-angle movement. Consumes least space. US41 US41 C: Widely split "T." Permits daylighting of stream, converts left-turns to simple through movements, at 2-phase signals. D: Roundabout: High capacity, gives high priority to "problem" movement (westbound on US 41); complements stream daylighting. MARQUETTE MASTER PL.AN UPDAIB GlattingJackson Beckett & Raedet, Inc. 324 �APPENDIX D - WALKABLE COMMUNffiES ELEMENT 'r~ tt:"-------~ fl(".. ,,......___ /Ii""\. ,.-----._ ~ ,---.._ r"'"\ - 326 - - ~ �Report of Findings Traffic Study City of Marquette, MI • • B.8 Baraga St. & Fourth St. B.9 Fisher St. & Fourth St. C. Corridor C - Fair Avenue Fair Ave. & Lakeshore Blvd. C.1 C.2 Fair Ave . & Pine St. C.3 Fair Ave. & Presque Isle Ave.(B.9) C.4 Kaye Ave. & Presque Isle Ave.(B.3) C.5 Hebard Court ., Kaye Ave. & Lee Dr. C.6 Elizabeth Hardin Circle Dr. (W) & ylh St. (D.1) t"'· C.7 Elizabeth Harden Circle Dr. (W) & Fair Ave. C.8 Fair Ave. & Lincoln Ave . t" C.9 Fair Ave. & McClellan Ave. (A.2) ~ t"' D. Corridor D - Seventh Street (/h St) Elizabeth Hardin Circle Dr. (W) & ylh St. (C.6) 0 .1 ~ 0 .2 College Ave. & 7'h St. ~ 0 .3 Magnetic Ave. & ylh St. 0.4 Ridge St. & ylh St. " "r 0 .5 ylh St. & Washington St. 0 .6 Spring St. & ylh St. 0.7 Fisher St. , Grove St. & ylh St. 0.8 Grove St. & US 41 ~ E. CorridorE-US 41 E.1 US 41 W , US 41 S & Front St METHODOLOGY A. BASIS OF STUDY The methodology used in this study was based largely on the 2000 Highway Capacity Manual, for the determination of Level of Service (LOS) for existing conditions and proposed changes . In order to evaluate the traffic conditions that occur throughout the study area , two sets of peak hour (AM , and PM) traffic volumes were used . 290 �Report of Findings Traffic Study Ci!f of Marque~e, Ml INTRODUCTION SSOE, Inc conducted a Traffic Study as part of the City of Marquette, Master Plan . The study involved traffic analysis and building a Synchro model for the study corridors. During the first Master Plan steering committee meeting the following five corridors were selected along with the thirty one (31) intersections on these corridors for the traffic study. ,f • Study Corridor From A. McClellan Avenue -- Wright Street County Rd 553 B . Fourth Street/Presque Isle -- Wright Street Fisher Street. C . Fair Ave/Kaye Avenue --- Lakeshore Boulevard McClellan Avenue D. ylh Street /Grove Street E. • To us 41 Elizabeth Hardin Dr (W) US41 -- @US 41 (West & South) @Front Street Study Intersections A. Corridor A - McClellan Avenue A.1 McClellan Ave. & Wright St. (Future) A.2 Fair Ave & McClellan Ave. (C.9) A.3 McClellan Ave. & Ridge St. A.4 McClellan Ave . & Washington St. A.5 McClellan Ave. & US 41 A.6 Grove St. & McClellan Ave. A.7 McClellan Ave. & Pioneer Rd . A.8 County Rd 553 & McClellan Ave. B. Corridor B -Fourth Street/Presque Isle Avenue B.1 Presque Isle Ave . & Wright St. 8 .2 Fair Ave . & Presque Isle Ave .(C .3) 8.3 Kaye Ave. & Presque Isle Ave .(C.4) 8.4 College Ave. & Presque Isle Ave. 8 .5 Fourth St. & Hewitt Ave. 8 .6 Fourth St. & Ridge St. B.7 Fourth St. & Washington St. 289 Marquette Master Plan - 2003 �CITY OF MARQUE1TE MASTER PLAN UPDATE WALKABLE COMMUNITIES ELEMENT ,.,,.----., Sponsored f?y: City of Marquette, Michigan Prepared f?y: Date Prepared: DAN BURDEN, WALKABLE COMMUNITIES, INC. OCTOBER, 2002 �,("""\ City of Marquette Master Plan Update Walkable Communities Element INTRODUCTION Marquette also enjoys advantages as well as punishments of severe winter cold and snow extremes. Defining walkability under such harsh conditions further refines and defines the essences of walkability. The City of Marquette is among the most remote and pristine settlements in America. Marquette's isolation and two decades of limited population growth have minimized sprawl pattern development. Most streets and neighborhoods are well linked. Housing densities support walking in most neighborhoods. Downtown Marquette is highly intact. Northern Michigan University is centrally located. The waterfront is centrally located to important commercial and service areas and most neighborhoods, and is in a healing process. These and other factors make Marquette an ideal study in how to revitalize, in fill and make whole and complete a walkable community. This report provides guidance on reducing unwanted, unsafe motorist bicyclist and pedestrian behavior. It also shares ways to make walking, bicycling more equal partners, and to return Marquette's streets to their former elegance. Before entering into design of master planning elements and features, all residents are asked to accept the premise that sprawl, traffic, environmental and social problems most often come from regional actions or inactions. Solutions therefore must be developed by all of the region's "stakeholders." Residents and property owners, who have much to gain from wor-king together, are the backbone of finding workable solutions. Marquette must be the leader and model for finding workable solutions, but must forge early and often living partnerships with university, township county, regional and state leaders. Maintenance of quality of life is a key issue for the community. There is no better determinate and ingredient to maintain quality of life than carrying out a design to keep and expand the walkability of the City of Marquette. However, residents are not entirely certain how to define a walkable community. Having sidewalks, good crossings and many linkages, trails and greenways, are important, but these are only a few of the vital and essential measures and ingredients of a walkable community. Residents identified dozens of issues, problems and needs that will be addressed. Solutions to these problems will determine walkability, bicycle friendliness, reduced auto-dependency, preservation of precious lands and establish essential active living and quality of life elements. Disclaimer The contents of this report represent the knowledge, experience and expertise of the citizens and author in providing ideas and concepts to improve safety, access, mobility and livability through land use planning, traffic management, linkage and other development strategies. This report does not constitute a standard, specification or regulation and is not intended to be used as a basis for establishing civil liability. The decision to use a particular measure should be made on the basis of an engineering and planning study of the location. This report is not a substitute for sound engineering and planning judgement. Adherence to the principles found in this report can lead to an overall improvement in neighborhood, bicycle, transit, motoring and pedestrian access, mobility, enjoyment and safety. Walkable Communities, Inc. -2- �1 Walkability Element to Master Plan Update The Big Ten Most Significant Issues and Steps 6. As residents age there is a growing need for quality housing in a choice of central locations. These can be on or near the harbor, downtown and near the campus/ university properties. Each of these areas will need many choices in housing stock, ranging from small and highly affordable to luxurious. Many can and should be in mixed use buildings where many conveniences are offered. Each of these locations should have a central public plaza and retail center. Dense housing of 11 -30 du/ a should be featured in the first 1 /8th mile ring from the defined center, and the next 1/ 8th of 1/ 4 mile radius should 2. Roads to be kept small and well linked. Virtually all have housing density at 6-8 du/ a or higher. Ancillary units, such roadways either built or planned for multiple lanes (4 or more) as "granny flats" or studio apartments should be included in this can be compressed to two lanes with either a third lane scramble, housing mix. Seniors should be surveyed to learn how many or medians. A notable exception is U.S. 41, which should conauto trips are made today, based on age. Once this percentage tinue to emphasized its role as a major carrier of significant is known, it should be a goal of the plan implementation of traffic volumes. This compression and retention of roadways doubling trips made by non-auto choices. into safer, more efficient two-lane roadways maximizes an af7. Land use patterns and practices must provide many fordable system, travel efficiency for all, while increasing access choices of housing for students. Reduced vehicular traffic in for all modes of transportation. and around the campus is essential to maintain roadway levels 3. Poor land use practices rob from community values of service and compact widths. This can only be achieved if and priorities. Traffic counts on several of Marquette's roadways walking and bicycling are strongly favored with short travel are at levels where new growth from sprawl and other poor distances from home to campus. Mixed use settlement, and land use patterns and practices will force declines in levels of many choices in housing are essential within 1 / 4 and 1 / 2 mile service on these and nearby roads. Roads at risk include Mc- of campus. Housing densities near campus should be 11 -30 Clellan Avenue, Wright Street, Lincoln, Fair and Fourth Street du/ a in the inner ring areas, and maintained at 6-8 du / a in outer North/ Presque Isle Avenue. Marquette must pay close atten- areas. As part of the Master Plan update a survey should be tion to all decisions that would generate more and longer trips, taken of how students currently arrive on campus. This can be or reduce and compress trips. Close attention to this guiding done with a show of hands in all classrooms on a given day. planning and political practice will maintain Marquette's current Once this percentage is known, it should be a goal of the plan equilibrium. of doubling trips made by non-auto choices. 4. Land Use and Sustainable Development are regional 8. School policies and practices must be updated . issues. In order to maintain Marquette's quality of life strong Nationwide home-to-school journeys by foot have fallen drahighly communicative regional and inter-agency and inter-orga- matically in recent decades. Poor long-term school placement nization processes must be invented and put in place. Improper and sizing strategies are leading to un-affordable, quality of sizing and placement of schools, libraries, parks and big box life and active living lifestyles. Complete sidewalks within 1 / 4 retail will continue to grow traffic in undesirable ways, and risk of all schools. Create school drop-off patterns that minimize levels of service, active living, squandering of precious land inconvenience and safety for those walking and bicycling. This and the quality of life of all citizens, inside and outside the may include a designated route for parents driving, and not alcity limit. lowing travel on certain streets, invoking "walking school bus" 5. Snow and its removal is a blessing and a curse. Snow and "walking train" programs. Strong parental involvement is is not only a primary reason for enjoyment of this special winter needed. city and its season for being, it can act as a sensible reason for 9. Parking strategies must change. The city should serimaintaining close-in, compact lifestyles and settlement patterns. ously evaluate its current parking practices and requirements. On the other hand, failure to evolve the most advanced snow Off-street parking must be minimized in order to achieve plowing, storage and removal solutions prevents Marquette from proper infill, mixed use, compact housing and walkable scale building many essential traffic management treatments, such as solutions. medians, curb extensions, refuge islands, raised intersections and 10. Many links and connections are needed. Despite roundabouts and on-street parking, to name a few. Marquette having a good historic street pattern, there are many areas, eswill need to become North America's leader in progressive snow pecially near the campus and harbour where serious policies, removal practices. A modest investment here will be essential practices and investments are needed to increase the ease, safety to carry out all phases of this master plan update, especially and convenience of walking and bicycling. on-street parking. l. Walkability and Quality of Life are tightly linked. Year 2000 census data reveals, American cities experiencing no growth in population during the 1990-2000 decade grew their traffic 25% during these years. Marquette owes much of its quality of life to planning decisions minimizing the amount of time residents are in motorized traffic, minimizing crossing widths of principle streets, and provisions for active living patterns accentuating walking and bicycling for all ages. -3- City of Marquette �LIVABLE STREETS, WALKABILITY AND QUALITY OF LIFE Livable Streets is all about reducing speeds of motorists, improving traffic flow, increasing safety for pedestrians and motorists, improving the all-season ability to have comfortable, convenient transportation choice. Healthy streets require appropriate travel speeds and traffic distribution. Traffic calming returns safety, mobility and access to people. It creates a level playing field for all modes of travel, increases property values, and improves livability for everyone. Most importantly, these efforts require neighbors to take ownership of their streets and public spaces and work together to provide the best solutions. Easy Solutions • • • • • Why People Speed • Not enough walking and bicycling links exist within neighborhoods. Too many walking barriers. • Streets are too wide and straight in appearance. • Drivers are using residential streets as "cut-through" routes to travel elsewhere in the city. • Blocks are too long. • Streets appear sterile or barren of trees • Too many stop signs and signals. Add crossings, retain parking, improve student/ parent drop-off and pick up zone behaviors. Create orderly movement around school and campus zones. Address local and school problems at mid-block locations and intersections with horizontal and/ or some limited vertical deflection tools. Use bike lanes or paint white lines on the righthand side of roads to visually narrow lane widths. Ideal lane widths are 10.0 feet or less. Plant trees within right-of-ways that will grow into tree canopies. It is important to recognize that as a city takes on traffic calming projects in its neighborhoods, some residents will be frustrated by their inability to speed through residential areas. Oftentimes drivers do not realize they are habitually speeding until they are physically prevented from doing so. Travel times to everyday destinations may become greater during peak hours, and this delay may become an issue for residents of neighborhoods as well as for cut-through drivers. Residents and city officials should understand that this perceived inconvenience is a trade-off for all the benefits that come from slower speeds in neighborhoods and the beautification that traffic calming and traffic management devices can provide. Residents on all streets report that where they Jive they seek low speeds, /01v volumes and /0111 noise of traffic. These same people mqy be inclined to drive too fast on other people's streets. Research in the San Francisco Bay area by pioneering traffic calming researcher, Donald Appleyard determined that as speeds and traffic volumes increase there is a corresponding drop in the number offriends, associates and even physical areas of the street that people associate or identify with. Some excellent examples of ideal street life are found on San Francisco's Noe Street, where Donald Appleyard performed some of his earliest work. Ironically, Donald Appleyard was later killed in a traffic crash. After a nearly 40 year lull in serious traffic calming efforts, it is time for Marquette to take the energy of the Marquette people and breathe new life into these important and sensitive streets. H Walkable Communities, Inc. -4- �1 Walkability Element to Master Plan Update While traffic calming reduces noise, beautifies areas and tends to put people more at ease, its primary goal is safety. When traffic travels slowly on traffic-calmed streets, fewer and less severe accidents occur. The number of pedestrian, bicycle, and automobile accidents drop as much as 40%-93%. For this reason, residents of traffic ~ calmed neighborhoods will notice more people walking, biking, roller blading and enjoying other activities because they feel comfortable on their streets. More "eyes on the streets" help reduce crime and discourage unacceptable behavior, making neighborhoods safer for everyone. Over twenty tools have been identified which create positive affects within neighborhoods and on their fringes . These tools have been identified and described in the publication, "Streets and Sidewalks, People and Cars: The Citizens Guide to Traffic Calming" by Dan Burden. A copy of this report can be purchased from www.lgc.org. Dan has also prepared a short guide to which of these tools can be used on local streets, school streets and arterial roadways (See page 9). Proper traffic calming planning requires a good deal of education for neighborhood residents. Residents understand ,,-....._ what the problems are in their neighborhoods, but very few people in the United States understand traffic calming and _,,......._ correct tool applications. Before receiving traffic calming training, residents will often ask for stop signs and/or speed humps. Both of these tools have been proven to have negative effects on neighborhoods and, in fact, increase speeding. When people are forced to stop where they do not believe it is warranted, they feel punished. Most motorists will spike their speeds to try to make up for lost time. Some neighborhood residents feel so violated by cutthrough traffic that they request closing streets to prevent r--._ nonresidents from using their neighborhood streets as arterials. Typically street closures shift traffic to other neighborhood streets. Street closures frustrate neighborhood residents more because they often have to drive twice as far to ,,.,......_ get to their destinations and this directly impacts residents several times per day. It is important to remember that stop signs, speed humps and street closures hinder emergency response times and accessibility. Street closures should be used only as a last resort, if other tools have been tried and nothing works. Noe Street is near Nervana. Originally designed to draw families to a form er lackluster area of San Francisco, the street traffic calming of the 60's was a finan cial success, and is now home ofprosperous and respected professionals. -5- City of Marquette �EMERGENCY RESPONSE Concern is often raised that some emergency responders may object to some suggested traffic calming treatments. It is ,,.,........,._ ' essential to include emergency responders in all planning, and to do this in early stages. Responders have much to gain from correct application of tools, and especially the removal of unwarranted stop signs. To gain their acceptance, however, requires close coordination, training and other ongoing efforts.To be efficient, emergency responders need: (1) well placed stations; (2) many points of access to neighborhoods; (3) minimal interruptions on arterial and collector streets and their intersections; and (4) minimal interruptions on local streets. Although local streets are of lesser importance than arterials, collectors and major intersections, they still influence response times. Responders strive to reach emergencies within 4 minutes of notification. In neighborhoods that have been traffic calmed, small ambulances and response vehicles have less problem maintaining access and efficient times than larger engine trucks and aerial ladder trucks. All over the world, police and fire agencies are moving toward buying more small vehicles for reasons of efficiency and accessibility. In 1999 Dan Burden developed a video to show how to ensure emergency responders' ability to navigate through traffic calming devices. The project also measured amounts of time it took to get through devices. Below is a chart that represents the findings of that study. The values are based on delays at devices, where there was no device, including a stop sign or traffic signal. The following delays can be expected for large vehicles: Device Delay Time Stop Signs Speed Humps Speed Tables Small Roundabout Neighborhood Roundabout Chicanes and other horizontal tools Curb radius reduction Gateways 6-11 seconds 6-11 seconds 6-11 seconds 4-5 seconds 4-6 seconds 2-3 seconds 0-3 seconds 0 seconds Walkable Communities, Inc. -6- I ' �Walkability Element to Master Plan Update l e.tlfrWSS« 2.. •••,,. 3.lllllllsllllls tCalblilSltll 1.Clnf',..,... t••t ....... ■•-,2.. ............ l. DMINIS 4-TrttWtll (. TIIIWtlS 5.llllthdlll 5. ......... 8. hntllllln 1. WOl&Gl Cl'ISslllS lC..IIOISIIIIICII• 5.IISII,_ ........... ........ t•-··-- ........ ......... l ■ OUfTICrlSIIIIS n ■, .... llllnlcUIII u. ......... llfllllll••-- l..._latS ' 1 TOI Clr-tsllrll -~·-' .,. l Clll..._c,a 11 nrniCatsa n.ftlMIIIIIIIICdlll 11 .......... n.•a1t1IIUINCd• 13 14.llllldlcUM 15.aHll'clll 13 lrllllrllllNlllcalflll ' 14. Ille lll!IIICII• I 11.IPIIITIIIIII 11.SIIINTIIIIII 11 I ..... lllltltCUNI 1lSIIII-• 11. ____ _ _ 11. lllallllrUCII• 21.fllllll . . . . tLCNllll ··-·22.DICIUI 11. llil-Clrclll &11• , .. a.es 12. ■---- 13.illlllllll ■raClllra 1C.ll••••e11- aSllll'lllllln . . . . . . ClrVII 21.hrdllCI.... 2tCllllln 22.Dlcllll a ....._ -7- City of Marquette �I Pedestrian Safety and Traffic Calming Principles Marquette can benefit from a menu of traffic calming solutions. As a general rule this plan calls for highly affordable, minimal intrusion, solutions first and foremost. Adding stop signs, speed humps, and street closures, which are highly invasive tools, are not recommended, nor needed. Indeed, there are so many negative impacts from such "reactive" tools that they should be seen as a last remedy in almost any community. SYSTEM-WIDE TooLS Traffic calming should be applied holistically. This plan calls for a series of steps addressing specific concerns, but which do not simply move a problem from one location to another. Thus, when measures are proposed for Pine Street, they are also to be applied to other north/ south roads such as Third, Front and High. Traffic calming tools create visual effects on long, straight road sections, interrupt visual lines, or create deflections to slow motorists to safe speeds. Meanwhile, by following the key recommendations of this plan and removing four way stop conditions at key intersections some improved flow and reduced noise will occur. Suitable replacement devices include mini-roundabouts, full roundabouts, curb extensions, chicanes and related tools. TEMPORARY MEASURES As a general rule temporary features are discouraged, especially if they can not be made attractive. Quite often residents react to the low-quality visual image of a temporary curb extension or mini-circle. If these measures can be made attractive and functional, then test or interim This hillside street is stark and void of trees and landscaping. It's complimentary street (below) is beautifully decked in trees and shade. The contrast in aesthetics and driver behavior is a classic study of what helps and hurts a neighborhood. measures may be considered. These measures should remain on the ground for a minimum of three months before their study is considered complete. They should not be placed if there is no ability to provide design and construction of permanent, attractive solutions. The City of Marquette should develop a suitable family of traffic calming tools and recommended street forms and features to update its Master Plan. An appropriate investment in a dozen or more sites can be made in the next 1-3 years. Walkable Communities, Inc. -8- �Walkability Element to Master Plan Update -9- City of Marquette �Conditions and Recommendations The following recommendations acknowledge that each roadway has many cross sections, parking practices and land use needs ... sometimes changing each block. These recommendations are general in nature and require significant planning and engineering evaluations as projects go forward. However, a number of projects are ready for adoption as early as winter and spring 2002-03. For instance, McClellan Avenue from it inception as a 4-5 lane roadway near Pioneer Road to the center of town should be reconfigured as a road diet -- a three-lane road with bike lanes. This is a low cost first stage solution, using primarily paint and some signing costs. However, converting this section to a boulevard street, an appropriate ultimate solution will require evaluation, engineering analysis and budgeting. McCLELLAN AVENUE • • • • • • • • Wide travel lanes; fast vehicle speeds Four and five lane sections Anemic crosswalk markings No sidewalks in most sections A few critical missing crosswalks Too many stop signs and traffic signals Area is stark, void of street trees, landscaping and other green Fast turns and entries on some corners Recommendations All areas of McClellan should be narrowed to 2-3 lanes. In some areas streets will need to be converted to boulevard style form with appropriate turning pockets. Newly planned sections of McClellan between Fair Avenue and Wright Street should be kept to two-lanes using significant access management. Bike lanes or wide paved shoulders of 5.0 to 6.0 feet should be used on all sections of built and planned roadways. Trails should be placed on all sections where high levels of access management (few driveways) can be maintained. Other portions require sidewalks. In general, sidewalks are needed on both sides, except in areas where settlement and attractions are on one side. Roundabouts should be evaluated and placed, replacing 4-way stop controls. An excellent first placement is McClellan and Fair Avenues. All signalized, 4-way stop and roundabout intersections should be well-lit. Walkable Communities, lnc. McClellan Avenue should be reduced to an efficient 2-lane road1vtry with turn lanes, medians and refi1ge island. The example road above is capable of managing more than 20,000 vehicles per dqy. Roundabouts (see belo1v) are high!J efficient solutions to managing up to 25,000 vehicles per dqy. Roundabouts improve safety up to 90%, reduce corridor travel delqys, and are a boon to pedestrian access and safety. Below scene is the proposed modified intersection of McClellan and Fair Avenues. -10- �Walkability Element to Master Plan Update us -- 41 • • Wide, multi-laned roadway with medians and shoulders Wide lanes, limited access in many locations, fast speeds, noisy • Design highly discourages walking and bicycling, along or across this centrally placed corridor Recommendations Rebuild all intersections to meet ADA and walkability needs. In some areas, such as McClellan Avenue, channelized islands can be added to all four corners. Meruans can be extended with median noses added to control turning speeds. Analyze the length on the corridor for placement of sidewalks on each side of the corridor. When access is well managed sidewalks or trails should be set back from travel lanes with a boulevard strip. WASHINGTON STREET (BUSINESS-41) • Wide, multi-laned roadway • Wide lanes, freguent driveways in many locations, moderate to fast speeds, noisy. • Largely suburban style land use practices, aging stock of buildings with poor pedestrian access. Design highly discourages walking and bicycling, along or across this vital center city serving corridor • Recommendations Rebuild all intersections to meet ADA and walkability needs. In some areas, such as McClellan Avenue, channelized islands can be added to all four corners. Medians can be extended with median noses added to control turning speeds. Analyze the length of the corridor for placement, rebuilding or maintenance of sidewalks on each side of the corridor. When access is well managed sidewalks or trails should be set back from the travel lanes with a boulevard strip. Minimize crossing rustances of pedestrians and turning speeds of motorists at all driveways. Landscape ugly front facing parking lots. Consider creating village-style nodes at key intersections, such as McClellan Avenue. City of Marquette �PRESQUE ISLE AVENUE AND 4TH STREET NORTH • Two important collector roadways with sidewalks in most sections and fast traffic along Presque Isle Avenue. • Many intersections are wide and difficult to cross • Poor crosswalk markings; many school aged children/ college students. • Too few trees along this corridor Recommendations An additional two stripes should be added to this This corridor should remain at or be reduced to two lanes in all sections. roadway to create designated on-street parking and a bike lane. In some locations a third lane can be added for efficient movement of traffic at signals. Four-way stop or signalized intersections should be evaluated for roundabouts. Roundabouts can be considered as mini-roundbouts in many locations by limiting the size of left turning vehicles. This is possible due to the well gridded street system. Reduce excess pavement width by adding inset on-street parking where non-existent, and bike lanes. In a few areas prime for mixed use development diagonal parking may be considered. Provide high emphasis crosswalks at all four way stop and signalized intersections. Provide curb extensions and 2-ADA ramps per corner at all intersections, with an emphasis at signalized and four-way stop controlled intersections. DOWNTOWN STREETS • • • Many intersections are wide and difficult to cross Poor crosswalk markings, undersized "Walk, Don't Walk" signals, many poor signalization designs. Check timing to allow reasonable crossing times. Too few trees in the downtown. Consider tree clusters on corners and other tree plantings. Recommendations All streets should be evaluated for lane width reductions, curb extensions, inset parking. Many streets will convert well to diagonal or reverse-in diagonal parking. In general lanes should be restricted to 10.0 foot widths. Add bike lanes and significant new onstreet parking to minimize travel lane widths and the resulting speeding and confusion. All streets should be considered for redesign. Walkable Communities, Inc. -12- �Walkability Element to Master Plan Update THIRD STREET NORTH • • Two-lane roadway with significant commercial development and many pedestrians Important north/ south service road for Northern Michigan University, link to downtown and neighborhoods. • Overly wide roadway section and lanes in several areas Recommendations This corridor should remain at two lanes in all sections. In some locations a third lane can be added for efficient movement of traffic at signals. Before widening for storage lanes, four-way stop or signalized intersections should be evaluated for roundabouts. Reduce excess pavement width by adding on-street parking where non-existent, and bike lanes on both sections of this street (North and South). Provide high emphasis crosswalks at all four way stop and signalized intersections. Provide curb extensions and 2-ADA ramps per corner at all intersections, with an emphasis at signalized and four-way stop controlled intersections. FRONT STREET NORTH • • Two-lane roadway with significant commercial development churches, services and pedestrian linkages Important north/ south service road for Northern Michigan University, link to downtown and neighborhoods. • Overly wide roadway section and lanes in several areas -13- City of Marquette �Recommendations This corridor should remain at two lanes in all sections. In some locations a third lane can be added for efficient movement of traffic at signals. Roundabouts or mini-roundabouts may be considered for some locations. Reduce excess pavement width by adding on-street parking where non-existent, and bike lanes. Provide high emphasis crosswalks at all significant cross streets Provide curb extensions and 2-ADA ramps per corner at all intersections, with an emphasis at signalized and four-way stop controlled intersections. • • • PINE STREET Large stop controlled intersections with excess asphalt Important neighborhood connector troubled by its ease for speed and overall length. Traffic volumes are higher than many neighbors would like Recommendations Provide measures to control speeds at or below 25 mph, including a series of mini-roundabouts every other block. Increase convenience of on-street parking Maximize quality and maintenance of sidewalks on both sides of the road, and provide ADA ramps to minimize pedestrian exposure to motorists. • • • • HIGH STREET One-way street, approximately 20 feet wide Parking on one side Many stop sign controls One-way traffic flow Recommendations Convert to a two-way street, retaining parking on one side only. If speeding is an issue, on-street parking can be altered to opposing sides at each street. However, speed will go down once two-way yield-style street traffic is introduced. Walkable Communities, Inc. -14- Arch S tree! East (above) should be evaluatedfar a treatment similar to the one shown belo11J. Adding diagonal parking maximizes traffic calming effects and reduces the needfor expensive and un.right/y offstreet parking or parking structures in this neighborhood. �Walkability Element to Master Plan Update WRIGHT STREET • • • • • Wide lanes and wide street sections with fast traffic Stark, barren, uninteresting Poor sight distances at intersections Absence of curb cuts An essential roadway for walking, bicycling, parking and campus connections. Recommendations All portions of Wright street should be operated as a 2lane roadway Some sections can be evaluated for a third lane for turns and storage Roundabouts should be evaluated for every other block, maintaining and improving traffic flow. All four-way stops should be considered for roundabouts. Make this a gateway street, with quality landscaping and a tree canopy. Add refuge islands every 300 feet along sections paralleling the Northern Michigan University Elizabeth Harden Circle Drive should retain its current curb-to-curb width, then maximize on-street parking and create a single lane access Wt!J down the center. Such a strategy maxi,nizes invested resources in the existing road structure, and creates a quiet, easi/y navigated pedestrian Wt!J. The University should continue to take actions reducing the need to drive motorized vehicles between classes. New, small vehicle technologies are being built that can improve interior campus transit style circulation. These units run on electricity and are narrow enough to fit on greenw'!Y traiL Below photo illustrates poor lighting and crossing conditions at the Marquette General Hospital overpass location. Trajfic calming and improved lighting is neededfor this area. COLLEGE AVENUE MARQUETTE GENERAL HOSPITAL • • • • Wide pedestrian crossings Poor visibility between drivers/pedestrians Missing curb cuts High speed turns and entries Recommendations Sidewalks with curb cuts and on-street parking should be emphasized within 1/4 mile of the hospital. Refuge islands should be placed at frequent inte preferably each 300 feet. Special lighting is needed under the pedestrian overpass, if pedestrians are crossing at grade in this location. Crossing distances in this location should be reduced in time and distance by converting these travel lanes to 10.0 feet width. -15- City of Marquette �FAIR AVENUE • • • • • Wide lanes with fast traffic Stop controls at most intersections Lots of stop and go driving Void of trees, green and other landscaping Absence of curb cuts Recommendations Maintain all roadway sections as 2-lanes, with optional left turn storage lanes, if warranted. Longer term, replace four-way stop controls by providing a series of mini-roundabouts or full roundabouts. Maximize on-street parking, especially near schools. Provide bike lanes the length of this roadway, if street widths permit. Maximize quality of sidewalks and sidewalk maintenance to improve conditions for walking to and from area schools. UKESHORE BOULEVARD • • • • • Scenic roadway in many sections Important shore line bike connection Speeds high in some areas Bike trails narrow in some areas Poor visibility between drivers/pedestrians Recommendations Smooth and efficient roadway travel should be established at a speed not to exceed 25 mph in most portions. Widen trail and walkways to a minimum of 10 foot, with 12 foot preferred. Improve intersections with a variety of solutions, from enhanced signalization to roundabouts. Long term solutions call for diagonal parking in many areas, especially where higher density residential units are built. Require developers to provide sufficient right-of-way to allow for on-street diagonal parking, and minimize offstreet parking. SEVE TH STREET These comments are provided after studying the Activity Guide map. If Llncoln Avenue has not been built from Washington Street to U.S. 41, consider terminating this street at Baraga Avenue. This improves traffic flow to key areas of the downtown and makes key trail connections. Although this does not relieve existing traffic flow patterns onto U.S. 41, it allows a vital flow into featured development areas, including downtown and waterfront sections. Use a modest rise to this road over the trail, allowing the trail to be built at grade. Consider the possibility of connecting 7 th Street. Walkable Communities, Inc. -16- All streets surro11nding the Northern Michigan Universi!J should be designed and operated in the future to keep the Jewest possible lanes, and crossing widths, while maximizing on-street parking. Similar treatments should be considered on Fair Aven11e and all areas in and around the downtown, future harbor and 111aterfront developme11t, the hospital and other central areas. �Walkability Element to Master Plan Update Other Recommendations, Including Public Process and Priorities NEIGHBORHOOD MASTER PLANNING Many of America's best cities are now learning to develop master plans for each neighborhood. Marquette is of a size and pattern to permit from 5-7 neighborhoods to be identified and refined based on needs inside each neighborhood. A master plan is needed for each neighborhood. Special funds or special staff can be allocated to help each neighborhood arrive at a common vision and master plan. The advantages of this approach include: Creating a vision allowing staff, planning commissioners and city commissioners to make decisions based on the problems, issues needs of its residents and business people in highly specific areas of the community. Minimizing problems and NIMBYism when facing important but controversial issues, such as street designs, onstreet parking, intersection designs, infill development, school bonding issues and more. Allowing a method to identify, network and train citizen leaders, who will overcome many of the fears normally found when neighborhoods are facing change. / Increasing public involvement and public ownership of important issues facing Marquette as it moves towards its goal to become a community of high quality of life, active living and sustainable practices. Improved ability to apply for and win important government and foundation grants for being a community that has sub-area master plans, networks, visions, commitment and a means to carry out tough issues of change and quality of life decisions. Improved efficiency, strength and depth in gaining public trust and support (maybe affection) for its staff and elected leadership, and more popular acceptance of design and construction of important projects. Marquette appears confused on parking issues. Areas where parking would reduce speeding (near schools) removes parking. Other overfy wide downtown streets limit parking. Qualiry infill development calls for substantial shifting of parkingpolicies ... to eli,ninate most offstreet parking in time, and to great!J increase efficient and convenient on-street parking with curb extensions to narrow pedestrian crossing widths. Scene above, SIIOIJ!Y Bend, Oregon. An ability to overcome stagnation and paralysis of important public works, public improvement and public good projects. Improved ability to forge lasting public/private partnerships with key developers -- who need all the support they can get to build key infill projects. -17- City of Marquette �Implementation Steps Community master plans work best when formal methods for carrying out their visions are implemented Indeed, lofty words on paperfor needed treatments are far less valuable to communities than inventions and adoptions to processes to overcome fear of change. Many communities are built to ho-hum, sprawl patterns which are alwqys the easiest routes to quick and efficientgrowth and development. Quality, sustainable streets, public space, buildings and neighborhoods of take much work and by its definition, forces change and uncertainty. The secret to places of the heart is that ma,ry people have learned to work together, to fuel and sustain their interest, and then train their volunteer replacements when thry are approaching burnout. Successful community master plan implementation includes new methods in public process, consensus building, the sharing of a common vocabulary, training of citizens, and an identifiedprocessfor incorporating a,ry dissenters without allowing their voices to overpower the approved process adopted by the community. All too often elected leaders listen to and respond to former high school bullies or smooth talkers that never represented their classmates. These individuals have a role to plqy in a,ry society ... But their voice should never overpower conscientious citizens who have learned how to improve their community. The Walkability Element to this Master Plan process has led to consensus building, workable solutions, and effective partnerships between stakeholders and City of Marquette staff and leadership. The following additional steps are recommended. Following these steps provides assurance that issues will be proper/y addressed, costs will be minimized, and results have maximum effect. If ownership of problems is still weak or lacking, don't give up! The following steps are vital. (1) Form City of Marquette Vision Team. At the concluding workshop on the group endorsed strong support for active leadership and regional action on key issues. There are many issues and complications in carrying out master plan updates. Important steps need to be taken, such as creation of neighborhood boundaries, training courses and programs guiding master plans and sub area plans. (2) Develop Neighborhood Master Plans. As mentioned earlier in this document, communities benefit by having clear plans, expectations, networks and process for carrying out their own vision. Each neighborhood learns to cooperate with other neighborhoods seeking community-wide solutions. eighborhood leaders learn to value training and how to assist all in their neighborhood to cooperate with one another and become active participants in change. (3) Review Plans. A coordinating team working in conjunction with each neighborhood team, is responsible for maintaining the integrity of neighborhood plans, and making certain these plans meet broader community goals and needs. These people should coordinate and guide modest, noncontroversial changes that maintain neighborhood support. In some cases this team meets with property owners at or near the locations of proposed treatments. In some cases one tool may be substituted for another, or a tool may be relocated from one property to another. Walkable Communities, Inc . -18- �Walkability Element to Master Plan Update (4) Education and Survey. Planning commissioners should expand their role, expertise and methods for reviewing changes to the community. Scheduled site visits by all members of the commission and key staff should preceed all meetings. (5) Training and Leadership. The community should develop a training curriculum, set of events and other activities reinventing the culture of change. Cities like Portland and Seattle have many speakers, curriculum at colleges, and a weekend long series of workshops held each year to training and certify neighborhood and community leaders. Progressive ideas re9uire a solid cadre of volunteers and others to help the more intrepid increase their comfort level as change occurs. (6) City Commission Review and Approval. City commissioners must communicate and coordinate their decisions in close liaison with neighborhood leaders, planning commissioners and staff My discussions with a number of people from the community suggests that there is a serious breach of communication, coordination and trust between these key groups. Many important citizens feel frustrated ... Even alarmed at the failures for these important groups to listen and respect the care and dedication of the work of these important groups. (7) Neighborhoods are Involved in Plan Review. Once detailed plans reach 30% completion, each neighborhood team should complete reviews, noting any appropriate changes. Once approved, these plans and final construction can go forward. I I (8) Model Programs. In order to prove that each element of the master plan can work at broad scale it is essential to prove each element at a project scale. For instance, McClellan and Fair Avenues is an appropriate area to test the safety, efficiency and overall performance of a roundabout. Other areas are ready to test for installation of bike lanes, narrowing of travel lane widths, and other treatments. It is important to get many of these treatments on the ground within one year of their adoption. Each treatment needs to be evaluated for overall effectiveness in achieving community goals. It is important to state up front what the performance measures are for each treatment. Fo_r instance, does adding reverse-in diagonal parking to a portion of Baraga Avenue add 40% more parking, slow traffic speed and noise to acceptable levels without creating any noticeable backup in traffic? Some evaluations can be made in a half day or so, while others require significant observations and data. -19- City of Marquette �APPENDIX E - HARBOR MASTER PIAN 327 Marquette Master Plan - 2003 �C '{ �·4 Introduction To specifically address water-based uses and facilities in Marquette Bay, the City sought to create a Harbor Master Plan (HMP). The HMP is intended to supplement, and ultimately become part of the current City of Marquette Master Plan. The HMP consists primarily of the areas commonly referred to as the Upper and Lower Harbor, extending from the south end of Presque Isle Park at the Presque Isle Marina, southward to the Shiras Generating Plant. In the Upper Harbor area, the plan focuses on the Presque Isle Marina, ore dock and remnant piles. In the Lower Harbor, the plan focuses on the commercial and public spaces near the remnant piles, ore dock and Cinder Pond Marina. This summary document describes Marquette's setting, the HMP project process, existing conditions, program goals and design principles, and the Upper and Lower Harbor Preferred Plans. Setting The City of Marquette enjoys a spectacular setting on the south shore of Lake Superior. Evidence of its rich industrial past is represented by picturesque ore docks and thousands of remnant piles that once supported the extensive ship docking associated with its working waterfront heritage. The City is committed to preserving this heritage, while embarking on a plan to create a new vision for the Marquette community of this special waterfront setting. Harhur Masw,· Plan Area Mayor's Task Force on Harbor Master Planning Process Jerry Irby, Mayor The City Commission approved the creation of the Mayor's Task Force on Harbor Master Planning on October 15, 2002. The City subsequently contracted with SmithGroup JJR to complete the HMP. City of Marquette Liaisons: Sandra Gayk, Director of Community Development Hugh Leslie, Director of Parks and Recreation Task Force Members: Fred Stonehouse, Chair (Harbor Committee) Gerald Messana, Secretary (Parks and Recreation, Committee) Jim Clark (Downtown Development Authority) Steve White (Downtown Development Authority) Geoff "Chip" Davis (Parks and Recreation Committee) Joe Johnson (Community) Wim McDonald (Community) Ted Thill (Community) Greg Sieple (Planning Commission) Bruce Ventura (Planning Commission) J ) -) ' \ ) J) ~) ~ ') I) J) )) )) The HMP process included a series of Task Force meetings and public participation events over a six-month time frame. Public participation included interviews with a cross-section of waterfront stakeholders, and public forums to gain an understanding of the variety of perspectives influencing the harborfront. This input influenced the creation of alternative concepts, and finally the Upper and Lower Harbor Preferred Plans. Public input summaries and are available upon request at the City of Marquette Department of Planning. Following completion of the HMP and the adoption of the City's overall Master Plan by the City Commission and Planning Commission, funding opportunities for HMP proposed improvements will be sought. )) ) ) )) '\) ~) ~) ~) "" -) �' ' Existing Conditions Following is a description of existing conditions in the Upper and Lower Harbors. Upper Harbor A: Presque Isle Marina The public marina has a State and Federal designation as a harbor of refuge. The 30-year old, 95-slip marina is in need of an upgrade. Declining dockage facilities, outdated services, siltation and water depth issues limit its use and desirability. B: Marina Services Building The existing building houses the harbor master and support services. The facility appears to need updating from both a functional and aesthetic perspective. C: Boat Launch Community launch used primarily by fishing enthusiasts who want easy fishing access to the north. D: Merchandise Dock Owned by Cleveland Cliffs with the likelihood of being deeded to the City. E: Remnant Piles Large collection of piles that formerly supported docks. F: Ore Dock Owned by Cleveland Cliffs and currently active. Will remain in use for the foreseeable future . �• Al Lower Harbor A: Public Access to Outer Breakwater United States Army Corps of Engineers owned and maintained breakwater protects the lower harbor. Provides desirable public access primarily for fishing . B: Coast Guard Station Office/Dock Coast Guard office and dock are located where the outer breakwater meets the land. Coast Guard residences currently located west of the lighthouse are proposed to be relocated to a new building adjacent to the office and dock. C: Seasonal Theater Local entertainment venue for theater productions. D: Cinder Pond Marina 104-slip public marina with fuel dock, boat launch/travel lift and marina services building. The marina, completed in 1994, is in excellent condition. E: Mattson Park Built on former coal dock pilings. Primarily a large open green space for warm weather events and skating in winter. Also contains a clock tower, play structure, and concession/restroom building . The surface walk along the bulkhead is in need of improvement. F: Yacht Club Private club consists of approximately 40 full members. Wednesday night Enson races around a 4.5 mile course. G: Association Dock and Fish Dock Privately owned docks are located on State of Michigan bottom lands. Lower harbor dock lessees and the City formed the Marquette Bay Association to purchase former railroad property from Wisconsin Central Ltd. Each lessee then retained ownership of their respective part. H: Ore Dock City owned ore dock, located on State of Michigan bottom lands. As Marquette's defining feature, there is broad support to retain the ore dock as a historically significant structure. View oj thl! ore duck from Frunr S,,-eet luwer Harbor Fi.th and Assot'iarion Dvch I: Ripley's Rock Natural feature important to the community. J : Abandoned Spear's Merchandise Docks Remnant piles formerly supported working docks. )) -y ,..)) -'\) 5 ~)) ~ ) ~) 'J) I)) I)) I)) ) )) ,.~ I)) )0 ~~ ~~ ~~ ~1 ,.. ) - )} �'' 9 ~ ~ • Program Goals and Design Principles The following Goals and Design Principles were identified during the planning process. Program Goals/Design Principles Maintain and promote public access Accommodate multiple water user groups • Large • Small • Recreational • Commercial Dovetail with current master plan Provide serviceable use areas with adequate infrastructure Provide long-term flexibility Promote sustainability Execute elements over time Maintain navigational integrity Ensure economic viability Provide private investment incentives Promote year-round use Swlmmers at Picnic Rvclcs t Pvtentlal winter acr,vitiel' �r r �t ~ ''''' Upper Harbor Preferred Plan The Upper Harbor Preferred Plan improvements are described below. The improvements incorporate Task Force and public input gathered throughout the planning process. The primary funding source for each of the elements is indicated in parenthesis. Improvements A: Presque Isle Marina Improvements (Public) Realign breakwater to improve access and efficiency, and reduce siltation Update dockage, including current utility/service standards Incorporate existing fuel tanks into new fuel dock system Upgrade harbor services building Update boat mix to include larger boat mix B: Merchandise Dock (Public) Provide public promenade Adapt and reuse existing structure at end of dock for vendor or concessionaire C: Remnant Pilings (Public) Incorporate land based museum/interpretive facility Reuse remnant piles for an observation deck that extends 100 feet from shore Preserve piles 100' beyond proposed observation deck as historic relics I: Peter White Drive (Public) Realign north of Lakeshore Boulevard to better organize parking and create a park-like entrance experience for both Presque Isle Park and Marina J: Marina Services Facility (Public) Facility proposed on land currently owned by LS&I. Establish a land agreement to develop a marina services facility Develop marina facility for service and storage of boats The facility can serve both Presque Isle and Cinder Pond Marinas K: Redevelopment Area (Private/Public Partnership) Consider re-use of existing structures on City-owned property for an eco-lodge development, retail, and food/beverage uses L: Trail Connections Maintain recreational trail connections Vending Opportunities (Private) Encourage private vending at key activity areas Design Character Guidelines Develop guidelines that build upon the high quality wilderness parkitecture style established with the park entry, new park pavilion, and gazebo The intention of the guidelines is to reinforce the vision and establish parameters for redevelopment Salvage remaining piles D: Cleveland Cliffs Ore Dock (Private) Maintain active use E: Kayak/Sailing Beach (Public) Improve beach for kayak and small sailboat put-in/take-out Provide kayak/small boat storage building combined with new restroom F: Boat Launch/Travel Lift Relocate launch next to Merchandise Dock Incorporate travel lift and pull out as part of launch area G: Fish Cleaning (Public) Provide fish cleaning pavilion adjacent to boat launch H: Parking (Public) Locate parking to accommodate beach, boat launch and additional marina slips Develop standards for parking lots that reflect a park-like setting The above images illw1rate putential a,·11vir/ej' and development oppurwnities envisioned �Cind« l-'00.d • B.xistin1 l•~t/1 ttumhilr 2-4' Jk 3(/ <9 38' I< Tl'lllll IOI Cunuuunity Sallllls Program•~ 2◄' 20 Hsb no..:t - EXUting l t SOlu,~rl~I l'i!h Doc!.:. Propooed 2< 40' 400 linear f~I As.~11Tlon Oo,,:k - H>.i5fing 40' t1so ~, 14 linCM' feel Associatk" llo.l.k. Proposoo 40' U (iu ;:~31lns loceliu1) IZOO linlW foct (24 ilips 1<1'50' oa) 0Nl);~k-Pn""""'1 1600 lin¢41' te-or (32 sltps Id, ,o•eo.) J kitel,C..IVdlllotl Ce111cr, Propo!!«I ~ JO' -40' 60' 28 14 'lbttll p,Jrp,1ndicular slips l'llrtllol oockitij.:i ~ Dock: MixL>J u.~ rcdeve.lopment $ -> m.ai main .-ch1ttcwnal lnregrlty <• l'lighl light ing H lllll""~lriate ❖ PUblic fn)ffil.'nadclbrcakw11.1l•r (X'fflide- (Ontinuous puhlk ll<!~\\!S alongp,:"ORk'l ... r f--i1s ;;;;; ~ PRllFllRRED ❖ iOlf'rprt l ivt lt1tlUtei ) i ~ i ; ; i ; ) ) ) ) ; ) PLAN Smith(ilu'lP JJR September 2003 i:xiscing pile reuse i ,QO MABOU£1iE HABBOR MAS'l'ER PLAN LOWER HARBOR ❖ lightin" o;. sc:i.lill,ll. ❖ 101 800' ) ) ) ) ~ �t t ' '''' ' Lower Harbor Preferred Plan The Lower Harbor Preferred Plan improvements are described below. The improvements incorporate Task Force and public input gathered throughout the planning process. The primary funding source for each of the elements is indicated in parenthesis. Improvements A: Cinder Pond Marina (Public) Maintain current configuration/use Adjust transient to seasonal mix as additional slips are built within the harbor B: Fish Dock (Private) Encourage and establish private partnership opportunities Provide public promenade Expand retail uses Encourage consistent architecture Encourage vending opportunities Provide protective breakwater at the end of dock Expand dockage along existing piles Reuse piles where possible Salvage remaining piles C: Association Dock (Private) Establish private partnership opportunities Provide public promenade Provide protective breakwater at the end of dock Expand dockage along existing piles Reuse piles where possible Salvage remaining piles D: Ore Dock (Public/Private Partnership) ~ Provide visual access of Ripley's Rocks, but limit physical access by separating the breakwater from the island Accommodate larger vessels along southern breakwater F: Harbor Promenade (Public) Provide a continuous promenade along the water's edge that links to trails to the north and south Maintain public access to the outer breakwater Enhance the bulkhead/promenade from Mattson Park to the proposed Hotel/Conference Center Create a common palette of amenities such as lighting, seating, interpretive features and other appropriate amenities G: Linkages to Downtown (Public) Provide visual and physical linkages between downtown and the waterfront emphasizing promenades that project into the harbor H: Trail Connections Provide trail connections north of Cinder Pond Marina and to the beach and trail south of the proposed Hotel/Convention Center Provide aesthetic fencing adjacent to the Coast Guard Theater/Marina Services (Private) Maintain current location of seasonal theater Expand seasonal marina services J : Fish Cleaning Facility (Public} Provide fish cleaning facility adjacent to Cinder Pond boat launch K: Cruiseship Docking(Public) Improve bulkhead at Mattson Park to accommodate cruise ships L: Community Sailing Program (Private) Reconfigure dockage for community sailing program Encourage adaptive reuse for mixed use development Provide public access and promenade along perimeter Provide public destination at terminus Provide protective breakwater at the end of dock Maintain architectural integrity of ore dock Limit activity on top of dock to historic interpretation Provide sensitively designed night lighting Accommodate parallel boat docking E: Hotel/Conference Center Marina (Private) Maintain alignment and reuse piles where possible Configure breakwater to protect basin from wave action within the outer breakwater Provide public promenades woth lighting, benches, interpretive features, and terminus features M: Amphitheater (Public} Locate amphitheater at the northwest corner of the harbor Provide access to floating platform and community sailing dockage N: Water Taxi (Private} Provide docking and wayfinding signage for water taxi Provide seasonal service between lower and upper harbor 0 : Canoe/Kayak Beach and Storage Facility (Public) Provide put-in/take-out beach at the South Railyard development Incorporate kayak/canoe/small boat storage into public pavilion proposed for the South Railyard development Vending Opportunities (Private} Encourage private vending at key activity areas The abow images il/usrratf.' putentia/ ao,wries and devt!lupment upportunuies envisioned Jor the Upper Harbor �APPENDIX F - South Area Land Use Plan 329 Marquette Master Plan - 2003 �McClellan Avenue South Area Land Use Plan May 2003 City of Marquette, Michigan �SOUTH McCLELLAN AREA LAND USE PLAN Purpose The purpose of the South Area Land Use Plan is to provide insight into the development opportunities in this area of the City, and recommend alternative land use plans for evaluation by the Planning Commission. The Planning Commission will then decide which recommendations will best benefit the long-term land use of both the south area and the city as a whole. The City of Marquette South Area Plan comprises a considerable portion of the city's urbanized area, as well as much of its undeveloped land stock. Geographically, the plan focuses on the portion of the city south of the US 41 / M-28 by-pass, with the exception of already developed properties along the US-41/M-28 corridor. Existing Condit ions Marquette's most impressive natural features, topography, and scenic viewsheds are located within the boundaries of the South Area Land Use Plan study area. The following summary items describe existing conditions. 1. The South Area Land Use Plan study area consists of 3,495 acres or 5.46 square miles . 2. There are three watersheds in the study area: the Carp River, Orianna Creek, and Whetstone Brook. The Whetstone Brook watershed extends along US-41/M-28 to an area just south and roughly parallel with Grove Street. The Orianna Creek watershed encompasses a considerable portion of the study area extending from the south limits of the Whetstone Brook watershed to an area ¼ mile pass the McClellan Road and M-554 intersection . The good-to-excellent water quality of many stream segments in both the Whetstone Brook and Orianna Creek watersheds support several thriving cold-water fisheries . 3. Major arterials serving the study area include McClellan Avenue (M-553), M- 554, Pioneer Road between McClellan Avenue and County Road 554, and Grove Street (between US-41/M28 in the western City Limits .) 4. Of the study areas 3,495 acres nine property owners control 2,088 acres or 60% of enumerated property. The major property owners include: • Northern Michigan University • Marquette General Hospital • Marquette Public Schools • Bernice Pauhahi Bishop Land Trust • O'Dovero Properties • Granite Pointe • Marquette Golf and Country Club • City of Marquette • State of Michigan 5. The former City of Marquette landfill is located off of Pioneer Road . 6. Several properties have been recently clear-cut in preparation for development. 7 . 1,436 acres, or 41 % of the study area have slopes in excess of 25%. 8. There are a number of mountain bike paths, which interlace the study area, especially in the area south of Pioneer Road . 9. Many private properties are currently used for outdoor recreation activities such as mountain biking, snow shoeing, cross country skiing, and hiking. !-" 1 �10 . The principle existing zoning within the study area includes: • RS - Residential Single Family • RM - Residential Multiple Family • CR - Conservation and Recreation • DD - Deferred Development 11 . The South McClellan Land Use Area is served by four hydro pressure districts which provide water to their respective district. The map entitled "Hydro Pressure Districts" highlights these areas in relation to other city service zones. The Cox Avenue Tank District serves the north portion of South McClellan Land Use Area along the US-41 corridor. The McClellan Avenue corridor is served by the Mountain Tank District, the Marquette Golf and Country Club is served by the Grove Booster District, and properties east of Division Street are served by the Lincoln Tank District and the Shiras Hills PRV District. Currently the City only has the ability to serve water to the southern limit of the existing golf course on the west side of McClellan Avenue and that the southern limit for the east side of McClellen Avenue ends at Granite Pointe. 2 �Plll'trld8f' Bay MARQUITTE COMMUNITY MASTER PLAN Hydro Pressure Districts ~r.isc-ce Cityd""-'iµrtt•.2003 - a25 o 0.25 0.5 Mies I ,,-.... 3 D D D D D D D D Cox Avenue Tank District Grove Booster District Lincoln Tank District Logan St PRV District Mountain Tank District Northwoods Pump District Sandy Knoll PRV District Shiras Hills PRV District Trowbridge PRV District �........... -- ~ 1";"' Findings /" Based on a meeting with property owners, visits to numerous study area sites, and reviews of technical, GIS, and planning information the following findings are summarized. l . Recent residential projects within the study area have resulted in large lot developments. An example of this type of development is along Vistanna Drive just west of McClellan Avenue near the Marquette Golf and Country Club, and Granite Pointe east of M-554 . 2. Most of the undeveloped portion of the Study Area is forested . 3. Natural topography varies in grade between 0% to over 70%. 4. 1,272 acres within the study area have slopes less than 18%. 5. 784 acres within the study area have slopes between 18% and 25%. 6. 1,436 acres within the study area have slopes greater than 25% 7. The Marquette Golf and Country Club is proposing an addition to their existing golf course with the future potential for limited residential development. O'Dovero Properties {Mount Marquette) is proposing a mixed use project with an 18-hole golf course, new ski lodge and hotel, water park, interval housing, and upscale year-round housing along the Carp River Valley. This project may involve the relocation of M-553 . 8. The Bernice Pauhahi Bishop Estate is in the process of being sold as part of a larger land disposition of their Upper Peninsula land holdings. 9. Public infrastructure, including roads and sewers, is capable of handling new development within the study area. 10. Northern Michigan University has indicated that the property it owns inside the study area will continue to be used for conservation and recreation for the foreseeable future. 11. Marquette General Hospital has indicated no immediate plans to develop their property M554. 12 . A long range planning option to consider is the extension of M-554 from its current terminus at the intersection of McClellan Avenue/M-553 westward into Marquette Township to provide another east-west arterial south of the US-41/M-28 Bypass. 13 . The 1996 Community Master Plan recommends the implementation ofresource-sensitive development practices for residential and commercial projects whenever feasible. 14. The mountain biking community would like to procure easements through the various privately owned parcels as part of a south trail system. 15 . Development of the former City of Marquette landfill on Pioneer Road will likely be limited to outdoor recreational purposes. 16. Extension of water lines into potential buildable areas will require engineering feasibility review and a review of capital infrastructure costs. ?' ,,......._ ,.-. ,,..--..._ ,,,--. .,,......._, ~ ~ ~ ,,,,-~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ,,-...., ~ ,,.-~ ~ ~ ,r--... 4 'A ~ ~ ~ ~ ,....--...,._ ~ ,,.,--.._ ~ ~ ~ r ~ �.........,_ MARQUITTE SOUTH AREA LAND USE PLAN Steep Slopes O.ii: Soun CI1W' d M ~ GIS, 2002 1 -.:...,,. j 18% Grade Maximum 25% 35% 60% 70% Grade Maximum Grade Maximum Grade Maximum Grade Maximum - 02 ¢ 0 02 0 4 Miles i 5 �Potential Buildable Areas and Dwellings Although a large amount of the undeveloped property in the study area is zoned for Single and Multiple Family Residential land uses some of this acreage is subjected to severe slope and grade issues. As mentioned previously, grades within the study area range from flat (0%) to areas in excess of 70% grade. Typically, land in excess of a 25% grade is deemed non-buildable due to problems associated with slope stability and soil erosion. The 1996 Community Master Plan advised against development in areas in excess of 18% slope, however, based on a review of technical literature this can be increased to 25% . As a result a Potential Buildable Area map was prepared which isolated buildable areas within the study area. There are fourteen ( 14) potential buildable areas within the study area ranging in size from 4 acres to 103 acres. Based on underlying zoning classifications these potential buildable areas would yield 294 single-family residential units and 804 multiple family dwelling units for a total dwelling unit build out of 1,098 dwellings. Based on the 2000 U.S. Census the City of Marquette had 8,418 dwelling units. The additional number of potential dwelling units would increase Marquette's housing stock by 13% or 9,516 dwelling units . POTENTIAL BUILDABLE AREA Parcel Size (Acres) Area Single Family 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Grand Total 51 .05 10.27 26.24 3.77 3.48 3.00 5.07 3.63 28.88 4.65 91 .69 103.45 27 .85 18.50 381 .53 48 9 20 3 0 0 0 0 0 4 65 101 26 18 294 Multiple Family All Housing Types 0 0 44 0 40 34 57 41 333 0 255 0 0 0 804 48 964 3 40 34 57 41 333 4 320 101 26 18 1,098 6 The potential buildable area assessment is based on current underlying zoning classifications. Modifications to the land use plan for the study area combined with changes to the zoning district designations will influence the final building potentials for this area. �MARQUETTE SOUTH AREA lAND USE PLAN Potential Buildable Areas - 02 ¢ 0 0.2 04 Mies I 7 �Land Use Scenario One - Maintain the 1996 Future Land Use Maintain the future land use configuration described in the 1996 Community Master Plan. Land use categories recommended in this plan included Resource Residential, ConseIVation Recreation, Multiple Family, and Commercial. Current zoning includes RS-Residential Single Family, RMResidential Multiple Family, CR-ConseIVation and Recreation, and DD-Deferred Development. An associated recommendation outlined in the Implementation Strategy of the plan discussed the use of an overlay ordinance to limit development on steep slopes in the south McClellan Road area. • Traditional application of land use categories. • Considerable land area classified as PreseIVation and Resource Sensitive Residential Development • Quality of implementation subject to local zoning controls. 8 �MARQUITTE SOUTH AREA LAND USE PLAN Scenario 1: 1996 Community Master Plan - 02 i Commercial Corridor Improvements Institutional Uses Preservation Areas Recreation Preservation/Maintenance ~ Residential D Residential Rehab Areas Resource-Sensitive Commercial Development Resource-Sensitive Residential Development US-41 Corridor Entrance ¢ 0 02 0 4 Mies I 9 �Land Use Scenario Two - Corridor Residential This land use scenario establishes a strong single-family residential network along the McClellan Road corridor with the exception of a small neighborhood commercial area at the McClellan Road / M-554 intersection, and a multiple family area to the immediate north . This land use scenario promotes larger lot residential development, which tends to be more infrastructure consumptive but less disruptive to natural features . To ensure that steep slope areas are protected the Planning Commission would enact a steep slope ordinance which would limit development in areas with slopes of 25% or greater. The proposed ordinance should allow for an exception to build access drives needed to access buildable areas above restricted steep slope zones. The Marquette Golf and Country Club and the former City of Marquette landfill would be designated ConservationRecreation, which would allow outdoor recreation related uses. Properties owned by NMU, the City of Marquette, and the State of Michigan in the southeast portion of the study area would be designated Recreation-Conservation. • McClellan Avenue used as an arterial spine to link residential areas. • Marquette Golf and Country Club and properties in the southeast portion of the study area classified as Recreation-Conservation. • When steep slope provisions are enacted to limit building in certain areas residential neighborhoods will develop in enveloped clusters. • Westward expansion of M-544 at the McClellan Avenue and M-554 intersection. • Single family would develop in much the same fashion as Harbour View and Orriana Drives . r,;:;_· F:" ,;;::;,...---..,_ ~ 10 �r 1,. Margu-ett~ il- r ~- ·. . -~,~ ,. MARQUETTE SOUTH AREA LAND USE PLAN Scenario 2: Corridor Residential - 0.2 ~ Single Family Residential D Multiple Family Residential General Commercial D Neighborhood Commercial D .Recreation/Conservation - • • • N 0 Proposed Road New Intersection 0 02 0 4 Mies I 11 �Land Use Scenario Three - Watershed Residential This land use scenario segments the study area into three (3) larger land use patterns: Single Family Residential, Recreation - Conservation, and Watershed Residential. Several other minor land use categories such as Neighborhood Commercial, General Commercial, and Residential Multiple are found primarily along the perimeter of the study area. The new land use designation - Watershed Residential would set the stage for a companion zoning district which would require development in this zone to meet certain design standards established to limit development on steep slopes and along stream segment conservation corridors but allow developers the opportunity to cluster development and take advantage of mixing housing types to achieve higher densities in designated buildable areas. In addition, special use provisions can be extended toward resort related developments. All development in this area would be treated as a planned unit development. • Marquette Golf and Country Club and properties in the southeast portion of the study area classified as Recreation-Conservation . • Westward expansion of M-544 at the McClellan Avenue and M-554 intersection . • Properties within the Watershed Residential area would be developed as planned unit developments (PUD) extending to property owners higher density allowances and the ability to mix housing types in exchange for quality design and preservation of open space. • Properties north of Pioneer Road would remain as traditional single family with general commercial along US-41 / M-28 . .,,,..... ,,,...--.\ ;;;::;, ,,., " ,;::; ,,--,.-,-.. ~ ~ .,----.,.. r::::::: 2 ,,,---. ~ ..----. ,,....... ;;,-. ,....,.--~ :--.. ' 12 ,,----._ ,,...... c--. ~ ~--- ~ ~ ~ ~ ·~ �Marquette .... 0 ~ MARQUETTE SOUTH AREA LAND USE PLAN Scenario 3: Watershed Residential ...- .ot:2==:::io,4 Mies u■ iii--=::0 ~ Single Family Residential D D D D N 0 Multiple Family Residential Watershed Residential General Commercial Neighborhood Commercial Recreation/Conservation Proposed Road New Intersection 13 �Conditions Applied to All Land Use Scenarios 1. Conservation Corridors - Areas north of Pioneer Road and east of McClellan Avenue are considered within the Urban Zone addressed in the Whetstone Brook and Orianna Creek Watershed Management Plan. Tributaries within this zone shall have a stream (riparian) buffer of twenty-five {25') feet either side of the ordinary high water mark. Areas in the Emerging Urban Zone addressed in the same plan shall have a stream (riparian) buffer of one hundred ( 100') feet either side of the ordinary high water mark. 2. Neighborhood Commercial - All three land use scenarios depict the intersection at McClellan Avenue and M-554 as Neighborhood Commercial. With the long-term development potential of 1,000 plus dwelling units residents should have access to limited commercial offerings such as convenience groceries, gas, coffee shop, and bakery within this portion of the City. In addition, as recommended in the 1996 Community Master Plan this area should be accessible to non-motorized traffic. 3. Former City of Marquette Landfill - The former City of Marquette landfill should be utilized for outdoor recreation activities, as well as, providing a trailhead with off-street parking for mountain biking and cross-country skiing. 4. Mountain Bike Trail System - The land use plan recognizes that mountain bike trails lace the study area however the various land use scenarios do not recommend particular corridors. These should be designated in conjunction with local mountain bike interests and procured through easements from private property owners. Once a general routing plan is developed it could be consulted as properties petition for development and site plan approval. During this phase of the development process easements would be procured by the City of Marquette. 5. McClellan Avenue - The Walkable Communities Element of the 2003 Community Master Plan includes several recommendations for McClellan Avenue which should be considered by the Planning Commission. • All areas of McClellan Avenue should be narrowed to 2-3 lanes. In some areas streets will need to be converted to boulevard style medians with appropriate turning pockets. • Trails should be placed on all sections where high levels of access management (few driveways) can be maintained . • Roundabouts should be evaluated and placed, replacing 4-way stop controls. • All signalized, 4-way stop intersections and roundabout intersections should be well -lit. G. Pedestrian Access Across US-41 / M-28 Bypass - US-41 / M-28 Bypass creates a physical barrier dividing the community. Although dirt paths and bike trails along the road shoulders indicate some level of pedestrian activity crossing this segment of roadway is hazardous. The Planning Commission should evaluate the need to construct a non-motorized grade separation between these sections of the community. One solution would be to divert nonmotorized traffic to former Soo Line Railroad grade separation near the intersection of US-41 / M-28 and Washington Street. Another solution would be to install a non-motorized tunnel under US-41 / M-28 at the McClellan Avenue/ US-41 intersection. The grade differential between the north and south sides of McClellan Avenue would result in a tunnel on the south side and an at grade entry on the north side. The use of a non-motorized tunnel was successfully used in Petoskey, Michigan to connect the waterfront with the downtown by going under US-31. 14 �Recommended Land Use Plan After review and discussion the City of Marquette Planning Commission selected Land Use Scenario Three as the preferred land use map for the South Area Land Use Area. In doing so the following actions need to be addressed . 1. Formally adopt the South Area Land Use Plan pursuant to the Municipal Planning Act notification and public hearing requirements. 2. Formally adopt the Whetstone Brook and Orianna Creek Watershed Plan pursuant to the Municipal Planning Act notification and public hearing requirements. 3. Establish and adopt a new zoning district entitled, uResidential - Watershed (RW) ." Permitted uses should include: • Single Family Residential - Detached • Single Family Residential - Attached • Resort Related Residential Units (Timeshares, Interval Units, Etc.) • Hotels and Motels within a Resort Development • Private and/or Public Summer and Winter Recreational Uses 4. Adopt the Whetstone Brook and Orianna Creek Watershed Management Overlay Zone. Section 4: Critical Slopes of the proposed overlay ordinance should be amended to include the following: uFor the purpose of this section, steep slopes shall include land with slopes falling one vertical foot for every 6.67 lineal feet (15%) to one foot for every four lineal feet (25%) . Slopes greater than 25% shall not be disturbed unless a report submitted by a certified soils or geotechnical engineer indicating that a specified area can be disturbed and holding the City of Marquette harmless from loss of property is approved by the City Planning Commission." 15 - - - -- - - - - - �• "-1 \,_,---.. ---- 1~,·-·~ ,·....-U r.·· l..~,:- -~ Marquette Bay Cll c::: ~ tTI ~ ' ~ II ,_. 0 ;.:I MARQUITTE SOUTH AREA LAND USE PLAN Major Property Owners O.~ Scutt' C1ty d M.-quette GIS. 2002 D D - D § City of Marquette Forest Land Group Granite Pointe Marquette General Hospital Marquette Golf & Country Club Marquette Public Schools Northern Michigan University O'Dovero Properties State of Michigan ~ o■ iNM-=::::il o -1111111 0 ::::: 2 ==:::::i o.14 Miles 16 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Marquette_Community-Master-Plan_2004 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beckett & Raeder Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2004-05-04 Title A name given to the resource Community Master Plan City of Marquette, Michigan Description An account of the resource The Community Master Plan for the City of Marquette, Michigan was prepared by Beckett & Raeder in association with SSOE, Inc. U.P Engineers & Architects, Inc. Glatting, Jackson, Kercher, Anglin, Lopez, Rinehart, Inc. and Walkable Communities, Inc. and was adopted on May 4, 2004. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource SSOE, Inc. U.P Engineers & Architects, Inc. Glatting, Jackson, Anglin, Lopez, Rinehart, Inc. Walkable Communities, Inc. (consultant) Subject The topic of the resource Master plan reports Marquette (Mich.) Marquette County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e4bfab2b709ffe8b7d8e0af510db9c14.pdf aad6e9ce47d137423b071422bac06614 PDF Text Text The Michigan Philanthropy Oral History Project Interview Log Sheet Storyteller: Thomas F. Beech Interviewer: Bonnie Allen Date: 10/16/06 Time: 37:33 Facilitator: N. Pumilia Location: Kalamazoo (1:15) Apache Corporation TB working in Minneapolis, MN. Met the head of the Minneapolis Foundation, a philanthropic organization. Now works at the Fetzer Institute (3:30) Discuss his transition from business world to philanthropy (5:00) Describe what practices non-profit could adapt from business world (8:00) Discuss his early mentors and guides, learning forgiveness, listening, sense of humor, Pastor from Catholic Church: John Gardener, taught that dialogue was most important aspect of philanthropic work (12:30) Describes work in Ft. Worth, Texas With Johnny and Shirley Lewis, and obstacles they overcame (14:30) Advice to young people interested in philanthropic work. Effective work is done by those who are passionate about what they do (19:00) Discusses issues with the people approaching those involved in philanthropic work, a level of discomfort around the issue of money (23:00) Power that comes from having money can be a difficult aspect of being a philanthropist (25:30) Heart of philanthropy, grew out of courage to teach: a program designed to teach teachers how to teach from their own unique person (27:30) Retreats take to encourage dialogue and storytelling amongst groups of co-workers (29:00) work with law and society has work in Kalamazoo (30:00) Discusses how he came to work for Fetzer Institute. Focused on the “power of love and forgiveness” reconciling inner and outer life, what is deeply important to us to how/where we live, who we live with (34:00) Discusses connectedness and similarity disconcerted between mission and work of Fetzer with other organizations �(35:00) Talks about the importance of story telling and individual experiences to the work � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d18c3b007eec62c93cc30a056f30fce9.mp3 9fe9e6399d6581536f522e8350255442 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Michigan Philanthropy Oral History Project Interviews Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society--Personal narratives Family foundations--Michigan Charities--Michigan Description An account of the resource The Michigan Philanthropy Oral History Project (MPOHP) was initiated in 2006 as an innovative partnership between the Council of Michigan Foundations, StoryCorps, Michigan Radio and the Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership at Grand Valley State University to create an oral history of Michigan philanthropy. Additional video interviews were created by the Johnson Center for Philanthropy to add to the depth and breadth of the collection. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/516">Michigan Philanthropy Oral History Project (MPOHP) (JCPA-08). Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-05-02 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Sound Text Moving Image Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource audio/mp3 application/pdf video/mp4 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-08 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2006-2008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Johnson Center for Philantrhopy Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource StoryCorps (Project) Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context JCPA-08_Beech-Allen Title A name given to the resource Conversation with Tom Beech and Bonnie Allen Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beech, Tom Description An account of the resource Bonnie Allen, attorney at the Center for Healing and the Law, interviews her colleague Tom Beech, President & CEO of The Fetzer Institute in Kalamazoo, Michigan, about his history in philanthropy and what he's learned along the way, including: dialogue being the most important aspect of philanthropy; the most effective work is done by people who are passionate about what they do; that the power that comes from having philanthropic dollars can be difficult; and that storytelling is critical to the work of philanthropy. Subject The topic of the resource Philanthropy and society--Personal narratives Family foundations--Michigan Charities--Michigan Fetzer Institute Women Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 application/pdf Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives, Johnson Center for Philanthropy Archives, Council of Michigan Foundations StoryCorp Interviews Relation A related resource Johnson Center Philanthropy Collection (JCPA-08) Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sound Portraits Productions StoryCorps (Project) Michigan Radio, Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2006-10-16 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/56feb5cb7375baf380d4ac976840e09c.mp4 78180687d0d809cf9d08f50c64133cc3 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/48ab79c01b643c1a4f9aa8ade25d637b.pdf 119d723721538d8d45677a2c1074e795 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Louis Begin (00:45:06) (00:05) Introduction (00:10) Childhood and Family • • • • • • • • Born December 18, 1921 in Springdale, PA—15 miles east of Pittsburgh Was 5 ½ years old when his family moved to Detroit Spoke only Hungarian until the first grade when he learned English Father spoke no English and mother spoke just a little. Parents emigrated from Hungary to Pennsylvania where they met and got married. Parents emigrated in 1919 Father was a core maker in a glass factory in Pennsylvania, and then worked in a Steel Mill in Detroit as a core maker, and then did menial jobs after the mill closed Went to Southwestern High School Was an only child (8:10) Early Adulthood • • • • Found out about Pearl Harbor, when he was playing card with his buddies (8:10) Played the Trombone in high school, and went into the Naval Reserve Marching Band in Detroit before the war. Tried to enlist in the Navy, but was sent to the Coast Guard recruiting station instead. Enlisted in the Coast Guard (11:30) (11:30) Service • • • • • • • • Ended up on a small escort vessel. Had a crew of ten men. Helped put convoys together in the Delaware Bay. The Convoys would then proceed on to their destination. (11:40) Would sail as far as Nova Scotia escorting ships Did this task for 2 years Entered the service March 2, 1942 (13:38) Went to boot camp at Camp May, New Jersey. (14:10) Worked out of Cape May Air Station, and there were blimps stationed there. Took basic training at Coast Guard Training Station in Baltimore, MD. Was at training for several months. (14:50) Never sank or saw a submarine. Their sole job was escort. �• • • • • • Had some problems, had to get decommissioned at Philadelphia, which was up the Delaware River. They had him working at a shop in Philadelphia working on engines, due to his background in mechanic work. (17:15) Was then assigned to a Captain’s boat, which was a 6 man vessel. His job was to move the Captain around from place to place when it was called for. (18:45) Was then moved to Flint, MI to go the General Motors Institute of Technology to learn diesel engines. (21:00) He also got married while he was in the service, in February of 1943. His wife then moved to the base with him in a two bedroom apartment. He was then transferred to an assault transport in New York. On his way, his train from Detroit was passing through Canada, when the train stopped, and the people outside the train were waving newspapers that said that the Japanese had surrendered. However, the train continued on to New York. In New York, he was told that he had enough points to be discharged, so he was then shipped to a Naval Armory where he was officially discharged. (23:41) (27:00) Post-War • • • • • • • • • After discharge, went home and went to work at Consolidated Gas Company as a pipe fitter. (27:00) During the war, had a baby girl and a baby boy. Has 5 Grandchildren and 7 Great Grandchildren Daughter works at an adoption agency, and son worked at Bell Telephone. Son was paralyzed in a car accident in 1988, and is confined to a wheelchair. He worked as a Detroit Police Officer for 25 years, retired from the force in 1971. (33:40) He worked at the Gas Company for a short time, and went for the police exam. He passed the exam and began his job in inner city Detroit for 17 years. He eventually attained the rank of sergeant. He also worked for 6 years as a firearms instructor at the police academy. He also worked educating many different firearms laws. Lived on west side of Detroit in retirement. Eventually settled in Gaylord, MI. Worked as a real estate associate for a few years. Wife worked as a nurse. Became a Mason in 1950 and a Shriner later. �" " , I II , I II I\ i I I j l.J) () I S � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BeginL Title A name given to the resource Begin, Louis (Interview outline, video, and papers), 2007 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Begin, Louis Description An account of the resource Louis Begin Jr. was born to Hungarian immigrants in Pennsylvania. His family then moved to Detroit, MI after his father lost his job. He enlisted in the Coast Guard after the attack at Pearl Harbor. He was then assigned to guard ships going in and out of the Delaware River. His ship was then decommissioned, and he was forced to work as a mechanic on engines in Philadelphia. Then he was transferred to Flint, MI where he was trained to work on diesel engines. A photograph of Begin in uniform is appended to interview outline. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collins Sr., Charles E. (Interviewer) Collins, Carol (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans United States. Coast Guard World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Video recordings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-05-24 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a823f6b6db6abbb45716fe6f03e3fe63.mp4 07a8085113c3b783fa866fd870ed9a24 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c68a6b7340aa08fe99d0477155be18cc.pdf 04353ae37feddea5f6413ab304367623 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview World War II Richard Beimers Total Time – (58:55) Background · · · · · · · · · · · His dad worked on the railroad for many years (02:41) His grandfather gave his father ten acres of property to farm on His family paid taxes on the land of $8.88 a year (06:59) He had two brothers and a sister o He was the oldest child He was born in 1920 (07:45) His family did not have money but they were not poor – everyone was in the same position If he wanted meat to eat, they would go fishing or hunting (08:46) o Squirrel, raccoon, woodchuck, etc. He went to McBride School in Lowell, Michigan (09:12) o He went there through the eighth grade o He had to walk to school (09:27) o It was a one room schoolhouse § There were only eleven kids through eight grades o He was paid fifty cents to go to school early and start a fire so that it would be warm when others go there He had surgery on his eye in Grand Rapids, Michigan when he was in elementary school (11:40) He went to Lowell High School (13:10) He was not affected by the news of the war Enlistment/Training/MPEG Duty – (15:32) · He then got his draft notice (15:35) o He felt cocky because the State Police had not wanted him because of his bad eye · He was sent to Fort Custer in Battle Creek, Michigan (16:03) o They traveled there by train or bus o At Fort Custer, he had to do an eye check – he told them he could not see a thing (16:20) �o After some time, he was told that he was taken into the non-combatant service (17:49) · After Fort Custer, he was transferred to Fort McCoy in Wisconsin (18:26) o He was put in an MPEG (Military Police Escort Guard) (18:35) o In Wisconsin there was a German aliens camp for those that had not been legalized § The soldiers had to guard the Germans twenty-four hours a day (19:11) o He spent nearly three months there in Fall of 1942 · Before he had been sent to be an MPEG, he had been in basic training (19:51) o Basic training was full of marching, courtesy of officers, military information o There was marksmanship training as well o All of the soldiers in basic training were limited service people (20:20) Active Duty – (22:02) · After he served as an MPEG, he was transferred to Station Hospital at Fort McCoy (22:05) o He was put on ward duty § There were roughly sixty wards o He was in the contagious ward (22:39) § There was a disease called sleeping sickness that was going around o After he served in the contagious ward, he then served in a women’s ward § He was in the women’s ward for nearly a year and a half (24:22) · The war was beginning to heat up in Europe and Japan at this time (24:31) · After the women’s ward, he was transferred to another outfit called 156 General Hospital (25:28) · He left from that outfit to Fort Dix in New Jersey (26:05) o They stayed there for around a week until they received new uniforms o From Fort Dix, they were sent to New York where they got on the Queen Lizzy [Queen Elizabeth] (26:44) § There were 17,000 men on the boat § They were headed to Europe § The trip took just under five days § They arrived in Liverpool, England (27:37) · From Liverpool they took a train to Hereford, England (27:44) · They were supposed to set up a hospital in France · Instead, they were set up in a British hospital (28:09) o He was in Hereford for a year · He never saw any air raids, but he did see bombers flying over · They received two trains of patients every week (31:25) o Not all of them were in bad shape �· · · · · · · · · · · o Soldiers were either sent back to the battlefields or to ZI (Zone Interior) (32:08) § Zone Interior soldiers were sent back to the United States The hospital in England only lost seven patients the whole year he was there (33:06) When the soldiers would go out into the cities, it became apparent what civilians wanted to talk to the American soldiers and what ones did not He was overcharged for a beer the first time he went into an English bar o The English did not like the American soldiers because they were gluttons in the bars where beer was basically rationed (36:12) On a five day vacation in London, England, he could hear the Buzz Bombs flying over (37:22) o One of the Buzz Bombs fell three blocks away After the Germans had surrendered he was waiting to get sent back to the United States (38:32) He went five weeks without a bath, shower, or a shave (38:45) o All of their stuff had been sent elsewhere and they were just waiting for transportation Most of the wounds he saw at the hospital were in the buttocks (40:06) o It is the highest point that sticks up when a soldier is laying on the ground The worst thing he saw was an 18 year old who put his helmet over top of a grenade o The grenade took both of his arms off at the elbows (41:14) Once he left England, he was sent to Fort Dix before he was sent to Fort Crowder in Missouri (42:01) o They were sent there to prepare for being shipped to the South Pacific He was at Fort Crowder when the atomic bombs were dropped in Japan (42:31) o They were there for roughly five weeks doing nothing From Fort Crowder, he was sent to Camp Atterbury in Indiana (43:15) After the Service – (43:18) · He was discharged from Camp Atterbury · He received the Good Conduct Medal (43:54) · He also received the American Theater Ribbon, European Theater Ribbon, and a Victory Medal · His discharge was officially on November 17, 1945 (45:34) · He was married just before he left for Europe · His wife went to a beautician school to be a hair dresser · His first son was born two months after he left for overseas (47:03) · When he came home, he returned to Lowell, Michigan and then lived in Grand Rapids, Michigan for some time (47:15) · When he came out of the service he worked for a manufacturing company �· · · · · o He threaded tubes After he left his job at the manufacturing company, he worked at a spring and wire company in Grand Rapids, Michigan (49:49) He then went to work with a friend that offered him a job at a service gas station o It was his friends own business o His friend offered him the business in 1957 (51:35) His gas station provided the first car wash in Lowell After he left his station, he went to work for a delivery company (55:25) He eventually had his bad eye removed (56:35) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BeimersR1415V Title A name given to the resource Beimers, Richard (Interview outline and video), 2004 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beimers, Richard Description An account of the resource Richard Beimers was born in 1920 in Lowell, Michigan and spent his early life in the Grand Rapids, Michigan. After injuring his eye as a young person, Richard received a surgery that caused him to lose sight in his right eye. He was eventually drafted into the service and sent to Fort Custer in Battle Creek, Michigan where he learned that he would serve as a non-combatant service man. After receiving basic training, he was sent to Fort McCoy in Wisconsin where he served as an MP Escort Guard, guarding illegal German aliens. He was then transferred to Station Hospital at Fort McCoy where he served as a guard in the contagious and woman's wards. Richard was eventually sent to Hereford, England where he served in a hospital for one year. The hospital where he worked received two trains of patients every week but he only remembers losing seven patients during his entire service. He was eventually sent back to the United States and discharged in Indiana on November 17, 1945. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Blough, Ivan (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2004-11-18 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d846ce19f7af5056b8f843ea140f0f8d.mp4 570a0204ba81f4ef963314544c9cdf52 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1d037e4872bff46e83c5b9f49dea96cf.pdf a039909437c7979aa25409e16a8d0a89 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veteran’s History Project Interview Vietnam War George Calvin Bekkering Length of Interview (00:44:33) Military Background (00:00:23) Was a part of the Army and served in the Vietnam War: 1967-1968 • Arrived as an E-3, Private 1st Class, and came back as a Sergeant, E-5 • Base camp was in Chu Lai, South of Danang Background (00:01:03) Born in Byron Center, MI in 1947 At the age of 4, moved to Howard City, Michigan; lived there for ten years Service (00:01:20) Was drafted into the army after graduating from high school; October 1966 • Bekkering was living with his parents in Portland, Michigan, at that time • Worked for a construction company laying cement block prior to being drafted His first days in the service were a “learning experience” • Had to get physically fit and learn to take orders (in order to learn to trust in each other) • Trained to be a ground soldier, 11B Bravo was his MOS (a job classification) which meant light infantry (00:02:30) Vietnam (00:03:20) Vietnam’s climate was quite tropical, but in the mountains it was cooler (similar to Michigan). In the river valleys, there was more jungle (called triple canopy) • Had banana trees, pineapple groves, rubber trees, and a lot of rice paddies • At one point, a monsoon came through with temperatures near 40 degrees Fahrenheit, and no support could come through due to dense fog �Interacted with citizen very little (00:04:40) • Had a division camp in Chu Lai and traveled via helicopter to places called LZ’s (landing zones) where they would set up perimeters and build bunkers • There they would perform 1-3 day operations Combat (00:05:30) Since Vietnam was a police action, soldiers could not fire, “aggress”, unless they were fired upon first (00:06:27) January 17, 1968 received a Bronze Star with a “V” device for valor (00:06:50) • Was carrying a machine gun at the time • Ordered to run across a field to set-up the machine gun (Bekkering elaborates on this story later - look to section Bronze Star) At one point Bekkering and four men were cut off and ambushed (00:07:46) • Four civilian women, who were scared of the impending attack, walked with them • When the firefight began, someone ordered to shoot the women because they were in the way • It was not heeded, so Bekkering’s group were caught between two rice paddies • The women were lined up in front of them to prevent the Vietcong from shooting • As the Vietcong shot the ground in front of the women, Bekkering’s group kept shouting for them to stop until a jet dropped napalm on the aggressors 50% of Bekkering’s unit, during the war, were either wounded or died during battle (00:09:27) • Bekkering knew one man who, after being drafted into the Army, gained 3 Purple Hearts and had the choice of leaving the war. He stayed until gaining his 4th Purple Heart which he gained after being shot through the knee Bronze Star (00:10:40) Jan. 17, 1968, was in a Free Fire Zone • United State Army dropped leaflets to Vietnamese civilians telling them to vacate the area �In a “Ranger” type of operation, Bekkering and his unit were ordered to surround a village and go in to search it When his group was just going around the stone fences that surrounded a long open field, fire broke loose; ambushed from the right side The Lieutenant was in the middle of the field and was the main focus of the fire • The RTO (Radio Transmission Operator) and the men before and after him were also the main focus; life expectancy is considered to be 11 seconds for them in a firefight Lieutenant yelled for the machine gun, so Bekkering and his assistant machine gunner ran across the field while under fire After setting-up, he shot off many bursts effectively ending the firefight • Bekkering suspects the Vietcong backed off because they were low on ammunition; but he likes to think it was because of the machine gun Down Time (00:15:30) Communication Stayed in touch with family strictly through letters • No phones- could only be used in emergencies at home (U.S.). Could only use a telephone at the base in Chu Lai Food and Supplies Ate C-rations, similar to WWII • Always contained 4 cigarettes, book of matches, napkin, toilet paper, and a piece of candy (called Tropical Chocolate) Resupplied from behind, luckily there was no snow so resupplying wasn’t obstructed • Usually a lot of rice for meals. Milk came from Subic Bay, Philippines Had plenty of ammunition, good air support • Sometimes helicopters couldn’t land because of “Hot LZ’s”, which meant the surrounding Vietcong were too heavily armed Infantry were sometimes used to draw fire in which the Air Force was called in • If it was bad enough, a battleship, called Kennedy, would use its 16in. guns and shoot �• The guns shot 2000lbs, one ton, bullets (Bekkering compares them to a Volkswagen); accurate up to 20 miles • Jets would also come in and drop 500lb bombs and a lot of napalm Entertainment (00:20:15) When there was time, they would play P-knuckle in base camp • Bekkering would stand guard on his machine gun while the others did this • There were four men on machine gun and one always had to be on guard through the night • If there was a chance of being attacked, everyone had to keep watch all night • Would get mortared and have “sappers” try to sneak in often; “sappers” tried sneaking in by coiling the wires that surrounded the camp “Humor” (00:21:58) Bekkering finds that what was humorous during the war, is only morbid now You get “slanted” or ineffectual • One time, a man in his unit, who carried an M79 (grenade launcher), decided to shoot off a grenade straight up in the air while they were sitting; and they all laughed about it even though it was a dangerous situation Vietnam (00:23:23) Only interacted with civilians when they were being sold stuff • Vietnamese called G.I’s “bu co” which means “a lot” Bekkering never saw the bullets he shot actually hit someone, being a machine gunner probably made this happen • He is thankful for this because he does not feel the pain it would cause if he had The soldiers needed to trust each other, so his unit was really close during the war (00:25:14) • He compares friendships made in WWII and Korea vs. Vietnam • Is not friends with the men he went to war with now but has attended two reunions �Bekkering felt that the war didn’t feel like a war when he was there, was more like a police action; a “political war” (00:27:51) • Soldiers were told not to carry any rounds in their weapons unless they were shot at; this was very demoralizing • Few abided this rule; Lieutenant would try to enforce the SOP (Standard Operating Procedures): No rounds in the chamber • Medics and Machine Gunners had an 11 second life expectancy Leaving Vietnam (00:29:44) The night before leaving, his camp was attacked, and a mortar went off right next to his bunker (the Lieutenant and RTO were also leaving the next day) The Lieutenant called in a helicopter to transport the wounded in the middle of the night, which he directed into landing safely • Bekkering had never witnessed anything like that ever before; he was truly afraid that he was going to die that night, but what his Lieutenant had done amazed him The next day, at 10 AM, a helicopter took him back to Chu Lai; boarded a Fixed Wing Aircraft and flew to Saigon, then flew commercial flights back to the U.S. (00:32:40) Final discharge at an Army Base in the state of Washington After the War (00:34:36) Got a job as a Consumers Power Company two week after coming home Arrived home October 5, 1968 Was greatly influenced in his thinking of war and the military when in Vietnam (00:36:37) • Is not against war Bekkering displays the medals he earned during his time in the Army (00:40:00) • Bronze Star with “V” device, Distinguished Service Medal, Americal Division 198th Infantry Brigade (his division) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BekkeringG Title A name given to the resource Bekkering, George (Interview outline and video), 2005 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bekkering, George Description An account of the resource George Bekkering was drafted into the Army after graduating high school in 1966. He served in the Vietnam War for one year, 1967-1968, as a light infantry soldier in the 198th Infantry Regiment, Americal Division. His division camp was based in Chu Lai, which is south of Da Nang. He engaged in many fire fights and received the Bronze Star with a "V" device for saving his Lieutenant's life during an ambush. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Parker, Taryn (Interviewer) Caledonia High School (Caledonia, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings United States. Army Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005-06-02 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c59f9bf9dcc9119a8a4cf503ac55e34b.mp4 4f0e3d17a74f413f35285835a4bd8d04 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/cffc9acb11a6e01e2e1e07f8d9677417.pdf c55bc3668777774525f179a7c8cd542d PDF Text Text William James College Interviews GV016-16 Interviewer: Barbara Roos Interviewee: Tom Bell Date: 1984 [Bell] Here at the Network, the Amway Network, bringing to you live today, a discussion. What was it you wanted to touch on? [Suzanne] [Inaudible] [Bell] What kind of things was it that, you know, we talked about the other day that seems relevant to you? [Suzanne] Community. [Bell] Community? You wanted to talk about community. That's probably the most difficult… [Suzanne] Why don't we warm up here for second [inaudible]. [Bell] Okay. What do you want to talk about? Where do you want to start? [Suzanne] How have you used what you learned at William James in your life today? [Bell] Okay, that's a really good question. I'm using the things that I got out of William James in ways that I probably didn't understand or didn't expect when I was in school. I think like a lot of folks, when you reach a certain point of pursuing an education in particular field where you're really paying all your attention to that particular field and you sort of set aside as a matter of convenience or really in the drive to obtain a degree, a goal to get out and do what it is you think you want to do. And so that process for me, I think I put aside a lot of the things were being talked about at William James. About process, about integration, about preparing for change. I put those things out of my mind as being conscious focused items and can try to get on with what I was there to learn. And oddly enough, the things that were the most valuable to me from William James, were exactly the things William James was trying to talk about. The aspects of integrating other disciplines into your own chosen field of discipline. To look towards the future with an eye to changing and accommodating change. Both social change and personal change. And I think, now, that a lot of the things that I really was pursuing and at the time with intensity, technical skills and job opportunities, are really not that valuable to me now. The things that are valuable to me are the �skills I've got that allow me to perceive the opportunities of change or the indicators of the need for change. The comfort that I have with going to other disciplines or actually always looking at other disciplines to see what it is that they're doing that I might find useful in my own genre of activity. I think that skill alone has probably made it worthwhile to spend time at William James. That has allowed me to have a greater breadth of ability and conversation with people doing other things. And that's terrifically valuable. [Suzanne] How was that enacted at William James? [Bell] I'm not sure I understand what you're saying. [Suzanne] How was the interdisciplinary thing that you are talking about, how did you see that happening at William James. As a student, walking in there. [Bell] I think the whole idea of interdependent disciplines was, and is, a difficult concept both to talk about in pragmatic ways and difficult to show unless you have a particular problem right in front of you. In my case, some of the things that I found really useful was… I was pursuing working in media realms with an eye towards social applications, to use media, and video, and film for social change in education and awareness. Which is, in a lot of times, becomes a very technical endeavor. And the things that I found useful in terms of interdisciplinary kinds of approaches to things. Let me back that up. The things I found useful in terms of interdisciplinary… the things that I found useful in terms of interdependent disciplines was developing the practice of looking at other disciplines like engineering to see how they organized their thought processes. I found a lot of things that engineers use, in terms of organizing projects and presentation modes, to be very useful, both in terms of organizing my own thoughts and my own projects, but also in terms of talking to technical people. It gave me the skill to know that I can go in and talk to this group of people within their own jargon, within their own realm, the paradigms that they're most comfortable with. That was a tool that I might not have otherwise had, had I stayed working with visual artist, or graphic artists, or writers, or musicians. And I'm sure that wouldn't have been available to me. I think another example of that is the way that environmentalists think about issues. In terms of taking an issue with a larger scope and water pollution, air pollution, viewing that in terms of how it affects a region, how it affect the whole nation, how it affects a neighboring nation, and then taking that larger view and then being able to bring it right down to a specific region of activity, a specific area that's contribute into it, or not contributing to it, and examining those things. In essence, being able to jump from a macro view of a situation to the micro aspects of it. Now that's a skill that has to be developed within that realm that is also directly applicable to what I do. Again, it also gave me the vernacular, as it were, of another discipline, so that when dealing with people in another discipline, where you can start out with a common ground. And �I think probably even more importantly than starting out a common ground is the process of developing the ability to listen to other individuals, to other practices, other disciplines. And any time you practice something like that you're going to get better at listening to them. Let me start that over again. I think more than being able to use the particular knowledge I've through the practice of… that's not what I want to say either. I think the practice of looking to apply interdisciplinary approaches to what you're doing, is probably immeasurably valuable. It has given me a leg up in getting in on particular kinds of activities, from the start. But also, it gives me a sense of comfort in dealing with awkward situations, knowing that, you know, that I do have a skill that I've been working with that is aimed at understanding other points of view, other applications, and not only understanding, but doing it with an eagerness to say: "What can I get out of this that's useful for me." [Suzanne] Do you remember [inaudible] students come in and had to go through this transition period [inaudible]. Do you remember that? [Bell] Yeah, yeah. [Suzanne] Can you describe it? [Bell] Probably not. The transition period of coming into William James, of leaving a conventional educational environment to getting into this alternative environment, I think was really awkward for a lot of people. People just didn't catch on. People didn't understand that you're responsible for your own process. You're responsible for your own education. And that was an idea foreign to a lot of students. Especially in the later years of William James. Now in the earlier years, it was a whole different story. That was the reason the school was there. I mean it was a reason a lot of those instructors, a lot of those professors, chose to be at William James was because they wanted students who were going to assume responsibility for their own educational process. I think that transition period of going from a high school or perhaps some other college that was a very structured, rigidly structured, environment into the William James environment was awkward for a lot of people. It wasn't particularly awkward for me, it was exciting for me, it was exactly what I wanted to do, and I wanted to get on with it. I couldn't learn fast enough in William James. It was an exciting period, to have the opportunity to jump into the kind of things that I wanted to do, at the pace that I wanted to do it at, was exhilarating, and I couldn't get enough of it. [Suzanne] Can you describe it [inaudible] a little bit more? [Bell] What kind of things are you looking for? What would be useful for me to touch on? �[Suzanne] What would be really useful if you said, in one line, actually you just said it. [Bell] No, I can say it again if it’s going to be for help for editing. As long are you're not making me lie. [Suzanne] No, it’s what you said actually about the students changed. Just some of the changes in here, real succinctly. Like the students changed. At first, they came here they came here, they didn't have to have that transition and later they had to make that transition and a lot of them couldn't and that was a problem. [Bell] I think making the transition from a conventional educational realm, whether it's high school, or another college, to the environment William James was difficult for a lot of people. The change in having the ownership of responsibility on the student was both a hard one for some people to comprehend and apply more. [Suzanne] More specifically… [Bell] Not that succinct, huh? [Suzanne] More specifically, when the school first started, people were specifically looking for that and they… [Bell] Oh, I see what you're saying. [Suzanne] How that transition, you think, was a problem. [Bell] Sure, sure. I think one of the unpleasant aspects for me about the experience of William James was… no, I don't want to do that either, that's kind of putting it in a negative tone. That's the way I feel, but when William James started, the responsibility for an individual's education was on the student. And I think that's why a lot of teachers were there. It was a different environment, a different way to work. I would say almost all the students that I met in earlier years of William James, that's why they were there, they wanted to shape their own educational experience. Well, that changed as the time period changed. We got a new generation of students and they just wanted to be handed the routine that they could adopt or adapt themselves to, rather. And I think that was a real major indicator that William James time as a college had come and gone. [Suzanne] Okay, now, community. Can you describe what the William James community was? Just the other day… it was a network, a network. It wasn't being friends; it wasn't all that. [Bell] I think one of the more nebulous parts of the William James experience has got to be trying to describe that community. I think for the most part, the William �James community only really exists between those students who caught on to being self-responsible for the educational experience. And they aren't necessarily the students who stayed in contact with each other on a social kind of basis, or even perhaps in in the professional realm. And yet that community of independent thinkers is a powerful one. Especially as students get further away from their educational period, their time in college and find the need to make contacts in other realms. That there is a network of people that exist because of William James where the dialogue has- the tone of the dialogue, rather, has only been established. It's one of being ready to think in alternative modes. But that community is a very narrow one and I don't think all the students from William James belong in that community, either by choice or just by being able to carry on the dialogue. It's sort of a self-exclusive room. [Suzanne] Can you describe it? The other day you were talking about what it wasn't. [Inaudible] It was great, there was this community there that was interdependent, and it wasn't friends or whatever. Remember you were talking about. [Bell] Yeah, yeah, and I'm not so sure that I really made the point that I feel strongly about come across. I think the community of William James College is very unique one, in that it is made up of people who are posturing themselves or placing themselves in the positions, intentionally, so they can discuss alternatives in what they're involved with. Whether it be alternatives in environmental aspects, or media aspects, or management. There is a basis for dialogue whose foundation lies upon this desire to look at alternatives and see if they might not be more appropriate. That's a very unique kind of community. It's a very exciting kind of community. It's, I think, a very, very valuable kind of community that is probably not going to happen again for a while. I think people are very much attuned, nowadays, in this particular period of you know ten years or so, into finding a status quo that works and to stick with it. Nonetheless, there is a community of William James students who are getting older and stay in contact, somewhat, and I just think that what makes that community valuable is that the readiness to talk about alternatives is ever present. Did that get you where you wanted to go to, Suzanne? [Suzanne] That was really good. [Bell] I'm not sure that the community that gets talked about, the William James community, is really as valid as a lot of the discussion and rhetoric might lend it to be. I think a lot of the rhetoric about that happens to come from hanger-oners. I think the people who really engender the spirit of the William James community, if there is such a thing, are those people who have taken the principles of applying what you're involved with, with an interdependent view. That is to say going into whatever activity you're involved with, with a view towards integrating other disciplines, integrating other points of view so that you'll find the most �appropriate way to apply yourself to a given challenge or situation. And I don't think that gets shared by everybody who came out of William James. [Suzanne] What about the faculty? I mean with the student community, does that, with the faculty? [Bell] Yeah, yeah. Oh yeah. Yeah. I think one of the more powerful drawing aspects of the early days at William James College was the faculty. I think this faculty was a very special group of individuals with very powerful ideas looking, for a way to apply these notions of interdependent educate… being personally responsible for your own education, interdependent disciplines. Wait a second, I'm going to back that up a little bit. I think for me, one of the things that drew me to William James was the uniqueness of the faculty. There was a powerful collection of individuals there, working with a lot of powerful ideas. And not all those ideas ever made it to fruition, or perhaps made it to fruition in the successful sense that a lot of people had hoped for. But nonetheless, there was a very powerful professorial community there. Which drew to it, I think, the early William James community, which was also a very powerful bunch of people in terms of energy, and ambition, and vision, and vision, and discipline. And I think that that's one of the things that set William James College apart and did make it unique. And for a while, really fulfill its intent, that is, of providing an alternative environment to acquire an education. [Suzanne] Good. I'd hate to ask you the same thing. [Bell] Fine, fine. If I'm not hitting where you need to go, please do that. [Suzanne] Yeah, do it for me again. [Bell] What is that you need to know about community? [Suzanne] What I need in the editing process [inaudible] is someone to give a concise, yet excited, that there was this community there. You know, and you can say the word community isn't quite right. Maybe a network. [Bell] Yeah, but see I don't think that was that much different from any other college. [Suzanne] You don't? [Bell] No, I don't think to the community that existed William James was any less enthusiastic than the community that existed at Michigan State. I think the thing that sets it apart is it's a pretty large collection of people, thinking in alternative ways. And it just doesn't happen that you get alternative thinkers who gathered in large groups very often. It's an exciting place to be in. To be in with a bunch of �people… to be inside of a community that not only encourages alternative thinking but pursues it. And beats it to death if it were to find ways to really come out ahead of where you started at. Both in terms of your thinking, your professional status, in your personal life. So, if there's a William James community, it's one based upon pursuing alternative visions. And in a lot of ways, it doesn't mean that it's a limited to the people who went the school at William James. There are places that still apply a William James technique to learning. And I think that those people are as much a part of that community as anybody who was tuition paying person. I think the community of William James is much larger than just the students and the faculty who participated in it. I think it's a global thing. Actually it's a network process, where you begin… you go to a place like William James to get involved in and expanding your processes of thinking. Expanding your own visions of whatever it is you're involved with. And in that process of doing so, you make contact, you make a network with other individuals. And that's the community. That's the exciting part. I don't get that sense of excitement, that sense of personal and professional value from people who gone to other schools and who have established their own networks based upon, you know, whatever their curriculum was. I think that there was something unique about William James College which extends beyond the school, and that is that group of independent thinkers. [Suzanne] Great [inaudible]. That was real good. What do you want to say, specifically? [Bell] What do I want to say specifically? I guess I can say, I think one of the more powerful aspects of my experience that William James happens to come to be one of anger rather. To have left the school feeling let down in the last two years of my time there. And to feeling a sense of disappointment that it was waning. The opportunity, the time of experimentation was slipping away. And I went to William James for that opportunity, to indulge in this time of experimentation that was, I think an outcrop of the sixties and a lot of social change that occurred. And to have that slip away, it was sort of embittering, for a while, until almost by surprised, I realized that I was really applying, in my daily activities, the form of thought, the method of thinking, that William James College was working on. And whenever that day arrived and I suddenly set up from my desk and I realized: "It's working! It's working! It made it worthwhile to go to William James." Because in spite of all the negatives that I had been focusing on, I got a wonderful kit of tools to take with me from now on out. [Suzanne] Okay, that's good. [Bell] Okay. I know there's probably one last thing that… I think a lot of people in the community surrounding the college, in West Michigan, business people, and a lot of students in other colleges, tend to look at William James, and students, as being unpractical, or air heads, or in most and a lot of times just in unpleasant �ways. And I think that kind of perception comes out of the later years, which was a result of it being a period of change. I think the very powerful time for William James to exist occurred at the end of the sixties, or the early part of the seventies, when there were a group of people, mostly Vietnam veterans, who were wanting to go to school and were able take charge of their own educational process and were looking for a place to do that in. And so, when you couple that up with a faculty looking for a way to offer a different environment to learn in, it’s a wonderful ready-made situation, which may not come along again for a long time. It was for a while, the most appropriate place for a lot of people to be. And when those people got their value out of the experience, when the professors got their value, and it started becoming burnt out and moved on to other opportunities, when students graduated and went on to apply what it was they were pursuing, the need for the place to exist dissipated. And so, I think it's probably appropriate, and it's very appropriate that William James ceased being. And I hope that in the future, and given ten years when similar circumstance arise, and it will happen, that those people at that time can say: "Oh look, they did this at William James, and it was very powerful, and some things worked really well, and some things didn't, and let's try it again based upon that." And I think, probably, if nothing else, the important thing about the process at William James was being attuned to change, being aware of the need for perceiving other ways to approach what it is you're getting involved with. And if you do that, you'll become aware just through the process of when it's appropriate to put something down and move on something else. And so, William James leaving us was ultimately appropriate. [Suzanne] Good. [Bell] Anything else? [Suzanne] Yeah. [Inaudible] [Bell] Let me try that again, alright? Let me shorten it up for you. I think the important thing to keep in mind about William James is that it came into reality during a time of terrific change and the kinds of things that it focused on were dealing with that change, were dealing with the changes both in terms of changing educational systems, changing social systems, and preparing yourself to be able to change in the future. So, I think it's ultimately appropriate that when the students who wanted that kind of education, when the teachers who are willing to give themselves to that situation, decided to either move on or that they were all through with the process, and then all new kind of students came in that weren't looking for that educational opportunity, when all that happened, it was ultimately appropriate that William James cease to be. Okay. [Suzanne] Great. About the community [inaudible]… �[Bell] No, fine, fine. If you're not getting what you need, let’s look for it. [Suzanne] We're getting it, I'm just thinking [inaudible]. You were talking about people outside the community, and they looked at… I guess what I'm talking about it the difference between people who are not part of the community… [Bell] Yeah. [Suzanne] Who are, I mean there's a major part of the world who aren't part of that community. So, is that community practical? [Bell] Oh yeah. Yeah. With the William James community you mean? [Suzanne] Yeah. [Bell] I think a lot of people question whether or not the educational process at William James provided people with practical tools. And I'd say absolutely yes. That when William James students interface in a more conservative conventional environment, there is no conflict per se. I mean we're just people, were working together, and, you know, suits and ties are just another kind of uniform. And we can all put on a uniform and for that little while people think it's all, you know, everybody's in the same kind of army, or team, or whatever. And yet, a William James student possesses a set of tools that makes him very versatile, or her, very, very versatile. Those tools being looking to other disciplines for useful tools, looking for other ways to integrate these other tools into your own application so that you can further yourself and further your own profession, or whatever activity it is you know you chosen to be involved with. So, no I don't think that people fitting William James students have any trouble at all fitting into a conventional industrial environment. As a matter fact, I think they have a leg up in the sense that a lot of them are subversive to begin with and it gives them an environment they can be subversive in and in a very practical way, and it sort of works out better for everybody because employers benefit from people thinking you know alternative ways, whether or not they're willing to accept the dialogue with that person thinking in those ways. So yeah, I think people coming away from William James, if they really caught on to what was going on there, have some very practical skills. [Suzanne] But if… [Bell] But if… [Suzanne] But if people- one of the issues in this today is going to come out as if society is…[?] wants people to just be able to [inaudible] one narrow job, everyday, don't �question it, don't make drama. I mean, things are getting more and more specialized and liberal education is going away, but William James was focusing on that. Is that part of the reason for the change or going away of William James? Is that one of the ways it was not successful because it was training people for something society doesn't want? [Bell] Well, I think there's two issues in the question of the change of William James. One issue is "Was William James successful?" Because, obviously, it went away as a school. And I don't think that there's any conflict in when you say: "Yes William James was a successful educational environment, and yes William James went away as an educational institution." The point still remains is that it was appropriate for a certain group of people at a certain time in history, and when that time came and went, it was no longer appropriate. So, to hang on to the school in order for it to adapt and to exist it would have had changed into an environment that it wasn't intended to be to begin with. So much better that it just went away altogether and rather than become some kind of hypocritical institution. And this… what was in part of that? [Suzanne] The professional training people for something that [inaudible] might not miss or really want. [Bell] Oh, oh, about…. [Suzanne] That sort of thing [inaudible] . [Bell] Yeah, yeah, yeah. And it's true that the other influence that William James suffered, you know it's demise was a result of…wait a second. Yeah, it's true that another influence that William James had to deal with, had to contend with, was the specialization of the job market. Was the increasing unattractiveness of a liberal education. And I think it's just a temporary thing. I mean, historically it's temporary. People get specialized, and learn about math, and science until we're engineered to death and people say: "We need more artist!" And then we get so many more artists until we suddenly realize: "Oh geez we're lagging in the technological race, so we need more engineers." I think it's just an ongoing thing. And I think that there's a lesson there to be learned from William James is dialogues with what it was trying to do, and that it was attempting to integrate these disciplines of creative disciplines, of creative art disciplines, the ways of being creative, with engineering disciplines, so that you don't exclude any activity. In fact, you include all activities, so that you actually integrate your society, your… first off on a personal level, and then on a social level, in terms of your society and workplaces you're involved with, so that what happens is that you don't have these peaks and valleys. You have a more fulfilled individuals. You have a healthier society in that it has the ability to adapt to the changes as those changes come up instead of always playing catch up there. You're always �looking to the situation in terms of what it needs to be appropriate for the moment. And I think the only you get that is if you are integrated with multiple disciplines. Okay? [Suzanne] Good. I want to ask you one more other thing. This is just something… [Bell] Fire away. [Suzanne] …that Barb is asking everybody to sum up, in just a few sentences or more, what was William James? In a few words or more. [Bell] Yeah. Yeah. [Suzanne] [Inaudible] [Bell] How would I describe William James to somebody that didn't know anything about it? I would say William James was a very exciting place to. That it was a collection of tremendous thinkers, in terms of faculty. It was a collection of a tremendous group of people, hungry for knowledge and hungry for a way to pursue that knowledge in their own ground and in their own terms. And as a result, it was a tremendous environment of experimentation that was very exhilarating, and a wonderful place to be for that period of time. [Suzanne] I'm going to stop the tape and look through some notes, to see if there's anything else [inaudible]. [Bell] To see if there's any more questions, fine. Hi Vern! [Suzanne] This is going great. [Bell] Good! [Suzanne] You're still taped. [Bell] Thank you! One of the keys to William James was its structure, in that it was a non-competitive structure, both non-competitive for students, in terms of not having grades, and also non-competitive for the professors. No tenure and things like that. And the dean wasn't some autonomous feudal lord. And the students also had a say in terms of how the schools was run. The student council was more than just an organizing fun committee for bands, and dances, and stuff. It was a very powerful voice in the decisions that went on in William James. And that made it for, again, a very unique environment. [Suzanne] That was great, can you say that… �[Bell] Even quicker? [Suzanne] No, with the point that it was intentionally structured that way, from the beginning. It was thought through and built that way so that it could fit this kind of environment. [Bell] Yeah, yeah. Sure, I can do that. Yeah, I think something that- that is important to make note about William James is that it structure it's non-competitive structure, where students weren't competitive, because there were no grades, and professors were not competitive, there wasn't tenure, and the dean wasn't some kind of feudal lord, as you find in other institutions. All that structure was intentionally. It was a well thought out structure for creating the environment that William James had. Is that what you need? [Suzanne] Good. Very Good. [Bell] Okay. [Suzanne] I'm going to stop it again. Why not just look at that sheet and see if there's anything else you want to talk about? [Bell] These are things that need to be said? [Unknown] No, not necessarily. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource William James College Interviews Description An account of the resource Videotaped interviews of William James College faculty, students and administrators by Barbara Roos. William James College opened in 1971 as the third baccalaureate degree granting college for Grand Valley. It was originally designed to be an interdisciplinary, non-departmentalized college consisting of concentration programs, rather than majors. Curriculum was organized around three concentrations that were meant to be interdisciplinary career preparation offerings: Social Relations, Administration and Information Management, and Environmental Studies. The college was discontinued in 1983 during a reorganization of Grand Valley. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/69">William James College faculty and student interviews (GV016-16)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Universities and colleges Oral histories Alternative education Interdisciplinary approach in education Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Roos, Barbara (Interviewer) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV016-16 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Language A language of the resource eng Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV016-16_GVSU_64_Bell Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bell, Thomas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Title A name given to the resource Tom Bell interview (video and transcript) Description An account of the resource Interview with Thomas Bell by Barbara Roos, documenting the history of Grand Valley State's William James College. William James College was the third baccalaureate degree granting college for Grand Valley. It was originally designed to be an interdisciplinary, non-departmentalized college consisting of concentration programs, rather than majors. The college opened in 1971 and was discontinued in 1983 during a reorganization of Grand Valley State. Thomas Bell was a student of William James College who pursued the study of media and film for social change. In this interview, Thomas discusses the personal impact of his William James College education, the transition from a conventional educational environment to the alternative education environment, and the community of independent thinkers that made William James unique. This interview is part 1 of 1 for Thomas Bell. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Roos, Barbara (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Universities and colleges Oral histories Alternative education Interdisciplinary approach in education Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/69">William James College faculty and student interviews (GV016-16)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1a7e3f3a5c3f604e56c17cccf39fb1ea.pdf d5a79ab6dc79fd9f8704b43e9d9b7955 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Incunabula Description An account of the resource The term incunabula refers to books printed between 1450 and 1500, approximately the first fifty years following the invention, by Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, of printing from moveable type. Our collection includes over 200 volumes and numerous unbound leaves from books printed during this period. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1450/1500 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Incunabula Collection (DC-03) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United </a> Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng it la nl de Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Speculum doctrinale [folium 11] Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03_011Vincentius1478 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bellovacensis, Vincent -1264 Description An account of the resource One leaf of Speculum doctrinale by Vincentius Bellovacensis. Illustrated with red rubricated initials. Printed in Strassburg by The R-Printer (Adolf Rusch) circa 1478. [GW M50560; ISTC iv00278000] Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Strassburg: The R-Printer (Adolf Rusch) Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Vincent, of Beauvais, - 1264 Language A language of the resource la Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1478 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4104ebfdbffd1447b36d087807b92e25.pdf 4612d87fb5ee4f075e4db9695a6a41c1 PDF Text Text 1 Grand Valley State University Special Collections Kent County Oral History Collections, RHC-23 Josephine Bender Interviewed on September 9, 1971 Edited and indexed by Don Bryant, 2010 – bryant@wellswooster.com Tape 1 & 2 (30:40) Biographical Information: Josephine Bender was born 17 April 1894 in Grand Rapids, Michigan, the daughter of Charles Henry Bender and Sally Knapp. Josephine died aged 101 years old on 26 March 1996 in Grand Rapids. She and her parents are buried in Oak Hill Cemetery. Charles Henry Bender was born 11 September 1860 in Batavia, Genesee County, New York, the son of William Bender and Josephine Hamberger. The parents were born in Bavaria and Baden, respectively. Charles Bender came to Grand Rapids in 1881. He died 28 March 1936. Charles married Sally Knapp 5 February 1891. She was born in 1871 in New Orleans, Louisiana, the daughter of Theodore J. Knapp and (_____). Sally died in 1953. ___________ Interviewer: Where did you grow up as a child? Miss Bender: I grew up in Grand Rapids and I was born in a street called Terrace Avenue, which was an extension of Prospect Street, south of Wealthy. There was one block in there which was all built up, beyond that, it was mostly vacant lots and an occasional house here and there. A good many prominent people in Grand Rapids, at that time, lived there. For instance, the Wilder Stevens lived on that block. He was in Foster Stevens [Foster, Stevens & Company], which was the big china, silverware, and that sort of thing store. Then there were the Leonards, the Frank Leonards, Mr. Leonard had another big china store. The Mormans, they were the big, or one of the big, coal companies S.A. Morman & Company. The parsonage for the Baptist Church was right across the street from our house. I can remember that there was a Mr. Randall [Rev. John Herman Randall] who was the minister, very popular man. A good many people came up there of the evening to get married. My father would be sitting on the front porch in his smoking jacket and slippers in the evening and Mr. Randall would come across the street and say, “Bender, come on over and stand up with these two.” So, my father [Charles H. Bender] would go over and be the best man, for someone he had never seen before. It was a very interesting block. Then just north of Wealthy, it was almost all a Dutch population. That was where Kos’s grocery store got started, it being, to begin with, just a little addition on the front of the Kos’s house. They had things like needles and thread and bread (there wasn’t much bread bought at that time). Yeast cakes I remember well because I was always being sent over for a yeast cake or two. There was a very fine street of substantial Dutch (Holland) people. Interviewer: Now the neighborhood that you lived in, was that, you said a very short street? �2 Miss Bender: Yes, it [Terrace Avenue] was only between Wealthy & Logan. Interviewer: About how many families lived on that street? Miss Bender: I suppose maybe twenty families lived on that street. They all owned their homes, of course, they didn’t change hands much. Much of the neighborhood life consisted of going over of an evening and sitting on somebody’s porch. There was a good deal of exchanging of food. Someone who had had a particularly good pie made well, they would take it over. If there was anything the matter with anybody then everybody took things to them, and saw that they were all right. It was probably more of a neighborhood because it was somewhat isolated than I would imagine, maybe, some other streets were here. It was a real closely knit little community; it was part of what was known as the Penney Addition. There was an old Colonel [Joseph] Penney, a Colonel in the Civil War, who bought up a great deal of property, and it would all have been south of Wealthy and about from Jefferson up to Morris, or College, along in there. This was known as the Penney Addition. Colonel Penney lived on the corner of Lafayette and Wealthy. He was very proud of the children. He would always talk about the wonderful children in the Penney Addition. Very few people in that neighborhood had horses. The street cars went down Wealthy. There was the Wealthy-Taylor Line, and the Wealthy-Scribner Line, and they both went down Wealthy. If you didn’t walk, which most people did, you took the street car, and then you would have to transfer frequently, but both these street cars, or both these lines, went down to Monroe Street, which was where everybody headed for shopping. But, I really can’t remember anybody in that block that owned horses. The kids had a lot of pets. We had a goat, which we had a little vehicle, known as a “do-se-do”, which we harnessed the goat to, and rode around. Everything was fine until the goat ate the neighbor’s laundry (the wash that was out one day), so unfortunately we then had to give up Billy, the goat. But, everybody of course had dogs, and everybody had a lovely garden. The lots happened to be quite deep on that street, and there were beautiful gardens in the back, and some at the side. Interviewer: Do you think the close-knit fabric in that neighborhood was due to its being somewhat isolated? Miss Bender: Somewhat, yes, I think so. I think of Madison Avenue, which was more of a through street, more built up further to the south than this little block of Terrace Ave. was. Although they were friendly, I think for one thing this was a rather narrow street, the street itself was fairly narrow. I do think that had something to do with it. It was a block that people wanted to live in. I remember the [J. Boyd] Pantlinds. I suppose they built the house which actually was the one I was born in. The Pantlinds moved up on College at that time, and so my parents bought that house. That one was little, not quite as large, I guess, as the one we lived in for probably ten or twelve more years after I was born, and then we moved next door. But, people were always wanting to move into that neighborhood. It was very closely knit. Interviewer: What business was your father in? �3 Miss Bender: Well, at that time my father was a court stenographer. He came here from Batavia, New York. Interviewer: Excuse me, what county is Batavia in? Miss Bender: Very near Buffalo, Genesee County, New York. He went to work when he was fourteen years old, I know, and he went to Buffalo to work. He worked in a place where they had just invented the typewriter. At this time, he was a boy, probably around fifteen or sixteen along there some place, and he was put in the window. He always told this story, about how he was put in the window of this store where they had this strange thing known as a typewriter, and he was made to work the typewriter in the window. Of course he didn’t know one key from the other, but it didn’t make any difference what he wrote. Large crowds of people would gather, and he would get in more flourishes as time went on, he said, pounding the keys. That got him into this kind of business because, of course, shorthand had been invented. There was an opening here. There was a Mr. [Melbourne H.] Ford who had a stenography and shorthand office, and he [Mr. Ford] went into Congress. Interviewer: Went into Congress? Miss Bender: It made an opening. He wanted someone to come into the office. In some way, I don’t know, my father heard about it and so he came out here. That was about 1883 or 1884, or somewhere around there [Ford served in Congress 1885-1886] Interviewer: Down at the library when reading some of those old history books of Grand Rapids, where they would give profiles, autobiographical profiles on some of these old people, I noticed that a considerable number of them came New York, and particularly out of Otsego County, New York. I was just wondering whether you know why so many of these people came from New York. Miss Bender: One thing, of course, that brought a great many people to this part of the country was the Erie Canal. Because, they could put their household goods on barges and go down the Erie Canal. Of course they would go into Ohio, not coming directly to Michigan, but then they came up from Ohio. I can remember quite a few old pieces of furniture in my friends’ houses and they would say this came with my grandfather on the Erie Canal. I think this opened up a great deal of migration from New York State. My father didn’t happen to come that way, but I can remember a lot of people that said that their ancestors, their grandparents usually, had come that way. Interviewer: What did your father do then? Miss Bender: He established an office here and was a court stenographer. He had an interesting time because the judges would go all around in Michigan on their circuits holding court, and my father would go along with them, and many of them became his very close friends and many of �4 the leading lawyers did, for that reason, because they would go, too. He would usually go Monday morning and he’d be gone all week. Newaygo was one place he went where they held court, then he’d go as far as, well, I know he went to Marquette a great deal. He learned a great deal of law that way. Eventually he became a banker. He went into what was known then as the Grand Rapids National Bank. They were the ones who built the McKay Towers. It was during the time my father was in the bank they built the McKay Towers, which it’s now called. But it was always called the Grand Rapids National Bank Building Interviewer: So, it was a bank building at one time? Miss Bender: Oh yes, it was built as a bank. It was tall and very exciting. Interviewer: Would you tell me the story again about when you father was on the Police and Fire Commission? Miss Bender: Well, that was part of the city government at that time, and it was very much coveted thing to be on the Police and Fire Commission. He was an ardent Democrat, when there were practically no Democrats to be found in the state of Michigan, but he was one of them. It was, probably, a Democrat mayor who appointed him. I think, he was appointed during the nineties [1890’s]. At one time very early in his career as a commissioner, they had an unfortunate thing happen, in which the fire department, which of course was horse-drawn at that time, was called to a fire along someplace on Monroe Street. At that time the Salvation Army held nightly meetings down on Campau Square. The Salvation Army was down there tooting away on their horns and holding their meeting and all of a sudden the fire department came tearing down what was known as Canal Street the (later know as Lower Monroe) and turned the corner. The man that was driving the horses saw that if he kept in the street, he would simply run right over the Salvation Army, so he went up onto the sidewalk which was against all the rules, and bypassed the Salvation Army and got to the fire. In 1936, our house burned, and we were living on College at that time. My father had died the spring before and we had this very bad fire. They did heroic work in saving what they could. Well, my mother was very grateful and so she called the chief of the fire department and he [the Chief] said, “Oh, Mrs. Bender. I’ve been waiting for many, many years to repay an old debt.” Then he told her what had happened the time that my father had sponsored his cause and pleaded his cause with the department. He had been discharged for doing this awful thing. My father pleaded his cause so enthusiastically that the man was reinstated, but a fine had to be paid, and I believe he said that my father went so far as to pay the fine for him. So he said, “It’s been many, many years, probably forty or more,” and he said, “I’ve just waited to repay that debt, and I’m glad I could have done what I did.” Interviewer: The Fire Chief was the one who ran the horses up on the sidewalk? Miss Bender: Yes. He said he was a young man at that point, of course. He was reinstated because of my father’s eloquent pleas, and he advanced so that at the time of the fire in 1936, he was the chief of the fire department. �5 Interviewer: You mentioned taking the streetcar downtown, what did people go downtown for mainly? Miss Bender: I can remember that it seems to me we made a daily trip downtown. There were things to be bought at the dry goods stores. There was a good deal of personal shopping to do that went on then, and I think also it was kind of exciting to go down and see what was going on. There was a dry goods store, which is now out of existence, which was called Friedman-Spring, which was down on Campau Square about where one of the 5 & 10 stores is now, Grants or along in there. It was a very good store. In the store they of course had all kinds of departments. The people were in them, year after year, and they grew old clerking in these stores. We used to go to that one a great deal. Then the Boston store was right next door to it. That was run by a Mr. [Charles] Trankla and owned by him. That was also a very good department store. Then there was Steketee’s, which was where it is now. There was Wurzburg’s, which was on lower Monroe. Well, it’s all been torn down now, it was down by Crescent on Lower Monroe. Then [here was] Herpolsheimers which was where Wurzburg’s downtown store is now. Those were the main department stores. Then there was a wonderful candy store named Miss Peale’s and it was run by Miss Peale and, I think, her sister. That would have been up a little east of Ionia on the south side of Monroe. I know she was open on Sundays because the Post Office was open on Sunday. If you wanted to go and walk to the post office and get your mail, which my father did every Sunday after church, and a great many other people did, you would walk down to the post office and then you would stop at Miss Peale’s and buy a box of candy. There was a wonderful chocolate candy called Allegrete. I can remember this was the great treat of the week when we would, after getting the mail at the post office, stop at Miss Peale’s and buy the pound box of Allegrete chocolates. Interviewer: Where was the post office located? Miss Bender: The post office was located where the Federal building still is on the corner of Pearl and Ionia. Of course, at that time it was not what the present building is. It was a smaller building. I know that the present building was built around 1908 or 1910, along in there. But, it was in that same location. There was another very interesting place that was along there on Ionia, where the Shepard garage used to be. It was called Lockerby’s Hall. I think the hall was on the second floor. A great many things were held there. Among other things, I can remember my parents telling me they learned to bicycle there. They had an indoor bicycling rink. This is where they went because, of course, bicycling was very popular around the nineties and around the turn of the century. My father apparently, made one trip around and ran into the wall, breaking the bicycle. That was the end of bicycling with him. But there was a great deal of bicycling that went on. I can remember this Lockerby’s Hall. Then there was Power’s Theatre where the Midtown is now, in the same building really. That was where the legitimates came. Grand Rapids was a great theatre place, one reason being that we were midway between Detroit and Chicago. They would do a “split” week. They would usually stop in Jackson for part of the week and do the rest of the week here in Grand Rapids. Companies that played in Detroit and were going to play long �6 engagements in these places, they were going to Chicago, so then they would stop off here. We had the great stars, they all came here. I think one reason is they liked it a lot here because by this time what used to be called Sweet’s Hotel had turned into the Pantlind and Mr. Boyd Pantlind, who was a most delightful, genial person, was the proprietor of it. He became great friends of all these leading actors. I think they would sort of arrange it to be sure they came to Grand Rapids. I had a lovely collection of autographed photographs that these men had given Mr. Pantlind over the years—Crane, Joe Jefferson, and all those great old actors. Mrs. Pantlind gave it to me after Mr. Pantlind had died. She gave me the collection of photographs. I gave them to the Civic Theatre, and just where they are now, I don’t know. I am sure that [Mr. Pantlind’s friendship] was one reason we got wonderful plays here. Of course, it was geographically important too, their stopping here. I’m sure. Now, then, over here on Reed Drive there was Ramona. Now whether that was really going on at the turn of the century, I don’t know; but very soon afterwards, certainly. The Pavilion, which was on the corner of Wealthy and Lakeside, was owned by the Street Railway Company, and they had wonderful vaudeville here, all the big vaudeville acts were here. I’ve always heard one reason why they also wanted to come here was because, on the south side of Reed’s Lake, there was a little resort thing called Point Paulo. I don’t know who ran it, maybe Mr. Paulo for all I know. Anyway, he had a series of cottages and this was a wonderful place for them to come and stay for a week. They always stayed for a whole week. They could be out on the Lake during the daytime, fishing and all. (Pause in tape) Interviewer: Did you ever come up to the vaudeville shows? Miss Bender: Every week. The Pavilion was a very pleasant place. I know they had boxes along both sides, with rattan chairs in them that were very comfortable and loungy, in the main part. I don’t remember that there was a balcony. There may have been, but [this was] the main part of the auditorium. All around it was all open and there were little soft drink places and that sort of thing along the outside beyond the auditorium part. But it was a most pleasant place to spend an evening and also see very good vaudeville. That was all part of Ramona, which was an amusement park with roller coasters and Tunnels of Love and that sort of thing. [To go] back you took the Wealthy-Taylor Line. That was the only thing that came out to it. It was very well patronized, [and] went for many, many years. Interviewer: Were there very many people living out in this area at the time? Miss Bender: No, all of Reed’s Lake, where these lovely homes are around the outside of the lake now, had a lot of cottages, but they would be just little (quite flimsy, I suppose) cottages that people came to in the summertime, some place to go weekends. There were no permanent homes at that time. Of course, East Grand Rapids was, I guess, non-existent. There were two things, there was the O-Wash-Ta-Nong Club, which I think was called the Lake Side Club to begin with, and that was over here on the shores of Reed’s Lake. That was a very popular club. They had a �7 very good orchestra and excellent food. There was a good deal of boating went on. Speaking of boating, most of the boating on Reed’s Lake, aside of the fishing and that sort of thing, were these two steamers. One was the” Major Watson” and the other was the “Hazel A. Major [Amasa B.] Watson” was a prominent Civil War veteran here and he lived in a big house down where Jacobsen’s downtown place is now. The “Hazel A.” was named for Hazel Amberg. They were a very prominent family here. Those two boats plied around Reed’s Lake, all day long, I guess. There was a big kind of banner along the side that said, “AS LONG AS YOU LIKE FOR TEN CENTS.” So you could get on in the morning and keep going. Over at what is still called Manhattan Road there was a (?) My grandmother used to take my brother and myself out on the Wealthy-Taylor streetcar. She loved the water and she loved these trips. So, I think we’d go and spend the whole afternoon. There was a captain, the so-called captain of one of them, an old character That was around here. He was always known as “Mr. Poison.” His name was spelled P-o-i-s-s-o-n. My grandmother was Southern and so we would come home and my father would say, “Mother, what did you today?” She’d say, Oh, I took the children for a lovely ride with Captain Poisson.” My father would say, “Do you mean “Old Poison?” This would go on every time we made the trip, “Old Poison” to my father but “Captain Poisson” [John H. Poisson] to my mother. Then of course there was Rose’s, which still is in existence. Old Mr. Rose taught swimming. He had a dock. It was kind of a catwalk that went out from the shore and this rather long dock. His method of teaching swimming was to put a belt around your middle and a rope from the back part of the belt. He would hang on to that, and then you would float like a minnow on the water and he would count. I can hear him now; he would say, “One, two, three, one, two, three.” This was how you would learn to do the breast stroke for Mr. Rose. That was also where the skating was in the winter. Rose’s had this building. You would go in there to change your skates. In there, there was an old pot- belly stove. Then you would go down a kind of little gangplank that you went down, a little wooden thing. I suppose it was Rose’s who cleared the skating rink, because I am sure nobody else did. But, that was where we skated in the winter. (Pause in tape) Miss Bender: Do you want me to start over again? Interviewer: Sure, if you want to. Miss Bender: Well you were asking me about some old furniture I have here. It came mostly from my grandmother who was a Southerner. She and my grandfather were married during the Civil War. She was actually put through the lines, war lines were very loose, I guess, during the Civil War. He was a Confederate. She, in some way, was given a pass to go through the lines, because the part of North Carolina she was living in was occupied by Northern troops. They were married. Then after the war, this was in a place called Edenton, North Carolina, which was on the sea coast, my grandfather [Theodore J. Knapp] came back there and had a parish there. This probably was the late seventies, around seventy-five or eighty maybe. At that time oil was discovered in Pennsylvania, so he went there as a minister to all of these mushroom towns that �8 sprang up as a result. He was there for quite a number of years, about four or five maybe. Then the men who had gone in to the oil rush lost interest, and I think the oil business sort of gave out. Just at this time, gold and silver were discovered in Colorado. So, all these men he had ministered to began writing him from Colorado and telling him how he was needed out there; and I’m sure he had an “itching” for it. So he “felt the call” to go. He went down the Ohio River and then down [sic] the Mississippi to St. Louis and over land from St. Louis eventually to Denver. I have all the letters which he wrote my grandmother, who was left back in Pennsylvania with the four children and practically nothing to live on, as far as I could make out. He was a very brilliant person. All these letters were very encouraging to Granny that at any moment then he would get a real parish. At this point he was a Baptist, and “Brother This” and “Brother That,” as they seemed to be called in these parishes, were always about to get a great plan for him; but this took quite a while. He adored Colorado, absolutely fascinated by it. This was Denver in the very early days, with Indians riding through the streets and the streets were just little tracks, really. He talked about how dirty and dusty it was. Finally he did get a parish and Granny and the children went from Pennsylvania out there. I can remember one of the letters said, “Don’t bring a lot of kitchen equipment and things like that but remember all the theological books.” Granny, equipped with four children and the furniture she wanted to keep that had come from her family, went out there. He then became an Episcopalian minister and took the examination and was duly ordained as an Episcopalian minister. He got a parish in a place called Ouray which is way up there. Fascinating place; there were marvelous mines at that point around there. So, they went up there. He built a little church. During his ministry they had no church. He got this church built during the time he was minister there. My mother and father and I went back there one time, and here was this cute little stone church that they said my grandfather had been instrumental in having built. It just happened that they had a service on the Sunday we were there, and we asked if there was anybody who would have known my grandfather. They said there was one man left. It was a ghost town when we were out there, just nothing. But there was this one man, a Mr. Simpson, who was a surveyor. My grandfather used to go out on these trips with him (?). “Well, I guess the only reason that I stayed was I was too lazy to get out, and I loved the country.” So he stayed all these years there. This was in the twenties. He said, “I’ve got a little present I want to give Sally (Sally [Knapp] was my mother’s name) and another for Josephine.” So he gave me some uncut garnets which I thought were very precious, quite a handful of them. Then he said to my mother, I want to give you this stone.” Madame Curie at that point was working on uranium. He had had a meeting with her in Denver when she came to this country. We took our treasures away and I put mine in a safety deposit box because I thought they were so valuable. When the atomic bomb took place, uranium was all over the front pages. I read my mother this article from the New York Times all about it, and it told about the few deposits that there were in this country and that one of them was very near Ouray. My mother said, “Well, I must get my uranium out.” I thought, oh heavens, what’s she talking about? So I said, “Now mother, I’m going to read this article all over to you again and explain it once more She said, “I understand. You know Mr. Simpson gave me a piece of uranium.” So she went into desk, and done up in a piece of Kleenex �9 was this piece of uranium, which then became very important in Grand Rapids. It was shown in the museum and all kinds of places. Interviewer: In the summertime, some people came out to Reed’s Lake. Where did the other people go; where did they spend their summers? Miss Bender: A lot of people had cottages on Lake Michigan, even then. There was an interurban line that went to Grand Haven and also to Muskegon. I can remember going down to visit people who had places on Lake Michigan on the interurban. Then there was a train that went to Ottawa Beach and a great many people had cottages at Ottawa Beach. This train used to come up in the morning and go down at night. It was a kind of dummy line. I know we had a place down at Ottawa Beach for quite a number of summers. The men used to go up on the train in the morning and come down at night. I think that to all these small lakes around here all up through northern Michigan the G.R.& I. (Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad) was the railroad that went up there; and also the Pere Marquette. We were a number of summers in Charlevoix and I can remember going up, that was on the Pere Marquette, but the G.R.& I. also went up north. Those were the days when it was fun to go on a train, you know, the parlor cars and the dining cars. I think there was quite a lot of activity on the Grand River. The “Boat and Canoe” is still in existence, I guess, isn’t it? Interviewer: I think it’s the American Legion Club, isn’t it? Miss Bender: Yes, I guess it is. That was a very popular club for a long time. It was known as the Boat and Canoe Club. Exactly when that was I don’t know. That must have been soon after 1900, along in there. They had very good tennis courts, they used to have tennis tournaments, State and Western Michigan. Then there was a great deal of boating, canoeing. Quite a number of people had house-boats out there. They would live on the houseboats, and be kind of hooked up at the dock of the Boat and Canoe Club. Of course there use to be steamers that went down the Grand River to Grand Haven. I think they have one now that is a sort of excursion boat. Interviewer: What kind of steamers were they, were they paddle wheel boats? Miss Bender: I think so, I don’t remember going on them. People also had places on the [river]. The Kelsey family had one of those houses down in Eastmanville. We use to go down there a good deal with them. That was a matter of going on the interurban to what is called Marne now. It was called Berlin until the First World War, then you couldn’t call anything Berlin, so the name was then changed to Marne. I remember they use to come over; they would come over there and get us and drive us back. There was quite a number of people, the Hefferan family here had several houses along there. The Foote family had houses along there. They were all old houses that they fixed up or converted somewhat—lovely old houses. Interviewer: Are any of those old houses still standing? �10 Miss Bender: Oh, yes they all are. I think they’re all still there. They were beautifully located. But at that time you didn’t have to do much, except to be in one place. I can remember they had sheep, and Ann Kelseyhas a little lamb that really followed you. Well, it was exciting enough to go and give the lamb a bath in the Grand River. That was really all the excitement you needed. There was a good deal of card playing as part of the entertainment here. There were a lot of Whist Clubs. This was before the days of Bridge Auction Bridge. But there was a great deal of whist and a great deal of Euchre. There was a thing called Military Euchre where you advance from one table to another with a flag in your hand. I remember my parents belonged to it, the Military Euchre Club. That was a great deal of the entertainment in those days where the various card clubs were. Interviewer: What other clubs were there? Miss Bender: What developed into the Kent County Country Club was first, where the clubhouse is, the M.R. Bissell, the present M.R. Bissell, house on the corner of Plymouth and Wealthy, on the northeast of Plymouth and Wealthy. And then the golf course was where Blodgett Hospital is. They had a nine hold golf course. This was one of the very early golf courses in this country. There were a few men here, one being Mr. Edward Lowe, who was an Englishman, He had known golf in England--Scotland I suppose. There a few men who had heard about golf, mostly in England, I think. So, they started this club. The clubhouse was really the present M.R. Bissell house, and then the golf course was across the street of Wealthy where Blodgett Hospital and all that area in around 1899 or there abouts, what was called Sweet Farm, out where Kent Country Club is now, was nothing but a farm house and wheat fields and grazing ground and all that. It went along Knapp Avenue and Plainfield, about the area it has now. They established this club and a very good golf course [with an] architect lay-out and the club was started. After that the next club was Highlands Country Club which is the Elks Club over on West Leonard. That was the next one, and then I think Cascade was the one after that. Interviewer: Were there quite a few social functions held at these country clubs or was it just golf? Miss Bender: Oh no, it was very social. They were very fortunate at Kent Country Club. Very early they got this couple, Ida, who was the cook, and Walter, her husband, who was the general other factotum. She had been a cook as a very young person, who still was very young, with the Wanty family, the Judge [George P]. Wanty family. Then, they wanted a couple out to run the club, so Ida and Walter took the job. They were simply wonderful because she didn’t know too, too much about cooking to begin with but she was one to never say she didn’t know how to do anything. There were a certain number of women, Mrs. Clay Hollister, Mrs. Dudley Waters, and my mother, and they said their husbands were all officers and directors of the Club and they were anxious to have everything go well. So they said, “Now Ida, we will always give you a hand and help you with everything you want. I always remember the time when Mrs. John Blodgett was giving a very elegant luncheon for somebody from away, that was going to be here. �11 Ida called my mother up and said “Mrs. Bender, Mrs. Blodgett is having a luncheon on Thursday.” My mother said, “Yes, I know.” She said, “She asked me to have soft-shelled crabs.” She said, “I never even seen one, but,” she said, I wouldn’t say I didn’t know how to fix them.”So I [sic] said, “Oh yes indeed, they will have to have soft-shelled crabs”. So, she said, “What do I do?”Then mother said, “Ida, you get the soft-shelled crabs from Dettenthalers, (which was the great fish market down on (117) Monroe Street) and be sure they’re crawling and I’ll take the streetcar out and show you how to fix them”. Ida said, “Are you going to the luncheon?” “Oh yes,” my mother said. “I’m going to the luncheon, but I’ll come out in the morning”. Well, going on the streetcar from where we were living at that point, on Terrace Avenue, consisted of going on the Wealthy-Taylor Line then transferring to the Plainfield Line, then transferring to a funny little thing called Carrier Line, which went from Plainfield Avenue up to College and out College to the Country Club, and then turned around and went back. So my mother, nothing daunting, and I know this trip used to take at least three-quarters of an hour (we always allowed three-quarters of an hour), went out to show Ida how to fix the soft-shelled crabs. She took the street car back, then took the hack, which was the means of conveyance when you were going elegantly to something. So, she ordered the hack and the hack came and took her out to the luncheon, where she ate the soft-shelled crabs. But it was a wonderful club, it had a wonderful spirit because everybody was enthusiastic and wanted it to go well. I have a lot of pictures of it of those early days. You can’t believe it now, it looks like a park, you know, in comparison on to this, what was really just fields. Trees were planted but they were little things. But they had a terribly good time and awfully, awfully good spirit and lots of parties. Interviewer: It sounds like living in those days was a very pleasant, relaxed way of living. What happened to that society, that style of living when the depression came along? Miss Bender: Well, when the depression came along, life had become much more sophisticated then it was. I have been talking more or less about things of the turn of the century. When the Depression came along we, after all, had been through one war. That put an entirely different light on everything, the First World War. Everybody pitched into war work, and things were certainly never the same after that. Then came the twenties, which were absolutely wild. I was young at that point, and was probably in on what it did to young people and the way it changed their way of living. I mean, I had been utterly unsophisticated before the twenties. Prohibition had a great effect because, you know, whereas you hadn’t had very many drinks up to that point, then it became exciting to do it. You would go to New York and you’d go to speakeasies and it was all a completely different kind of thing. Then of course, the Depression came along. Really the depression, as I look back on it, crept up on you very slowly. Now I wonder if, you know, if it’s creeping up on us now the way it did then. After all, the crash came in ’29, but it was several years before the banks were closed. That in itself took quite a while. The impact of it took quite a while because you really didn’t realize it. I can remember my father was the type of person who never had five dollars on his person, and although he was a banker, at the moment he didn’t seem to have any money on him. So I remember, he said to my mother, “Now Sally, you’re the kind �12 that would have about one hundred in cash in your safety deposit box.” My mother wouldn’t admit it for a while, but finally she said, “Well yes, I have put a little cash in my safety deposit box.” So, I remember we all lived off her for quite a while. You couldn’t believe it, really when it finally happened. Then, of course, with Roosevelt giving everybody a great deal of hope, really kind of pulling you out of it. To me it was more the twenties. (Pause in tape) Interviewer: You have marked the end of one social era, so to speak, not the depression, but the First World War. Why do you think it had such a dramatic effect on people? Miss Bender: Well, because for one thing it had been such an easy life. I can remember Mr. [Samuel A. Morman saying to my father, during my father’s last illness, he said, “You know, Bender, any man that had half a brain and any kind of ambition could have been successful during our era.” This was true. During the nineties and up to 1914 or 1916, any man who was willing to work, where in many times since then I’m sure it hasn’t stood people in good stead. You had certain principles that you lived by, and if you lived by them, why, you came out all right. And it wasn’t easy at times, as we look back on it now. I mean, people didn’t have a great deal of money most of them. But, on what they could live comfortably and Grand Rapids was a wonderful community, I think largely because of the Dutch people we have, who were thrifty and saving and law-abiding. So everything was going along better and better and better. Then we were certainly influenced by the war in Europe before we got into it. But then once we were in it, everybody was Red Crossing, in the YMCA, Liberty Bonds were being sold, and rallies were being held. As I recall, there was very little social life, because everybody was throwing themselves {sic} into the war effort. And for one thing, I guess you were kind of tired when they came. So that was the thing that was a turning point. Then when the war was over, certainly beginning around 1920, everything went sort of, kind of, wild. You know, it was a reaction for one thing. Of course, then suddenly there was much more money because there hadn’t been a great deal of production of anything but war stuff during the war. Then suddenly everybody was getting all kinds of things. I’m sure it was when we all had our first washing machine and mangle. I don’t think, well, I know we didn’t have an electric refrigerator at that point. But you were buying a good many more things like that. There was a great deal of travel then, too. People were always going places. You were not able to go to Europe for quite a while. There was a great deal of European travel at that time. That made a difference. Planes didn’t come along, of course, until later, but the trains were excellent. You could go any place and really in great comfort and luxury and all. Then of course automobiles, many people got their first automobiles along in that period. That made a lot of difference. Interviewer: Things were not the same after the war? Miss Bender: No. I’m sure the automobile, of course, had an awful lot to do with it. You didn’t live in these little neighborhood communities which were very pleasant and completely �13 satisfying before that. But when the automobile came along, then you were dashing off to New York and then dashing off to Chicago, and dashing off to Lake Michigan. If you were real courageous, you took a trip East. You know, it took you away, then from the local center. Interviewer: I think that’s a good point [on which] to end. INDEX B Bender, Charles H. (Father) · 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12 Bender, Sally Knapp (Mother) · 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 Bissell, M.R. · 10 Blodgett, Mrs. John · 10 Boat and Canoe Club · 9 K Kelsey Family · 9 Kelsey, Ann · 10 Kent County Country Club · 10 Knapp, Grandmother · 8 Knapp, Theodore J. (Grandfather) · 3, 7, 8 Kos’s Grocery Store · 1 C Curie, Marie · 8 D L Leonards Family · 1 Lockerby’s Hall · 5 Lowe, Edward · 10 Dettenthalers · 11 M F Foote Family · 9 Ford, Melbourne H. · 3 Foster Stevens & Company · 1 Friedman-Spring Dry Goods Store · 5 G Grand Rapids National Bank · 4 H Hazel A Steamer · 7 Hefferan Family · 9 Herpolsheimers · 5 Highlands Country Club · 10 Hollister, Mrs. Clay · 10 Major Watson Steamer · 7 Military Euchre Club · 10 O Ottawa Beach · 9 O-Wash-Ta-Nong Club · 6 P Pantlind, Boyd · 6 Pantlind, Mrs. · 6 Pantlinds Family · 2 Peale, Miss · 5 Penney, Colonel Joseph · 2 Point Paulo · 6 Poisson, Captain · 7 Prohibition · 11 �14 R T Randall, Rev. John Herman · 1 Reed’s Lake · 6, 9 Rose, Mr. · 7 The Police and Fire Commission · 4 The Salvation Army · 4 Trankla, Charles · 5 S W S.A. Morman & Company · 1 Simpson, Mr. · 8 Steketee’s · 5 Street Railway Company · 6 Wanty Family · 10 Waters, Mrs. Dudley · 10 Wilder Stevens Family · 1 Wurzburg’s · 5 � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6186bdf5047707329090825cecda8092.mp3 48ccb5bdc64bb5637eb301ee176018c7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Rapids Oral Histories Subject The topic of the resource Heritage Hill (Grand Rapids, Mich.) Local histories Memoirs Michigan--History Oral histories (document genre) Description An account of the resource Taped and transcribed interviews conducted in the early 1970s primarily of the children and grandchildren of many of the founders of Grand Rapids, Michigan; many of whom were residents of the Heritage Hill neighborhood. Interviews were collected to develop a significant collection of oral resources that would supplement other primary and secondary local history materials. Initially funded as a private project, Grand Valley State College (now University) assumed responsibility for continuing the project until 1977. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/452">Grand Rapids oral history collection (RHC-23)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf; audio/mp3 Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text; Sound Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-23 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1971 - 1977 Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-23_1-2Bender Title A name given to the resource Bender, Josephine Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bender, Josephine Description An account of the resource Josephine Bender was born on April 17, 1894 in Grand Rapids. She graduated from Vassar College and was a member of the Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club. She died on March 26, 1996. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan--History Local histories Memoirs Oral histories (document genre) Grand Rapids (Mich.) Personal narratives Heritage Hill (Grand Rapids, Mich.) Grand Valley State University Women Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf audio/mp3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Grand Rapids oral history collection (RHC-23) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b325ce64bb46f077022e361ca6de506d.mp3 7cea14abf321650d1ca083b21c958ce5 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/7c51b18e9a01e5597bb245ed27b9a8a0.pdf 03330942e88bc4f5285b119dd849ab64 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans' History Project Edward Benjamin World War II 2 hours 53 minutes 36 seconds (00:04:50) Early Life -Born in a house on the corner of Fuller Avenue and Hope Street in Grand Rapids, Michigan -Note: Most likely born in December in either the late 1910s or the early 1920s -Had a sandbox in the backyard -Lived there the first three or four years of his life -Moved to a house down the road -Lived there for a year and a half -Walked to school from that house -Father had a house built in East Grand Rapids -Decided to build another house -Moved to the next street over while the second house was built -Lived there for another year and a half -Moved to a house on Sherman Street in 1934 -Went to high school and Grand Rapids Junior College while living in that house (00:08:54) Start of the War Pt. 1 -Feels that the commanding officers at Pearl Harbor were made the scapegoats for the attack -Believes the president and military intelligence knew an attack was coming -Decided to do nothing about it -Had met Admiral Kimmel in 1932 (Commander-in-chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet) -Showed Edward and his Uncle Bob pictures of ships and diagrams -Completely reasonable and innocent thing to do prior to World War II -Everyone was upset about the attack on Pearl Harbor -People wanted nothing less than the total destruction of Japan -Kept track of the early events of the war -Uncle Bob worked for the Grand Rapids Press and kept the family updated -Heard about the Battle of Wake Island -Not a lot of good news at the beginning of the war (00:11:17) Enlisting in the Army -He was old enough to be drafted -Note: Prior to November 1942 the draft age was 21, not 18 -Note: Means that Edward was at least 21 or 22 when he enlisted in the Army -Knew that he could serve as a dentist in either the Army or the Navy -Didn't want to serve on a ship -Decided to enlist in the Army as a dentist -En route to Detroit for a dentists' convention he heard about the Doolittle Raid on Tokyo -Raid happened on April 18, 1942 -Reported to Fort Custer, Michigan for his physical and processing �-Issued uniforms -Commissioned as an officer in the Army since he would be working as a dentist (00:12:34) Stationed at Fort Custer (First Time) -Ordered to report to Chicago on May 2, 1942 -Went to Chicago with his wife -Stayed together for a weekend then she returned to Grand Rapids -Received orders to serve at Fort Custer -Received his basic training at Fort Custer -In the fall of 1942 troops and supplied moved out -Knew that the United States was starting to pour soldiers and material into the war (00:13:29) Stationed at Fort Sheridan -Ordered to report to Fort Sheridan, Illinois on December 1, 1942 -Assigned to an antiaircraft battalion at Fort Sheridan -Spent the winter at Fort Sheridan -One of the coldest winters he ever experienced -Wife visited him for Christmas 1942 (00:14:23) Stationed at Camp Myles Standish Pt. 1 -In mid-February 1943 he received orders to go to Camp Myles Standish, Massachusetts -Father was serving as a colonel with the quartermaster at Camp Myles Standish -Stayed with his father until he could get established in the barracks -Father was eventually transferred to Fort Lee, Virginia -Wife gave birth to their first child while he was at Camp Myles Standish -In August 1943 he was in the hospital and received orders to report to Chicago, again -Visited a friend who was on leave in Portsmouth, New Hampshire -Friend was the executive officer of a submarine (00:17:52) Stationed at Fort Custer (Second Time) Pt. 1 -In Chicago he was assigned to Fort Custer a second time -Able to go home on weekends thanks to extra gas coupons from an enlisted man he befriended -Enjoyed being in Michigan, close to home, and away from the warzones in Europe and Asia (00:19:25) Stationed at Camp Myles Standish Pt. 2 -At Camp Myles Standish he remembers crates of beer being loaded onto ships before tanks -Learned the beer was being sent to North Africa to improve the troops' morale -Took priority over the tanks because of that reason -Remembers a ship that left out of Boston full of troops from Myles Standish -Got torpedoed somewhere between Greenland and Iceland -Almost everyone on board died -Learned that a German spy in Taunton, Massachusetts helped orchestrate the attack (00:21:22) Stationed at Fort Custer (Second Time) Pt. 2 -Had a cottage at Fort Custer -Close to Gun Lake -Enjoyed being away from the frontlines �-In fall 1943 he could see that Germany's days were numbered -He was at Fort Custer on June 6, 1944 for the invasion of France -On June 5, 1944 he heard the invasion was being postponed due to fog -Woke up early on June 6 and heard bells ringing, signaling the start of the invasion -Everyone was anxious about the invasion of France -In fall 1944 a massive number of troops got deployed (00:24:30) Deployment to the European Theater -Received orders to go to the European Theater -Went to Camp Reynolds, Pennsylvania to receive some training and gather supplies -Went on an infiltration course -Crawled under barbed wire while machine guns fired over your head -Remembers it was a nasty, rainy day when he did that -He was the second man to complete the course -Spent Thanksgiving 1944 at Camp Reynolds, Pennsylvania -Locked down because they were getting ready to deploy -Had planned on meeting his wife for Thanksgiving, but was not allowed -Went by train to Camp Patrick Henry, Virginia -Stayed there for several days -Absolutely no communication with the outside world -Anything sent out of camp was delayed for a week to maintain secrecy -Went to Hampton Roads, Virginia to board a Liberty Ship -All of the men he was going overseas with were replacements -20 officers and 65 black soldiers -Rest of the ship was filled with cargo -He was placed in charge of the men because he was the ranking officer -Didn't want to bother the troops so he wrote up a good report as fast as he could -Left Virginia in the middle of the night -Woke up the next day at sea, in the middle of fog, waiting for convoy to form -When the fog lifted he saw that a convoy formed -Big, square formation of ships -Four or five miles by four or five miles -His ship was near a front corner of the formation -Had destroyers protecting the transport ships -Could only go as fast as the slowest ship in the convoy -Slowest ship was a small British ship that was incredibly slow -Took the Southern Route -Sailed from the U.S. to Bermuda to the Azores -Men wanted church services on Sundays -Had a black soldier officiate the services -Had a quarter of tough-looking black soldiers sing hymns -Held the services on the deck of the ship -Took three weeks to get across the Atlantic Ocean -Men occupied their time with gambling and feats of strength -Loved standing on the bow of the ship �-When they got close to Africa he saw the Atlas Mountains -Looked like the edge of a saw -Beautiful sight (00:38:03) Sailing in the Mediterranean Sea -Sailed through the Straits of Gibraltar -Lots of Allied ships patrolling the water -Saw a Spanish ship try to pass through the Allied ships -U.S. destroyer ordered the Spanish ship to leave the area -A large part of that was because of Spain being pro-Nazi and fascist -Saw the Rock of Gibraltar -Convoy broke up in the Mediterranean Sea -Sailed to Oran, Algeria at top speed -Wanted to get to the port as fast as possible because U-Boats prowled the waters -Dusk when they pulled into Oran -Beautiful harbor -Had gone through gun drills on the ship during the voyage -Fired the ship's guns to be familiar with using them -Did abandon ship drills -Soldiers did well with those drills -Stayed in Oran until noon the next day (00:42:58) Arrival in France -Joined a small convoy and sailed to Marseille, France -Only took a couple days to sail from Algeria to southern France -Celebrated his birthday on the ship en route to Marseilles -Remembers lightning striking the ship -Thought an ammunition ship in the convoy exploded -Saw sunken ships in the harbor at Marseilles -Knew you were in a warzone (00:45:12) Stationed in Marseilles -Taken by truck to large estate near Marseille -Camped in the courtyard -Arrived on December 23, 1944 -Freezing cold -Had eight men to a tent plus a little wood stove for heat -No fuel for the stoves except for wood they scavenged from the area -On one instance they used pine cones as fuel -Befriended some of the locals -Got bread and cheese from the mess tent and brought it to a bartender to make a pizza -Had wine and shared it amongst themselves -Witnessed air raids -Shrapnel from the antiaircraft rounds rained down on them -Marseilles was a beautiful city -Remembers a Catholic church dedicated to the fishermen of the city -Had models of the fishing boats that had been blessed by a priest -Remembers a football game held between two American units �-Confusing to the Frenchmen watching -Began to wonder if the War Department lost track of them -Went out scavenging for wood one night -Found a stack of wood and brought it back to the wall surrounding the courtyard -Threw the wood over the wall then climbed over the wall -Next day saw they found the only opening in the wall -Rest of the wall was topped with pieces of broken glass -Saw the beach at Marseille and the abandoned German pillboxes -Had a good Christmas dinner in a stable in Marseilles -Enjoyed it, but it was difficult to be away from home -Remembers a friend that carried a carbine into town whenever he went into town -Went into Marseille one night with that friend to get dinner -Left the restaurant and an air raid siren went off -A random door opened and a Frenchman welcomed them inside -Sat and drank wine with the Frenchman and his family until the raid's end -Learned the Germans sent over one plane to take recon photographs of the harbor -Gave the photos to the German Navy to plan attacks on ships -Plane flew out of range of the antiaircraft fire -Some of the French were very appreciative of the U.S. troops, others were not (00:58:28) Sailing to Italy -Boarded a ship in Marseille with British soldiers and Yugoslavian partisans -Really rough weather and a lot of men got seasick -He got seasick, but never threw up -Supposed to go to Naples, Italy, but the harbor was already filled with ships -Redirected to Taranto, Italy -Old Italian naval base -Saw Italian ships tied up in the harbor -Kept there since Italy's surrender in September 1943 -Went across Taranto to a train station and boarded boxcars -Traveled north along the east side of Italy (01:02:24) Stationed in Caserta -Cut across Italy to Caserta -Got off the train and boarded trucks bound for Count Galeazzo Ciano's old dairy farm -Note: Ciano had been executed in January 1944 by Mussolini's government -Farm was located between the mountains -Had tents beside the farm's pond -Tents had wooden floors, but there was an inch of standing water -Had canvas cots for sleeping -The next day they gathered supplies and waterproofed the tents -Made a candelabra out of Army issued candles, a piece of wood, and a coat hanger -Went to the Red Cross station in Caserta -Warmed up by their large fireplace, drank coffee, and ate cookies -Caught rides on military vehicles and peasant carts into Caserta -Hitchhiked to Naples �-Saw Mount Vesuvius -Naples got really dark at night due to blackouts -Spent a while in Caserta (01:07:50) Reassignment to the Front line Pt. 1 -Boarded a train and was appointed the Train Surgeon -Fortunately, he didn't have to do any work on that train ride -Went north and had nothing to eat -Got into the British 8th Army's section of Italy -Went to a British mess tent to get food -Served unappetizing, greasy food and tea (which he hates) -Used the tea as hot water for shaving -Stopped in Rome for a half hour -Headed toward the front line -Saw the island of Elba -Got to a replacement depot outside of Pisa -There for a little while -Issued orders to join his unit (01:11:28) Life after the War -Had a house on Greenwood Avenue in Grand Rapids -Wife and daughter lived there during the war -Lived there as a whole family for a while after he got home from the war -Moved to a house on Hall Street in Grand Rapids -Eventually moved the house on Hall Street to Elmwood Street -Lived there until daughter got married and son went to college -Now lives in a condo off of East Paris (01:15:24) Father's Military Career -Father studied at the Naval Academy and at the National War College in Washington D.C. -Taught Reserve officers in Grand Rapids -Served in Washington D.C. before the Second World War began (01:19:10) Start of the War Pt. 2 -Knew things were tense between the U.S. and Japan -Remembers decorating the house for Christmas on December 7, 1941 -Sent out to buy some pine boughs at a nearby farm -Farmer told them Japan bombed Pearl Harbor -Didn't believe it at first then turned on the car radio and heard reports coming in From 01:21:20 - 02:07:25 (Deployment to European Theater) through (Reassignment to the Front line Pt. 1) is repeated. Story picks up again at 02:07:26. (02:07:26) Reassignment to the Frontline Pt. 2 -Went from Pisa to Florence by train -Road north was getting mortared by the Germans -Felt vulnerable and knew he was in a war zone -Passed through Florence �-Lots of military supplies -Got past the place the Germans were mortaring without incident -Came to a farm and reported to the colonel -Told his unit was stationed in Florence (02:09:05) Stationed in Florence -Got a jeep and returned to Florence -Unit was quartered at a small soccer field in the city -Had a small venereal disease (VD) hospital and a dental clinic -He did dental work for the soldiers in the city -He was placed in charge of the dental clinic because he had the highest rank -Got along well with the veteran soldiers -Florence was an interesting city -Visited the city and explored -Saw the Florence Cathedral -There were a lot of old buildings -Only 15 miles from the frontline -Heard artillery fire in the distance -Had a lot of work to do -Still made sure all of the men got a day off -Visited the Red Cross station in Florence -Saw the home of the famous Middle Ages poet, Dante Alighieri -Italians had been abused by the Italian fascists and then the German occupiers -Meant they unconditionally respected the American soldiers -Befriended the men in his unit -Had not received a lot of mail in a while and became slightly melancholy about that -Came back to his quarters one day and found half a bushel of letters from home -Italian women did the soldiers' laundry -In two days you got your clothes back -Women washed the clothing with cold water and stones in the irrigation ditches -Had to make sure you got your clothing back before you moved (02:17:42) Death of President Roosevelt -On the morning of either April 12 or 13 he woke up and learned President Roosevelt had died -Everything in Florence closed down to show respect for the late president -British soldiers and Italians wanted to know about President Truman -Americans knew very little about the new president (02:19:26) Downtime in Florence -Got to see a couple concerts and go shopping while in Florence -Very little to buy because the Germans took a lot when they retreated (02:19:56) R&R in Rome -Knew a major offensive was coming and his commanding officer granted him an R&R to Rome -Went to Rome with a chaplain from his unit and a British soldier -Saw the Vatican -Offered a chance to meet the Pope, but respectfully declined �-Felt that Catholic soldiers should see the Pope before he, a Protestant, did -Met some of the British soldier's friends and got drinks with them -Visited the catacombs -Went to a party with the British soldier and British officers -British soldier survived the war, became a minister, and kept in contact with Edward (02:24:00) Spring 1945 Offensive in Italy -When he returned to camp in Florence there were only a dozen men at the camp -Watched as Allied planes went toward the frontline -Half of the sky was filled with planes going north -Other half of the sky was filled with planes going south -It was like clouds of planes -Made the ground vibrate like an earthquake -Drove north on a two and a half ton truck -Passed through a destroyed Italian town -Awestruck by the silence and the odor of war and death that hung over the place -Moved to a northern Italian town -Learned Mussolini had been captured and executed by the Italian resistance -German oil refineries destroyed by Allied bombardment -Meant no more German planes and German vehicles were on the retreat -Found burned out of German vehicles as they advanced north -Received word that Germans in Italy surrendered on May 2, 1945 -Men shot off flares in celebration -Advanced to Verona, Italy to prepare for the occupation of the Brenner Pass -Objective was to keep the Germans out of the Alps -Established a dental clinic in Verona -Soldiers hunted rats to deal with the infestation -Knew the war was coming to an end (02:32:43) End of the War in Europe -On May 8, 1945 Prime Minister Churchill's message of victory was broadcast to the troops -Two men from the 88th Division remarked they'd survived from Africa to VE Day -Watched movies and drank to celebrate the war's end in Europe -A few days later 15 German soldiers surrendered (02:35:20) Post-War Duty Pt. 1 -Able to relax -Went to Lake Garda -Found an old castle and given a tour by the caretaker -Learned the caretaker's son had snuck from Germany to Italy -Reassigned to Montecatini -Worked in a redeployment area -Soldiers getting reassigned to Pacific Theater -Worked two shifts -6 AM to 2 PM or 2 PM to 9 PM -Small town health resort �-Took sulfur baths and came out feeling relaxed -Explored the countryside around Montecatini (02:38:43) Visiting Venice -While in Verona he got to visit Venice -Fairytale-like city -Only stayed for the day (02:39:16) Post-War Duty Pt. 2 -Transferred to the 94th Evacuation Hospital in Montecatini -Made Head of the Dental Clinic -Received R&R to Venice -Planned on taking a jeep to Vienna, Austria, but decided against it -Spent five or six days in Venice -Dances every night in the hotel -Went swimming in the Adriatic Sea -Returned to Montecatini and continued to work (02:42:30) Coming Home & Japan's Surrender -Ordered to gather supplies and go to a camp near Pisa -Went up in the Leaning Tower of Pisa -Spared by German and American artillery -In Pisa they learned about the atomic bombing of Japan -Knew Japan would surrender soon -Slated to go from Livorno ("Leghorn"), Italy to Manila, Philippines -Boarded a ship and sailed out of Livorno -In the middle of the night on August 15, 1945 received word that Japan surrendered -Huge party thrown on the ship's deck -Pulled into Gibraltar and ordered to proceed to Manila -The next morning they were told they were being redirected to Hampton Roads, Virginia -Prompted another party -Pulled into Hampton Roads, Virginia a week later -Sent back to Camp Patrick Henry, Virginia -Called home to tell his wife he was in the United States -Went by train to Camp Grant, Illinois -Arrived in September 1945 -Served a steak dinner upon arrival -Next morning took a train to Chicago then another train to Grand Rapids, Michigan -Greeted by wife and daughter (02:52:48) End of Service -Reported to Camp Chaffee, Arkansas to complete his service -Served there until just before his birthday in December 1945 -Discharged and returned to Grand Rapids to begin his civilian life again � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_BenjaminE1698V Title A name given to the resource Benjamin, Edward Claire (Interview outline and audio), 2013 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013-11-17 Description An account of the resource Edward Benjamin was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan in December in either the late 1910s or early 1920s. He grew up in Grand Rapids and in spring 1942 he enlisted in the Army to serve as a dentist. He reported to Chicago on May 2, 1942 and was assigned to Fort Custer, Michigan for basic training. From December 1, 1942 to November 1944 he served at Fort Sheridan, Illinois then Camp Myles Standish, Massachusetts then Fort Custer again. In December 1944 he boarded a ship in Virginia and was deployed to the European Theater. He was stationed in Marseille, France for a while then in early 1945 he moved to Caserta, Italy then in early spring 1945 moved to Florence, Italy where he worked in a dental clinic. In mid-April 1945 the Spring 1945 Offensive in Italy began and he advanced into northern Italy. After Germany's surrender in Italy on May 2, 1945 he served in Verona, Italy then after Germany's surrender on May 8, 1945 he moved to Montecatini, Italy and served as the head of the dental clinic of the 94th Evacuation Hospital. In August 1945 he left Italy and returned to the United States, and after visiting his wife and daughter, completed his service at Camp Chaffee, Arkansas. He was discharged in December 1945 and returned to Grand Rapids. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin, Edward Claire Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Benjamin, Edward (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6fff68cf35fb1d9442e663c1dec787f7.pdf d7b65408c49bc3679d7de926cbdb9f9f PDF Text Text The pandemic diary by windoworks I know what you’re thinking: Wait! What? Why would she use a word like that? Is she trying to scare me? Well maybe yes and maybe no. What I am trying to do is raise awareness. As a friend of mine said: its time to think about our lives in a completely different way - and in a way thats what its all about, our lives. Everyone doing their best to not put themselves, their families and their friends in harms way. Well what does that entail? It’s hard for me to say what that might mean for you, so I’ll just describe what it means for CB and me. Yesterday Grand Valley State University closed and CB considers this means he is home for the summer. So in line with this it means making sure we have adequate supplies of non perishable foods, necessary medications and household supplies. No, not panic buying, just enough for 2-3 weeks. And by the way, I buy my toilet paper, tissues and paper towels online and they only sell it in bulk so I probably already had enough to last some months. It means not attending any meetings, concerts, events etc until at least the end of March. We are able to take walks outside in the fresh air and if you see us we are happy to converse from 3-6 feet apart. All other activities in the community we will consider as the days go by. So here we are at my Day One. I’ll keep you updated. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource COVID-19 Journals Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Libraries Description An account of the resource This collection of journals and personal narratives was solicited from the GVSU community by archivists of the University Libraries during the events of the 2020 COVID-19 global pandemic. During this unprecedented crisis the university closed suddenly, following federal and state guidelines of social distancing to reduce the spread of the novel coronavirus. The university closed its campuses on March 12, 2020, and quickly moved students out of campus housing. Faculty swiftly transitioned to fully-online teaching for the remainder of the Winter 2020 semester, and all campus events, including commencement, were cancelled. The purpose of the COVID-19 Journaling Project was to document the individual and personal experiences of GVSU’s students, staff, faculty, and the wider community during this time of international crisis. Some project participants were university student employees who were compensated for their journaling. Other participants were granted stipends or extra credit for submitting entries to the archives. Still others participated without any compensation or credit. The University Archives remains grateful to all who submitted journals, for helping us to understand the impact of this crisis on our community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Subject The topic of the resource Epidemics Grand Valley State University College students Personal narratives COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context COVID-19_2020-03-12_BenjaminPamela_PD-Day-01 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin, Pamela Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020-03-12 Title A name given to the resource The pandemic diary Description An account of the resource Daily journal entry of Pamela Benjamin, spouse of GVSU history professor, Craig Benjamin, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Originally self-published on WordPress. Subject The topic of the resource COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Epidemics Grand Valley State University Grand Rapids (Mich.) Personal narratives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a204f4a5aa977ccf05ac2e8f16b356dd.pdf a9d0e29d3b3f4d55999ac6e30cbe72ce PDF Text Text PD Day 2 by windoworks You know a lot of people complain about FaceBook, online news, texting, and email overloads but when you’re confined it is a window to the outside world. Every morning CB cleans our phones, computers and iPads with Clorox wipes and even though my fingertips smell of bleach I feel better about using them. Yesterday we did a little shopping in the grocery store wearing disposable gloves. Not one person looked twice at us. In the store we visited the staff were hard at work replenishing shelves with as much stock as they have available, Many items were completely sold out with little hope of more stock any time soon. Yesterday Broadway New York closed, Disneyland, Disneyworld and Disney Cruises have all closed down. Last night Governor Whitmer closed all Michigan schools effective this Monday. This morning I received notice that Monterrey Aquarium has closed. The United States has a crucial shortage of test kits. There is so much misinformation out there, starting from the top down that a section of the community are refusing to take this threat seriously. Its hard for me to look at the desperate situation in Italy where they have effectively closed the whole country to try and combat the overwhelming numbers of sick people, and then consider the federal response here. I think it comes down to each organization making its own best choice for its members or employees. The streets near our house are very quiet as more people are staying home. This is a whole new way of living for the foreseeable future and I have every confidence we can do it. On a ‘light at the end of the tunnel’ note: Apple stores have reopened in China. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource COVID-19 Journals Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Libraries Description An account of the resource This collection of journals and personal narratives was solicited from the GVSU community by archivists of the University Libraries during the events of the 2020 COVID-19 global pandemic. During this unprecedented crisis the university closed suddenly, following federal and state guidelines of social distancing to reduce the spread of the novel coronavirus. The university closed its campuses on March 12, 2020, and quickly moved students out of campus housing. Faculty swiftly transitioned to fully-online teaching for the remainder of the Winter 2020 semester, and all campus events, including commencement, were cancelled. The purpose of the COVID-19 Journaling Project was to document the individual and personal experiences of GVSU’s students, staff, faculty, and the wider community during this time of international crisis. Some project participants were university student employees who were compensated for their journaling. Other participants were granted stipends or extra credit for submitting entries to the archives. Still others participated without any compensation or credit. The University Archives remains grateful to all who submitted journals, for helping us to understand the impact of this crisis on our community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Subject The topic of the resource Epidemics Grand Valley State University College students Personal narratives COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context COVID-19_2020-03-13_BenjaminPamela_PD-Day-02 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin, Pamela Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020-03-13 Title A name given to the resource PD Day 2 Description An account of the resource Daily journal entry of Pamela Benjamin, spouse of GVSU history professor, Craig Benjamin, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Originally self-published on WordPress. Subject The topic of the resource COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Epidemics Grand Valley State University Grand Rapids (Mich.) Personal narratives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/7ab1f49ca04e89e92d4c0265934ba541.pdf c2bb81e6ba1d173c8c105705145a4ecb PDF Text Text PD Day 3 by windoworks Everything around us is closing, is closed or has very limited customers. In the supermarkets yesterday the shelves were seriously depleted and the lines for the checkout were 30 minutes at least. Yesterday the Administration declared a National Emergency but the Senate has yet to consider the bill offering relief with sick leave etc. The signs are not good that the Leader of the Senate will even allow it to be heard. I simply cannot fathom how anyone in this present situation can consider not doing their very best for their fellow man as well as themselves. I know , I am idealist, I have lived with that for 70 years and I’m not going to change now. New developments: Kent County (where we live) had 4 new cases of COVID-19 yesterday afternoon and although the Governor had restricted gatherings in our state to 250 people or less, Kent County announced restricting it to 100 people or less. Experts (and they really ARE experts) are predicting that this may last for 4 months or more. This changes life as we know it. You have to consider every action and reaction. A friend of mine said yesterday that her mother lives with her and my friend was going to the store in the evening. Her mother wanted to go too but she had to tell her she couldn’t come with her, because it wasn’t safe for her. Overnight in New Zealand the Prime Minister installed a mandatory 14 day quarantine for anyone flying into the country and the cruise ports are closed until June 30. This year I was booked to fly into New Zealand on April 17 on my way to Australia, and during my short 3 day stay enroute my nephew had organized a birthday party to celebrate my sisters 80th birthday. After the 3 days I was flying on to Sydney Australia to spend 3 weeks with my precious daughter ZB and her gorgeous son OB before we all flew back to the US in mid May for their visit here. Yesterday CB and I had the dreadful task of telling ZB, AB and my NZ family that that would not happen. We were all upset. Also overnight my son AB who lives in Melbourne Australia texted that his company had asked all management employees to take their mouse, charger and laptops home to be prepared to work from home. I think that things may escalate soon in Australia. But this morning, eating breakfast in bed with CB he showed me a video clip online of a city somewhere in Italy (where it is now illegal to be outside), where someone leant outside their window at night and began singing to their neighbors. Soon other voices joined in and the �beauty of their singing made me cry. It said (not in words) “I am still here, we are still here and I hear you”. I am still here. Do you hear me? � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource COVID-19 Journals Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Libraries Description An account of the resource This collection of journals and personal narratives was solicited from the GVSU community by archivists of the University Libraries during the events of the 2020 COVID-19 global pandemic. During this unprecedented crisis the university closed suddenly, following federal and state guidelines of social distancing to reduce the spread of the novel coronavirus. The university closed its campuses on March 12, 2020, and quickly moved students out of campus housing. Faculty swiftly transitioned to fully-online teaching for the remainder of the Winter 2020 semester, and all campus events, including commencement, were cancelled. The purpose of the COVID-19 Journaling Project was to document the individual and personal experiences of GVSU’s students, staff, faculty, and the wider community during this time of international crisis. Some project participants were university student employees who were compensated for their journaling. Other participants were granted stipends or extra credit for submitting entries to the archives. Still others participated without any compensation or credit. The University Archives remains grateful to all who submitted journals, for helping us to understand the impact of this crisis on our community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Subject The topic of the resource Epidemics Grand Valley State University College students Personal narratives COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context COVID-19_2020-03-14_BenjaminPamela_PD-Day-03 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin, Pamela Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020-03-14 Title A name given to the resource PD Day 3 Description An account of the resource Daily journal entry of Pamela Benjamin, spouse of GVSU history professor, Craig Benjamin, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Originally self-published on WordPress. Subject The topic of the resource COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Epidemics Grand Valley State University Grand Rapids (Mich.) Personal narratives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/93ad08734cb72f9a9e2db085f310c8cf.pdf e66c0319315e1ffdfb9bff278557f1a4 PDF Text Text PD Day 4 by windoworks Outside my tv room window it is amazingly quiet. Our dog, Miss Murphy Brown, sits at the window and gazes out but the only thing she sees is the occasional bird. Yesterday CB moved the double bird feeder to outside this window so I could watch the birds too. It is a cold but sunny day and I would walk outside in the fresh air but the really strong antibiotics I am taking say little or no exposure to sun. So here I am safely inside while looking longingly out. I have taken to waking at 3am. I wake from a deep sleep and for a moment I think it is like any other middle of the night and then I remember its not. It takes some time for me to go back to sleep. Last night I wondered if we had enough cheese or bread or eggs and in the coming days would we be able to shop for them. This morning CB and I discussed a food shopping service I’m not even sure they’re still operating. I read online, and lets face it, I can’t stop myself. Anyway, I read online that college students on Spring Break have flocked to Miami Florida and are partying like there’s no tomorrow. In Austin Texas life continues as normal - no one has taken any precautions. In other states you have to line up for the grocery store and every sporting, entertainment, bar etc are closed. But also online are wonderful posts. Go to Cincinnati Zoo and Wildlife Park to see a very cheering video of Fiona the Hippopotamus swimming like a whale or porpoise. You can’t help but laugh. I try to keep in touch with family and friends and wonder how everyone is doing. Yesterday a young man walked along our block and knocked on doors to get people to sign a petition. I don’t think anyone obliged him. I felt very sorry for him as I know this is his job, but we’re isolating. Why would we sign anything with someone else’s pen? Thank goodness for my Kindle and the 45+ books I have on there. Thank goodness for Netflix, Amazon Prime (and all its partner subscriptions) and YouTube. Thank goodness for a warm comfortable house with clean sheets on the bed and clean towels in the bathrooms. Thank goodness for CB and his unfailing support and steady reassurance. Thank goodness for neighbors who talk over the fence at least 6 feet away. Thank goodness for my cell phone and my friends who I try to speak to regularly. And thank goodness for FaceTime and being able to see loved ones far across the globe. It’s another day and we’re above ground and breathing. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource COVID-19 Journals Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Libraries Description An account of the resource This collection of journals and personal narratives was solicited from the GVSU community by archivists of the University Libraries during the events of the 2020 COVID-19 global pandemic. During this unprecedented crisis the university closed suddenly, following federal and state guidelines of social distancing to reduce the spread of the novel coronavirus. The university closed its campuses on March 12, 2020, and quickly moved students out of campus housing. Faculty swiftly transitioned to fully-online teaching for the remainder of the Winter 2020 semester, and all campus events, including commencement, were cancelled. The purpose of the COVID-19 Journaling Project was to document the individual and personal experiences of GVSU’s students, staff, faculty, and the wider community during this time of international crisis. Some project participants were university student employees who were compensated for their journaling. Other participants were granted stipends or extra credit for submitting entries to the archives. Still others participated without any compensation or credit. The University Archives remains grateful to all who submitted journals, for helping us to understand the impact of this crisis on our community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Subject The topic of the resource Epidemics Grand Valley State University College students Personal narratives COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context COVID-19_2020-03-15_BenjaminPamela_PD-Day-04 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin, Pamela Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020-03-15 Title A name given to the resource PD Day 4 Description An account of the resource Daily journal entry of Pamela Benjamin, spouse of GVSU history professor, Craig Benjamin, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Originally self-published on WordPress. Subject The topic of the resource COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Epidemics Grand Valley State University Grand Rapids (Mich.) Personal narratives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/21bbfdc22f56e6216574f7ed3b331b88.pdf d0c84b846dd76624addb339cbab436b3 PDF Text Text PD Day 5 by windoworks Yesterday CB and I entered the world of online grocery shopping. This morning as our shopper JF began assembling our order from our grocery store of choice, we have had an interesting online chat about substitutions and items I forgot yesterday. She will deliver our order soon, ring the doorbell and leave the bags on the front porch. It is very heartening to know that we can still get needed supplies with little extra charge. AB, my son in Melbourne, told me that they had to suspend online grocery shopping there as people were hoarding. I don’t think our service would allow that. I could tell you how many cases of the virus we have in Michigan and what new restrictions have been put in place but I’m sure you are following the developments where you live and may be heartily sick of more scary information from me. So, with that in mind, i want to talk briefly about Facebook. Many people have badmouthed it and many people have taken themselves off it, but for me over the past few days, it has become a source of amusement and wonder - and a lifesaver. Locally, Meijer Gardens, our beautiful gardens and sculpture park which features a stupendous butterfly exhibit in their greenhouse each March, has put the butterflies online in a streaming video. I will not be able to see the butterflies in person this year but I have already watched them on my iPad and its a reasonable alternative and it makes me smile. In Chicago at the Aquarium they let one of the little penguins out of the enclosure and he happily wandered around looking at the other big fish tanks. Museums around the world have sent out online coloring books of their masterpieces as well as virtual tours of their museum. Many meetings, classes such as Mindfulness are being offered online. My Women’s City Club is offering online games and activities on a weekly Wednesday post and they’re working on online Thursday programs for our members. Another advantage of Facebook is that we get to talk online to faraway friends. It’s so reassuring to find that we are all trying to stay afloat in this together and cheer each other up - and commiserate when necessary. None of us are experts at staying inside and away from friends and family. In two developments to be aware of for us in the US (and Michigan), as we are all using our credit cards for online shopping more than usual, be aware of credit card fraud - my company is overzealous in checking purchases. And secondly, all bars and restaurants will close for in-house dining at 3pm today. I’m sure we all saw that coming. �Finally, here is a new daily feature: a randomly chosen photo from much happier times. AB and I on a bridge In Edinburgh in 2016 on our way to visit Edinburgh castle. I loved Edinburgh with its old multilevel twisting streets and its stunning castle on the hill above the city. We ate extravagantly and in particular I will always remember the fabulous meal that AB bought us at a tiny restaurant called the Gardeners Cottage (I think). We sat at a long shared table and ate what the chef had cooked that night. It was wonderful. Such a happy memory to take out and enjoy again. Until tomorrow then. You know the drill - stay home and stay safe. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource COVID-19 Journals Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Libraries Description An account of the resource This collection of journals and personal narratives was solicited from the GVSU community by archivists of the University Libraries during the events of the 2020 COVID-19 global pandemic. During this unprecedented crisis the university closed suddenly, following federal and state guidelines of social distancing to reduce the spread of the novel coronavirus. The university closed its campuses on March 12, 2020, and quickly moved students out of campus housing. Faculty swiftly transitioned to fully-online teaching for the remainder of the Winter 2020 semester, and all campus events, including commencement, were cancelled. The purpose of the COVID-19 Journaling Project was to document the individual and personal experiences of GVSU’s students, staff, faculty, and the wider community during this time of international crisis. Some project participants were university student employees who were compensated for their journaling. Other participants were granted stipends or extra credit for submitting entries to the archives. Still others participated without any compensation or credit. The University Archives remains grateful to all who submitted journals, for helping us to understand the impact of this crisis on our community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Subject The topic of the resource Epidemics Grand Valley State University College students Personal narratives COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context COVID-19_2020-03-16_BenjaminPamela_PD-Day-05 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin, Pamela Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020-03-16 Title A name given to the resource PD Day 5 Description An account of the resource Daily journal entry of Pamela Benjamin, spouse of GVSU history professor, Craig Benjamin, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Originally self-published on WordPress. Subject The topic of the resource COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Epidemics Grand Valley State University Grand Rapids (Mich.) Personal narratives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9a459f682f4dae7338897a1f9d2ac811.pdf 79bdc2b68bdfd5be07279df48d61cd32 PDF Text Text Is it really only Day 6? by windoworks We’re in this for the long haul so its time to think about what we can do to keep ourselves busy and cheerful. If you’re now working from home you probably have more than enough to do, so really I’m just speaking to those like me. I hate the word retired so when asked I write ‘author’. I used to write ‘artist’ but since I broke my wrist I haven’t created any more windows. Who knows? Perhaps I have time for both now. So, a quick roundup of the day’s developments so far: in Michigan everything is continuing to slowly close except grocery stores, pharmacies and hospitals. No extra visitors at hospitals, and I heard that staff may be checked before entering for work. Our local cake store is closed except for previous orders, and our local butcher is taking orders by phone with credit card payments only. Their doors are locked during business hours and they contact people when their order is ready. The ‘doors locked’ part freaked me out a bit. In New Zealand they have begun deporting tourists who flout the 14 day self-isolation rule and my oldest ZL has begun working from home. In Australia, Sydney, ZB is working from home and the daycare facility for OB will probably close at the end of this week. In Melbourne, AB is already working from home and his rowing association has suspended all regattas and they are discussing training options. CB is still walking the dog 3 times a day and keeping carefully away from everyone. People out running cross right over to the other side of the street when they see him coming. Here are some gems from FaceBook to make you smile. #songsofcomfort. Every day Yo Yo Ma records himself playing a classical piece which he dedicates to us all in this time of stress Classic fm. Italians singing or playing instruments from rooftops, balconies or through their open window www,openculture.com Italian messages. They asked Italians all over the country to record a message online to themselves of 10 days ago (if only I’d known what I know now). Illuminating and strangely cheering And finally, today’s photo: �This photo is of me, suitably attired, in the Great Mosque in Abu Dhabi. I had to put on this synthetic hijab-like gown and pull the hood up over my hair. Actually, I got told off for having some hair showing and had to adjust it. It was a beautiful mosque but I was faint from the heat and the damned hood kept slipping forward over my eyes. It was stunningly beautiful, all constructed and decorated in marble and I’m glad I saw it and I never have to go there again. Abu Dhabi is another city built in the desert like Dubai. We stayed in a gorgeous golf themed hotel but what we saw of the rest of the city was pretty sterile. Writing this blogpost is one of the highlights of my day so I hope you’re enjoying reading it . Till tomorrow then - stay safe and warm � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource COVID-19 Journals Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Libraries Description An account of the resource This collection of journals and personal narratives was solicited from the GVSU community by archivists of the University Libraries during the events of the 2020 COVID-19 global pandemic. During this unprecedented crisis the university closed suddenly, following federal and state guidelines of social distancing to reduce the spread of the novel coronavirus. The university closed its campuses on March 12, 2020, and quickly moved students out of campus housing. Faculty swiftly transitioned to fully-online teaching for the remainder of the Winter 2020 semester, and all campus events, including commencement, were cancelled. The purpose of the COVID-19 Journaling Project was to document the individual and personal experiences of GVSU’s students, staff, faculty, and the wider community during this time of international crisis. Some project participants were university student employees who were compensated for their journaling. Other participants were granted stipends or extra credit for submitting entries to the archives. Still others participated without any compensation or credit. The University Archives remains grateful to all who submitted journals, for helping us to understand the impact of this crisis on our community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Subject The topic of the resource Epidemics Grand Valley State University College students Personal narratives COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context COVID-19_2020-03-17_BenjaminPamela_PD-Day-06 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin, Pamela Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020-03-17 Title A name given to the resource Is it really only Day 6? Description An account of the resource Daily journal entry of Pamela Benjamin, spouse of GVSU history professor, Craig Benjamin, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Originally self-published on WordPress. Subject The topic of the resource COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Epidemics Grand Valley State University Grand Rapids (Mich.) Personal narratives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/010023de2e36ca6758d855bbf097a384.pdf 2f095bd2e2267206ac82dd30d18f4a4e PDF Text Text Day 7 by windoworks This morning it occurred to me that the cruise CB was booked to lecture on in late July and early August, sailing around exciting ports in the Mediterranean and Black Sea, will probably be cancelled. I was reading online that there are still a number of ships out there, some with confirmed cases and some without, struggling to find a port that will let them dock and offload their passengers. That seems like a good plot for a movie. I have also heard stories of family members being stuck in other countries far from home, unable to find their way back to their loved ones. Yesterday the Administration said they were trying to get everything under control and it might take months. CB’s college closed almost completely yesterday with only absolutely essential staff members remaining at work. They are now making arrangements for online enrollment for the Fall semester - and here we are, not even officially in Spring yet. Nearly everyone I know is engaged in some sort of reorganization or cleaning of their home. Jobs that have been ignored for years are now a welcome activity for each long isolated day. I know CB is waiting for me to start rearranging the furniture and the kitchen cupboards. Yesterday was a lovely sunny day and so CB, Murphy Brown and I went for a drive. We would have stopped somewhere to walk but the antibiotics I am just finishing say no exposure to sunlight so walking will have to wait until the end of the week. And also yesterday, in a flash of inspiration, the family and I discussed setting up the B&L Bookclub online. There’s AW and ZL in New Zealand, AB and ZB in Australia, EB in England and CB and myself here in the States. We chose a book and we’re discussing it online on Friday April 3. Our niece EB is quarantined with her partner in Cornwall England. She probably has a rotten cold (yes, flus and colds are still doing the rounds) but she was sent home just to be careful. which is my public announcement for the day: If you’re not sure, stay home. You know, its the silence that gets me. There is the faint hum of traffic, but nothing else. No screen doors banging, no lawnmowers, nothing. Just quiet. Our streetlight across the road from our house flickers on and off - well more off than on now. We asked for it to be repaired about 6 weeks ago and I don’t like our chances now. It makes the street eerily dark in the middle of the night, yet another unsettling development. ��Thingvellir National Park in Iceland. Iceland is divided by the Mid-Atlantic Rift. Apparently this is the only place in the world where the rift is above sea level. On one side is the North American plate and on the other side is the Eurasia plate. Where we are standing is the Rift Valley. These tectonic plates move apart at a rate of 2.5 centimeters a year and this causes earthquakes in the area every day, mostly too minor to be felt. Iceland was settled predominantly by the Norse in 874 but they were different clan groups with different ideas and values. As Thingvellir was a good midpoint for the island it was chosen as an Assembly point and in 930 CE (Common Era) over 30 ruling chiefs met to discuss law and create a commonwealth. It became an annual assembly where disputes were settled, criminals punished and news was shared. It was called the Althingi and it continues today but relocated to Reykjavik as the national government. At Thingvellir you can see old foundations if you look carefully. It felt strange to be standing between two continental plates. I’m so glad I did it. Well, tomorrow then. Today I am going to investigate Group FaceTime. I’ll let you know. Stay safe and warm and inside. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource COVID-19 Journals Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Libraries Description An account of the resource This collection of journals and personal narratives was solicited from the GVSU community by archivists of the University Libraries during the events of the 2020 COVID-19 global pandemic. During this unprecedented crisis the university closed suddenly, following federal and state guidelines of social distancing to reduce the spread of the novel coronavirus. The university closed its campuses on March 12, 2020, and quickly moved students out of campus housing. Faculty swiftly transitioned to fully-online teaching for the remainder of the Winter 2020 semester, and all campus events, including commencement, were cancelled. The purpose of the COVID-19 Journaling Project was to document the individual and personal experiences of GVSU’s students, staff, faculty, and the wider community during this time of international crisis. Some project participants were university student employees who were compensated for their journaling. Other participants were granted stipends or extra credit for submitting entries to the archives. Still others participated without any compensation or credit. The University Archives remains grateful to all who submitted journals, for helping us to understand the impact of this crisis on our community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Subject The topic of the resource Epidemics Grand Valley State University College students Personal narratives COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context COVID-19_2020-03-18_BenjaminPamela_PD-Day-07 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin, Pamela Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020-03-18 Title A name given to the resource Day 7 Description An account of the resource Daily journal entry of Pamela Benjamin, spouse of GVSU history professor, Craig Benjamin, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Originally self-published on WordPress. Subject The topic of the resource COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Epidemics Grand Valley State University Grand Rapids (Mich.) Personal narratives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/bf63fd3449817bb3da55d10a44c06da9.pdf 4a7eeefaa7428351cc4f91d7252c5c5c PDF Text Text Day 8 by windoworks Good morning! Yes its me again. You know the funny thing is, I used to have trouble remembering what day of the week it was and know I always know! Huh! In the daily roundup: here in Michigan we jumped in 2 days from 65 confirmed cases to 110. Will we have 220 in 2 days time? I don’t know. And thats the thing, they can predict and extrapolate but no one really knows for sure. There are shortages of test kits and medical supplies and people are just doing the best they can with what they have. I have cancelled all my hair appointments so now I guess we’ll see just how grey I really am. My next learning curve will be to get the shellac nail polish off my fingernails. I might have to order all the nail tools online. I’m starting to feel like a pioneer woman. The family and CB and I are starting to FaceTime regularly and I have had calls and messages from friends I haven’t seen or heard from for years. FaceBook continues to delight and the wonderful reaching out to all is such an affirmation of the human spirit. I saw that there are 3 stages in this pandemic: shock, panic and then acceptance. I feel like CB and I have just reached acceptance. How about you? And here’s something new - for the past 2 years we haven’t been home for much of the summer and so have just done maintenance on our garden. It’s looking more and more like we’ll be here well into summer, so we are thinking of ordering seeds online and revamping the back garden with wildflowers and vegetables. I’m sort of excited! What project are you finally finding the time for? Finally, by special request from ZB, here is today’s flashback photo: �Here are ZB and I standing on the battlements of the Chateau de Foix above the town of Foix in the region of the Ariege, France. This area was known as the center of the Cathars, quite a strange religion with much fire and brimstone and avenging angels. This chateau or castle gave the ruling family control over the upper Ariege valley and easy surveillance of the lower valley. It had a long and chequered history which you can look up for yourself online. We did go inside the castle and we saw the really (for the times) big bed of the last king of the Navarre, Henri, who annexed his Pyrenean lands to France and thus became Henri IV of France. It was an amazingly cold and inhospitable place but the town of Foix was one of my favorite places to visit, shop and eat lunch. They had several restaurants and cafes which offered the Plat du Jour - 2 courses and wine for a very reasonable price, and there was never any hurry to finish your lunch. Most businesses in the French countryside close for 2-3 hours at lunchtime to allow for a leisurely lunch, either at home or out with friends. I thought it was a wonderful way of life and CB and I enjoyed it for all of November and December 2016. Most of our children came for Christmas with us and I cooked a goose - but thats another story. Stay well and safe. Tomorrow then. �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource COVID-19 Journals Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Libraries Description An account of the resource This collection of journals and personal narratives was solicited from the GVSU community by archivists of the University Libraries during the events of the 2020 COVID-19 global pandemic. During this unprecedented crisis the university closed suddenly, following federal and state guidelines of social distancing to reduce the spread of the novel coronavirus. The university closed its campuses on March 12, 2020, and quickly moved students out of campus housing. Faculty swiftly transitioned to fully-online teaching for the remainder of the Winter 2020 semester, and all campus events, including commencement, were cancelled. The purpose of the COVID-19 Journaling Project was to document the individual and personal experiences of GVSU’s students, staff, faculty, and the wider community during this time of international crisis. Some project participants were university student employees who were compensated for their journaling. Other participants were granted stipends or extra credit for submitting entries to the archives. Still others participated without any compensation or credit. The University Archives remains grateful to all who submitted journals, for helping us to understand the impact of this crisis on our community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Subject The topic of the resource Epidemics Grand Valley State University College students Personal narratives COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context COVID-19_2020-03-19_BenjaminPamela_PD-Day-08 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin, Pamela Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020-03-19 Title A name given to the resource Day 8 Description An account of the resource Daily journal entry of Pamela Benjamin, spouse of GVSU history professor, Craig Benjamin, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Originally self-published on WordPress. Subject The topic of the resource COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Epidemics Grand Valley State University Grand Rapids (Mich.) Personal narratives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/aa47b909d9db1655b88f24849ee7b372.pdf 167f665d6d660226ed000c910abb847a PDF Text Text Day 9 by windoworks �So this is a part of the new daily plan: a walk before lunchtime. This is Highland Park, an old golf course which was purchased by the adjacent Blandford Nature Center. It is a huge rambling place and an excellent spot to walk your dog. We did see a few other people in the distance but everyone kept well back from each other and didn’t even say hello Still, we enjoyed the walk and then the drive out and around CB’s campus which was very forlorn. FaceBook continues to amuse. ZB posted a video clip that featured Fred Astaire and his partner dancing to Dancing Cheek to Cheek being run on the side of an apartment block somewhere in Italy. One couple were dancing in their apartment. My neighbor has set up a Family Feud quiz online and another friend posts the winner of the day’s funny. I can feel everyone reaching out across the world. A note of caution: FaceBook is experiencing its biggest traffic flow ever and in Europe the EU has asked Netflix and YouTube to use Standard Definition instead of High Definition. CB worries a power outage might be next and diligently charges our battery chargers. This is also the moment we regret not buying a generator. Yesterday I looked online at them but as I have absolutely no idea of size, capacity or even how to instal them, it was a wasted effort. In Michigan our cases climbed yesterday from 110 to 365. And thats only those tested and confirmed. A triple jump in 24 hours is really disturbing, I’m almost nervous to check the numbers today. Our streets are quieter and quieter. Here’s a photo from 2 days ago of Wealthy Street taken from the middle of the street at 9:30am on a Wednesday morning �And this is Lake Drive at 8:30am the same morning. Normally bumper to bumper traffic. �And. as usual, here is the throwback photo. �This is the Canale della Giudecca in Venice. What you’re looking at is a temporary man made bridge across the Giudecca Canal. Every year on the 3rd weekend of July, Venice holds the Festa de Redentore. Between 1575 and 1577, a terrible plague killed about one third of Venice’s population. It spread very fast through the high density population (oh where have I heard this before?). In 1576, the Senate commissioned a church dedicated to Jesus the Redeemer (I’ll Redentore) hoping this would get rid of the plague. A year later, the city was cured and they held a celebration, Festa de Redentore (Feast of the Redeemer). Every year now, they build a bridge across the canal to Giudecca Island. Hundreds of Venetians and tourists cross the bridge in a pilgrimage to the beautiful Il Redentore Church where they light candles and pray. The. Bridge is called the Thanksgiving Bridge and it stays in place for 3 days only. We sailed in on a cruise ship that CB was lecturing on and stayed docked in the canal for 3 days. At the end of the second day, there is the most extravagant and lengthy fireworks display I have ever seen. It begins at 11:30pm in St Marks Basin and continues for more than 30 minutes. Our captain said: you will get bored, and in a terrible way he was right. After standing on the top deck of the ship for about 25 minutes, CB and I gave up and went to bed. We had run out of ooohs and aaahs. I wonder how Venice will celebrate when all this is over? Stay well and safe. Talk tomorrow. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource COVID-19 Journals Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Libraries Description An account of the resource This collection of journals and personal narratives was solicited from the GVSU community by archivists of the University Libraries during the events of the 2020 COVID-19 global pandemic. During this unprecedented crisis the university closed suddenly, following federal and state guidelines of social distancing to reduce the spread of the novel coronavirus. The university closed its campuses on March 12, 2020, and quickly moved students out of campus housing. Faculty swiftly transitioned to fully-online teaching for the remainder of the Winter 2020 semester, and all campus events, including commencement, were cancelled. The purpose of the COVID-19 Journaling Project was to document the individual and personal experiences of GVSU’s students, staff, faculty, and the wider community during this time of international crisis. Some project participants were university student employees who were compensated for their journaling. Other participants were granted stipends or extra credit for submitting entries to the archives. Still others participated without any compensation or credit. The University Archives remains grateful to all who submitted journals, for helping us to understand the impact of this crisis on our community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Subject The topic of the resource Epidemics Grand Valley State University College students Personal narratives COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context COVID-19_2020-03-20_BenjaminPamela_PD-Day-09 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin, Pamela Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020-03-20 Title A name given to the resource Day 9 Description An account of the resource Daily journal entry of Pamela Benjamin, spouse of GVSU history professor, Craig Benjamin, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Originally self-published on WordPress. Subject The topic of the resource COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Epidemics Grand Valley State University Grand Rapids (Mich.) Personal narratives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b1376b09d105375fd80dc96a9a941542.pdf d9e0399c2b5170061e85109b0fee96d7 PDF Text Text Day 10 by windoworks In the 3 stages for the pandemic I have passed, shock, panic, acceptance and have segued to resignation (I guess that is Stage 4). So this is my new life. Every morning I read WaPo (Washington Post), I look at FaceBook, read emails and messages from all around the world as I eat my breakfast in bed. Because why do I need to get up? Then I write my blogpost by which time CB and Murphy Brown come back from their first walk of the day. I get a little extra time in bed while CB showers first and then I get up, shower, put on some make up as well as my clothes and jewelry and then we all go out for a drive and then walk somewhere in the fresh air. Then its home for lunch and the rest of the day spent cooking or cleaning or snoozing or FaceTiming family etc. Sometimes we shop online for groceries and other essentials like the 2 Charles Wysocki 1000 pice jigsaw puzzles I just ordered through Amazon. CB reading this will exclaim ‘I told you not to sell all those puzzles at the yard sale!’ I know, but who knew the pandemic was coming? ��This was yesterday’s walk at Millennium Park. As you can tell from looking at what I am wrapped up in, it was freezing cold. Murphy didn’t care. It was an absolute cornucopia of smells for her and she had to be dragged on several times by CB. Also, there were geese and they were honking. Murphy so wants to chase them and CB teases her by honking himself and fooling her. Yesterday an old friend from New Zealand emailed me and said he had just been ordered home by the Prime Minister. She advised all 70+ New Zealanders to go home and stay there, especially if they or a family member have compromised immune systems. It appears that New Zealand, in spite of their very quick measures, have experienced their first 2 community spread cases. Community spread is where there is no traceable contagion and its scary because it can be all downhill from there. NZ has a description of the 4 alert stages and they are at Stage 2 and considering Stage 3 which is almost all locked down. I think San Francisco is at Stage 4 here. We’re at Stage 3. Oh, every day the Monterrey Aquarium hosts a 10-15 minute meditation on Instagram. You look at the waves or fish swimming through your relaxed eyes (tricky, hard not to fall asleep), listen to the soothing music and the narrators voice as you participate. It’s really nice and its something I’m beginning to look forward to every day. They post in in the morning but you can run it any time during the day. So today I might make a cake and perhaps it is my turn to make dinner. Decisions , decisions. Here is todays throw back photo. �This is in July 2016 when CB and I attended the North Sea Jazz Festival. This festival is held every year at the Ahoy venue in Rotterdam. Some years before, CB had taken a group of jazz fans to Europe for a number of jazz festivals and then it was held in The Hague. From its modest beginnings in 1976 it has grown to 15 stages, 1200 musicians and about 25,000 visitors each day of the 3 day festival. We attended all 3 days and heard an astonishing array of music types. In the center of all the stages was a food court that you bought tickets to and then looked for your food choices. On the Friday Opening Night we lined up outside with hundreds of people waiting for the doors to open. We had purchased our tickets online beforehand and so we went through the turnstiles and got a wristband each. The photo above is of the opening band in the main auditorium. There were over 20,000 people crammed in there when the music started. It was a band called Snarky Puppy and they were fantastic. At the opening chords of the first number everyone went berserk and screamed and shouted. I was excited but deeply worried - there was minimal security, that is, almost none. However, the whole experience was amazing and I saw many types of music and quite a few famous musicians over the three days. �It’s a sunny day so time to get up and go out for a drive and a walk. Till tomorrow then - stay well and stay safe. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource COVID-19 Journals Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Libraries Description An account of the resource This collection of journals and personal narratives was solicited from the GVSU community by archivists of the University Libraries during the events of the 2020 COVID-19 global pandemic. During this unprecedented crisis the university closed suddenly, following federal and state guidelines of social distancing to reduce the spread of the novel coronavirus. The university closed its campuses on March 12, 2020, and quickly moved students out of campus housing. Faculty swiftly transitioned to fully-online teaching for the remainder of the Winter 2020 semester, and all campus events, including commencement, were cancelled. The purpose of the COVID-19 Journaling Project was to document the individual and personal experiences of GVSU’s students, staff, faculty, and the wider community during this time of international crisis. Some project participants were university student employees who were compensated for their journaling. Other participants were granted stipends or extra credit for submitting entries to the archives. Still others participated without any compensation or credit. The University Archives remains grateful to all who submitted journals, for helping us to understand the impact of this crisis on our community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Subject The topic of the resource Epidemics Grand Valley State University College students Personal narratives COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context COVID-19_2020-03-21_BenjaminPamela_PD-Day-10 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin, Pamela Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020-03-21 Title A name given to the resource Day 10 Description An account of the resource Daily journal entry of Pamela Benjamin, spouse of GVSU history professor, Craig Benjamin, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Originally self-published on WordPress. Subject The topic of the resource COVID-19 pandemic, 2019-2020 Epidemics Grand Valley State University Grand Rapids (Mich.) Personal narratives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Archives. COVID-19 Journaling Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng