82 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f24063e4580f244cac6acd1e83b7da84.jpg 294cf31422911f80be74433a15d6839f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_I093-0022 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-07-25 Title A name given to the resource Billboards in Poland countryside Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a series of billboards located in the countryside of Poland. In the photograph, the three painted signs can be seen lining the side of a country road with a horse partially blocking the view. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Poland Landscapes--Poland Billboards--Poland Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0d36f49b5335dc44c344e1ce201a90b6.m4v 6292e03c6da1b370e4862f15499b91a6 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/7e8b352bf99a8fce3032fb60e20abcef.pdf 70537fbdaa5087d9f1f10b6f6ba3484e PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans’ History Project Thornell Billingslea Vietnam War 1 hour 14 minutes 45 seconds (00:00:40) Early Life -Born in Detroit, Michigan, on June 29, 1947 -Grew up in Detroit -Father was a career soldier -Raised by his mother and great-grandmother -His mother worked in the school system then in the state hospital system -They were poor and lived on the East Side of Detroit -Attended John J. Pershing High School -Father was a sergeant major in the Army -Sent money home -Had a younger brother -Parents got divorced shortly after the birth of his younger brother -Graduated from high school in 1965 -Worked for Chrysler for nine months and got fired -Worked for TRW Incorporated in Warren, Michigan (00:02:45) Getting Drafted & Awareness of Vietnam War -Received his draft notice in 1966 -Didn’t know a lot about the Vietnam War -Saw it on the evening news -Aware of fighting in Vietnam -Took his draft physical when he turned 18 years old -His eight paternal uncles and his four maternal uncles served in the military -He expected to serve regardless of the draft (00:03:50) Basic Training -Reported to Fort Wayne, Michigan, to be sent to Fort Knox, Kentucky for basic training -The drill sergeants asserted their dominance and intended on making soldiers out of the recruits -Thornell expected this after talking to his uncles -First few days of basic training spent on testing and processing -Did calisthenics every morning before breakfast -Received rifle training -Got some Jungle Training -Did hand-hand training -Went on long marches -Marched up “Suicide Hill” with a full backpack -Strong emphasis on discipline -Remembers standing in formation, at attention, when a bee stung him and he didn’t move -Drill sergeants taught him a lot -Emphasized that discipline and hard work in basic training meant survival -He adjusted easily to Army life -Lifelong athlete made physical training easy, and he understood the discipline aspect �-Some of the men had difficulty adjusting -In the fourth or fifth week one man swallowed aluminum foil on purpose and got discharged -He was drafted with some of his friends and was able to train with them too -Basic training lasted eight weeks (00:09:15) Advanced Infantry Training -He volunteered to be a paratrooper meaning he would receive Infantry Training before Jump School -In Advanced Infantry Training (AIT) he received Infantry Training and more Jungle Training -Sent to Fort Gordon, Georgia for AIT because it was closer to Fort Benning than Fort Polk, Louisiana -Focused on infantry tactics and how to survive behind enemy lines -Received more training with the M-16 rifle -Went on an overnight maneuver -Sent into the wilderness and told to get back to base -Trained with a full range of infantry weapons -M79 grenade launcher, M60 machine gun, M72 LAW (antitank weapon), rifle-mounted grenade launcher, and the .50 caliber machine gun -Simulated conditions in Vietnam -Had a mock village for patrol training -A couple of the sergeants had been to Vietnam -Advised the men to keep their feet dry and powdered to avoid infection -Avoid the villages and the women -Watch out for booby traps -Received booby trap training -Close, but not the same as the real thing -Visited Augusta, Georgia, twice during his time at Fort Gordon -Noticed the racism and discrimination -Certain hotels refused him, and other black soldiers, service -Got robbed while in a hotel -Called the police and they were no help -On the way back to base a black soldier got into a fight with a few white men -Wondered why he should serve a country with citizens that hated him -Stayed at Fort Gordon for six weeks (00:16:55) Airborne Training -Sent to Fort Benning, Georgia, for Jump School (Airborne Training) -Ran five miles in the morning and did calisthenics then got breakfast -Received parachute training -How to land without injuring himself -Jumped from a training tower -Part of the intense physical training was to ready the body for landing after a jump -Also preparing to do a lot of walking and running -Only three men dropped out -One man broke his leg -Started with jumping off a stool and landing with a tuck and roll -Moved onto going down a zip line from a tower -Did this every day for the first three weeks -In the fourth week he did training jumps from a plane -Had to do three successful jumps to get his Airborne wings -First jump was phenomenal and exciting, but subsequent jumps were scarier (00:20:13) Deployment to Vietnam -Sent to Fort Campbell for two weeks �-Received orders for the 173rd Airborne Brigade -Missed the 173rd’s combat jump in Vietnam (Operation Junction City) -Went home on leave -Visited TRW because most of the workers were veterans -Accepted well by his community -Proud of his accomplishments in the Army -Sent to Fort Dix, New Jersey, and flew to San Francisco -Boarded another plane in San Francisco and flew to Vietnam -Stopped at Hawaii and Okinawa en route (00:22:12) Arrival in Vietnam -Landed at Tan Son Nhut Airbase in the morning -First impression of the country was that it was hot, and surprisingly peaceful -Received a brief orientation upon arrival -What to do, what not to do, and stay away from the women (00:23:08) Joining the 173rd Airborne Brigade -Assigned to Alpha Company of the 2nd Battalion of the 173rd Airborne Brigade -Operating out of Bien Hoa at the time -When he arrived at the base nobody was there except for support personnel -Rest of the unit was in the field -Assigned to a hut -He was by himself on his first night in country -Remembers halfway through the night something trying to get up on his bunk -He swatted at it and it yelped -Relieved to discover that it was a puppy -The unit returned and he was assigned to 1st platoon in Alpha Company -He met with the men in his unit -Despite being the “new guy” he made friends quickly -Diverse mix of races -About 60 percent black, 20 percent Hispanic, and 20 percent white (00:26:38) First Patrol -Went out in helicopters to get into the field -Started taking sniper fire before hitting the landing zone -Reached the landing zone and jumped out of the helicopter -10 to 12 foot jump from the helicopter -Hit the ground running -Advancing toward the snipers and returning fire -Killed one of them and the other two retreated -Walked away from the landing zone and got to a place to make camp -Dug foxholes, ate C-Rations, and took turns standing watch -On this patrol Alpha Company moved as a company; not platoons or squads -Operated in a mix of jungle, fields, and rice paddies -Never walked on trails, and instead made their own trails -Walked in a ten yard spread -The other men knew how to operate in the field -A Native American soldier took care of Thornell and taught him how to survive -This same soldier could smell Viet Cong soldiers and knew where they had been -It was a quiet patrol -Encountered another sniper, but he retreated -Went on this first patrol in March 1967 �(00:31:05) Moving to Pleiku -Stayed at Bien Hoa until May 1967 -Went to Taipei, Taiwan, for R&R -Unit moved to Pleiku shortly before his R&R -Stayed there for three weeks and experienced the monsoon (00:31:54) Enemy Contact – Bien Hoa -Always had light enemy contact around Bien Hoa -Encountered Viet Cong troops and never North Vietnamese Army troops -Usually ran into individual snipers or squads of Viet Cong troops -Captured one Viet Cong soldier and sent him back to base for interrogation -Unit didn’t take any casualties while operating out of Bien Hoa (00:33:00) Operating out of Bien Hoa -Patrols lasted two to three weeks -After patrols they returned to base and went to a bar in Bien Hoa -Never saw any civilians on patrols -Didn’t go through villages or farms (00:34:04) Operating out of Pleiku -General Westmoreland wanted to focus efforts on Pleiku -This prompted the 173rd’s move to Pleiku -Traveled to Pleiku by way of convoy -Passed through the Ia Drang Valley and heard “Hanoi Hannah” on the radio -Operated out of Pleiku for two or three weeks -Had a small base at Pleiku -Went on small patrols -Remembers a firefight wherein a few American soldiers got wounded -First time seeing wounded American troops -Had orders to wait for the enemy to shoot first, but they tended to ignore that order for survival (00:36:41) Operating out of Dak To -Moved to Dak To in early June 1967 -Started encountering heavier resistance than before -More concentrated fire and organized attacks -Found enemy tunnels, bases, and other signs of human activity -Operated as a fully company -About 125 to 130 men in the field during patrols -Dak To was a small base in the Central Highlands and it had an airfield -Allowed them to fly out to the field and go on patrols (00:39:05) The Battle of the Slopes (Hill 1338) -On the third patrol out of Dak To they fought the Battle of the Slopes on June 22, 1967 -On June 21 they found a tunnel system and set up camp near the complex -The next day, Thornell and a few other men stayed behind to gas the tunnels -The rest of Alpha Company moved on -Rejoined his platoon in the midst of an intense firefight -When Thornell reached his platoon a quarter of the men were either hit, or killed -The jungle was too thick for an outflanking maneuver -Alpha was spread out and pinned -Later found out that it was Alpha Company against a battalion of North Vietnamese troops -North Vietnamese attacked in waves -He lost his radio and was the only man not wounded or dead -Thornell tended to the wounded while returning fire �-Attack helicopters and jets came to try and hit the North Vietnamese positions -Limited visibility and proximity of the enemy troops made airstrikes impossible -Thornell went to the main body of Alpha Company to inform them of his platoon’s position -He returned to his platoon and tended to his lieutenant and medic -Lieutenant had a severe head wound and medic had been disemboweled -It started to get dark, so Thornell decided to go to Alpha and see if they could get evacuated -On the path he encountered three North Vietnamese soldiers -He shot and killed one, -Used his knife to kill another, -Killed the third with his bare hands -Realized that Alpha Company had left the area -Began walking back toward the base at Dak To -Took him three days to get from Hill 1338 to Dak To -Only had one meal and limited water -Lived off of grubs and vegetation -Whenever he saw Vietnamese troops he took cover and let them pass -Reached the perimeter of the base -Guard on watch recognized him and helped guide him through the minefield -Lieutenant and medic died from their wounds -Note: 76 men of Alpha Company had been killed and 23 men wounded -Most of the men had died from the wounds -Survivors also said the North Vietnamese executed some of the wounded (00:48:33) Recovering from the Battle of the Slopes -Had to get reinforcements to rebuild Alpha Company -He helped identify the dead -Identified the body of his friend, Eddy -Went out on another night patrol on June 28 -Hadn’t gotten much sleep, so he fell asleep on watch -Punished with having to dig an 8’ x 8’ x 8’ hole -General Westmoreland came to the base at Dak To -Thornell was called to go before the general -Awarded the Bronze Star for his actions at Hill 1338 -Got some sergeants from other companies to rebuild Alpha Company -Majority of reinforcements came fresh from the United States (00:52:53) Officers in Alpha Company -Got a new lieutenant that graduated from West Point -He was book smart, but lacked experience -Most West Point graduates were over ambitious and cared more about commendations -Some of the men wanted to “frag” (assassinate) the executive officer (XO) of Alpha Company -Felt he was incompetent and prejudiced -Thornell’s friend, Eddy, had been a typist and company clerk -Good position since he was married and it was safer -The XO found another typist, a white man, and replaced Eddy -Got Eddy sent to the field and ultimately killed at Hill 1338 (00:54:55) Battle of Dak To & Getting Wounded -The Battle of Dak To became an extended campaign -Went out on a patrol on July 9 -Hit the landing zone and immediately took sniper fire -Captain called in artillery to neutralize the snipers �-One of the artillery rounds fell short -Severely wounded Thornell and nine other men -He had been wounded before, but this time he almost lost his arm -Given morphine and got evacuated to a Mobile Army Surgical Hospital (MASH) -Woke up two days later and told to write a letter home (00:58:19) Recovery & Coming Home -Evacuated to the Philippines for more surgery -Sent to Japan and stayed there for a month -Almost had his arm amputated -A colonel stepped in and did the surgery, saving Thornell’s arm -Flown to Alaska then Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland -Bused Valley Forge General Hospital, Pennsylvania -Nine months of rehabilitation -Went to the gym every day and played basketball -Visited New York City and Philadelphia -Went home on leave after a month at the hospital -Went to the Philadelphia airport -Protester spit on him and he got into a fight with the protester -Police broke up the fight and backed Thornell -Family welcomed him home and called him a hero -Brother got sent to Vietnam since Thornell was home (01:03:10) End of Service -Sent to Fort Knox for the rest of his enlistment -Didn’t make sense to him since he had a medical profile -Couldn’t handle a weapon or lift more than ten pounds -Got to Fort Knox about one week after the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. -Troops had been deployed out of Fort Knox to deal with riots in the cities -He stayed in the day room and played music to pass the time -Majority of black soldiers and even some white soldiers didn’t want to go to the cities -Discharged in August 1968 -Army encouraged him to leave (01:05:41) Life after the War -Got married in September 1968 -Went back to work for TRW -Stayed until 1986 -Went to Wayne State University on the GI Bill and studied social work -Wanted to do more work with his hands, though -Got a scholarship with BASF to become an electrician for the company -Ultimately moved to Kentwood, Michigan and lives there as of the interview (01:08:05) Reflections on Service -Gave him a lot of discipline and the ambition to complete his goals -His service also left him with PTSD and severe injuries -Has chronic pain in his arm and had to have 13 surgeries (01:09:25) Coping with PTSD -Had two sons, a wife, work, school, and his own small business -Overworked to avoid his PTSD -If he stayed busy he couldn’t focus on the bad memories -Played basketball and drank a lot to avoid the memories -Started getting treatment for his PTSD in 2005 �-Had retired in 2002 which gave him more time to focus on his experiences in Vietnam -Started seeing a psychologist and going to group therapy -Works with other veterans to help them with their PTSD -Runs a veteran group on Tuesday nights -Does peer-to-peer counseling as an independent therapist -Is working with an Afghan War veteran as of the interview � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BillingsleaT1929V Title A name given to the resource Billingslea, Thornell (Interview outline and video), 2016 Description An account of the resource Thornell Billingslea was born in Detroit, Michigan, on June 29, 1947. In 1966 he was drafted and received his basic training at Fort Knox, Kentucky. He volunteered to be a paratrooper and received his Advanced Infantry Training at Fort Gordon, Georgia, and his Airborne Training at Fort Benning, Georgia. He went home on a short leave before being deployed to Vietnam. Thornell landed at Tan Son Nhut Airbase and was assigned to Alpha Company of the 2nd Battalion of the 173rd Airborne Brigade. He joined his unit at Bien Hoa and was assigned to 1st platoon. He went on patrols out of Bien Hoa, Pleiku, and Dak To. While at Dak To he fought in the Battle of the Slopes (Hill 1338) and after getting separated from his unit walked for three days to get back to Dak To. Thornell was awarded the Bronze Star for his actions at Hill 1338. He was wounded on a patrol on July 9, 1967, and after recovering was stationed at Fort Knox, Kentucky until he was discharged in August 1968. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Billingslea, Thornell Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) WKTV (Wyoming, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-03-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ec6c3128b89428b5b703100a8837a797.pdf 98b4b4fd7d2525fbc9f903f0fcb3a453 PDF Text Text Young Lords In Lincoln Park Interviewee: Billy “Che” Brooks Interviewers: José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez Location: Grand Valley State University Special Collections Date: 3/28/2012 Biography and Description Billy “Che” Brooks is Deputy Minister of Education of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPP) and Director of YouthLAB@1521 through the Better Boys Foundation. In 1969, Mr. Brooks was very close to Chairman Fred Hampton who was the main spokesman of the Black Panther Party in Illinois. As one of the primary leaders of the BPP, Mr. Brooks was under constant, daily harassment by the Chicago Red Squad and Gang Intelligence Unit. He also worked closely with the Young Lords through the Rainbow Coalition.Mr. Brooks recalls one time when Mr. Hampton asked Mr. José ”Cha-Cha” Jiménez to sneak Mr. Brooks out of a rally at Grant Park, where the police wanted to arrest him on a simple, disorderly conduct warrant. In the middle of the Michigan Avenue Bridge, by Oak Street, the police blocked the automobile in which they were driving, pointed their funs in the faces of those in the car, and arrested Mr. Brooks. The Young Lords drove to the police station and posted his bond. They then drove Mr. Brooks back to the BPP headquarters and told Chairman Hampton, “This one is on us.” Mr. Brooks began working with the Better Boys Foundation in 1978 as the Coordinator of Community Involvement. He continued this work until 1994 and then returned to the agency in 2008. In the interim, Mr. Books engaged in a whole variety of community and public interest work including positions with the Westside Association for Community Action, Habilitative Systems, Inc. and the Harvard School of Public Health. �Transcript JOSE JIMENEZ: (inaudible). BILLY BROOKS: My name is Billy Lamar Brooks, Sr., a.k.a Che. I was born in Forest, Mississippi on July 18th, 1948. My family migrated to the State of Illinois, to the best of my recollection when I was three years old. I pretty much have lived on the West side of Chicago my entire adult life. I [00:01:00] spent most of my time in the North Lawndale community in an area called K-Town which is called K-Town because most of the streets start with a K, you know, Komensky, Karlov, Kedvale, Keeler, Kolin, Kildare, Kostner, then we go Tripp right in the middle there. And I went to Bryant School, which is located on 13th and Kedvale. From there, I went to Mason School, which is on 18th and Keeler. I graduated from Mason School in June of 1963, attended John Marshall High School where I ran track [00:02:00] for four years and participated in African American History Club, but it was called Negro History Club, taught by a guy by the name of George Crockett. I graduated from Marshall High School in June of 1967. This is where it get interesting, I went to Wilson Junior College, which at that time was located on 70th and Stewart, ran track there also, cross country. And got engaged in [00:03:00] a real African American club, you know, which opened my eyes up to the contradictions that existed in terms of poor people in this here country. I became politically conscious, politically aware of this government just in terms of how it treated its poor citizens. It was never my intention to be quote unquote, a “subversive, radical” or a member of the Black Panther Party. [00:04:00] I wanted to be a lawyer, I wanted to be a doctor and a 1 �lot of that was just based on the fact that I wanted to be a part of the American dream, which I was told was available to me. One thing led to another, I met some guys from the South Side of Chicago that I bonded to and we would meet and talk and meet and talk and I got tired of meeting and talking. I was familiar with what was going on in Oakland in October of 1966, you know, but it was not something that [00:05:00] (pause) I really wanted to be a part of, but I met this dude named Bobby Lee Rush, who’s a sitting congressman now in D.C., he represents some legislative district congressionally on the South Side. And we began to collaborate and organize around the issues of police brutality, which was something that I had witnessed as a very young person pretty much all my life. And one thing led to another just in terms of my consciousness and [00:06:00] my willingness to actually want to become part of a broader more focused struggle. Didn’t really know what I was getting into, but I had a burning desire to resist the temptation of not being a part of probably one of the most progressive and revolutionary movements in the history of this country when it comes down to dealing with the contradictions with capitalism and the overt oppression of [00:07:00] poor minority communities, you know. So, I actually went into the concept of being a member of the Black Panther Party not as a Black nationalist, not from within an Afrocentric perspective, but with the understanding that if we were actually going to have an impact on heightened contractions and changing some rudimentary social policies in this here country then we have to work with some coalition politics which was really part of the ideology and philosophy of the Black Panther Party, starting with the original 2 �Rainbow Coalition [00:08:00] with the Peace and Freedom Party out in San Francisco, Oakland, Bay Area when Eldridge Cleaver ran for president, you know, So, it became part and parcel of our philosophy and our ideology here in the State of Illinois where we were actually upon the leadership of our deputy chairman Fred Hampton who really understood more so than any of us at that time the importance of coalition politics. He took the lead in establishing [00:09:00] relationships throughout the city of Chicago. Even at one time and point tried to hook up with the Black P. Stone Nation, which is what they were called at that time and that didn’t work out too well. Worked a little with David... JJ: Why didn’t it work out too well? BB: Actually, at that time, there were a lot of dollars floating around out here from the so called Model Cities Program and a lot of that money were going to gangs, you know, like the Vice Lords, like the Black P. Stone Nation and they felt that we were a threat to them. You know, our focus was [00:10:00] on organizing poor and oppressed people in regards of where they were or what they were doing. And basically, it didn’t work out because they saw us as a threat to them. A lot of it had to do with... JJ: Threat in terms of taking your funds from the Model Cities? BB: Well, more or less. I would say to the extent of us impacting their ability to get those funds, you know, because we were talking about changing the economic infrastructure of our community, we were talking about building a political and economic base that actually we would control as opposed to [00:11:00] working with governmental handouts that placed all kind of constrictions and, (pause) you 3 �know, restrictions and unnecessary demands, was really basically what governed what we did. At that time the big thing was opening up businesses in the community and we weren’t into that at all. We were into heightening contradictions, you know, as we did with our breakfast program, as we did... JJ: Yeah, heightening contradictions meaning what? BB: It actually means that you’re making people aware. Okay, first of all, we look at oppression, we see oppression as violence, okay. [00:12:00] And the major contradiction that we looked at was children were going to school hungry, you know, and it’s kind of difficult to learn when you’re hungry. So, we saw that as a major contradiction. So, our intent was to heighten the people’s awareness of that. JJ: Major contradiction because they were hungry in a prosperous country? BB: Exactly, exactly. In a country that was one of the wealthiest countries in the world. All of our survival programs were geared toward heightening contradictions, you know, from the medical center to the free prison program. But the cream of the crop was... JJ: The Free Prison Program, how was that heightening contradictions? BB: Well, we [00:13:00] a lot of people that were incarcerated in Southern Illinois, people were not able to visit their relatives. And if you are incarcerated and you don’t have anyone coming to visit you, pretty much anything can go down, okay, so we created the Free Prison Bussing Program that took actual community residents, free of charge to visit their loved ones. Which really pissed off the penal institutions, you know, because then they started to have to change the 4 �way they treated our incarcerated family members. [00:14:00] Then people basically started going on their own to visit their relatives. All our programs were based on survival. Later on, Huey P. Newton conceptualized a different approach to the infrastructure of the Black Panther Party and started talking about revolutionary and communalism which connects all poor and oppressed communities around the world that are struggling with the same social, economic and political concerns. But they were all part and parcel of our original 10-point platform [00:15:00] and program. The most salient one was point number 10 where we talked about, we want land, bread, housing, education, clothing, justice and peace. And as our major political objective, a United Nation supervised plebiscite which is a vote to determine the destiny of our poor and oppressed people and communities, you know, we wanted a vote. And we still would like to see that happen now in 2012 because the conditions haven’t changed, they haven’t changed here, they haven’t changed in the so-called Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. We’re still being exploited to the max in terms of [00:16:00] economic system, you know. JJ: Okay, so this was about the people determining their own destiny and bringing it to a vote you’re saying, (inaudible)? BB: Yeah, you know, bringing a vote, it would be a plebiscite. The whole concept behind United Nations is that they’re a world body and that each member of the United Nation represent nations around the world. And you well know, most of the oppressed third world nations and countries are being exploited for economic [00:17:00] reasons. 5 �JJ: So, you came when you were around three years old to the West Side of Chicago. BB: Yes. JJ: Okay. And you lived in K-Town (inaudible). BB: Mm-hmm. JJ: And then later on of course, you joined different groups, but you joined the Black Panther Party. BB: I only joined one group. JJ: Prior to that? BB: You know, I joined the Black Panther Party in October, 1968. Prior to that, I was not affiliated with... JJ: Any other group. BB: No. JJ: Okay. So, how did you get from Mississippi to Chicago thinking about the Black Panther Party? In between there with growing -- BB: Well, I came from... JJ: -- up on the West Side, what was that like (overlapping dialogue; inaudible)? BB: Well, [00:18:00] from Mississippi, I was three years old, I have very little memory of that. Some of my more salient thoughts are black and white police cars. We used to stay on 18th and Hastings and I had a Uncle Joe, a big truck driver, he used to drink a lot, he was very strong and he’d get into it with the police a lot. JJ: In like disorderly or something like that? BB: Yeah, no, I used to actually watch him beat the shit outta the police. 6 �JJ: Oh, he (inaudible). BB: Yeah. You know what I’m sayin’? I mean, eventually they would get the best of him, you know, but those are some of my early memories and I used to wonder why the police were so brutal. [00:19:00] JJ: Were there a lot of relatives here, did you have a lot of relatives? BB: Oh yeah, pretty much... JJ: I mean, did they come at the same time? BB: We all left -- as far as Mississippi, my uncle -- I had an uncle who lived in Gary, Indiana, he’s the oldest of my mother’s siblings. He came first, okay, and he worked at the steel mill. Then I had my Uncle Joe, then I had relatives in Joliet, Illinois. But I would say by the year of -- I was born in 48, so by the time I was six, seven years old, we had a real close-knit clan [00:20:00] here in Chicago area, which at that time included... JJ: On the West Side? BB: Yeah, but it also included -- JJ: Joliet and -- BB: -- Joliet, it included Gary, Indiana ’cause just about every weekend, we’d pile up in the old Buick and we’d be going to Joliet or we’d be going to Gary. Yeah, a lot of family here. JJ: So, you grew up with a family, cousins and all that. And what were they into, what were your cousins [and them into?], what the – I’m getting more personal. BB: I was the black sheep, okay? My mother pretty much was the only one who supported my [00:21:00] activities in the Black Panther Party. 7 �JJ: You’re talking about later, when you were an outcast for being a Panther. BB: No, I’m just talking about when I joined the party. JJ: But I’m talking about growing up. BB: What do you mean? JJ: You said you were the black sheep growing up. BB: No, no, not growing up. My stepfather was a Baptist minister, and I grew up in a church. I was a junior deacon, I taught Sunday school up until my senior year of high school, which was 1967. No, I fit quite well within the family structure up until like ’67, which was my first year of college, the first day of college, which was like September... JJ: What college was this? BB: Wilson Junior College. JJ: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) BB: I remember participating in a 10 a.m. demonstration up here on Pulaski and [00:22:00] and Roosevelt. At that time, Richard Elrod was the city’s corporation counsel, he was one of Daley’s number one (audio cuts out) he became sheriff, Richard Elrod. And that’s where I met [Dax Crawford?], and I met Doug Andrews, you know, from the West Side Organization, WSO. And that was my very first arrest. JJ: Oh, you got arrested in that [thing?]? BB: Yeah, well, you know, at that time, they had what they called over here, Contract Buyers League, you had a lot of slum landlords and this was on the heels of what 8 �Dr. King was doing who lived a couple of blocks back from where we are now, [00:23:00] three blocks over, so he was part of that. JJ: Dr. King? BB: Yeah. JJ: Lived here, you mean in Chicago? BB: Yeah, yeah. JJ: Oh, I didn’t know. BB: Yeah, they’ve got a little apartment complex right over there on 16th and Hamlin in his honor, Dr. King Apartments, yeah. JJ: Okay. BB: Yeah, you know, this is where he -- him and Bob Lucas, they organized and... JJ: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) Bob Lucas. BB: Yeah, Dr. King stayed right over there on 15th and Hamlin, you know, that’s just like three blocks from where we are now. So, he had a lot of influence on activism in this particular neighborhood. And even though I got arrested and I was part of it, I still didn’t proactively engage myself as an organizer, but it was something that spoke out in my mind and I think that was the first time -- ’cause they didn’t [00:24:00] handcuff us, they just loaded us in the paddy wagon. And I remember getting in the paddy wagon and holding up my fist and saying, “Black power.” I didn’t know what the fuck Black power meant at that time, but there was just some rage. Because there were a lot of older seniors who were -- it was a 10 a.m. demonstration, they’re just sitting there protesting, they weren’t bothering nobody. I didn’t even have to go in, I coulda just got my ass on a bus, 9 �took the train and went on to school. But I said, “No,” because they had ’em surrounded, and they had their little helmets and shit on and had their little billy clubs. And I said, “They ain’t gonna beat these old people up,” you know what I’m saying, “I ain’t gonna let that happen.” So, they let all the old people (laughs) go and took our ass to jail. [00:25:00] JJ: Is it just upbringing or something, you were looking for the old people or (overlapping dialogue; inaudible)? BB: Well, man, you know, you grow up -- JJ: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). BB: -- you grow up with respect for your elders and you wanna protect them and that was a lot of what that was from my point. I had a lot of elders in the church, the mothers, you know, they had the Mothers’ Board, and then they had all the old cats on the Deacon Board. And it was just something Cha-Cha that you learned to do. JJ: Because these were people from the church that were (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). BB: Well, not necessarily from the church, but they were people from the community who reminded me of people. JJ: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) BB: They were people fighting for their rights [00:26:00] against the slum landlords, they weren’t fixing anything, they was charging people absorbent amount of dollars to live in these fuckin’ rat holes, and people just got tired and they started protesting. 10 �JJ: And this was on the West Side only or... BB: Well, I think it was citywide. JJ: It was citywide? BB: They was doin’ the same thing in Inglewood, they was doin’ the same thing in the Kenwood Oakland community, that’s where the Woodlawn Organization -- now, this was around the time when the University of Chicago was expanding. JJ: But they were displacing people when they were expanding. BB: Yes. JJ: So, [00:27:00) it was a (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). BB: Well, it was called urban renewal. JJ: Okay. At that time, yeah. BB: And it was citywide. The same thing that happened here, happened up north. JJ: Exactly. In Uptown, Lincoln Park? BB: Yeah. JJ: In Uptown more, they were dealing with slum landlords more, where Lincoln Park was more displacement. BB: Urban removal. JJ: Urban removal, yeah. BB: Yeah, you know what I’m sayin’? Because the land was prime, you know, and the people with the dollars, the people with the money wanted to come back. You know, at one point, they all fled outta the city. [00:28:00] JJ: When was that, I mean, (overlapping dialogue; inaudible)? 11 �BB: Well, you know, late ’50s, pretty much all of the ’60s. When they started building the University of Illinois, Circle Campus down there on Roosevelt and Halsted. Now, you know we used to go down there and buy (inaudible) and, you know. JJ: On Maxwell Street there. BB: Yeah. You know, you’re being politically correct, but then we called it Jewtown in the heyday, didn’t have no problem saying, you know, Jewtown (inaudible) and they weren’t Maxwell Street Polish, they were Jewtown Polish and they had this concept of bartering [00:29:00] that they call it, they called it jewing. They’ll have a product that they paid five dollars for, they wanna sell it to you for ten. So, you sit there and talk back and forth to ’em, then you get it down to five dollars, they’re not losing no money. You know what I’m sayin’? They’re not losing nothing, they just -- if you had a strong game, you know, you can get ’em down to 4.50, but the majority of people, they’ll pay the top price. Yeah. JJ: You had them down to 4.50. BB: Actually, I’d go down there and steal that shit. (laughter) Go down and steal that shit, man. JJ: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). Okay, so we had Maxwell Street or Jewtown as it was called by everybody at that time, that you said I was trying to be politically correct. But [00:30:00] there were a lot of Jewish vendors, I mean, so they didn’t (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). BB: Well, it was all Jewish, you know. JJ: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). BB: It was all Jewish. Now you had your -- 12 �JJ: They didn’t mind it at that time. BB: Well, no, you know, you had your street, you know, vendors, you had your blues singers. JJ: (inaudible) and everything on the street. BB: Yeah. JJ: I remember (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). BB: Yeah, we had Smoky Joe right there, that’s where everybody used to go get their (inaudible), you know, big ole hats and Stacy Adams shoes, you know, understand, that’s what we wearing back in high school. JJ: So, that kind of -- in that area, people were displaced from that area later, or is that what you’re -- BB: Pretty much. JJ: -- what we’re saying? BB: Yeah, pretty much. I mean, you see the spread that they have down there now from Halsted coming back west, going all the way down [00:31:00] to Harrison, you know what I’m saying? (inaudible) even went all the way back to 18th Street. JJ: Okay, so these things related to housing, to police brutality and then you said you joined the Panthers in October of ’68. BB: Mm-hmm. JJ: So, I mean, what happened, what was your position in the Panthers at that time? BB: I was a Deputy Minister of Education, structure wise, Bobby Rush was the Deputy Minister of Defense, which patterned after central committee, Huey P. Newton being the Minister of Defense, that meant Rush was the leader of the 13 �party [00:32:00] here. And then Fred Hampton was the Deputy Chairman which pretty much meant that he was the spokesman and that he understood the ideology and the philosophy, and he was able to speak on it, with some shit Rush could never do. And then up under me, there was Rufus Chaka Walls, he was the Deputy Minister of Information. Later we had Ronald Doc Satchel as the Deputy Minister of Health. Ann Campbell. (laughs) JJ: And then Ann Campbell, what was her position? BB: She was the like the Communications Secretary. JJ: Communications Secretary. BB: Yeah. We had a deputy minister of labor [00:33:00] initially, which his name was Ron Carter. No, no, not [Ron Carter?], [Don Patterson?]. JJ: Don Patterson. BB: Yeah, Ron Patterson. JJ: Yvonne King [with them, was it?]? BB: Yvonne King actually was Bill’s secretary. JJ: Bill’s secretary. BB: Along with Jewel Cook. JJ: Jewel Cook (inaudible). BB: Yeah. JJ: Bob Lee. BB: Bob Lee was Field Secretary. And what the field secretaries did was go out and organize certain parts of the city. As you know, Bob Lee had North Side and that’s how he got going, you know, from Northeastern to basically Uptown. He 14 �was real instrumental in organizing the Young Patriots and he probably was the only one that good do it ’cause, I mean, (inaudible). [00:34:00] (laughs) You know how we rolled, right, you was there. But everybody had a specific role and responsibility within the infrastructure of our Black Panther Party. Now, I have to emphasize, our Black Panther Party. JJ: So, I see that there was some people that were not -- in terms of the Rainbow Coalition in the beginning, people were not accepting it? BB: Well, no, I... JJ: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) understood. BB: I won’t say there was no acceptance, it was just like the whole concept was coalition politics. JJ: But there wasn’t hesitation. BB: No, no, I mean, this was something that was mandated, this was part of our charge. We just had to find the right person to do it. You know what I’m sayin’? You couldn’t send me up there. JJ: (laughs) BB: You know, [00:35:00] you know. But we supported the work of Bob Lee because the whole intent... JJ: Chicago was a segregated city, I mean for a while (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). BB: Oh, still is, still is. JJ: So, the West Side and the North Side were segregated (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). 15 �BB: Right, right, South Side, West Side, North Side. JJ: So, you were growing up on the West Side (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). BB: Mm-hmm. See, my job over here, we opened up... JJ: I mean, did that affect the coalition building or -- BB: No, no. JJ: -- segregation is (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). BB: No, I mean, not really. Our biggest dilemma came with Students for a Democratic Society, RAM One, RAM Two, Bernadine, Jeff Jones, Mark Rudd, [Brian Dean?] and Bill Ayers. When they opened up their office over there on Ashland and Madison, we just [00:36:00] had problems with that because the whole intent was for them to go back to their respective communities to combat racism. JJ: And Ashland and Madison, what type of community was it? BB: It was a Black community. JJ: So, they were in the middle of a Black community. BB: Yeah. JJ: And most of them were White (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). BB: All of them were White. JJ: All of them were White. BB: Yeah. JJ: So, you had a problem with that. BB: Well, yeah. I mean, the thing was is that y’all go in y’all community and organize, and educate the racists in your neighborhoods to understand and support what 16 �you guys are doing to bring about social change. And they never quite got that. We used to call them Mother Country Radicals as you very [00:37:00] well know. We never had a problem with Mike James, you know, Mike and I are still good friends, I just don’t get up to the Heartland Café ’cause it’s so damn far, you know, and then... JJ: And the reason for not everyone following Mike James... BB: Because Mike James was cool, Mike James was a greaser. JJ: He was organizing, a greaser. BB: Yeah, he was doing his -- he was, you know. JJ: He was doing his job -- BB: Yeah. JJ: -- organizing the greaser (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) in the White community. BB: Right, right. JJ: And the Young Patriots were doing the same thing in Uptown (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). BB: Exactly, exactly. JJ: Okay. BB: We never saw SDS as part of the Rainbow Coalition, you know what I’m sayin’? JJ: At that time (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). BB: It never did. It never did. All right? JJ: I don’t wanna put words in... BB: No, no, we never did -- 17 �JJ: You never (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). BB: -- particularly after October, [00:38:00] November in ’69 when they decided to break off and become the Weathermen. JJ: Okay. BB: You know what I’m sayin’? And they decided that they were going to go around and start blowing shit up, you know, they wanted to do some armed revolution. And we said no. They aligned themselves with Eldridge Cleaver and DLA and it hurt. Basically, what it was that we were trying to deal with our survival programs, we knew very well that we’re not ready for no armed struggle, we didn’t [00:39:00] have the weaponry and probably never will happen. The idea was to educate people, the idea was to heighten the contradictions and to use what we were doing as vanguard party to put the [masses of the?] people in a situation where they would see a need for change and make those necessary changes through a concept called protracted struggle. I have not given up, you know, it’s a process, it’s an ongoing process, you know what I’m sayin’, but you constantly have to organize, you constantly have to educate. And see that’s one of the things people don’t wanna talk about now in terms of what our intent was, [00:40:00] what our purpose was. JJ: So now, when you’re speaking, you’re not speaking individually, you’re saying that the party in Illinois was feeling the same thing you (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). BB: Well, actually, let me give you an example of something. JJ: I remember Fred Hampton also (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). 18 �BB: I know you do. JJ: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). BB: (laughs) I know you do. But see the thing of it is that we did what we called party lines. JJ: I think some of them came later on when they started organizing, but at that moment (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). BB: Yeah, yeah. Well, you know, he was gone basically from April of ’69 to August ice cream truck shit, you know, he was in the joint. Then when he got out in August, he was gone... JJ: Ice cream truck meaning? BB: He allegedly stole... JJ: That’s where they accused [00:41:00] him (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). BB: Yeah. And he was out on appeal, and he was fighting it. JJ: He had taken some ice cream and then supposedly have given it to the -- BB: Right, right. JJ: -- kids in the neighborhood. BB: Right, right. And then from August going forward, four months later he was dead, assassinated, December the 4th. And between August, you know what I mean, we had like three police hit someone in our office, we had one in July, we had one in August and we had one in October, which was one I was in there on. And then later on in November there was a situation where Spurgeon Jake Winters had a confrontation with some police on the South Side, Gilhooly and Rappaport, [00:42:00] those were their names and they killed him, but he killed a couple of 19 �them. Then they intensified their efforts to just totally destroy -- and what people sometimes don’t recognize is that when that incident happened Spurgeon really wasn’t in the party. JJ: What incident, I mean, (inaudible) clear on -- the incident that (inaudible) Spurgeon -- what was the incident? BB: They had a shootout with the police. JJ: Okay, but I mean what was the basis, what was the police (overlapping dialogue; inaudible)? BB: It wasn’t -- I don’t know. JJ: Stop and frisk? BB: I don’t know, I wasn’t there. I just know the end result. JJ: And you said there were three hits by the police, meaning that they came and raided the office three times. BB: Mm-hmm. [00:43:00] JJ: And the Panthers defended the office each time (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). I mean that’s what you’re saying or... BB: What I said was they hit our office three times, arrested us and beat the shit out of us on each occasion. I don’t know if you wanna call that defending, you know, I remember when they was beating the shit outta me, I didn’t feel like I was defending shit. You know what I’m sayin’ was some brutal shit they put down, you know what I’m sayin’? We were victims. JJ: Okay. 20 �BB: None of them were hurt, you know, because that’s not what we were about, we were about propagandizing, [00:44:00] we were about educating, we were about putting together programs. And they knew it, they had enough provocateur agents and informants in the Black Panther Party to know that we really wasn’t... JJ: You said provocateur agents, what was their role (overlapping dialogue; inaudible)? BB: They would create situations to (audio cuts out) things that would allow the police to -- William O’Neal for instance was an excellent example of a provocateur agent. He was placed there by the FBI and the Gang Intelligence Unit. And he was called out on a number of times as being [00:45:00] a provocateur. JJ: I mean, what did you do? I know, I saw one time a homemade electric chair that he had created to (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). BB: O’Neal was on the defense cadre, okay, security detail, you know, which meant that he was under the leadership of Bobby Rush. Each deputy minister had a cadre, you know, I mean we had structure. And on a number of occasions O’Neal was called to the carpet by Rush, Bobby Rush, the congressman, the preacher, the minister defended him and vouched for him. This is record stuff I’m talking, I don’t have a problem saying this. I don’t know if it was out of his naivete, [00:46:00] you know, I would not sit here and say that Bobby Rush was an agent for the government, but I will say that he had a security clearance as a member of the United States Military, which was hard at that point in time for a black man to get. Now, I can say that he left the United States Army and went to SNCC and left SNCC and came to the Black Panther Party. I can say that we 21 �never had a good relationship to this day. Reading in the paper today that he was in D.C. yesterday with a hoody on in support of Trayvon [00:47:00] Martin. With all the other kinda work, the Black Congressional Caucus can be about right now just in terms of enacting legislation and processes to impact poor people particularly in his district, that was a coward act to me. Enough of Bobby Rush. Nothing I’ve never said before. JJ: Okay, so you have not seen that (inaudible) within (inaudible) record is. BB: Oh, of course not. Of course not. When he ran for alderman, he ran on the platform of the party initially. When he first ran, [00:48:00] you know, he had a lot of comrade brothers and sisters out there working the precincts for him. Then once he got elected, he kinda like turned his back and he made this statement that people who support him can take care of themselves, which was like, okay. We had talked to him about sponsoring legislation in the City Council that will call for decentralization of the police which was one of our points in the 10-point platform. “If you can’t do nothing else Bobby, you know, just putt it out there.” He was in the position to do it. Harold wouldn’t sign off on it, Harold Washington. [00:49:00] But Harold couldn’t introduce the legislation, only an alderman can do that. And that was his first to me... JJ: What about like after Fred was killed, there was a raid on his house too, wasn’t there? BB: Well, interesting thing about that. (pause) They said it was police who (inaudible) stand over there in the Hilliard Homes on State Street, but he didn’t actually [live there?]. The irony is that he showed up at Breadbasket that same mornin’ with 22 �body guards from the African American Patrolmen [00:50:00] Association, hanging with Jesse who if you remember, we didn’t even mess with Jesse, you know. So, that’s all I gotta say about that. He wasn’t with no Panthers that next day, he was with the police. JJ: Let’s leave it there, I don’t wanna (inaudible). BB: No, honestly, I mean, you know, I’m just answering your questions. JJ: (inaudible). BB: If you get a chance to interview him, ask him about that, go ahead. JJ: No, no, no. I mean, he said, it’s understood that there was division within the... BB: Not divisions. JJ: Not division, but (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). BB: Contradictions. JJ: Contradictions, contradictions. BB: You know, contradictions. JJ: But you don’t see him as an enemy, I mean, it was just a contradiction (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). BB: You know, [00:51:00] you got two words you’re playing with here. JJ: Okay, all right. BB: Okay, contradiction and contrary. JJ: Okay. BB: Okay? A lot of what he did was contrary to the principles of the Black Panter Party, okay? And he very well knew it. The contradiction part of it is that not being truthful, being a liar and just being [involved?] and not practicing what you 23 �should be doing, [00:52:00] so you contradict yourself with contrary behavior. Because if you apply to a marriage and me and you both know, I’ve been married four times, you know what I’m saying, because within that marriage there were contradictions, there was some contrary shit, so you could process it or not. (inaudible). JJ: Okay. I got you. (inaudible). So, tell me, before -- now this is at the end of -- not at the end, but it was a problematic situation within the party at that time. What I mean, Fred Hampton was murdered, killed, it affected the movement. At first the movement was strong [00:53:00], and then later on it did hurt. But before that, when Fred was alive, and the Panthers were -- can you kind of describe what was some of the work of the Panthers at that time? BB: Well, you know... JJ: (inaudible) work that took place. BB: From October... JJ: For people that don’t remember those times. BB: Well, from October to April, you know, our focus was on political education, organizing infrastructure. JJ: Were you public, I mean, were you having press conferences at that time, or no? BB: Of course. JJ: Did you have like an (inaudible) a period for training before you came out? BB: No, we just went right into it in October and started having political education classes, started organizing for our breakfast [00:54:00] program, we started selling our newspapers, we started soliciting people like Dr. [Cass?] and [Eric?] -- 24 �Quentin Young to be part of our medical center. We opened up our first breakfast program here in April of ’69. So, our whole time period from like October to April of ’69 was organizing, you know, selling newspapers, propagandizing. JJ: How did you get the cadre (inaudible)? BB: Well... JJ: It doesn’t happen like that overnight, I mean, you have to (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). BB: When I say October to April, that’s not overnight? JJ: Well, that is [00:55:00] overnight, but... BB: No, it’s not. No, it’s not. No, it’s not. No, it’s not. JJ: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). BB: Uh-uh, it’s not overnight. JJ: Well, no, it was a few months. BB: You know what I’m sayin’? I mean, you have to realize something man, Fred Hampton wasn’t even an outside the wall of Black Panther for a year. We started in October of ’68, he went to the penitentiary in April of ’69, he got out in August of ’69, he was assassinated in December of ’69. So, when I say organize, when I say educate, when I say propagandize, you know, we hit just about every college, university in Chicago, we hit all the high schools. [00:56:00] We traveled to Northern and Southern, we hit Champaign, recruiting, we recruited college students. That’s how we got Doc, Doc was at Circle Campus. Chuckles was at Circle Campus. So, the critical piece was political education, so the 25 �people would understand the ideology and the philosophy and be able to articulate what our programs were and at the same time be able to implement ’em, you know. So, from October to April, you know, we were able to establish our breakfast program, we were able to establish donations with Quaker Oats, Joe Louis Milk, Parker House Sausage. We didn’t have no money. [00:57:00] So, we were able to do that. Then we started focusing on a medical center, organizing that, getting nurses, getting doctors, getting the community support. We were in the street, you know what I’m sayin’, we were on these university campuses, we was on these college campuses, we were on these junior college campuses, not so much as churches. That’s what I remember. We first got tight in Lincoln Park if you remember. And that was like a big rally out [00:59:00] there. At that time, I was drinking Bali Hai, I had a Bali Hai, you know, and then we had... JJ: You’re talking about Lincoln Park when Bobby Seale was there or (overlapping dialogue; inaudible)? BB: No, no. When we got humbugging out there. JJ: In Lincoln Park. BB: Yeah. JJ: In the Lincoln Park neighborhood or the park itself? BB: Park. JJ: The park. Humbugging, I wasn’t there that day, I heard about it. BB: Yeah, but I’m just saying that’s when we really -- JJ: Humbugging meaning (overlapping dialogue; inaudible)? 26 �BB: Fight, fight, fight. JJ: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). BB: Chaka was speaking and at that time they had, I think they called them self [Cloverstone?]. JJ: (inaudible). BB: And they was disruptive and disrespectful and they didn’t like the concept of a coalition, of a[00:59:00] you know. And we grew from there. Ain’t no point in talking about our other escapades Cha-Cha, but, you know, you get the drift of what struggling is, what community organizing is and how we did what we did. There’s so much more than I can talk about. JJ: Okay, so the programs were a means of getting the community also involved, no, or what? They did the promotions for the party and the -- even for us it (inaudible) in terms of the Young Lords, in terms of getting people involved. BB: That’s how you do it. [01:00:00] JJ: But you’re saying that wasn’t a big thing, the... BB: That’s how we survived. JJ: Okay, (inaudible). BB: I mean, every time the police would attack our office, the community would come out, and, yeah. JJ: Did they ever come out because of the work of the programs that they were (overlapping dialogue; inaudible)? BB: Well, they knew we were providing them with a service that they otherwise would not have had. They did not like the idea that we were being harassed by police. 27 �We got in a lot of trouble in some ways because there were a lot of people wearing [01:01:00] berets, you know, field jackets who really weren’t party members and honestly did some shit that we got blamed for, but it is what it is, you know. We could not have survived after December the 4th without community support. After what they did to Fred man, even skeptical people, you know what I’m sayin’, even staunch Christians got mad because they knew that was wrong. You know what I’m sayin’, they knew that was wrong. They knew it was incorrect. And [01:02:00] I wouldn’t be here today if I had not gotten the support of people who believed in the work we did, trust me, and the work that we’re going to continue to do. And you know how difficult it is, you know what we went through, and you know we’re gonna continue to go through, it’s a protracted struggle. And one of the more difficult things I find is that -- I’ve got some comrades doing this Illinois history project on the Black Panther Party. When we initially started, I told them, I said, “How the fuck do write history when you’re fuckin’ making history?” You know what I’m sayin’? Because ain’t gonna be no conclusion, that shit’s [01:03:00] constantly, constantly changing unless you’re doing a documentary like what you’re doing, you know what I’m sayin’? And I understand why you’re doing it. But I do believe that, you know, I believe in you Cha-Cha, you know, we did seen some things together and we did did some things together and we’re gonna continue, even though I’m a better disc jockey than you are. JJ: (inaudible). (Laughter) BB: I can’t stand the smell of it. 28 �JJ: (inaudible). BB: Yeah. But this can be a beginning of something ’cause anything else salient in your mind, you wanna shoot at me? JJ: Did you see any [01:04:00] connections in terms of the Young Lords and the Panthers, what were some of the events that connect -- what were some of the things that we did together? BB: Well, you know, the thing about it was that... JJ: Then you remember the (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). BB: Oh man, yeah. I can’t talk about shit like that on here, I really will get into some trouble. But what I can say was that when you talk about coalition politics, you gotta have partners, you gotta have partners that you believe in, you gotta have people that you believe in, ’cause you’re talking about two different organizations, the Young Lords and the Black Panther Party. And you guys, particularly up under your leadership, and how you studied [01:05:00], you know, how we used to sit down and talk, how you used to collaborate with Fred, the times that he saved my ass, you know what I’m sayin’, other things that can’t be mentioned. But there would not have been a Rainbow Coalition as we know Rainbow Coalition to be in the State of Illinois without the Young Lords. Simply because you guys were organizers, you understood the street, and you looked at some of the things that we were doing and said, “That shit makes sense.” You know what I’m sayin’? And you put it into practice, you know what I’m sayin’? And I tell brothers this [01:06:00] today, calling themselves street tramps, I said, “As long as y’all out here doing this here, you’re not a threat, but the minute you start 29 �talking about organizing, the minute you start telling people they should vote, the minute you start telling young people to go to school, get a good education, that’s when you become a threat, and that’s when they’re gonna come at you.” You know what’s I’m sayin’? I would like to see another coalition come about of people working across communities like we used to do. We made a difference in Lincoln Park, you know, we made a difference over here in North Lawndale. We had our breakfast program here, we had our medical center a couple of blocks over and that was all based on the fact that we processed the needs of the people. [01:07:00] You know what I’m sayin’? We fed people initially and people started supporting us, we started testing people for sickle-cell anemia, you know, free. There were no free health clinics in Chicago at that time. You know what I’m sayin’? You guys emulated that because it works. And there are times when you ask me a question Cha-Cha that’s opened up all kind of different thought processes and I might not pinpoint an answer to you. But the Young Lords and the Black Panther Party here in the State of Illinois, [01:08:00] I can sum it up by saying this, we came together as brothers, and we trusted each other. That was in 1969, today is 2012 and we’re still doing it and we’re going to keep doing it. And it’s based on the ideology, it’s based on philosophical understanding, it's based on principles of struggle. Does that mean we don’t make mistakes? No. We’ve had our ups and downs personally, organizationally, but we done survive for some fuckin’ reason. I had no idea that me and you would ever [01:09:00] be sitting down, you know, “What’s that mother fuckin’ Cha-Cha interviewing me, who the fuck taught him how to use a god damn 30 �camera?” (laughs) You know, you’re [Howard Alton?] now, you’re [Mike Grayden?] now. You know what I’m sayin’? You’re documenting man, you know what I’m sayin’, and it’s phenomenal. And that in itself speaks more to who we were then and who we are now. Our struggle for human rights, our struggle for justice, it is just as intense now as it was 42, 43, 44 years ago, you know, we’re just on a different [01:10:00] stage of the game. I’m trying to accelerate what I’m doing. I’ll be 64 years old, I didn’t even think I’d see fuckin’ 30. Most of my life since 1971, ’72, I already had one daughter in the party in ’69, but my children became my focal point. Now my focal point are my grandchildren, giving them some insight, giving them some love, so that they will understand the type of things that they need to do not only to survive in America, but thrive [01:11:00] just in terms of making a difference. If I can’t do more than that, I’m good. JJ: Anything that you wanna add? That was what I wanted to add. What did you wanna add? BB: I’m good. JJ: You’re good, okay. END OF AUDIO FILE 31 � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/209cd4e0bb793ed039cf37970288221f.mp4 e2e825a461636b871fe30060e5ffcbf2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Young Lords in Lincoln Park Collection Subject The topic of the resource Young Lords (Organization) Puerto Ricans--United States Civil Rights--United States--History Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) Personal narratives Social justice Community activists--Illinois--Chicago Description An account of the resource Collection of oral history interviews and digitized materials documenting the history of the Young Lords Organization in Lincoln Park, Chicago. Interviews were conducted by Young Lords' founder, José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez, and documents were digitized from Mr. Jiménez' archives. The Young Lords in Lincoln Park collection grows out of the ongoing struggle for fair housing, self-determination, and human rights that was launched by Mr. José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez, founder of the Young Lords Movement. This project is dedicated to documenting the history of the displacement of Puerto Ricans, Mejicanos, other Latinos, and the poor from Lincoln Park, as well as the history of the Young Lords nationwide. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jiménez, José, 1948- Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/491">Young Lords in Lincoln Park collection (RHC-65)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-25 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng spa Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-65 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2012-2017 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Título Spanish language Title entry Billy “Che” Brooks vídeo entrevista y biografía Sujetos Spanish language Subject terms Young Lords (Organización) Puertorriqueños--Estados Unidos Derechos civiles--Estados Unidos--Historia Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) Afro-Americanos--Relatos personales Justicia social Activistas comunitarios--Illinois--Chicago Hampton, Fred, 1948-1969 Partido Pantera Negra. Illinois Capítulo Afro-Americanos--Relatos personales Juventud--Illinois--Chicago Relaciones raciales Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/491">Young Lords in Lincoln Park (RHC-65)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-65_Brooks_Billy Title A name given to the resource Billy “Che” Brooks video interview and transcript Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brooks, Billy Description An account of the resource Billy “Che” Brooks is Deputy Minister of Education of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPP) and Director of YouthLAB@1521 through the Better Boys Foundation. In 1969, Mr. Brooks was very close to Chairman Fred Hampton who was the main spokesman of the Black Panther Party in Illinois. As one of the primary leaders of the BPP, Mr. Brooks was under constant, daily harassment by the Chicago Red Squad and Gang Intelligence Unit. He also worked closely with the Young Lords through the Rainbow Coalition. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jiménez, José, 1948- Subject The topic of the resource Young Lords (Organization) Puerto Ricans--United States Civil Rights--United States--History Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) African Americans--Personal narratives Social justice Community activists--Illinois--Chicago Hampton, Fred, 1948-1969 Black Panther Party. Illinois Chapter African Americans--Personal narratives Youth--Illinois--Chicago Race relations Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-03-28 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/84d2c29b923fe35a0aeb1b2f6008161e.jpg 898aabcc528783d42d8dbed5ff6e66bd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_J189-0028 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-06-16 Title A name given to the resource Billy Graham, New York City Crusade Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a close-up view of American evangelist and civil rights activist, Billy Graham, during his ten-day "Billy Graham Crusade" event at Madison Square Garden in New York City. He returned to Madison Square Garden that year for his third Crusade and reported attendance was more than 240,000 people. In the photograph, Graham is standing at a podium with floral arrangements and ferns framing the view of his sermon. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Graham, Billy, 1918-2018 Billy Graham Evangelistic Association Madison Square Garden (New York, N.Y.) New York (N.Y.) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ebdbc00ffde3cf73fc786b5704ba1934.jpg f96a03fc6dc4ec755305116b3657a321 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_J192-0041 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-06-16 Title A name given to the resource Billy Graham, New York City Crusade Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of American evangelist and civil rights activist, Billy Graham, during his ten-day "Billy Graham Crusade" event at Madison Square Garden in New York City. He returned to Madison Square Garden that year for his third Crusade and reported attendance was more than 240,000 people. In the photograph, Graham is standing at a podium with floral arrangements and ferns framing the view of his sermon. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Graham, Billy, 1918-2018 Billy Graham Evangelistic Association Madison Square Garden (New York, N.Y.) New York (N.Y.) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4223b69f749a1a5f150f4fa52eb7e931.jpg ad960204b7dd155ef113d9068d5eb1a8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_NE_53_1917_004 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917 Title A name given to the resource Billy Kellogg Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a child, Billy Kellogg, standing in a hall. Subject The topic of the resource Children Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/aa37dd1a51956687017c4e7498ad0a54.mp4 cc540ff1dba92500cd66c5298a06a8bd https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/70148c7bde60817b17a403a975d1261a.pdf 22426a7e2e4fdaa16971491f33ba5379 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Iraqi War Jeremy Binder Length of Interview 1:55:38 0:00:11 Background • Born: October 30, 1978, in Benton Harbor, Michigan (0:00:15) • Moved to Bridgman, Michigan in 1989 (0:00:30) • Father worked at die cast shop, Mother worked as dental hygienist assistant (0:00:45) • Graduated high school with acting scholarship to local Community College (0:01:10) • Dropped out of college after first year to work (0:01:40) • Held various jobs before joining Marines (0:02:00) 0:07:20 Enlistment • Joined when he heard about young soldiers dying in Iraq (0:06:00) • Felt he could be a good leader to the young soldiers (0:06:31) • Enlisted June 17, 2003 at age 22 (0:07:04) • Went to Marine Corp Recruitment Center (MCRD) in San Diego, California (0:07:15) • Wanted to be demolition expert due to electrician background (0:08:30) • Put in infantry training Platoon 1006, Charlie Company (0:11.10) 0:13:00 Training • There for 13 weeks with 3 phases of basic training (0:13:45) • 1st phase tested mental toughness, taught discipline, got yelled at (0:14:25) • 2nd phase more physical workouts, hikes, night operations (0:18:20) • 3rd phase graduation, learned parade marches (0:18:50) • After basic training, shipped to Camp Pendleton, California (0:22:00) • Learned how to use more heavy weaponry (0:22:30) • Bit by a brown recluse spider and against doctor order completed 20 mile hike (0:23:27) • Assigned military enlisted job (MOS) to be demolition engineer (0:27:20) 0:30:00 Demolition Training • Assigned to 2nd Battalion 7th Marines, which was scheduled for deployment to Iraq (0:30:16) • Shipped to 29 Palms, California, for specialized training (0:31:06) • Desert environment prepared them for Iraq (0:31:20) • Most time was spent cleaning weapons (0:32:16) • Kept updated on events in Middle East (0:33:30) • One of original squads to protect battalion commander (0:35:56) • Weapons company used .50 caliber machine gun, grenades, and demolition equipment (0:36:20) • Feb 3, 2004 shipped to Iraq (0:39:00) �0:40:00 Active Duty • Took Delta jet to Prague, Prague to Kuwait, then to Iraq (0:39:15) • Drove to Al-Assad Air Force Base (0:43:32) • #1 concern is keeping Battalion commander alive (0:47:00) • Drove around a lot, change routine every time (0:45:44) • On the move all the time, hardly any downtime (0:46:30) • Enemy very clever, always new strategies (0:51:40) • Saw a lot of civilians, mostly stayed away from Americans (0:59:00) 0:48:00 Notable Events • Rear driver on convoy down Military Server Road(MSR) (0:48:07) • Night operation convoy on black out (no lights) (0:48:20) • Saw explosion in rear view mirror, pull over and ready for combat (0:48:37) • IED explosion that had missed mark due to blackout (0:50:14) • Enemy use firefight to keep you in position until RPGs and mortars come (1:09:39) • After a while firefights stopped and only IEDs were used (1:09:50) • Enemy was mostly farmers or locals who were blackmailed/bribed (1:10:24) 1:12:00 Injury • May 1, 2004 around 6am (1:12:25) • Local police colonel was informing insurgents of vehicle routes (1:12:40) • Mission to detain police colonel and appoint a new one (1:12:50) • Battalion commander and interpreter went inside to talk to colonel (1:13:30) • Incoming sniper fire caused unit to take cover (1:13:48) • About 30 min later explosion from behind (1:14:20) • Tried to raise weapons, but couldn’t move right arm (1:15:30) • Didn’t know he was wounded, comrade told him he was bleeding (1:16:07) • Hit by debris, Chunk of arm was missing, brachial artery was severed (1:18:50) • Felt dehydrated, arm felt on fire (1:20:00) • Comrade made tunicate out of sleeve, still wanted to fight (1:21:39) 1:22:00 Recovery • Sent to hospital at Al-Assad AFB (1:22:35) • Felt weak like he was ready to pass out (1:24:30) • Had to graft nerves and skin from leg to arm (1:25:50) • Sent to Baghdad hospital for 24 hours (1:26:50) • From Baghdad flown to hospital in Germany for 3 days (1:29:39) • While recovering in Germany met Arnold Schwarzenegger and Charlie Daniels (1:29:45) • Flew to California, wound was left open to heal itself (1:31:50) • Nerves never recovered fully, arm looks like turkey skin (1:32:00) • Lost 14cm of median nerve, 14.5 cm of ulnar nerve, 13.5cm of brachial artery (1:33:00) �1:36:00 Post service • Debilitating injury left him unfit to be a Marine (1:36:15) • Went back to school to earn college degree (1:41:25) • Marine Corps mentality stuck with him throughout life (1:41:47) • Associates degree in communication from Lake Michigan Community College (1:42:20) • Majored in Public Administration at Grand Valley State University (1:42:26) • Wanted to be a veterans service counselor, and now does this in Allegan County, Michigan (1:42:54) • Help veterans deal with demons and talk about their experiences (1:43:09) • Has the pair of boots he was wearing with blood stains on them(1:55:00) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BinderJ1384V Title A name given to the resource Binder, Jeremy (Interview outline and video), 2012 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Binder, Jeremy Description An account of the resource Jeremy Binder was born in Benton Harbon, Michigan in 1978, and grew up in the area. After high school, he tried college briefly and then held various jobs before enlisted in the Marine Corps in 2003. After training in San Diego and Camp Pendleton, California, he joined the 2nd Battalion, 7th Marines and took demolitions training with them at 29 Palms, California, while awaiting transfer to Iraq. They flew to Iraq in February, 2004, and he served as part of the squad that guarded the battalion commander. He was wounded in May, and was injured badly enough that he could not return to active duty. He now works as a counselor for veterans. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Byron Area Historic Museum (Byron Center, Mich.) BCTV Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings United States. Marine Corps Iraq War, 2003--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-05-22 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/796f222209a7be99a27383469ab3a18d.pdf 8899e02cce5a32861078212aae50fd99 PDF Text Text RD MCALLISTER RD ERDT RD OTTO RD Leel anau Trail REVOLD RD CENTER HWY CENTER OTTO RD SEND RD LEE POINT RD MURRAY CT WEST GRAND TRAVERSE BAY RD TE R VIE W LA K EL EE LA N AU DR OTTO RD MAPLE VALLEY RD MORIO RD PIN E RI CH KOHLER RD SUTTONS BAY TOWNSHIP / LA AY S H R W VIE KE CENTER HWY MELIS SA D HILL TOP RD SHADY LANE RD BIN GH A D MR RD LAKE LEELANAU DR RD SUNN YVIEW Bingham Township Zoning Map Last Amended May 2016 Prepared by Leelanau County Planning & Community Development Printed May 2016 ELMWOOD TOWNSHIP BIRCH POINT RD WES T-B ELM VALLEY RD DONNER RD LAKE LEELANAU DR LAKE LEELANAU O RE DR FORT RD Rural Residential Zoning District Agricultural Zoning District LAKEVIEW HILLS RD Commercial Zoning District Industrial Zoning District WALTERS DR Residential Zoning District 0 0.25 0.5 1 Miles Where the Township Zoning Map shows that the edge of a zoning district extends parallel to, and beyond, a private or public road right of way ("ROW"), the boundary of the zoning district, determined roughly perpendicular to the ROW, shall be construed as extending 450 feet beyond the center line of the ROW, unless the Zoning Map shows the zoning district boundary terminates at the rear parcel line of a parcel that adjoins the ROW. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bingham-Twp_Zoning-Map_2016 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Leelanau County Planning & Community Development, Leelanau County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-05 Title A name given to the resource Bingham Township Zoning Map Description An account of the resource The Bingham Township Zoning Map was prepared by Leelanau County Planning & Community Development in May 2016. Subject The topic of the resource Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Map Bingham Township (Mich.) Leelanau County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ae5368d3ae8c7dbfa6da84dab39e68cf.jpg 63d6feb4144a433832372e9630d19b1d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_M1398 Title A name given to the resource Biplane operated by the British Royal Navy Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Biplane Swordfish, operated by the Fleet Air Arm (FAA) branch of the British Royal Navy, May 27, 1943. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy Great Britain Military education World War, 1939-1945 Airplanes, Military--Recognition Slides Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943-05-27 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c11f1bc55f63df59123964cdb694b89b.jpg 533baffc95b042a91db2995bc2c7ad77 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BirchDavid Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Birch, David Description An account of the resource David Birch, MIT Economist and visitor Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a054c2d8f32aa7607707fab10d4300ed.jpg 6a9ae0542e781ebcb8113e2387665def Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BirdCarolyn Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Bird, Carolyn Description An account of the resource Carolyn Bird, Author and visitor Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/dbcc88a80c525881e48301f252987a94.jpg 5ca975d88c5c9cb8305d34da5d770189 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_G084-0012 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966-06 Title A name given to the resource Bird's-Eye View of a Village in Wales Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a bird's-eye view of a village nestled in the rolling mountain countryside of Wales. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Wales Villages--Wales Mountains--Wales Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2a878fec40fa8dbb207e4bf8ca4aff9a.jpg 4b4e39523de8db9452e2b0cc25971ea0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_B010-0003 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1961-02-01 Title A name given to the resource Bird's-Eye View of MSU Campus Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a a bird's-eye view of campus buildings at Michigan State University on February 1, 1961. Photograph by Douglas R. Gilbert. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan State University East Lansing (Mich.) Football--Michigan Football stadiums Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c38e1d2236fa042f9fcd50ee50718ac9.jpg 947630d25c1a58f1d75c17d203211d14 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_B079-0006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1961-12-28 Title A name given to the resource Bird's-eye view of Urbana Conference Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph featuring a bird's-eye view of the Urbana conference, a Christian student missions conference, which took place at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in Urbana, Illinois on December 28, 1961. In the photograph, a large crowd is seated and facing a gentleman standing on stage by a podium, with the conference theme "Commission—Conflict—Commitment" seen hanging in the background. Photograph by Douglas R. Gilbert. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Urbana (Ill.) University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign campus) College students in missionary work Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowship Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/47e2d113d2a26f355d865e9ea37f5004.jpg 91ed7785795cdc55d8e075312278334a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource D.J. Angus Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography—United States Mexico Engineering Indiana Michigan Description An account of the resource An extensive photographic record of Angus’ work and travels throughout the U.S. and Mexico. The images of manmade and natural phenomenon often reflect his interest in engineering projects that include dams, bridges, mines, power plants, cliff dwellings, and quarries. Indiana resident and entrepreneur, D. J. Angus produced an extensive photographic record of his work and travels throughout the U.S. and Mexico, during the late 1920s -1940s. The images of manmade and natural phenomenon often reflect his interest in engineering projects that include dams, bridges, mines, power plants, cliff dwellings, and quarries. Over 10,000 still images from 1903-1966 document Angus’ family, friends, business, and travels. Over 12,000 ft. of 16mm movie film complete this collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D.J.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus Photographs (RHC-04)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-04 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1900-1960 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-21 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/437">D.J. Angus photographs and films, RHC-04</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-04-A2-287B Title A name given to the resource Birds-eye view of Monticello, Wisconsin Description An account of the resource Birds-eye view of Monticello, Wisconsin looking north, 1907. Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography Wisconsin Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angus, Donald James (D. J.) Frautschy, E. D. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1907 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/46bd2f4efdc57a35244c0aea21707d27.mp4 852923b0ba5baf813abe281a7840fded https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/20a086e3e3e611c0e04b24e68d42e7ef.pdf 0efabf29f31f00085207c316eb4a0fcf PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Nelson Birman (43:53) Background Information (00:30)            Born June 19th, 1936 in Battle Creek, Michigan. (00:39) Served in the U.S. Marine Corps, 1954-1957. (00:50) He joined the Marine Corps a few weeks after he graduated from high school. (2:19) His father worked as a tool and die maker. (3:25) He attended school in Battle Creek and went to high school at Hickory Creek High School. (3:35) He graduated from Hastings High School in 1954. He transferred there after he moved. (3:45) He has 3 brothers. (3:56) His younger brother committed suicide in 1951. (4:14) When he was young, Nelson wanted to become a pilot. (5:00) Nelson volunteered with 2 of his friends in 1954. (5:33) Nelson joined the Marine Corps due to its reputation and his interest in growing up and becoming independent. (8:00) Basic Training (8:22)      Basic training lasted 12 weeks. (8:25) He recalls how unpredictable and strict his drill sergeant was. He prepared the men to be ready at every moment to take an order. (8:35) Because Nelson did not make his bed tight enough one day, his rack was torn apart by his drill instructor. (9:29) Nelson was made an instructor later in his service. Because of this he became close friends with many of his fellow service men. (10:05) After basic training he Nelson was sent to Treasure Island in San Francisco Bay for electronics and radio training school from the Navy. (10:34) Service at Camp Pendleton (10:39)         After graduating radio school Nelson was sent to Camp Pendleton, California where he was given a jeep and made a radio operator. (10:40) 25-31 was his MOS. (11:00) He was at times asked to be a bodyguard for the commandant and a guide for celebrities that came to entertain the soldiers. (11:18) He served as an instructor at Camp Pendleton. He trained on rifles and hand grenades. (12:12) He served on a Marine Corps shooting team. (13:40) He was never based overseas. He did practice landings on beaches. (14:29) While crawling under barbed wire and live ammunition, Nelson was struck by a ricochet shot in the left hip. (15:23) Nelson was on a strike force, if the order came he could be overseas in less than 24 hours. (16:39) �     He was assigned to the 1st Marine Division, 1st Service Regiment. (17:20) Nelson was rapidly promoted to Sergeant while in the service. (17:55) The men Nelson trained on hand grenade would often panic when realizing the power of the weapon in their hand. There were some close calls with weaker men while in training. (19:10) Nelson also trained men on the flamethrower.(20:05) He was awarded the National Defense Service Ribbon and Medal, the Good Conduct Medal, and a High Expert for Shooting Medal. (20:56) Life in the Service (21:54)        Camp Pendleton had a rodeo. The stars of the television series Gunsmoke were brought in to appear at the rodeo. (22:00) On one occasion Camp Pendleton was surrounded on three sides by a fire. All Marines not on special duty were assigned to fight the fire. (24:00) Nelson was very impressed with the officers and instructors he had. (25:01) There were many Marines Nelson encountered that had half hearted outlooks on their military service. (25:25) He was somewhat disappointed that he was never served overseas. (25:50) Nelson married Ruth with one year left of his active service. (26:34) After he was married Nelson lived in Oceanside. (27:24) Life after Service (27:55)          He was discharged before his time was complete in 1957. (28:00) After being discharged from the Marine Corps. Nelson attended Western Michigan University under the G.I. bill and studied electronics and automation. He graduated with an associate’s degree in 1960. (28:20) Nelson and his wife lived in Battle Creek. (28:40) After college Nelson had several part time jobs. He then was employed by the postal service and retired after 40 years of service there. (30:03) He retired in 2004. (31:00) He was also on the Bedford Michigan Rescue Squad. (31:38) Nelson was a very skilled archery man and a member of the Michigan Bow Hunters. (32:35) Nelson was remarried in 1995. (33:25) His second wife died in 2010. (33:49) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BirmanN1346V Title A name given to the resource Birman, Nelson (Interview outline and video), 2012 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Birman, Nelson Description An account of the resource Nelson Birman, born June 19th 1936 in Battle Creek Michigan, served in the U.S. Marines Corps. from 1954-1957. Nelson spent his military career as an instructor, instructing soldiers on rifles, hand grenades, flamethrowers, and bayonets. He also was a gifted rifleman who served on a Marine Corps. shooting team. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Erichsen, Wallace (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings United States. Marine Corps Other veterans & civilians--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-01-25 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/583c848951739fd51f878926f9e91234.pdf b5d31bd63eb6670b3923bc06bf0deade PDF Text Text ��� https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/55ac1cc9624e4f268d0e746a15368d16.pdf b9747b79f298dc3f3538f9f96bc44f89 PDF Text Text [RHC-93_Agnes_1944-10-24] [Page 1] [Card front] SHHH! Our new Baby’s Asleep! [Page 2] Sometimes we’ll tip-toe ‘round the house Just as quiet as a mouse But then we start to feel so proud We can’t help bragging long and LOUD Because it’s a Boy name Paul Delano who arrived Oct. 20th weighing 9 lbs 4 ½ oz. Mr and Mrs B. Van Der Weide [Envelope front] 1913 Berkley Ave. S.W. Grand Rapids 9, Mich. {Postmark} GRAND RAPIDS OCT 24 12 PM 1944 MICH. S/Sgt. Joseph P. Olexa (12016893) Co. “L,” 26th Infantry A.P.O. - 1 c/o Postmaster New York, N. Y. Both Gen. Hosp. APO#652 12-3-44 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Joe Olexa letters Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Olexa, Joseph P. Van Der Weide, Agnes Description An account of the resource Collection of letters between Joseph Olexa and Agnes Van Der Weide, dating from 1941 to 1946. Olexa fought in the U.S. Army 26th Infantry Division, Company "L", and eventually attained the rank of Staff Sergeant. Over the course of World War II, Olexa was engaged in North Africa, Sicily, France, Belgium, and Germany. He fought in the Invasion of Normandy, the liberation of Belgium, the Battle of Hürtgen Forest, and the Battle of the Bulge. While deployed abroad, Olexa maintained regular correspondence with Agnes Van Der Weide, a young woman he met through mutual friends. Agnes was the daughter of Benjamin and Minnie (Ter Meer) Van Der Weide. The Van Der Weide family lived in Jamestown, Michigan and Ashburnham, Massachusetts until moving to Grand Rapids, Michigan in 1943. While the letters do not contain details relating to Olexa's military activities, due to heavy censorship of soldiers' correspondence by the U.S. Army, the letters do depict the daily activities of an infantry soldier and illustrate the blossoming romance between the two. Joseph and Agnes were married July 23, 1945, and lived in West Michigan until Agnes's death in 1993. Joseph Olexa died December 3, 2000. They were survived by their son, Karl Olexa. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1941/1946 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/543">Joseph P. Olexa WWII memoir and correspondence (RHC-93)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource United States. Army. Infantry Division, 26th World War, 1939-1945 Soldiers -- Michigan Correspondence Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-93 Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-93_Agnes_1944-10-24 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Van Der Weide, Agnes Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944-10-24 Title A name given to the resource Birth announcement from Agnes Van Der Weide to Joe Olexa, October 24, 1944 Description An account of the resource Birth announcement and envelope with transcript by Agnes Van Der Weide to Joe Olexa, dated October 24, 1944. The envelope is sent from 1913 Berkley Ave. S.W., Grand Rapids, Michigan, dated October 24, 1944. In the card, Agnes announces the birth of her baby brother named Paul who arrived on October 20th, 1944. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Army. Infantry Division, 26th World War, 1939-1945 Soldiers -- Michigan Correspondence Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href=" https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/543">Joseph P. Olexa WWII memoir and correspondence, (RHC-93)</a> Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href=" http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6e2aa27b24a1ef817780e939b66931bf.mp3 868bb7680c5780610b6b44945417d1f5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Event Epiphany IV Series Look Again, Epiphany Series Scripture Text Ezekiel 37:14, John 3:7 Location The location of the interview Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01_RA-0-19960128 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1996-01-28 Title A name given to the resource Birth Pains Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Sermons Relation A related resource Richard A. Rhem - An Archive of Sermons, Prayers, Talks and Stories: http://richardrhem.org/ Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Description An account of the resource A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on January 28, 1996 entitled "Birth Pains", as part of the series "Look Again, Epiphany Series", on the occasion of Epiphany IV, at Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI. Scripture references: Ezekiel 37:14, John 3:7. https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/fc7aab70eab7737a64cb1ff24e2b0143.pdf 9f13becf1aa9ced24403c50169eaef2c PDF Text Text Birth: The Way Home From the Advent series: Home Text: John 1:12-13; John 3:3 Richard A. Rhem Christ Community Church Spring Lake, Michigan Christmas Day, December 25, 1994 Transcription of the spoken sermon In his poem, “For The Time Being,” W. H. Auden writes, “Nothing can save us that is possible. We who must die demand a miracle,” and so we do. The Advent theme of “Home” culminates today as we note that birth is the way home. And birth is a miracle. Birth is not a human possibility; it is the gift of God. Not this morning that we celebrate the literal birth of the Christ Child, but the birth that the Christ Child pointed to and made available to us: that birth from above, or being born again as it is popularly referred to. It is that birth and only that birth which is the way home. We’ve noted the yearning for home in the human heart. Last week we established the impossibility of home, the impossibility as a human possibility. But let me celebrate with you this morning the reality of spiritual birth—that new birth which is the gift of God. It is that miracle that we who must die demand, for nothing humanly possible can save us. New birth – that’s the way that John describes it in the Christmas story that he tells, which is not with all the familiar accouterments of stars and angels and bright shining song, but rather in a cosmic eternal drama. In the prologue to his story of Jesus, he begins in the beginning, in fact before the beginning. He says, “In the beginning was the Word and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.” Then he tells how that Word was in human history, in the history of that special people that God had called. But that Word, coming to his own, was not received. “He came to his own, but they received him not.” But there were a few, John tells us. Some received him and some believed, and to them he gave power to become the children of God. John is very clear that that is not a human possibility, for he stresses that those who believed in his name were born not of the blood or of the flesh, or of human will, but of God. For birth, the way home, is not a human possibility. It is God’s gift and it is all of grace. In order to explicate the themes of his prologue, John tells us in the third chapter the story of Nicodemus. Nicodemus was a respected leader in Israel, a rabbi, a great teacher. Nicodemus was curious about this one Jesus who had caused such a stir and to whom the common people listened gladly. He came to him by night to learn the secret of that spiritual reality, that world that seemed so foreign to © Grand Valley State University   �Birth: The Way Home Richard A. Rhem Page 2   Nicodemus. Jesus said to him, “You must be born from above.” And Nicodemus, as the foil for this mysterious teaching, says “How can one enter a second time into his mother’s womb?” Jesus replies, “I’m not talking about literal physical birth. I am talking about that miracle that happens to one. That miracle that no one can manipulate and no one can force that is not at our disposal. I’m talking about that birth from above, where the breath or the wind of the Spirit of God blows where it wills. You see the effects of it, but you don’t know whence it comes of whither it goes; the mystery of the movement of God who has invaded our space and our time in the miracle of the Word become flesh, whose Spirit continues to riffle our hearts and create newness within us.” Nicodemus probably stands for the classical, institutional religion, that institutional religion which is so very valuable because it keeps the story alive and it continues in a community like this where the story is cared for and nurtured, and where the rituals are enacted, and where we baptize children, and take bread and cup. The institutional religion is so very important because the Spirit always needs form. But Jesus in his conversation with Nicodemus made it very clear that institutional religion and ritual and form such as we are all participating in is not an end in itself, but only a means to an end. And, the end in itself is new birth. It is a spiritual life. It is newness that is created that comes upon us silently, mysteriously; that new spiritual reality that opens up whole new worlds before us and brings us home wherever we are in whatever circumstance. When one has been born from above, one is birthed into a whole new reality and that is the end of Christmas. That is the end of incarnation. And that is the glad Good News that has come to the world in the birth of one who said, “You must be born again.” To be born again. That phrase has entered into popular terminology in our day, hasn’t it? Wasn’t it Jimmy Carter who in his presidential campaign brought the term to common usage? I think perhaps it was, and since that time don’t I remember a cover on Time Magazine some years ago that talked about the “Born Again” phenomena. Since it has become so popular, everybody gets ‘born’d again’ now and again—athletes, celebrities; any kind of a peak experience is now referred to in common parlance as being ‘born again.’ Of course, when that happens it tends to drain such an ideal, or such a reality, of its deep spiritual meaning. Yet, maybe the very usage of the term is the way people at large get the idea that it dawns upon them that there is something more than just getting up in the morning and going to work and coming home and going to bed to get up in the morning . . . and all of the routine of our ordinary days where we can live such one-dimensional lives, unaware of rumors of angels and intimations of transcendence. Maybe the fact that being ‘born again’ has entered into common parlance is a sign that people are becoming aware, that there is another whole world and the possibility of newness into which one might be created. Nicodemus, thank God, I think had the experience because if you read further on in John’s Gospel (after the crucifixion as a matter of fact), you’ll find that it was Nicodemus, along with Joseph of Arimathea, that took down the body of Jesus © Grand Valley State University �Birth: The Way Home Richard A. Rhem Page 3   and embalmed it an put spices upon it and laid Jesus to rest—at some great risk, of course. We are told also by John that there were many of the leaders who believed in Jesus but secretly, daring not to say anything because they loved the honor of men rather than the glory of God. I think Nicodemus had the experience, and it wasn’t something that was contrary to the ways of a great religious teacher in Israel, a great rabbi, but it was something more . . . more than just the institutional forms, more than just the thing in itself and the practice of religion. I think Nicodemus as an old man experienced new birth, and that’s the wonderful possibility, and it’s the promise of Christmas. And it’s the promise for all of us as well in our day. We live in a most exciting time. We live in an age of transition. When did it begin? I don’t know exactly. When will something jell? I am not at all sure, but we’re living in a hinge period. We are living in a fascinating time, and for some a very anxious time, because some of the old forms and structures have been shaken a bit. Some of the foundations are crumbling a bit. You see, a culture goes along on its way rather thoughtlessly and almost automatically for a long time, maybe centuries. Then the myths and the ideas and the common assumptions that are held by everyone lose their grip on the human imagination. People begin to think that perhaps there’s something other, and perhaps it is that there are angels that hover about and send messages, perhaps in the intuition and the depths of the human being. Then old ways are questioned and institutions begin to falter, and the guardians of the law, and the guardians of the old tradition hang on with desperate clutching fear, trying to buoy up structures that no longer will carry the freight. We live in such a time as that. There are a lot of people that are afraid and are anxious. You always at times like that hear the cry that we ought to go back to a former day. Nostalgia fills the air as though there really were “good old days.” If we really describe the “good old days” we would find that we’ve moved a long way beyond those “good old days,” those common assumptions that everyone took for granted. We live in a day when there are many people and whole nations, and whole groups of people that are coming to consciousness and to self-awareness and are saying, “We too are human. Look at us. Give us our day, our ‘place in the sun.’ ” We live in a day that is full of the rising of expectation and of dreams and desires. We live in a time when the old ways simply won’t do it any more. It’s a time of transition. It’s a fascinating time. The cover story in Newsweek Magazine, November 28, 1994,“The Search For The Sacred,” gives accounts of all kinds of people who are searching for something that, perhaps without their knowing it, has been born from above. A spirit has taken hold of them and they are simply not satisfied any more to live in that old way, some of them very successful in the old way of the world, the commonly accepted way. Some of them are getting ‘off the trolley’ as it were and simply saying, “There must be more.” They must have had a sense of angels and intimations of eternity coming to birth in their heart. Some of them are seeking © Grand Valley State University �Birth: The Way Home Richard A. Rhem Page 4   that spiritual reality in the most bizarre fashion. But we live in a day in which there is a widespread and general spiritual awakening. I want to say that very clearly because we hear so much of the opposite. We hear so much that denigrates our present day, that there is so much wrong with our world, and that society is so filled with ills and all of that negative talk. God knows there are enough problems to deal with in the social structure of our society and our world, but I believe that Christ has come and light has come, and the yeast of the Spirit is continuing to permeate the history of humankind. And I believe that we live in one of the most fascinating times that it has ever been possible for anyone to live. We live in a time where spiritual openness and curiosity and sensitivity have emerged, such as have never been known before. I do believe that. When you have a news magazine covering this spiritual quest of a multitude of people in great diversity, then you know that there is something afoot in the world. There is so much in the dreams of humankind spoken by the poets in great beauty with all kinds of images that the world has never yet realized. Will we always simply live with dreams and never come to reality? Or will those dreams, will the poets finally get through to the marrow of our bones? Will this world be transformed one day? Oh, not in a superficial optimism, but look about you. Recognize that you have brothers and sisters around this world who are not satisfied any longer to live in a closed world, one story with no angels, no transcendence, no love at the core of things, no beating of the heart to the needs of the other, those who would simply dominate rather than build community. We live in a fascinating day. There are great possibilities in our day as we stand at the edge of the future, the third millennium, a time that seems to bring out the fear and anxiety of people, but rather ought to be for us an invitation to invite the newness that is created by the eternal Spirit of God. Home is through birth. It is not a human possibility. But, by God, it happens here and there, and it is happening, and I believe it will happen in widespread fashion as the millennium comes around. It’s a wonderful time in which to be alive. For example, I think there are people all over in different religious traditions who are beginning to wake up to one another. We live in a decade that is on the edge of the third millennium. I do believe that the next millennium will be not a millennium of religious absolutism, but of a pluralism that is open to the other, where we share the spiritual riches and the endowments that we have all received, where together we grow into a greater understanding of the reality of life and the depths of love. This is a world in which a statesman such as Vaclav Havel of Czechoslovakia calls on world leaders to wake up to the spiritual reality and to build a global world community, which is obviously necessary. This is a day in which to come alive to the riches of our own tradition, to be ready to share them, and to be ready as well to receive the riches of others – rather than closing ourselves off, opening ourselves up to the reality of spirituality that is being © Grand Valley State University �Birth: The Way Home Richard A. Rhem Page 5   created by the one true God who has come to us, sharp focused in the face of Jesus Christ. Or, if you want to go into another area, the area of the sciences. If you would trace as you’ve heard me say many times, the history of the science of physics, you would find that, in the wake of new physical theory, there has always been a breakthrough in theological understanding. It was in the rise of the Age of Reason, the Modern Age, the Enlightenment, with Newtonian physics that we’ve got this closed cause and effect universe. And rationalism dominated the scene. The human mind was the measure of truth and reality. Then along comes an Einstein with his Theory of Relativity that I don’t understand, but which I know really threw a wrench into the Newtonian machine that had so neatly described reality. Then, of course, building on Einstein was Niels Bohr, the Scandinavian, the Danish physicist, who comes up with Quantum Theory. He and Einstein were friends but toward the end of their life they couldn’t communicate any more because Einstein couldn’t quite go along with the indeterminacy, the unpredictability, the randomness, the mystery of this physical universe. Einstein said of God, “The Old Man doesn’t play dice.” Bohr said, “Oh yes, the Old Man does. This world is filled with more potential, more infinite possibility than any predictability on the part of anyone who has yet thought about these things.” Then if you read the implications of Quantum physics you know about the possibility of parallel universes. We hear of black holes and no one knows what black holes are, but what if you could go through a black hole and find yourself in another whole universe through a time warp, in another whole age, in another whole reality? You think that’s poppy cock? It’s the stuff of science fiction and the stuff of science fiction usually is the prelude to what everybody knows in another century or two. There will be a day when our enlightenment thought, our heavy rationalism, our bowing down to the God of human reason will look so shoddy and so shabby, we’ll laugh at our silly smallness in the light of the infinity of the universe that has been created by the Eternal God who can never be defined and will never be brought into a corner. This God who creates and continues to create in an expanding universe whose deepest minds, probing it, stand in wonder of it all. There is more wonder and awe in the natural sciences today than in those of us who are people of the Book, who know it all, have it all wrapped, all sealed up, and have the definitions down pat. No, home is a way of birth. Home comes by opening oneself up to a miracle. It comes silently. It comes unpredictably. It comes without being able to demand it. It comes . . . and when it comes . . . and when it has happened . . . one says, “Oh, my God! I never would have thought . . .” and then all of our hopes and dreams and all of our creeds and scientific propositions are like child’s play in the face of the reality that breaks through and comes within our grasp. Ah! It’s a fascinating time in which to be the people of God. It’s a fascinating time to acknowledge the © Grand Valley State University �Birth: The Way Home Richard A. Rhem Page 6   possibility of new birth, of being born from beyond ourselves, of being born into newness such as we’ve never yet dreamed of. I want to interrupt this sermon with a commercial. I want to tell you that you have a Team whose quartet of voices are ready to lead you into the newness and the excitement that lies beyond the horizon. You have in Colette one whose faith formation will tell the children the “Old, Old Stories” with question and wonder and awe, so that the children we baptize will know the stories that have shaped us. Then you have, in our young friend Bob, one who will care for you and also challenge you and lead you into social engagement in order that the world of which the prophets dreamed where lion and lamb will lie down together, where they would beat swords into plow shares and spears into pruning hooks, where they would learn war no more, where they would not hurt nor destroy in all God’s holy mountain not because of an enforced Roman peace, but because of justice and equity and compassion and community – you have in young Bob Kleinheksel one who will lead you to the edge and push you over. And if you are hungry, if you are looking for something more, if you would see a rift in the heavens, if you would be born again, come to Peter who will lead you with prayer and meditation, and a cultivation of a spirituality which is the wave of the future where we are all going. And I . . . I hope, simply, to skid into the next millennium on their coattails. This is a wonderful day in which to be alive. Nothing can save us that is possible. We who must die demand a miracle. And the miracle has happened. It happens and one breathes deeply and everything so familiar and known and ordinary is transformed with a radiance that shines out of the depths of eternity. The light has come for those who have eyes to see it. The Word has been enfleshed in those who would touch it . . . for just a moment. For just a moment let’s have the lights dimmed. The evangelical church has missed the point so often because it has said that if you would believe, or if you would assent to this, or if you would have faith you would be born again. It’s backwards. Being born again is not a human possibility. It is not the end of some human effort. It is not the will of the flesh or human will. It is of God. But in just a moment or two, be open to the miracle. Just breathe deeply, for who knows, there could be in this moment the intersection of eternity with time, and the likes of us might be born from above. © Grand Valley State University � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5602ab8006105ca2be395c30f23cc4f1.mp3 e5d450ab7aafd6dbe73cd9732743cd25 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Event Christmas Day Scripture Text John 1:12-13, John 3:3 Location The location of the interview Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01_RA-0-19941225 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1994-12-25 Title A name given to the resource Birth the Way Home Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Sermons Relation A related resource Richard A. Rhem - An Archive of Sermons, Prayers, Talks and Stories: http://richardrhem.org/ Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 application/pdf Description An account of the resource A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on December 25, 1994 entitled "Birth the Way Home", on the occasion of Christmas Day, at Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI. Scripture references: John 1:12-13, John 3:3. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives Christmas Incarnation Mystery Spiritual Quest Transforming Grace https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2c5a6e64fa50b6c1026e5268630de0e2.jpg a4c64c73a789afc4c328789626a7828c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BirtwistleMichael_Photo01 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Birtwistle, Michael Description An account of the resource Michael Birtwistle, Performing Arts Center Director Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College administrators Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. 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Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. 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Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BirtwistleMichael_Photo05 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Birtwistle, Michael Description An account of the resource Michael Birtwistle, Performing Arts Center Director Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College administrators Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. 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