828 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c7462e178ae99c9f36fd2e5c22390d05.pdf b7666d9212922e12a24aa4997b2637a7 PDF Text Text n In the memento exists the secret of salvation Baal Chem Tov 11 The diploma at hand attests to it , that in its meeting of the 14th of January 1985, the oOlllrllission for bestowing honor to the righteous among the nations , established by the Commerative Institute of the Martyrs and heroes YAD VASHEM , based on the good faith and testimony of witnesses , has rendered honor to : Peter N. and Adriana Termaat who , with their life at risk have saved persecuted Jews during the period of the Holocaust in Europe , and has awarded to them the Medal of the Righteous among the nations , and has authorized them to plant a tree in their name in the Lane of the Righteous on the mountain of Commemoration in Jerusalem . Done at Jerusalem Israel on the 12th of January 1986 . The inscription on the medal reads To Peter N. and Adriana Termaat the Jewish people recognize that whosoever saves one life , saves the entire universe . We received the Certificate and Medal from the hands of Ambassador Zvi Brosh of Israel , in a ceremony on March 31, 1986 at the Consulate General of Israel in Chicago The ceremony was attended by the media, Holocaust survivors and Jewish leaders . � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_AWD_1986-03-31-Yad-Vashem-Description-of-medal-and-ceremony-401 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Pieter Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986-03-31 Title A name given to the resource Description of Yad Vashem medal and ceremony Description An account of the resource Typescript translation and description of Yad Vashem Righteous Gentiles Award, medal and ceremony. Subject The topic of the resource Righteous Gentiles in the Holocaust Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a1fbe60fc1895bb7c804a3f006861857.pdf 3b71089b7268f4cace2d7f692084ce1f PDF Text Text ... ·•~ . ~ -. - •' -· '• · On March Jlst , 1986 , the Consul-General of State of Israel placed the news of our recognition by Yad Vashem on the Telex. Thereupon the Gram Rapids Press wrote an article about ua , which was written soberly am thoughttully • On April 10, 1986 the story reached our Church bulletin, after Holy Week am Easter. · The prerlous Slbiq, 01D" Senior Pastor Dr.Shoup had asked us after the service to join him in tront oft.he Churchcongregation and introduced us. We joined in the singing of the hymn J61: " Once to t!IVery man an:i nation " • After that I spoke of the early commitment of our Reformed Church following the Nazi occupation of The Netherlams. Our Synod had a message read11 from all pulpits , warning us of the difficult years to come, exerted us to stand on principle and reminded us of the words of the prophet Isaiah as printed in this Newsletter. I eITtphasized that these wellknown words, took on a immediate meaning stood out , came alive ,fleshed out and took on a life all its own. It became our guidance , well nigh a mar·ching order during the 5 years to come of persecution, bloodshed, discrimination, cruelty, treason and tears. It was the strength of our faith that carried us: a solid rock. Many martyrs fell in our mostly '\D'larmed struggle • ;,~ • . -~ This too , next to the Gram Rapids Press article becomes part of your heritage. May all of you be spared for the calamities, om- generation worldwide had to face , with 57 milliol7 soldiers and civilians dead • But when difficulties or adversities do come , turn to God's Word • It is a sure f oun:iation • Attached: hymn 361 award ceremony church newsletter :, -~1 �Once to Every Man and Nation 361 8. 7, 8, 7, 0. Thomaa Jolin Williams , 1890 EIIIINIIIZU (TON·Y·BOTIIL) : James Ruuelf Lowell. 18-fS: alt. ~ I. Once to to 3. Though the 2. Then ev - ery man and side with truth is cause of e - vil na - tion Comes the no - ble, When we pros-per, Yet 'tis ..... 1....._ ,~ r ,) Some great cause, some new de - ci - sion, Of • - fering each the bloom or blight, Then it is the brave man choos - es While the cow-ard stands a - side, Yet that scaf-fold sways the fu - ture, And, be - hind the dim un - known, And the Till the Stand-eth choice goes by for - ev - er Twixt that dark-ness and that light. mu! - ti - tude make vir - tue Of the faith they had de-nied. God with - in the shad-ow Keep-ing watch a - bove Hi's own. ,..-;- A-MEN . I I Mu sic copyright by Gwenlyn Evans. Ltd. Used by ~rmisslon. LIFE IN CHRIST : TRIAL AND CONFLICT [ 307 ] �NEWSCENTRAL E April 10, 1986 I w s C E N T R A L CONGREGATIONAL MEETING The annual Congregational meeting for the election of Elders and Deacons will be held in the Sanctuary irnnediately following the worship service this Sunday , April 13. The people nominated are as follow: ELDER: Barbara Davidson Bernard Kool Elin Moerland Helena Riekse Kenneth VanderKolk DEACON: James Galer Arthur Hasse Timothy Hillegonds Sally Tapley Scott Usadel CEN1RAL MEMBERS IN THE NEWS ---- - - - - -- --- In recent years, PETER and ADRIANA (JEAN) TERMAAT have received recognition for their roles in World War II as part of the Dutch resistance movement. Most recently they were honored by the Yad Vashem with a medallion which reads: To Peter and Adriana Termaat - The Jewish peopl,e recognize that "whosoever saves one 1,ife saves the entire universe." The Baal, Shem Tov. Their service is expressed well by the words of the Prophet, Isaiah, " ••• Shelter the homeless, do not betray the fugitive." (Isaiah 16:3 NEB) Peter and Jean were further recognized by our congregation at the close of worship Sunday. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_AWD_1986-04-10-Yad-Vashem-program-and-hymn Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Pieter Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986-04-10 Title A name given to the resource Yad Vashem program and hymn Description An account of the resource Typescript description of Yad Vashem ceremony, with attached photocopy of hymn and church newsletter. Subject The topic of the resource Righteous Gentiles in the Holocaust Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d8c95ef9747fc842891ea5592a01579e.pdf 822bcffbec7bb543d126424be79a3f3a PDF Text Text Peter N. and Adriana B. Termaat 1730 Westlane Ave N. E., Srand Ra.pids , ·li chigan J..9505 l· . l·,o she Bar s . s . t . t. Dear Hr . Bar: 'it _ reference t o t he Rivhteou s Gent ile L\.ward , my wife ancl I have rec')ived at the Consulate on [IJarch 31 , 1986 , it is our understanding that this would 11utl-iorize us to plant a troe in our 11 mes in the Lane of t'1e 'til!htAous on the 7'-iountain of Com~omor tion n Jerusal em • Should we not be able to e-o ther e ourselves 'lt thi time , we might delo'5ato llnyone we wish to p1 :mt tl-ie t o,., on our behalf • vould you gi e s t ho necess ry infor m tion abou th,., co t involved and guide us in the a.y to fmnd n. contact i n Jerus lm11 , sn orr: nlz tion or porson to st,m d i'1 for us ? i 'e would very much appr'lci. t o y our ad v1.c,,. • Cordially , �Jerusalem, 2 October 1986 Mr. Peter N. Termaat 1730 Westland Drive, N.E. Grand Rapids, MI 49505 U.S . A. Dear Mr. Termaat, Thank you for your letter of August 25th. You may delegate anyone you wish to plant the tree on your behalf. Just advise us in writing the name of the person and the date of his (or her) visit to Jerusalem. Sincerely yours, Dr. Mordecai Paldiel Director Dept. for the Righteous file 3085 ,, ., . .• D•~w11• 'O 'Vl -"P Yad Vaahcm, Israel P.O.B. 3477 •-r .n Jerusalem • 91034 CAIUS, YAD VASHEM, l'.O .B. 3"77 ,•n JIIUSALIM, 91034 .a•'Jan,• TEL. 531202. 'JCI ,DWI,. :D'j:J1:JD �AD VASHEM LOCAUST MARTYRS' AND HEROES' REIIEIIBRANCE AUTHORITY HAR HAZIKARON, JERUSALEM Jerusalem, 21 December 1986 Mr. Peter N. and Mrs . Adriana U. Termaat 1730 Westlane Avenue N.E. Grand Rap ids , Mic hi gan 49505 U.S.A. Dea r Mr. and Mrs. Termaat, Yourl ett er to our Chicago Consulate-General was forwarded to us for further study and proce ssing. As you are an xious to have the tree bearing your names planted as soon as possible, and there being no one else in Jerusalem to desi gnate for thi s purpose, we shall willingly do it ourselves if that i s fine with you. With your con sent, a tree will be added to the Righ t eous lane at an appro priate date very soon . Lookin g forward to your respon se to this sugges tion. - Since rel y yours, Dr. Mordecai Paldiel Di rector Dept. for the Righteous file 3085 CA• LES, YAD VASHEM, P.O.11. 3•77 ,•n JIIUSALIM, 91034 .a•.,an,• TEL. 531202 .'Hl .DWI,. :D 1 jn JD �Peter N. and ~dri~n4 B,T9rl'TIA~t 1730 Westla.n'l Driv'3 ~' . F., Grand , al,' f· , ·.c' .l,Ta l qr;o5 Grand 'c11pid s, h >,,,,:::,i 'r. ' •10rus:.i lea r, "'r. r-" -~v ir,nto~ , - ~ ,lc l1if· an 19f\7 .a.i , ~ lr<i 1 rtmY1L ror .;r '31 • or , -:: ,j &nUJJl'"'/ ~ ~~ri ·1 ~bous 1rli, 1 , tt"r o ~AC" hn + n 11 • ~ tr, t be1• ·' s . s 1 A 'ov"' .. + q +,vl t, .,.,,re reir·, ·ur,. . yon I.'or :n· v cnc:t i-1 ·o , 0 00 u.l l it .,,., possibl-i ~lso t0 11.?ve 1 --i ::tur.,s, t.'\l:~)r l)f tt a t e fly sonarate I" 11 t o 1dl1 s<:n 4 .vou 3 corr of t'le sy11 ·us i:r:,-oar,c;, b~,' 11r . 311.u:.1 of r1nd '~11.-. .:;t t,, '.' .-,11. 0 ,~'=' , ,.., the t ubjcct of th dol,:, , ,1st 3.rd t.11,;, Soci< l Scip,nc" S . .Lt, 1-t&.~ b"ler. -1ur tiriv'.:. le · to,..,th<Jr ri. t•~ , ..,. . l)~v h~ ' • '1' 3) , wno survived b.uschwitz, P'll •-~s , >';i-.,,i~, !:v11s ,,'··o "" e1 11 yoar old {"irl ,....e,.re< 1 fr,..,., from h .r hid·'"ll" ~,J;,c"' in !'1'=' 0 1!•Jt:,~:rl.1.11ds in 19 .:; , to - t-.icioatr. iri J .. c·t.iri of this cours, • We a.re looldnr forward to hearinP' from you · 1. 1C".lr--,}y file JO'j , o.., .., rts � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_AWD_1986-10-02-Yad-Vashem-Letters-Consulate-and-Termaats-tree-399 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Pieter Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986/1987 Title A name given to the resource Letters between Pieter Termaat and Yad Vashem Description An account of the resource Letters about the planting of a tree in the Yad Vashem Avenue of the Righteous in honor of Pieter and Adriana Termaat. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Yad Vashem Subject The topic of the resource Righteous Gentiles in the Holocaust Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e76c6485bdad19f03b730a7347a1844f.pdf 9a3b599af0b6c7605c5a0232ac2e7d6e PDF Text Text ¢ Jewish Community Council April 9, 1986 Mr. and Mrs. Peter Termaat 1730 West Lane Drive Northeast Grand Rapids, Michigan 49505 Dear Mr . and Mrs . Termaat: On behalf of the Jewish Community Council of Metropolitan Detroit, I would like to extend congratulations to you on the occasion of your receiving the Medal of the Righteous from the government of the State of Israel. The courageous work of people such as yourselves in opposition to th e Nazi death machine stands as a shinin~ example among the many dark episodes which made up the Holocaust. Although th e reco gnition comes many years after your brave deeds, it is sincere and well-deserved. Again, we commend you for your selfless courage and decency during a time wh en thes e qualities were, sadly , in short supply. Sincerely , ··dd,u~~ ~ e lda Robinson, Chairperson Holocaust Subcommitt ee ZR:sk Jewish Community Council of Metropolitan Detroit • 163 Madison Avenue • Detroit, Ml 48226 • (313) 962-1880 �Peter and Adriana Termaat 17JO Westlane Drive N. E., Grand Rapids , Michigan 49505 April J, 1986 To Mr . Moshe Bar , Consul Consulate General of Israel 111 East Wacker Drive Chicago, Illinois 60601 Dear Mr. Bar, Mrs.Termaat and I and our children and grandchildren want to thank you for your kind reception on March Jlst. I have enclosed two copies of the article which appeared in the Grand Rapids Press on that day , and if you would so advise , will forward one also to the Yad Vashem Authority. What we missed in the article was our positive reference to the words from Isaiah in the 16th chapter vs~ : 11 Shelter the homeless, do not betray the fugitive 11 It confronted from our pulpits in the Reformed Church, all members with the coming sacrifices and these words took on a life of their own virtually as a command. And so our geneology goes on: from my mother who as a young girl in the late 1890's went at night over their jewish neighbors to lite the oil lamp at Sabbath's commencement, and what we have been able to hand o~ver to our children and grandchildren and friends. Blessed be Israel. Very sincerely yours, �Poter and Adriana Termaat 1730 Westlane Drive N.E.-, Grand nap,-ds, Michigan 4950.5 To His Excellency Zvi Brosh Ambaesadol" of Israel Co11su1ate General of Israel 111 East aoker Drive Ch.ioago, Illinois 6060~ Excoelleney • Mrs. Termaat and I want to thank you for the kind wox-ds you spoke to us before personally handing to us the Righteous Gentile Medal and Certificate of Honor. Please accept also the appreciation f)-om our children and grandchildren to graciously made them feel very welcome. The second verse of the poem "The song of the eighteen dead" which was written by our fellow resistance man Jan Campert, which poem proved for him a premonition, might sum it all up. It reads: 11 0h bright and lovely lahd farewell Farewell free dunes and shore I vow that from the hour you fell I thought of ease no more. What ' can a loyal man and true At such a time essay, But bid his wife and child adieu And fight the useless fray? 11 We never overcame the feeling after might have done more. Blessed be Israel • Very sincerely yours �CONSULATE GENERAL OF ISRAEL ~K~., ~- 111 EAST WACKER DRIVE CHICAGO, ILLINOIS - 1 l'HONE (312} 5415-3300 n,~~~ UKPtl n,~,Dl'P March 17, 1986 Mr. and Mrs. Peter Termaat 1730 West Lane Drive, N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49505 Dear Mr. and Mrs. Termaat, I am writing to confirm that the ceremony in which you will both be honored by the YAO VASHEM Institute will take place on Monday, March 31st, 1986 at 2:30 PM at this Consulate. Please let us know how many relatives will accompany you. We will appreciate if you could be here around 2:15 PM the same day. Yours sincerely, Mot~ Consul SPEED Bar. Consul 'C~sulate Genera14 Israel Mr.Moslie 111 East Wacker Drive Cpi~o ,IJ.1:1iiois 60601 Dear Mr.Bar , . In answer to your letter of Mi.reh l?, 1986 , I am pleased to inform you that our .oldest son Keith and his wife Paulette, and our son Michiel and his wife Gabrielle aid their two chtldren , and our granddaughter Barbara plan to attend the ceremony on March Jlst. we are looking f orwird to meeting you there Your, ,1neere~ ·\_ . �CONSULATE GENERAL OF ISRAEL ~Niw, ~• n,~~~ n,~,ol,~ UNP'W 111 EAST WACKER DRIVE CHICAGO, ILLINOIS eoeo1 PHONE (3121 11115-3300 February 28, 1986 Mr. Peter N. Termoat 1730 Westlanc Drive NE Grand Rapids, MI 49505 Dear Mr. Termaat, I hope this letter finds you in good health and spirit after your Arizona vacation. As agreed, I confirm that we shall be holding a ceremony, at the Consulate, on Monday, March 31st in the e~rly afternoon hours. In that ceremony, Ambassador Zvi Brosh, who is our Consul General, will award you with the Righteous Gentile Medal and a Certificate of Honor upon your noble deeds in rescuing some Jewish people during the Second World War in the Netherlands. The ceremony will be attended by the media, Holocaust survivors and some Jewisn leaders here. I will be in touch with you as we come closer to the date to finalize all the arrangements. Yours sincerely, u/-#llt- Moshe Bar Consul MB/ek � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_AWD_1986-Yad-Vashem-Ceremony-details-391 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Pieter Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986 Title A name given to the resource Letters between Pieter Termaat and Yad Vashem Description An account of the resource Letters about the Yad Vashem Righteous Gentiles Award ceremony. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Yad Vashem Subject The topic of the resource Righteous Gentiles in the Holocaust Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/13f22c9ed88c981d92076bd463ef828a.pdf 16bc55d84c04a30635ab79edcf53d555 PDF Text Text -r r P.Termaat Corfstraat 28 r . ,Alkmaar , . 1 Mei 1942 Aan den Heer Directeur van het Gcwestelijk Arbeidsbureau te AL K :J A AR. .. Hiermede bevestig ik U mijn mondelinge mededeeling, dat ik aan de jongste m~atre 6 elen, wclke zijn getroffen t aanzien van de :plaat.sing van Nederlandsche ::irbeidskrachten in Duitschla.nd, om mijns gewetens wil geen medewerkin5 k~ verleenen. Ik verzoe~ U daarom te bevorderen, dat oij ~et , ingar van 1 Juni 1942 eervol ontslag uit 's Rijks dienst wordt verleend . _;,;~ De Chef Bemiddela.:J.r voor het Translation: . . · ~ 1'0 the Regi onal Di i·e c tor of ·the: F ederal Pl;=i,cemen t - Off.ice· (a -Du tchi_ Waz.i ) ,--~- . •. I hereby Qonfirm my _verba l communioati ph, that I f my conscience sake cannot execute the l atest Di re6~iy e~ abotit the placement of members· bf The Ne ther1arids' labor fo rce i h Ger~~ny . _ . . .. I there fo r re ou es t thn:t y ou will · as.s ist my honora ble discharge trom tede ral employm~ nt . Signed 'The Chiet Neg o,ti?, t o2· · for Traff ic and Communication. No t~ : ? . 'Termaat · ~rhis letter was th e result of · o{j_r ( Pi eter.·and .\ dria nn BFJ.rba:ra Term~ t ) u mrn i mous dec ision · not to .s end ·The Neth erlands ' men to -ch0 Ge r man war factor ie s ove r my signature .·. Ad riana R~ rb a ra ~~s 2b , Pieter l~, Kei~h ·( Co;rne ~is Gc1.rend ') ~ years -of n.[f,e . a nd _Ni_c k · _<- Nie ~laas Pieter J a n) ,.. months old. ' le fully real ize d the . political ·a nd · economic consequ~nce s , but our :prA.yers susti:J.ined us forcef ul ly . t.1y carir: e r was fast movihg upward n na n<5w · c,:1.0 e to A.n end . 'H e· did no t have f inanc i a l r e sou:r;ces but our salary . · I did lo se my voice for . we~ks , but copies of our l etter 3parked t~ Reg~ ona , · Re si stanc e 8.nd st-rengthe ned the imiminds· of ,the patriots ab out -the enemy's · · in ten.,tions . '-' · · ·5., 11.1. May 1940 The vi;:,,,r years � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_COR_1942-05-01-Pieters-conscientious-resignation-360 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Pieter Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942-05-01 Title A name given to the resource Conscientious Resignation letter Description An account of the resource Letter of conscientious resignation from his position as Chief Negotiator for Traffic and Communication in the Dutch federal government by Pieter Termaat. In Dutch, with English translation. Subject The topic of the resource Dutch Conscientious objection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource nl eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5bba2e2e16867b72690e2b9efa86d560.pdf 8e1242d1b5a60ce71b6c3d7a87e50acc PDF Text Text Ber gen NB , 4 a pr i l 1978 Liev e mensen , Sorry dat ik zo lang gewac h t heb met op jullie brief te rea geren , terwij l i k er juist zo b li j mee was. Daa r war en versc ~illende re denen vo or uite raard, maar behalve de strik t noodzakel i j ke dingen die gedaan moesten worden i.v. m. de notaris ( e n mijn ei gen belasti ng a angifte v66r 1 april ) l eek het wel of er met het wegva ll en van de spanning e en soort apathie over me kwam . Maar laat ik nu e ers t zeggen dat i k het met jullie r edener i ng helemaal eens ben - en jullie conclusi e is kennelijk g eba se erd op het rapport van Ton W. dat het onjuis t en ongewenst zou zijn de kinderen te betrekken in deze affaire. Late n we het maar verge ten en blij zi jn , dat we elkaar no g heb ben en onze onderlinge r e latie z uiver is. Eén din g moet i k recht zette n . Gé he ef t geen enke l re cht op een e rfd ee l. Er was geen testamen t en dan is er in de wet gere geld dat alles gelijkelijk v erdeeld wordt en het deel dat toe komt aan een inmi dde ls overleden kind v ervalt aan diens kinderen , ergo de k i nder en trede n dan in de re cht en van d e (in dit geval)vader. Dat re cht kan niet ontnomen worden . De kinderen hebben mij ook gemachtigd. Ik he b ze destijds voor d e keuze gesteld "iemand" aan te stellen met ber e idheid mijnerz ijds die t aak op me te n emen indien zi j dat wensten. Dat is z o gebeurd . Bijna gelijktijdi g met jullie bri ef werd me ono mstotelij k duidelij k dat ik geen bewijs kan leveren dat ~ t grafmonument veranderd is. Fa.Sto e l, die het werk destijd-s uitvoerde '- a -r::en 1.t::v~i:a.e e-i.u . 111::: e ri, geen Öuc umen1,a.-c1e meer uit 194 3. Rem was tot e ni ge tijd in de oorlo g gebrui kel i jk dat de opdrach tgeven een officiele foto van het graf kreeg, maa r z o ' n foto he e ft bij mijn wete n no oit be staan . Dan zou ik heQ zeker gezien heb ben en zou hij ongetwijfeld do or Moeder bewaa r d zijn . De Hee r Ne e f van Stoel wist niet meer precies te zeggen wanne er men de tradit ie i.v. m. oorlo gstoestanden moest opge ven. Al met al heb ik de r ekening)z ~nde r verd er co mmenta a r bjtaa ld . En dat was dan dat. / ,fl,,u,.t' 1~ ~✓{..,f~ ~-......J i,, . /~-&....._ 0 J Nie uws v an hi er heb i k ei gen li jk ni et . Corry e n Henk zit ten i n Span je e n ma ken he t goed . Ze be lle n nl . re gelmat i g met een van de kinde re n , die mij da n we er opbellen. Trouwens op Moeder's verjaardag hebbe n ze me zelf ge be ld. Vond ik er g fi jno Van Greet hoor ik op het ogenb lik niet zo veel, maar dat kan ook aan mij li ggen, want i k ben zo traag me t c orrespondentie mo ment e e l en er ligt e en grote stapel onbeantwoo rd e brieven. Gr eet en Peter gaan binne nk ort ( Me i ?) met vac antie naar Grie ken land; een eilandje in de buurt van Cor foe , meen ik . Mo~e lij k zijn Cor en Dori met de paasdagen er een paa r dagen t usse nuit ge we e st . I k heb al een paar keer v er geef s gepr obee r d Dori te be ll en voor een "zomaar" bab be lt je . Gisteren belde een vriendin uit Den Haag me op om te v e rt ellen , dat Hon i n het ziekenhuis was . Ik wis t èat ze een operati e moest onder gaan , maar het was a l e en keer uit ge ste l d wegens plaa ts gebre k . Zo mo gelijk zal ik een dezer dagen een bezoekje brengeP- , maa r dan moet ik bijna wel b l ijven logeren "erge ns". Zal wel zien . En dat is dan e i genl i jk het ein d van mij n bri efje . Hopeli jk ko m ik dezer dagen weer ±n meer in d e brief - sc hr i j f - geest . Tot spoe d i g , Wi ' l e n julli e mijn pos t- co de no teren : ~ ..:, C<.- t''r Zuidlaan 29 s 1861 GS Bergen NH ~ ,./7-c.J~/l' ~ /rd-L~ / . / �2'• Juli 1977 Lieve allemaal: Ik wil probeeren om mijn gedachten op pailer te zetten, met zekere bijzonderheden met betrekking op mijzelf . Jullie zult wel niet kunnen begrijpen, waarom onze brief niet aangekomen is , wel eenvoudig omdat we hem nooit hebben verzonden. Toen het na enkele weken goed tot mij doorgedrongen was, w ter allemaal gebeurd was in de loop der jaren , en welke houding Jaap had genomen , kon ik haast niet gelooven , dat hij zoo bewust zijn Moeder en zijn zusters had benadeeld . Hij scheen totaal vergeten te hebben , dat hij zijn zusters en zwagers noodig heeft gehad om directeur te worden na Vaders overlijden . De drie origineele ool1lillissarissen hadden Veerman willen hebben , als een zooveel oudere en meer ervaren oandidaat, maar onze family bracht in een meerderheid van stemmen , waardoor zijn benoeming plaats vond . Voordat wij naar America vertrokken , kwam hij naar ons toe en zei , dat .!!.!J n i e t ~ dat de aandeelen het land verlieten en mij als het ware dwong om ze over te geven , vergetende dat ik ook ~q de zaak h~d ewerkt voor kost en inwoniny en een zak~eld van Juni 1932 tot lJan . 1939 . Hij wist dat bij vergoeding had ontvangen of zeer binnenkort zou ontvangen voor de in de oorlog gevorderde auto,s, en door dit te verzwijgen ons zeer bewust benadeelde. lijda werd gedwongen om de aandeelen over te geven, omdat hij de "zaak ging verkoopen" en daardoor de aandeelen noodi had , De verkoop gine toen prompt niet door . Ik weet niet wat hij aan Corry heeft verteld om ze har afhandig te maken . Een ander vraag is hoeveel aandeelen had hij oorspronkelijk in zijn bezit. Als het er meer dan twee waren , waarom? Wij vertrokken naar Ameri$A, zooals jullie weten in Januari 1952, dus ruim 25 jaar geleden. In elk geval heeft Lyda een onderhoud gehad met Jaap in of voor 1973. met betrekking tot al dit , dit is een zoogenäamde rnondelinrestuiting( binnen JO jaar) . En dan nog adviseeren of dwingen(?) aan Moeder om de huisjes te verkoopen in Hillegom en de waarde te gebruiken voor een hypotheek aan een volkomen vreemde in ruil voor een vestigi~s vergunning voor hem zelf in Bergen. Deze transactie w~s niet in Moed rs belang , aangezien Piet en Lijda het initiatief hadden genomen in de Raad van Commissarissen voor een waardevast pensioen , ten voordeele van ~oeder . Hij benadeelde Moeder en daardoor de erven voor een aanzienlijk bed.ra~ . Onroerende goederen, zooals de huisjes in Hillegom zijn zeer in waarde gestegen(20x of meer) Dit ruikt naar misbruik van vertrouwen en ik ben dan ook zeer verontwaardigd . Iedere keer als ik er aan denk word ik kwaad , dat wij zoo beetgenomen zijn. Voeder en nu h&ar erven hebben nooit kunnen profiteeren van de meerwaarde van haar onroerend goed. Ik vraag me zelf dan ook af , moeten wij dit allemaal nemen? Na eenig nadenken zijn wij besloten om in Nederland advies in te winnen van een expert , buiten de fami _, om de zaak uit te zoeken en te tr chten dit als nog op te lossen in zoo goed mogelijke verstandhouding ~et alle partijen, en zoodoende voor de zusters eenig rechtsherstel te krijgen . Wij hebben inmiddels het eerste contact in deze richting gelegd. Familie aangeleg enheden van een meer plezi erige aard moeten wacht en op een volgende brief. Ontvang de hartelijke groeten van ons beiden • V Piet e en e l a li~s A. B. Termaat-Schuurman 1730 Westlanà Drive N, E. GrandRapids , Michigan , ''9565 u.s.A. /nÁ~ · VJ r------- �.. 15 MAART 1978 LI EVE ZUS, HET ONDER00EK INZAKE 1 . DE AANDELENTRANSACTIE 1 S 2 . DE BETALING VAN OORLOGSSCHADE VERGOE DI NG INZ AKE DE GEVORDERDE VRACHTWAGENS 3. DE VERKOOP VAN MOEDER'S HUISJES OP DAT TIJDSTIP OM EEN VESTIGINGSVERGUNNING TE VERKR IJGEN IN BERGEN IS NU VOLTOO ID . WIJ WETEN NU VRIJWEL HET GEHEEL VAN ALLE KWAL IJKE HANDELINGEN , WELKE VAMAF 1 943 HEBBEN PLAATS GEVONDEN EN WE LKE IN FE ITE DE 4 Z USTERs· HEBBEN ONTERFD . BEW IJS VAN ONJUISTE VOORLICH TING IS PRAKTUSCH Ul~G ESL OT EN , OMDAT JAAP OVERLEDEN IS EN GEES HAfR MOND ZA L HOUD EN • WALLAST SCHREEF DAT JAAP .IN HET ERGSTE GE VAL-MIS SC HIEN WEL LAAKBAAR- SLIM EN HANDIG IS GEWEEST EN DE VIER ZUSTERS TE GOED VAN VERTROUWEN . DAARBIJ KOMT DAT JAAP ELKE ZUSTER APART OP EEN ZWAK OGENBLIK TE PAKKEN HEEFT GEKREGEN . HI ERDOOR EN DOOR HET TIJDSVERLOOP IS RE CHTER LIJ KE VERVOLG ING ONZEKER EN ZOU HEEL ZEKER KOSTBAAR ZIJN . OP MORELE GRONDEN GEES TE BENADEREN KUNNEN WI J WE L NALATEN . WI J HEB BEN DE INDRUK DAT ZI J AL LES WEET • OM NIC O EN DE ANDERE KINDEREN TE BENADEREN OVER DE ZAKEN WE LKE DOOR WIJLEN HUN VADER Z IJN BEGA~N, LIJ KT ONS NIET DE \✓ EG . WIJ HEBBEN OVE RWOGEN DAT JAAP DE DOOR ONS IN 1943 GEFORCEERDE PENSIOENRECCLI NG TEN GUNSTE VAN MOEDER HEEFT NAGEKOMEN , HOEWEL HIJ ZEL HAD TEGENGESTEMD . OOK NICO HEEFT NA ZIJN VADER'S DOO D, DI E ESOLUT IE UITGEVOERD EN HEEFT ZICH OOK TEGENOVER JOU CORRECT GEDRAGEN . ALS GEES' HAAR AANDEEL IN MOEDER'S NALATENSCHAP OPE ISC HT , KAN ALLEEN ALS TEGENEISCH WORDEN GESTELD DAT ZIJ HET VERSCH IL INBRENGT VAN DE ~✓AARDE VAM DE HUISJH\ :~~--_ JUN I 1977 EN HET BEDRAG WAARVOO ZIJ MEER DAN 20 JAREN • ZIJN VERK OCHT . WIJ MACHTIGEN JE DERHALVE OM DE NALATENS CHAP AF TE WIKKELEN , EN ZOU DE NOTA ~IS AAN DIT LAATSTE PUNT IETS KUNNEN DOEN , WE L DAT IS DAN MEEGENOMEN . IS HET NIET MOGELIJK, SOEDAH • GELUKKIG KUNNEN WIJ ALLEN HET HEE L BEST MET ELKAAR vmNDEN, EN WE ZULLEN ALLES DOEN, OM DAT ZOO STERK MOGEL IJK AAN TE HALEN. WE NEMEN AAN DAT CORRIE EN HENK IN SPANJE ? ITTEN , DUS ALS JE TE 11JNERTIJD HEN EN GREET EEN AFSCHRIFT WILT STUREN VAN DEZE GRIEF, ZOUDEN WE DAT OP PRIJS STELLEN . OVER O~ZE VACANTIEPLANNEN SCHRIJVEN WE ZOO SPOEDIG ~OGELIJK , er /c( ( ( ( ---· ! _ /~-t--r L ( L C;._·,,, ✓' tyh �15 MAtJH 1978 LI EVE ZUS, HET ONDER0 0[K INZ AK E : 1. DE AAND ELENT RAN SACT I E 1 S 2. DE BET ALI NG OOR LOGSS CHA DEV ERG OEDI NG INZ AK E DE GEV OR DERDE VRACHTWAGENS 3. DE VERKOOP VA~ NOEDER'S HU I SJ ES OP DAT TIJD STI P 0I~ EU~ VES1I G I r~ GSVERGUI·m I r~G TE VERKR I JGEN I N BERGEN v~w 1S ~JU VOL TO O I D • WIJ v-/E -,rn NU Vr<IJ 1•.'EL HEï GEHEE L VAN ALLE K~vAL IJ KE HANDE L INGEN J \·!E LK ! VMAF 1 943 f I EB 6 EN PLAATS 13 EVONDE N EN v/ EL K E I N F E I TE DE 4 Z USTER S · HEBBEN OIHERFD • BE WIJ S VAN ONJ UI STE VO OR LICHTI NG IS PRA KT US CH Ul~G ESL OTE N , OMDAT J AAP OVERLEDEN IS EN GEES HA~ R MON D ZAL HOUD EN • WA LL AST SCHREEF DAT J AAP .lr·J HET ER GSTE GEVAL- MI SSCHI EN 'r/E L LA AKBA 1\R - SLI M Ell HAN DI G I S GE v✓ EES T EN DE VI ER ZUST ERS T E GOED VAN VERTf-OU i•/EN • OAAR B I J KOMT DAT J AAP ELK E ZU STER APAR T OP EEN ZWAK OG ENB L I K TE PAKK EN HEEFT GEKREGEN • HI ERDOOR EN DO OR HET T I JDSVERLOOP I S REC HTER LIJ KE VERVOLG I NG ONZEKER EN Z OU HEEL Z EKER KOSTBAA" Z IJ N • OP MO RELE GRO NDEN GEES T E BENADEREN KUNNEN WIJ WE L NAL ATE N . WI J HE2 RE N DE I NDRUK DAT ZI J ALL ES WEE T • OM N IC O EN DE ANDERE K I NDEREN T E BENADEREN OVE R DE ZAKEN v✓ E L KE DOOR ~-/ 1 JL rn HUN VADER ZI JN BEGAr'N , LIJ KT ONS N I ET DE V! [G • WI J HE eBEN OVE ~WOG~N OAT JAAP DE DOOR ONS I N 1943 GEFO RCEERD [ PENS I OEN REC[ l ! !'!C TEf GU l·J STE VAN MOEDER HEEF T NAGEKOMEN , HOn✓ EL HIJ Z EL~ H/.\D T[ G[r,GE S1 rno . OOK NICO HEEFT NA Z I JN VADER ' S DOOD , DI E RESO L UT IE U ITG EVOERD EN HEEF T ZIC H OOK TEGEN OV ER JO U CO RRECT GEDRAGEN • AL S GE ES I HMfZ Af-.f 10E[L . 1N fv,OEDER 'S NALATENSCHAP OPE I SCHT , Kt\N Al. L EE:N ALS TEG CN EI SCH v✓ ORDCN G[S TEL DAT ZIJ HET VERSCH IL I N8R[ f~G T Vl.x N DE \a.1,'.,l'. RDE V/',M DE HU I SJJ;~ _}_~_ ,. J UN I 1977 EN HET BEDr~AG ~✓.M~! VO Ot, ZIJ M[ER O,l\l'J 20 J ARFJ -~•.. Z IJ N VERK OCHT • WI J MACHTIGEIJ J[ DERHALVE OM DE NA LATE NSCHAP AF T E WI KKE L EN , EN zou DE tJOT M. IS AAN DIT L A/\TSTE PU rl T I ETS KUNl~EN DO::::r~, v✓ E L D/l.T I S DAN f,',EEGCIW11 EN . I S HET !~ I ET MOGEL I JK, SOEDAH . GELU KK I G ;w 1-mrn l;f IJ /-\ LLEI~ HET HEE L BES T MET EL KM-.R v cri WEN , \I✓ E L L [\J /1. LL E DO 1 0 M Dt\ ï OO T I< MOGEL I J K A,!:I,N T E H/\ L E: \•/E NLVi::1-1 ,ó, AJ--! DAT COP :i I f: El·-J HEf~I, 1N SPtiN J E 7. 1TTEN , DUS ALS J E TE 1IJNERT IJD HEN EN G~EET EEN AFSCHRlr T WI LT STUREN VA N DE? [ r:rn I EF , ZOU [JGJ \t/[ Dt T OP PR I JS STE L LEN • 0\' Ef; o:J zE VAC/,!H I E? U ,1,1i~E N SC llr-< 1J VEN \\'E zoo Sf.)Of.D I G t~OGE L I J f( , 1 • rn zu s rn z s rn 1 ., ,.,,, / L( ( t / (,_ - t- , / . l ,( ' (. I / '- - • � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_COR_1978-04-04-Pieter-and-Lijda-about-Oma-Schuurmans-estate-429 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Pieter Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1977/1978 Title A name given to the resource Letters about Oma Schuurman's estate Description An account of the resource Letters between Pieter Termaat and Lijda Schuurman about Lijsje Schuurman-Hennipman's estate. In Dutch. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Schuurman, Lijda Schuurman Subject The topic of the resource Dutch Administration of estates Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource nl Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6793c5c2f901c771073779bfa30163fe.pdf 16a2538f6fe014442be78bc49f8029e7 PDF Text Text PETER N. TERMAAT i\ug 18, 87 Dear Bill Thanks a lot for sending us the notes a couple of students made after our visit last year. One can only try to make up for the lack of direct involvement of the present generation in the horrible circumstances then. Thinking back from the time we were young , how real were then facts to us which occurred in the latter part of the 19th centmry? We are looking forward to be with you and the students again • Please find enclosed a resume which I prepared on your advice o We hope to follow the lead you gave me. Cordially , �Dr. William Baum 237 Mack �1730 WESTLAND DRIVE N.E . GRAND RAPIDS, MI 49505 / / / �PETER N. TERMMT 1730 WEST LANE DRIVE N.E. GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN 4950$ October 25 , 1987 Dr. v1illiam Baum Grand Valley State University. Dear Bill: Please find enclosed the following documents: 1. A resume from Jean ( l\driana Barbara ) Termaat 2. ft resume from Peter ( Pieter Nicolaas) Termaat , we thought it good to note that the schoolyear in "our" time consisted of 225 schooldays, beginning with the first form ( ?th grade) • University education started after the sixth form. Though the two of us did not need i t , we do want to note that lateral changes to schoolforms with a less demanding schedule were provided for. J. I\ copy of the diploma of PNT as fully qualified -:teacher • 4. A copy of the diploma of PNT as qualified in the social sciences. 5. I\ copy of the psychological testing of PNT by Dr.Ramon G.Douse, taken in 1952 , siE months after arriving in the U.S. The findings were consistent with those of the Free University of 1\msterdam in 194l~the latter's opinion resulting in a substantial promotion, wile the former reshl.ted in my bei~ hired as an auditor by Touche Ross Co., 6. ~ list of the study books and reference materials of /I lmere College • For the German language it did include mastery of the 11 1\.ltschrtft" the Latin script. ?. The content listing of the study materiil in world and national history of l\.lmere College (forms 7, 8 and 9) • 8Q The Almere College content of the study material on Geography for the first and second form. 9. I\ copy of the diploma of ABT qualifying her for business adminmstaation. 10. 8xamples of the 6th form final exams: aw 1\.1, ~ 3 and A 5 Business administration. b. AB 2, I\ LB 6 Netherlandic language. c. A 7 and AB 8 German language. d. 1\.9 and AB 10 French language. e. l\.ll and RB 12 English lan~uage. fQ B 1 Physi:Jocs g . 4 mathematical exams. We will gladly assist in further explanation of the Dutch language material. Cordially, Ct)~11SI~ �PETER N. TERMAAT 1730 WEST LANE DRIVE, N.E. GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN 49505 Resume ~driana Barbara Termaat Date of birth Married First son born Start of German occupation Three more sons born 2-21-1916 Diemen Netherlands Li_1s_1939 4_27_19Lio 5_1l/_19Lio ended 5-8-19u5 19L2 , 19LJ6 and 1 9u9 Experience Performed business administration in father's trucking business for 7 years • Raised 4 sons • Worked parttime after 1960, about 20 hours per weAk. 1967 to 1979 worked full time as travel consultant. Education: High school diploma full course. Math, science and 4 languages. Business school diploma: business administration and correspondence and 3 languages. Correspondents coJ;e Leidsch Insti.tuut for handelswetenschappen. A.vocations: studing the life of II special" women. Studying mores, customs and religious values of many countries. Stfiled forms of government and the inter-action of their systems and the inter dependency of all countries. �PETER N. TERMAAT 1730 WEST LANE DRIVE N.E. GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN 49505 Resume Pieter Nicolaas Termaat Date of birth Married 4 sons , born Excellent health. 3-7-1911.J Kampen Netherlands 4_18_1939 19ho, 1942 , 19h6 and 191.J9. Personal USA USTI USA Neth 1958 1952 1952 191.J2 - 1979 Credit Manager and internal auditor wholesale house. - 1958 A.uditor Touche Ross Co., first 6 months Accounts payable Meijer, Inc., - 1952 operated own paactice as public accountant and Neth Neth 1941 - 1942 mediator National Department of Social ~ffairs. 1934 - 1941 mediator and accountant City of f.lkmaar tax consultant. My experience in the Netherlands and in the USA. brought me broad experience in labor relations and laws. During my 45 working years I kept current with my profession and cultural level. Education 1926 1931 1933 1934 1938 - 1930 1933 1934 1937 1941 1941 - 1942 Almere College Kampen Netherlands Pedagogic Academy fllkmaar Netherlands: BA studied 1 year towards ~A Leidsch Instituut voor Onderwijsinstellingen: Economics and finance. Leidsch Instituut: Social sciences degree 1941. Private lessons in Latin. Military 1934 - 1936 191.Jo - 19Li5 National Guard vM II lieutenant Interior Forces in occupied The Netherlands. May 1942: refused in writing to select and send men to work in German war factories • •fay 9, 1941.J home raided by the Gestapo , but escaped arrest. �Novl'!"llber 9, 1987 Fr,fHssor .'illi.=i.m B8Ut: Grand Valley -t. t'? 1• r,h ,~,-.,;i.t 1 DeBr Bill: In t:oi. ,~ ovPr my "r~ , : noti ced that I overlooked to l"'l!J.h~ ava51a.blo to the students the pv )Vi LOY\S of thP. ':e!"eV" Com? _ntioris t ·which : 11r,v n"· cne;l()5'?'~ • i:l1 a!',:, h.ir,½ly ., ~ p~eci':!.ti re for :rc,1:r- ef'Pnrts on o:.u· btthalf • 1 " �GRAND VALLEY STATE COLLEGE Allendale, Michigan 49401 • 616/895-6611 November 11, 1987 Mr. & Mrs. Peter Termaat 1730 West Lane Dr. N.E. Grand Rapids, MI 49505 Dear Jean and Peter: Once again we all agree that you did a splendid job here recently. Your presentations were interesting and well suited to our needs. It sure was a treat for us to be able to dine together with your sons, your daughter-in-law, Mandy and Lorraine. Now I must focus on my project to have you receive honorary degrees in the spring. I shall be in touch soon as I inevitably am to call on you for something or another. In the meantime, we hope that the coming holiday season is enjoyable for both of you and your family. Cordially, William C. Baum �Jee 10, 7 9t'·7 r 1,ofessor ;,.:U lia 1 ~. ~aU'Tl 262 . to.ckin:rn .,'111 , I 9L 01 : 11Pi1<.1 -"l ....... ~ I' Jill ; ·1ec1s9 ;::ind ,1nolos•d d11·::.'l Rbout LhA new book ••Lvi11- u::: tr. A Jett~ ,ml diar::..a3 o,.~ i2ns 1.:id .:;on(1i.e Scnoll , tr10uc-h vou tM.V "l1re~ 4y '1 ..... 'T/,""" gr.,cn"'I i -- ,. ·0r,i c:Arrlc9.:; of 'liV brother .i.n f1,,.st,,1r !~t , 1 ~opy oj ·,\"•11)'- s:-,r}:1" :us fl 1 s b• P,!1 w nde•i to t\o ' i..-ie r.::.:11-· 0 r 1 '-t :_r I i ~ t.•1;1t -~:l.t,v • ·10..ilci "{OU have t1 f'-,.- ·:io:n~ COf"l·'S Le- St- 1r: , _ P,:,ulc bo 11 !1t.rr~,..,j_ 1 T, i v ..1 i. t t..ro-a -'!n,1J 1 'l F3t ,,o t1.1 v..... t.:! 1t • i\,~r,•1,,.·1 +.:1-:0 !'s~J ,,-:ain jn ,,einr1c.1 .f~:i_,,,...•:; '"'''1:, 'ln! 11a1 1 a~t t,;H~ Q-i--.1.r1al. v•:H'":'iar. ::ir, :)t,"- ~ -:·" ,:,n,j -;.r: exc.-111•in~. t;-;i,nl:-.tion in to 0~· lB~•uij?~ o~ t~l ooposite pR~a t:, ~t •••y.;:.; ri,.. r:1:Jt 1i.. ~ br-·inrr a jAw was suc 11 :i.n 'L'."'1. .nt •1-i•'li:.•"'r t,1at ot,18! ~UI'O!,l'-'lr. r.y-rlint : •• .;i rol"3on • •:o · •or,..4 '!' w,.,1:3tr1er , ~:1 cu td W"' on~ i .. ~l·P. b1=3 in7 i :•'l~ . i. t •,•,:,•,1~ b?. of V4llll; to ',-i,.'€ a .t-ass1.n:,. 1:'t;.ill' · '.1C ~ to !l t ;_ <3,a.:_ ': :)r. ':l :if ;-. ~ S 1-• !"oms : 11 dH~ 1.:ren.:iatcrs i, • 1:lis 101:1s shm,1 i:.\· ,·· •pn~--:.;~011 sr, 0 1] i 1 h.i('11 totp).::.tArian rb.ctat.or~ ~re ~bl~ cc ~-.st Ymr a"-nf,lP. • q_.,,,~AntlJ J ..1avo cl ss . . YOU r rtv~ us~ t;_!fiG"''\~.. t.t.. t ru of o .iY' s,·•,AC!l ( vou 1ust bap'i"!r. to C<tll now a11·1 ~ t: s nbl ,, .i:l!i to eo!ill@l'ic 11t~ xr::,~r r~qm~~t for an dd.:.tior1;1.l 3 copi~5 ) • ny tl.1.e• wl-i·v t~~·; ;i,bovr- m~ntJont,,d boo,< ruol.!t 1•:<n,, wa.s r,.rirt.P.d by thH u•1iv·,rf;Lty ...,f , it t.sourc }- l ress • ,.. C\J.l• 1~~t, d .. y- nt "-1("'Ui~ ��Speed Letter. T0 Professor William C.Baum Grand Valley State Univesity 262 Mackinaw Hall Allendale• Mich. 49401 _ _....;;..;;.___...;...;._.;...__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ From - - - - - - - - - = -P"""e""" t= • ar.......;N a...."""T'""'er =--m'-"-a a"""t_ _ _ __ 1?30 Westlane Drive N.E •• GrL'!'ld Rapids , Mich!gan Subject _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ tJ, <-', h JC )lf" MESSAGE Dear Bil 1 On the 11th of March I introduced a Newsweek article about Paul de Man ---iii .-o_t,....a_ug __,..h....t - f'or - ...1....j.--y_e _a_r s_ a....t--=t.a..,..le • and who proved to haYe a sordid Nasi past • The surround sin 1ihioh he worked and blished in Be ium dur WW Il were vi demonstrated 1n an article about Leon Degrelle the Belgian Nasi "lead who is still being coddled ~~ even though _!Jle fasci~t Franco who did d ~ our Allied goals so much during the war , 1s long gone • We know ourselves, 4J years after the war how wide and far Nazisme's ipfluence reaches. _ Please give our regards to 1".rs. Baum • We are coming along quite well ("~ordially. 2 enclosures , --- Date 5/25/88 _ Signed -- _ - - - , liJ.h. . REPLY ---------------- - --- - - - - -- - - - - -----'Jate -- - ---- - - -------- S qned WilsonJones Gr /l.Y _ 1NE ~ 1Prvt ;;i,.;. )0. 9/ • fi-; f-..T I\ r SE"NDER-DtTACH AND RETAIN YELLOW COPY SEND WHITE. AND PINK COPIES Wl,H CARBON INTACT � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_COR_1987-1988-PNT-Baum-letters Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Pieter Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1987/1988 Title A name given to the resource Letters about GVSU lectures Description An account of the resource Letters between Pieter Termaat and Professor William Baum of Grand Valley State University about guest lecturing on the Holocaust. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Baum, William Subject The topic of the resource Dutch Americans History teachers Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/79220ba450afaf720700f0759e191bf6.pdf f4ebb8472d58e57fe4dbae7a9cd28660 PDF Text Text STATEMENT A & B EMPLOYMENT Sr:RVICE ScieHûjic c~'l"""t ,(J<JMIC'I 334 Keeler Building GRAND RAPlDS 2, MICHIGAN To D ate fr . Pieter Termaat 1235 Mayfield NE Crand Rapids, icho 0ct . 21, 1952 Touche N $ 150.00 To fee for services Total fee may be discounted to o o o o if paid in full by November 21, 1952 0 • • 0$ 120000 .Alkmaar, Januari 1952. Westerweg 45. .Aan on:.:e familieleden, vrienden en bekenden, nu wij op 30 Januari tnet de "Black 7ern" naar de Verenigde Staten vertrekken, willen wij U langs de:.:e weg hartelijk groeten en danken voor Uw vriendschap en medeleven. ..Aangenamer was het ons geweest om een persoonlijk afscheidsbe:.:oefa te brengen, n1aar U :zult begrijpen dat de tijd ons daarvoor ontbreekt. &Jaarne :;,uilen wij U bij ons thuis ontvangen in de middag of avond van 2aterdag 18 de;;;;er, om U de hand te kunnen drukken. Het ga U in ieder op:.:id1t goed. 'P. 7en-naat . .A. 13. 7ermaat-Schuurman. 7oekomstig adres: Kees, nico, @hiel en 'Peter. 2425 micl1iga11 'Rd. n. ë,. ~rand 'Rapids 6 mich. �z.o.z. VERHUISKAART der gemeente Nr. ALKMAAR ,esterweg 45 Adres in de gemeente van vertrek: T.r.. Geslachtsnaam Eerste voornaam en eerste letter van ell< der volgende voornamen Dag , maand en jaar van geboorte Beroep Gezinsleden die mede vertrekken c· Al, D Adres in die gemeente (met ver• melding perceelsged e elte) VSA '5 (overeenkomstig art. 85 , tweede lid) Persoonskaart(en) kinderen A IDS rncHJGAl; ~ af te voeren Dagtekening 4 echtgenote en Gemeente waarheen vertrokken Van het bevolkingsregister -- .. ~1 1 ie ter-7 ..rlaart 1914 accountant man. pers. l 1 vrouw . pers. 25 Januari 1952 . -,den verzonden Persoonskaart(en) ontvangen; opgenomen in bevolkingsregister B WA EJ ' z.o.z. No . 459 DE ÎWENTSCHE BANK N.V. A.MSTnDAM KANTOOR ALKMAAR Ontvangen van De Heer . Terma.at Langestraat 25 Alkmaar de som van PARAAF Zegge f 31 Jan o Taluta •oor rekening van : Twentsche Bpnk N. V.AmSterdam t . g . Fa . Langeveld- Schröder , A' dam assurantiepremie. transportverz . e IC Gl.901 Sff.000-'50 ALKMAAR , 29 .J an . 1952 KASSIER 1070 N.V. �HVV1,o,1)11V ueA Jnn1saqa1ueewe~ NVV !SN310 Binnen vijf dagen na dagtekening PERSOONLIJK inleveren ter secretarie der g emeente van vestiging. (B j ver !rek buitens la nd s be waren en bij terugkeer in "l e d erland inleve re n ter secr eta rie der gemeente van verblijf of vestiqing binnen vijl dagen na terugkomst, met overlegging van paspoort.) ,I �- ----Nota van kosten van den Notaris Mr. C J de lange Ie Alkmaar, Postgirorekening no. 296301 . voor 19 .. 52.• .d.en..Jie.er. ...P.•... T.er.ma.at.,. ...................................................... . .t.e. .. Alkmaar. .. .......................................... .................................... . 29 Januari .. Ko.at.en... d.e.r...akt.e. ...van ...over.dr.a.ch.t .. .v:an ...e.en .. he.drij.f... .... .............. ........ . ...van ..acc.o.untant. .. en...be.las.t.ingconsulent ...me.t ...alle........................ ........ . .. daar.o.p ...b.e.tr.ekking .. heb.bende ...bo.eken"das.si.er.s ... en ............................. . .Y.ao.r.t.s ...een ...v..o.11.edigen .. kant.o.orinventaris.,. .. J .. l6.0 .. ,.,.,~ ..................... . .. w.aarv.an... d.Qor. ...U...te... v.Qld o.e.n... d.e... he.lf.t ...Qf. ....... 80. • ..::~.... /4~. . .:. . .. ------······----- -- --------- -----··· ··························-·--- --· -- ----------···•·······------- : ONTVANGEN VAN .... d.e ' : -== ----- ...Uel d .•.H.e..e.r ...P.... T.e.rrJB.at.. ... l.kmaar.• DE SOMMA VAN wAARVOOR x_.9..~ .J3l..a.G.~....Di.am.o. n.a .... Li.n.e..s. .... .. te • ot.t erd.am ...bJ .o n.s. .... kant..o.o.r .. t .e.... o.t.t.erdam ... ........................ .. .. inzake vra ch tkosten • .. t . a •.v . -.. de ....Heer, ..... .K.op..er... kmaar . , 30 .. Januari 19 52 . WIJ .......Cl,~- .... REKENING CREDITEREN ".Y.a t:l- ROTTERDAMSCHE BANK ZEG G E / 10-110 317015 * N.V. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_DOC_1952-Emigration-documents-366 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Pieter Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952 Title A name given to the resource Termaat Emigration documents Description An account of the resource Several documents related to Termaat family's emigration from the Netherlands to Grand Rapids, Michigan. In English and Dutch. Subject The topic of the resource Dutch Netherlands Emigration and immigration Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng nl Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a5b35245f807e21724f33dc90bb0f6d5.pdf 62cb17f4d736805c5fcfc22799ea4f86 PDF Text Text P. TERMAAT Accountant en Belastingconsulent WESTERWEG 45 ALKMAAR - Tel. 3072 - K 2200 Bankrelatie : Robaver Alkmaar Postgiro 31 56. 79 lien t T uestmonna ire i t 7 ) 11 65 ~ OU il 0 iu tion I e no i t igh pr b b i 0 t s) .1 Yor e y o e n in mi ' Yor .i 0 non-i 1:,03 i nn - r 957 •t i . b e 0 . 21 , 1948 060362 I - 0 ic ' ble I ot 1 u d b c use o t e out to . 0 it ow ion 0 ri ht • �1948 1951 1946 1951 .A o tion nc br. 12 , 1952 ; have in e_gium , Ger d ·d t" rland ot left the c nd y ter the ~ tx ~te nee be£ore the r . oner ( r. , t:. 0 t • 1 2 19 1 n e no end Lend ncl Lenderink . o Jo V nD 1 .:e 2~ . 20 .:g ri \ nd ids i oh. 2 ) 45 7 incl ir e. G:r nd .p_ ] io ·1 907 ls S. · • r nd Ra ids ioh 21 • �P. TERMAAT Accountant en Belastingconsulent WESTERWEG 45 - ALKMAAR Tel. 3072 - K 2200 Bankrelatie : Robaver Alkmaar Postgiro 3156. 79 12..? Gr nd - 2.0 r .n. 1. c· ·1.:1 ... ns to i e chi dr n of :19) s r. rt n ieth. • d . docter. D • • den Oud - n 1.'1a.i:>-::H~,u1. r . C. de n e Al.ana r Rotterd unsoh nk • s 3roek op r •• chel n resident of . ngendijk llan~ar br noh of the e th. or � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_DOC_1953-P-Termaat-Alien-questionaire Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Pieter Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1953 Title A name given to the resource Pieter Termaat Alien questionnaire Description An account of the resource Answers by Pieter Termaat to Alien Questionnaire, including past work history, political and social associations, and family history. Subject The topic of the resource Dutch Netherlands Emigration and immigration Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3caf9c7202e5b0a64e3dbe8933371192.pdf 34d956a764d64a294450633d98153bac PDF Text Text R · D ~ ., F ed, th:reo ch .ld.ran 17 9 11 and 8 ye ,.s al f ot'lll3d Church J Ci izen ince Septemoo1-, 1957 W:l Hember Cen M , ag November 1957 untill now Accountant with L.G.Cook Distributor, Inc. Empl ntt 0 19 l l I th o h NOif m 9~7 c Niven., &i.il y & Smart 5 Cart· f ad Pub 1.c Accoun Rapids, Mich g lieb Uey r I y, :1952 - October, 1952, 8 month Supenna-rklrts anuary 1952, oan P\Jbl ic A.cc ; 5 .fu.11-t st.a f m 19h2, Neth oo n , in aceoun nting P l nrls I Ci 11 S Th ce-- =Ill!!JU'i.~eroor1t 0 • Edu.cat on: High echo 1 Te chs 8 De e 19 on 19.38; Gav rn Corpora Stru. :u a nd Tax S<X:ie y, Chicago• C.PoA. C.,P 0 A.- Examination ... El gibl EJ..-perien f cco\rnta.nt wit T.'!. B & s., I hav; h d con iderable ith i.t1dustr· companie , l rg nd ., U in the fi of u CJ'llobil • , app iances, elect onic and other a c:rai't ccrnponent , .ls.stic and plywood structures Also experience jth a large drug .manufactuxer., a foundry-, local stores of a nationa mall ordet and re ... il department store chain, and a brokerage firmo I pa ticipated in xpel" enc audits leading to certification of financial. st.a ments nd in various projects in the field of man g nt s rvices including cos work on ge production contrao • nd ge I'ally co isted of Refe nces: Duties d lng these S ye rs varied n or and semi...senior re ponsibi. 1.tie o A'/ailable on re over �salary data : with Touche, Niven, Bailey November 1952 April 1953 October 1953 October 1954 October 19 55 October 1956 October 1957 & Smart with L. G.Cook Distributor, I nc. December 1957 J anuary 1958 J anuary 1959 $300 per month $350" " II $400" 11 $ 450 II + bonus 11 II $500 + bonus It $ 550 II + bonus II $600 II + bonus $450 $600 $ 750 $750 $ 90 per week $100 per week+ bonus $100 $130 per week+ bonus $350 Note In December 19 56 I wa s injured while on an audit engagement and after that wa s not able to - carry on extensive traveling requirements. Opera ted on in May 1958 by Dr. Andre considera ble improvement was experienced so that I am a ble to work a 40 hour we ek without diff iculty. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_DOC_1958-Pieters-resume-359 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Pieter Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958 Title A name given to the resource Pieter Termaat resume Description An account of the resource Mimeograph and typescript resume of Pieter N. Termaat, 1958. Subject The topic of the resource Dutch Americans Résumés (Employment) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9b14d7d1b6787db8f255616959c995eb.pdf 48cac07746bed65ee835ddc65e978df7 PDF Text Text ?ieter Nicolu.s Termaat :ind Adrian~ 3,irbar~ Termut Background information PNT ·verzatsherdenkin1cs kruis .Rasistanci, Cross H.M. Beatrix I\BT X Service medal Netherl~nds Interior ?orces X X Netionaal Joni;eren Verbond (:,J.J.V.) 1932.19co x Honorary Chair Wom~n: E.K.H. Crown Princess Juliana Erasmus Medal 1985 x C-47, Inc. 82nd f\.irborne Division X Yad Vashem Citation M;irtyrs ~nd Heroes Remembrance Authority Jerusalem Israel X Doctor (h.c.) of Humane Letters Grand Calley State University Citation U.S.A. President Ronald Reaean X X X X Senate and House of Representative State of Michigan Concurrent Resolutions #107 and il08 For Service to the ti llied Cause 19t.1_19L1 5 x Citation Congre~~tion Ahav~s Israel X Interfaith Avenue of the Ri~ht9ous Citation and tree Winetka Illinois Honorable Citation and Commemorative window with the Star of David by the Solomon Schechter Day Schools Evanston Illinois X X Citation /Inti Defamation Leae:ue B'nai B•rith Life member Graater Consistory of Central Reformed Church Grand Rapids, Michie!ln X X X X Past member Board of Directors of the West Michig~n Chapter of the N. A. C.M. x X � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_DOC_ABT-PNT-List-of-honors Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Pieter Title A name given to the resource Pieter and Adriana Termaat list of honors Description An account of the resource Typescript list of honors and awards bestowed on Pieter and Adriana Termaat Subject The topic of the resource Dutch Americans Netherlands -- Awards Righteous Gentiles in the Holocaust Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8df2d464eee2ffd6a8d42155e685aea9.pdf fd4700807cf0379b6a29feb159b0515d PDF Text Text GSEENHEDEN EN UTRECHT : 400.000 ebled dat zljn tl'lertol//fe w•rer zee of op het ljuelmffr loost. deze bart door •erschlllende ,ebled rot twee ,fwater/nfseen• rcerlnf weerrere•en (Waterland j //1)-1//) ~ Y-#--D ~ arerln1seenltede" zijn. ~oor zover ers lnfetokend. (bi/•- RIJNLAND, ,,.. nheden zijn dj(ers (f t/m 21) ,erkl••rd. (•;• op,2. kur< 1'4A_ benoemd) _ ,,._ lf. llffrombo<ht U, SUtt(lttrlc t6. Vierambtdtienbotnm 17.,-tul 11.0vda-boutffl 19. Kmluc llomm lll. O..,.JJud..... lf. 0.-. "' Nlffw-lf.eyerwur4 ll. Nicvw-lM<MrlMd • IJSSEL- rt /tet Jur un waarin de dn>Of• b.,. de wareM>OrZ/enlnf ,.d. fl'Ole oderlljk af,,,ator/nfseenheid ,ornit. renomen zljn sl«/ou de remalen nrseenhedelt ... betelen/, zljn. een poarso pijl nof eon gemaal ndlfheden •rlJ• of kunstmatJ,e rlnJen. lnplulr. 1fuoD#Nh-:-v-: ~;7 --'~9~T+~;__*~~~~'?Ini~~)~~~ flfll "1 E E ---------, 1 1 1 1 1 \ WOIUWlb'!'Y \ 0 \ \ ' �.\JGSEENHEDEN EN UTRECHT : 400.000 gebied dat zijn OW'ertolllre water fe zee of op het IJsselmeer loost. p deze ka.art door "e,schlllende , gebied tot twee afwaterlnfteen• arcering weergege"en (Waterland ,ateringseenheden zijn, voor zover tors ingetekend. (bijv. RIJNU.NO. ,,,eenheden zijn cijfers (1 t/m 12) verklaard. (niet op kaart l-4A benoemd) f 2. 8,e,t,rm,oud,r fJ. Neue f4. krramöacht 15. Strff(brlt t•. Viuambachtenbouem 11. PoorWtul ft. Oude l(OJHoodbouem 19. Krttki,r bitm ']f), Oosc•l]nelmonóe 21. Oud· en Nifllw•R.r,itf"WUrd IJSSEL 21. Nievw•L.tlcb:rl.nd ~ het Jaar aan wairfn de droog• b.Y. de watervoorzlenlnf 'f.d. grote nderliJk afwaceringseenlteid rormr. >fenomen zijn slechts de femalen fngseenheden van betekenis zijn. pune pijl nog een gemaal ,sr.andlgheden vrije of kunstmatJ.re st een :rlnten. "1f EER ·rfnru/uis. 1 /. t,I tG~ ' {),,·~ \ \.I 1 1 / / 1 E M �A graat amou.nt of work has been performed by Y,rs,G.Beets-Zwa-4n ( whose mother was a Termaat) and Cornelis Barend Termaat (1918) . Preface. The research took place mostly in the city of lllkmaar' · tirchives , where the records of the city of fi.lkmaar and ether West-Frisian cities are kept re baptism, marriage, burial and also the population registers • Mrs.Beets states that she has reached a nearly complete line of ancestors fromts~ mother's fa.l'Jlily Termaat. Her part begins when Barent Jansz. coming from Schagen settles in the polder (diked-in lake) the "Schermer". The part which deals with the prior Termaats in Vollenhove and Blokzijl has been given to Yirs.Beets by Cormelis Barend Termaat (1918) whose information has been incorporated in Mrs.Beets booklet. Even though it proved to be nearly impossible to be complete, every effort has been made to reach that goal. Despite that, she is aware that errors may exist innames and/or dates. Work record.s have in many instances been copied frlbm the marriage certificate. Often changes took place which have not yet been recorded. Mrs. Beets entertains corrections and/or additional information. She has expressed her thanks for assistance in gathering family dataand for making pictures available. A special thanks has been expressed by her to Mr.Bert C.Mantel for his help in typing the manuscript and for his kind advice. Mrs Beets wishes the readers of the Termaat geneology well. December 1990. THEME. Time passes we say, but we are in error Time stays and it is we who pass. Introduction: This book consists of 3 parts. The first has some thoughts about our name and a short history of the city of Blokzijl the place of origin. The second part contains the geneology which .dates back to about 1550 and is brought up to date to December 1989. Family members are written up in the family to which they belang • The head of the family has been assigned a number consisting of 2 parts. The Roman numeral indicates the generations counting from . the first forefather , who carries number I . The other figures indicate the number of the family cou.nting from the first forefather. Multiple ma.rriages are indicated as a orb or c. 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(1 A-1 é, .( 8 lt :i<L _.: )_~ '.,., y_ P- t)A '/ ½ 17 J f {;u,,- • ~Tl/ l 7 J/~) /lft1T A- 5r;-111e11'1tr1;,J Pte..r' /?vT /'r vN'PK.ttlhlJtJJtP y/)1) Jt To ;/T/t.L,AJé:jT~ 'J) /5 l!.1/s /!. Á-/V# AtRI>~ , ,é-SPI!.. e,~t,,l..'-Y- yov )1, ~/f.l 7v<;c~/?TI "''- ~ i~t-K"~ r,~,.;,s" LAcir o~ J;, lfl' /'t f 7J'/? ïFllf · · /(AI IÏJ O ,t;,nz 1<,/ ~ ll/1, 1;,,. /à at--- 0 • • �The prioe of liberty is eternal vigilance. " The elation of victory has become a memory of the elderly. It should not be so" '1hile the world is rid of Hitler's physical presenoe, still contend with his monstrous legacy. Senator Biroh Bayh is aware that itlives in our country and that f>ap thy ani ignorance together will allow this cucer to be eborn , to f ester and to grow • e statect that this evil should be excised now ~ WAITED TOO LONG THE LAST TIME. w On January 29, 1989, the Republikaner Partei, which calls itself 11 a cleaner extension of the Nazi's gained 11 seats in the City of Berlin's Senate. Some party members have called themselves the "Zyklon B" group after the chemical used with deadly effect in the gaschambers. erner Zellien, a Berliner concludes : " The on~ thing German;y learnt from the Holocaust was how to make poison gas" He was referring to the U.S.A. having to tell· the German Government about the Libyan chemiohal plant scandal. nd Newsweek juat report.ecl th&t 2. German firms have d-eli~ed all the becessary components to Pakistan to start produving atomie bobs . l ter Cronkite was scheduled as speaker for the award of the Spirit o:f Liberty , of which he himselt had been the recipient • nd gripping the arms of bis chair, he said in bis sonorous barito e-/i I was just mad. I have been mad. Still am. ~nd he spoke these words: �CONTINUED FROM Cl ed enough to understand that a newsman could wear several bats and that we had the ability to turn off - nearly, you can't say perf~1y but nearly - all of our preJudi~es and biases." . . lt bas been a long tim~ sm<:e Cronkite sat in the anchor,f ch_atr at the "CBS Evening News, whi~ he turned over to Dan Rather m March 1981 With an a~nual salary reputed to be $ 1 million Cronkite was given a ' f direct seat on the CBS board o ors and the title of special correspondent, under an exclusive agreement that ran through last Nov. 4, the day he turned 72. For the decade to follow, he was to become a consultant to the network, at a sharply reduced salacy. Unhappiness crops up ,As Nov. 4 drew closer, how_ever, ess d h. nh Cronkite voice 1s u ap~m ~tb his status at CBS, as bis apr..earances on the "Evening News" an " -d other CBS pro~ms grew fewd af er and ~e networ turned a e ear to _h1s proposals. tb h d be~~~: ~i h."~g';, 1 even leave the network - something CBS clearly didn't wish to see happen. Cronkite would not discuss the financial terms of bis new agre~ment with CBS, other than to say 1t is substantial. It obligates neither hlm nor the network to any specific projects, which Cronkite said is just fine. public on complicated t rues. It allows him to work for the Pub- Cronkite said, "and that's one lic Broadcasting Service, for cable the problems of putting issues o television and, with some excep- that 23 minutes." tions, other outlets. lnsisting that people ought t f ti ti n have used newspapers and mag And the process O renego a O zines, as well as television and r did get him back on camera; he was dio to get a full sense of the IS there with Rather at the convend d .. },/ tions last summer, commenting on in the campaign, he ad e , the race for the presidency. should have done an hour at "lt's always hard, after you've once a week, minimumly, m y been in command, to take a lesser more than that, in prime time, ru role," he conceded. marizing the campaign." "But quite honestly, 1 wouldn:t on the other hand, he could doi have wanted to work that hard this bis director's bat and admit that h year. 1 had my turn at that. I'm !lot understood whrthe networks r · reluctant yield likely primetotime to the slightest bit bitter about h avt ng shows thattoweren't t ract. a lesser role. 1 wouldn't have exdi pected anything else." large au ence. Nevertheless, he regrette_d holdWH gn C V Confllctlng a ers ing bis tongue about campat ~lndeed that conflict betweén erage by the news media at e Walter cro' nkite the straight-atTOW time of the debates between the presidential candidates. newsman and Walter Cronkite the "Television is not an adequate corporat functionacy is one he bas medium to qua.1.if.::.orm=-=-:th_,,.._,n--=o'-t..:!.ye_t_fu_ll..;;,y_re_so_l_ve_d...._ _ _ __ ad ,, e '-S~Ue ofpubbc U.IM.t /zas been intensil:nd, nk by t,.LU::_ r'-Se ofsensationafism 'J«: •.:0 lle sqys, • • - part~Utar,ry • J l thOSe progranzs • teleV'-SW'! oueradmg a.s new1'-". 1 u During his eight years on the CBS board, the network and its news division have been torn apart by internal conflict, a takeover attemp~ by Ted Turner, a libel suit brought by Gen. William C. Westmoreland and countless executive changes. "lt was very difficult for me, during strike situations, during the takeover situations with Turner," he said, "I did find myself in conflict between the openness I would like, the right of the public to know and the board's responsibility and the necessity to do some business in the dark, if you please. "1 fight against that all my life, against anybody doing the public's business in the dark, and yet, 1 find, now that I'm in it, that there is a necessity to do that to a degree." Something else carne up during the campaign, a/'ié hàs fn almost ry election ear since Cronkite commenced bis very public career: the moves to draft him into polities. He would not deny that he had been tempted, hut he feit it would have been wrong: "1 do sincerely believe that anybody who's been an anchorperson - even eig_ht years after he's been an anchorperson - should not get involved in polities. I've said this all along and the biels to run for office began years ago. And they carne from both parties, incidentally." There was another issue for him, · as well. Was Cronkite ever resentful of all the trust that had been vested in him all those years? "Resentful wouldn't be the word," he said, rolling it around in his mouth. "Appalled, maybe. Somewhat frightened by it. 1 always have been concerned about . the idolatry connected with anchorpeople on television. lt bothers me a -great deal that people would say, 'I believe every word you say.' Heavens, that's terrible for them to think." The issue of public trust bas been intensified, he said, by the rise of ·sensationalism on television - particularly those programs masquerading as news. · He broached that subject in the second of bis recent surprising ubhc .statements, h1s one on Dec. 5, at a dinner in his honor given b the Museum of Broadcasting. Cronkite used the occasion 11 come out strongly against sensationalist television programs particularly those fflat parade 85 news. Referring to that after-dinner speech, he recalled the time when "The CBS Evening News" trailed NBC's "Huntley-Brinkley Report" slightly in the ratings when Cronkite became the CBS anchor in 1962. • Even then, ratings were ve1y much on the minds of the neiworks, and he told the netwoiit bosses that greater numbers were within easy reaeh, simply by "going tabloid." With someone else iri the anchor's chair, of course. "So, this is nothing new," Cronkite said. "What is new is that the outlets are available." His primary concern, he added, was that the popular new tabloid programs could ultimately influence network news broadcasts - a vulnerability drawn in starker relief in this age of corporate ownership of ABC and NBC and a corporate sensibility at CBS. "This will be the test, perhaps, of this generation of owners of. the networks as to their sense of rens1bih •" �The sheds neuirality, speaks out Inore By Jeremy Gerard N,Y. Times News Service N ~ ' . EW YORK - Walter Cronkite had always been more comfortable delivering the news than making it. But sometbing was gnawing at him, and when the opportunity arose one evening not long after George Bush was elected president, Cronkite made a speech in defense of liberal values. It surprised people more than he cou.Id have imagined. Although it'Was nearly nine years since the most welcome house guest in the country, Uncle Walter. Old Iron Pants, the Most Trusted Man in America, had relinquished bis anchor's chair at the ''CBS Evening News," many still seemed to think; as Cronkite put it, that he ought to go on being an "ideological eunuch." Those day~ are over. Not so objective ,1 In recent weeks, a~r years of being the conduit and never the conscie'hce of the news, Cronkite bas begun speaking ou(.on issues that concern him - issues mostly having t.o do with joumalism and polities. At the same time, he has carved out for himself more personal time in a more private life. A renegotiated contract with CBS that pays hun a great deal to do little more than stay away from the other commen:ial networks will allow him time to develop projects and to begin work on a long-overdue autobiography. But don't expect him to drift too far trom the camera's eye or the reporters notebook. Un_packed dlrtons sit outside the door and around the corner from Cronkite's new-Office on the 24th floor of the CBS headquarters at 52nd Street. Inside, in bis shirt sleeves, he sat talking about that speech, about the rise of so-called tabloid television and about his role as a director of CijS. the company he joined in 1950 after 11 years as a re. porter for the United Press. On Nov. 17, he was scheduled to introduce Barbara Jordan toa gathering of People for the American Way, the nonpartisan group founded by the producer Norman Lear in 1980 to focus on constitutional issues. Jordan, a former Texas Congresswoman and one of the Democratie Party's most articu!ate advocates, was the recipient of the organization's annual "Spirit of Liberty" award. Cronkit~, tl!e previous.Y-ea_rs winn~. ~there to pass thé torch. In the fn'St araft of bis .introductory speech, he wrote that he was going to rèSist a temptation. to digress , fn that much•abused subject, liberalism. _ But then he Iooketf'Sf hVApeech. and at those words, and he chan ed his mind. emocratic . ss t e e ection he said.._ ..,....was the fäult Qf tQQ.nmi ~ T u ~ e i r iciK:es stilled by not-SQ•8Y.btle.k 1)1.Qii.cal intimid~on. _ ~ox instance. we know.. that u n i l a t ~ action in Grenada and Ttipoli was wrong. We know that Stru'. Wars means unçontrollable escalatioiiofitïe_~nn race. We know that the real threat JQ.iiemocracy is in half the 11ati9n in po-verty. "We know that Thomas Jefferson was rii)lt \rli.e.n..be said. 'A demöcracy, cannot be both ignorant and free.' We know, we know, that no one .s.twuld teil sb~ tQ..bear an qnwanted .child. We lg}ow th ligj.QUS belie.fs cannQtdefine. patriotism. "We know that it is not how one's ~ are fo nned hut what they say. And we know thêre is f~m.JQ..~_a™-.witn ·all or part of what I_'v_e_ _ just said. "But God almightyJ. we've got to shout these .truthsln which we believe from tlîerooftgps." 1 Gripping conviction That is what C,ronkite said, and sitting in his office as he recalled the speech bis body language was as eloquent as his recollections were awncular. Without noticing it, he gripped the arms ofhis chair as he remembered that night and the events that had inspired him. By the time he finished, bis grip on those arms looked strong enough to crush coat into diamonds. "l was just mad." he said in the famous baritone. ..1 have been mad. Still am." Cronkite sai<i that he bas spoken bis mind throughout bis career, especlally during the years on radio prior to becotning the anchor of the "CBS Evening News." . _ , " .. ~ "Fot my whole life, long bëfore CBS, whèn l was at United Press - and goodness knows, press.service reporters are supposed to be ideological eunuchs if there ever were any. and I made public speeches under the auspices of United Press. All through my llfe, I have never disguised my sentiments about polities in genera!." l Well, maybe he had always registered as an independent so as not to appear partisan. Still, "lib• eralism carne out in almost every -speech in one way or another, on radio.'' . As he continued to talk, however, Cronkite seemed to arrive at bis own understanding of just how significant the Roseland speech had been. " On television, I tried to absolutely hew to the middle of the road and not show any prejudice or bias in any way," he said. r "I did not believe that the public was sophisticat• se/! CRONKITE, C2 �CONTINUED FROM Cl ed enough to understand that a newsman could wear several bats and that we had the ability to turn off - nearly, you can't say perf~1y but nearly - all of our preJudi~es and biases." . . lt bas been a long tim~ sm<:e Cronkite sat in the anchor,f ch_atr at the "CBS Evening News, whi~ he turned over to Dan Rather m March 1981 With an a~nual salary reputed to be $ 1 million Cronkite was given a ' f direct seat on the CBS board o ors and the title of special correspondent, under an exclusive agreement that ran through last Nov. 4, the day he turned 72. For the decade to follow, he was to become a consultant to the network, at a sharply reduced salacy. Unhappiness crops up ,As Nov. 4 drew closer, how_ever, ess d h. nh Cronkite voice 1s u ap~m ~tb his status at CBS, as bis apr..earances on the "Evening News" an " -d other CBS pro~ms grew fewd af er and ~e networ turned a e ear to _h1s proposals. tb h d be~~~: ~i h."~g';, 1 even leave the network - something CBS clearly didn't wish to see happen. Cronkite would not discuss the financial terms of bis new agre~ment with CBS, other than to say 1t is substantial. It obligates neither hlm nor the network to any specific projects, which Cronkite said is just fine. public on complicated t rues. It allows him to work for the Pub- Cronkite said, "and that's one lic Broadcasting Service, for cable the problems of putting issues o television and, with some excep- that 23 minutes." tions, other outlets. lnsisting that people ought t f ti ti n have used newspapers and mag And the process O renego a O zines, as well as television and r did get him back on camera; he was dio to get a full sense of the IS there with Rather at the convend d .. },/ tions last summer, commenting on in the campaign, he ad e , the race for the presidency. should have done an hour at "lt's always hard, after you've once a week, minimumly, m y been in command, to take a lesser more than that, in prime time, ru role," he conceded. marizing the campaign." "But quite honestly, 1 wouldn:t on the other hand, he could doi have wanted to work that hard this bis director's bat and admit that h year. 1 had my turn at that. I'm !lot understood whrthe networks r · reluctant yield likely primetotime to the slightest bit bitter about h avt ng shows thattoweren't t ract. a lesser role. 1 wouldn't have exdi pected anything else." large au ence. Nevertheless, he regrette_d holdWH gn C V Confllctlng a ers ing bis tongue about campat ~lndeed that conflict betweén erage by the news media at e Walter cro' nkite the straight-atTOW time of the debates between the presidential candidates. newsman and Walter Cronkite the "Television is not an adequate corporat functionacy is one he bas medium to qua.1.if.::.orm=-=-:th_,,.._,n--=o'-t..:!.ye_t_fu_ll..;;,y_re_so_l_ve_d...._ _ _ __ ad ,, e '-S~Ue ofpubbc U.IM.t /zas been intensil:nd, nk by t,.LU::_ r'-Se ofsensationafism 'J«: •.:0 lle sqys, • • - part~Utar,ry • J l thOSe progranzs • teleV'-SW'! oueradmg a.s new1'-". 1 u During his eight years on the CBS board, the network and its news division have been torn apart by internal conflict, a takeover attemp~ by Ted Turner, a libel suit brought by Gen. William C. Westmoreland and countless executive changes. "lt was very difficult for me, during strike situations, during the takeover situations with Turner," he said, "I did find myself in conflict between the openness I would like, the right of the public to know and the board's responsibility and the necessity to do some business in the dark, if you please. "1 fight against that all my life, against anybody doing the public's business in the dark, and yet, 1 find, now that I'm in it, that there is a necessity to do that to a degree." Something else carne up during the campaign, a/'ié hàs fn almost ry election ear since Cronkite commenced bis very public career: the moves to draft him into polities. He would not deny that he had been tempted, hut he feit it would have been wrong: "1 do sincerely believe that anybody who's been an anchorperson - even eig_ht years after he's been an anchorperson - should not get involved in polities. I've said this all along and the biels to run for office began years ago. And they carne from both parties, incidentally." There was another issue for him, · as well. Was Cronkite ever resentful of all the trust that had been vested in him all those years? "Resentful wouldn't be the word," he said, rolling it around in his mouth. "Appalled, maybe. Somewhat frightened by it. 1 always have been concerned about . the idolatry connected with anchorpeople on television. lt bothers me a -great deal that people would say, 'I believe every word you say.' Heavens, that's terrible for them to think." The issue of public trust bas been intensified, he said, by the rise of ·sensationalism on television - particularly those programs masquerading as news. · He broached that subject in the second of bis recent surprising ubhc .statements, h1s one on Dec. 5, at a dinner in his honor given b the Museum of Broadcasting. Cronkite used the occasion 11 come out strongly against sensationalist television programs particularly those fflat parade 85 news. Referring to that after-dinner speech, he recalled the time when "The CBS Evening News" trailed NBC's "Huntley-Brinkley Report" slightly in the ratings when Cronkite became the CBS anchor in 1962. • Even then, ratings were ve1y much on the minds of the neiworks, and he told the netwoiit bosses that greater numbers were within easy reaeh, simply by "going tabloid." With someone else iri the anchor's chair, of course. "So, this is nothing new," Cronkite said. "What is new is that the outlets are available." His primary concern, he added, was that the popular new tabloid programs could ultimately influence network news broadcasts - a vulnerability drawn in starker relief in this age of corporate ownership of ABC and NBC and a corporate sensibility at CBS. "This will be the test, perhaps, of this generation of owners of. the networks as to their sense of rens1bih •" �The sheds neuirality, speaks out Inore By Jeremy Gerard N,Y. Times News Service N ~ ' . EW YORK - Walter Cronkite had always been more comfortable delivering the news than making it. But sometbing was gnawing at him, and when the opportunity arose one evening not long after George Bush was elected president, Cronkite made a speech in defense of liberal values. It surprised people more than he cou.Id have imagined. Although it'Was nearly nine years since the most welcome house guest in the country, Uncle Walter. Old Iron Pants, the Most Trusted Man in America, had relinquished bis anchor's chair at the ''CBS Evening News," many still seemed to think; as Cronkite put it, that he ought to go on being an "ideological eunuch." Those day~ are over. Not so objective ,1 In recent weeks, a~r years of being the conduit and never the conscie'hce of the news, Cronkite bas begun speaking ou(.on issues that concern him - issues mostly having t.o do with joumalism and polities. At the same time, he has carved out for himself more personal time in a more private life. A renegotiated contract with CBS that pays hun a great deal to do little more than stay away from the other commen:ial networks will allow him time to develop projects and to begin work on a long-overdue autobiography. But don't expect him to drift too far trom the camera's eye or the reporters notebook. Un_packed dlrtons sit outside the door and around the corner from Cronkite's new-Office on the 24th floor of the CBS headquarters at 52nd Street. Inside, in bis shirt sleeves, he sat talking about that speech, about the rise of so-called tabloid television and about his role as a director of CijS. the company he joined in 1950 after 11 years as a re. porter for the United Press. On Nov. 17, he was scheduled to introduce Barbara Jordan toa gathering of People for the American Way, the nonpartisan group founded by the producer Norman Lear in 1980 to focus on constitutional issues. Jordan, a former Texas Congresswoman and one of the Democratie Party's most articu!ate advocates, was the recipient of the organization's annual "Spirit of Liberty" award. Cronkit~, tl!e previous.Y-ea_rs winn~. ~there to pass thé torch. In the fn'St araft of bis .introductory speech, he wrote that he was going to rèSist a temptation. to digress , fn that much•abused subject, liberalism. _ But then he Iooketf'Sf hVApeech. and at those words, and he chan ed his mind. emocratic . ss t e e ection he said.._ ..,....was the fäult Qf tQQ.nmi ~ T u ~ e i r iciK:es stilled by not-SQ•8Y.btle.k 1)1.Qii.cal intimid~on. _ ~ox instance. we know.. that u n i l a t ~ action in Grenada and Ttipoli was wrong. We know that Stru'. Wars means unçontrollable escalatioiiofitïe_~nn race. We know that the real threat JQ.iiemocracy is in half the 11ati9n in po-verty. "We know that Thomas Jefferson was rii)lt \rli.e.n..be said. 'A demöcracy, cannot be both ignorant and free.' We know, we know, that no one .s.twuld teil sb~ tQ..bear an qnwanted .child. We lg}ow th ligj.QUS belie.fs cannQtdefine. patriotism. "We know that it is not how one's ~ are fo nned hut what they say. And we know thêre is f~m.JQ..~_a™-.witn ·all or part of what I_'v_e_ _ just said. "But God almightyJ. we've got to shout these .truthsln which we believe from tlîerooftgps." 1 Gripping conviction That is what C,ronkite said, and sitting in his office as he recalled the speech bis body language was as eloquent as his recollections were awncular. Without noticing it, he gripped the arms ofhis chair as he remembered that night and the events that had inspired him. By the time he finished, bis grip on those arms looked strong enough to crush coat into diamonds. "l was just mad." he said in the famous baritone. ..1 have been mad. Still am." Cronkite sai<i that he bas spoken bis mind throughout bis career, especlally during the years on radio prior to becotning the anchor of the "CBS Evening News." . _ , " .. ~ "Fot my whole life, long bëfore CBS, whèn l was at United Press - and goodness knows, press.service reporters are supposed to be ideological eunuchs if there ever were any. and I made public speeches under the auspices of United Press. All through my llfe, I have never disguised my sentiments about polities in genera!." l Well, maybe he had always registered as an independent so as not to appear partisan. Still, "lib• eralism carne out in almost every -speech in one way or another, on radio.'' . As he continued to talk, however, Cronkite seemed to arrive at bis own understanding of just how significant the Roseland speech had been. " On television, I tried to absolutely hew to the middle of the road and not show any prejudice or bias in any way," he said. r "I did not believe that the public was sophisticat• se/! CRONKITE, C2 �NATIONALSOZIALISTISCHE MILITÄR- UNO ZIVILVERWALTUNG IN DEN EROBERTEN GEBIETEN IM WESTEN ff17·PS 1. Be r 1 c b t (-eet,ehn] 'k über dl• Lage u~d Entwlckluag 1n den beaetzteD u1ederliànd1acben Gebietec Berlcbtazelt 29.llai bie 1,.Jull 1140 , ..t! .'fi .. J48•1i•inu Rridisiadirtj Auftra« und Autgabe lllt der Bestellung 1ua ltelch1kouhaar ht du lui'\rac gegebe11. ln labrung der l11terea1e11 dN lelcbea die Bffectllche Ordn1112g UDd du Dffentltcbe tebe11 etcbern1telle11, u.nd die Au!gabe Terbunden 0 dle au, Cröaden der Erbaltwig der 11ederl1Dd11cb.-llldtscbe11 Geblete UDA'bblllgic su balt•Dll•n llederlande abpsehen TOD den a111tlrtachen S1cherunge w1111ohaftl1ch • ögl tc!lat an du let eb n bladtlll. l)leae Aufgabe lat n u,..... HDD u pltngt, dne po11thcb• 11lleub1ldimg suataadeaubrlJIPD, die 41e w1rtaohaftl1che BlndUIII der llederlande aa du lelch ale Aua!ld dN Willena des D1e4erläncl 1cdlen Volk•• erachetnen 11st. El Uepn konkrete Anhalt.spunkte datllr ~or, daB ISO-teute lil der tJDifor• Diederlïncllseber Soldaten zugunsic der e1Dur1chlerendcn Relchstruppea eiqegrtfteu 'haben. J• ntederläDdlschen polltlachea tebeD sind Persönltchkettea kaua ,orbanden. Au• da GlelcaaB ragt der eimandalebiigjä'hrtge Coltjn benor. Obirohl ln seinen Grundetgenschaften herrtecb IIDd etnsataberett, lat er Tollkoaaen den w1tlerl1cbllberalea AmcbaaUDgeD nrbmaden IIDll ale htonttr Cah1nht tllr Dat10D&l.1oztall1ttaobe Cedankea,lage lTpodwelcher Art ntobt n haNa. Der 1. Bericht aus den Nicdcrlandcn vom Juli 1940, mit dcm Bild von Dr. ScyA-lnquart, dcm Rcidukommissar fûr die bcactztcn Wcstrcbictc. Juli 19~ 1 320 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_DOC_Starvation-documentation Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Pieter Title A name given to the resource Starvation documentation Description An account of the resource Map of the Netherlands annotated by Pieter Termaat, and notes from Termaat documenting the starvation conditions during the Nazi occupation, and locations of farms visited to acquire food. Subject The topic of the resource Dutch World War, 1939-1945 -- Netherlands World War, 1939-1945--Occupied territories Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng nl Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c210bd40e660170ded543b1e5d026408.pdf 73279e115204eb2f96ef80c6e4278c81 PDF Text Text MBBI LEWIS , RJ\BBI WEINGARTEN , DISTINGUISHED GUESTS /\.ND FRIENDS , IT IS A PRIVILEl'.:rE ON THIS DI\Y OF COMMEMOMTION OF THE HOLOCAUST TO BRING YOU A MESSAGE FROM HIS EXCELLENCY DR . JI\N H. LUBBERS , AMBASSADOR OF THE KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS TO OUR COUNTRY . DR . LUBBERS ' MESSAGE READS : NATIONAL HOLOCAUST REMEMBRANCE D/\.Y /\.PRIL 10 , 1983 CONGREBATION AH/\.V/\.S ISR~EL PEI' ER N. TERM/\./\ T �Message of the Ambassador of the Kingdom of the Netherlands April 10, 1983, gathering in Grand Rapids on Holocaust. NATIONAL HOLOCAUsr REMEMBRANCE DAY CON3-REBATION AHAVAS ISRAEL As year succeeds to year, and human events once believed glorious fade to ghosts of uncertain light, yet there are enterprises of mankind which persist as immutable monuments of shame, despite our efforts to pull them down forever. I speak of the Holocaust: the vengeful, pitiless and evil systematic destruction of our brothers and sisters. A half century ago this scheme was born in its modern w'ustrial manifestation when the means of production were perverted into factories of destruction. Forty years ago, the Holocaust had become an institution of total warfare, not against armies, but against human beings: clerks, grocers, dock workers, housewives, and children. It was turned against people whose only crnme under this horrific code was their religion, ethnic ancestry, frailty of mind or body. Great evil demands greater labors for good. In The Netherlands as in other countries of Europe, and in The United States, there were those who found, sometimes by chance, the opportunity and means to counter evil. Sometimes singly and without proclaiming their decision and work, sometimes in groups formed to oppose a system of evil with one of good, men and women, who equally by accident of birth had been preserved for the moment against persecution, fought to preserve life and sabotage evil. Now, decades after the immediate battle was ended, we know these freedom fighters as members of The Underground, and we have brought them up into the light as examples of courage for generations to come, and as candles of remembrance of those who could not be saved. And while those old factories and camps of death are now mounds of rubble and empty shells, there are still spores left in the ground, where they wait in suspended animation for the climate to change. But these spores of evil, spores of death, cannot tolerate light; they cannot withstand the forces of courage and good which you also celebrate today. Let us all bend our will and our efforts that never again will good be so overwhelmed by evil that it is reduced to a voice crying in the wilderness. Jan H. Lubbers �-.L-. NA.TIONI\.L HOLOCA.Usr REMEMBRI\NCE Dl\.Y SPEECH A.T l\.Hl\.VI\.S ISRI\.EL ON A.PRIL 10, 1983 • RI\BBI LEWIS, Rl\.BBI "\A.TEING/\.Rl'EN , DISTINGUISHED GUEsrS /\ND FRIENDS , IF EVER THERE IS A. NEED FOR ONE MORE LA.W TO BE PI\.SSED, WHICH TRI\NSCENDS l\.LL OTHER ISSUES , IT IS fl. LI\.W TO M/\KE ETHNIC INTIMIDATION /\ CRIME • ITS TIME IS NOW • TOO MANY INDIVIDUI\.LS /\ND GROUPS EXIsr TO MAKE P1\SSAGE OF SUCH I\. LI\.W IMPERA.T IVE • THE MEN WHO EXHORI'ED f\ND PROMOT E:D THE HOLOC/\Usr FOUND TOO LI\ RGE I\ NUMBER OF MEN /\.ND WOMEN , WHO OBEYED THEIR ORDERS WILLINGLY /\ND EAGERLY . FOR US , MEN A.ND WOMEN OF THE RESISTANCE , THE CLI\.RION CA.LL CI\ME IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE NI\.ZI OCCUPI\TION Bffil\N , WHEN FROM THE PULPITS ISI\Il\.H 11 S PROPHETIC VOICE SOUNDED OUT : 11 SHELTER THE HOMELESS, DO NOT BETRI\.Y THE FUGITIVE • " IT WA.S A. TRUSTED VOICE THAT HI\D CALLED ON OUR PEOPLE NA.NY A. TIME IN HisrORY BEFORE . l\.T THE STI\.RT OF THE 17I'H CENTURY , THE FRENCH PHILOSOPHER DESC/\.RI'ES WHEN VISITING THE NETHERLA.NDS , WROTE : 11 THERE IS NO COUNTRY IN WHICH FREEDOM IS MORE COMPLETE , SECURITY GREl\.TER , CRIME Rl\.RER , THE SIMPLICITY OF /\NCIENT MANNERS MORE PERFECT THA.N HERE • II A.ND IN 1660 ANOTHER VISITING FRENCHMI\N WROTE : 11 THERE IS NOT TODI\Y A. PROVINCE IN THE WORLD THI\.T ENJOYS LIBERTY SO MUCH A.S HOLLAND • THE MOMENT ll SEIGNEUR BRINGS INTO THIS COUNTRY A.NY SERFS OR SLI\.VES , THEY ARE FREE • EVERYBODY CA.N LEA.VE THE COUNTRY WHEN HE PLEA.SES , A.ND CAN TA.KE /\.LL THE MONEY HE PLEA.SES WITH HIM • THE ROI\.DS ARE SA.FE DAY /\ND NIGHT , EVEN FOR I\ MA.N TRI\.VELLING A.LONE • THE MA.srER IS NOT /\LLOWED TO RETAIN /\ DOMESTIC AGAINST HIS OR HER WILL • NOBODY IS T RO UBL ED ON fl.CCOUNT OF ONE I S RELIGION • ONE IS FREE TO SA.Y WHA.T ONE CHOOSES , EVEN OF THE MI\.GISTRf\TES • 11 IN SHORT : TO BIGOTRY NO SI\NCTION, TO PERSECUTION NO ASSISTANCE • 11 INTO THIS GENIA.L ATMOSPHERE THE REFUGEES FROM EUROPE , BOTH CHRISTIANS A.ND JEWS , IMPA.RI'ED I\. STIMULA.TING VI\.RIETY OF TI\.LENTS • THE UNIVERSITIES OF LEIDEN , FRANEKER, HA.RDERWIJK, UTRECHT /\ND GRONINGEN GA.THERED WORLD FI\MOUS SCHOLA.RS AS EARLY AS THE 16t h AND 17th CENTURIES • IN 16L10 LEIDEN UNIVERSITY HI\.D BECOME , I\ MERE 'l1 YEARS AFTER TI'S FOUNDING , THE MOST RENOWNED SEA.T OF LEI\.Rl\JING IN EUROPE. AMONG THE GENEML POPULI\.TION OF THESE UNITED PROVINCES LITERACY WAS HIGHER TH/\N l\.NYWHERE ELSE IN EUROPE . THE DUTCH PRESS Wi\.S THE FIRsr FREE PRESS . THE LEIDEN WEEKLY NEWS /\.ND THE i\.MSTERDAM GAZETTE WERE READ THROUGHOUT WESTERN EUROPE , BECI\ USE THEY WERE KNOWN TO SPEA.K FREELY , WHILE EVERYWHERE ELSE THE PRESS WAS fl.T THl\.T TIME GOVERNMENTI\.LLY CONTROLLED • WHEN 1\ KING OF FRANCE I\SJ<ED TO HA.VE /\. DUTCH PUBLISHER SUPRESSED , HE WA.S l\srONISHED TO LEA.RN TH/\.T THIS WAS IMPOSSIBLE • A.ND IN THIS CENTURY HOLLA.ND , UNDER HITLER ' s HEEL , SHOWED THE WORLD /\.GA.IN TH/\.T A FREE PRESS WA.S WORI'H SUFFERING FOR • �NATIONAL HOLOCAUST REMEMBRANCE DAY APRIL 10 , 19e3 CONGREGATION AH/I.VAS ISMEL FOR CENTURIES PEOPLE WHO BECAME FUGITIVES FOUND A SAFE HARBOR BEHIND DID-JES AND DIKES • THEY LOVED THE N:EW COUNTRY /\.ND NEARLY ADORED AMSTERDAM • AND WHEN QUEEN WILHEUIDJA BROUGHT HER ANNU/\.L VISIT TO THE C/\.PITA.L , THE DOORS OF THE SYNI\.GOGUE WERE OPENED TOO , /\.ND INSIDE FESTIVE LIGHTS BIAZED BRIGHTLY . I\.ND THE ROYAL OPEN COACHES CA.ME TO I\. STANDSTILL IN FRONT, IN REVERENCE FOR THIS HOUSE OF WORSHIP • AND ITS PEOPLE WERE MOVED , ROYA.LISTS /\.ND REPUBLIC!\.NS , CONSERVATIVES /\.ND LIBERALS . THE HONOR WHICH THE HE/\.D OF STATE SHOWED THE SYN/\GCGUE W/\S THE SYMBOL OF JUSTICE /\.ND S/\.FETY UNDER THE LI\.W • /\ND WHEN TI\.LES 'i.-J"BRE TOLD OP CRUEL PERSECUTION ELS&lliERE, THE JEWS LAMENTED /\ND THEY S/\ID : "TH/\.T C/\.NNOT HAPPEN HERE ." BUT IN THE YEI\.RS FROM 19li0 - 19L 5 IT DID HA.PP.EN /\ND THE DRE/\.DTI'UL SHA.DOW OF THE CROOKED CROSS W/\.S /\LSO C/IST OVER THE LOW LA.NDS • /\.ND WITH THE LOSS OF FREEDOM THAT H/\.D BEEN A.LOTTED THEM HOSPITABLY, THE JE'WS BECJ\.ME ONCE MORE THE LOSERS • /\.ND HOLLAND LOST MUCH • I\ND /\.MSTERDAM SUFFERED I\ GRIEVOUS LOSS . /\.ND THAT LOSS C!\.NNOT BE RESTORED. 1,,llil\.T HI\.S BEEN LOST CANNOT BE RffiAINED • BUT ISRAEL W/\.S ESTABLISHED 1\S /\. NATION ON A N/\.RROW STRIP OF LJ\ND IN 19l.i8 , AND THE VA.LOR OF THE IRGUN AND THE HI\.GI\.N/\.H /\.RE /\. MATTER OF RECORD . I\.ND IT YJJ\.Y YET BE S/\.ID : HOW WILD THE STORMS 1\RE BLOWING, HOW RA.IN AND SNOW HAS L/\.SHED, THE TALL HIGH HOUSE OF ZION STILL STANDS UNYIELDING FA.ST • IN THE END THE NAZI BRUTES WERE V/\NQUISHED • THEIRS IS NOT THE DESTINY OF CIVILIZ/\.TION . THE LIE, THE TREASON, THE BRUTE VICJLENCE , THE BREAKING OF THE SPIRIT, THE DICTATOR ' s SUPPRESSION /\.RE THE TOOLS OP THE EVIL ONE , v-lliICH WILL /\.LWAYS MEET UP WITH STRONGER RESIST/\.NCE IN MEASURE TO THEIR MONSTROSITY IN HOLLAND THE FIRST MEN /\.ND WOMEN OP THE RESIST/\NCE FEL'L IN THAT BATTLE ALREI\.DY IN THE FIRST YEJ\.R OF TH/1.T DA.RK NIGHTSPI\.N OF FIVE YEARS OF OCCUPATION . HIDING , CLOTHING /\.ND FEEDING J\.LLIED FLYING PERSONNEL A.ND AIRBORNES FOR THEIR SHORT PI\.SSING THROUGH ON THE LONDON UNDERGROUND RHLROAD WAS I\.CCOMPLISHED NEXT TO THE EVEN MORE /\.ND LONGTIME INTENSIVE HELP OFfERED JEWS A.ND OTHER CITIZENS THREATENED WITH NI\.ZI HATRED • OUR BJ\.TTLE GROUPS I\.T TOTI\.L RISK FOUGHT AGJ\.INST . WHI\.T THE SPI\.RSE INFORMI\.TION FROM i\.USCHWITZ , TERBLINK/\, DACHAU A.ND MA.NY OTHER CAMPS SUGGESTED • HITLER 's RIGHT HA.ND M/\.N , GOEBBELS , WROTE IN HIS DIA.RY ON SEPTEMBER l0,19LJ3 : 11 THE FUHRER EXPECTS THE ANGL0-1\.MERICJ\.N INVASION ATTEMPT TO COME IN THE NETHERI.ANDS • WE i\.RE THE WEI\.KEST THERE , /\.ND THE POPULATION WOULD BE MOST INCLINED TO GIVE THE NECESSARY LOC/\.L SUPPORI' TO SUCH AN UNDERI'/\.KING • AS EVERYBODY KNOWS , THE DUTCH /\.RE THE MOST INSOLENT fl.ND OBSTREPEROUS PEOPLE IN THE ENTIRE WEST • " QUOTE , UNQUOTE • WID\.T STILL Hi\UNTS US A.S RESISTANCE PEOPLE IS : COULD WE HA.VE DONE MORE THAN Si\.VE ONLY ONE IN TEN J&lS • PEI'ER N. TERMJ\./\T �_:3_ BUT THE BLOODIED RI\NKS OF THE RESISTANCE PROVED THI\T NO SflCRIFICE IS TOO GREAT IN THE BI\TTLE FOR FREEDOM i\ND DIGNITY UNDER GOD' s COJ\I.JMJ.\.NDMENT S • OVER 40 }'f..INISTERS OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCHES OF THE REF'ORMI\TION AND OVER 40 CI\.THOLIC PRIESTS PERISHED IN THE CONCENTRATION CAMPS • I\.ND IN THE NA.TIONA.L CEMEI'A.RY OF THE RESISTJ\NCE, IN THE DUNES BEI'WEEN Hl\.i\RLEM l\.ND THE SE/\ , 371 MEN (IND WOMEN , COMRI\DES ALL, FOUND THEIR 11\ST RESTDB PLI\.CE ON THE SPOT WHERE THEY WERE EXECUTED • I\ GRE!\.TER NUMBER WERE SHOT IN OTHER LOCI\.TIONS OR PERISHED I N THE CONCENTRI\.TION CI\.MPS. BY THE END OF 19li4 , THE A.CTIVE LIFESPJ\.N OF I\. RESISTJ\.NCE H'IGHTER WI\.S ESTIMATED i\T LESS THI\.N 4 MONTHS • LEI' :tvIE END BY RECITING 2 VERSES OF i\ POEM WHICH Ji\.N CAMPERT, fl. SENIOR i\.T THE UNIVERSITY OF flMSTERDi\M ' s MEDICAL SCHOOL, WROTE i\. YEl\.R BEFORE HE HIMSELF Wl\.S CAPTURED, TORrURED A.ND EXECUTED BEF'ORE I\ Nl\.ZIS~Ul\.D : OH BRIGHT /\.ND LOVELY Li\.ND F /\.REWELL Fi\.!WtlELL FREE DUNES /\.ND SHORE ! I VOW THAT FROM THE HOUR YOU FELL I THOUGHT OF EI\.SE NO MORE • WHI\.T CAN I\ LOYI\.L MAN AND TRUE l\.T SUCH I\. TIME ESSAY , BUT BID HIS WIFE I\.ND CHILD i\.DIEU /\.ND FIGHT THE USELESS FRflY ? MY T/\.SK WI\.S Hl\.RD , MY DUTY STERN IT BROUGHT ME TOIL fl.ND STRIFE BUT YEI' MY HEI\.Rr WOULD NEVER TURN BACK TO MY Ei\SY LIFE . FREEDOM WAS ONCE IN NETHERLAND BOTH HONORED AND MAINT l\.INED UNTIL THE SI\Vl\.GE' s SPOILER' s HI\.ND ITS DWELLING PLi\.CE PROFANED . VICI\.RIOUSLY WE I\.CCEPI' YOUR HONORABLE MENTION . MAY THE GRI\.CE AND THE INNER PEACE 017 THE GOD OF ABMHI\.M, ISI\.A.C A.ND JACOB BE WTTH US /\.LL IN THIS FREE Li\.ND , /\.ND KEEP US f\.T HIGH /I.LERI' I\.Gi\.INST I\.NOTHER HOLOCAUST EVER HAPPENING /I.GA.IN • FOR OUR UNITY CREI\TES STRENGTH . NATIONAL HOLOCAUST REMEMBRANCE DI\.Y I\.PRIL 10, 1983 CONGREGATION I\.HI\.VI\.S ISRAEL PBI'ER N. TERMAAT �AT THIS MOMENT MY WIFE A.ND I WOULD LIKE TO PRESENT TO THE MEN I S CLUB OF CONGRffil\.TION /1.Hl\.Vl\.S ISM.EL 4 BOOKLEI' S, WHICH REPRESENT THE SEI\.RCH AMONG THE SURVIVORS OF THE JEWS IN THE NEI'HERLfl.NDS • LISrED IN THESE MOVING HUMI\.N DOCUMENTS A.RE THEIR LAST AND FIRST NII.MES , THEIR DA.TE l\.ND PLI\.CE OF BIRTH /IND THEIR I\.DDRESS BEFORE A.ND I\.FTER THE Wl\.R , IN THE HOPE TH/IT A. RELATIVE OR FRIEND MIGHT YET BE FOUND • THESE BOOKLETS WERE GIVEN TO US 2 YEA.RS A.GO BY MRS . HESTER KLIJNKRl\.MER , WHO WITH HER HUSBl\.ND fl.ND THEIR SON A.ND THEIR NIECE HA.D FOUND I\. SA.FE HIDING FLA.CE IN THE HOME OF OUR BROTHER A.ND SISTER CORNELIS BAREND AND DOROTHEA JOHANNA TERMMT • MRS.KLIJNKRl\.MER HAS SINCE PASSED AWI\.Y, SURVIVING HER HUSE/IND BY I\. FEW YEA.RS. MY WIFE AND I THOUGHT IT MOST APPROPRIATE THI\.T THESE MOVING REMINDERS OF THE HOLOCI\.UST SHOULD RECEIVE A. WORI'H{ PlACE OF YOUR CHOOSING . Nl\.TIONA.L HOLOCI\.UST REMEMBRI\.NCE Dl\.Y APRIL 10, 1983 CONGREGATION l\.HA.Vf\.S ISRAEL PETER N. TERN!f1.1\.T �0 AT THIS MOMENT MY WIFE AND I WOULD LIKE TO PRESENT TO THE -MEN'S CLUB OF CONGREGATION A.HAVAS ISRAEL 4 BOOKLETS, WHICH REPRESENT THE SEARCH AMOl'K} THE SURVIVORS OF THE JE,WS IN THE NETHERLANDS • LIS!ED IN THESE MOVIl'K} HUMAN DOCUMENTS ARE THEIR usr AND FIRS! NAMES, THEIR DATE AND PLACE OF BIRl'H AND THEIR ADDRESS BEFORE AND AFTER THE WAR, IN THE . HOPE THAT A RELATIVE OR FRIEND MIGHT YET BE FOUND • THESE BOOKLEr S WERE GIVEN TO US 2 YEARS AGO BY MRS.HES!ER KLIJNKRAMER, WHO WITH HER HUSBAND AND THEIR SON AND THEIR NIECE HAD FOUND A SAFE HIDING PIACE IN THE HOME OF OUR BROTHER AND SIS!ER CORNELIS BA.REND AND DOROTHEA. JOHANNA TERMMT • MRS.KLIJNKRAMER HAS SINCE PASSED AWAY, SURVIVIN'.z HER HUSBAND BY A FE.W YEARS • MY WIFE AND I THOtnHT IT MOS! APPROPRIATE THAT THESE MOVING REMINDERS OF THE HOI.OCAUsr SHOULD RECEIVE A WORl'H{ PIACE OF YOUR CHOOSING. NATIONAL HOLOCAUsr REMEMBRANCE DAY APRIL 10, 1983 CONGR&rATION A.HAVAS ISRAEL PETER N. TERMAAT G � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_WRI_1983-04-10-Speech-Lubbers-and-Termaat-Ahavas-Isreal-346 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Pieter Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-04-10 Title A name given to the resource National Holocaust Remembrance Day address Description An account of the resource Address by Pieter N. Termaat, to the Congregation Ahavas Israel on National Holocaust Remembrance Day, April 10, 1983. Termaat's address is preceeded by a message from Dr. Jan H. Lubbers, Ambassador of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, also delivered by Termaat . Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Lubbers, Jan H. Subject The topic of the resource Holocaust Remembrance Day Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/823b677a5ed3d856f7f1f4489b5632e1.pdf e53d9c701d0a27e583b149dc4a7ad85b PDF Text Text SERVICE OF COMMEMORATION KRISTALL NACHT November 9, 1938-November 9, 1988 Temple Emanuel Grand Rapids Rabbi Lewis, honored guests: It is with great sadness that we commemorate together the infamy of fifty years ago of what has become known as "Kristall Nacht" or "Night of Glass". It happened less than a year before Poland was partitioned between Germany and Russia. In March 1938 Hitler's armies had been invited into Austria, and that country was in its entirety integrated. Austria had among its population 185,000 Jews, many of whom were arrested and sent to the concentration camp of Dachau. But among these were 20,000 Jews with Polish nationally, who tried after the German-Austrian unification, to return to Poland. The Polish government refused to take them back, and SS General Heydrich had these 20,000 people loaded on trains and dropped off at the Polish border where they, exposed to the elements, wandered about in a no-man's land. After some six months an accord was struck between Germany and Poland whereby each country took in half of these helpless refugees. �The inhumane conditions in which these 20,000 people lived for six months aroused widespread sympathy in Europe, but little practical help for two reasons. To reach them deep inside Europe in the tense situation already existing between Germany and Poland was virtually impossible. In the second place, all western European governments were hesitant, even loath to allow Jewish refugees into their countries. Hitler's mad ravings over the radio had intimidated many of these so-called statesmen. During that horrible Fall of 1938 Dutch journalists covered the news along the border with Germany, and bitter indeed are their memories. For example, they saw a 6 months old baby laying on the luggage counter in the customs building at the border post of Oldenzaal, without parents. Not being able to get away themselves, they had apparently put their baby 1n a train compartment destined for Holland. luggage, bleating. And here it was between the But the Government's dictum stood; it did not want any more refugees and the smuggled baby was sent back to Bentheim across the border. After the war, the prominent journalist Bakker received a phone call. An English speaking lady wanted to come and see him. young woman he met was unknown to him. She showed him a picture of healthy twins and said: "Without your help these children would never have been born," Non-plussed he looked up. She said: "Kerkerade." The �Then Bakker could make the connection - a small Dutch restaurant close to the border and two young people cowering in a corner. Across the road a German border guard waiting to take these refugees back. They had fled from the gruesome violence of Kristall Nacht and had fled to the Netherlands, trusting on the noble tradition of asylum. An officer of the State Police arrived to hand them over. The man cursed from indignation at this task. Bakker asked him to delay the matter and called the Department of Justice in The Hague. down. Twice they turned his request for asylum The restaurant owner advised the young couple to throw a couple of stones through the window of the Police station. Dutch jail was always preferable over going back. A The young man shook his head and said: "Ach nein, die Hollandische Behorden haben uns doch anstandig behandelt." ("Rather not, the Dutch policemen have treated us decently.") Bakker managed to negotiate another half hour's delay, and called the Justice Department again and told them: "This is my third call, and I want you to know that I will dip my pen in poison and publish this nationwide. I have sufficient influence to bring this matter up in Congress. So, unless these two people can stay, only then will I be silenced. It worked. They could stay and after the war Bakker sat there and fumbled with a picture of their twins. rule. It was alas but one exception to the government's �, Among the first Jews to be rounded up for the non-man's land between Germany and Poland were the Grynszpans, whose son Hershell was a student in Paris. Unsettled by the fate of his parents he shot and kil~ed Ernst Von Rath, Third Secretary of the German Embassy in Paris. It shocked the always hysterical a t mosphere in the Nazy Party and inflamed it to such an extent that Hitler gave the order to attack all Jews in their homes and businesses on November 9th, 1938. In one night 200 synagogues went up in flames; 8,000 storefronts devastated and shattered plate glass littered German streets. It was later estimated that the destroyed plate glass represented a half year's production of the Belgian plate glass industry, from which it had been imported. 800 stores were plundered and 35 Jews murdered. 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and put into the concentration camps of Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald and Dachau. After six weeks they were set free, but only after an additional 400 had been murdered. A f i ne was imposed of one million Marks and one fifth of their investments confiscated. Poor Jews would no longer be eligible for social care and were concentrated in work camps. Off limits were now for Jews, theatr e s, musea, public parks and swimming pools. Their children were removed from every level of schooling, and the total number o f Jews in German, 300,000 (about 1% of the population and unarmed) concentrated in Berlin and Vienna. �Protest rallies were held all over Europe, but to no avail. The churches in Holland remained totally committed to helping the Jews, and the number of their martyrs, after they themselves were subjected to five years of occupation, testifies to that eloquently. The only concession before the war was that children would be admitted in limited numbers, not their parents. England would accept 10,000, Belgium 1,000, France 600, Switzerland 300, The Netherlands 1,500 and Sweden 250. It proved too little and too late. It had been night, and now it was day - KRISTALL NACHT - Night of Glass had made its horrible mark in history. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_WRI_1988-11-09-Speech-P-Termaat-on-Kristall-Nacht Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Pieter Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988-11-09 Title A name given to the resource Service of Comemoration: Kristall Nacht Description An account of the resource Address delivered by Pieter N. Termaat at Temple Emanuel, Grand Rapids, Michigan on November 9, 1988. Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1939-1945 Kristallnacht, 1938 -- Anniversaries Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/190efc7d553280033317721b3f96b52d.pdf 82c62087f0ebcead56213d7f3f02ca5b PDF Text Text I -• • COMMENCEMENT ADDRESS HONORARY DOCTORATE OF Peter and Jean Termaat December 7, 1988 President Lubbers, Professor Baum, Provost Neimeijer and members of the Board of Control - honored guest s. My wife Jean and I are ·highly appreciative of the Honorary Doctorate bestowed on us. Foremost in our minds however, is the deeply held conviction that we may accept this only vicariously, mindful of all those who fell in the uneven battle against a ruthless and barbarian regime. It seems appropriate that our thoughts for a moment go back to the faculties and students in occupied ~olland, who .were suddenly faced with serious choices. �•• Professor Telders of Leiden University comes to mind. At the youthful age of 31 he had been appointed as a full Professor of International Law. He distinguished himself Constitutional Law, World History and Philosophy. With intensity he followed domestic and foreign policy and was widely travelled. . • further by many publ i cations, also in the fields of •• Neutrality of his country, situated as it is between Germany, France and England, was as he stated, not only a matter of law, but also of duty. Violation of neutral i ty hurt him deeply, and his feeling of justice being vi olated was translated by him in political militancy. Already on May 25, 1940 - 11 days after Rotterdam was bombed he advised the Secretary of the Interior not to appoint new judges or mayors, in order to prevent the appointment of Nazi elements. Hostages, usually prominent citizens, were taken in all major cities already within months of the start of the foreign occupation, lifted from their beds in the middle of the night in order to intimidate the population, ... ~ and to instill fear. The only result was a stiffening of . t the resistance. In 4 ed i torials in a Rotterdam newspaper, Dr. Telders stated that the Nazi commissar Seys-Inquart in the first 4 weeks had stayed within the perimeter of the International Law, but he made clear the limitations of this law, in order that ~ the people would know when and where these would be violated. .. . C ~ �I He emphatically advised government employees~ to tender their resignation unless they would be required to violate their conscience or their honor, and that would occur where the occup i ers political decisions would be in direct support of conducting the war. For Jean and for me that point was reached on Hay 1, 1942, after two years of occupation, when in writing I refused to send Dutch factory workers to labor • which indeed violated my conscience and my honor • in German war factories ,* The reply gave proof that I resigned. Dr. Telders had correctly spelled out the perimeters for resistance. I have said "us", because fully realizing the sterling qualities of faith , . . . determination and indomitablePoss1b1hty of arrest, it would have to be "our" decision. fl' courage. The reply read: 11 1 notify you that on the basis of a , I honor in my wife the directive from President Boening (A German Nazi) no discharge may be .provided to those who do request this on the basis of conscientious objections against the ezecution of the directive of the Labor Draft." In Dr. Telders 1 last editorial he warned the occupying aut horities agains t any form of unfavorable treatment of our I • Jewish citizens, a small minority - 1½% of the total population. Step by step the pressure on the Jews had increased by forcing them to wear the yellow Star of David and to concentrate them in Amsterdam, i n what was for the first time in Holland's history "a ghetto", separated from the general public. �I The spiritual principle of tolerance had given birth to the - I ... nation during the eighty-year war (1568-1648) against the ... 0 Spanish Inquisition. An independent Netherlands which would nor could honor this principle is unthinkable. The respect . for religious diversity has graced that country for centuries, and equality under the law, irrespective of descent or religion, has always been its high principle. •• C • In • 1940 the Netherlands counted 4 public and 2 parochial a Universities, all with a full curriculum and another 4 •=-- • In 1940, in all these schools, ..,•• the spirit of resistance towards the totalitarian form of r:., government began to form. --It specialized Universities. -.0 It In October 1940, 5 months into the occupation, a protest was signed by half of the faculty members and sent to the Nazi governor to warn against the violation of the principles of our government. ,- lo( ...• . • The other half was of the meaning that they had been appointed because of their achievements, though some of them stated honestly -~ that they were afraid to sign up. Professor van Loghem of the Medical faculty of Amsterdam's l~• ~ University spoke openly against the dangers of totalitarian •C influence and ended his speech by quoting from Netherlands' -r. ::r greatest philosopher, Spinoza: "Only if mankind is led by reason will freedom ensue." And we may add to this: "At the gate of the University, for always." .."'"' ,,. •,,. . (I ' . C it , -< i ...... • I �/ Leiden's University was hit by the Nazi governor, who closed 10 academic positions with Jewish tutors, among them two full professors. One of the latter was Dr. Heijers, in Europe regarded as an exceptional savant. That he was banned from his position was especially hurtful for Rector Cleveringa, for whom Heijers was a long time friend, but who had also been Cleveringa's promotor in 1919. In October 1940 all faculty members received the so-called Arian declaration, which had to be filled out, stating that one was of pure Arian descent. judge its legitimacy, caved in. The Supreme Court, asked to In the end in a compromise all 73 signed but 60 included their signed protest, which had been conceived and written by Professor Telders. Dr. Cleveringa decided to address faculty and students on behalf of Dr. Heijers. He told his wife Hiltje and her reaction was: "They are going to arrest you, but if you ar convinced that it is your duty, do it!" Leiden's auditorium was filled to overflowing and in a second auditorium those present could listen in by loudspeaker. Two-thirds of his speech was dedicated by Cleveringa to his mentor Heijers; factual, laudatory, unusually talented, who had touched deeply, not only the minds, but the hearts of the thousands of his students as well. "And now a foreign enemy removes him from his position �r . among us in direct violation of our constitution, which allows every citizen to be named to every position, independent of his or her religious conviction or ethnic background. which all:European nations A~ticle 43 of the "Land-war Regulations 11f binds the occupier to ere signatories . ~ honor the laws of the land he s~bjugated "sauve empichement :i absolu" (Except for absolute hindrance). There simply is no reason or hindrance to leave Dr. Meijers where he was. We can now, without falling in extreme measures, bow for superior force. Meanwhile, we will wait, and trust, and hope to keep in our thoughts and in our hearts the figure and the personality of him whom we cannot fail to believe, that he belongs here and if God wi ll, will return." Tuesday, November 26, 1940 - six months into the occupation the student body struck. The occupier closed Leiden's University, the second one after Delft. arrested on November 28th. Dr. Cleveringa was Calmly he defended himself: "You have violated the "Land-war Regulations" and I have said that we bow for superior force alone." He was jailed but set free after eight months. At the University of Utrecht Dr. Koningsberger spoke to the student body, which stood during his speech. He concluded with these words: "Whoever wants to report me to the occupation forces or to the Dutch Nazis, I leave the text of what I have just said here on the desk." �A student stepped up to the desk and tore up the notes. The six Universities had a combined student body of 14,600. 11,000 of these men and women refused to sign the declaration of loyalty to the occupier when ordered to do so in April, 1943 - three years into enemy occupation. The cost of principle is high. The 3,500 students who did sign finished their studies ahead of the resisting students. They grabbed the advantage to move ahead of the principled ones. Should at any time an occasion arise where a high moral choice has to be made, what will it be? This we know: "A personal decision, based on simple and honored principle, does count, and will maintain your integrity. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_WRI_1988-12-07-Address-PNT-GVSU-Honorary-Doctorate-v2 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Pieter Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988-12-07 Title A name given to the resource Commencement Address Description An account of the resource Address delivered by Pieter N. Termaat on receipt of his and his wife's honarary doctorates by Grand Valley State University. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Dutch Americans Degrees, Academic Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b1e90475ffe79855bfaef6adcc89e2fe.pdf 375fed9dd08ebc9ee3919cb388a0087e PDF Text Text -· 1 november 1990 Uitreiking Yad Vashem onderscheiding in het Raadhuis te Hoofddorp. Ik mag u namens allen die deze dag de Yad Vashem onderscheiding mochten ontvangen heel hartelijk danken. Dank ook aan allen die zich hier voor hebben ingezet. Wij zijn zeer onder de indruk dat u na bijna 50 jaren wilt terugdenken aan die tijd waarin wij gedurende langere of korte re tijd onderdak hebben gegeven aan J00dse Nederlandse v rouwen en mannen - en niet te vergeten kinderen - die door de bezetter werden achtervolgd. Wij willen u daarvoor danken. De dingen die gebeurden in die donkere oorlogsdagen zijn bij ons niet uit ons geheugen gewist. Integendeel, die oorlog leeft nog steeds voort in onze herinnering. Het is een wezenlijk deel van ons bestaan geworden en gebleven. We zijn niet vervuld van trots om wat we deden. Ik denk dat in onze gedachten over die jaren geen plaats is voor trots. Wat we deden was ook niet iets geweldigs, in het · hele oorlogsgebeuren van die dagen. �/ - 2 - We waren geen verdedigers van Stalingrad of Londen, geen zeelieden op de schepen die ieder moment konden worden getorpedeerd. We vochten niet aan de invasiestranden. Wij waren geen piloten die honderden kilometers over vijandelijk gebied vlogen met rondom een vuurzee van kogels en granaten. We pleegden geen overval op een distributiekantoor of gevangenissen. Wat we deden kwam niet in de krant. Het gebeurde in het verborgene. Niemand mocht het weten. Er zijn er geweest die jaren Joodse onderduikers in huis hadden, zonder dat iemand buiten het huis dat wist. Zelfs de verzetsorganisaties niet. Niet trots willen we zijn omdat het ging over zo iets onwezenlijks! Mensen die zoals wij, gewone mensen waren, die in onze samenleving hun plaats innamen, zonder ook maar op te vallen. Ze werden van de ene op de andere dag gevaarlijk. Ze waren staatsgevaarlijk, ook de kleine kinderen. Ze belemmerden de komst van het duizendjarig Rijk "De grote Sociale Staat ter Wereld" (Goebbels 12-2-41). �,- - 3 - Het had ook ons kunnen overkomen. De "Satans knechten" zoals opa Boogaard hen typeerde hadden hun plannen klaar liggen om op een gunstig tijdstip al diegenen die niet pasten in hun wereld uit te roeien. De joden waren de voorhoede! Omdat we niet mee wilden doen met het synistere spel van ve rnedering van onze medemens hebben we onze huizen opengezet o m toen het nodig werd aan Joden die onderdoken huisvesting te verlenen. Niet trots! Omdat we niet vergeten zijn wat de onderduikers mee moesten maken. Ze konden niet in hun huizen blijven. Weg uit hun vertrouwde omge vi ng. Opgesloten in kleine kamertjes. Soms dag en nacht. Regelmatig wegkruipen onder de vloer of in een geheime kast. Zeker niet op straat. Soms even vlak·bij huis als het donker was. Even een paar stappen buiten. Ze waren er niet voor opgeleid onderduiker te zijn. Ook de gastvrouw/gastheer hadden zich niet voorbereid op het hebben van onderduikers. �/ - 4 - Angst - spanning en de kans om opgepakt te worden. Er was een voortdurend tekort aan de meest elementaire dingen van ons bestaan. De gezinnen waren meestal van elkaar gescheiden. Zonder op de hoogte te zijn van elkaars toestand. Ik heb het al meer gezegd dat vooral onze vrouwen in die situatie het zwaar hebben gehad. Daar heb ik bewondering voor! Grote bewondering. Gelukkig ging het meestal goed. Onderduikers en hun gast v rouw/gastheer konden goed met elkaar opschieten. Ve l e n werden vrienden voor het leven. De meeste onderduikers waren te vinden in de kleine huisjes. Niet velen waren zo gelukkig dat ze als de kleine Mozes konden onderduiken in het paleis van de dochter van de Farao van Egypte. Hoewel zijn eerste onderduik-adres in een biezen kistje tussen het riet van de Nijl was ook niet geweldig. Mozes was denk ik één van de eerste onderduikers. Na hem zijn er de gehele geschiedenis door Joden gevlucht en ondergedoken voor de achtervolgers. �, . / - 5 - We kennen de geschiedenis van het Joodse volk. Vanuit de Bij~el werd ons verteld van de oorsprong van het Jodendom. De geschiedenis van een volk dat zich ondanks vervolging en vernedering wist te handhaven. Vanuit de gehele wereld zijn ze in onze dagen terug gekomen naar het oude land Israël. Ook nu weer zijn ze omringd door vijanden die ze naar het lev e n staan. Chaim Potok zegt in zijn boek omzwervingen: "hoe komt het dat er na dit alles nog steeds Joden bestaan? "Ik schrijf dit boek in Jeruzalem en in bepaalde steden in Amerika en Europa. Ik schrijf het in het bloedigste tijdperk v an de geschiedenis van mijn volk, misschien zelfs van de geschiedenis van de mensheid. Wie in dit tijdperk joods is, beseft enerzijds ten volle dat het einde van de menselijke soort mogelijk is en gelooft anderzijds hardnekkig dat we zullen overleven". �,--~------------~- - 6 - Wij hebben een klein stukje van die Joodse geschiedenis met zijn mysterieuze en verbijsterende aspecten meegemaakt. Aan den lijve ondervonden. Wij zijn niet trots op die kleine rol die we mochten spelen in het grote verhaal van de Joodse geschiedenis. We zijn dankbaar dat er ondanks de gruwelen van de jaren 1940-1945 10.000 joden mochten blijven leven. Vooral dankbaar ook dat de bevrijding mocht worden meebeleefd door de 4000 joodse kinderen die v anuit de schuilplaatsen tevoorschijn kwamen. ~aar het is onmogelijk om daarbij niet te denken aan de 104.000 Nederlandse Joden die werden vermoord. Deze gemeente Haarlemmermeer heeft 26 dorpen en dorpjes; er wonen bijna 100.000 mensen. We kunnen ook vandaag niet vergeten de joodse onderduikers die zijn gevonden door de Hitler knechten. We schamen ons voor het verraad uit ons eigen volk. We denken aan de gastvrouwen/ gastheren die mee zijn opgepakt en nooit meer terug kwamen, of voor hun leven lang kapot gemaakt waren. Dank u wel voor de onderscheiding die u ons gaf. Niet trots. Dankbaar dat we iets mochten doen voor onze medemens. We zijn bevoorrechte mensen! � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_WRI_1990-11-01-Address-Yad-Vashem Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Pieter Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1990-11-01 Title A name given to the resource Uitreiking Yad Vashem onderscheiding in het Raadhuis te Hoofddorp Description An account of the resource Address at the presentation of the Yad Vashem award at the Town Hall of Hoofddorp by Pieter N. Termaat, November 1, 1990. In Dutch Subject The topic of the resource Righteous Gentiles in the Holocaust World War, 1939-1945 -- Jews -- Rescue Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource nl Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/bc79cec9d36b8c39d9d262eb6272bfb0.pdf 848f5a7a4ae98f2fd836740edaa4eac1 PDF Text Text 1 ~ Economics in The Netherlands 1940 _ 1945 ( f/R-1.. r' 0 CCV f 11 ~rl..._, Its impact on our family. The two of us joined the National Youth Union ( Nationaal Jongeren Verbond) in 1932 upon the initiation of the West Friesland Chapter. At that time there were chapters in all parts of the Kingdom of The Netherlands with a combined membership of 1,500. These chapters formed a catalyst among loyal citizen groups on national holidays and attracted students with historical and patriotic lectures throughout the year. We felt at home because of the shared moral and patriotic high gro1.md. In those crucial years we worked with men and women, courageous , idealistic and dedicated to a degree at that time seldom seen in other youth groups. The group was preceded in 1927 by a youth organization which directed its efforts against the marxist propaganda for unilateral disarmament. The transformation to the National Youth Union under the honorary chairpersonship of her Royal Highness the Crown Princess Juliana came later. Besides the goal to strive for a strong national defense (Europe, so shortly after the carnage of World War I was beginning to come to a boil again) the organization came out strongly for the unity of our kingdom as it had existed for centuries in Europe, Asia and South America. Just before we married on April 18, 1939, the pre-mobilization command· was issued for specialist and strategic regiments. Total mobilization followed on August 29, 1939 .Recalling the often critical shortages during Netherlands' neutrality from war during 1914-1918, a distribution system of supplies was instituted in Se~tember. Ration cards were issued under the management of the Centraal Distributie Kantoor (Central Distribution office) in the Department of Commerce, Industry and Shipping • Allocation of food supplies was administered by the Department of Agriculture. With foresight the cabinet had stockpiled critical items such as wheat, vegetable oil, rice, gasoline, coffee and tea. After the capitulation to the German armed forces on May 14, 1940, our youth organization was the one which kept a steady course and participated on June 29th, 1940 in the national public celebration of Prince Bernhard's birthday. Everywhere people wore a white carnation ( Prince Bernhard's favorite) and at the Royal Palace in The Hague and at Royal monuments flowers piled up. Thousands signed the palace register of congratulation, which was later confiscated by the Nazi's. Orange buttons and bunting were featured everywhere • In our monthly "De Tram" (The drum) we encouraged people to stay loyal to the Queen and to ~ur fatherland and to ignore as much as possible the German presence. After June 29th, 2 members of our national board, van Santen and Schiebergen were arrested and our organization was accorded the high honor of becoming the first organization to be banned .We the members transfered to the first organization declared illegal by the invaders. This was the O.D. (order service) consisted of military personnel. From 1940 to August 1944 the daily ration for adults was about half of the pre-war consumption in terms of calories. In these four years the average ration amolm.ted to less than 1500 calories. This did not present a famine level, but did lea.d to progressive weakening of human energy and resistance to disease. O.£ At that time no refrirators or freezers were in use; mostly the temperate climate ranging from 20 to 70 Fahrenheit, did not make it necessary. So, thrown into war circumstances, your ability to stock up, besides financial considerations1was limited to non-perishables. So, we could stock home-canned foods, which were not popular outside farming communities. �2 Economics in The Netherlands 1940-1945 Its impact on our family. If r !lDRin-tlR ;;,,·c>l16L , ADfl..J/1111/l _IJ !~;'?fl{lf/t 1 , 1 11 DIV/lfdfi ' And then there was a psychological factor at work. That what was made available on ration cards, was purchased whether it was needttl or not that week or fortnight. A good example was the purchase of cigars, cigarett1_s and pipe tobacco. Non-smokers purchased what became available gave it i'o family members gr friends or used .ns,d;- it as barter or sold it at a higher price i/1v #..L. ,t.,C..c.-(. -n, ~e-'f. From September 1939 to May ,1940, when the occupation by enemy forces became a fact, only sugar and peas were rationed , although in adequate quantity and with reasonable frequency. What worked against the people was, that they had only begun of late to recover from the terrible depression of 1929 to 1938. And so clothing, household items, furniture and other basic necessities were already depleted ~ the start of the war • In the eight months ending December 1940, the German authorities added 22 rationed goods, affecting 70% of the average family's consumption. By November 1943, 95~ of the diet was rationed. After the disastrous failing of the British Airborne attack at Arnhem in September 1944, food rationing was decentralized and became a local responsibility. The size of the rations and its content depended on what was on hand locally. Further1 the German army closed off the western seab9ard provinces by a 20 miles long~cordon running from the Rhine river just west of Arnhem to the Zuiderzee. These provinces, the most heavily populated of the country suffered terribly. The order of Nazi govenor Seyss Inquart to embargo all shipments of food to the west of that cordon was a major factor for the starvation rations. In the west food rationing in October 1944 dropped to 1300 calories per person per week: in November to 950 calories; in December to 550; and in January 1945 to 340 calories. The north-eastern provinces: Groningen, Friesland, Drente and Overijssel managed to scrape by on 1300 calories per person per week from September 1944 to May 1945 • . ()t,,l,t., The h,mger reached us as well and weakened the health of,~ family. Infections were chronic. And then on November 9th 1944 (the birthday of father C.B.Termaat) .Jarm:ie had a premature birth at about 4½ months • Warned by our doctor Willem Verdonk who was in fear of her life, I came home that night out of hiding to be with her. Doctor Verdonk assisted us. It was a boy, so tiny in death, his features resembling those of Keith and M:Yte • But there was no time to lose , I had to be gone by d'awn • A box had to serve as coffin and with our prayers I carried him oupide and in the backyard I dug a grave • Then Jm:t!d:e and I said our goodb~S::1 and I left again for my hiding place, to continue the bitter struggle. ~ did not get _adequate food to regain her strength ; het mainstay was thin buttermilk porridge. A neigborlady_gave up some of her rations "you need it more than me-'' was all she said • Towards the end of December we decided that a visit had to be paid to Oma Schuurman' s relatives., still living on active farms to seek food • J&ir.flie~ s sister Lyda and I met the day after Christmas early in the morning on the road to Purmerend. One bicycle had no tires at all and the other tires were in bad shape. We had planned to go through the Schermer polder towards Purmerend , and from there to the ferry in Amsterdam harbor if! .it seemed safe. �J Economics in The Netherlands 1940-1945 Its impact on our family. ... 1"llfl.0W1V A little ways out of Alkmaar there was bad news : the Germans had flooded the polder to head off airborne attack. We rode the bicycles through the water as long as we could, but finally had to walk. With cold wet legs we reached Purmerend, and could then proceed along the canal towards Amsterdam • At the ferry we scanned for German uniforms and crossed safely. We chose to find our way through east Amsterdam, thus avoiding the center, which we knew was infested with the Nazi's. Reaching the outskirts we went the last few miles to Diemen where we took the country road to Over-Diemen. Just east of the Amsterdam-Rhine canal lay the farm of Oma Schuurman's brother, nestled along the Zuiderzee dike. We were cordially received; a warm meal was set and then butter, cheese and some bacon were given to take home. This was the family farm of the Hennipman's (Oma Schuurman's maiden name) Oma Schuurman born in 1889 and·Ju_-,.ie her oldest daughter born in 1916 were both born right thefrt, in the same room in the same bedstead. We took our leave and chose the road to the west to cross the canal on our way to Hoofddorp, south of Schiphol; Arriving at the canal we saw that the bridge we had anticipated was under construction. The pilings, the side railings and a one foot ledge existed on which the steel beams were to be laid for the roaddeck. But neither the beams nor the deck were there. There was no choice, we had to cross. I took one bike under rrry arm held onto the railing and walked over the ledge to the other side. ~-'• Fifteen feet below 1 the water with floating ice did look uninviting in ~ gathering dusk. Coming back I carried the second bike the same way, and then helped Lyda across. Again riding the biclycles we passed close to SchipholVwhere we encotmtered a heavy fog. Finding the main road to Hoofddorp was not easy, but we did find i t . Suddenly we heard a voice calling : 11 Wer da" , German for who goes • We heard the bolt of a rifle I, said nothing and speeded along the Middenweg till we reached the Roodenburg farm • Opa Schuurman' s eldeet sister was married to Jacob Roodenburg. Again the reception was cordial. They fed us and as it had become dark, we were invited to stay overnight. After breakfast we were given amply from what the farm produced: several bags of beans an:i peas • These too would go a long way to supplement the starvation diet on which we could not subsist. We thanked the Roodenburg's and took off, carefully watching out for enemy checkpoints and platoons of the "Landwacht" a particular vicious uniformed group of Dutch nazi's who roamed about roughing people up, sometimes arresting them, and confiscating what they had on them. We talked to people before proceeding in one direction or another We decided to return to Alkmaar by circling wide around Schiphol Airport in the direction of Velsen, where a ferry could bring us across the$ wide and deep canal which runs from Amsterdam harbor to the North Sea. Once across we would have a choice of roads leading towards Alkmaar. We made it safely across but shortly afterwards lost another tire. We managed to reach Limmen, a village several miles south of Alkmaar and as dusk was setting in over the unlit road, proceeded slowly with our precious load along the main road, On reaching Alkmaar we took the smaller side streets, which were ,<l{i so familiar to us and reached Oma's Schuurman's house just before curfew time �... 4 Economics in The Netherlands 1940 - 1945 Its impact on our family. ' I Because of Jarmie' s weakened condition • Oma. Schuurman took her and Keith and Nico in her apartment in Alkmaar in February 1945. after the house in Broek was closed; all our possessions had been gathered into one large room in Broek which we had then secured with a heavy lock. The remainder of the house was rented out to a refugee family • V J hJ v />/Ill£ rvrs Opa and Oma Termaatv'were helped by former soldiershwho were farmers , but by March 1945 they as well as everybody in Oma S-chuurman's house were again , .il reduced to a level of scarcity which begged for some supplement. ~ lf-,"rtif~wMm- ~Also by then captain Vels Heyn¥was in need of food for resistance fighters , already hidden in the city • " ; ., .,._~tJfl J. lt!ll.l-~ I walked one day along the back roads to the Langedijk where I knew a man by:il'd~:r,11 V Tll.AtltpoP.:r the name of Jonker , who operated a one manybusiness with a fla-t?'wagon with 'la · canvas sides and top. I found him willing to make the trip from Broek to Alkmaar. Several farmers I knew very well were willing to sell us onions, potatoes, huge carrots1 in better days used for horse fodder and cabbage at reasonable prices. I then ventured into the city of Alkmaar to a friend's house who was the district president of the Chamber of Coll'IDlerce. We discussed the problems I faced and what I had done so far to transport food • He was able to locate a dozen or so large sturdy crates at no cost as long as they were returned intact. So Jonker picked up the crates which filled his wagon and brought them to the village of Broek. There the crates were filled at various locations. When I had familiarized Jonker with the destination - the house of Opa and Oma Termaat, a day was chosen for the transport. Jonker. sitting on ~fibox gently guided his horse at a leasurely pace. ' I He managed to get into Alkmaar across thedcanal bridge for traffic t P~l..51111-i torqll eastern directions and unloaded the crates with our help into the small barn in the back of the elder Termaat's house. During the following days after dusk set in, but well before curfew, an orderly distribution was effected. For many it was a lifeline for the last 6 weeks of the occupation. No one tried to profit 'lll'lseemly from this operation. At the start of the war , no one knew what the future would bring nor how long the occupation would last. But one steely conviction we held liberation from this evil regime must come. It would later be said that the imperviousness of the Dutch people as a whole to Nazi contamination must be credited to the basic characteristics of its society rather than to external circumstances. Foremost was the fact that in Holland the family and the churches had not abdicated their character-shaping and opinion forming functions to the state and to political groupings • The primary family unit and the churches were comparatively inaccessible to the Nazi ideology and could not be made to conJ:orm/. llbl?.l/lt,/4-5 )( � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_WRI_Economics-1941-1945 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Pieter Title A name given to the resource Economics in the Netherlands, 1940-1945: Its impact on our family Description An account of the resource Essay by Pieter Termaat describing the economic conditions in the Netherlands during the Nazi Occupation. Subject The topic of the resource Dutch World War, 1939-1945 -- Netherlands World War, 1939-1945--Occupied territories Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/61c5db2c80dc63b88439d28c4da87bbf.pdf 5ef334244767c60a48f8646958f1ff00 PDF Text Text OUR FATHERLAND Prologue ''Tomorrow at )lawn, stand fast", read the coded message from Major Sas, Netherlands' military atta~ in Berlin to Army Head Quarters in The Hague. Our strict \ neutrality violated? Yes. Just another broken promise from Hitler. Naively, too many in responsible positions underestimated the evil that existed across the border. Half a dozen broken promises between 1935 and 1939. Under the surface of the fast developing events ran the deep feelings of our people; the shock of the attacks, the unexpected speed of the defeat after the torching of Rotterdam, and the slow adjustment to the status of an occupied nation. And then, the at first difficult to discern, but irresistible tightening of the screw of oppression. Then the moral angle. Where do I call a halt? Are we sliding from bad to worse? Where is the fine line between right and wrong? Between good and evil? Some people were confronted at an early moment with a moral choice, some for the sake of principle, others because circumstances had placed them in a particular situation, at a certain time, which demanded a fast and clear-cut decision. But in those five years of occupation, too many were never confronted with a sharply defined cho~ce. As for the Resistance, one also had to judge each situation as it took place at that time. In the afternoon of Tuesday, May 141 1940 the military surrender of the Netherlands, with the exception of the province of Zeeland and the Netherlands' East and West Indies, 'b~came .a fact. Further resistance in the face of the overw e ~ blOJY _Of the fall of all oF . -·-·---- ---- - - L.:. -~ -- western Europe from the North Cape iri Norway --to the Spanish border in 10 short weeks, �2 appeared useless. The Nazi's were there. How were they to be thrown out? An early expectation of that was unrealistic. But to get along meant to perish as a free and I democratic nation. No resistance of some kind meant to perish. For the mc!n'ient resistance / ' from ~thin seemed the only and long road left to be liberated. Awareness that resistance would face repercussions was painfully acute. Very limited at first, growing stronger as the barbaric tyrant forced tragic decisions on o_u r people, the varied resistance groups, unprepared, inexperienced, began to fight back with determination and against great odds. Many generations had passed since they had to face so sharply a choice between survival and extinction. For the past, its benefits, its tradition and determined striving for freedom, we were grateful. Not since the murderous Spanish Inquisition had a generation been faced with so clear a choice of destiny. All that we were as a people was laid as a trust upon our generation. To fight the good fight for a free country, perhaps in ruins, as a sure foundation on which our children would build the country anew as had our ancestors. Freedom, true justice and honor, with our inherent strength, had always prevailed. In our generation, the times past, and the times to come focused together, when history and prophesy called our generations to our sacred duty to God, Queen, and Fatherland. Our personal active participation in the Resistance started right after the Netherlands' capitulation, which was caused by the destructive bombing of Rotterdam on - May 14, 1940. We could then only anticipate that the occupation, just started, would not be over soon. �3 My dad was an aide-de-camp with an Infantry Regiment, engaged in the count~/ / / attack against the German breakthrough west of Arnhem. !n 1940 the population of the Netherlands had pas·sed the nine million mark, of which 150,000 were Jews, a ratio of about one and a half percent. Ninety percent of the Jewish minority lived and worked in Amsterdam, while the remaining 10% were to be found across the eleven provinces. In our hometown of Alkmaar, there were about fifty Jews, on a population of approximately 34,000. We started the Underground started in August, 1940 with press releases from England. It would continue until May 8, 1945 at a rising cost in lives. Nobody escaped the pressure of a pure material choice, forced upon the people through the ever tightening clamp of war-economy on food, clothing, transportation, and the ever diminishing opportunity for relaxation and respite. The net, in which we were caught, pulled ever tighter as gold, silver, gold, copper, bronze (coins and artifact), radios, bicycles and food, obtained on 'hunger trips', was confiscated. The dark shadows of self esteem, stolen by being chased by the slave haulers, and forced to hard labor at hunger rations far from home, became a way of life. _ _ - ' Gradually the resistance grew. It began to express itself in seveE._al forms. At the same time many varian~es of collaboration became manifest. Only few acted on principle, most were based on opportunistic grounds, because Germany at that time seemed to be on top. �I I 4 / In the occupied countries of Europe, the Nazis ruled in several cµfferent ways, I / adapting tactics which all served their - purpose. Naive underestimation of( the real designs / of nazism, fascism and corporatism was the rule. It was wishful thinking to not hear, see I and understand. Nazi Germany instituted the draft in 1933, grabbed the Rhineland in 1936, joined Austria with 99.75% of the vote in 1938 and its "homecoming" in the Third Reich, and annexed the Sudeten territory in Czechoslovakia in 1939. These acts, _aggravated by England's and France's complicity, were as many violations of good faith as any astute observer should need to arrive at the only possible judgement: 'Who is next and what can be done about it'. Nov. 9, 1938: The infamous Kristall Nacht takes place. Fifty years later, on November 9, 1988 I have the honor to address the congregation of Temple Emanuel, and the 'Congregation Ahavas Israel' in Grand Rapids, Michigan in commemoration of this unforgettable event as follows: "It is with great sadness that we commemorate together the infamy of fifty years ago, of what has become known as 'Kristan Nacht' or 'Night of Glass'. It happened less than a year before Poland was partitioned between Germany and Russia. In March of 1938 Hitler's armies had been invited into Austria, and that country was in its entirety integrated. Austria had among its population 185,000 Jews; many of whom were arrested and sent to the concentration camp of Dachau. But among these were 20,000 - Jews with Polish nationality, who tried after the German-Austrian unification (Der L Anschluss ), to return to Poland. The Polish government refused to take them back, and SS �5 General Heydrich had these 20,000 people loaded on trains and dropped off at the Polish border where they, exposed to the elements, wandered about in a no-man's land. After some six months an accord was struck between Germany and Poland, whereby each country took in half of these helpless refugees. The inhumane conditions in which these twenty thousand people lived for six months aroused widespread sympathy in Europe, but little practical help - for two reasons. To reach them deep inside Europe during the tense situation already existing between Germany and Poland was virtually impossible. In the second place,~ western European governments were hesitant, even loath allowing Jewish refugees into their countries. Hitler's mad ravings over the radio had intimidated many of these so-called statesmen. During that horrible fall of 1938, Dutch journalists covered the news along the border with Germany, and bitter indeed were their memories. For example, they saw a six months old baby lying on the luggage counter in the Customs building at the border post of Oldenzaal, without its parents. Not being able to get away themselves, the parents had apparently put their baby in a train compartment destined for Holland. And there it was, between the luggage, crying. But the Government's dictum stood: 'it did not want any more refugees', and the smuggled baby was sent back to Bentheim, across the ~order. After the war, the prominent journalist Bakker received a phone call. An English speaking lady wanted to come and see him. The young woman he met was unknown to him. She showed him a picture of a healthy set of twins and said: 'Without your help these children would never have been born.' Confused, the reporter looked up. Then she said: 'Kerkrade', and that's when Bakker made the connection - a small Dutch restaurant close �6 to the border, and two young people cowering in a corner; across the road a German border guard waiting to take them back. They had fled from the gruesome violence of Kristan Nacht and had fled to the Netherlands, trusting on its noble tradition of asylum. An officer of the ~tate Police arrived to hand them over. The man cursed from indignation at this task. Bakker asked him to delay the matter and called the Department of Justice in The Hague. Twice they turned his request for asylum down. The restaurant owner advised the young couple to throw a couple of stones through the window of the Police station. After al1, a Dutch jail was always preferable over going back to Germany. But the young man shook his head and said; "Ach nein, die Hollaendische Behoerden haben uns <loch anstaendig behaendelt." ("Rather not, the Dutch policemen have treated us decently"). Bakker managed to negotiate another half hour's delay, and called the Justice Department again and told them: "This is my third call, and I want you to know that I will dip my pen in poison and publish this nationwide. I have sufficient influence to bring this matter up in Congress. So, unless these two people can stay, only then will I be silenced." It worked. They were allowed to stay, and after the war Bakker sat there as he fumbled with a picture of the twins. It was alas but one exception to the Dutch government's rule. Among the first Jews to be rounded up for the no-man's land between Germany and Poland were the Grynszpans, whose son, Hershell, was a student in Paris. Unsettled by the fate of this parents, he shot and killed Ernst von Rath, Third Secretary of the German Embassy in Paris. It shocked the always hysterical atmosphere in the Nazi Party and - inflamed it to such an extent that Hitler gave the order to attack all Jews in their homes and business on November 9, 1938. In one night two hundred synagogues went up in flames; �7 eight thousand storefronts were devastated, and shattered plate glass littered German streets. It was later estimated that the destroyed plate glass represented half a year's production of the Belgian plate glass industry, from which it had been imported. Eight hundre~ stores were plundered and thirty five jews murdered. Thirty thousand Jewish men were arrested and put into the concentration camps of Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald and Dachau. After six weeks they were set free; but only after an additional four hundred had been murdered. A fine of one million Deutsch marks was imposed, and one fifth of their investments confiscated. Poor Jews would no longer be eligible for social care and were concentrated in work camps. Theaters, musea, public parks and swimming pools became off limits for Jews. Their children were removed from every level of schooling, and the total number of Jews in Germany, three hundred thousand (about one percent of the population and unarmed) were concentrated in Berlin and Vienna. Protest rallies were held all over Europe, but to no avail. The churches in Holland remained totally committed to helping the Jews, and the number of their martyrs, after they themselves were subjected to five years of occupation, testifies to that eloquently. The only concession before the war was that children would be admitted in limited numbers, without their parents. England would accept ten thousand; Belgium one thousand; France six hundred; Switzerland three hundred; The Netherlands one thousand five hundred and Sweden two hundred and fifty. It proved too little, too late. It had been night, and now it was day- KRISTALL NACHT- Night of Glass - had made its horrible mark in history. �8 After my years at Almere College, my parents sent me to the Pedagogic Academy in Alkmaar, where I stayed with my grandparents until my parents and brother followed me from Kampen out there, half a year later. I graduated in 1933 and continued my studies towards a Masters degree in education. Due to the financial pressures of the depression, severe budget cuts had to be made by the schools and, as a result, the maximum number of great school students per class, which until now had stood fixed at 25, was with one stroke of the pen increased to 45. Consequently, there were massive lay-offs of teachers, and for us newcomers there was no chance whatsoever to find employment. After seven months I finally landed a job with the local government. It was a very modest position of paymaster with the job description of 'Computing Unemployment Benefits', and controlling payments in cash on Wednesday afternoons. I switched my studies to Accounting and Economics at the Business Institute in the city of Leiden, which I completed in just two years, and on April 18, 1939, in spite of the increasing threats of war, Janny and I were married. August 28. 1939: Mobilization of the Netherlands 200,000 soldiers and sailors total now: 300,000 September 1, 1939: Germany attacks Poland. England and France declare war on Germany. �9 Jan. 13-April 9, 1940: The Netherlands are put on general alert. April 19, 1940: The Netherlands are in state of siege. ~ur first son was born on April 27th, 1940 and named Cornelus Barend, after his paternal grandfather. It had been a tense night at the Termaat's home. It had been a very difficult birth, with labor lasting two days. ·However now, although exhausted, Janny and Kees were doing well, and with the assistance of a registered nurse, good food and a few nights of sound sleep, the young mother would soon be back on the road to recovery. Unfortunately, this could not be said about the political situation of the country, as newspapers and radio news broadcasts were reflecting the tense international situation at the eastern border with Germany. Bridges had been mined, ready to be blown up at a moment's notice, and road blocks were in readiness. The water table had been allowed to rise slowly. For the western part of the country, which was situated below sea level, this meant flooded meadows and farm land. The western half of the country lies below sea level. An intricate pumping system, taking place in several steps, drained the excess water from the lowest level in several steps to sea level. May 10, 1940: Germany invades The Netherlands. A little before 4:00 a.m. German planes were heard flying overhead in formation. It wasn't the first time. They had been flying across Holland ever since Poland had fallen and �10 England and France had declared war on Germany. As a result, the Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs had ordered the German Ambassador to his office, protesting strongly against this violation of our neutrality, but it had been of no avail. The German planes continu~d to fly across. Was this going to be just another attack on England? It didn't take very long to find out that it wasn't. Half way across the North Sea, the Nazi squadrons had turned their planes around, splitting up into separate formations, entering low across the Dutch dunes, attacking the airports of Ypenburg, Valkenburg, Bergen and Ockenburg, in a surprise attack, largely destroying the small Dutch Air Force. Nazi paratroopers landed at the airports around The Hague, the seat of the Dutch Government, and the residency of the Royal family. Although many parachutes did not open, too many of them did. Besides The Hague and the above mentioned airports, paratroopers also landed at the Waalhaven airport, across the Meuse River, south of Rotterdam, and on the two Moerdijk bridges, the bridgeheads across the main rivers to the south. They were right on target in order to cut off any attacks by French troops and their armor, which were moving north, through Flanders, to attack the southern flank of the German army. Smaller para units jumped at the De Kooi airfield near the naval base of Den Helder, and near IJmuiden, where one of the major canals, which was also a major water transport connection with Amsterdam reaches the North Sea. Around The Hague Dutch Army Reserves consisted of a well trained battalion of Grenadiers and untrained Reserve troops, barely six week under arms. Between 4:00 and 5:00 a.m. of May 10th, German troop carriers landed one thousand troops for the attack and consolidated of the three airfields around The Hague. Fifty seven �11 of the carriers immediately sank up to their axles in the soft soil, and for the next three days became the target of the attacking Dutch troops, which either killed or captured the entire German attack force. ~n the meantime however, heavy German bombers (Heinkels) attacked strategic bridges in . Rotterdam, Dordrecht and Moerdijk at high cost. The Dutch air defense destroyed five hundred of them, including the previously mentioned transpo~ planes, which during the five-day war had become stuck in the soft soil and sandy beaches. These losses would hurt Germany for years to come. Most of the enemy planes were piloted by instructors. Nevertheless the German air force kept flying into The Netherlands through the same air corridors for five days. Losses on the Dutch side were considerable, as one hundred and twenty eight officers, two hundred and seventy nine non-commissioned officers, one hundred and sixty four corporals and one thousand four hundred and ninety one soldiers lost their lives. Six thousand nine hundred soldiers were wounded and two thousand one hundred and fifty nine citizens killed. Shot as traitors in the field were two officers, one non-commissioned officer and two soldiers. The Navy lost one hundred and twenty five men. Army officers counted for four percent of the army's strength, six percent of which were killed in action. The reason behind the German Headquarter's estimation to defeat the Dutch armed forces in 24 hours, was that they had counted heavily on the success of their airborne landings around The Hague. This would be a first in military warfare of vertical attack. - According to German military sources, the 22nd Luftlande Division (Airborne troops) sustained very heavy losses, both in men and material. Twelve hundred para troops were �12 captured, and at order of General Winkelman, C.I.C, Army Chief of Staff, these were immediately transported to England, an action which threw Hitler into one of his tantrums. The German air attack force used the instructors from the air force training school to fly t~e attack planes. They were not easy to replace. German losses in bombers and fighters amounted to one third of the force sent into combat. Transport planes lost fifty percent of their total force. Such losses were felt for years to come and were a factor in the delay of the attack on England in September of 1940. General Winkelman decreed that the defense industry was not allowed to work for Germany. Gas and oil use for the German attack on Western Europe amounted to three hundred thousand tons. They captured one and one half million tons in Holland, Belgium and France, of which half a million in The Netherlands alone. Elsewhere, German troops had crossed the rivers Rhine and Ijssel and established bridgeheads despite heavy casualties. They wondered why the dead float? Why the wounded sink?" The mid-country railroad center of Amersfoort lay now in the line of attack. As a result, the Chief of Staff ordered the complete evacuation of that city and its surrounding areas to the city of Alkmaar in the northwest. Forty thousand people arrived by trains and buses, hoping to find shelter with the local citizens. It was a chaotic and pitiful scene, as bus loads and train loads of people arrived with only the clothes on their backs. Janny and I opened our doors to a family with five of their ten children. The remaining five children were placed with our neighbors across the street. Unsettled by the �13 events however, they naturally gravitated towards their parents. Most of the evacuees dared not imagine what could happen if the war machine would roll over their city. The fear that they might lose their homes, their businesses and all their personal belongings worried them greatly. The, situation at our home had become chaotic, to say the least. Seven guests were sleeping in the one and only guest room, in a home with only one bathroom. And all this, while Janny was slowly trying to recuperate from a difficult childbirth. To complicate matters, I was called up for air reconnaissance duty in the city, but thanks to my mother and our family doctor, who stopped by on his regular house calls to check on Janny and Kees, we made it through until a larger home was found for our seven guests. Next, we received a young mother with one child, whose husband had been drafted and could not be contacted. After one month our guests were able to return home. Their city had been spared serious destruction. Due to the strong counter attacks by the Dutch, the German plans to take over Holland in twenty four hours failed, and the battle continued from Friday into the following Tuesday. Frustrated, the Germans forced the issue by bombing Rotterdam on May 14, resulting in the loss of nine hundred civilians and the destruction of twenty four thousand homes, two thousand five hundred stores, one thousand two hundred businesses, five hundred restaurants, seventy schools, twenty one churches, twenty 1:_ank buildings, twelve movie theaters, four hospitals and two concert halls. To prevent destructions of other open cities, which already had been targeted by Nazi �14 squadrons, Holland at last capitulated. Our country was now occupied territory, as were Norway, Denmark, and Belgium. France was soon to follow, and the British expeditionary force was evacuated, stripped of all armaments. Immediately, the German army began to prepare_for the attack on England. Inland shipping vessels were requisitioned for use as landing boats in this attack, known as the 'Battle of Britain'. However, after the Battle, none of these ships were ever returned to their rightful owners. Queen Wilhelmina and the Royal Family, as well as the Dutch Cabinet left for London, England, from where they continued to govern the East and West Indies. Only Queen Wilhelmina and Prime Minister Gerbrandy stayed within the city of London during the entire war from 1940 to 1945. The other cabinet members preferred the luxurious estate of Crowe Court near Worcester. In a country dominated by the commercial middle class, any authoritarian tradition had remained weak. An absolute monarchy had never developed, and during the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century a parliamentary democracy had evolved, and without major upheavals. Conquest was indeed a shattering experience for the Dutch people. Reverend Welter, the minister of the gospel to the Royal Court expressed the overall feelings best in his poem: �15 ''No, you did not flee but followed, when God called; I don't ask what you went through, a battle, so intense, so painful. We kneel down with you and beside you, with our eyes and hands raised to God; Please give Holland back to the House of Orange, and the House of Orange back to Holland. And come what may, we pray, stay silent, the night is black, the day draped in black, but iord, Your will be done." On German orders all windows had to be covered with black paper shades, so that no glimpse of light would shine through. (Kees told us years later of his fear of uncovered windows. Likely from impressions received at the age of two). Children were not allowed to fly kites any more out of fear that they might signal to British planes flying over! Really! The Wehrmacht, the soldiers belonging to the regular army units, were astounded by, what they called, 'the luxurious life style' in Holland, compared to the pre-war economy that had been ravaging Germany for some time. Bakeries and tobacco stores were swamped with soldiers. It should be said however, that they paid for what they bought, at least for the time being. When the Dutch prisoners of war returned home in July 1940, we heard many stories, about empty store windows, women without stockings, and badly worn shoes. Surely, the depression years had hit Holland too, and hard, but the availability of food and merchandise had been ample. However it was not going to last. Within a few months of the occupation we were beginning to notice the first shortages as certain food items and other products were rationed, which aggravated, as people started to stock up in anticipation of worse times to come. �16 Rationing, in principle, is a flexible system, which can be controlled by determining quantities and valid time periods, both of which can be either increased or decreased. Retailers will only be able to stock their merchandise by delivering the ration coupons, receive~ from the consumers, back to the wholesaler, who in tum can replenish his stock by delivering the ration coupons to the government inventory warehouses. As a result, a retailer who sells items without receiving ration coupons, cannot restock, etc. This would have been too simple however, and the administration of the ever expanding rationing system for manufacturers, stores and farmers became very burdensome and very time consuming. It qualified by and by as a national food stamp plan, expanded to include also non-food items. The following is a list of the first rations in 1940: Bread, Flour, Coffee and Tea; Butter, Margarine, Cooking Oil, Rice, Noodles, Corn, Flour, Soap and Detergent; September: Meat and Cold Cuts; October: Coal, Cheese (4 ounces per person per week); November: Grits, Eggs, Baked Goods; December: Cooking Gas and Electricity; When I arrived home one day, it must have been around lunch time, I found Janny and Kees gone. Concerned, I called both sets of parents, but no one seemed to know where �17 they had gone. Our neighbors had seen her leave the house earlier that day with the baby in the carriage. Finally, at the end of the day, she showed up, exhausted, but happy nevertheless. Frightened by the shortages, she had gone out and visited every store that had wool for sale, a commodity which was still available in ·nominal quantities without ration coupons. Bit by bit, she had been able to fill the baby carriage, hiding it underneath the baby. Tired as she was, her toughness and persistence proved to be providential in the years ahead, and for what would then be our two children. Our modest savings soon began to run low, but not until I had managed to buy a case of twelve bottles of peanut oil at a friend's wholesale business. Meanwhile, the German tactics showed a clear goal: By all means, keep the population calm. After the battles during the month of May, life continued somewhat peaceful, keeping the occupied country calm. Before the war I had served in the National Guard and as a member in leadership position in the N.J.V., a national youth movement of which Her Royal Highness, the Crown Princess Juliana, was honorary Chairwoman. The N.J.V. became the first organization to be banned by the Germans, and among the rank and file of its membership were the first Resistance commandos to be executed in 1940. Shortly after the fall of Holland I met Sam Wolf, the son of the Rabbi of Alkmaar. Like myself, he too had been a member of the National Youth Organization since 1932. Sam was depressed. The Amsterdam newspapers had publicized the death of some �18 prominent Jewish people. We were all aware that there had been many suicides, but except for vile language, until this moment nothing had been openly undertaken against the Jews. This too, however, proved to be just another tactic to lull the people into a passive frame of mind. Janny and I had joined the 'Nationaal Jongeren Verbond' (National Youth Union) in 1932 following the initiation of the West Friesland Chapter. At that time there were chapters in all parts of the Kingdom of the Netherlands with a combined membership of 1,500. These chapters formed a catalyst among loyal citizen groups on national holidays and attracted students who would give historical and patriotic lectures throughout the year. We felt at home because of the shared moral and patriotic high ground. In those crucial years we worked alongside men and women who were courageous, idealistic and dedicated to a degree which until that time had seldom been seen among other youth groups. Our group had been preceded in 1927 by a youth organization, which mainly directed its efforts against the marxist propaganda for unilateral disarmament. Its transformation to the National Youth Union under the honorary chairpersonship of her Royal Highness the Crown Princess Juliana didn't come until later. Besides the goal to strive for a strong national defense, (not too long after the carnage of World War I, Europe was slowly coming to a boil once again), the organization came out strongly for the unity of our kingdom as it had existed for centuries, not only in The Netherlands, but also in the Dutch East Indies, from Sumatra through New Guinea, the islands of Aruba, Bonaire and Curacao in the West Indies, and last but not least Suriname. �19 Just prior to our wedding day on April 18, 1939, an order for pre-mobilization of specialists and strategic regiments was issued. Total mobilization followed on August 29. 1939. Recalling all too well the often critical shortages during 1914-1918, the years of The Nether!ands' neutrality in World War I, a distribution system was instituted in September of that year. Ration cards were issued under the management of the Centraal Distributie Kantoor ( Central Distribution Office) in · the Department of Commerce,. Industry and Shipping. Allocation of food supplies was administered by the Department of Agriculture. Thanks to proper foresight, the Cabinet had stockpiled such critical items as wheat, vegetable oil, rice, gasoline, coffee and tea. After the capitulation to the German Armed Forces on May 14, 1940 our youth organization was the one which stayed on a steady course and participated in the national public celebration of Prince Bernhard's birthday, on June 29.1940. Orange buttons were worn by just about everyone, and orange bunting was featured all across the country. People everywhere were wearing white carnations (Prince Bernhard's favorite flower, which he always wears), and outside the Royal Palace in The Hague and at Royal Monuments flowers were piled up. Thousands signed the palace register with their congratulations, which was later confiscated by the Nazis. In our monthly 'De Trom' ('The Drum'), we encouraged people to stay loyal to the Queen and our fatherland and to ignore the German presence as much as possible. Sometime after June 29, 1940 two members of our national board, Messrs. Van �20 Santen and Schiebergen, were arrested and our organization was awarded the high honor of becoming the first organization to be banned and we, the members, became part of the first organization, which had now been declared illegal by the invaders. Another organiz~tion, besides ours, which also received the honor of becoming illegal was the 'Order Service' (O.D.), consisting of military personnel only. May-Nov. 1, 1940: A curfew is put into effect for the coastal provinces of Groningen, Friesland, Noord Holland, Zuid Holland and Zeeland. No one is allowed outside between 10:00 p.m. and 4:00 a.m. After November 1, everyone has to be inside by midnight. I A free press and radio had disappeared immediately at the beginning of the occupation. It was forbidden to listen to the B.B.C., London and on May 13th, 1943, all radios were confiscated. We hid ours carefully. This gap needed now to be filled by writing or printing pamphlets with the latest news releases clandestinely received via the B.B.C. from 'Radio Oranje' (Radio Orange), the official broadcast of the Dutch Government in exile in London. Insidiously, in all of Europe, the Nazis had never exercised pre-publication censure (prior restraint) of the press. They simply rationed the amount of paper the newspapers - were to receive. As a result those publications not liked by the Nazis were put out of business. The rationing, however, cut so severely into the size of the remaining publications, �21 that nothing substantial was printed. All this took place very gradually, step by step. However, to resist step by step proved futile. The steps were nearly always too small to provoke any major reaction from the publishers. But, as with the rationing of all our other needs, ~he iron ring around our necks, personally as well as a nation, became tighter with every turn of the screw. Starting in the fall of 1940, men were recruited to work in Germany, in factories and on farms. In 1941, many of them were sent to help build the Atlantic Wall from the North Cape on the Barent's Sea to the Pyrenees in Spain. It all started on a voluntary basis. Being unemployed at home, as a result of the depression, made regular wages very tempting. However, in the spring of 1942 this type of employment became compulsory, for German manpower had eroded swiftly, either through heavy military losses in Russia or casualties of bombings at home, and slave labor all across Europe was initiated. Many men refused to go. Winter 1940/1941: No light is allowed visible to the outside, as windows are covered with black shades. Store windows are kept dark. Street lighting and lights on trains and busses are minimal. When travelling, one notices quickly that very few people read the paper. Headlights on cars and bicycles are kept down to a narrow slit. Flashlights are not available; it's substitute was a hand-driven dynamo with a bulb, called 'knijpkat'. �22 Before the start of the winter the Germans order all pigeons destroyed, nationwide, for fear that they might carry messages to England. Obviously, the Germans didn't understand that a pigeon had to be brought over from England first, in order to return messag~s. The-winter evenings were very long and very cold, especially during this first war winter. By the middle of December, 1940, rivers and canals were frozen solid and stayed that way until the end of February. Powerless and angry, we had to stifle our emotions. Braving the bitter cold, for two and one half months transported underground newspapers to our contact in Broek op Langedijk by skating over the Hoornsche Vaart and the Ringvaart (both canals). Among the papers I transported were 'Vrij Nederland' (Free Holland) and many more regional papers. Fortunately, I never encountered evidence of the enemy. To control he multitude of waterways and the low-lying soggy land was apparently just a bit too much for them. The bridges which were blown up by the Dutch military at river crossings had not been repaired, and in the spring of 1941, old hand-drawn ferries, pulled along a cable, were put back in service. From 1940 until August 1944 the daily rations in terms of calories for adults had been reduced to about half the pre-war intake. During these four years, the average ration amounted to less than 1500 calories per day. Although it did not qu~e represent a famine level, it did lead to a progressive decrease of physical energy and lowering of resistance to disease. �23 At that time refrigerators or freezers were not in use. People's ability to stock up was limited to non-perishables. Thus we began stock home-canned foods, which had never been a common practice outside farming communities. Then there was a psychological factor at work. \Yhatever goods were made available on ration cards were purchased, whether or not they were needed within the next week or two. A perfect example was the purchase of cigars, cigarettes and pipe tobacco. Non-smokers would purchase whatever smoking articles became available and either gave them to family members or friends or used them as barter or sold them at higher prices. From September 1939 until May 1940, when the occupation by enemy forces became a fact, only sugar and peas had been rationed, although in adequate quantities and with reasonable frequency. What was making things worse for the Dutch people was, that only very recently they had begun to recover from the aftermath of the terrible depression during the years of 1929 to 1938. Because of this depression, household items, furniture and other basic necessities had already become depleted by the time the war started. During the first eight months, ending December 1940, the German authorities rationed yet another 22 items, affecting 70% of the average family's consumption, and by November 1943, 95% of the diet was rationed. Every person, 14 years of age, and older had to carry and I.D. card with picture and fingerprint. Meanwhile the list of rationed products keeps growing: �24 March: Milk and Surrogate Coffee Potatoes All articles made from copper, nickel and chrome must be surrendered. All Preserves November: Cocoa Every day items, such as soap and towels also become very scarce. Jan. 19, 1941: We receive 12" snow in one night, something almost unheard of in the Netherlands. Feb. 22-23. 1941: Four hundred Jews are put on transport to Buchenwald. Dutch Nazis are attacked by the population. Feb, 25, 1941: Streetcars and city services in Amsterdam go on general strike. Initiated by the Amsterdam dock workers. The strike quickly spreads to the cities of Haarlem and De Zaan. Heavily armed police cars cruise the streets. There is shooting taking place and numerous people are killed. The system of hostage taking had started soon after the capitulation and continued all through the five years of occupation. Well-known citizens were arrested with the purpose - of intimidation of the population. Some were tortured and killed. If somewhere an act of sabotage occurred, a number of hostages were shot and their names splashed on the front �25 page of their hometown newspaper. For the survivors it meant years of internment. The first group of about 300 hostages had been arrested in July, 1940 - two months after Rotterdam burned. It was publicized as a retribution against the internment of all Germar.i citizens present in the Netherlands East Indies~ These acts went so much against our ingrained feelings of justice, that the resistance of the people grew stronger day by day, as did the realization of the risks and sacrifices that we would encounter. The women, serving in the Resistance, are fantastic. They act as couriers, transported weapons, distributed underground newspapers and microfilms, and were active with illegal newsprint. They assisted in falsifying documents, helped those in hiding, used secret radio equipment and distributed stolen ration cards to tens of thousands of fugitives. March 13. 1941: The first execution takes place. On March 13, on the Waalsdorper Vlakte, near the Hague, eighteen resistance fighters die by firing squad, which act will become known as the "The 18 Dead", after a poem by Jan Campert, a Senior at the Amsterdam University's Medical School. It proved to be prophetic, as, later on in the occupation, Jan himself was captured and executed for his resistance activities. �26 THE SONG OF THE EIGHTEEN DEAD A cell two meters long for me, but not two meters wit:{e, that plot of earth will smaller be Whose whereabouts they hide. But there unknown my.rest I'll take My comrades with me slain, Eighteen strong men saw morning break We'll see no dawn again. Oh bright and lovely land farewellr Farewell free dunes and shore/ I vow that from the hour you fell I thought of ease no more. What can a loyal man and true, At such a time essay, But bid his wife and child adieu And fight the useless fray? My task was hard, my duty stern, It brought me toil and strife, But yet my heart would never tum Back to my easy life. Freedom was once in Netherland Both honored and maintained, Until the savage spoiler's hand Its dwelling place pro/an 'd. �27 Until that lying boastful one Lengthened his tale of shame When Netherland was ovenun And we his serfs became. Honour he claims, but knows it not, he glories in our grief And so"ows on our people brought, That false germanic thief. Berlins Pied Piper pipes a tune Seductive, false and sweet, But sure as death is coming soon, My love no more I'll greet. Nor ever sup with her again, Nor by her side will lie, His seeming kindnesses disdain That fowler cruel and sly. Remember always, you who read, These friends who with me die, Kinsmen and all for whom we bleed, Keep green our memory. As we have seen in days now gone These words to you we say: 'The darkest night precedes the daw74 All clouds must pass away'~ �28 The early morning light I see Gleams through that window high, Dying, 0 God, a light make me, My failures justify. All men will e" though they may plan; Thy mercy, Lord, I pray, That I may quit the world a man Before the squad to-day. Jan Campert In Germany, the extermination camps of Buchenwald, Mauthausen, Auschwitz, Treblinka and many more, process their victims evermore efficiently. Unauthorized possession of firearms or other war materials will be punished by execution, as will the hiding of Allied air force personnel. April 1941; Bicycle tires are becoming very scarce, in a country where virtually everybody uses this as a common means of transportation May 8, 1941: It is still cold, but the first swallows have returned. What was still an exception in 1940 - offering aid and helping to escape bailed-out allied crews - becomes an active part of the Resistance movement in 1941. �29 June 1941-1945: Twenty thousand Dutch Nazis are killed in action in Russia and Germany. July 1941: Leather is no longer available and soles on shoes are being replaced by wooden soles, tied to the feet by silk-like straps, that come loose with every step. Fall of 1941: Streets, squares, schools, public buildings, businesses and products may no longer carry names of living members of the Royal House of Orange. Major portion of the harvest is sent to Germany. November 1941: Cars are disappearing rapidly. Coal and charcoal gas motors are being built. Cylinders with compressed gas and gas balloons appear on taxi cabs. There is a squeeze on distribution, as a continuous lowering of quantities, and tightening of rations continues. The results are visible in the faces of the Dutch people, as they are beginning to lose weight. Both, Janny and are slimming down. Kees has first choice to the food supply. The black market is born. �30 Nov. 22. 1941: The "Kultuur Kamer' ('Chamber of Culture') is initiated with compulsory membership for artists. It turns into a fiasco. The Nazi regime tries to exercise total control. Dec. 1941: Hotels, bars, movie theaters and all public buildings become: 'FORBIDDEN FOR JEWS'. Dec, 12, 1941: The traitor Mussert, 'leader' of the Dutch Naz~ Party, swears the oath of loyalty to Hitler in Berlin. Bicycles are confiscated at fifty guilders per bicycle, about 20% of the value, which is little better than stealing. The goal is ten thousand. Actually taken are three thousand six hundred. And the rationing continues .... 1942: January: AH silver and copper coins are replaced by zinc coins. May: Chocolate and sugar candy gone. ~ Private persons may not transport vegetables. lYJy; Drastic cuts in the rations of butter, cheese and fats. Bicycles are only available with a special permit. September: Skimmed milk December: Apples �31 Living from September, 1942 on in a rural and fertile area, a typical meal would consist of meatballs without meat, although made from home-grown kidney beans, onions and oatmeal, it turned out very nourishing; "Hutspot", made from mashed potatoes, onions and carrots, mixed, and if available a tiny piece of bacon to add to the flavor; "Cement", named for its consistency of a mixture of mashed potatoes and navy beans; pea soup or red bean soup and cabbage. Already in 1940, the Department of Agriculture has decreed that the emphasis should be shifted from dairy farms to agriculture. Cattle breeding is to be curtailed, and meadows turned into arable land, with emphasis on the production on potatoes, rape seed, sugar beets and rye. Chemical fertilizers however are in short supply and the shrinking cattle herds diminishes the change-over. Farm power begins to depend more and more on horse power, but they too are requisitioned by the Germans, as their supplies of oil and gas start to dwindle. During 1942 some poor farmers are seduced into going east, with the promise that they will own their own farm. In reality, however, they are used as front laborers in Russia. Janny Termaat relates ... By now everything was rationed and as a young housewife (I was 26 at the time) with small children it was very difficult to make food, and other necessities of life, last from coupon day to coupon day. Children, fortunately, do not understand including our young son, Kees, who had an enormous taste for butter. After I had just finished setting the table for �32 lunch, one day, with all its pretty dishes but not much food to put on them, I had briefly returned to the kitchen to make a pot of fresh tea. When I returned to the dining room I found our son, two years old, seated in the middle of the table consuming the butter. He sure had his fill and he seemed very content. But only for the moment. Besides a terri~le case of diarrhea, he broke out in great big lumps all over his body. The doctor was called but there was not much he could do about it. Nature had to run its course and we had to live without butter that week. Janny, pregnant with our second child, receives a modest extra ration. We arrange to have the baby born in the hospital where food is more plentiful. On New Year's eve, at 11 o'clock p.m., we check into the hospital oblivious to the New Year. At 4:30 a.m., January 1, 1942, Nicolaas Pieter Jan is born, named after his maternal grandfather. FebruaQ'., 1942: A telephone cable of the German army has been cut on two different occasions, for which the city of Alkmaar is punished with a fine. Signs saying: "JEWS NOT WANTED' are posted everywhere. Under protection of darkness, the word 'not' is often blacked out. March 11. 1942: The Japanese occupy the Dutch East Indies. Because the Dutch Government has put Germans, livjng in the Dutch East Indies, in internment camps, movies or slide presentation about these colonies are no longer allowed. �33 Because of the massive unemployment, plans had been made in 1938, at the national level, to separate the Unemployment Reduction Program from the other Social Services Programs. In 1941 the Plan had finally gone into effect, and I became a federal employee. pie occupied Netherlands East Indies were subjected to forced labor on a la~ge scale, and delivered at ten cents a head by the communist Sukarno. Some one hundred twenty thousand laborers from our country had found work in Germany, because trading, shipping and fishing on the high seas had come to a standstill. In the spring of 1942 the German Nazi, Boening, issued a directive, forcin~ unemployed people to accept work in the German war factories. Large German losses at the Russian front combined with Allied bombing was putting a heavy drain on German manpower and on the rebuilding of bombed-out factories. As mentioned earlier, at the depth of the economic depression, I had switched study directions, just to get an ever so modest paying position. After eight years, I had progressed to the position of Regional Manager for the evaluation and placement of the unemplyed. Suddenly, in April of 1942, I was faced with an order from the occupation forces to select and send men to Germany over my signature. On May, 1942, I wrote a letter to the Regional Direct, which read as follows: "I hereby confirm my verbal communication that, for my conscience sake, I cannot execute the latest directive about placement of members of the Dutch labor force in - Germany. I, therefore, request that you will grant me an honorable discharge from federal p. employment. Signed: The negotiator for Traffic and communication, P. Termpiat." �34 Shortly after I received an answer, which read as follows: "In answer to your letter, you are notified that, on the basis of a directive from President Boening, no discharge may be provided to those who do request this on the basis of conscientious objection against the execution of the labor draft." After receiving this reply, I resigned. As it turned out, I had been the only one. Janny and I had unanimously decided to take this step. Having been married only three years, with two small children, the oldest, two years of age, and the youngest only four months, and no money in the bank, it had been a difficult decision, however principle won over self-interest. We fully realized the political and economic consequences, but our prayers sustained us powerfully. My career, which had been rapidly moving upward, had now come to an end, with no other financial resources to fall back on. Meanwhile the availability of food, textile, coal and other utilities, as well as cleaning supplies reached unknown low levels. From 1944 to 1945 food rations would reach a low of 350 calories a day, if available. Those, who had refused to work in Germany had their ration cards canceled because of non-compliance. Now, besides trying to find hiding places for them to protect them from being arrested, we also had to find ways to provide them with ration cards as well as I.D. cards, both of which were difficult to produce, and many a time we_had to take by force, that of which we were short. In a decent and non-violent society, this was a difficult turn around, which weighed heavily on our conscience. �35 As time went on, the number of fugitives steadily increased. Among them were flight personnel of the British Bomber Command, which had bailed out of their crippled planes. In 1943, the American Air Force began their air attacks, flying the more dangerous daytime missions. Naturally, our rescue missions were more difficult by day than by night. Vje began to receive some weapons, as they were parachuted to us at night in remote areas by pre-arranged signals. I vividly remember the first American I rescued. He was an Oklahoman. Most fliers were hidden at first, their uniforms and identifiable items destroyed. Then, after being furnished with used civilian clothing, false I.D. cards, ration coupons, as well as escape and evasion kits, the contents of which were coins, sometimes hidden in the hollowed heels of their wooden shoes, they were passed along the underground railway through the Netherlands, Belgium, France, and Spain to Lisbon, Portugal, from where they were returned to England. How many of them ever made it back to fly just once more? We could only hope, and hope was in ample supply among our forces. It was the only thing that helped us to see it through, along with iron determination . Sometimes a parachute was being kept as a trophy and carelessly used to make a woman's blouse. And sometimes a parachute had failed to open. At the point of impact we could see a piece of the parachute sticking up out of the mud, and we realized that, several feet down in the soft wet soil, a brave allied flier had perished. We were frightened by the risk we were taking, to say the least. If an Allied flier or a Jew was found hiding, all family members of the Resistance family, except for their �36 children, were sent off to the concentration camps in Germany, and their worldly goods confiscated. If a man was caught hiding because of his refusal to work in Germany, he would be sent there under armed guard. May 2. 1942: All Jews are ordered to wear the five-point yellow Star of David, with the word JOOD (JEW) printed in the center. They have to purchase them themselves at the cost of four cents plus one textile ration coupon! After that another step is taken. Jews are ordered to live in a certain section of Amsterdam. Barbed wire fences are quickly put up to surround this section, and SS guards keep a twenty four hour watch at all control points. Strikes are breaking out everywhere out of sympathy for this tiny and defenseless group of people. Who can choose his own heritage? Despite the pre-war publicity, we did not realize, nor could we imagine the horrors that were yet to come. May 15. 1942: Two thousand Dutch military officers are sent to P.O.W. camps in German. 140,000 Jews are at risk, as are the resistance fighters and their families, the resistance SWAT teams, as well as those men who refuse to work in Germany, gypsies, �37 hostages and political prisoners. July 1942: The first group of Amsterdam Jews amve in the Dutch concentration camp of Westerbork, a 'holding tank' for furt~er transportation to Auschwitz. August 15, 1942: The first political prisoners are executed. The resistance loomed high in the mind of the German Command, but in realistic terms, it was a modest-sized force, relentlessly pursued by the Nazis. One of us paraphrased it as follows: 'One can squeeze a bee between two fingers until it dies, but while dying, it will sting the hand that kills it. You might say that this is precious little, but if the bee did not sting, bees would have become extinct a long time ago.' During the course of 1942, armed resistance is getting organized. resistance fighters of every sector of the population, cooperate in damaging the enemy, whenever and wherever possible. Fall 1942: An old, historic theater at the Plantage Middenlaan in Amsterdam is put to use as a central point from where Jews are being sent to the concentration camp Qf Westerbork in the province of Drente. From there they are sent through the concentration camps located mainly in Austria and Poland. �38 Amsterdam alone lost 80,000 Jewish citizens. A despicable Dutch Nazi supporter, by the name of Puls, who is president of a moving and storage firm, collects Jewish possessions from their empty houses. These are shipped to_ Germany and marked 'Love gifts from the Dutch people.' By the end of 1942 my resistance group begins to receive requests from the Amsterdam Resistance groups to find hiding places for the few Jews who have escaped the Nazi dragnet. Ultimately, by the end of the war only some fifteen thousand will have survived, either through hiding or as wretched survivors of the extermination camps. This number represents ten percent of the pre-war Jewish population. It is obvious that, when we compare the number of Jewish survivors with the number of other fugitives, the aid to the Jews accounted for only a small part of the Resistance work, but they were the first to express their appreciation, once the war had ended. Did the Resistance, and the European population as a whole, do enough to save those hunted down? Many of us who lived are still being plagued by that thought. More could possibly have been accomplished if more people had taken heart. Wherever the Germans marched in, too many citizens collaborated. However, when the Americans, Canadians and British marched in, their excuse was: "We resisted." The record of heroism, courage, hypocrisy and compromise prompts one to wonder. Which of today's intellectuals would collaborate if the Russians were to appear in their countries? �39 Does lack of perception of the immensity of the crimes planned and committed provide sufficient excuse? I think not. Retroactive observation, weighing the pros and cons, fortified by intuition and association, do fully justify our efforts during those five years. Jan Campert express~d it so well in his poem The Eighteen Dead'. Every decision by the group to protect and rescue was made individually, one by one, often on impulse. Every day yet another person had to be taken care of. Our staff meetings, opened and closed with prayer, were held as often as possible within the rural confines of the maze of narrow waterways of our small country. These historical safe places had proven to be so decisive in the Eighty-year War against the Spanish Inquisition. In 1982, when we were decorated by His Royal Highness Prince Bernhard at the Embassy of His Excellency Dr. J.H. Lubbers, the Dutch Ambassador the United States, we received wholehearted support and cooperation from Congressman Harold S. Sawyer. Among his many actions on our behalf was a commendation from President Reagan. It mainly mentioned our aid to the Jews. Having been cited honorably by Israel and the local Congregation Ahavas Israel, the President's commendation only added to this particular aspect of our resistance work. It did not acknowledge, however, the Commandos' wide range help and support to the Allied cause, actions which lead to the death or crippling of many comrades-in-arms. To provide a more balanced view, and to ~onor those comrades, I deemed it necessary to present my view. �40 After 40 years, it is very difficult for us to understand that most of the Jews let themselves be deported without much resistance. However, one has to understand the many, often complicated causes. The hard rule of the occupation authorities and their ilk; their si!}ister cleverness to play different groups against ·one another; the tragic role of the Jewish Council, which thought it could choose between lesser and greater evil, by cooperating in selecting who could and who could not be sent away; the idea of many Jews that they were only sent out to Germany or Poland to work, and of course also the nonJewish Dutch who did not wish to get involved, and failed to help. Few indeed, were the Dutch who helped Jews hide, trying to suppress their fear for their own well being, and that of their families. Occasionally, some of those Jews were caught, either through treason or by accident, but always with the ultimate consequence for their protector - death. Anne Frank is the symbol of this perilous existence. Besides Westerbork, several other Dutch concentration camps began to appear on the scene, such as Amersfoort, Ommen, Schoorl and Vught. From the concentration camp of Westerbork alone, a total of ninety three trains, each consisting of twenty nine freight cars, loaded with Jews, departed for concentration camps outside the country. Dutch railway personnel carried out all transports. A Jewish girl, from my own Almere College, managed to throw a postcard from the train. It read: "We are going to leave Holland. Mom is going too. �41 Hope to see you soon." Three days later she died at the Mauthausen Concentration Camp. Inhumanity by the occupied forces increases. Cruelty without mercy reigns. But in the faU_of 1942 the tide of war begins to tum. British troops from all parts of the Empire defeat Rommel's army at El Alamein. At Stalingrad the German armies are halted at first, then surrounded. At German Headquarters reality comes to pass, and the possibility of an Allied landing on Europe's west coast looms and seems more and more possible. Hitler and Goebbels are convinced that the Allied landings will take place in the Netherlands. Dr. Joseph Goebbels, who had acquired a Ph.D. in 1921 at the age of twenty four, (few Nazis were that literate) was a most skillful and immoral liar. He writes in his diary (page 494 ): "The Fuehrer expects the Anglo-American invasion attempt to come in The Netherlands. We are the weakest there, and the population would be most inclined to give the necessary local support to such an undertaking. As everybody knows, the Dutch are the most insolent and obstreperous people in the entire west." In the dunes around the Hague thousands of pill boxes and hundreds of gun turrets, made of reinforced concrete, are being built, all connected by paved roads. The German thinking is clear: 'the shortest way to their war production center of the Ruhr leads from The Netherlands to Dusseldorf - 135 miles. The Netherlands and Belgium were conquered in May 1940 primarily for the attack on England, but also to protect G:rmany's war industry in the area called 'the Ruhr', where Albert Speer kept his war production in full force until late in 1944. �42 Church bells are hauled away for the German war industry, and a new sign appears clandestinely: 'WHO SHOOTS BY MEANS OF GOD'S BELLS, CANNOT WIN THE WAR'. !n The Hague and Scheveningen a steel wall is to be built as an important bulwark. To make this possible, a colossal demolition plan is taking place. Houses, stores, office buildings, even entire neighborhoods are flattened in furious tempo. Through The Hague a gigantic tank ditch is being dug, very deep and miles on end, thereby creating a crosswise excavation, which hides inventive obstacles, which are to impede the breakthrough of tanks and other attack vehicles. Among the German army units along the Dutch coast are battalions, forced to serve, from India and Russia (specifically from the Caucasian region of Georgia). Nazi mayors publicly forbid women and girls to consort with 'non-germanic' soldiers! October 14. 1942: First armed attack by the Resistance on a distribution center in Joure, Friesland takes place. That fall a characteristic incident occurs. The Military Police, still in their pre-war uniform, and one hundred percent trustworthy in their dealings with the Underground, usually patroled at night. I had just picked up a Jewish man at his hiding place in order to take him to another one. I remember that he had a valise and an umbrella with him. Between the tiny village of Broek op Langedijk and St. Pancras a Military Policeman appeared, identifying me with his flashlight. "Out for a walk, Mr. Termaat?" he asked. We �43 chatted for a while, and as we did, the policeman completely ignored my companion. It came off so naturally, that only later it hit me: he had protected both of us, me and my Jewish companion. November 1942: The start of the British offensive from the Egyptian border to the west, and the Russian offensive along a three thousand mile front from the Wolga and Don rivers to the west. But for us the allies are still far away. Targets in the Netherlands, such as airfields, harbors, ship yards, and factories, are more frequently attacked by Allied Bomber Command. Bomber sorties against The Netherlands' industrial and mining targets result in many civilian casualties. Rationing and confiscations continue. lW Au~st: All vegetables and fruits rationed November: Textile available with special permit .only Fish is not rationed, but rarely available. When a store has some, queues immediately begin to form. �44 At the same time, the meat ration of four ounces per week per person is cut to four ounces per two to four weeks per person. Prices skyrocket; precipitous drop in purchasing power; real poverty has come to most people. The task of the house wife is getting tougher all the time, as endless repair of clothing and mending of socks is being performed with only daylight to-work in. Life is continuously in a turmoil, and it seems that 'make do', 'improvise', 'look and plan ahead', 'be prepared for the unexpected' and 'make the most of what you have on hand' are the order of the day. So says Janny, as she relates the following story. We were now burning wooden shutters in order to save fuel, and this morning I had made pea soup on our potbelly stove, and to enhance the flavor I had added a small square of bacon. I had made enough to last us at least three days. But wouldn't you know, at about 5:00 p.m. we were unexpectedly visited by Piet's brother, Cor, and his Jewish 'house guest' Mr. Mau Kleinkamer. They had just escaped a raid in Alkmaar and decided to come over to our house where they knew they would be safe. Having waded through a shallow, flooded polder for about 8 kilometers, they were soaking wet, cold and obviously in need of a meal. I didn't know whether or not Mr. Kleinkamer adhered to the Jewish dietetic laws, so I said: 'I have just made a large pot of pea soup, but I've put some bacon in it. Would you mind having some?' He didn't seem to have a problem with it, because in just one meal the three days-worth of pea soup was completely gone. After dinner Mr. Kleinkamer asked if he would be allowed to d_ry his underwear? Cor had already taken some of Piet's underwear and exchanged it for his wet ones. But how about the proper, well-educated Mr. Kleinkamer? Well he decided to remove his underwear, �45 (in private of course), put his wet pants back on, and seated in front of the potbelly stove held his underwear up to dry. Feb. 5, 1943: Dutch General Seyffardt, ·commander of the Dutch Nazi Volunteer Regiment, which serves at the Russian front, 1s executed by the Dutch Resistance. Mar. 11, 1943: The 'Landwacht' (Military Dutch Nazi Organization) under command of the 'Waffen SS', receives extra rations, as well as financial aid for their families, and free medical care for all their dependents and parents. Mar, 27. 1943: The Amsterdam SWAT team, lead by Gerrit-Jan van der Veen attacks the building in which the Population Registration is kept. Despite the quiet support of the fire brigade, which tries to maximize the damage, 85% of the registers remain in tact. Crippled Allied planes sometimes come down on cities; bomb bays are opened prematurely, mistakes in navigation over populated areas, all of which results in many casualties. Apr. 1943: A new German edict: three hundred thousand former soldiers are to be shipped out as P.O.W.'s. �46 The real reason is germany's shortage of manpower in their war industry. This, however, backfires and from April 29 to May 3, 1943, general strikes paralyze industry and striki:r;ig men gather threateningly. The strikes are total in the provinces of Gelderland and Friesla:pd. The German command is taken by surprise, but they react quickly; summa,ry justice by the Gestapo and soon the first death sentences are handed out - about 200. Many of those arrested are sent to concentration camps, but the goal of the strikers is achieved, and the P.O. W. scheme is dropped. Only eight thousand are sent to Germany. The normal complexity of pre-war human existence is now shot through with a new miserable tension; the antitheses of 'good' and 'bad', who can you trust, who talks too much. The velvet glove which Seyss-Inquart had offered m 1940, to Hitler's great satisfaction, has turned into a mailed fist. May 13, 1943: As Germany suffers military setbacks on many fronts, SWAT team action against traitors is stepped up. Two Frenchmen, who turned Nazi, are shot in The Netherlands, while in Alkmaar the former Sergeant Hogeweg, now a Nazi police officer in Alkmaar, is shot down for treason. Summer 1943: Radio receivers are being confiscated.: Possession will be severely punished. �47 Systematic raids continue to take place. Jews are concentrated in a section of Amsterdam, and on May 27, 1943 this section is surrounded, the Jews are arrested, and via the Muiderpoort Depot transported to Westerbork and from there in ever increasing transp~_rts to the destruction camps in Poland and Austria. Sept. 1943: The last large group, exempt till now, which includes the Jewish Council, are put on transport. After this date, there are only one kind of 'free' Jewish citizens in The Netherlands these who are in hiding. At this time we had taken in a Jewish boy, fifteen years old, who we would only know as Ben Nijdam, his forged name. His real name, Jaap Lobatto, would not be revealed to us until after the war. Hiding people was very frightening for all parties, as Janny relates. It was late summer or early fall of 1943 in the small village of Broek op Langendijk. I was at home alone with the children and our Jewish teenage 'house guest', Ben Nijdam. I wasn't expecting Piet until late. We were having a cup of surrogate tea. Ben was sipping his tea, standing away from the window, looking out into the garden. I was having mine, seated at our dining room table in the garden room, doing the endless task of mending clothes. Suddenly, Ben dropped his cup, calling out: 'Look there!' About a dozen German helmets were bobbing behind the wooden fence bordering ou! property; stopping occasionally to look at our house. Talking among each other, they continued to walk around the free standing house. I said: 'Ben, you better get back into your hiding place!' Ben's �48 hiding place was in the attic, between a wall and the sloping roof. It had no light, and the only furnishings were a pillow and blankets. The entrance to it was covered with a large pile of branches of lima bean plants. He obeyed and quickly went upstairs, wondering what was gotng to happen, while I kept a close eye on the intruders. Then suddenly they left, just the way they had come, without ever having rung the doorbell. What were they up to? I continued my sewing, and after a while Ben decided to come downstairs again. Pretty soon it was time to get dinner ready. Since Piet would be home late decided not to wait for him. The house was very quiet and quite dark, with only the sporadic flickering of a candle. All of a sudden we heard someone walk across the pebbles on the south side of the house towards our back door. We heard the latch being lifted, but the door did not open. Ben and I looked at each other and he immediately sneaked back into his hideout. What was I to do? It had to be a friend, I told myself. I opened the door slowly and in the darkness of the night a figure rose in front of me. 'I am Herman Barners', he said. He didn't give me much time to recover, when he continued. 'What did you think was going on this afternoon?' 'No idea.' I replied. 'Well, let me tell you. The Germans are looking for homes they want to take over for their own use including everything that's in them; putting the owners out on the street. I have been appointed to show them possible houses. When the Ge~ans began to discuss the merits of this old house, I casually made the remark: 'You don't want this one. It's a pigsty. I know the people. She is a terrible housekeeper. Nicht Sauber.' Indeed, that was not �49 what they wanted. I was dumbfounded. Thanking him, I closed the door, realizing that in the pitch-darkness I hadn't even been able to make out the man's face. Again we had been saved because of some quick thinking. Ben was able to leave his hiding place and we were safe ag_~in for another night. October 1943: The Dutch Nazis, known as the 'Landwacht' is changed to 'Landstorm' and a new corps is initiated to serve as auxiliary police in the fight against the Resistance, but in the year and one half that follows, until VE-Day, they will have also terrorized their own people, especially during the war winter, when they robbed and beat up people at random. The occupation starts to weigh still heavier on the population as German reverses on the battle fields increase. The active Resistance, though still limited in numbers, acts bolder as the pressing need for shelter, food and I.D.s as well as safe passage from hiding place to hiding place becomes more pressing. We are facing the grim prospect of the fourth winter under enemy occupation with less and less of life's necessities available. A carefully planned attack by boat on the ration office in the next village of Zuid Scharwoude has come off like a charm. The only bad moment came when we had to cross under the connecting bridge between the two villages, Broek op Langedijk and Zuid Scharwoude. Suddenly, there were foot steps and voices. We stayed under the bridge while spying the street before proceeding. We had taken off from the west side and had to cross �50 underneath the bridge to the east side where the ration office was located. We unpacked the stolen coupons in the carpenter's shop of Jacob Balder nearby, and began repacking for distribution the next morning. Female couriers, the packages hidden underneath their clothing, would take them for delivery in the larger cities~ An inventory list was hidden until we had a chance to hand it over to our contact at the local IRS office. Their files would not be touched. Our district Internal Revenue Service hid many documents. We gambled that the occupation forces could hardly be interested in these offices. In October 1943, while walking the short distance from our home to the office, I passed the manse of our Reformed church, when the minister Marius Koole hailed me with some urgency. Locking the door behind us we sat down and I learned the reason for his calling me in. After three and one half years of occupation nothing surprised us anymore. Marius related how he had just received a call from a fellow minister, who now was minister in the Reformed Church of Rumpt, Reverend Koole's previous parish. It appeared that the Gestapo had raided a small monastery in the neighborhood of Rumpt, which had been providing hiding places for Jews. Several of them had managed to escape and two of them had found a very temporary hiding place in the house of the school principal of Rumpt. They were a German Jewish couple, engaged to be married. Since the Gestapo was searching and raiding the surrounding areas, it had become necessary to find another hiding place farther away, and as quickly as possible. The difficulty however, was that Rumpt was situated in the province of Gelderland, sixty miles south, one of the four provinces with territory south of the Rhine, Waal and Meuse rivers. �51 These four provinces formed a buffer zone just west of the heavily industrialized German Ruhr district and had been put under martial law. Passes were required to cross back and forth. Moreover, these passes had to be signed by German authorities. The Rhine and Meuse _rivers flow from the south to the north until they reach the alluvial hills north , of Arnhem. There they bend to the west. The Rhine divides itself into two river beds, called the Waal river and the Neder-Rhine river, which is named 'the Lek' to the west. These rivers form a natural barrier of which one, the Neder-Rhine, would have to be crossed to reach the village of Rumpt. Marius was not too hopeful whether we could be of help, but I told him that we would try. Opposite the manse was the Post Office and next to it, the carpenter shop of Jacob Balder, also a member of our Resistance SWAT team. Jacob and I sat down to talk things over. We would be able to reach the Rhine river, south of Utrecht, by train. But, considering the martial law, how were we to cross the river unnoticed? Who would be willing to venture a boat of some kind to help us cross the fast flowing river to Rumpt and back? To what extent were there German guards patrolling? How about on the train, and at the last stop before the Neder-Rhine bridge? Maybe at the first stop across the Neder-Rhine river bridge? Were they patrolling the river banks? Were there fixed defenses along the river banks? There simply were no immediate answers to most of our questions. We were facing a task wrapped in uncertainties, and time was of the essence. Finally we agreed on a plan that seemed to offer not only a possibility, but also the necessary expediency. Jacob, the couple and I would be at high ~sk, but not to try was to virtually condemn these people to a terrible fate. Jacob and I agreed to buy two round trip tickets to 's Hertogenbosch, the first sizable �52 town south of the rivers, but beyond the place where we wanted to go. Before that city, there would be only one stop, called Geldermalsen. It had only a small station which accommodated the rural area between the Neder-Rhine river to the north and the Waal river to_the south. We would try to leave the train at Geldermalsen, if we could get there. Geldermalsen is situated some seven miles from Rumpt. Would this prove to be impossible, we would then continue to 's Hertogenbosch, and on the way back, have another try at Geldermalsen. The risk of having I.D. control on the train would have to be faced, but we counted on the possibility that control might not affect all passengers, and we would use a ruse by buying two newspapers, one printed in German and the other one a Dutch Nazi publication. Furthermore, we would not sit together, and would not take a gun. If in a bind, we could at least try to pull the emergency brake and try to jump out. We boarded the train in Heerhugowaard after leaving a message for the other SWAT team embers to find a hiding place for the couple, and to look out for us in the evening. At the depot in Alkmaar we bought the newspapers, and agreed to meet in the Amsterdam's Central Station, where we would switch trains for the direction 's Hertogenbosch. The trip from Alkmaar to Amsterdam was uneventful. An armed German soldier kept pacing back and forth between compartments but never bothered anyone. Switching platforms in Amsterdam went off without a hitch and we boarded the train for 's Hertogenbosch without every seeing a German guard on the platform or on the train. After several stops we crossed the Neder-Rhine river bridge without stopping on either sid~ of it. When we got close to Geldermalsen the train slowed down and we opened a window to have a look at the small platform. A lone German soldier sauntered back and forth, visibly bored stiff. �53 When the train came to a halt, we waited for a moment until his back was turned, then· quickly we got out and hid behind the small building that served as a depot, until the train had left. The road to Rumpt was about 50 yards away, and we reached it unhindered. We set off _on foot, but after a few miles we were passed by a flat bed wagon pulled by two horses, and loaded with bales of flour. We asked for a ride and we were allowed to jump on the backboard. It was a beautiful sunny·day, and the countryside was a delight to watch as we rode by. Once in Rumpt we had no difficulty finding the school principal's house. He opened the door himself, and after we identified ourselves by mentioning Marius Koole's name, he invited us in. He was very surprised to hear how we had managed to get into this closed military district of the country. In a room at the back of the house we met the frightened couple. They were tense and nervous because of being moved around, being hunted, and not knowing what the immediate future would bring. We tried to reassure them, and it did calm them down somewhat. Then we got together with the principal and one of his teachers to plan for the return trip. They put a basket with apples before us to munch on while we planned, a luxury as we did not have orchards up north. The principal and the teacher were able to provide us with four bicycles to enable the six of us to get back to the Geldermalsen depot. It would get us there three times faster than it would if we had to walk. After dropping us off, the principal and the teacher would return on their bicycles, leading t~e extra two by hand. They insisted on buying train tickets for the couple from Geldermalsen to Heerhugowaard, but in order to cover our trail, we suggest that they better buy tickets from Geldermalsen �54 to Alkmaar. Once in Alkmaar, we would buy tickets for them to Heerhugowaard. It was agreed that we would leave at dusk. The principal and the teacher were to take the couple on the baggage carriers of their bicycles, while Jacob and I would go ahead together and leave t~e bikes in the back of the depot. Jacob and I arrived there safely with our large bags of apples, which they had given us. Luckily the guard had left and so the four of us would be the only passengers boarding. we signalled to the oncoming foursome that all was clear, and the couple joined us. the teachers purchased the tickets, shook hands, and waited for the oncoming train to stop. On boarding we found a compartment for six with only one passenger in it. Though the trains were lighted by small blue light bulbs, in order not to be detected by planes at night, we noticed that the man wore the uniform of the Dutch Nazi Youth Group. Jacob and I looked at each other, and from long standing cooperation, reacted in the same way, motioning the young couple to take the seats next to the Nazi, while Jacob and I took the opposite seats. During the ride between Geldermalsen and Amsterdam an armed soldier passed us twice but paid no attention, other then a quick glance into our compartment. Did the young Nazi's uniform satisfy him? Who knows? The young man, with his elbow on the window sill, his chin resting on his hand, kept looking out into the night until we reached Amsterdam. He never moved. We could only wonder what was on his mind. Maybe the battle reverses for the Nazis? All five of us left the train in Amsterdam. The Nazi went right to the exit, while the four of us went down the stairs t~ transfer to the platform for the tra~n to Alkmaar. At the bottom of the stairs we turned right, be we were stopped by a curt 'Halt!' It was definitely a German accent, but the man was wearing civilian clothes.... Jacob and I were carrying the �55 apples, and the man wanted to know where we got them, and where we were going. We told him that the apples were a gift from friends who lived on a farm and that we were going home. 'Too few for the black market', he said, and let us go. Meanwhile, the couple, who had walked behind us, had upon hearing 'halt', simply continued walking while yte talked to the man, a presence of mind we truly appreciated. We boarded the train for Alkmaar without having our papers checked, and upon arrival purchased two one-way tickets for the Heerhugowaard station. We arrived at 10 p.m. and were met by three SWAT team members who took the Jewish couple to their new hiding place, which they had been able to secure. The whole operation had lasted not quite twelve hours. The couple survived the war and saw freedom return to their land. During the winter of 1943/44 a very small German garrison was moved to Broek op Langedijk. These were mainly older men, and their equipment included a truck, which used smoldering wood blocks to produce gas, piped to the engine, to run it. They also had horses. Their truck was carelessly parked next to some bales of hay in the auction hall, normally used for flower expositions. The truck caught fire and a good part of the building burned down. Living only three houses further down the street, J anny and I, as well as our boys, Kees and Nico, slept right through the commotion. We later learned from the neighbors that the Germans had been running around, yelling: 'sabotage!' Peter relates .. .In order to save our precious fuel, we were living in the smallest room of the house, because it was easier to heat. Kees and Nico used to play quietly with their �56 blocks while Janny sang to them. At bedtime, I would read them stories. They each had their favorites and after reading the same ones over and over again, I got to know them by heart. Kees would catch me on a missed word. Weather permitting, the boys would play in the yar~ and their greatest pleasure was to let our two rabbits out of their cage. Kees often wanted to go to the horses, which the Germans had brought with them. and which were stables next to the bakery ·a t the corner. Even though the Germans were friendly to the little three year old, we could not allow him to go there. Besides, the neighbors had warned us, that he had told them that 'daddy had a shooter, and he was going to shoot the krauts.' In order to keep Kees and Nico on our premises, it became necessary to lock the gate to our yard. February 22, 1944 Nijmegen's city center is hit. Situated only one mile from the German border, this too is a navigational error, causing eight hundred deaths. The same type of error causes nine hundred deaths in Arnhem and Enschede, both equally close to the German border. April 11. 1944: Six low-flying Mosquito light bombers destroy the building of the 'Central Population Administration Bureau' in Amsterdam, guided by Resistance Intelligence. �57 On May 8, 1944, one month before D-Day, our home was raided by a ten-man squad of the Gestapo led by SS Commander Viehbahn. Only the fast and timely actions of our Intelligence Group saved my life, but our home was no longer a safe haven. During the year th_at followed I was forced to live somewhere else, staying away from our home al together., The traitor, a member of a communist resistance group and forced into being a counterspy, was caught by our Commandos within 6 days and ordered executed. Looking back, to be betrayed by a communist to the Gestapo, and live to tell about it, almost seems impossible. The events evolved as follows. This particular Sunday morning had started out quietly, in spite of the fact that during the night the heavily vibrating drone of allied bombers, on their way to their assigned targets, had kept everyone awake. After the last squadrons had passed however, there had been the usual lull until the first planes returned. No message had been received by the resistance of any bail-outs from crippled planes that night, at least not in our area. When daylight came, we could see the tight formations in seemingly endless squadrons fly overhead. Fighter planes, flying protective cover as far as their range would allow, looked tiny from down below, as they maneuvered their faster planes to stay with the bomber fleet. How far did their protection reach? Certainly not as far as their farthest targets. Still, maintaining their original formation, while bound for home base, we could count the missing planes, by the empty places. Frequently, some of them would be flY!_ng lower than others, and we wondered if they would make it back to their bases. Our children were up early too, and already quietly absorbed with their building �58 blocks. Stillness enveloped the village on this early Sunday morning. Janny had started our simple breakfast, a kind of porridge made out of ground wheat and water. Once a year, ever since 1942, the brothers Tijssen, wheat farmers from the town of Oterleek, had provided - us with a bag of 150 lbs of wheat A great gift; considering that they charged only . 10 guilders per bag, or some 6 cents per pound. Black market prices for such commodities had gotten entirely out of reach. One of the brothers, Jan Hendrik, had mentioned to me quietly that he supported the cause for which I worked. "Just stop by one evening. I'll have it ready for pickup. You may count on it as long as the war lasts." It truly became a matter of equilibrium as I rode my old bicycle, loaded with one hundred and fifty extra pounds of wheat, along the dike until I reached the Middenweg, through the town of Heerhugowaard, along the Stationsweg, past the farms of Gootjes and Wagenaar, where so many fugitives had found shelter, and finally along the dike of the canal to our village of Broek of Langendijk. (Both Gootjes and Wagenaar later emigrated to the U.S.). We had rationed ourselves to a few pounds per week, which we shared with our parents. It was heavy work to grind wheat with an old hand mill, but what excellent nourishment it was. My resistance to infection had gone down to the extent that the slightest scratch caused blood poisoning. Armed with a prescription from our family doctor, Willem Verdonk, I had visited some of the outlying dairy farms. The prescription simply stated that for health reasons I needed half a liter of milk every day. One farmer, by the name of Zuurbier at the Middenweg in Heerhugowaard, immediately_agreed to sell it to me at the going ration price. Later in the afternoon, after the milking was done, Janny would go and pick up the bottle of milk. Many were the farmers who helped their compatriots �59 without barter or charging them exorbitant prices. And so, on this quiet Sunday morning, our breakfast consisted of coarse ground wheat with some milk. Saying grace had become more meaningful than ever. Since one of us had to stay with the children, Janny had gone to the morning church service, while I planned to go that night. In this land of market-gardens, it had become against the 'new' law to sell directly to the consumer. However, when in season, such items as cabbage, carrots and potatoes, even though in very small quantities, were still sold, in spite of the 'new' law. The meat rations, as well as butter and margarine, had shrunk drastically, and were usually saved for the Sunday dinner, and it was for those few potatoes, and a cabbage, that we had become so very grateful. We were still able to send some of our ration coupons to friends in The Hague, where the population suffered real hunger. And so, on this quiet Sunday morning our breakfast consisted of coarse ground wheat with some milk. Saying grace had become more meaningful than ever. Since one of us had to stay with the children, Janny had decided to go to the morning church service, while I planned to go that night. In the afternoon the four of us had set out for a walk along the village street. The Dorpstraat was the only street then, and traffic was almost non-existent. Most I agricultural traffic moved along a network of canals that surrounded the village. Later that day, as I was getting ready for church, the doorbell rang. On our doorstep stood Evert Brink, one of our best friends, and a staunch Resistance man. He started right off. "Gestapo is going to arrest you. Let's clear the house ... rehearse the cover story and have the papers ready...come with me ...you will learn more later!" Speechless, Janny and �60 I looked at each other and immediately set to work. A few false ID cards, pistols, ration cards for people in hiding, micro films from air drops, and illegal news bulletins were quickly gathered, and all hiding places double checked. Young Arie Boon, our neighbor from across the street brought over a wooden box in his flat bottom boat and we packed everything ·away. Then, after one more quick check of the house, Arie Boon took off to bury the box in one of his far away island acres for the time being. Meanwhile, Janny and I went carefully over the cover story and papers. Then the most difficult moment had arrived, a tight embrace, and a hug for the children. A few moments later Evert and I were on our way, heading our bicycles in the direction of the village of St. Pancras, were we parted. Evert took the road straight ahead, direction Alkmaar, while I took the narrow bike path behind the 'Witte Kerk' (the Reformed Church, commonly known as 'the white church'), west to the village of Koedijk, which stretched along the Noord Hollands canal. Across from the canal lay the main road between Alkmaar and Den Helder. Before the war Den Helder had been our main naval base. When I arrived at the canal, the wide open country side allowed me to scan the road in both directions. There was no traffic of any military convoys in sight. A few hundred yards south, in the direction of Alkmaar was a bridge. It had short ramps on either side, and two floating ramps, which could be withdrawn under the entrance ramps to allow boats to pass through. It was typical for this part of the country. It appeared I was able to cross the bridge safely at that point to get to the main road to Alkmaar. So I Qid. turning right into the first side street, I at last reached Evert Brink's house through the back entrance, and that Sunday evening I learned the chain of events that had led Evert to warn me. �61 Earlier, that Sunday afternoon, Police Officer Jacob van Dijk had been alone on duty in Alkmaar's Police headquarters, when a young woman had entered the building, identifying herself as a member of the Gestapo. She had demanded the use of the telephone to contact her headquarters, which were · located at the Euterpestraat in Amsterdam. Jacob had offered her the phone of his desk, and as he continued his work, he was able to overhear the conversation during which she reported to have received a false identification card from a Pieter Termaat. She called for his immediate arrest, giving his home address in Broek op Langedijk. the woman left. Shortly after, at 3:00 p.m. Jacob completed his watch. It just so happened, that Jacob's mother and one of my uncles were sister and brother. Both of us were born in the town of Kampen, where we had lived through our teens. Needless to say, Jacob and I knew each other quite well. Besides, he and I belonged to the same Resistance group, covering Alkmaar and the surrounding areas. Jacob was aware of the fact that I had been living in the village of Broek op Langedijk since 1942, He also knew, that a very close friend of mine, Evert Brink, was living nearby, in the town of Alkmaar, and so on his way home he stopped at the Brink's house and told Evert what had transpired earlier that afternoon. Evert immediately left on his bicycle for my house. Treason had been committed ..... somewhere ...by someone ...., resulting in Evert's visit to our house, leaving Janny and the children behind in Broek op Langedijk, along with a welldesigned business cover and a 'clean' house, while I joined Evert at this home in Alkmaar. In neither home there was much sleep that night. On Monday morning Janny had managed to get a message to me, telling me that nothing had happened during the night. A hurried �62 conference took place, during which we had to decide what to do, or what not to do. The fact remained that the woman had warned the Gestapo. Unfortunately, Jacob's description of the woman had left us without a clue, and so the decision was made for everybody to remain in place, while the woman's description was being circulated among the members of our resistance circle. We could taste the danger, as the hours of the day crept by and the nights seemed longer yet. Meanwhile the nights for Janny were not only very long but quite eventful at that, as she relates ..... The first night after Piet's departure I hardly slept at all. The following day I was totally exhausted, and it didn't take long to fall into a deep sleep that night. It must have been somewhere between 3:00 and 4:00 a.m. that I suddenly was awakened by heavy blows on our front door. I ran to the window and peeked through the curtains, and noticed several trucks, cars and a number of men, some in uniform, others in civilian clothes, in front of our house. I knew, that if I didn't open the door soon, they would no doubt force their way in, so I quickly turned around and grabbed the first piece of clothing I could find to wear over my nightgown. It happened to be my light grey spring coat, which had 13 buttons, and to this day I remember buttoning every single one of them. The moment I opened the door, the men entered our house. Equipped with rifles some of the men in uniform posted themselves at the windows, while the rest of them made - their way to the bedroom, where they checked the bed for 'another warm spot' besides where I had been sleeping. Although satisfied that I had been sleeping alone, they continued �63 searching the rest of the house, opening each and every closet, leafing through our books, and asked question upon question, demanding answers from me while holding a flashlight in front of my face. I noticed that one of the men, obviously their leader, was not only imma~lately dressed, but was also wearing a very strong scented perfume (quite unus1;1al for a man, -especially in those days!). Little did I now what an important part this perfume would play later on in our lives. While they continued interrogating me, I told them my 'cover story' without hesitation, telling them 'that plans were in the works to built a deep freeze installation locally, once the war was over. (Which was true and indeed has been built), and that heavy financing was needed, which was not entirely available locally. As a result, Piet had been put in charge of finding possible investors for the project and as a result was of town visiting and interviewing prospects.' I must have been very convincing, because they seemed to believe my story and left. And what about our two young sons? Believe it or not, but they slept through the whole ordeal. But not so our neighbors, who had been watching the whole drama unfold from behind their curtains, because unlike me, they had been expecting the raid, as the following story became unraveled. First thing next morning I went over to see our neighbors, the Jacob Balder family. Jacob was deeply involved in the Resistance and had until only a short time ago 9 Jewish people hidden in bis home. His wife was pregnant and expecting their sixth child. Jacob wasn't home, but I told his wife that something was up in the air, and I begged her to make Jacob go underground. My pleading fell on deaf ears, because she told me that, considering her condition, Jacob had refused to go into hiding. He wanted to be near his family. �64 As I had feared not too long afterwards, Jacob was arrested, and shot in the dunes along the Dutch coast, where many of the members of the resistance faced their death. (Jacob never saw the baby, which he and his wife had anticipated so eagerly). 9n that same day, May 10, while I was visiting the Balders, I also learned the facts about the visit of the Gestapo, the previous night. Jacob Balder's daughter, who occasionally did baby sitting for us, was employed at the town hall at the time. The mayor of our town, who had decided to join the Nazi Party, had come up with a deceitful plan to try and arrest Piet for reasons described previously, but unbeknownst to us. He had made up a list of people whose homes would supposedly be searched during the night of May 9th, 1944, conspicuously leaving the Termaats off his list. It was that list, that Jacob's daughter happened to see. Excited about her discovery, she told her father about it, and as a result, the people on the list were warned, but not the Termaats. Again we had been just one step ahead of the traitors. Soon after my visit with the Balders, I rode my bicycle to my mother's house, having one boy seated in front of me, and the other behind me. On arrival I told her: 'Please don't ask any questions. I have things to do. Would you please look after the children for me?" And with that I got back on my bicycle again and via alleys and other roundabout ways, I rode to the house were Piet was hiding. I reported the happenings, said goodbye to him and left. My message on that Tuesday was: 'They were at th~ house during the night ... everybody safe ... business cover story listened to without comment....house surrounded by at least 10 men.... all were dressed in uniform, except Nazi mayor Stoutjesdijk. ...and �65 someone else, who smelled heavily of perfume. When leaving, the police van went into a southerly direction ...... The latter part of the message clearly indicated that they had made their approach north along the road Alkmaar-Den Helder, then east to 'the Langedijk and south along the only road across the dike to our house. It had become obvious, that Piet could not return home. In Alkmaar, as well as in several surrounding villages, he was too well known. It meant that he had to leave the city. A quick consultation took place. For one, he needed transportation, other than a bicycle. Since members of the medical profession were the only ones allowed cars, a message was sent to Nico Louis M.D. Pieter relates that Dr. Louis arrived that same afternoon. "I wiggled myself into the back seat of his small Renault, and the two of us drove off from the Bleau Straat, along the Bergerweg to the Westerweg, then in a southern direction, through the Heiloo forest. Once outside the city, I changed to the passenger's seat, so we could talk more easily. We planned to drive as far as Uitgeest where I was to board the train in the direction of Amsterdam. We arrived about fifteen minutes early, which allowed me just enough time to explain what had happened. 'Any unfinished business?' He asked. I told him that a resistance group, located north of Amsterdam, had been arrested. From what we had learned so far, the wife of the leader had escaped, and had found temporary shelter in a home at Lange<!ijk. The woman had escaped without I.D., money, clothing or ration cards. I had been able to furnish her with an I.D. and some ration cards. At the time, she'd told me that she could not remain where �66 she was, and was looking for a place to stay. She was willing to do household work or baby sitting. {A preliminary check had indeed verified the arrest of the group, which had included the woman's husband). My request to Nico Louis was: 'Would he follow up?' He promised he would. Meanwhile, the train had arrived and I boarded with the intention, at least for now, to go as far as Koog aan de Zaan, where Janny had a cousin living. When I arrived at Koog aan de Zaan, I got off with some twenty other passengers. As we began walking along the highway in the direction of Amsterdam, which ran parallel with the railroad track, a boy in his pre-teens stopped us, and told us that there was a Nazi roundup going on further down the highway. Without another word, all of us turned into the next road to the left. Looking back, we should at least have thanked the boy, but we had taken the warning very seriously and were only too anxious to get away. Walking along, my thoughts raced over the happenings of the last few weeks; some of the people we had seen in our village, mainly outsiders, who hadn't given us reason for suspicion. Then there had been the call from our Minister, Marius Koole, who had been contacted by one of his colleagues, the Reverend Nell, who lived in the town of Noord Scharwoude (the northern part of Langedijk). It was concerning a woman, who was hiding with a Mr. Keeman, one of his parishioners. Reverend Nell had requested help for her, following which Marius Koole had contacted me with the problem. I had given the initial help. But what could have gone wrong? Why was the Gestapo on mr trail? Janny and the children were all right, but she would undoubtedly be watched. When I arrived at cousin Peter's home, I was warmly welcomed, and given the guest �67 room. When I was ready to leave, cousin Peter had gone ahead to scout the train station in Zaandam to see if there were any round-up activities. Fortunately, there weren't any, and I boarded the train for Amersfoort, via Amsterdam. In Amersfoort I knew the family Bouma. At the beginning of the war they had been liVIng in Den Helder, the naval b~e. During the-early fighting they had been bombed out of their home and had been evacuated to the Langedijk, where we first met them. From there they had moved to Amersfoort, where Mr. Bouma had been appointed to the local college. My plan was to proceed from Amersfoort to Kampen, my birthplace, where I still had some relatives, who would undoubtedly be helpful in finding a new hiding place for me. The Bouma's however told me that, where the road to Kampen led to the bridge across the IJssel river, by rail or otherwise, I would run into a 24-hour guard. The risk of trying to cross at that point was too great. Why not stay with them for a short while until more was known? I accepted the invitation gratefully. There was a Resistance group operating in Amersfoort out of the train depot, which had their phone system operating independently from the national system. We transported mainly ration cards to a contact at the Amstel train depot in Amsterdam. Mr. Bouma turned out to be an avid walker, and while out on our walks, we sometimes passed the Cavalry barracks across from the house where my family had lived for 11 months in the year 1924. The neighborhood did not seem to have changed much. Occasionally we saw a group of prisoners from the nearby co_,!lcentration camp of Amersfoort, as they marched under heavily armed guard. Staring straight ahead, their heads shaven, their cheeks hollow from malnutrition, dressed in flimsy prison clothes, they were �68 ordered to sing. They were forced to work on a network of trenches, but were so obviously underfed, that one had to question their value of performing heavy work. Needless to say that my blood began to boil when I saw the group pass by. To talk to them was impossible even t~e slightest eye contact was being watched. The concentration camp of Amersfoort was notorious. It's camp commander, 35 year old Joseph J. Kotaella, was a brute nicknamed 'the Hangman'. He would hit his prisoners, while egging on his two large German shepherds, his constant companions. He had personally ordered and participated in the execution of prisoners. He seemed to especially enjoy watching the bodies of his victims drop, as garrote the noose tightened, and the last spastic struggle ceased. Some prisoners spent many days and nights in the open, surrounded by barbed wire, without any food or drink. By means of the Red Cross, a certain Mrs. Heemstra had, at times been allowed to take some food parcels into the camp. At such times Kotaella turned on his fake charm and requested to be photographed with her against the camp background. It was not until much later that I learned that my brother-in-law, Jacob, Janny's brother, was a prisoner at this camp at this time. The number of planes passing overhead seemed even greater here than in the Langedijk. One night, as we were sound asleep, a bomb exploded. Curled up in a fetal position, I awoke from a deep sleep by the terrible noise. It scared the wits out of everybody. All the windows were blown out, but the house was still standing. Hans Bouma, the family's youngest son, already having a broken arm from a fall off his bike, had stepped �69 in some glass causing severe bleeding, which we were finally able to stop by holding his foot very tightly. There was glass all over the floor, the furniture and the blankets. At day break we learned that a bomb had been dropped just east of the train depot, only five hundred yards from the house. The Bouma's were lucky to get off with merely glass damage. The_Bouma's lived at the Korte Bergstraat 8, and during my stay I had become acquainted with some of their neighbors. · On the night of Monday, June the 5th, one of them had invited the entire family and me over for a birthday celebration. By bartering some items from their clothing store they had even been able to lay their hands on some pastries. The following morning, on June 6th, I had left the house via the back yard to get a haircut, when the neighbor lady came running out of her house. "Mr. Termaat!" She called. "Don't go out in the street. .. the Allies have landed ... you never know what may happen ... they may get here too!" I quickly went back into the house. Mr. Bouma and I discussed this unexpected news and decided to take a walk to the newspaper building nearby, where a billboard next to its front door usually displayed the latest news items. Needless to say the unexpected surprise when we read the bulletin confirming that small scale landings had taken place on the coast of France. Amazed that the occupation forces would let this news leak out, we surmised that it had to be more than a small landing, which could hardly be covered up, since the BBC had warned everybody to stay away from Europe's coastal areas. We walked back to the house. Shortly after that the door bell rang. It was my good friend Evert Brink, who had come to bring me letters from Janny, clean underwear, as well as the latest news. Still �70 in shock by the news of the Allied landing, I blurted out: 'What are you doing here?' 'Hell, what kind of a greeting is that!' He replied. 'You knew I was coming!' 'But the Allies have landed!' I retorted. ~You're crazy!' He commented. Without wasting another word, I took him over to the newspaper building. Evert was as taken aback as Mr. Bouma and I had been. 'You cannot stay here!' He said. 'They (the Allies) are going to bomb the railroads and highways. If you stay, you will never be able to get out!' That seemed sensible enough, and so after a hasty good-bye and many thanks to the Bouma's, Evert and I boarded the train from Amersfoort to Amsterdam, where we changed trains to Alkmaar. We agreed not to talk, and each bought a German newspaper. We reached Alkmaar without any problems. Neither did we see or hear about any military activities in our area, except the regular drone of bombers flying over. My emotions ran high. I was getting closer to home, and Janny and the children were once again within reach ... the Allies had landed!...Would they land at other areas, besides France? ... Would they succeed? .... And if so, how quickly would they be able to proceed? .. .I was filled with questions, tension, wishful thinking ... and hope. But I also realized, that if further landings would not take place, it could be a long time yet before I would be able to surface, and until then I would have to keep moving around in the dark. The internal railroad telephone had been a real blessing, b~t being back on the national network made one once again alert to listening devices from radio detection units of the Gestapo. �71 We again spotted some troops from the Russian state of Georgia, as well as some from British India, imprest battalions to fill in for the heavy losses of Germany's army. They were obviously shifted around often. ~e people of the Dutch East Indies, residing irt Holland, had freely offered their share in the struggle for freedom also. It was amazing how close we had grown during these adversary times. Still, German infantry battalions continued to march through the towns, but much more disheveled looking, and not by far as cocky as four years earlier. During my absence, there had been a notice from the Probate Court in connection with the inheritance of my father-in-law, who had passed away the previous year. On the day I had been scheduled to appear, I had been in Amersfoort and unable to comply. How intensely dangerous the Gestapo was became quite clear, when they showed up at the Probate Court and arrested my two brothers-in-law. It was obvious that the Probate Court had connections with the Gestapo. Even though my brothers-in-law didn't know my whereabouts, their homes were searched, nevertheless. First the home of Jacob Schuurman, resulting in the arrest of a man whom they had kept hidden because he had refused to go to work in Germany. They also found a clandestine long wave radio receiver, which allowed them to listen to the BBC. Moving alongside the house, Jacob tried to escape via the meterwide gutter connecting his home to the house in the street behin<!_ bis. He was shot at immediately. Fortunately, they missed him by a hair. The center button of his coat had been replaced by a hole. He was arrested and sent to the concentration camp in Amersfoort. Any �72 further evidence against Jacob failed to tum up, and after four months of imprisonment a contact group of the Reformed Church managed to purchase his freedom, as even camp leaders were not beyond corruption. J.,ikewise, my other brother-in-law, Henk van Zuylen, also had his house searched. He too, wasn't aware of my whereabouts. And although the search didn't deliver any results, he was nevertheless taken to prison in Amsterdam (Huis van Bewaring), were he remained from May 17 to June 7, before he was let go. The day after, Nico Louis, the doctor who had smuggled me out of Alkmaar in his little Renault and had taken me to the train depot of Uitgeest on that Wednesday, May 20, had taken up contact with the woman courier by means of Rev. Marius Koole the very next day. She had shown up at his office that same evening. Cautiously, Nico had asked her what he possibly could do to help her. Then, she had related the same story to him, namely that she was in dire need of an I.D. card, as she was without one. Nico's quick mind was immediately put on alert. Had it not only been yesterday at the train depot of Uitgeest, that Peter had told him the story about the woman walking into the Police Station, calling the Gestapo, ordering the arrest of Peter Termaat because he had furnished her with a false I.D.? Nico kept his cool, not promising her anything. He told her to come back Friday evening, May 12. After she'd left, he'd alerted the local Resistance and that Friday evening, 5 days after her initial call to the Gestapo, she was captured and made ~ full confession. The question now was, what to do with her? Treason was proven and confessed to. She could not be kept a prisoner. The vote was unanimous and the matter was referred to the National �73 Resistance Organization. A terse order was sent back: 'Liquidate her!' Having been locked up since May 12th, the woman was transported out of town to the east near the village of Rustenburg, where the road runs across the dike. Here an injection ended her life and on May 19_th, her body was hurried in the dike. A bloody mess. Only the slapping and sloshing of the breaking waves would be heard. Then all became quiet. A report was sent to Headquarters that the order had been carried out. How long would it take before the Gestapo would catch on and begin their manhunt? Our Resistance group immediately began searching for hiding places. It was none to soon. Dr. Louis realized that the time had come for him to disappear, after all, it was more than likely that by now, the woman had informed the Gestapo of her visit to his office. In these last days of the war, fear had begun to grip the Nazis, leading to hysterical actions, such as trying to remove all records, containing all names and address of men who at any time had been unemployed, from the District Bureau of the Department of Social Affairs. This was the office where I had worked until my resignation on May 1, 1942, when I had refused to obey and execute their new laws, which would have sent men to Germany as forced labor to assist the Nazi war industry. Every evening, at about five o'clock, files containing these records were loaded on a wagon and brought, under armed guard, to the vault of the Twentsche Bank near the town square with its beautiful medieval tower. The route to the bank was not a direct one; a block from the bank, the wagon would tum into a side street. Our plan was to destroy the records before they reached the bank. In order to do that we needed gasoline, and Dr. Louis �/ 74 had just what we needed, five gallons of it, which I had previously smuggled into town and stored at his home. We would attack the guards, pour the gasoline over the files and set them afire. The point of attack was ideal - a maze of narrow side streets. The importance of our plan was clear. If successful, all data concerning the total labor force of the district would be destroyed. Faced with an almost certain visit of the Gestapo, the Louis's packed a few suitcases, loaded their car and disappeared. Nico was realistic enough to take the gasoline along on his flight. They would not return to Alkmaar until VE-Day. June 6. 1944 D-Day Hitler and his staff now expected the main landing to occur in Calais, on the narrow passage from Dover, and kept his 15th army with 100,000 soldiers at the Channel until September. But on June 6th, the Allied invasion in Normandy had begun. Low flying Allied planes flew in low formation over Europe's west coast, attacking Nazi traffic where visible. Nazi losses of military vehicles were heavy, but what hurt most was the loss of military personnel. To give them a better chance of survival, much of the traffic was conducted during the night, while men were rounded up as forced labor to dig manholes along the roads, and into the dike itself. While digging near the town of Rustenburg, a crew discovered a lady's shoe. And it was only moments later that they dug up the body of the liquidated..§py. On June 17, 1944 an ad appeared in the paper, which read as follows: �75 BODY FOUND IN RUSTENBURG The Head of the Criminal Investigation Department in Amsterdam, located at the Keizersgracht 103-105 (telephone 49055), requests on behalf of the Group Commander of the Mi~itary Police in Heerhugowaard, to be informed of the identity of the body of a woman found on June 13, 1944 on an elevated spot in Rustenburg (North Holland). Description: Between twenty and thirty years of age; height 1.63 meters; dark hair; small nose, wider at the end, blue-grey eyes; well maintained teeth, fully intact; scar on right side of abdomen, probably from appendectomy. Clothing: Short, dark blue coat with dark belt made of connected leather bands; white blouse with blue-green checks, brand 2330 Margo 17144 Frulensis mit den 7 punkten Gesla; Erpco Compagnie KoelnNeumarkt, Gegr 1901; black flat-heeled shoes, light pink petticoat, white panties, brand: 'Butterfly, Bijenkorr, pink camisole with the letter 'N' inside the shoulder strap, ankle-height woollen socks. Information urgently requested by the Criminal Investigation Department. Interestingly, no information was ever offered; the solidarity of the population showed once again. Soon after VE-Day the investigation, which had been going on during the last few �76 weeks of the war, is completed with the following information. One of the members of the Resistance group, operating just north of Amsterdam, had an affair with his wife's sister. Infuriated, when discovering the affair, the wife decided to go to th,e Gestapo and betray not only her husband, but the rest of his Resistance group as well. After giving her testimony, the Gestapo gave her two choices. Either she'd become one of their informers or be sent to a concentration camp as an accomplice. She decided to take the first option. The Gestapo relocated her to the village of Noord Scharwoude, one of the four villages of the Langedijk, where she stayed with a certain Mr. Keeman, a small exporter of produce, who was under no particular suspicion by the people in the village. It was Mr. Keeman who introduced her to Rev. Nell with the story previously mentioned. Having no connections himself, Rev. Nell called his colleague, the Rev. Marius Kool in Broek op Langedijk, who in turn introduced her to us. A quick investigation of her story confirmed that the resistance group, to which she and her husband belonged, had indeed been arrested and imprisoned. Consequently her amateurish operation led to her speedy and untimely demise. When VE-day finally arrived, Keeman was instantly killed when his motor cycle hit a tree. Suicide was suspected. On that day, in addition to the three strongholds we had held for several weeks, we - also took over the town hall. While standing in front of the town hall with two fellow officers, waiting for the first units of the First Canadian Army to arrive, Dr. Nico Louis �77 hailed us and joined our group. After some light banter we were interrupted by an MP on a motor cycle, who informed us that the father of the executed woman had been spotted in town. He apparently was armed and had announced that he was going to kill Dr. Louis, whom be blamed for the death of his daughter. We guided Dr. Louis into the Town Hall and sent out a patrol to bring the man in. It appeared that he had only partial information of what had transpired. After talking to him and pointing out to him, how his daughter, through her actions, had caused her own death, he accepted our explanation. He surrendered his gun and promised to leave town, not to return or to bother Dr. Louis again. Truly a rotten deal for a father to be faced with. By 1944 the number of refugees, men and boys between the ages of sixteen and sixty had grown to five hundred thousand. Needless to say, our task became increasingly more difficult, and we began to experience heavy losses among the ranks of Resistance fighters. But we helped wherever help was needed, no questions asked. By D-Day, June 6, 1944, we figured we had lost about two thousand fully active commandos. Latest evaluations showed that their life expectancy, from the day they entered the Resistance movement, had been three to six months. Their strength was augmented by many trusted contacts in a homogenous populations. After a month of fighting and building up the armed forces in Normandy, Eisenhower unleashed General Patton, and the Allied Forces began to make fast aEvances against strong German opposition. By the end of August the northern part of France and part of Belgium were free once more. �78 On September 1, the harbor city of Antwerp fell to the Allies, and on September 4, Hitler personally ordered the destruction of the harbors of Rotterdam and Amsterdam, which order did not go into effect until September 21. Heavy detonations could be heard twenty ~les away. So heavy were the continuous explosions, that in the Rotterdam sub~rb of Katendrecht four thousand families saw their homes destroyed. The destruction in Amsterdam was proportionate to that of Rotterdam, and that which once took decades of hard labor and persistence to built, in true entrepreneurial spirit, was destroyed in a matter of days. In Rotterdam, nine miles of wharf embankment was destroyed as were more than half of the hoisting cranes, all floating docks, all petroleum tanks ( even though they had been empty for a long time), shipyards and engineering works. Raw materials were transported in barges to Germany, were they would be used to rebuild Germany once the war was over. Ships were sunk in the main waterways connecting Amsterdam and Rotterdam to the open sea, obstructing all maritime traffic. Then there was the Field Marshall Montgomery blunder at Arnhem, when he ordered the British Airborne, ten thousand men strong, to land too far from the last bridge, needed by the Allied Troops to do any good. His miscalculation resulted in eight thousand either killed in action, or wounded and taken prisoners of war. Only 2000 survived. HRH Prince Bernhard, Commander of the Interior Forces, sounded bitter when he stated: 'My country can never again afford the luxury of another M~ntgomery success'. Meanwhile a mistaken radio news item in London named the Dutch city of Breda as the first liberated Dutch city. If true, there was only a fifty five mile gap left from Breda �79 straight north to the Zuiderzee, through which flight to Germany would still be possible. Wild panic broke out among the Germans and Dutch Nazis, as they fled all through the night towards Germany, either by foot or by any means of transportation they were able to steal. The German Command however regained contr"ol once again, as they opened the locks, flooding the low lying areas. Having to leave home as a fugitive, our first thoughts were for the family's well being. Part of that were the finances. Being self-employed in a partnership, we could count on a small monthly draw to continue. Furthermore, the L.O., organized underground, (L.O. stands for 'national organization') paid Janny a small stipend. They occasionally also provided some scarce food, such as cheese. The surrounding market gardens contributed cabbage, carrots and potatoes. These were sold in small quantities outside the rationing system. Janny only spent money for what was available on ration coupons and on what the village provided and not wanting to buy in the black market, items such as butter and meat were simply not on the menu. And that way she even managed to save some money. 1944: The rationing continues. September: All food and fuel rations are drastically cut. The remaining electricity ration is cut in half. We are forced to surrender any kind of textile products left in our homes. The city kitchen has opened her doors to the public and is allowed to supply a ration of maximum 600 calories per person. �80 December: Bread ration is cut to two pounds per week per person. Ground up bulbs (mainly tulips) are used as a substitution for flour. A total ban on electricity is announced. Homes are being tom up for firewood, kitchen doors, closet shelves, etc. The need is great for a little warmth or just to heat up a single pan. And as far as our beautiful trees are concerned, there are none left. 'Hunger trips' are a common occurrence in the farm country, as people knock on farm doors trying to buy, barter and, in some instances, 'steal'. Many people are utterly despondent, and desperate. Many die en route. September 17. 1944 OPERATION MARKET GARDEN Successful but not across the bridge, this operation imprisoned the population ~f the western Netherlands for its last, but most terrible war winter. For them freedom would still be eight months away, until May, 1945. To add to the devastation, we got hit with an unusually severe frost which lingered on. The only coal mines in Holland are to be found in the south eastern province of Limburg, but because of the railroad strike, coal was out of reach for the rest of the nation. - The strike, which had been ordered by the Dutch Government on September 17, 1944, at the time of the Allied airborne landings, was a total success. �81 As a result, however, we had to find hiding places for three hundred thousand men to protect them from being rounded up. Their families had to be paid a basic amount of money to be able to buy what little was made available on ration cards. The finances needed to keep_ the hiding places going and the care for the families of those men, who since 1940 had foughton the seas and in Normandy, had been guaranteed by our government in exile. The financing through the banking system was a major help in the underground struggle. Following the disastrous failure of the British Airborne attack near the city of Arnhem in September, 1944 food rationing was decentralized and became now a local responsibility. The size of the rations and its content depended fully on what was on hand locally. Furthermore, the German army closed off the western seaboard provinces by a 20 mile long cordon, which ran from the Rhine river, just west of Arnhem, all the way to the Zuiderzee. These provinces, the most heavily populated ones in the country, suffered terribly. The order by Nazi governor Seyss Inquart, to put an embargo on all shipments of food to the west of that cordon, was a major factor for the starvation rations. Food rationing in October, 1944 dropped to 1300 calories per person per week. In November it decreased to 950 calories, in December to 550 calories, ending in January, 1945 with only 340 calories per person per week. The north-eastern provinces of Groningen, Friesland, Drente and Overijssel managed to scrape by on 1300 calories per person per week from September 1944 till May, 1945. We weren't spared by the hunger either, which was weakening the health of our family. Infections were chronic, and on November 9, 1944 (the birthday of father C.B. �82 Termaat), Janny experienced a pre-mature birth in her four and one half months of pregnancy. Our family doctor, Willem Verdonk, feared for her life, and urged me to come out of hiding that night to be with her. Doctor Verdonk assisted us. It was a boy, so tiny in death, is features resembling those of Kees and Michie!. But there was no time to lose. I had to be gone by dawn. A box had to serve as a coffin and with our prayers, I carried him outside to the backyard, where I dug a grave. Then Janny and I said our goodbyes and I left again for my hiding place to continue the bitter struggle. Janny did not receive adequate food to regain her strength. Her mainstay was thin buttermilk porridge. A neighbor lady sacrificed some of her rations. "You need it more than I do", she said. In order to look for food, Janny's sister, Lyda, and I decided towards the end of December, 1944 to pay a visit to Oma (Grandma) Schuurman's relatives, who were still living on active farms. Riding our bicycles, we met the day after Christmas, early in the morning on the road towards the town of Purmerend. One bicycle had no tires at all, while the tires on the other one were in bad shape. We had planned to go through the Schermer polder towards Purmerend, and from there to the ferry in the Amsterdam harbor, if it seemed safe to do so. But a little ways outside of Alkmaar we experienced an unexpected obstacle. The Germans had flooded the polder to head off airborne attacks. So we rode our bicycles through the water as far as possible until we finally had to start walking. With cold, wet legs we at last reached Purmerend, and continued our journey along the canal towards Amsterdam. When we arrived at the ferry, we scanned for German u~forms. We were able to cross safely. We chose to find our way through east Amsterdam, thus avoiding the city center, which we knew was infested with Nazis. Once we reached the outskirts, we continued �83 to the town of Diemen, which was only a few miles down the road and from there we took the country road to Over-Diemen. The last farm on that country road, just east of the Amsterdam-Rhine canal, was the farm of Oma Schuurman's brother, nestled along the dike of the Zuiderzee. This was the family farm of the Hennipman's (Oma Schuurman's maiden name). Oma Schuurman, born in 1889 and her eldest daughter, my wife Janny, born in 1916, were both born on the same farm in the same room and in the same bedstead. We were warmly received, along with a hot meal. As we took our leave, we were given butter, cheese and some bacon to take back home with us. We chose the road to the west in order to cross the canal in the direction of the town of Hoofddorp, which was situated to the south of the Schiphol airport. However, when we arrived at the canal we noticed that the bridge we had wanted to cross was under construction. Only the piling, the side railings and a one foot long ledge, on which the steel beams were to be laid for the road deck, was all that existed. Neither the beams nor the deck were there. We had no other choice, however, but to get across and thus I took one of the bikes under my arm, and while holding on to the railing, walked across the ledge to the other side. Fifteen feet below me, the water with its floating ice, looked very uninviting in the gathering dusk. Coming back, I carried the second bike the same way. Next, I helped Lyda across. Safely back on our bicycles, just as we passed the Schiphol airport, we ran into a heavy fog. Finding the main road to Hoofddorp was not easy, but we did find it, nevertheless. Suddenly, from out of the fog, came a voice: "Wer da?" ("Who's there?"). We heard the bolt of a rifle thrown. Ignoring the command, we sped along the Middenweg till we reached the Roodenburg farm, which belonged to Opa (Granndpa) Schuurman's sister, who was married to Jacob �84 Roodenburg. Here too, we were warmly received. They fed us and invited us to stay overnight, since by now darkness had set in. The following morning, after breakfast, we were sent off with an amply supply of whatever the farm produced, among others several bags of beans and peas, which would go a long way to supplement the starvation diet of which we could not subsist. We thanked the Roodenburgs and left, carefully watching out for enemy checkpoints and platoons of the 'Landwacht'. These platoons were a particularly vicious uniformed group of Dutch Nazis, who roamed about roughing people up, sometimes even arresting them, confiscating whatever they carried on them. As a result, we occasionally checked with people before we decided to proceed in one or the other direction. Eventually, we decided to return to Alkmaar by making a wide circle around the Schiphol airport in the direction of the town of Velsen, where a ferry would take us across the wide and deep Noord Zee (North See) canal, which runs from the Amsterdam harbor into the North Sea. Once across, we would have a choice of several roads leading to Alkmaar. We made it safely across, but shortly afterwards we lost yet another tire. We managed to reach Limmen, a village several miles south of Alkmaar, and as dusk settled over the unlit road, we proceeded slowly with our precious load along the main road. When we reached Alkmaar we took the smaller side streets, which were so very familiar to us, until we at last reached Oma Schuurman's house, just before curfew time. Because of Janny's weakened condition, Oma Schuurman had ~aken her and our sons into her apartment in Alkmaar in February, 1945. As far as our home in Broek op Langedijk was concerned, we had gathered all our possessions into one large room and safely secured �85 it with a heavy lock. The remainder of the house was then rented out to a refugee family. My parents, Opa and Oma Termaat, were supplied with provisions by former soldiers, now farmers again. (My dad had been an aide-de-camp with the 15th Regiment Infantry). By March, 1945 however, their food supplies as well as those in Oma Schuurman's house had dwindled considerably and was reduced to a level of scarcity that begged for supplementation. Worsening the situation even more was the fact that Captain Vels Heyn was also in need of food for Resistance fighters hidden in the city. And so one day, I decided to make the four mile long walk along the back roads to the Langedijk were I knew a man by the name of Jonker, who operated a one-man transport business, using a horsedrawn flat-bed wagon with canvas sides and top. After talking to him, I found him willing to make a trip from Broek op Langedijk to Alkmaar. Several farmers on the way, who ( knew very well, were quite willing to sell us potatoes, huge carrots (in better days used for horse fodder), and cabbage at reasonable prices. I then returned to AJkmaar by myself and ventured into the city to visit a friend's house, who was the district president of the Chamber of Commerce. We discussed the various problems I was faced with, and what I had done so far to procure and transport food. It was now a matter of distribution. He was able to locate a dozen or so large, sturdy crates at no cost, as long as they were returned intact. Next, Mr. Jonker, once he had arrived in Alkmaar, loaded the crates onto his wagon and took them to Broek op Langedijk, stopping at the various farms I had suggested and fill them up with produce. I familiarized Jonker with his final destination, the house of Opa and Oma Termaat, and a day for the transport was chosen. Seated on a box, Jonker gently, and at a leisurely pace, guided his horse along. He managed to get into Alkmaar, across the Frisian �86 bridge, which was used by all traffic to and from all eastern directions and, with our help, unloaded the crates into the small barn behind the elder Termaat's house. The following days, as soon as dusk had set in, but well before curfew, an orderly distribution took place. For many it meant a lifeline during those last six weeks of occupation, and no one tried to profit unseemly from this operation. In the eastern part of Holland the battle still raged on. German anti-tank ditches needed to be dug and temporary airfields built, and thus the chase for forced labor was on. On October 7, 1944, raids on males between the ages of 16 and 60 take place in Amersfoort, Kampen and Utrecht. Soldiers seal off the streets and break into homes, carrying men and boys away like cattle, straight to waiting trains ready to take them to slave labor camps in Germany. The enemy uses any kind of tactic to make men between sixteen and sixty their target and sometimes they are caught by ruse. The moment the sirens go off and as people find shelter in their homes, the German troops move in, blocking every street. Then, as soon as the 'safe' sign is sounded, and the people are once more free to leave their shelters, the men are caught and marched to the train stations with only the clothes on their backs - destination: East. The first such raid takes place in Rotterdam on November 10 and 11, soon followed by the Hague, Amsterdam and Utrecht, the four largest cities. Rotterdam is sealed off by two German divisions, seven thousand men strong armed with machine guns and anti-aircraft guns. On November 10, between 4:00 and 7:00 a.m., the police has been disarmed and all telephone cables are blocked. Everyone has been given a written order to take warm clothing (few of them have any clothing left after four years of occupation) sturdy �87 shoes (wooden shoes were already at a premium), a blanket, a raincoat, eating utensils and food for one day. In return they are promised 'good food', cigarettes, 5 guilders a day and care for the family members who stay behind. Homes are broken into and combed for members of the Resistance, while others are driven irito the streets, marched off under armed guards and taken to large buildings. Many women assemble in front of the buildings where their loved ones are kept and in their burning hatred hurl verbal abuse at the German soldiers. When the men are being marched to the waiting trains or boats, they line up along the route, women and children, trying to get one last glance of their husband's or son's face. Men and women call to each other 'Courage', 'Orange forever'. Women cry, many pushing strollers. And then there are the elderly women losing their husbands, and young girls with their arms around their boy friends. The total catch in Rotterdam is sixty thousand men, of whom some then thousand are transported by train, two thousand five hundred by ship and some twenty five thousand on foot. And then the amazing solidarity of the Dutch people shines through. During short rest periods for those on foot, people from the neighborhoods, which they pass through, will give them what they think may be useful to them. The same thing is repeated where the barges are moored and at the locations where the trains stop. A large contingent of those on foot are forced to march to Amsterdam, where they are loaded onto small freighters and taken across the Zuiderzee to the cities of Kampen and Zwolle. In Kampen they are housed in the former van Heutz military barracks. The weather is cold and unsanitary conditions prevail. There is hunger and thirst and no medical assistance of any kind. Various kinds of �88 shock, caused by anxiety and rough treatment, begin to affect the nervous system as well as moral sensibility, but even more seriously and permanently affected is loss of personal dignity. Januaiy. 1945: 5 degree Fahrenheit In the big cities, the ties between the tram rails are broken out for fuel. No electricity, no heating gas, no food. Even the central kitchen, which has offered a thin soup, with unrecognizable content, comes to a halt. Babies and old people are the first victims. Mortality jumps three-fold. The dead are transported by push carts to the cemeteries. There is no wood for caskets and they are buried in mass graves. In the big cities, the dead are laid out on the stone floors of the old cathedrals. A Resistance SWAT team attacks S.S. Chief Rauter. The result is that two hundred political prisoners are shot. Between January 1 and May 1, 1945 a total of one thousand five hundred and seventy nine political prisoners are executed, which is three hundred and fifty one more than during the total period of 1940-1944. Meanwhile, as mentioned above, Janny had moved in with her mother. The following is her story. The final winter of the war was a terrible one for everybody. We knew that the Allied Forces were south of the rivers Rijn and Maas, but when would they come to free us? It had �89 been almost five years since the occupation and the tension was thick. The questions was: "When would we be free?" I had been alone since May, 1944. I was very weakened by the stillbirth of our third son, an9 I was glad when my mother invited me to move in with her and my two younger sisters, Lyda, twenty four years of age, and Greet, ten years old. This way, I would at least have some relief in the care of our children. At this time we were practically hiding in our own houses, trying to survive the ordeal. The Nazis were still after my husband and had even searched my mother's apartment, including the roof, but to no avail. In order to have some light in the evening we took turns riding the stationery bicycle, to which a dynamo was mounted, but most of the time we went to bed early. There, under the heavy covers, we could at least keep warm. Some times, while one pedaled the bicycle, one of the others would try to read in the light beam of the bicycle, but the moment the person would stop pedaling it became pitch dark. We kept ourselves busy with such daily chores as personal hygiene, the most necessary laundry and the preparation of meals. Toward the end we had to haul water in pails from an emergency community pump not too far away. Meanwhile, the rumors of the approaching Allies were flying and the Nazis were very jumpy. One had to be very careful not to become to daring. My brother Cor called attention to the fact that the family of Dr. J.B. van Amerongen, who made their home at the Wilhelminalaan in Alkmaar, had employed a �90 German nanny by the name of Ella Peterman, who hailed from the city of Cottbus. As it turned out, this city later became the final prison camp for Nel Lind, a young woman from Alkmaar, who, as a member of the Resistance, had been captured in Amsterdam by the Gestapo, and had subsequently received the death sentence. In the Cottbus camp, Ella Peterman had apparently been one of the wardens, but she had treated Nel Lind decently, as well as Gre Hekket, another death row candidate, and a distant relative. of ours. We were living on the Langestraat (the main street in Alkmaar) in an upstairs apartment. One afternoon, a German patrol came through the street, fully armed, carrying ammunition bands, wrapped around their shoulders, and pointing sub-machine guns at the windows. They were obviously trying to intimidate the population. We stayed away from the windows, but my husband, who had just recently joined us, awaiting the end of the war, had reached the end of his endurance. He could not take it any longer. He suddenly drew his revolver and aimed at the patrol. He was ready to shoot at them. Understandable but not smart. I begged him not to do it. For all our sake. After all, none of us would survive and we were so close to the end! He finally gave in to my reasoning and begging and had once again regained his self control. During that same week, on May 8, the Canadians came and freed us as they paraded past our apartment. We were so happy! We opened all the windows and while I played he piano, we all sang our national anthem and other patriotic songs. What a relief! Now we could begin to rebuild our lives and our country once again. Times were still very difficult �91 with everything still rationed, but we were free. Free to express ourselves, free to move about and free to walk the streets with no fear of curfew. Jbe little bit of food that is left is yet being rationed. 1945: January: Sugar Beets City kitchen ration is down to one pint per person per day. Water is only available per pail from newly dug wells in the city. January 28: A neutral Swedish ship, loaded with food, sails into the harbor of Delfzijl, a city in the far northeast part of Holland, which is now liberated. The provinces of Noord Holland, Zuid Holland, Utrecht and part of Limburg are still occupied. April 24: The city kitchen is forced to close, since food is no longer available. The German High Command refuses to allow food drops by the Allies. April 26: German Governor to the Netherlands, the Austrian born Seys lnquart, designates a few cities where food drops by Allied planes is allowed without German interference. April 29: R.A.F. food drops take place near the Hague, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Haarlem, Alkmaar and Gouda. �92 May 2: Allied food transports by road are allowed to pass through German lines. Sprin~. 1945: Bomber Command tries to bomb the rocket sites in a park in The Hague. A mix-up in the coordination causes the bombs to drop on a densely populated area. More than 500 dead, many more wounded, three thousand three hundred houses destroyed, one thousand two hundred houses heavily damaged, twelve thousand people homeless. During the five years of war a total of between forty and fifty five million soldiers and citizens have been killed. Burning dry eyes in a drawn face, embittered to a skin tight mask, the young widow stood in front of the window of her neighbor's farm. Carrying her baby on her arm, she stared at the still smoldering ruins of the small farm house and barn, which until a short while ago had been theirs. In young married bliss their first child was born just a few months ago, but their happiness was not meant to last. The SS had swooped down in their vehicles from both sides of the road, and surrounded the farm. They had driven her husband, herself and their child out of the home, while they had searched the house throughout, breaking open the - walls, ceilings and floors. Angered by the fruitless search, they had put a revolver against her husband's head, demanding to find out the whereabouts of two American flyers who had �93 been hidden in the area some weeks prior. Then, the Dutch Nazi, standing behind the SS officer, had spoken up: That's the man, Herr Kommandant'! Next, there had been a sharp sound, and her husband had fallen to the ground of his own farm yard, his hands digging the good earth, in a final sp~m. Before they had left, the SS had torched the buildings, preventing anyone of trying to rescue anything inside. A few of the Germans had walked up to the barn and had methodically shot the cows. Our longtime friend, Jan Walter, was shot nearby. Monday. May 7. 1945: Amsterdam liberated. Enthusiastic crowds gather on the Dam Square, in front of the Royal Palace. Women, who have fraternized with the Germans, have their heads completely shaven. A German naval detachment fires at random into the crowd. Twenty two dead, sixty wounded - the compliment of a sore looser. At the start of the war no one knew what the future would bring, nor how long the occupation would last, but one unyielding conviction we maintained: 'liberation from this evil regime must come.' It would later be said that the imperviousness of the Dutch people, as a whole, to Nazi contamination must be credited to the basic characteristics of its society, rather than to external circumstances. It was foremost the fact thatjn Holland the family and the churches had not abdicated their character-shaping and opinion-forming functions to the state and political groupings. The basic family unit and the churches were �94 comparatively inaccessible to Nazi ideology and could not be made to conform. The following is a summary of the losses suffered by the Railway System: 12J2 1945 Steam Locomotives 872 126 85.5 Passenger Cars 1702 146 85.9 Luggage Cars 1236 0 100 and Cars 667 0 100 Gas-driven Vehicles 38 I 99 Loss in% Electrical Locomotives Freight Cars 26856 445 98.3 Total Losses 31371 718 97.7 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_WRI_Fatherland-Full Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Pieter Title A name given to the resource Our Fatherland Description An account of the resource Memoir by Pieter N. Termaat of the Nazi Occupation of the Netherlands during World War II. Subject The topic of the resource Dutch World War, 1939-1945 -- Netherlands World War, 1939-1945--Occupied territories Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ec630aa7a3f34864fe76d218a3e1e735.pdf 90cdddd29d054028bd9557d475f26d47 PDF Text Text GVSU From the middle of the 1930ties, the seemingly parallel lines of development of Germany, Italy, Spain and Japan were being forged into diplomatic contacts to bend these lines to a point certain where they would converge and then intersect. Together they pursued ~eo-political goals from the A~lantic to the Urals and in the Pacific a mare nostrum for ZJapan. In Europe a defense system was pursued from the North Cape to tne Spanish border; Norway, Denmark. Holland, Belgium and France would have to be taken after wnich tne ultimate goal - - - - - - ~of congering England would De reached. The German High Command , at·ter the det·eat in WWI I where a cease fire in 1918 made the allied armies come to a halt short of enterl.ng Germany, set the goal for the next war. Japan after winning a war against Russia in 1904 - 1905 Decame the first Asian state to defeat a European power and conceived a stat,egy to conquer Korea, Mansjuria · - •• and in particular the Netherlands East Indies. ere raw materials were availabie l.n abundance , as ..._ -.- WPr.> labor • The conquest of the west of Europe would lay a protective shield in front of Germany's heavy war ind.~try in the Ruhr , and wnen WWII started. Heil.and and Belgium bor.e"~unt of tne newly developed air forces, besides for Germany being the jumP-off point for the attack on England, and for the Allies a point of entry into Europe for Germany's defeat. - - - -- - On September 10, 1943 Hitler's right hand man Joseph Goebbels wrote 1n nis diary : 11 The FUhrer expects the Anglo-American invasion attempt to come in The Netherlands. We are the weakest there, and the population would be most inclined to give the necessary local support for such an undertaking, As everybody knows, tne Dutch are the most insolent and obstreperous people in the entire west." - - -- - - ~Quote, unquote. - - - - -- For Germany, Italy, Japan and Spain it was clear that they would have only one chance to achieve their goals: a oordinated and fast attack. In a mi~ ary conflict a strong economic base is more vital in the long term than military superiority. Stretching militarily beyond what taeir economies will sustain, nations are looking for a fall. History gives us concrete examples: the Hapsburg monarchy went unier througn deficit financing and inflation; Spain's Philip II with a large deficit• attacking Holland , Belgium and England, with the Duke of Parma's landing Army contained by the Dutch shallow draft war snips, while the larger Dutch and English war ships defeated the foolish toP-heavy ships of the Armada ,. with all the refined tools of torture froma Torquemada aboard. And we ourselves are hard put to fulfill the mili~ary obligations which came to us at the brilliant victories over the Axis powers, in 1945 • � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_WRI_Lecture-Notes-322 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Pieter Title A name given to the resource Lecture Notes Description An account of the resource Lecture notes by Pieter Termaat about the rise of fascism in Europe and the lead up to World War II. Subject The topic of the resource Fascism Germany -- Social conditions Social conditions Germany Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8c6a6ef4fceaf7322a08d927c573513a.pdf 825e07e5ae1fec012feecfb1f9a89102 PDF Text Text The elation of victory has become the memory of the elderly. There boiled in us a powerless rage; and the normally stolid people, do have the propensity for a wild outburst of fury. Once the 5 long years of enemy occupation were over with its violence, its terror and the total desbuction of freedom the longing for the liberation had become a fervent hope that from that day on happiness and savoring of freedom would continue for the same amount of time. It was not to be. This unhappy composition of humam nature has as its result that no suffering, no violation of mind or body, no destitution nor fighting the good fight, is properly recognized and honored. Payment has been in blood, tension and risk, but in exchange come~ only a few days of elation and the hope that all will soon improve must be payment en~ugh. The great anticipation becomes sufficient reWfFd No architect builds a house without ca culating the forces of gravity. It should be no different when we build our societies, The essential needs of the human being, the characteristics of his mind and organs his relation with his envirement , all these are easily subjected to scientific observation. mnitil now man has been occupied with availing himself of all the abundance of the 1',net and dazzled by the material results of his scientific advances. But now civilization has reached a point where it U~eatens to destroy mankind. The unprecedented dangers of warfare with modern weapons, the imbalance between riches and poverty that has given birth to Marxisme and Communism and the retreat from morality in public and private life, we need not describe in detail. We have put so much emphasis on intei lect and so little on moral sense. One of the qualities of the intellect is its inability to understand life. Moral sense is so much more important than intellect, When that disappaears from a nation, everuthing else begins to crumble • But how is it to be done on a great enough scale to reverse the flow of materialism in our civilization; how do you change the motives of men? Obviously from the top down. Having received a Hi gh School or College diploma , does not mean that you are educated • At be·s t you have been opened up a permanent wish, even hunger , for more information, more good thoughts, more ideas. There is low road, the minimum road which will provide a living or get by socially. The other, the high road leads you to read a couple of books every month for the rest of your life, to conceive and carry ~ut fresh ideas and work at them. And you, young men and women who are in your junior and senior years, cab be a solid guide to freshmen and sophomores, simply by your attitude and your behavior . �Having had a solid formal education has been through life a good foundation. High schools and colleges should introduce subjects that will tie in with the later needs of the graduates in the real world. We will have to teach them history and geography simultaneously as both these subjects are intertwined Specialization will be beneficial but it also may make communication between the technical ( the so~called beta's) and the salespeople ( the alpha's) • Bothalpha and beta are based on the system of higher education in The Netherlands, where at an early stage is being determined which school will be attended. The Netherlands' resistance operated behind enemy lines, atacking them whereever possible, preferably where they were most vulnerable. Writing about their exploits, based as it is on historical events requires some research and one's own experience. Like most men who have experienced extensive combat, resistance members are notoriously closemouthed about their exploits and generally unwilling to talk about themselves. Since however it is germane to the overall story (history) the more factual material as can be gathered and made relevant, do belong to be put in writing. Frightened people do frightful things In the night from March 11 to 12 , 1938 /\.ustrian authorirties invited the German in: Heim ins Reich ( Back to the fatherland) ~nschluss ( one state) ; the prodigal son coming home; the correction of a historical mistake. On April 10, 1938, one moneh later a referendum was held and 99.75 %of the voters approved what had happe:imed. Europe would pay a high price: 70 of the Gestapo was composed of Austrians • On order of the Cabinet in London in September 1944, all resistance groups would be bound together into a unified fighting force. Those in the Resistance from the beginning clearly saw the danger of infiltration of such a force by traitors or by individuals who before D-day had been laying low or worse had been cozying up to the occupier. There fears became in many an instance true. ~dd to this the total inexperience in intelligence work and in the field of panning and executing the hard and stern work of striking there where it counted, and you have a situation where efforts were wastmd and mresulted in very many unnecessary casualties. Enemy infiltration became also an ever present danger. �Returning refugees; memories endure. In 1945 Britain sent back to their homelands, and death, 70,000 Cossacks and Jugoslavs. Nobody wants to see a repetition of that For most of todays boatpeople the impetus is that of wanting a better life. There is nothing wrong with that. It is the same impetus impetus that brought the forebears of most living ~mericans to the U.S., Many of these "boat" people also risked their lives in crossing the Atlantic; no one turned them back at Ellis island because of an inability to prove persecution back home. The unduckable problem to day is in the numbers . ¢Faced with so many, western countries, even ~merica have long abandonned any pretense of indiscriminatingly accepting everyone. Most have decided that you can gain admission quickly if you are rich, useful, related to a citizen of the country, or a refugee escaping specific persecution. If not you must take your place in a queue as an ordinary immigrant. El DI Seek purpos-e and duty as an ideal. Power and fame fade always. Nothing in life just happens; you have to have the stanmila to meet obstacles and overcome them and to struggle without ceasing. the questions are simple What happened and why did it happen? What might have happened, and why did i~ not. under the evanescent surface, only a few countries remain in ~sia. that are in control of themselves: these are Indonesia and Thailand. Octavias Ceasar told Cleopatra's story to the Romans in their four principles 1. foreigners are inferior 2. women are inferior 3. a man dominated by a woman is no longer a real man 4. such a man is unaccountable for his crimes: the fault is the moman's. �Thomas Jefferson, asserted that whenever a man has casts a longing eye on public office , a "rottenness " begins in his conduct . Too often since 1945 , loudly confident Americans, have so got up the noses of other nations, that they have achieved the precise opposi~te of their intentions. quote: the strong one is mighty_ alone. marriage is a bond of servive and honors are a cult by themselves events command; we perform make it your hobby my sons, to watch the show go by. and know yourself_ there is but one first aid - help yourself in hindsight, how it all fits together, all of life. there is danger everywhere down here and that too is necessary. poverty: the school of vice and joyous ia who can find joy the currant does not know itself your mind has to be tormented and exalted, before you can see God that is hard Death and life are in the power of the tongue; and they that love it shall eat the fruit thereof. Proverbs 18:21 Plato: Education does not consist in telling people new things it consists in extracting from their memories what they already know. In the 19J0ties, it proved much easier to recruit committed antifascists in Europe for espionage work than for fascisme to recruit its very limited band of supporters abroad. �They had just stepped away from the road when they saw an army truck roll kl by, filled with soldiers with their rifles at the ready. They could not make out what unit they were from J ......:.f- M ~ J ~~ From the road the meadow was sloping down to the river. They kept running until they reached the bank. Crouched behind the summer diEke they kept running towards the city and only stopped when they saw the i:la:m!:e lumber mill. The willows on the other side had some branches deeply ha~ ng till they reached the water. Th~ river seemed wider than it appeared durin~ the summer. The water was high, swollen by the rains that always c~me in abundance during the fall. Its current was swift with treacherous whirlpools in the middle and near the stretch dams built into the river on the outside of its many vurves • They could hear the water scour the low dikes. The moon light was reflecti ~ 1 in the myriad little waves and the depth of the water seemed uncertain. It was hard now to measure the distance to the other bank. Though the oppositebank looked quite uninhabited , they knew that even if they managed to swim across, they would later have to proceed across the only bridge that crossed the river in the hiiddle of the city. There would undoubtedly be guards onE the bridge and even if they managed to bring their small weapons and ammunition wrapped in oil cloth across safe and dry, the thought of running into the guards seemed out of the qµestion • In the summer in bright daylight you could cross the river swimming, even when the melting snow from the t1.lps had swollen the the stream and speeded its course. You only had to swim diagonally with the flow and not fight it to cross straight. ot ~nd crossing here, and then proceed north to the brige and cross the river again when the bridge was in sight was too risky. The current could smash them into one of the bridge piles, and even in the pale moonlight they would be visible from the bridge or its heads and draw fire from the guards. -L..-r, · � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_WRI_Lecture-Notes-Advice Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Pieter Title A name given to the resource Notes and advice to young people Description An account of the resource Notes by Pieter Termaat about the Dutch resistance movement and advice to young adults. Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Netherlands -- History -- German occupation, 1940-1945 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/190ca0d498eb08dfc67b37cda70f177b.pdf 07c9e1925f2b8f1269073d847cb94419 PDF Text Text The goal of the Axis powers in its major attacks was to obtain contro~ of the opponents economic infra-structure and as much as proved possib~e and to obtain it in the best possible condition. The economic infra-structure intact. offers the occupying forces valuable help. If the major attacks destroy too much, the rebuilding of the infra-structure in war time defies the imagination, logisLically. a Regrdless of the system mankind lives under those in power rest their hope on the public's amnesia. It has become the invaluable achievement of the underground press and of tne British Broadcasting Company that amnesia aid not occur. The hope for tne great goal of the wettern democracies to be free again under the rule of law, was kept alive, its flame never was extinguished. ana 1£ one bearer of the flame fell, other hands gripped the torch tightly and carried it forward. That is one side of the human factor. The opposillte represents the inexactness of social studies in evaluating human behavior as inexact asi: the stux:dy of economics has proved to be. Roger Morris who served on the National Security Counci~ under the Johnson and Nixon administrations, recently wrote about our capacity to take the devil as an ally. He starts to say : " It was a rare , fleeting , ugly glimpse into the aark unaerside of American foreign policy, a worid that 1·ew of us can imagine " And speaking in that artic.i.e about tne CIA. he states "The C!A and its predecessor, the old offoce of Strategic Services, harbored and hired Nazi war criminals as allies against tne Sovjets in the early days of the cold war. For tne SS and Gestapo officers, no questions were asked." Paul de Man, a Belgian is a perfect example. During the NAZI occupation of his country he wrote some 100 articles and book reviews, always rabid ant.i-Semitic in the Nazi newspaper Le Soir. Yet he became a professor at Yale, teaching 11 deconstruction" amethou, not a coherent boday 9f knowledge, Which in effect a vast amnesty project for the politics 01· collaboration during WWil. IffY In this connection l want to repeat personal conviction that despite the exponencially exploded literature about nazism and fascisme, tnere remains a wide gap, which can only be filled. by a study in all West European countries of the newspapers and magazines that were allowed to appaer during the 5 years of occupation. David Lehman wrote a lucid article about Paul de Man in Newsweek and m:, remarks are being attributed to him, but ffiey struck the still VJJry sensitive strings in me which longed for just such a study. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_WRI_Lecture-Notes-historical-context-325 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Pieter Title A name given to the resource Lecture Notes Description An account of the resource Notes by Pieter Termaat on the goals of the Axis powers during World War II. Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1939-1945 Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/45638bd1432bcb4a87f877b3a1ad1717.pdf e8e4984ff6029ade7b852ee3fc1df795 PDF Text Text Pieter Terma.a. t r:a.rch 7, 19ll.J :3o:r:n Pass In Revue : 1914-1935 The Formative Years �To Honor My Father /\.nd Mother �-1- I was born in the kingdom of The Netherlands in the small town of Kampen near the delta of the IJssel River, northern most branch of the river Rhine. About 1920 this city had approximately 20,000 inhabL tants. It is an ancient town, in the early Middle Ages already a member of the Hanseatic League, and its ships traded as far as the Baltic Sea. Centuries later the river sanded up and the town's merchants' ships were idled, leaving regional freighters of shallow draft and fishing vessels which plied their trade on the Zuiderzee. After the middle of the nineteenth century a military garrison was established and barracks built and expanded to a sizeable complex later named the Van Heutsz Kazerne after a well-known general. The Termaat family was well established in the seventeenth century in the province of Noord-Holland in the northern most area known as West Friesland ~n the village of Schermerhorn where they were dairy farmers. The oldest record so far is that of the church grave of Jan Barendsz in 1640. In the year 1664 J. Termaat is recorded. as Dike Reeve, a term denoting president of the regional council charged with the upkeep of the dikes against the onslaught of the sea. Schermerhorn is situated on bogland, a narrow strip of land between what were the Schermer and Beemster Lakes, drained in 1635 and 1611, respectively, and turned into luscious meadowland. At that time, except for dairy farming, fishing was important as the two lakes had access to the sea. These intrepid fishermen fished as far north as Spitsbergen and the Barents Sea (Dutch names both) and at some present day farms there are still whale bones to be seen, standing upright in the meadows for the cattle · to chafe their hides on. The province of NoordHolland contained 43 lakes in the Middle Ages, many interconnected and with access to the sea. In the year 1801, Cornelis Termaat moved from Schermerhorn to the outskirts of the city of i\.lkmaar where he built a brick dairy farm with stables and haylofts and bought four parcels of grazing land in the Overdie polder. The family continued its farming until late in the nineteenth century when they sold their farm and land because of the expanding city. They then continued selling dairy products until rrry Grandfather Pieter Termaat's death in 1901. Part of the barn was still standing in 1980 (see pictures). In 1876, Alkmaar had 12,000 inhabitants. It was then the seat of a federal district court and a provincial court. There was a raiL road passenger depot, a federal telegraph office and a mint mark office for gold and silver. The city was a center for the cheese and cattle trade. In one year, five million pounds of cheese were sold and 100,000 head of cattle traded. Grain and seed trade amounted to nine million pounds per annum. The city was a key district for the election of members to the Second House of representatives and for members of the �-3- In Kampen there ~also two officers' candidate schools, one named the Cursus on the corner of the Vloeddijk and the ~lverhekkenweg, and the Hoofdcursus situated on the Korenmarkt next to the Bovenkerk. After graduating from the Cursus one could enter the Hoofdcursus for further studies for field officer. Da.d was named intendant of the buildings of the Cursus and the fami}y moved in 1916 into the apartment of the main building. Both my brothers_ Jan in 1916, and Cornelis Barend in 1918 _ were born there. We grew up in military surroundings and atmos:phere and the many pictures of that time show me included with many groups of officer- candidates. Da.d was master on foil, sabre, and sword and in bayonet fighting and taught these skills. He was about five feet, nine inches tall, broad-chested, strong armed and liked a good time. The year 1918 delivered hard blows to our fami}y. My little brother Jan died at the age of two of appendicitis within weeks of the death of Jan Harms, my maternal Grandfather, on}y to be followed by the death of Rinske Harms, my maternal Grandmother, within a year. Our Mother never could quite adjust to the death of a child and her parents in such a short timespan and her nervous makeup received another jolt at the onset of menopause. All Mother's symptoms point to Hypoglycemia. Letters from the physician who attended my brother Jan, and upon his death, from my Uncle Pieter, will be added at the end of this history. My memories of these events are weak and fleeting. I do, however, remember vividly the birth of my brother, Cornelis Ba.rend, on January 2, 1918. Dad brought me into the bedroom to see my new brother and my mother. The window was part}y open and I was told that the stork had brought him. /\.pparent}y I figured that if the stork brought, he could also take away so I kept as far as I could from that window. The death of my brother Jan two months later I do not remember nor do I remember anything about him even though my parents told me later that for weeks and months I kept searching the house for him and calling his name. I remember that my maternal Grandfather had a long beard and walked somewhat stooped over with a cane. Once he took me to the park (the plantsoen at the end of the Kalverhekkenweg along the Third Ebbingestraat). ~ duck bit me in the finger while being fed and Grandfather chased him off with his cane. This must ha~ occurred in 1917. My Mother told me later that he had been bad}y injured in 1911 while installing a vault door in Zwolle. He was never able to work again and his family went through hard times. Besides their own house they also owned two more houses that were rented. These had to be sold to supplement the meager income the sons and dau~hters earned as apprentice carpenters and seamstresses, This entire family was very dextrous and hard-working. When my Hother told me about these very difficult years she sometimes had tears in her eyes and would say, "But we never accepted help from any_ body • 11 �/\bout my maternal Grandmother I remember a few more incidents. Cne is that she let us play in a wooden bathtub with a toy boat in her house; another that she brought me up from the cellar when I apparently had climbed down and could not get up a.gain, The most vivid memory I have of her is that of walking next to her while her long skirts gently swayed as she walked. She carried a f: reen (enameled?) pail filled with buttermilk in which a. ?olden lump of butter bobbed up and dovm. I remember this as somethin~ beautiful. i\t her confession of faith at a~e 18 in 1878 her parents gave her the beautiful shawl which I inherited. From friends she acquired the wooden tub with brass bands for the family use of butter churned on the fa.rm. This I also inherited as well as the daffodil decorated milk pitcher. I remember Christmas Day in the Noorderkerk with my pa.rents and Grandmother present where I was one of the children to recite a. Biblical verse. The- one I had to recite I still remember: Isaiah 9:6, "For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given; and the government shall be upon his shoulder. i\.nd his name shall be called ·wonderful, Counsellor, The I•!ighty God, the Everlasting ~a.th.er, 'I'he Prince of Peace." Was it Christmas, 1917, or 1918? Most likely the latter. my After I attained the age of five I had only one grandparent left - my paternal Grandmother, who, after beil"..g widowed in 1901, had remarried. Her second husband I s name was Willem /\arts and he fully deserved the name of Grandfather which I a.ddressoo him by. He was very gentle and industrious and often took me with him to the land behind his green grocer's store where he raised a variety of ve~etables. He taught me their names and showed me how to remove weeds and of the danger of coming too close to his four wells. They were deep and used for a dry spell to bring up water by means of pail and chain. On his land and where the store was now stands a. great school, the Linden.. school on the Lindenla.an. 11y Grandmother was as tall as m.Y father and wore the West Frisian costumes which differed on weekdays from those worn on Sundays. Then she would wear a 1.:;olden skullcap with white lace over it with embroidery spreading out and a jeweled pin on each side of her forehead, She was a very strong woman who walked with us tirelessly. Her inheri_ ta.nee from her first husband Pieter Termaat, was substantial, Grandfather Pieter Terma.a.t used our copperpot, tinned on the inside, to cream milk which floated on top after standing overnight, On advice of her banker, "de Lange & de Horaa.z, 11 she, like so many others, invested in stock (she for 60,000 guilders) whose issue was to build the Transsiberian Railroad to Wladiwostok on the Pacific. In 1917, Lenin took over from the Czar and all of this stock became worthless, The Russians had the railroad but invalidated all foreign debts. Even after that loss, which can be measured by the price of an average middle-class home which was 2,000 guilders at the time, she and Grandfather /\ arts were well off as he continued his workinrr life until the mid-nineteen-twenties. When our family were f!Uests during our StL"!J.mer va... cation she used to rent an open landau with a coachman and we would ride from ~lkmaar to 3ergen and then south to ~gmond alon~ the foot of the dunes and from there back to 1\lkmaar. We stopped for lunch at a. place �-5- where there were playgrounds with swings and teeter-totters, etc. In the nineteen-twenties trains still ran as public transportation between i'\.lkmaar and Schoorl, i'\.lkmaar and Bergen, and Alkrnaar and Egmond. My parents took us in the summertime bJ train to Schoorl where there was a. restaurant at the foot of the dunes and behind it a high dune where we, w.i.th effort, climbed up and slid or rolled down. Grandma, who then was in her mid-seventies, went up with us and came down the way we did. She had something indomitable a.bout her, a character trait which runs strongly in West Friesland and of which our family has its share. Once, in her old age Yrhen her eyesight was failing, she missed her footing while walking and fell into a. small canal. She managed to get out by herself and walk back home on her own. As the traffic pattern changed from the horse and buggy days to motorcars she could not or would not adjust and kept on crossing the road anywhere she pleased to the great discomfort of my parents and my u.11.cle. "They will not kill an old woman," she used to say. Some logic! Both she and Grandpa A.arts passed a.wa..y in 1932 1-Jhen I was 18. During vacations we alternated between them and my uncle and aunt's house at Kerkplein 8 next to the Groote Kerk, the Reformed Cathedral. It is now the second house from Police Headquarters. Uncle Pieter was my Dad's only brother. Two other brothers had died within a month after their births. My aunt was the former Trien van Herwerden from the village of Nieuwe Niedorp. They were a cordial couple and had one son also named Pieter, born in 1909. My Aunt contracted tuberculosis which paralyzed her legs. In the morning my Uncle would. carry her down from the upstairs bedroom to the daybed in the living room where she stayed all day until bedti::ne when he carried her upstairs a.gain. I do not remember having ever seen her walk. She died in 1926 a.nd my cousin Pieter, their only son, could not have children and died at the age of Lt2 in June, 1950. Hy Uncle Pieter died at the a.~e of 57 in 1942. Up to the mid-nineteen-twenties, there was a quiet quality of life in all the smaller cities. Radio and television were unknown. Horse drawn tilburies and la.ndaus were Renerally the local means of transportation second only to walkinp; and cycling . The doctor, for example, made his house calls in a small horse dra1-m coach. :1ercha.ndise was moved. by boat and small canal freieshters between 50 and 100 tons did a thriving business. Locally the merchandise was moved by horse dra1-m wae-ons, be_ tween shipboard or mill and destination. I saw my first airplane about the mid-twenties when a small sea plane landed in the IJssel River. And so the skies were quiet as well. Autos were far from coIT!!Tlon. The streets were paved with bricks and most houses were also built from brick. The brick was baked from clay dug from the numerous rivers and so provided cheap building material. :•:any side streets, how_ �ever, were made from cobble stones of granite, centuries old, and the ironclad wheels of the wagons would i:; enera.te a loud noise in passim; . In those narrow streets you learned to jump out of the wa,y fast if a horse did the inevitable. I n tha.t quiet small town atmosphere my brother and I grew up. When it was dark early , kerosene lamps still lif hted many a home and for street lighting ~as was in general use. Towards dusk, city workmen with long sticks to which a copper hook was attached, pulled a cha.in on the lamp at day break and sunset. We did have gaslight when I was 7 or 8 years old and in our hall burnoo a small copper oil lamp made by my maternal gra_rid.father, which I was so fortunate to inherit. Cooking was still often done on kerosene heaters of different sizes. ~mong the games we played were several different ones at marbles, the season for which started when it became colder but before the snow came. Cold fingers impaired accuracy often. Boys had hoops, sometimes made of wood and kept going by hitting it with a stick; and sometimes ma.de of iron which had a stick attached to it with a wide ring so that it could be maneuvered. :5'1ying kites was the springtime entertainment and if you had a good one you could send up messaGes written on pa.per which was then folded around the rope; if all went well the wind would blow the message right up to the kite. Walking stilts and jumping narrow, water-filled ditches were always fun. 1:<'rom strips of willow bark we braided a. doughnut sha.pe called 11 toessebolte 11 with a string also made of willow bark attached to it. Twirling it fa.st, you let go and whoever threw farthest won. If you cut your hand there -was always a member of the plantain famiJ.y. We chewed a leaf of it and applied that to the cut arrl the bleed.in~ would stop. Playing as a group, we would have access to many !llaterials and mutual help. Every boy worth his salt had a ? Ood pocketknife. T,,Je cut a fork from a tree branch and shaped it to form a V with a handle. From an old innertube we cut strips which we attached to the fork. ~ thin piece of leather at the end served as a good hold and we got pro_ jectiles from a metal factory where they punched holes into iron sheets. I cannot say that these primitive slin~shots were always put to legal use. When we had snow and ice - not alway s an assured happening every winter - we skated and our family had a large bo:x-type sled that seated my brother arrl I. At home we often played with a steam machine which in turn powered smaller toy implements. He played a lot with a good-sized wooden drawbridge, a source of fancy fantasies when we com,_ bined it with the many building blocks we had. In the wintertime our house was coey and warm. r-:other would sit in her cha.ir sewing- or darning by the light of an oil la.mp with a warm yellow shade. This lamp I also inherited, as well as the five antique oriental blue porcelain pieces and a multicolored, oriental design bowl made in ~'faastricht. �-7- In Harch, the lapwing returned from its winter quarters in Egypt and the search for their eggs was permitted but were they ever hard to find! The lapwing is a master of deceit in leading you away from the nest in the grass even going so far as to act crippled. In that time, Mother would often sing for my brother and I to teach us songs and the scene is still joyfully vivid in my mind. Mom had fine manual dexterity and sewed, knitted, and darned a great deal of our clothes. She was an excellent money manager and often surprised my Dad with money she had saved up for a trip or a special outing. Dad was very much the outdoors and sports type. f.rom J\pril to September the three of us would get up at six a.m., jump on our bikes and ride to the swimming pool, a fifteen minute ride. Then women and girls had separate hours for the use of the pool. This pool was situatoo in the river just outside the Boven.. haven. The city had two harbors, both rather small. In the southern pa.rt the Boven (unstrea.m) harbor and in the northwest downstream the Bui ten (outer) harbor. The former was also used to store the swim.Tiling pool in the winter and as a sailboat anchorage. The latter was used by commercial fishermen. The swimming pool was large, made from cement caissons with individual cabins built all a.round and contained three pools. One was for small children, ver'J shallow and maybe two feet deep. The second was larger and about three feet deep, outfitted with the swimming instruction gear. This consisted of a wooden pole with a sturdy rope at the end of which a broad adjustable belt was attached to fit the pupil around the waist. Instruction was given by the bathmasters. The third pool took up almost two-thirds of the complex, had no bottom but the riverboo and had a one meter divim~ board. In the middle a small platform was built over four barrels which floated and were kept in place by steel cables. Additional cables were strung at two more places about two feet above the water so that one could hang to take a rest. The river then was still unpolluted and a mouthful did not hurt you. Your certifL cate was issued after a test which included swimming three times around the large pool at breaststroke, once at backstroke and one jump from the diving boa.rd. Carpeted steps were at every corner of the three pools. As soon as we arrived and had changed into our bathing suits, we jumped in - descending the stairs was considered kid-stuff according to Dad. We swam for half an hour, jumped, dove, and played ball as an exercise for waterpolo. The swimming was in the full current of the river as it ca.me a.round the bend just above the pool. Swimming against that current in July and i\ugust was ha.rd because the stream had swollen from melting snow and ice in the mountains. Then we bicycled back home where Hom had prepared the usual breakfast: thick oatmeal with brown sugar and a glass of milk. J\.fter that we walked to school a.lorn~ the Vlooodijk (literally the flood-dike which in old times protected the city against high water before the walls were built two blocks farther out) to the Luttekes school so named after the headmaster. This parti_ �cular great school was a 9reparatory school for further study. Both my parents were voracious readers and visits to the local library were a regular occurence. The library was located on the Oudestra.a.t near the Town Hall and called the "Gothic House." It dated back to the t-1iddle Ages and is a magnificant example of the craftmanship of the guild.masters. This may be said equally of the To1-m Hall and its interior. In this librarJ I became acquainted for the first time with the fascinating National Geographic, and I remember very well that it was my wish that as a grownup I would be able to subscribe to it. A family by the name of Hond.ius retired after raising their children and moved avray and my Dad bought their family library and so my brother and I received a great mnnber of children I s books, travel adventures from Jules Verne, Worishoffer, Karl May, Johan Kievit, etc., as well as many history books about the 80 years war of Liberation against S~ain, the Boer War iin South Africa, etc. The high point of Kampen's life was the Queen's Birthday on August 31st. The streets were adorned with spruce and fir boughs. Flags were everywhere, many with the oranfse pennant. Bands marched, f!a..l'!les were played, parades held and. the day ended with a fireworks display across the river with cro'Wcl.s watching on the city's quays. In the year 1923, both officers' candidate schools were trans_ ferred to the city of Breda in the southern part of the count~J called Noord-Braba.nt and. were established as the Koninklijke f,~li tairy Academie (Royal "Military A.cademy). Dad was transferred to the Arnhem garrison in Janua~J, 1924. After the first world war, in which The Netherlands remained neutral, there was for several years a shorta~e of housing and our house on the Dr. Kuiperstraat was not quite ready when we arrived. We stayed for several weeks in the Hotel r.feeberg near the Willemsplein. In the morning a cavalry regiment would pass_ on occasion in bright dress uniform. From the hotel to the river Rhine was only a short brisk walk. When we moved into our house, the moving company from Kampen had diffi_ culty reaching us as the street was still in the process of being paved. Little could anyone imagine that twenty years later one of the bloodiest blunders of the second world war would take :.=,lace right here. Hy brother entered the first grade and I continued in the fourth grade in a school on the same street where we lived. Later I was transferred to a prep school do1-mtown to which I commuted by tramway. As soon as the weather improved we took to our bikes and made trips all around Arnhem a..Yid to surrounding villages. The Open /\.ir ?•Iuseu.l'!l had been opened to the public a few years before. On Sunday evenin~s there were concerts at Sonsbeek in a park setting , vrhi.ch had a restaurant, playgrounds and a small waterfall under which there was a. :!)assaf!' eway. �-9- SWimming in the Rhine River was even more of a challen~e than in the IJssel River in Kampen. The PJrl.ne is broader and flows faster. ~fter entering The Netherlands at Lobith, the river splits into river_ beds - the Waal River which flows past Nijmegen and takes half of the flow and the rest continues as the Rhine River. Just before Arnhem, the IJssel River splits off and flows north while the PJrl.ne turns west. We visited Oosterbeek and Velp and the castle am. grounds of Roosendaa.1. The latter had two main attractions for us: a chain brid~e over a small brook (chains were hanf ing over the brook and narrow slats had been fastened to them providing a safe but wobbly passage) and the other was "de bedrie1?ert_ jes" (the feelers), a flat, dr'IJ basin in a nice setting. When walking over it, at stagg ered times, water faucets were turned on and all aroun:i you from small openin~s a fine spray would shoot up which y ou could not escape from. 11ie often passed Bronbeek, a veteran's home for the men retired from the Roy al Netherlands East Indies Army, in their black uniforms. Dad always spoke with great respect about them. Going north we visited the Tafelberg , a hill overlooking the city, where a stone table showed the na..~es and directions of other cities and villages and landmarks. On the Veluwe I remember the mighty trees of the Westerbouwing which were com.. plete}y destroyed twenty years later. A.this request, Dad was transferred in August of 1924 and attached as instructor to the garrison at t,mersfoort. 1:Je lived there in an apartment opposite the cavalry barracks - a li_fely neighborhood. He could watch the training of the horses and could swim in the small :r-iver Eem behind the barracks. Amersfoort is one of few cities that has a water bastion left, a bulwark through which a waterway flows into the city, the Koppelpoort. In medieval ti.~es a heavy iron grate could be lowered from within the bastion to below water level in order to prohibit entry in wartime. In the fall of 1924, our fifth ~rade teacher led his class out into the schoolyard to see the first test fli ght to the Netherlands Ea.st Indies, piloted by van der Hoop, f}y over. Amersfoort became for us the third base point in the trian~le Kampen-Arnhem-Amersfoort which providoo us as a family the rich and varied joys of the Veluwe, that jewel in The Netherlands he11rtland which provides so :na.ny varieties of plants, trees, and birds, and which, with its many- bikepath~was bordered in the south by the Rhine River, in the east by the I Jssel River and in the north by what was then the Zuiderzee. Covered by fir, spruce and beech, tracked since times immemorial from east to west by Hessenwegen (trade roads) which carried trade from Central Europe and the Middle East to the sea and vice versa. From !(ampen to the Veluwe the road led, at one stretch, over a long strai~ht brick paved road, common}y called "The Endless Prayer" by the soldiers who marched on it. 1\11 were happy to see the tall pigeon house in Hezep where the landscape was of pleasant variation. Within easy reach were Baarn with the royal palace, Soest with its military airfield, Spakenbure with the typical fishermen's housing and state}y, colorful dress. �I want to mention that close to our house in l\.mersfoort lived a colorful amazon, walking to the stables in ridin~ breeches, black jacket and a black hat, a ridin2' crop in her hand, someti~es smoking a cigar and always accompanied by a hu~e, pitcl1-black shepherd do~ named "Satan." Women's liberation never saw the likes of her. In June, 1925, Dad was transferred back to the Instruction Battalion in Kampen and we moved into an apartment on the second floor of the Van Heutsz barracks with all the rooms on the side of the Oudestraat and a beautiful view on the IJssel River from the sittin2' room next to the entrance gate. Just there, right in front of us, the river branched out again into the Ganza',4d.iep (i:;eeseflow) and we could see the small ferry going back and forth from Grafhorst to the Karnpereiland. It was a pleasure to be back in Kampen because during the seven months in f,rnhem and the eleven months in i\.mersf oort we had not ha.cl time to establish roots there. In Kampen we were again in well known surrounding s and amongst the closeness and ord.erli~ess of military life. At that time this life was slow]y but steadily cha_-r1gin2' . ·world War I, with its horrible carnaq;e lasting for four years alone; a front line which changed hardly at all, had produced over all of Europe a sense of 11 never again. 11 The United States' participation in this war to end all wars strengthened that feeling and d efense bud~ets were cut every_ where. Troop strens th was reduced, officers and subalterns dismissed, training and maneuvers cut down in size, service tL~e for recruits reduced until it reached 5½ months at the time Hitler ca.~e into power in 1933. lforale, so high in 191 Li-, with a well led and well trained army at the bor_ der - such that the German High Command under General Von Eoltke decided to limit their attack to Prance and 3elgium _ began to erode. The social fabric of Europe broke up. Speeding up this process, the Bolshevik Revolution spread to Poland and Germany. Comm1.L"11ist and socialist parties in western Europe, stren~thened and spurred on by spreading economic discontent and poverty, added to their strength in parliament, agitated in their newspapers. They often took to the streets to demonstate. Labor Day on Nay 1st saw large crow:ls ma.rchin!! under a sea. of red :lags. 1\. s a boy I remember walking next to my Dad and often heari:ng catcalls of "murderer." Proud of his uniform, he simpl y took my hand and did not hasten his stride. Poverty, though, was a terrible pla~ue and re_ lief of the unemployed, the injured a."l"ld sick and the elderly were in their infancy and inadequate. /\. s the gap between the welL to-d o and the very poor increased, class antagonism increased also and sou2:ht vent in the building of a more concerned party system with its own newspapers, propa.~anda and rallies and a. strident journalism which had access to the new mass communication of the radio. 2trernism never took root in The Netherlands. �-11- Before we moved to Arnhem I had a few experiences which eXpressed the social tensions of the times. A boy named Jan, a few years older than I and poorly dressed, daily came out to the barracks' ld.tchen and the chef-cook Gerritsen invited him into the ld.tchen and gave him a warm meal. Jan always seemed to cough a lot but was !)leasant and cheerful and often participated in the ga..mes other children played. One day he did not come do~m as usual and my mother told me that he had thrown up a lot of blood crossing the bridge in front of the barracks anc1. was very ill. I venturoo to the brid~e arrl saw the spot with the dark, drying blood. A few days later I was told that Jan had died. The chef-cook had some male assistants and some women helpers who peeled potatoes by the bucket. They, too, had their meal there and one day a dispute arose because one of the women ate meat on Friday to the ire of another woman. Red in the face, she retorted in a loud voice that she did not have the money to buy meat or for that matter fish and that she was convinced that she did not sin in accepting a meal with meat as long as her priest could afford choice cuts of fish. I thought a lot about that at the time but do not remember talking about it. Otherwise our daily life was pleasant. Between classes the cadets would have coffee in the garden. One of them - Le Clerq by name - painted. flowers in his spare time anc1. I often sat quietly watching him; how beautifully he copied the colors and the shapes. In the winter of 1918-19, I later learned, a flu epidemic struck. Through the wirrlow which provided a look into the broad hallway on the second floor, I saw many of the carrlidate officers carried away on stretchers. I knew them. Some did come back. Others didn't. After school, Dad often allowed me to go with him to fencing classes, as long as I sat quietly along the side. He would don the steel mesh mask with the leather shield protecting his throat and wore a heavily padded jacket. The cadets were instructed to repeatedly attack and to aim at the heart and the head. Dad would stand there, sabre drawn, deflecting their strikes until they managed to hit him; meanwhile, he would call out instructions. Sometimes there was competitive fencing with Dad often acting as referee. Foil fencing was the most ele~ant. Sabre, sword, and especially bayonet fightinR were tough battles for participants arrl for onlookers alike. They were not real bayonets, of course, but spring-actuated steel shafts with a heavy leather knob. Once, during a sabre contest, Dad was wourrled when struck over the head, the sabre bending, cutting the back of his head. His adversary, a good friend of ours, came to our home afterwards to see if he was all riEsht and the two men jokoo about it. Mom did not think it funny. The regiment's doctor, by the name of Jacob~ and his pharmacist assistant, Lorist, were a nice team and the few times I had to see them they always had a good word for me. Lorist's standard joke was that if there was something wrong inside the body you used aspirin anc1. if it was on the outside, iodine was the cure-all. �-12- While living in i\mersfoort, at age eleven, I got my first pair of glasses, one of my eyes being near-sighted and the other far-sighted. It seems to have been unusual a.nd wa.s blamed (why not?) on the measles. On my eighth birthday I was r;iven a bike. It was slightly too large for me so Dad fixed the pedals to be double in size. Two soldiers, ea~er to earn some extra money on a Saturday afternoon, spent what seemed to me a long time in demonstrating the fine art of bicyclin~. J\.fter several misses on my part, one of them proposed that if on the next try I did not manage to stay on for ten meters, they'd throw me in the canal. I managed a.nd the three of us came back sweaty but in high spirits. Eve~Jthin!?:' was all right when Mom had chocolate milk and cookies waitin~ for us. After three different great schools within 1½ yea.rs in Arnhem and Amersfoort, I had some difficulty fitting into the hi~her pace at my old Kampen prep school. My pa.rents arra.ri.ged for private lessons for a while and, after going smoothly through the sixth grade, I passed the entrance examination for Al.mere College. i\.t that time in The Netherla.n:ls there were five types of high school all with a directed curriculum and no electives. Lateral changes between these schools were possible in the lower grades. The Gymnasium stressed Latin, Greek, and Hebrew with the lesser emphasis on modern languages - French, German, and ~nglish _ and little emphasis on ma.th. In 1926, with a total population of 9 million, this type of school attracted 6,670 pupils. A.1.mere Coller-; e did not carry La.tin, Greek, or Hebrew. Its ma.in thrust was on modern languages, math, history and geography. In 1926, this type of school attracted 20,2~9 pupils of which 4,836 were girls. The Handelsschool had the emphasis on modern lanf_'.;uages and accounting . The E.U.L. O. and U.L.O. types of schools expanded on the great school curriculum and followed a less strin~ent set of courses at a slower pace, were more ~enera.lized a.nd usually lasted three years as compared with five yea.rs for the first two types mentioned. ~inally there were the Skills centers which trained mechanics, carpenters, smiths, painters, and electricians and also taught Dutch and mechanical drawing. In all the schools, great emphasis was placed on your native language. After a few years of livin~ with our 11 Honcl.ius 11 and the other libraries, Al.mere Colle~e proved to be a pleasant challenge. 1926 saw a jump nationwide in this type of school a.nd the first form opened with 34 pupils. We were split into two groups of 17 to allow for individuallty and quality of teaching. Upon entering the third form the pupil total had shrunk so that we all were in one class room a.f ain. We had a demanding schedule with a heavy load of homework. Va.cations were scheduled for only one week between Christmas and New Year's, a few days at Easter and Pentecost and a sj_~ weeks' vacation in the summer. �-13- In the first form Dutch, 7rench, and GeMnan ~rammer an:i idiom were taught. In the secorrl form the latter two ha.cl f!radual~y taken over spoken Dutch in those classes. English was added in the secon:i form a.nd had to be spoken in class in the third form. The emphasis on modern languages must be seen in European con.. text. Hastery of your oi-m language opened study opportunities which broadened and trained the mind. The closeness of the European countries made it imperative to know a. few other languages thoroughly for study, trade and tra~1el. ?or The Netherlands these were German, "5' rench, and English. As the years passed the capacity to read foreign books, papers and magazines ma.de for golden hours. A characteristic custom was for one to become a member of an exchange portfolio, in which magazines in four languages were included. These portfolios passed to the next member in line after a week. Everyone paid a fee and a secretary bo~ht the Ma?a... zines, filled the portfolios and pre-determined the routing . Four of our teachers had Doctor's Degrees (ea.med) a._11d the others had Masters Degrees so a lot of indivirlua.l attentioJ1 was given to pupils to further achievement. Intra..--nura.l sports consisted of Swedish gym_na.stics with full class participation. There were rings, wa.llracks, tra.mpoline, high and low bars, parallel bars a.nd vaulting horse. Summer athletics included relay running , javelin throw, shotput and discus, hand and basketball. Swi.'1'!l'lri.ng was not provided for by the school but the city swi...TT1...ining pools were open to the entire population between m.d- 11.pril and mid-September. Water temperature of 55 degrees ? a.hrenheit was the usual cut..off for opening and closing. Indoor swimming pools were unknown. Kampen was ideally situated on a river, at the beginning of a delta and only ten kilometers a.way from the Veluwe where the ground was, since time immemorial, well above the waterline. In the 1920 1 s the city walls no longer existed except for three city gates an:i a small remnant in the northwestern pa.rt of the city. Prom the riverside the city was protected by a broad 1~1arf alonv, its entire len~th over which, next to the sidewalk, a street provided for traffic. At low tide the wharf was five to six feet above water level and, a.s a whole, gently sloped up to the houses another couple of feet. ~11 a.round the city, where earlier the walls had their begin.ning , an earthen d~~ provided protection against high water. This wa.11 sloped down to a canal called the Singel and was la.ndsca.:::,ed with a variety of trees, shrubbery, a.nd flowerbeds. ti. few miles a.way, over the whole width of the delta, the meadows ended at the Zuiderzee where a low dike_ purposely built that way_ provided for the Zuiderzee to overflow the meadows once a year for fertilization. Every fall, when heavy rains an:i northwestern storms were annual occurences, the city would be warned to be on the alert for high water by the hoisting of a large black canvas ball on a ta.11 stake placed on the �farms closest to the sea.. The three city gates were then closed front and back by strong pla~<s which fitted into built..in slots until these barriers were a.bout three feet high. Between the front and back planking, sandbags a.nd manure were piled up and after the brackish Zuiderzee waters had reached the city there was only one road open out of the city - the bridge a.cross the river to the hi gher ground on t.~e other side. For us youths it was a. great time, playing on the water's edge, watching a lost pig swim toward shore, seeing rowboats land in unusual places to and from farms on their elevations, called a terp. The "terps" were man-made hills and were high enough to protect the farmhouses and their dwellings. Ships at 'Wilarfside were tightly moored against the increased flow of the river and had long planks runnirus from t.'1-ieir d eeks to the highest point of the wharf. The annual floodings benefited the farmers two ways: the mea... dows would again be lush in the spring for cattle, artificial fertilizers being only in their beginning, and a.t the end of the su.m..rner an excellent quality hay could be harvested. The waters usually receded before the frost set in. The shallow canals would then freeze over and provide for skating and sledding and a. sport called "buur-;loopen." t,,_ row of boys, arms around ea.ch other's shoulders, would run from one canalba.nk to the other a.'Yld then back until the ice started to give. Inevitably some would g et wet feet or even wet pants. One of us was the son of a baker and when wet we could always sneak in the back door while the baker rested from his early morning chores and put our shoes and/or pants in the still warm oven. Only once, in the winter of 1928-29, have I seen the river and Zuiderzee frozen solidly over so that horse and wagons could use them and the islands of Urk and Schokland could be reached on skates while their harbors served Darked cars. That winter the temperature fell to minus 25 degrees Celsius- (15 degrees below zero Fahrenheit). This lasted for a couple of months and our biology teacher, Dr. Ten Kate, later rector of Almere College, orga.nize::l. volunteer squads to a.id hungry and injured waterfowl. We housed them in unused chicken coops. That winter I saw for the first time the European bittern - five of them frozen to death. A.mon~ all the rich bird life in the delta. and the meadows, one could hear their un.. mistakable call in spring and summer but their ca.pa.city to hide was superb. That winter the demand on charitable organizations and churches for food and coal was heavy. My brother and a few of his friends collected some and brought it to needy families. In March, the ice began to melt_ on my birthday a.s a matter of fact - and in the riverbends above the town ice would pile up, threatening the dikes behind which the farms lay on a lower 1evel than the river waters. The military ,-rould dynamite the ice dams and the IJ ssel Bridge was manned with men shoulder to shoulder with lonis, iron-tipped poles, who would do their utmost to keen the iceflows from <lama.gin~ the brid ~e nillars or from forming new jams - ~ gi ~antic struizgle, Th~ first brid ~e w~s built in 1liii.J 8, �-15- ? rom heresa.y I know that in 1915 the water level was so hi~h that waves drenched the brid <:_: e I s d eek, the railroad south of the city was destroyed, and the city barely escaped being _flooded. The people in that time still lived close to the benefits and adversities of nature. A quiet civility a..vid an unobtrusive nei,;:h.. borliness permeated all of life. Births and d eaths and lin~erinr; ilL ness brought out the best in hu.man relations. Children we:re bo:rn at home with a midwife and neighbor's wives assistin12: . Peo:!)le died at home with the body washed and dressed for burial ae;ain by f amly and neighbors. Food and household help were freely off ered when illness occurred. In the city a burial coach was used, inscribed in Latin for eve~Jone to see. 11 Eodie Eihi, eras tibi" - "To1ay I, tomorrow you." In the surrounding countryside neirrhbors l)rovided the best wa.,ron available for relatives and neirshbors to sit all a.round the coffin. h e boys regularly play ed soccer on a larp; e exercise field close to the cemetary. Hhen a burial party uassed on the ros,c't next to the exercise field, play was stopped matter of fa.ct1~,r until the last coach had passed. I do not remember our beinf told to co this, ~lay was not resumed. until the burial party had passed. Across the bridge was de "Bui ten Societei t," a clubhouse -c,rl. th a restaurant, a.n outdoor terrace, a read.int? roon 1-,,-:ith magazines and newspapers in Dutch, French, German, and ~nglish, meetinF" roo!'ls and lare.- e gardens with a music hall. During the su!ll!l1er, Sund ay evenin'! concerts were given by the Kam:::,er Band Corps under the direction of Christia.an Hengeveld. The majority of the me~bers had come from the military band of the officers I candidate school's regiment whose band had been discon.. tinued. In the su."!lYrler months, this corns also ~ave concerts on the Nieuwe Markt bandstand at night between 8 and on Thurs:lay , ~ lar~e public attended these attentively. Loo~~in,~ back over the d ecades, there was a.mong the people of Kampen a quiet simplicity and dii:nity which in turn nutured spiritual and mental development. io It was in the rea.dinr- room of the 3uiten Societeit that I read the fascinating sto~J of the discovery of the tomb of '{' ut_1\nkh.. A.JT1on in the magazine "De Prins." When one would look up in the rea.dime: room there was a panorama. of the city a.cross the river and of the water's flow towards the sea., guided by the basalt jetties in the outer curves to nrotect the a.d joining meadows a.g-a.inst erosion, ~:here the jetties ended there were lanterns to guide shin:,')in~ at ni~ht. The river is a.hra,y s a.live, now flowin2: calmly ,,r.i th the sun irradiating the s::na.llest waves, then wild and roilin::: on dark day s, threa.tenin€ its borders. The changing of the sea.sons reflected itself in the river. 1;.Jhen, in the months of July a.nd ,'\ uzust, far a.way in the ~.lps, snow and ice melted, the speed a.nd the depth of the river increased. In :November, when the rains came and the vr.ild cloud- shot sk'y spewed north.. western storms against the river and its d elta. the water rose a.2'a.in because �nature's powers slowed the run-off and every year it overflowed its natural and artificial bou.ndaries. Could it ever be harnessed_ the wind, water and clouds? Just to the south of the Buiten Societeit was the train depot from which the local connection with Zwolle departed. From Zwolle one could then transfer to the north to Groningen, to the south in the direction of 1\rnhem and to the west to !\.mersfoort and t\msterdam. We visited our paternal gra.n:lparents a.nd uncle and aunt twice a year - once in the surmner and once in the winter. I n the winter it was a comfortable train ride with transfers in Zwolle and 1\msterdam. The trainstops we passed were as many confirmations of what we had learned in our geography lessons. In the summer, we went bJ passenger steamer which left at midnight and arrived in Amsterdam at 6 a.m. Passing through the Oranjesluizen (locks) before arriving at quayside in ~msterdam was an exciting event for us boys. He had our bikes with us and after breakfast we bicycled for about three hours to Alkmaar at leisure, That was always a. trip filled with the joy of discovery. The first leg guided us through the western part of i\.msterdam to the ferry a.cross the North Sea canal. Amsterdam Harbor, called the IJ, stretches from the Oranjelocks to the bee;inning of the Forth Sea Canal. The ferry connnutes to Zaandam and runs parallel to a very his h railroad brid~e. Its height was calculated so that only the middle part would need to be opened for the largest ships. It was an extra event when we would see the mighty middle span slowly turn to let the oceanliners !)ulled by tu.e:boa.ts through. It was explained to us that these giants were not allowed to proceed under their own power as this could seriously dama~e the high canal dikes. The water level in the canal is high above the surrounding countryside and like the canals of i\.msterda.m are a.bout 13' above Schiphol !\irport. The first enterprise we saw in Zaandam were the larp-e timber harbors where forei gn ships unloaded the tree trunks which were then guided into secure basins to a.wait their turn for the saw mills. We learned to identify the flags flown on the ships. Come to think of it, how many of these flags would still be in use today? -S tate boundaries on earth have never been the most stable commodity. Through the old main street, through Za.a.ndam, Koog a.an de Zaa.n, Zaandijk and Krom..menie, we saw, left and right, factory after factory_ ea.ch with its own distinct odor_ vegetable oil, mustard, paint and saw mill. Cf f main street we visited different points of interest. In Za.andam there is the Czar Peter house built from wood but protected by a larger brick buildin£" bui1t around it. It dates back to a.bout 1700 when the reformist czar lived here to work in and study the shipbuildin~ trade. :<rom Zaa.ndijk to Krommenie excavations have shown proof of hu..-rna.n habitation as far back as the berrin.~ing of the Christian era. The "Zaansche Schans" was f-ra.dua.11,y built into an open air museU.."Tl �-17- where old, typical houses, "ma and pa" stores an:i windmills could be ad.i"'Tlired, all painted in the characteristic Zaan colors of green and white and with typical wood carvings adorning !Tlany a house. In Zaandijk one can see the garden with the statues. Only after we passed Wormerveer and Krommenie did we leave the heavily industrialized Zaan area behind us and then we could see the lush meadows on the former lake bottoms again. At that time, I seem to remember, in Krommenie, there was still a tollgate where a shingle told how much one had to pay. Horse and buggies, cattle, pedestrians and cyclists all paid a different tariff. The countryside remained wide open until we reached Alkmaarder Meer (lake) and on its northern end the village of Akersloot where we crossed the i'Joord Hollandsch kanaal by rowboat. Sometimes we would cross over to Heiloo and then follow the old brick road to 1\1..1<:maar. The view from Akersloot to the east shows the Schermerpolder where the Termaats already lived in the 17th centurJ. Looking northward, one saw the city of J\.lkmaar, its mighty Reformed cathedral and the Waagtoren dominatine; the city. West towarcl.s Heiloo, tall trees_ beech, oak and linden - stood as a protective shield around the homes and a large park named Ter Coulster invited one for a quiet walk. Followinp: the road to Alkmaar we entered the "Hout, 11 a wooded park. Thro~h it we boys would race ahead towards our grandparents' house on the Lindenlaan. Grandmother and Aunt Earie (the unmarried only daughter of Hillem A.arts by his first marriage) took turns in coming over to Kampen for a visit but Uncle Pieter and Aunt Trien never came due to our Aunt's crippling disease. Cousin Pieter came often during the summer. Kampen, surrounded by large prosperous dairy farms, had many close ties with the farming commu."1ity. For example, Monday was market day. In the 1920's, farmers and their wives, still in traditional costume, came to town in their tilburies which they parl<ed, thills turned up, in the middle of the main street - the Oudestraat. The horses were tethered with stablekeepers. Retail stores were busy. On Mondays, our grocer O?ened up the room behind the grocery store so that his wife could serve lunch to the farmer-customers. The farmers' wives brought large baskets •-'-r:i..th e~gs to the Plantage, a roofed over area next to the main street, and the housewives would bargain for size and price. By ancient law, some farms were allowed within the former city walls. Eanure for fertilizing the meadows was carried off in shallow draft vessels. Encouraged by our J\.lmere Colle:?,e biology teacher we would re.. connoiter the delta for bird and plant life. It was and still is a major nesting and resting area. Geese, ducks, storks, herons, swans, gulls, and terns and many songbirds would pause here on their twice annual trek between Scandinavia a.nd Horth /\ frica. Some nestin~ birds were the lapwing, coot, god.wit (snipe fa.lllily), reed warblers, swan, .1r nose, P-a"n.ecock, kite, stork, heron, garden warbler, blackbird and bittern. f or the identifica- �tion of plants we used the "Heukels," a dictionary-sized p:uide through several steps to the correct name and description. The ~eneral characteristic of a delta is its many-fold fresh water channels and the fact that the closer you come to the sea, the wetter the grasslands get until, in many ?laces, they become marshy. On our treks the a.dvanta.qe was that the average annual rainfall in this area was the lowest for The Netherlands. /\.s pronunciation and scanning were being absorbed, the study of languages introduced us to world literature _ often by recommended booklists and aided b-'J books with a collection of excerpts. Poet!"IJ was taught in the same ma..1'1Yler but declamation was only gradually mastered. In Dutch literature, writers and poets throu~h the early 20th cent1.1r1J were a..-rialyzed. Classics like Professor Huizene:a. 1 s Waning of the 1-:iddle i\.ges, ReYf'!ard the ~ ox, Valerius Gedenckklank, works by the poets Joost van den Vondel and Jacob Ca.ts, ElckerJ.yc (Eve!"l.,nna.n). Jan van Ruusbroeck, Thomas a Kempis (The Imitation of Christ) were stmied. In r rench literature we read Montesquieu's L'es-orit des Lois, Holiere, Voltaire, and Rousseau's Emile and his Contrat Social. In German literature there were Goethe, Schiller, Heine, Grimm, and f ritz Reuter and in English Litera.. ture: Byron, Shakespeare, Chaucer, F.' ieJ.ding, 1,falter Scott and Jerome K. Jerome. History, sequentially national, European, and world, was taught in a thoroughly interrelaterl. way showin1 cause and effect. In later years we were encouraged to select a period of our choice to study what the affected countries themselves had recorded a.bout it, Hhat a revelation and an insight into the mind of rulers and their historians! Geo~raphy was all encompa.ssin~. I n ~reat school, your o--wn country was explored and taught not only by map knowledge, but in depth. AL-mere College took it from there beginnin~ with Europe from its continental divide and origin and flow of its rivers to the sites of its main cities, its geological structure and its inter:ra.tion as a distinct continent, despite the manifold and often unnatural borders. In math, algebra., with its positive and ne~a.tive nu..mbers and systematized symbols, was taught i-rnaginatively. Euclidian ir eometry, from point to line to plane to solids as conceived and expressed in his Slements, received like attention. Graphic images and their analyses, coordinates, logarithm, goniometric and trigonometric function - it was all there. In su..mmary, A.lmere College provided able and successful teachers with inspirational qualities and abilities to maintain discipline merely through the strength and dignity of their ~ersonalities, Here was the real foundation of scholarship_ that in the past rests the present, in what is now_ that which is to come. The support and encouragement of our parents was invaluable though not fully appreciated at that time. �-19- In 1929, Da.d wa.s a.warded the silver medal for exemplary performance and service. Though we could not foresee it, that fall would brini:,; a. pro_ found shake-up of the entire world. The stockma.rkets crashed. 1930 came. Prognoses failed. Unemployment increased. Businesses failed. Large corporations shrunk to small ones. Homes built on speculation dragged contractors down into bankruptcy. Prices shrunk, but not fast enough to keep pace with the diminished purchasing power. How and if to spend money became a matter of a carefully weighed choice. The stock exchange index in ~msterdam fell from 10~ in 1929 to ~6 in 1931 and to 23 in 1933. The wholesale price index stated at 100 in 1929 fell to 52 in 1932. Textile exports to The l'Ietherlands' East Indies fell from 58 million guilders in 1929 to 6 million guilders in 1933. In the Indies, the wholesale price for sugar fell from 30 cents per ldlogram in 1922 to 17½ cents in 1927 and to 6 cents in 1933. Rubber took a dive from 105 cents per pound in 1929 to 14 cents in 1933. The League of Nations compiled the depression statistics a.nd Indonesia seemed to be where it started first, struck hardest and stayed longest. Dad's rank and position were secure and our family was fortunate. Our parents were hardly affected by the depression. Towards the end of 1930, Dad, at his request, was transferred to the military cl.istrict in the town of his birth - J\.lkmaar - to be effective in June, 1931. ?or several years already, Dad had been the literary contributor on military affairs for the weekly "Ons Belang" for subaltern officers and for the daily "De Nederlander," the party paper for the Christian Historian Union, one of the two mainline Protestant parties. His writings were contributed over the period 1927-38. In Ifarch, 1931, I was sent ahead of the fa...'Tlil,y to attend the Peda<sogic 1\ cade:my- in i\lkmaar and until June, stayed with my- grand!)arents. This school had a fine staff with the exce!)tion of the Psycholo~y Department where the teacher was unqualified. Within a year, however, this changed for the better thro~h the appointment of Dr. I Jzer, a. student of Adler and Jung. Our class numbered about 30 and the academic atmosphere and student life were hig-hly rated. The saJne discipline and lonp: study hours applied as for i\.lmere Collef!e. The outstanding sports team for the school wa.s its soccer team in which I played center half. final examinations ca.me in June, 1933, and I finished in the top seven out of twenty-eight graduates. In 1932, a drama.tic improvement in The 1'-!etherland's fi Fht against the sea. took place. On the 28th da.y of May the 1\fsluitdijk (closing dam) wa.s completed from Noord Holland to f riesland, closing; the Zuiderzee. In 1932, I ha.d joined the "] a.tional Jonp-eren Verbond" (lfa.tion_ al Youth Organization) with membership lir:ri.ts of between the as es of 18 �and 35. :fa.tiona.l historic idea.ls, as embodied over the centuries in the Royal House of The Netherlands: taking a sta.rr.i a.e;a.inst one sided disa.rma..."llent a..nd for a. democratic form of government with uni versa.l suffrage, were its idea.ls. Her Royal Highness the Crown Princess Juliana. consented to become our honorary chairwoman. I was to meet my future wife there and little could we anticipate that only eight years later our principles would be sorely tested as would our spiritual a:nd :physical stamina. In Germany, in 1928, a novel was published. by a. soldier who fought for his country in Horld 1/•fa.r I. This soldier was Erich :·1aria. Remarque. This novel, in its first person description, authenticated the writer's agony over his destruction a.s a human ·being by the barbarism that perpetuated a futile struggle for four years and in which the terrL tory gained by either side was measured in mere yards at a cost in htunan life which was only surpassed. by the events of 1forld War J_J.. The na..me of the novel is L"ll Westen Nichts 'f\Teues - All Quiet Cn The Western Front. I did not read it until 1929 and no matter how immature our minds still ·were it made a lasting scar on the conscience of all who read it. Voices grew soft, eyes moistened as the terrible truth of the destruction of that lost 3: eneration continued. to sink deeper into one's conscience. 1\fter this, it r11ust have been 1930, another book drew -::rry attention. It had been published before ~emarque wrote his first novel and was written by Oswald Spene1;ler - Der Unter~ang des 1\.bendlandes with Gestalt und ".'!irklichkeit a.."1.d Welthistorische Persnektiven (The :!Jecline of the ';·~est, ~ 0!'!11 and "Tetu... ality, and Persnectives of the vfo rld 1s7Hstory.) Tho~h, at that time, few scholars ·were capable of foreseeinz the accuracy or inaccuracy of his predictions and conclusions, the work its elf h~.d a tremenc: ous impact on the mind as co:rnmunism, socialism, fascism, nazis:n, anc. corporatism vied for the souls and rtlnds of man. Cnly the passa.,rn of time has a;iven us the benefits of reflection an:i hindsight needed. for pro1Jer evaluation. To this day the importance of his lifework is still being reco c::nized but on our youJ1g minds these contemporary works had a :Jrofound influence. In 1920, there were still Belgian refugees housed in school buildine;s. During the moneta~J collapse of Germany, German children were taken in everywhere to be clothed. and ±'ed. and housed while their cou...ntry tottered. on the abyss of anarchy. One dollar was then the equivalent of 11 bil 7-i on German marks. The large and stable Gem.an niiddle class was ruined. and the social uoheaval wreaked ha.voe on all the -=3stablished values. This, in turn, along with the danger of a Com'ln.mist (in C, errr..any called. Spartacists) takeover on the other side, made la.rfrn seis:n ents of the :nopulation call for and turn to a stronf"., leader. When the lar<:e corporations, the large lando1,.iners and the mli ta.ry sup'!_'.)orted. the Mazi p.grty their sue_ cess at the ::_;alls in 1932 brou1Zht Hitler to :::,ower and Kru-pp '!_'.)ressured General Hinclenbdrs:, then President of Germany, to appoint Eitler as 1:/.eichs Chancellor in March, 1933! Any hope these diverse interests had of being able to control Hitler soon proved to be false, �-21After ~raduation, ::: started my study for a master's c euree. ~lso in 1933, under the pressure of depression ~enerated bud s et cuts, the nU!llber of pu~ils per class in creat and seconda~J schools, which by law had alway s been fi.,-v;:ed at 25, was in one stroke increased to 45. The results for our ,c raduating class were disastrous. Not one of our 28 graduates could find a position .and ma..11.y existimr positions were eliminated. One studied without much more incentive than a check on an uz1certain future. Later it became apparent how uncertain. Only after 19Li 6 did the demand for teachers increase. !\ s I have said before, my Dad's position was safe. ~om a.F;ain had saved up enough money to take the fami]y on a week's trip to Belgium in 1933 and again _in 1931.j.. But here I was - a dee:ree financ ro by ,,ry parents and no earning prospects. \ fter seven :-:1onths, a. tip from 111;17 Uncle Fieter mad e me file an application for a job with the local govern.. ment 1~rith a job description of trcomputing unemployment benefits and paying t hem. tr This job bro-w.:;ht me the princely su2n of 25 cuilders per ,1onth and the obligation to work unlimited hours. Forrnal workino; hours were 4 L1 per week but because the federal government partially reimbursed the cities for the unemployment compensation paid, we had to work evening s and Sa.turd.ay afternoons on the required paperwork with all its rar.ri.fications. In 1934, a 60 hour week represented normal working hours. 1 /\.lso in 193L1, the Royal House of Cranje suffered two deaths that of Queen 2mma (Queen Fi1helmina. 1 s mother) and Prince Hendrik, the Prince Consort. The latter was buried in a pure white corte~e. That year also brought the start of regular flights between /1.msterdam and Ba.ta.via, the capitol of the Indies. The first plane was called the trUiver. 11 On the other hand, 25 quilders still bought a lot. I lived at home and my gocxi pa.rents never accepted more than two p-uilders per week as contribution to the household. I a...rn still sure that the advantage was mine. 1\ good woolen suit cost 20 1:,uilders, a pair of shoes; 1.1 to 6 guilders; a pack of ci~arettes, 10 to 15 cents; a movie ticket was 25 cents. I remember heated discussions with my fellow graduates about not waiting for a teaching position; but, as the months passed by , one after the other had to follow my example. One took a job as assistant mail.~an, another as clerk with an agricultural co-op, etc. I received an offer at the same office to become accounting assistant with the promise of a salary increase. I switched my studies to accountini:s and economics at the Instituut voor Handelswetenschatmen (Institute for /\. ccountine- and 3:conomic Studies) in Leiden, taught by Univers~ty of Leiden professors. My salary was increased to 67 guilders per month in 1936 and to 120 guilders in 1938. ~ . For a moment I must reminisce about our contacts with the unem... ployed. The overwhel.rning number of them were hard hit financially and eager to ta.1-(e on any work but there was not any . On rfondays and Tuesday s we com.. puted the payrolls which covered 350 to ~00 persons, all non-union members. The unions were paymasters for their members. On Wednesday at 12 o'clock �-22- we received a check drawn on the Nederland.sche Bank N.V. for the exact a.mount of the payroll. The two of us took this check to the bank, cashed it, and received it all in silver: 2t, 1, and½ guilder pieces_ quarters, dimes, nickles, and pennies. We emptied the bags into two metal chests and carried each one on the luggage carrier of our bikes, strapped to it by rubber bands. We bicycled through the city to the outskirts where a.ti old wooden construction barn stood - a one room affair held together with hook and eye latches. By the time we gotthere, there were us~ll,y li-0 or 50 men waiting impatiently. We got off our bikes, pushed them to the door, entered and locked the door. Why, I don I t know; it sure]y did not increase our safety any. We opened the hatch cover and proceeded with the payout upon signature for receipt. When I think back to the poverty of these people and ·the two of us carr'l.,rin~ 4,000 to 5,000 guilders under these circumstances, I cannot but wonder that we never encountered violence or attempts of theft. How would that be today? From my first earned money I bought a plus-four suit, a fervent desire of mine. :-1y working life in this place gave me a different education from the academic one prior. The reports that had to be made out for specific supplemental help; i.e., a blanket, children's shoes, underwear, etc., were experiences that affected me deeply. Many people who still had their pride often were frustrated and sometimes an~ry - not at us but at the "system." I remember one incident of violence where an unemployed man tried to force his way into the director's office. One of my colleagues grabbed the man by arm and shoulder and pushed him toward the door. !\nother, older colleague, the on]y one empowered to carry a nightstick, took coura~e at this sight and delivered a blow on the man's shoulder with the result that he hit my colleague on his thumb which swelled to unnatural proportions. Our director was somethirus else. He had been secretary of the neighborin~ villa~e of Ef'Jllond, was married and had five children. One of his bad habits was to play around ·with a female clerk in his office in off hours. Two police officers were tipped off and watched this v-rith great interest through peepholes in the ceilin~ and the man was fired. Throu~h political connections he got the position of director of Social Services in ~lkmaar. I presu.me that he checked the ceiling carefully before sitting down. He ended his life in a wierd way, 1\fter the Gerr.ian occupation started in May, 19li0, he cozied up to the Nazis and the Germans. They used him to provide workmen for the military airfield in Bergen. The German authorities provided him with a car and gasoline ration books. One day, in June, 1941, when Hitler ordered his troops into Russia, there was a Nazi demonstration in front of our townhall. Someone spoke from the high steps in front of the build.inf! and the Nazis below were wild with enthusiasm, lifting their right hands continuously (maybe to indicate how high the snowfall had been the past winter) and sang their bloody songs. 1\t that moment a car approached in the direction of the townhall and drove right into the Nazi demonstration. They dra~ged the driver out and it appeared to be the 15 year old son of the Director who was out for a. pleasure ride with some friends. Now the fat was in the fire. The verdict: stealing gasoline from the German i\.rmy and obstructing a legal party gatherino-. The Director was transported to a concentration camp where he died. The years from 1932 on were good years for the National Youth Organization. We grew in numbers, had f ood speakers for. our meetin~s, �-23- marched with our flags on Queen ·wilhelrrina' s birthday and on the 8th of October when the whole city co!!h~emorated the day in 1572 when ~lkmaar became the first city to successfully repel the Spanish I nquisition under Don F rederik at the F' risian Gate. It was just dand y to be hated by com.. munists, socialists, a.11d Nazis alike. lfany of the men in our orp- a.nization would fall i n the Resistance from 19LJ0 to 19u5 and, as a matter of fact, we had the singular honor of becomini:i; the first orvanization to be disbanded after the German Occupation bee-an in ],fay , 19Lt0. The first ~esistance F i ghters to be executed before a firin ~ squad were our members. On F ebruary 23, 193 5, I asked 1\driana Barbara Schuurman , my future wife, out for a first d ate. r,re were enf! aP- ed. to be marrieo in June, 1936 and were married on Aoril 18 , 1939 . We thoul! ht this lonP: interim necessary for saving enou~h money to install our house a.s we wished, v-i hen the war started one y ear after we married , we were r- rateful that we had acted the way we d id, F rom 1935 on we will tell our story tog ether. �Thro~~hout my formative years runs a supportive thread which seems to strengthen as the years pass and which I like to call the goL den rein. Both the Termaat and Harms families belonged, as far back as we were able to trace, to the Reformed Church. Just what the Reformation means is well described in Will anrl Ariel Durant's book, The Reformation. What it accomplished is that the distractions of art, music, a..~d le? end were removed from the Church and the Bible as the ~-.;ord of God was placed. where it belonP-" ed: in the hands of any person eager to read that book in his or her own language. In Europe the church situation is simpler than it is in the United States. Over there, in every country, one sees only a few church or~anizations. Over here, every group of immigrants bro1.J.2."ht over the basic tenets of their own church organizations and, especially in their new and difficult beginning, tended to adhere to that orf. anization as a basis of their small community. Naturally , just as in Surope, some ossification took place and often form took precedence over substance. l\ lso over here few mer~ers into one larger body occurred. I will not argue the merits or d emerits of the merger. What unites all Christians is the 1\postolic Creed. :-To one but Christ has impacted deeper and farther into human exists.nee. The Reformation was not a tranquil movement. It developed under persecution in character not unlike the extermination camps in ~ustria, Poland, and Germany during the second world war. But its followers, ra. gardless of which external form they congregate under, are unspoken, simply known by the fruit of their labors, to see for everyone who wants to see. Hen, like Luther, Calvin, Knox, and Zwingli and so many others, were called ·upon in the fullness of time to be the new apostles (witnesses). The empty dispute between creationists and scientists falls far short of the prominent fact: that all mankind descends from one set of parents and so are fully related one to the other. The oldest Gospel is that of :-1ark and as an introduction it has no peer. l\od to that the Ten Commandments, the Lord I s Frayer and the thorough tea.chint?: s of the Heidelber.2' Catechism and in whom awakes a desire to seek, answers will be forthcoming and the calm of an a,.~azing grace will transfi~ure and illuminate one's life. This ~olden rein is of the highest moral code and as we cannot possibly fulfill it to the utmost, we can alway s, in the privacy of one's ovm a.bode, simply confe ss and surely be for ~iven. When we leave this natural life, it will for certain be as small a step as it was when we entered it. �EFTICGU~ • • • ? ram whence, where to? The period between the two world wars for Europe where we grew up showed us the old beloved continent as it lived., laughed, wrestled with its problems. V e have seen it just in time, From F ebruary, 1935, until our marriav.e in 1\.pril, 1939, we had the cost},y gift of g rowing to g ether towards unity which is not achieved without its own cost. For Su.rope, it ended up as a lost world where poverty and riches, unbridg eable and inseparable, lived to '2; ether, The world of 3arth and :-Iann and Kafka, of fa.st changing social consciousness, of Proust and Galsworthy anc. F reud, of ":tosa Luxember!!, and Colijn, of ~bert, Stresema.nn and Firandello - names that have faded a.way. !\. ~urope that talked in coffee houses in Faris and Vienna, in 3e rlin and i\msterda.rn and Buda.pest and Rome. It would collapse in the abyss of 1939. 2:vening: s on the 1\ tla.ntic coast. Loni? d ay s in 3 elC!iu.,'11 and -:;· ranee and ~ermany. Sunny afternoons a.lon~ the ~reat rivers. White ni '!hts hi crh in the Alps. RottinP: slums. I ndescribable social arrears. There were planners and jokesters, idealists and profiteers, thinkers and fools, leaders and followers, artisans and statesmen, people of g oodwill and evildoers, democracy and totalitarianism. It was a Su.rope where we were you..ng and carefree and which is now dead, I t vas never a superb place, but it was already dyin~ when we thoU!!,ht it was still youn'! and alive. It was for many of us a home where we thaw.ht ourselves safe, and where we lived a youth, short enour,-h _ but seemin,,.ly lone- a.nd unend incr, filled with ideas, contrasts _ a laue:h, a tel3.r, I t was very old and ver-J younR; at the same tirne, It lived with R'Usto and was filled with g reat aicd g ooc. plans. It was at the same time a lovi:ng mother, our b eloved, and comrade. ·.-Jhat will happen in the future? Cne can only have patience. Steinbeck wrote in his Grapes of 1.··rath: "You got to have patience, 1:-,i'hy, Tom, us people will [! O Mlivin', ali-them people is g one , rich fellas come up an' they die, an' their kids ain't no good an' they die out. But we keep a' coTl'.in' • " �Ter Maat variants ter Mate, ter Mathe , Termaat, Termate(n) , ter Maath. Heirs ter Maet , 14o5 near Doetichem. ter Maeth, 1438 near Steenwijkerwold. Near Lemselo, 1381/83 ter Maet, 147? ther Maet. The last one is now called Maatman, which heir we also find near Noorddeurningen from the estate which was called Maethues in 1475 and for the estate near Breklenkamp, which was called Mathus in 1328. · The estate Maathuis near Albergen was in 1450 called De Maet, in 1475 Maed and in 1495 Maethues. A "maat" is a hayfield ; the word is related to the word maaien, a verb meaning : to mow. ~ One used the word "dagmaat for the size of a field which could be mowed by oneman in one da.y. A variant is" made" of "mede" for pasture. ( Note : etymology traces these roots to the ancient Anlgosaxon area west and east of The Netherlands-German border, betwe en the North Sea and the Rhine river) ( These words "made n and "mede" are still in use today . ) Composit family names are Maathuis , Maa~man and an estate Maetman, also named Mathemanshuijs, is men~ioned in 1385 near Oldenzaal. Another composite is Mateboer, and also Rouwmaat from the estate "die Rouwermate" in 1656 in Hengelo and especially in Groenlo . Rouwermate means a rough "rnaat" , covered with rough vegetation or thickett. Compare also "Overmaat". (note : here is another Anglo-Saxon root in "rough" coming from "rouw") 11 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_WRI_Memoir-P-Termaat-The-Formative-Years-1914-1935 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Pieter Title A name given to the resource Pass In Revue: 1914-1935, The Formative Years Description An account of the resource Memoir by Pieter N. Termaat on his youth and adolescence in the Netherlands. Subject The topic of the resource Dutch Dutch Americans Netherlands Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f05df0897b293451c948de242f5bf734.pdf 56df9e1f048ba284e782db41831585e0 PDF Text Text Having spect 5 long years under enemy occupation, the narrow focus on freedom nurtured for endless days and nights on end, in an uneven struggle ended up in an unjust manner. Eighteen hunderd and t,nenty five tinms twentyfour hours there had been an ever 1nL erasing need and desire for freedom, until it finally came about. Victory Europe Day: the enemy gone. But our expectations had been wrong the exhilarating joy of freedom lasted much less than than the lengths of the struggle to obtain i t . And there is what was wrong with us ; the anticipation of continued exhilabion proved to be wrong by the composition of our human nature. No suffering, no privation can be adequately compensated for. We have paid in big bills; but the relief that the adversity has passed away, comes in change only. It appears that the high anticipations of freedom one has nurtured during the privation is part of the joy of its ooming to pass, so that small change must be accepted as adequate compensation. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_WRI_Musings-295 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Pieter Title A name given to the resource Musings on liberation Description An account of the resource Notes by Pieter N. Termaat about the liberation of the Netherlands from Nazi occupation. Subject The topic of the resource Dutch World War, 1939-1945 -- Netherlands World War, 1939-1945--Occupied territories Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/32cc3b22c03f3b1ad327fa74e97eff54.pdf 48f662491c66fa192208256ab174bcaa PDF Text Text *** Peter N.Termaat - closing remarks. I was sitting in a room where the discussion centered on anti-semitism. One of those present made the following remark 11 I considerthe jews completely as human beings 11 You see, that man is an anti-semite. He doesnt know i t , but he is. His premise is that he presents an absolute truth as something that subject to dispute. He is like a mathematician who is trying to prove the axiom. That kind of remark is not inaccurate, but it makes a subject of discussion that which has been accepted generally as self-evident. *** In formerly occupied countries looms a danger, especially in the ones that were occupied the longest, like Norway and The Netherlands. It is a historical certainty that a people , overpowered by a usurper after its liberation appears to have been somewhat infected by them. Freedom of the press, an absolute before the war, was being curtailed after the occupation ended. There certainly are ateempts by the government to influence the press. 11 Confidentials II to the editor-in-chief , discussions by unnamed sources outside the normal flow of the news, and especially the press spokesmen in the service of government. All these are not directed towards influ_ ence of the press on the government in its duty to critical review, but just to the opposite. *** �Conflict and cooperation. Conflict is the inescapable fact of life at any time. It ie l'le'if a:ne it we:s i'A y:eaPs gone by , i'A y:ol:lP time in y:ow ;paPents time and g;pam.pa:Pwi.ts tiM , Read the newspaper, turn on radio or television, it is there So, why talk about a conflict that is far in the past, in your grandparents time? You and everyone in your age group did not experience i t . You are living now in this time and that time was so different. Or was it? Were the e~ents of humanconflict different tEfu.n? Or was it the sheer magnitude of that conflict? With 57 million military and civilian casualties and many millions more affected to the depth of their being? That conflict is still the darkest period of this centuri:Dy, if not of all times. It raged worldwide, there was no hiding from it. And it is on a grand scale the most immense tale of power, its abuse, violence, injustice and murder. All aatempts were directed to stamp out freedom as we know it and cherish i t . Ye~ did !'let e*pe:11Pie"Aee it. Shollld yoQ thePefeP ehPug it eff? Your life in freedom , your existence have been made possible because then harder than at any other age, close by and far off 'jJeJc.L ~ fought ~ , many battles against the darkness of totalitarianism , and they were won at an unimag'i'S"le cost in lives I hope that you will understand something, ,me mllj"8e more deeply than ever before , why · · ~ try to bring the reality from that time back. There is always hope that your generation, and you as an individual5may yet learn to help prevent it happening again. Is an individual capable of xaccomplishing anything that might have influence on the course of events of so violent and insidious a nature as was common in that conflict 7 Is not the all pervasive p~~nce of enemy forces and behind it the vile tyranny of a morally rotten political system of such a dimension that to lay low and get along is the better part of wisdom? Is it not smarter to live for one's country and its ideals than to die for it? Espeoi:cially when you are young? Or is the agressive and fanatic political system imposed on entire peoplesand even more hrsxhly upon individuals who stand tall , motivation xenough to arrive at a point where honorable men and women say~ enough. Was there a philosophy or a compelling foresight that could prepare men and women for contingencies which could not reasonably have been foreseen in all its consequences? Does history provide guidance? Crucial crossroads to which people came and had to choose to either act righteously or bow to the inevitable? In a storm cannot a strong tree that stands unbending be broken, while rushes that bend with the wind right themselves after the wind dies down ? � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_WRI_Musings-297 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Pieter Title A name given to the resource Musings on Anti-semitism, Occupation, and Resistance Description An account of the resource Notes by Pieter N. Termaat about anti-semitism, occupation, resistance, and cooperation. Subject The topic of the resource Dutch World War, 1939-1945 -- Netherlands World War, 1939-1945--Occupied territories Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives