81 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b62a3b4d5a40f237792aab545d36f78b.jpg bc50a6976807a39fe063223ad699ab25 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-VanOss_Pavilion-Burning Title A name given to the resource Big Pavilion Fire Description An account of the resource A black and white picture of the Big Pavilion burning down. The fire has consumed the entire building, and thick plumes of smoke are in the air. There is a spray of water being used to fight the fire in the bottom right. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich.) Dance pavilions Fires Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file collected by the Kutsche Office of History as part of the Stories of Summer Project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/099d0fda6a6fa16aa1b538091f368a50.jpg 97fe47691a31127e260bc47bc77673c6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-VanOss_Inside-of-Pavilion Title A name given to the resource Big Pavilion Interior Description An account of the resource A black and white image of the interior of the Big Pavilion. A band is set up on the stage, and one man stands on the dance floor. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich.) Dance pavilions Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file collected by the Kutsche Office of History as part of the Stories of Summer Project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b1650a40ea19c8054c7470c15e6ac87d.jpg c387b504ae14e49d3b22468202831815 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-VanOss_Largest-Dance-Pavilion Title A name given to the resource Big Pavilion Postcard Description An account of the resource A print of the Saugatuck Dancing Pavilion. Text reads "Largest Dance Pavilion in Michigan" in the top right corner. Along the bottom, text reads "12,000 Square Feet Floor Space Exclusive of Movie Theater which Seats 750." Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich.) Dance pavilions Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file collected by the Kutsche Office of History as part of the Stories of Summer Project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2e95a15f371cec1f65ec259fe7f133ed.jpg a2c488c458f10116c1396b913ffd0e51 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-Walter-PG_0029 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Walter, P. G. Title A name given to the resource Big Pavillion Ballroom Description An account of the resource Photograph of the interior of Big Pavilion, advertised as the largest dance floor East of the Mississippi River. In the photograph there are two men in a dome like room. A orchestra is in the distance. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich.) Ballrooms Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by D. Brigham as part of the Stories of Summer project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6b49e4bb7dbedc55fd10a2b147a8f9eb.pdf 4d36d48e2a44948f4f23c7034eae78df PDF Text Text WELCOME BACK COMMUNITY: Eric Lacerna studies in the LGBT Resource Center Sept. 29, 2015 . The center starts each semester off with a series of lunches to make students feel comfortable at GVSU. GVL I SARA CARTE 'Big Queer Lunch' offers community to students connecting people with the munity too, and make it clear LGBT Resource Center:' that they . are a safe space, The lunches not only .in- which is really important:' Wick also said includAs students move back to troduce students to the onGrand Valley State Univer- campus LGBT community, ing allies can allow students sity, the campus is abuzz but c1lso allow students to to feel more comfortable in with excitement. Whether learn about the different pro- their own identities. "While many of the LGBT a student is a freshman or grams the LGBT Center ofa well-versed senior, every fers at GVSU. Ezra Smith, a Resource Center's services Laker wants to build a sense student worker at the LGBT and resources are aimed at Resource Center, said attend- supporting GVSU's LGBT of community on campus. To aid in this and start the ing the event opens students students, faculty and staff, we new school year, the Milton to organizations and pro- recognize that allies are an E. Ford LGBT Resource Cen- grams they might not · have important part of the campus community;' Wick said. "We ter facilitated the "Big Queer known about otherwise. "For allies, if they don't believe that bringing people Welcome Back Lunch'' as a series of free lunches held dur- know that the ally training together helps to create a programs happen, they can welcoming and inclusive ening the first week of classes. Marla. Wick, assistant di- find out at these lunches;' vironment where everyone rector of the LGBT Resource he said. "If you have first- can be their whole selves:' The Big Queer Welcome Center, is involved in planning · year queer students come and executing the lunches. in, they might not know Back .Lunches are held anWick, along with her col- about First Year Queer Al- nually during the first week of the semester. In order to leagues, works to ·organize and liance, and so on:' Although the center's Big accommodate people of all promote the lunches as well as set a friendly and supportive Queer Lunches are aimed to- diets, the .lunches served difcampus atmosphere, which ward students who identify as ferent food choices each day. 'We try to mix it up apd she said is an important factor part of the LGBT community, allies and students who do not have food that a variety of peoin why the event is held "We hope these lunches identify with the LGBT com- ple can enjoy, and we always are .a way ·of boosting the munity are welcome to attend. have vegan option:' Wick sald. LGBT Resource Center's Smith said allies introduced "I'm vegan myself, so this- is visibility and of reminding to the LGBT community and something I'm very aware ot'' More information about people, both new and return- center could find themselves the LGBT Resource Center ing, that we are here to sup- exposed to new theories. "Exposure is always an can be found at www.gvsu. port them:' she said. "The . Big Queer Lunches are a fun, important thing, . as far. as edu/lgbtrc or by visiting tpe casual way of welcoming stu- opening your mind and .be- center in .the Kirkhof Center, dents · back· to campus and ing .an ally:' Smith said. 'i\.1- · Which is open from 8 a.m. t~ 5 lies can come and make com- p.m. Monday through Friday. BY TY KONELL TKONELL@LANTHORN.COM ·- - - - - -- -- - - - - ~ - -- _:-•~· .... � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Sexuality and Gender Flyers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center Women and Gender Studies Department Women's Commission Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity Description An account of the resource Digitized posters, flyers, event notices, and other materials relating to gender expression and sexuality at Grand Valley State University, with materials spanning from 1974 to 2019. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974/2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized from collections at the Rainbow Resource Center (formerly the Milton E. Ford LGBT Resource Center), Women and Gender Studies Department, Women's Commission, and Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Gender identity Gender expression Sexual orientation Women's studies Queer theory Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09_SGF_LGBTQ_2016-08-31_Lanthorn_Queer-Lunch_Newspaper.pdf Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-08-31 Title A name given to the resource Big Queer Lunch' offers community to students Description An account of the resource Newspaper article describing the Big Queer Lunch event to welcome LGBT students back on campus. Subject The topic of the resource Community centers Sexual minorities Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Rainbow Resource Center Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e7a117f12cff4e283579a8f6cadfeb2c.jpg 196067b06544e22aa0bd3bdf8c21f075 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BijkerkRoelof_Photo01 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Bijkerk, Roelof Description An account of the resource Roelof Bijkerk, Psychology Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a9d15b67944f7d52bf16e6504f0666a7.jpg a25af9b2d3b57ae30fc85f0708f4a206 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BijkerkRoelof_Photo02 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Bijkerk, Roelof Description An account of the resource Roelof Bijkerk, Psychology Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f864f023ca8710b0efb04141368b8cf5.jpg 705bdedd47ee382ae565b5c940ea9ea8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BijkerkRoelof_Photo03 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Bijkerk, Roelof Description An account of the resource Roelof Bijkerk, Psychology Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/42689365394868de0ee97890121c5d77.jpg 20bddaf3b7d2a41c9afe0656af75660a https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/bb6d6994864dc521627a6f3046776dfb.jpg ee52d9bb33f2548da61f3d2cbd4b6fb6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Insel-Bücherei Series Description An account of the resource The German publishing company Insel Verlag was founded in 1899 by Anton Kippenberg in Leipzig. In its early years the firm only printed expensive, beautifully-produced volumes, until demand led to the publication of the more modest Insel-Bücherei series in 1912. Relatively inexpensive but with the same careful sense of design and typography, these smaller-format books reprinted shorter works from a variety of German, European, and world authors. The series numbers considerably more than a thousand titles and is still being issued. The Digital Collection contains the scanned covers of 140 titles held by Grand Valley State University Libraries. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1904-1987 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-05 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource ger Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-29 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-05_IB0025 Title A name given to the resource Bilderpossen Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</A> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1934 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-29 Description An account of the resource Cover of Bilderpossen, by Wilhelm Busch, published by Insel-Verlag, 1934. Insel-Bücherei Nr. 25 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books. Insel-Bücherei. Z315.I5 B83 no.25 Language A language of the resource de Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/42991a5312e79aa2b5f7703fb45f0710.jpg 5acf3a90ece485ed270aa81331a07d77 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2eeb67c2fb10349d3167ea0e5b2f54a7.jpg fa34b2a6415f6b403212023b8d24c82e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Insel-Bücherei Series Description An account of the resource The German publishing company Insel Verlag was founded in 1899 by Anton Kippenberg in Leipzig. In its early years the firm only printed expensive, beautifully-produced volumes, until demand led to the publication of the more modest Insel-Bücherei series in 1912. Relatively inexpensive but with the same careful sense of design and typography, these smaller-format books reprinted shorter works from a variety of German, European, and world authors. The series numbers considerably more than a thousand titles and is still being issued. The Digital Collection contains the scanned covers of 140 titles held by Grand Valley State University Libraries. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1904-1987 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-05 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource ger Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-29 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. 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Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/530d79aa08dcd3257578e0c19c97f132.pdf f29def97a74abffa08c92759bd41dbb5 PDF Text Text Young Lords In Lincoln Park Interviewee: Bill Hampton Interviewers: José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez Location: Grand Valley State University Special Collections Date: 2/9/2012 Biography and Description English Bill Hampton is a former Chicago public school teacher and the brother of Fred Hampton, Deputy Chairman of the Illinois Chapter of the Black Panther Party who was murdered by a special police squad in an early morning raid on December 4, 1969. Bill Hampton grew up in Maywood, Illinois, where he organizes an annual commemoration event for his brother, usually attended by civic leaders and the community at large. Mr. Hampton has served as director of the Midwest Voter Alliance, as a field organizer for then-presidential candidate Barak Obama, and he also runs a traffic safety program in Maywood. Spanish Bill Hampton era un maestro en las escuelas de Chicago y también el hermano de Fred Hampton, quien fue el vicepresidente de la sección del Black Panther Party en Illinois. Fred Hampton fue asesinado en la mañana del 4 de Diciembre 1969 por un equipo especial de policía. Bill Hampton creció en Maywood, Illinois, donde organizo un a conmemoración anual en recuerdo de su hermano que fue atendido por líderes del cívico y la comunidad. En Maywood, Señor Hampton corre un programa de seguridad en el �tráfico y como director de Midwest Voter Aliance, organizo y coordino para Barak Obama durante su primera ves corriendo por presidente. �Transcript BILL HAMPTON: Glad to be here. (inaudible) JOSE JIMENEZ: Tell me about your family a little bit and your (inaudible) growin’ up. BH: My family migrated to Chicago from Louisiana and we were born here at Cook County Hospital. It’s me, Fred, my sister Delores, and we lived in Argo, Illinois for a while. We moved to Blue Island, Illinois. Stayed there about 7 years. Attended Bremen School, then we come to Maywood in ’58. JJ: What school was that? BH: Bremen? JJ: Bremen Elementary in Maywood -- in Blue Island. I don’t think it’s there anymore. And we come to Maywood in ’58 and attended Irving School. Then we left [out there?] and went to Proviso East. We liked sports. We always had a vacation every year. Family kept us close knit. We visited our relatives in the city and the South. JJ: Were you on the same team as Fred or...? BH: Well, we played Little League Baseball. We both liked baseball. JJ: And what school was this? BH: Little League [00:01:00] was in a community. We was on different teams, yeah. JJ: So what teams were you playin’ on? BH: Baseball teams. We played, both, baseball. He played first base and third base. I played first base, outfield, pitched. And then we got into high school, we played things like football and all that. Football and basketball. And we liked a lot of 1 �music concerts. In fact, Fred played saxophone. JJ: Oh, Fred played the saxophone? BH: And then I played trombone a little bit. And, you know, we kind of, like, my parents tried to keep us well rounded. My father was a painter and my mother and father both were in the union where they worked. CPC, both work in the union. So they always stressed education with us. And we would go to Louisiana. We would talk to our grandparents on both sides and they would tell us about how things were in the South, things that they had to go through here. [00:02:00] They didn’t want us to go through here. JJ: What kind of things? BH: Well, you know, segregation and racism and all that stuff. And so -- JJ: What were their names, your grandparents? BH: My grandparents on my mother’s side was [Eli?], that was her father Eli [Hugh?], and [Lizzy?] was her mother. My father’s dad was [Empsy?]. His mother was [Emma?]. They were both, you know, from Louisiana. JJ: So what was Eli’s [life?]? BH: He was a sharecropper raised on the 106-acre farm that his daddy, first generation out of slave, [Edmund?]. JJ: First generation out of slave? BH: No, he wasn’t, but his daddy was, Edmund. JJ: I mean, his daddy was a slave? BH: Yeah, Eli -- my mother’s granddaddy was first generation not a slave. Wasn’t a slave, he was first generation from slavery. But his daddy, which would have 2 �been my mother’s great grandfather, was a slave and his name was [Moses White?]. [00:03:00] And my father’s grandfather, you know, great grandfather, he was a slave. [Anderson?], out of Louisiana. JJ: So did Fred (inaudible) BH: (shakes head) JJ: No. (inaudible) So did Fred know this too? (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) BH: Oh yeah, no we all knew the parents were slaves like most Black people did. You know, yeah, we knew that, yeah. ’cause quite naturally they brought it up. JJ: So how did this affect you? I mean, did you...? BH: Yeah, you know, we wondered about it. We wondered about it. We just glad it wasn’t in our generation, you know. When you talk to people it’s closer than you think, you know. You hear about it, you read about it. Again, you talk to your grandparents tell you different things didn’t used -- you know, take an effect on you. So I guess that’s why things happened in the ’60s like they did. People felt that somethin’ shoulda been did about it. And, you know, [00:04:00] we’d hear about things, read about things, and see different things. In Louisiana we saw different things. Segregation and places where things happened at. You know, so it put a little psychological thing on you. And then things you face here, you know. JJ: Okay. When you say segregation, because I mean, I think people divided in neighborhoods. BH: Well yeah, when we’d go South you see colored signs and Black signs, you know, colored and white. You couldn’t use the washrooms or you couldn’t go to 3 �certain restaurants or somethin’. So we would see that. And after a period of time, when the movement got strong, we went back down there and one gas station we used to go to, we saw the sign was down. So me and my brother said, “Look, see it’s down. It’s not there no more.” So we’d go down there and sometimes we’d accidentally go in the wrong, and the guy said, “No, yours is over here.” You know? So it’s kind of like, [00:05:00] you go in that territory and it freak you out. You see those signs, would freak us out. JJ: So when -- BH: (inaudible) freak us out. JJ: So when you were growing up, you were just studying politics or you were just seeing things? BH: Well we were seeing things before we got started because of, you know, Fred’s ambition was to be a lawyer, and he was deep into that real heavy. And he got involved in things at the high school, Proviso, which was a mixed integrated school. So by him being good with students, it made him the head of the Interracial Cross-Section Committee. And he took the job. He took it and did it and did it well. As he did that, he got out of high school and went into college. And he, you know, started demonstration for open housing. He got elected to the Youth NACP [sic] and started doing things, demonstration for jobs, open housing, [00:06:00] recreation facilities, which was approved. And I guess he got into it deeper than he expected. And if he had gotten in so deep, he wasn’t the type to just get out of it. He just went all the way through it. As bad as he wanted to be a lawyer, he just kind of pushed that aside and decided, “Okay, I’m going to 4 �Youth NACP. Then he go from that to the Panthers.” Just felt he had a job to do. And he just made that commitment and he wanted people to be around him and be dedicated too because he didn’t want to feel like he was wasting his time. ’Cause he always said, “I could go back to being a lawyer. I don’t want to be with a bunch of people who’s wastin’ my time.” So this is what he got off into. And he just had that commitment that other people he grew up with had just as much charisma as he did. But they weren’t dedicated to struggle. Many people grew up with him had just as much ability but were opposite. Some of them were negative ways. But he was able to, through his upbringing, keep things [00:07:00] on the right path. JJ: So you’re saying negative ways? These were his friends? BH: Some of them. JJ: Or [worked?] with? BH: Some of ’em. Well, not his friends, some of ’em were people he grew up with. JJ: He grew up with? BH: Yeah. They had charisma -- JJ: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) BH: -- and they had good things. JJ: So what did they do when you say negative things? BH: Well, some of them’d be doin’ drugs and different things like that. You know, negative ways. JJ: Okay, so that was a problem here too? Inside Chicago? BH: Oh, yeah. The drug thing hit the Black community even in rural areas. Right, so 5 �it wasn’t just -- quite naturally, when it was in bigger cities it got more attention. But I think drugs affected Black people all over, just like racism affected Black people all over. Even in the suburbs, even though they would move out of the city to the suburbs to do better, but it still was there. See, Fred realized that he was trying to show people that even though a lot of them moved to Maywood from neighborhoods in the city, that they still wasn’t living equal to the whites of [every night?]. That they were better off than they were, but [00:08:00] they still had problems. They didn’t even have a swimming pool in their neighborhood. They had to go other places to do it. That’s what he was trying to show people, that they still weren’t free and they still had problems to deal with. JJ: So he got into the NAACP after the swimming pool? BH: Before. Before. JJ: So that’s how he got into the NAACP? BH: Right. He was pushing the swimming pool, open housing, and all. JJ: (Spanish) [00:08:29] (break in audio) JJ: So we’re getting to the -- BH: Youth NAA-- JJ: The pools, the swimming -- BH: The Youth NACP, they would fight for open housing, jobs, and, you know, different discrimination in the area. And then one of their main objects was the swimming pool, were just cryin’ for years about the swimming pool in the area. You know demonstrations was led about that and all of that. And, you know, 6 �[00:09:00] Fred went to jail a couple times. But -JJ: He went to jail for the demon-- BH: Demonstration for the pool. JJ: Here in Maywood? BH: Uh-huh. JJ: For the pool. BH: So -- JJ: Okay. So he went to jail for the pool. BH: Uh- huh. So they were demonstrating for a while, that. And after he was in the youth in the NACP doing things for the youth in the NACP, he met people with SNCC like, you know, Stokely Carmichael. And he brought Stokely to Maywood to speak once. And then he got offered to go in the Panthers, and he didn’t make that decision right away. He didn’t want to do it right away. Then he finally, you know, got with them -- JJ: Did he talk to you about that or...? BH: Well, he talked to all the family about it and said that was a decision he wanted to make. JJ: Oh, he talked to the whole family? What did he -- BH: Different friends. JJ: What did he tell the family? BH: Well, he just said that was a decision he had made. You know, at first, he didn’t wanna really do it. But that was a decision he had made because he felt that they -- I guess he was gettin’ a little impatient, you know. That was the right track 7 �to make the movement go fast. He seen, like, they was movin’ faster [00:10:00] for freedom toward Blacks. That was one of the statements he made. And then he kind of liked it that they were really tellin’ the whole story about puttin’ all people together. Lettin’ people know that it was a little deeper than racism. It was really a class struggle. It was that these big forces were pitting the little people against each other. Well, I mean the poor people. That’s why he always said this is a Rainbow Coalition. He was talkin’ about Hispanics, Blacks, Native Americans, Asians, and poor whites. He was putting all that together. So I think that that inspired him to the party. And they weren’t just out there doing a cultural nationalist thing, just talking. They were feeding people, openin’ up health facilities, clothing programs, free bussing programs, and educatin’ people. ’Cause he used to always say, “If people are not educated, they don’t know why they doin’ what they doin’.” And they need to be educated, that they would send people to political orientation classes to let people know what’s happening. Because he said, “Some people may have an emotional [00:11:00] problem ’cause they poor. And once they get something they may exploit too.” And he used to always say, “Well we hate oppressors. Whether they -- who they may be, Black or white. We don’t want to be oppressed by nobody.” He used to always mention that. But I think growing up he always had a sensitivity for people. He was always sensitive. He was easy to get along with. He didn’t like to see nobody disrespected. He didn’t like to see nobody disrespected. He always demanded respect and tried to get other people to demand respect for each other. And he, at a very young age, he caught what was happening. He 8 �was taken by the Emmett Till thing you know. About Emett Till, ’cause Emmett Till was from Chicago. JJ: Okay, and the Emmett Till-- BH: We didn’t know Emmett Till. JJ: What was Emmet Till -- BH: My mother knew Emmett Till. JJ: Oh, she knew him personally? BH: Well, she grew up when he was growing up. But-- JJ: Okay. And what was the whole Emmett Till? BH: Well, Emmett Till, you know, he’s from Chicago. He -- JJ: Okay, but what happened there? [00:12:00] BH: Well he got killed with that -- [for?] whistlin’ at a white lady in Mississippi. He was down there on summer vacation, and some of his relatives still live in the area. One of them lives in countryside that wrote a book, and one of them’s (inaudible) out in Argo, Illinois, who was a part. So a lot of his relatives, you know, Emmett Till was older than either one of us, but he was always kind of a brave-like kid, you know, background. So that, since it was kind of close to home, that put a little, you know, Fred’s thing, you know. And so what we’ve tried to do through the years, we’ve, not only so much since we were a close-knit family, after Fred died, Reverend Ralph Abernathy of SCLC, as you know, and Jesse Jackson formed a Fred Hampton scholarship fund because Fred wanted to be a lawyer to give out scholarships. So the good thing about that is, me and my whole family and a lot of other friends got together on that, and every year we’ve had a 9 �[00:13:00] memorial for Fred along with giving out scholarships. And that started in ’71, we put that together. And this is now 2012. We’ve given out 125 scholarships. So we don’t just have the memorials and the scholarships. We also do things like registerin’ voters and try to put a conscious of people. Not just moralize it, but make people conscious of that there’s a struggle. You know? And keep Fred’s memory alive, because when we give the scholarships to people, we try to get people that’s going into it to bring it back to the community, and not just get into it for the fiscal part. But Fred would always say, “Bring your talent, what you know, back to the community.” And that’s what we’ve tried to do. And I’ve tried to do that. I’ve taught in the Chicago public system for a number of years. And after I did that, as a matter of fact, I’m workin’ on a program now, Real Men Read, to get more Black and Hispanic men to read more. And I’ve always done a lot of reading. I was readin’ [00:14:00] real heavy when I was six years old. My mother said I used to read to Sun-Times. And I’ve always been an avid reader, and my whole family has been a reader, you know, mother and father. And we were raised up that way. And they would always make us watch the news and give us a vacation every year. I didn’t have a lot, you know. But I guess they would consider my people, by Black standards, middle class. You know, because my father was a painter. And my parents worked for it. JJ: You said painter, regular house painter or...? BH: Yes p-- No well, he did some of that too, at the job. He did a lot of painting. He was a professional painter. He used to sometimes take me and my brother with 10 �him, you know. But me and my brother -JJ: You talkin’ about drawing artwork? BH: No, no. Just regular painting. JJ: Regular painting. Okay. BH: Yeah, he used to always tease me and my brother ’cause we weren’t mechanically inclined. We more or less was academic. He used to always tease us. Mm-hmm. He used always tease us. But you know, we’ve tried to keep that going, and we will. And [00:15:00] it hasn’t been easy, but we’re still trying to keep people goin’. Trying to, as much as we can, let the young people know what things are happenin’. And a young 13-year-old kid heard about Freddie, and we knew some of his relatives. So he interviewed us. And this is one of his things he put together. (points to tri-fold presentation board) By a 13-year-old kid, [Ryan Scott?]. And so we’ve had a lot of people come toward our -- me and Jeff went to a lot of book signins, and some of them we do separate, of people wantin’ to know. They like that book, Assassination of Fred Hampton. They like it. As a matter fact, I’ve got to order some more because we havin’ a big Black history symposium, February 24th. And this is Black history, when I just left school that, you know, one knows things about Fred and that information. So the book is even doing real well, that has helped the thing. And things like, you’re doing with the play. Hopefully that will bring out lotta things. And you know, you’ve been around, and [00:16:00] even Harold Washington admitted that Fred’s death helped him become the mayor. And wow, through those, don’t look like it, 40-some years, I think we did a pretty good job, all of us. Not just myself, 11 �but you and other people. I think we brought a lot of things out. You know, we probably still got a long ways to go, but I think you’ve brought a lot of things out there and keepin’ it going. And you’ve got this play comin’ up, so we need things like that. Yeah. JJ: Now, you were teaching, you said, for some time. BH: Yeah, right. In the Chicago public school system. JJ: And you were reading. Okay, so what were you teaching? I mean, what kind of- BH: Oh, reading special education. JJ: Reading special education. Okay. BH: Right. JJ: Okay, now you went to the same schools that Fred was? BH: Yeah, we all went to the same school, yeah. (laughs) JJ: Okay, and you’re not that far different in age, are you? BH: No, just a couple years. JJ: Okay, so -- BH: You know, we all went to the same grade school and high school. JJ: So what do you remember of you guys growing up? I mean, [00:17:00] any problems in school or anything like that or...? BH: No, the only problem we had in school was, you know, back in them days you had some racist teachers, you know. So you’d have little problems. And -- JJ: What do you mean? What did they do? BH: Well, a lot of things they would say then that people wouldn’t pay as much 12 �attention to. They would have, you know, you went to a mixed school. You had little race riots. You had teachers say little smart things and, you know, different things like that. And those silly things, you know, you weren’t, you know, just racism things. JJ: So it was mainly the teachers? You guys never got into any fights or anything like that? BH: Well, yeah, there were some fights. There were, you know, racist attitudes and we got in fights. Yes, we did. We not gonna lie about that. So that was just the sign of the times. You know, you had guys say things, so you’d get in fights with ’em, some of ’em. [00:18:00] JJ: But so there weren’t a lot of African Americans in your school? BH: No, we had a -- JJ: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) BH: Well, when I went to Proviso, it was about 3,000 students. (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) JJ: You had (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) Puerto Ricans, right? You didn’t... BH: No, the Puerto-- JJ: (laughs) BH: Well, we had Hispanics there, but we didn’t really -- there wasn’t really no fight with them. Every now and then there might have been. But it was mostly fights with the -- it’s kind of strange. It was fightin’ with the whites and the Italians. Even though Italians had similar lifestyles of Black, they were caught up in a lot of races because whites would kind of play us against them, you know, they 13 �would kind of play us against them, and Fred had taken to that. So we had those kind of little scrimmages, you know. And, you know, when I grew up, Italians had attitudes like a lot of Black. They were the toughest things around, so we’d test each other. You know, we both thought we were bad, kinda. You know, even if you were [00:19:00] an easygoing Black, that was our syndrome, sports, and you weren’t really, as Michelle Obama used to say, “I was smart, when it wasn’t popular to be smart.” See, in sports, people were our biggest heroes, you know, ’cause we didn’t have a whole lot of people in commerce back then, so sports heroes was our biggest heroes. So we were, you know, [onto?] Jimmy Browns and Wilt Chamberlains and Floyd Patterson’s, and all that kind of stuff, you know. JJ: Okay, like the boxers. BH: Yeah, they were our heroes, you know. Blacks grew up talkin’ about Joe Louis and... And it’s just like how we use this term. We went from the heavyweight champion to the president of the United States. So those were our heroes and we were locked out of all other things. So it was lotta [00:20:00] people coming from the neighborhoods, they didn’t even know each other. We’d play football with the whites and basketball and talk at school, every now and then. But after school, we’d go our separate ways. See, we’d go our separate ways. Every now and then, you know, you might have a few that we get deeper into, you know, knowing you a little better. But overall, there was a lot of hidden racism and certain things would bring it out. JJ: So, you remember some of Fred’s friends, and when he was younger? What were some of their names? 14 �BH: There were a lotta friends we had, they’d all come here. but we had a lot of ’em, you know, guys, [Mickey Lacey?] and [Goose?], a lot of different people, you know. They’d all come around. JJ: Goose [Tereno?] (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) BH: Yeah, he grew up with us, yeah. JJ: Oh, he grew up with you? Okay. BH: Mm-hmm. Yeah. JJ: ‘Cause he became a Panther later. BH: Yeah, well he -- somethin’ like that, [00:21:00] yeah. Mm-hmm. JJ: It was somethin’ like that. BH: You know, I knew [Nathaniel O’Neil?], but they were living in another town but I knew them. [Robert Bruce?]. Remember him? JJ: Yeah. JJ: They would come around. He went to school with me and Fred. As a matter of fact, he was a basketball player, he was in my typing class. (laughter) Yeah. Teacher used to tell us our hands was too big to type. So, those kinds of racist things, you know. Making it look like African Americans are somethin’ different. Little silly things like that. Yeah. JJ: So those sort of things kept building up inside you, right? BH: Yeah, we would hear all those things. Me and Fred would come home, we’d talk about different things they would say because you didn’t have that many Black teachers up there then. So they, you know, boy there was a lot of challenges. JJ: So when did you become more political? 15 �BH: Well -- JJ: ‘Bout how old were you then? [00:22:00] BH: My mind was always into it, I guess I got -- I didn’t join the Panthers, but I got political, mainly, when I was in college because I was in college durin’ the time of the Black movement, and I got, you know, political then. I saw a lot of things. My thing then, when I grew up, was just like any other teenager. If you call somethin’, fight ’em back and all that. It wasn’t, you know, thinkin’ about running for anything then. It was just keep ’em off your back. You know, keep the white folks off your back and all of that. If they want to be your friend, good. If they go too far, kick the you-know-what. But as I got in college, my, like, maybe junior year things began to turn for college life for Black students, and people got more political and that. And we got more political. And a lot of guys that I knew, even though they weren’t Panthers, they were still close to the Panthers. JJ: Like, and would -- BH: They were close to ’em. [00:23:00] JJ: Well did the studies department help them at all or...? BH: Well no, we had Black student unions and they would invite a lot of -- who would invite the Panthers and different things up. And so I think that movement of ’60 got a lot of people involved in some way, and I think that’s why I hate -- I really believe the drug thing came to kind of wipe it out because you had a lot of people who were getting political in some kind of way, older people. And it was really a good movement. Probably was some mistakes made. JJ: But then the drug thing came? 16 �BH: Yeah, I think so. I think that came like [off-loop?] thing. JJ: What do you mean? How can the drug -- what do you mean? BH: Well, you had a lot of people say that. I think drugs was put into the Black community to slow the movement down. And I really believe that, and they had it on the movie Panther. They kind of was indicatin’ that. So I really think that. I think that the movement was going real strong. JJ: You saw that here? BH: Yeah, I was seeing drugs [00:24:00] being [distribudated?] and people getting into it. You know, people who -- students, not just people on the streets, just professional people, getting high and smokin’ a little somethin’. JJ: So it wasn’t just that 60’s revolution, or...? So you think it was somethin’ that was done intentional? BH: I think it was done intentionally, in some cases. JJ: What’s your basis -- BH: I think it was a case of both. JJ: What’s your basis for that? That sayin’ that it was done intentionally? You said it was a basis for both? BH: Yeah, because I think that it was done, more or less, to keep the Black sleep. To keep them sleep because you know you go way back to the reservations, they would get the Indians drunk and stuff. And so when you really think about it, alcohol and all of that stuff is really somethin’ used to, even though you got -- well we all know we got white people drink too. But in a lot of ways that stuff has been thrown in the Black community in a lot of negative ways. You know, you 17 �got [00:25:00] different things that are thrown as people go forward, you got things that are thrown, that way to off track things. And I think that even though you had a drug revolution, you had different entertainers using it, different people. Also, I really think that it was done in the Black community to off throw things, I really do. (pause) Because if you notice during the middle of the ’70s a lot of movement waves were dyin’ off. You know, it was like dyin’ off and people were more anxious over getting high than they were doing something. And, you know, Fred’s thing was, even though he had friends got high, that was never his thing. You know, that was never his thing. I mean, you had a lot of good people that had good ways to do things, but yet they were getting’ -- I seen people like that, that -- you’d know some of them, they had good qualities, could have been good, as you might want to say, revolutionaries or good [00:26:00] soldiers, and they couldn’t really do what they wanted to do. They was too busy getting’ high. You know? JJ: Yeah, yeah. BH: And Fred was trying to keep these people off it. He was tryin’ to keep people, that, you know, these people, that go, to say “Hey you got brains to go the right way.” Some of these guys couldn’t stay away from that weed. You know, they couldn’t stay away from that weed. So you can’t -- it’s kind of hard to have -- put militancy and drugs didn’t mix. Lotta people tried it, but it didn’t mix. JJ: So Fred and yourself, you didn’t any weed or anything like that? BH: No, abso -- JJ: Not a lot-- 18 �BH: Smoked a little just to check it out. JJ: Not a lot. Just to check it out. BH: But not to really use it, no. Because I didn’t see anything -- I said, “What is this doing?” You know what I mean? Didn’t -- it wasn’t, you know, because I said, “Why do I need that to make a speech? Why I need that to pep me up?” And the guys that end up did it, ended up getting hooked, not doing nothing. Everything went apart, they didn’t do nothing [00:27:00] with it. So it had to be something that stopped things. I really believe that. JJ: Which wasn’t with us. (laughs) We did have problems with that. (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) BH: Well yeah, that’s just, you know -- JJ: But he understood that. He was able to understand and try to work with us. BH: Mm-hmm. Oh yeah, he knew that. Yeah, right. JJ: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) BH: What Fred was trying to do, he was takin’ people that he knew had ability to use your abilities to get our freedom, get out here and fight for our freedom. He was saying all the time, “You can go overseas and fight for people you don’t know, why not get on the battlefield for your own people here?” And that same thing he was doing with people that were gangbangers, drug dealers. To say, “Hey, there’s a better way that you can...” Course he couldn’t convince all of them, but, “There’s a better way that you can serve, you know, and serve your community.” [00:28:00] JJ: After Fred’s death, you said a lot of the things kind of dwindled, died out. 19 �BH: Yeah. JJ: One of the problems was the drug problem. BH: That was one. JJ: But the other problem was just the leadership, the vacuum. BH: Yeah I think people -- JJ: What do you think -- BH: I think people hadn’t gotten used to -- certainly I think the Black movement itself had a lot of charismatic leaders that were taken out. And I think a lot of African Americans and maybe other people too got attached to that, and they weren’t able to build from that. ’Cause that’s why Fred used to have different people speaking and lettin’ people know that, what did they say, that there’s other revolutionaries out there. They didn’t really get that. They got so hung up on one person that they didn’t, you know, Black people are kinda sensitive people so it’d take ’em a while to overcome things. [00:29:00] Whereas white America, even though Kennedy was charismatic, they were able to put our country in Johnson’s hands and keep it moving. So I think a lot of people became stagnant with the Panther Party, even on Martin Luther King’s side. Malcolm X’s movement became kind of stagnant in some ways, and it took a little while to kinda get things moving. Right? JJ: ‘Cause that was in 1969, but then there was a killing also of Reverend Bruce Johnson at the Young Lords church. Were you aware of that at all? BH: Yeah, Bruce Johnson. Yeah, I heard of that. Sure. JJ: Did you know that that happened three weeks before Fred Hampton? 20 �BH: Think around the same time, that and the Soto brothers. JJ: The Soto brothers. BH: There was another one, well, wasn’t long before Jake Winters -- JJ: Jake Winters. BH: -- was killed too. JJ: So was there a connection with that? BH: Oh, yeah. JJ: Did you see a connection or...? BH: I saw a big connection. I saw a big connection with that. Looked like the [00:30:00] police just said, “Hey, we gonna get you back for that, Fred.” I think there was a lot of retaliation by the Chicago police. I’m not saying all of ’em, but a great number. Big retaliation. I really believe that, always will believe that. JJ: Now, you had that trial that lasted for several years. Was it established at that time that this was an action by the police at the trial or was that never established? BH: Well, I think it was. I think our lawyers did that, but I think that we had a judge that wouldn’t allow it to be -- He didn’t want -- (break in audio) BH: I think that was known and I think we got it out enough to the public to make a lot of people who didn’t know, know it. Because this is why Hanrahan was defeated. The first time the Black community ever really rosed up and defeated him. See, they realized that when they left that apartment, hopin’ that people see for themselves. [00:31:00] That was a big mistake they made. But I think during 21 �that trial, all those long months we was in trial, they were able to put out a lot of things, you know. And we just had the judge, Judge Perry, that did not accept it. And I think that a lot of things were bein’ -- tryin’ to block up. That’s the reason they gave the lawyers so much problems in court. But I think that a lot of things come out. Hey, you know, people are still talking about Fred. They got a book out. They’re talking about movies. They got plays. The name hasn’t gone, or well, the name’s still out there. Every time you look up, something’s coming up about Fred and the Panthers. So I think that they failed in a lot of ways, even though it’s been kind of rough for us to keep things going, I think that in a lot of ways we won. Sure, I’m not saying this to flatter nobody, but I really do because it’s still out there. It’s still out there. All these memorials and the way the book [00:32:00] is just selling, just different things. And people proved that when they went to the polls against Henry. So I don’t think that things that the Panthers did and Fred’s death is in vain. Even though we see a lot of negative stuff out here, but I think overall it’s not in vain. JJ: There was a Rainbow Coalition that you mentioned. BH: Mm-hmm. JJ: First original one was the Young Lords, the Black Panthers -- BH: Young Patriots, AIM, I guess was one of them. JJ: The first one were the Young Lords, the Black Panthers, and the Patriots. BH: Brown Beret? Wasn’t the group called the Brown -- JJ: They came later. BH: Oh, okay. Okay. 22 �JJ: But did he talk to you at all about that and his reasoning for that or...? BH: Yeah, because he just felt that they were being pitted against each other, and they took ’em all to come together to wipe out this oppression. And he believed that even though he was a proud Black man, he just felt that [00:33:00] all these people that’s been oppressed, like we were, Native Americans, Hispanics, must come together and not be pitted against each other, but must come together and wipe them out. That was really his name. He’d talk to me about that. We would talk about that. JJ: So he was proud to be a Black man. BH: Yeah. But at the same time, he knew that Hispanic people, poor white people, Asian people, and Native Americans, what have you, all were being oppressed and used against each other. He was able to see that whole thing, that whole thing, synopsis. And then he just tried to put it all together. And I think that’s why that they came so strong on him because he was waking people up, different, you know, different races up. That would have been a powerful thing, you know. JJ: Why [00:34:00] didn’t you ever join the Panthers then? Did you have a problem with some of their philosophy...? BH: No, somethin’ I just didn’t ever do. I just never joined them. I thought about it when I was workin’ so closely. I just didn’t really get into it. That’s a good question. I never even -- I probably don’t even know that myself. I thought about it, but I just never, you know, never got into it. I felt like I was ’cause I’d be at some of they programs and different things, you know. Yeah. JJ: Were you active at that time or...? 23 �BH: Yeah, I was real active at the Black Student Union, and I was doing a lot of programs with the party. Like, folks would come around. It’s how I met you. (inaudible) was joining it and all that. Nothing against it. I just, you know, not really, no. I had chances to. I thought about it, but I just... I don’t know. And he never pushed me to join. His attitude was always, [00:35:00] he had a lot of friends was what he was just saying. Everybody didn’t probably wanna be in it. He was a kinda funny person. He never did push people to really join it. His main thing was keeping people active because he was always -- he had a lot of friends who -- he was really trying to set up somethin’. He had a lot of people who weren’t Panthers that had watchin’ his back, doin’ different things. You know, Fred had so many things going on. He had people who weren’t in the party doing things for him, you know, ’cause had that type of personality that he’d go to schools and speak when he wanted to and all that. Course, when he got killed, you had a lot of Black students, kids from colleges, comin’ to his aid. JJ: So where was he goin’ to school? BH: Yeah, didn’t he have a good rapport with a lot ministers and stuff? Well, he started off at Triton College. Then he went to Wright, for a little while. Then he went to Malcolm X. He went to about four and [00:36:00] then U of I, he’d went to Illinois. JJ: Did he go to Roosevelt when you were younger? BH: No, he’d be up there a lot speaking. JJ: Speaking. BH: To Roosevelt. 24 �JJ: But his last school was where? BH: I’m trying to think. Was it Malcolm X or U of I? That’s a good question, because he was at Malcolm X. It was Crane when they changed the name. He was instrumental in that, when they changed the name from Crane Junior College to Malcolm X. I’m tryin’ to think. Was he at Malcolm X or U of I? It was around the same time. Maybe Malcolm X could have been later, maybe U of I was before. But he was at the University of Illinois at some point. And he was also close with a lot of labor people, because he worked at Harvester. So he was active with a lot of union people. JJ: He worked at Harvester? What did he do there? [00:37:00] BH: It was just regular labor. He was just workin’ his way through school workin’ there. And me and him used to work at Corn Products, where my parents worked because they got both jobs. We were both working our way through college. JJ: What was Corn Products like? Any -- BH: Was a lotta people worked there. It was interesting. A lot of young people working there for the summer like we was. You know, we’d talk, meet a lotta people. JJ: It was kind of fun going to college because we was at different colleges. We would be changing clothes, you know. We would wear some one place and he would wear some other places. It was kind of strange, you know. Kind of strange. But we were at Corn Products, yeah we was workin’ our way through school there. 25 �JJ: Did you guys ever fight or anything like that, physical or...? BH: No, we wrestled a lot together. JJ: Wrestling? BH: Yeah, we wrestled a lot. Tusslin’. My father would find out we were tusslin’, say he didn’t want no more tusslin’. If he ever caught us, it’d [be too bad], better do it outside. Because we would -- you know parents, we didn’t have a carpet on the floor. We had it like this. We just took these out where the carpet. [00:38:00] We were growin’ up, we’d be tusslin’. And friends come over and me and him’d be tusslin’. He’d say, “Well, no. I better not catch you wrestlin’ over here.” Well he was the type of guy what he said, he meant. (laughs) JJ: So you guys never really got into (inaudible) argument or anything? BH: (inaudible) Not a whole lot. No, not a whole lot really. JJ: Your mother said he demanded, kind of, respect from different people or...? BH: Yeah. JJ: And he looked out for the -- JJ: He wasn’t the type of guy to pick the fight or nothin’. He didn’t pick any fights. He was the type of guy that had attitude, we didn’t talk. And if he didn’t wanna talk, we could go another way. That was the type of attitude he had. ’Cause he didn’t get really popular maybe till his last years in school ’cause he was just an ordinary little guy. Then he just jumped up. JJ: What do you mean, ordinary little guy? BH: Well, he was just ordinary. Just a little -- see, everybody thought he was gonna be [00:39:00] short, but he ended up growing up real big, you know. He just 26 �kinda got popular in his last year. JJ: Popular in what way? BH: Well, in sports just, you know, I guess. JJ: Was he good at sports or...? BH: He was kinda laid back at first, but he was pretty good. He kind of got more, I guess, developed a way of getting’ more noticed or something. JJ: Growing up, I know he had a lot of conviction at the end, but growing up -- you know what I’m sayin’? How was his conviction? What I mean by conviction, when he believed in something, was it firmly or...? BH: Yeah. JJ: I mean what would expect -- BH: Mm-hmm, yeah. He was deep in his convictions ’cause used to say he wanted to be a lawyer, not just to make money, but to help people. So he had deep, [00:40:00] deep convictions, you know. Even though he became a popular person in school, he always shared with the less fortunate. He always had a kinda feeling for people, kinda felt sorry for people. I mean, he’d laugh and joke and play, but he was always -- like to read. And he would take part in things that most people wouldn’t, that wasn’t interesting to most Blacks and Hispanics. But they didn’t bother him because he was into sports and had a certain strong nature. I mean, he wasn’t one of these kids that just read all the time, so nobody could just say he was a sissy because he was into sports and did things that other people did. Dance, signified, you know, he was kind of, like, well-rounded, he could do either one. But he didn’t stop what he wanted to do because of his 27 �friends. Because sometimes, junior achievement back then, you couldn’t get many Blacks into that, but he’d go by hisself. He wouldn’t let nobody stop his [00:41:00] advancement in life. He was that type. He wanted to do something, he did. And he wouldn’t wait around, but he tried to encourage people to get into it with him. If they didn’t, he just, you know... He was definitely the lead. He was definitely a man that thought of on his own. JJ: You say he was kind of well-rounded, he liked to dance and everything? Was he an average dancer? BH: No, he was a good dancer. JJ: A pretty good dancer? BH: Mm-hmm, mm-hmm, mm-hmm. JJ: What kind of moves, I mean what kinda...? BH: Good, he was good at it. He was good at it. He -- JJ: What was that period? What kind of dancing? BH: Let me see, what was that, Watusi -- JJ: Oh, the Watusi? BH: -- mashed potatoes, all that stuff. Yeah, he was good at it, he didn’t... As he got older, he got more intellectual. But he was always able to communicate because he did things that most people do. [00:42:00] See like you had some people, if they were into being intellectual, they were that alone. By him being in sports and different things, people were able to relate to him because he did more of that, you know, like they did. JJ: And that school that he was going to here, that’s the school that we’re talking 28 �about, right? The one in Maywood? BH: Yeah, we all went to same schools. JJ: Which was Proviso? BH: Yeah, that’s the high school. JJ: Okay, that’s a big high school and so everybody knows each other. BH: Well, it was a big high school, everybody didn’t know each other. I guess most of the Blacks knew each other. JJ: But most of -- BH: But everybody didn’t know each other. JJ: Bue most of the Blacks knew each other BH: Yeah, I guess out of the first -- JJ: So, it was, like, segregated? BH: I guess out of the -- JJ: So it was segregated? BH: Well-- JJ: They didn’t know each other yet. BH: No, the whites knew some of the whites but there were so many because it was segregated in the sense that even though you were going to school with the whites, the Blacks were still in their own world, in their own area. You know what I mean? Blacks were still -- you didn’t read and party with the whites on the weekends. They’d be a little different now. You’d go to basketball games, [00:43:00] the Blacks kind of be with each other, the whites be with each other, you know. They did some things together. You know, like if they would give a 29 �thing at school, sometimes they’d mix but it wasn’t -- No, Blacks mostly stayed because some of the parents, I guess, didn’t want it. So, the Blacks kinda stayed in their own area. So I guess some of the parents didn’t allow -- later on you start seeing couples. Mm-hmm. M1: Yeah, they were slick. BH: Mm-hmm. JJ: Okay. So -- F1: Excuse me. JJ: That’s all right. F1: Thank you. JJ: So, they started (inaudible) BH: Overall, they did. JJ: Were there any brawls? Any fights at all? (inaudible) BH: Yes. Every night there was a brawl. That’s why they started the cross-section committee. Yeah, the brawls. JJ: The cross-section committee was to what, to...? BH: Stop the riots and [00:44:00] pull students together more. JJ: Because there were riots in the school? BH: Yeah. Every night there were riots. Like most schools back then, you know, you’d have riots, you know, mixed schools. JJ: What year was this? BH: We’re talkin’ about the ’60s, middle ’60s. JJ: Middle ’60s? 30 �BH: Mm-hmm. JJ: Okay. So there was riots at the school? BH: Lotta schools, you know. Like, you know, schools like not just Proviso. You hear about schools that were mixed in the city. Like Lane Tech would be bussin’ Blacks from different parts of the city. That’s why they had good sports team because Lane Tech was all boys once, but you had people from all over the city goin’ to Lane Tech. And there was in another school in the city, that was Chicago Vocational. They would have riots there because it was mixed. Marshall, when I was going there, turned mostly all Black. But, before me, they tell me it was all Jewish, they tell me. And Farragut was kind of mixed, [00:45:00] so they’d have they little problems. Tilden was kind of mixed. It was all boys when I was around. So yeah, certain schools in the city that they had little problems where they were mixed. You’d hear stories. Lindblom, comin’ to whites and Blacks going through certain areas to go to school. They’d have their little problems. You’d hear about it. JJ: Getting back because we’re gonna kinda of finish up pretty soon. Trying to make a connection in terms of the Young Lords and the Black Panthers -- BH: Mm-hmm. JJ: What do you remember about that? And what was your first contact? BH: My first contact was that you had Blacks and Puerto Ricans coming together. When I used to hear talk about, I guess when the Puerto Rican community started comin’ in Chicago, when I was a kid, they were mostly on the West Side, I think. And I used to hear problems Blacks and Puerto Ricans havin’. [00:46:00] 31 �Fightin’ every night, and I’d hear a lot of that. And I met some Puerto Ricans when I was in college. JJ: You said West Side. Where, around Madison? BH: You know, I don’t know. I just hear Blacks talk about Puerto Ricans and things like that. JJ: What year was this? BH: No, they were Puerto Ricans fighting with knives and you know, different little things. Same thing I hear up in New York. The same things going on up there. They killing one another. Stokely Carmichael talked about that. And I would hear a lot about that. I met some Black Cubans and different things like that. And I found later, was some Black Puerto Ricans. But as I got to know, mingled with Puerto Ricans, they were better than the Mexicans. I got along with them a little better. But like I said, a lot of things, I’d hear. So I’d hear Blacks, they have conflicts over the West Side. Then the Puerto Rican community started moving more, what, north-west or...? [00:47:00] JJ: North-west, yeah. BH: Mm-hmm. I guess the Puerto Rican community started coming to Chicago, that was maybe in the ’50s, maybe. JJ: In the ’50s, they were in the West Side. BH: Yes, they were. I heard a lotta talk about that. JJ: They were around Madison. BH: That’s what I heard a lotta talk about. JJ: Madison kids. 32 �BH: Oh, was it? Yeah, I heard a lot of talk about it. There were a lot of conflicts with Blacks and Puerto Ricans. JJ: Right, right. BH: And my brother, you see, I had, like I said, when I went to college, I got a different perspective. We used to go to Duncan Y, and I met a lot of Puerto Rican guys. And, you know, they were similar to Blacks, if I got to meet ’em, The Mexicans were, if I got to meet them, they were different, too. But Puerto Ricans seemed to be a little more -- I got along with them a lot better. They seemed to be a lot more like us. And a lot of that was just through, you know, looked like everybody was after Blacks. And I’m sure that this sort of kept a lot of people at our throats, you know. Though some of the Black Cubans, you know, it took time to get with them, you know. So [00:48:00] the Black Cubans, they was kinda weird. JJ: But what -- your connection to the Young Lords, specifically? (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) BH: Well, when I met the Young Lords, they were okay with me. I was good, you know. I met you and I always thought you were, you know. We always got along. I see you at the office, you know. We’d go up on the roof. JJ: At the office, there... BH: On Madison. JJ: On Madison. BH: Yeah. JJ: Panther office. 33 �BH: Yeah, so okay, you know, I always hear name Cha-cha, and my brother used to always tease and they always said we passed. And they said he could pass because he looked more white than Puerto Ricans. So I would say that, you know, it was okay, but at that time I learned more about different people. I learned more about the Puerto Ricans, you know. And so that was that. Chicago was a funny city because it got all these ethnics, you know. That created a lot of weirdness, you know. Got your Chinese community, Chinatown, your Greektown, Little Italy. And you see [00:49:00] it’s kind of strange because some places I went, Italians felt close to Black people. Some places I went, they didn’t like ’em. And it was kind of, it was all crazy stuff. I met hillbillies with money that didn’t like poor hillbillies in Uptown. I met Hispanics with money that didn’t like, that didn’t care for, Hispanics. You know, Blacks that had a little somethin’ but they lived way south, they didn’t like the West Side Blacks. You know, once a lot of Blacks come here from the South, once they get on their feet and get something, then they kind of look down on the other ones. And I’ve seen that with other nationalities too. So it was kind of strange, you know. So when they put the coalition together, that was really a good thing. Some people didn’t really wanna accept it, you know. But that’s either here or there. Well, I thought Young Lords was a real good thing, you know, because [00:50:00] they suffered. I thought that the coalition was real good. I didn’t have no problem with them. It was kinda hard for me to get used to some of the young patrons because you think about hillbillies, you think about things that happened in the South. But, you know, most of them I got along with that I met. Slim Coleman, I always got along 34 �with him, you know. He was alright, I guess. Some of the Native Americans I met, they were okay ’cause I got a little Native American in me, Cherokee Indian in me. My great-grandmother was Native American. So, you know, after I got there, I thought the coalition was a good thing. I thought it was good. I thought that’s why the system didn’t really want that. That’s something they didn’t really want. They really didn’t want that, you know. And I think that’s what Dr. King [00:51:00] was talkin’ about the poor people’s march in Washington. All those things that they didn’t really want. I thought it was good, but I saw the Young Lords as a positive thing, you know. I know they came out of a gang and into doin’ something political. I heard that they were a gang, but I didn’t know -- I used to hear about the Vice Lords, the Taylor Street Dukes. You heard of them? Used to be an Italian gang and Polish playboys. But I never heard much about the Young Lords as a gang. I knew they were Puerto Rican gangs, but I didn’t. And then the Young Lords they’ve made today, you know. I’m kind of interested. So they were a gang at first. JJ: Yeah. BH: (laughs) I had a cousin that was a midget Vice Lord, you know. So what, did the Young Lords start over on the West Side? Or they started...? JJ: No, no. Lincoln Park. Lincoln Park. BH: Oh, ok. JJ: Lincoln Park in Old Town. [00:52:00] BH: So when the Puerto Rican population come here, when they were running wild over there on the West Side, did they have Puerto Rican gangs over there? 35 �JJ: There was a Puerto Rican population on [Lisle?] and Chicago, everything. BH: I think I heard that. I remember that. JJ: And then that moved to Lincoln Park. BH: Oh, ok. JJ: It went to -- BH: But when the -- JJ: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) BH: -- but when the Puerto Ricans on the West Side, did they have any gangs? JJ: Oh, yeah, there were gangs all the time because we were right in front -- BH: But not no known gangs really, huh? JJ: We were right in front of the Italians and Irish, so we were fighting them too. You know, at that same time. BH: Talkin’ about when you on the West Side? JJ: Yeah, no. As the neighborhood was changing, we were fighting the newcomers. BH: Oh, ok. Oh. JJ: They were the newcomers. BH: So you were fighting the Italians too and all that, yeah. JJ: Yeah, we were fighting them too. BH: Hmm. JJ: And they were probably fighting other people too, and it just an -- (break in audio) BH: They were battling, huh. JJ: Yeah, everybody was battling, you know, the youth. If you’re from Chicago, 36 �you’re in the gang, I guess. BH: Uh-huh. JJ: But then over here, [00:53:00] Freddy’s in the NAACP and he’s doing a lot of political stuff already at that age. What got you into the political stuff? I mean, were your parents involved or...? BH: Not a whole lot, they just was union workers. JJ: And they were union workers. BH: Right. And then they would always keep up with things that were goin’ on. JJ: In the union? BH: No, just keep up with things in the world. We always was interested in what was going on, so it wasn’t no surprise that we got into it. My brother made a big step with the Panthers, had to make the big step like he did. We were always interested in what King was doing and things like that. We were followin’ it. Lotta people did, but a lotta people really didn’t get into it that deep. Because a lot of people weren’t in that nonviolent kick. And then some people thought that Malcolm X was going too fast. So yeah, it was always on how am I, the political thing. It was always [00:54:00] ’cause I kept up with everything and knew who was doing what, you know. And then finally I just felt that I had to get out there with ’em because you’d go to school and people talk about what would happen. You know, you hear things about Selma, you’d experience different things. And some people had saw this stuff for so long, they just looked at it as a way of everyday life. They got captivated, “Well okay, I don’t like what they -- you know, I went downtown, and I went in this neighborhood and they did that.” But they 37 �get in their own neighborhood and I guess they felt safe and just said, “Well, it ain’t gonna change. Just give up.” So I think that’s, what, after I saw the Stokely Carmichaels and the Kings and all of that. Say well hey, I better not just talk about how bad they’re doing, just be a part of it in some kind of way. [00:55:00] And since I got involved with it, I like it. I like it. I guess it’s in my blood now. JJ: What are some of your plans for the scholarship? BH: To keep giving them out and maybe to extend it to other fields. We gotta get the money, you know, because with this Bush administration, a lot of our funds got cut. So we get funds but it’s nothing like we used to. So we just want to keep giving funds and build it even bigger. JJ: Was the bust of Fred Hampton, was that part of the scholarship fund? BH: No, I raised some money myself, but the community State Rep Karen Yarbrough was able to allocate the money, and the village of Maywood gave some so they were able to, the committee, people of [00:56:00] Maywood voted on it, the council that helped some of the money. They would give money to do that. JJ: So you got the whole council of Maywood working on renaming the pool Fred Hampton. BH: Yeah, they voted on it. Matter fact, when they named the pool after Fred, we had a white mayor. And it was three white -- it was six trustees. Three whites voted against it, three Blacks voted for it. Then the mayor come in and break the tie. He caught hell for it too. (laughs) They didn’t reelect him either. I felt sorry for him. We stayed close, but he caught hell for that. ’Cause he knew Fred and he had a good... So that was just right. You weren’t out here that night. You had a 38 �lot of ex-Panthers out here. It was all jammed when they made this, oh boy, whites on one side and Blacks, oh boy, it was something else. It was really something. You know, it was some [00:57:00] kind of night. That was not long after Fred got killed in the ’70s, they named the pool. M1: Yep, they did it. JJ: When did people start again being active? For a while they were not active. I think we tried to do something up north with the aldermanic campaign. I don’t know if you remember it from that time during ’75 or...? BH: I remember that, yeah. I think when people become active again, it might have been like the late ’70s when the Reagan thing start comin’ in. It kind of forced people to kinda get a little bit active. Then Harold Washington, he not only won the mayor, he sorta, like -- a movement was built around him. Brought a movement back to life a little bit, I think. Don’t you think so? JJ: Oh yeah. BH: You know, it kinda came back to movement days beginnin’ to come back. It’s just [00:58:00] that people weren’t working as close as they used to. ’Cause I remember when that was a problem, a crazy killing or something in the community, even though they didn’t agree, I remember the NAACP and Panthers and [CORE?] and everybody all on the same stage. Well, Young Lords, you know, gangs, ’cause everybody wanted to get together and do something about it. Now it’s this kinda like, you don’t have that now. Maybe tryin’ to get back there, but you don’t have that enthusiasm then. JJ: Okay, we’ll kind of finish it up a little bit. What do you think we missed that we 39 �need to kinda bring out? Fred Hampton, in terms of his legacy and that, that you wanted to bring out. BH: If I may, if people wanna keep Fred’s legacy alive, that people have to, [00:59:00] just in simple form, remember his dedication, remember to be real men and women, to stand up, and not be sold out. ’Cause I think that’s what Fred -- Fred didn’t sell out. I think you couldn’t buy him, and I think what people have to realize is that, you know, they can just stand up as men and women, don’t have to be bought out. I think a lot of people are using excuses to be bought out. I think that that’s just something that Fred wouldn’t go for ’cause I think that people gotta realize if they got to be bought out to become of a certain political position, they don’t need it. Because if you gonna do one thing one way, then you hypocritical. You’re not gonna do it another way. So we need to make our leaders, as Fred would have did, more accountable. We need to make ’em more accountable. JJ: Okay. BH: I think [01:00:00] people should keep the work that Fred, the Panthers, the Young Lords did, I’m serious, they need to keep it alive, is not let it die. Keep it alive. You know, do something every year to bring the focus out, to keep the young people from running around. And some old people who got the wrong information, give them the right information. I think they need to keep it going. JJ: Okay. END OF VIDEO FILE 40 � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d4a2c06746311c6c22a76294e12422d5.mp4 105f75a73ce83e1b67afe0f56f8ad76f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Young Lords in Lincoln Park Collection Subject The topic of the resource Young Lords (Organization) Puerto Ricans--United States Civil Rights--United States--History Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) Personal narratives Social justice Community activists--Illinois--Chicago Description An account of the resource Collection of oral history interviews and digitized materials documenting the history of the Young Lords Organization in Lincoln Park, Chicago. Interviews were conducted by Young Lords' founder, José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez, and documents were digitized from Mr. Jiménez' archives. The Young Lords in Lincoln Park collection grows out of the ongoing struggle for fair housing, self-determination, and human rights that was launched by Mr. José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez, founder of the Young Lords Movement. This project is dedicated to documenting the history of the displacement of Puerto Ricans, Mejicanos, other Latinos, and the poor from Lincoln Park, as well as the history of the Young Lords nationwide. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jiménez, José, 1948- Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/491">Young Lords in Lincoln Park collection (RHC-65)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-25 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng spa Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-65 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2012-2017 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Título Spanish language Title entry Bill Hampton vídeo entrevista y biografía Descripción Spanish language Description entry Bill Hampton era un maestro en las escuelas de Chicago y también el hermano de Fred Hampton, quien fue el vicepresidente de la sección del Black Panther Party en Illinois. Fred Hampton fue asesinado en la mañana del 4 de Diciembre 1969 por un equipo especial de policía. Bill Hampton creció en Maywood, Illinois, donde organizo un a conmemoración anual en recuerdo de su hermano que fue atendido por líderes del cívico y la comunidad. En Maywood, Señor Hampton corre un programa de seguridad en el tráfico y como director de Midwest Voter Aliance, organizo y coordino para Barak Obama durante su primera ves corriendo por presidente. Sujetos Spanish language Subject terms Young Lords (Organización) Puertorriqueños--Estados Unidos Derechos civiles--Estados Unidos--Historia Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) Afro-Americanos--Relatos personales Justicia social Activistas comunitarios--Illinois--Chicago Hampton, Fred, 1948-1969 Partido Pantera Negra. Illinois Capítulo Relaciones raciales Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/491">Young Lords in Lincoln Park (RHC-65)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-65_Hampton_Bill Title A name given to the resource Bill Hampton video interview and transcript Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hampton, Bill Description An account of the resource Bill Hampton is a former Chicago public school teacher and the brother of Fred Hampton, Deputy Chairman of the Illinois Chapter of the Black Panther Party who was murdered by a special police squad in an early morning raid on December 4, 1969. Bill Hampton grew up in Maywood, Illinois, where he organizes an annual commemoration event for his brother. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jiménez, José, 1948- Subject The topic of the resource Young Lords (Organization) Puerto Ricans--United States Civil Rights--United States--History Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) African Americans--Personal narratives Social justice Community activists--Illinois--Chicago Hampton, Fred, 1948-1969 Black Panther Party. Illinois Chapter Race relations Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-02-09 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f99e4c4ff1a9c527cd01908a36f90e94.pdf d1f70d6c0ba71abac8ca9c27832e8533 PDF Text Text �� https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c767cef6bfe786a797fa3370884f2b4f.pdf 6bc5b8af60e3b8831dffbe22573979a3 PDF Text Text October Term 1839 The Jurors of the state of maryland for the body of Frederick County in United states [Presaid?] Henry Grace a slave for life the Property of Ritchard Potts Esq for receiving and secreting stolen Goods some time in or about the month of September last [?] the from Lawrence Porter a slave for Life and the Property of Samuel R Hogg on the information of Philip Hauman John Bender and George Hauer Esq. and Samuel R Hogg. Daniel Duvall Foreman �[Handwritten docketing] No. 8 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-45_CWS000013 Title A name given to the resource Bill of indictment for theft against a slave belonging to Ritchard Potts, 1839 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1839 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Maryland. County Court. (Frederick County) Subject The topic of the resource African Americans Slavery--United States Slave records Court records Crime Slaves Slaveholders Bender, John Foreman, Daniel Duvall Grace, Henry Hauer, George Hauman, Philip Hogg, Samuel R. Porter, Lawrence Potts, Ritchard Maryland Frederick County (Md.) Description An account of the resource Bill of indictment against a slave, by the jurors of the State of Maryland, for receiving and secreting stolen goods from another slave. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Civil War and slavery collection (RHC-45): http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/499aed467de1e24a8e39614ce567dee8.pdf d1f70d6c0ba71abac8ca9c27832e8533 PDF Text Text �� https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ae3cc40abde9396b1c73a537bfc36e0b.pdf 6bc5b8af60e3b8831dffbe22573979a3 PDF Text Text October Term 1839 The Jurors of the state of maryland for the body of Frederick County in United states [Presaid?] Henry Grace a slave for life the Property of Ritchard Potts Esq for receiving and secreting stolen Goods some time in or about the month of September last [?] the from Lawrence Porter a slave for Life and the Property of Samuel R Hogg on the information of Philip Hauman John Bender and George Hauer Esq. and Samuel R Hogg. Daniel Duvall Foreman �[Handwritten docketing] No. 8 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-45_CWS000013 Title A name given to the resource Bill of indictment for theft against a slave belonging to Ritchard Potts, 1839 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1839 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Maryland. County Court. (Frederick County) Subject The topic of the resource African Americans Slavery--United States Slave records Court records Crime Slaves Slaveholders Bender, John Foreman, Daniel Duvall Grace, Henry Hauer, George Hauman, Philip Hogg, Samuel R. Porter, Lawrence Potts, Ritchard Maryland Frederick County (Md.) Description An account of the resource Bill of indictment against a slave, by the jurors of the State of Maryland, for receiving and secreting stolen goods from another slave. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Civil War and slavery collection (RHC-45): http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/cc970ef43ced4eb76bd99c612b464257.pdf 865395d8f3a50c1cffc814ed4d001df1 PDF Text Text �� https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4f2da0487b1105844581770c68461e66.pdf bee23bae9e91045449327eb5a6d1c6f8 PDF Text Text [Page 1] Know all men by these presents, that I Abraham Brower of the City of New York for and in consideration of the sum of One Hundred Dollars Current money of the State of New York to me in hand hand paid at and before the ensealing these presents, by Isaac Jones of the said City the receipt where of I do hereby acknowledg, and myself to be therewith fully satisfied content and paid; have granted bargained sold released and by these presents do fully clearly and absolutely grant bargin sell and release unto the said Isaac Jones A negro man named George Teabout aged about Thirty five years to have and to hold the said negro man George Teabout unto the said Isaac Jones his Executors administrators and assines forever and I the said Abraham Brower for myself my heirs Executors and administrators do Covenant and agree, to and with the above named Isaac Jones his Executors and administrators and assigns to warrant and defend the Sale of the above named negroman against all persons whatsoever in witness whereof I have herewith set my hand and seal this sevententh day of September in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and five Signd Sealed & Delivered in the presence of John D. Brower John Bogart Abraham Brower �[Cover] Bill of Sale of A Black man named George Teabout � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-45_CWS000001 Title A name given to the resource Bill of sale for slave of Abraham Brower, September 17, 1805 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1805 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brower, Abraham Jones, Isaac Subject The topic of the resource African Americans Slavery--United States Slave records Slave bills of sale Slaves Slaveholders Brower, Abraham Brower, John D. Bogart, John, 1791-1853 Jones, Isaac Teabout, George New York (N.Y.) Description An account of the resource Bill of sale transferring ownership of George Teabout from Abraham Brower of New York City to Isaac Jones for the sum of $100. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Civil War and slavery collection (RHC-45): http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/40445e6bf8f6e79e7191f4ea5eced985.pdf be69446cfd56bd7565451d005a6d2140 PDF Text Text �� https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/99bd642a24a1cbf24e1e22c042345b28.pdf 746c71f1854c25cb2d3a9f78518572f5 PDF Text Text Natchez 4th Feb. 1836 Received of Mr James Cotton the sum of Eight hundred and fifty dollars for the purchase of a negroe girl named Mariah which I warrant sound and slave for life and likewise warrant the title against the claim of any person whomsoever, given under my hand and seal the day and date as above written Thos Stone Thos Boudar (seal mark) �[Handwritten calculation] 5000 1737.50 5000 3450 $15,137.50 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-45_CWS000010 Title A name given to the resource Bill of sale for slave of Thomas Stone, February 4, 1836 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1836 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Stone, Thomas Bouder, Thomas Cotton, James Subject The topic of the resource African Americans Slavery--United States Slave records Slave bills of sale Slaves Slaveholders Bouder, Thomas Cotton, James Stone, Thomas Mississippi Natchez (Miss.) Description An account of the resource Bill of sale transferring ownership of girl named Mariah from Thomas Stone of Natchez, Mississippi to James Cotton for the sum of $850. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Civil War and slavery collection (RHC-45): http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e71ca7b5577e4c81a1482a9cc7816667.pdf 6da25d50148a054692e175bcfca1b848 PDF Text Text �� https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8937fa6d2a4f66ead776012c24bffeff.pdf 1c6c66a486e7c5730bf9c06f2c3e2063 PDF Text Text Received of W B Withers Seven Hundred and Ten Dollars in full payment for a Negro Boy named Dick Said Boy aged about Eleven years = The right and Title to said Boy I transfer to W B Withers and covnant and defend the same against any other person whatever and warrant the said negro a slave for life. Jany 18th 1858 Test Elam A. Sherrill John G Withers �[Handwritten docketing] Bill of Sale for Dick � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-45_CWS000009 Title A name given to the resource Bill of sale for slave of William B. Withers, January 18, 1858 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1858 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Withers, John G. Withers, William B. Subject The topic of the resource African Americans Slavery--United States Slave records Slave bills of sale Slaves Slaveholders Withers, John G. Withers, W. B. Sherrill, Elam A. North Carolina Description An account of the resource Bill of sale transferring ownership of an 11 year old boy named Dick from John G. Withers of North Carolina to William B. Withers (b. ca. 1821 in S. C.) for the sum of $710. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Civil War and slavery collection (RHC-45): http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c3a940f3f50504a4c7743da1d5614dbe.mp4 3ea0465da59b59593345ec4caf37b142 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3ba0d4875c802e1fbe6efacac727b745.pdf 2c30b00bc251a2aed0ae2fe94fe59c3e PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives RHC-88 Fei Hu Films Flying Tigers Interviews Interviewer: Frank Boring Interviewee: Wilfred “Bill” Schaper Date of Interview: 04-23-1991 Transcriber: Frank Boring [TAPE 1] FRANK BORING: We'll start off with a question, you can elaborate as much as you want. What you were you doing before you even heard about AVG? BILL SCHAPER: I was staff sergeant in the Army. Hamilton Field. I came home from my uncle and aunt's in Oakland and we had a room at the end of the barracks. Walker was there. Walker said you want to go to China? I said are you crazy? I feared he'd been drunk again or had been drinking. Well, he said, tomorrow morning you can sign up. And the next morning well, we signed up. That was in probably about May '41. FRANK BORING: What was your position in the military? BILL SCHAPER: I was staff sergeant 77th Pursuit Squadron, Hamilton Field? Came over from Oakland visiting my aunt and uncle when I got into the barracks my friend, Walker said you want to go to China? I said you've been drinking? No, I'm telling you the truth. I said what do I do? He said, come on with me in the morning to sign up. That's it. FRANK BORING: What had you heard about China? BILL SCHAPER: Nothing. Had no idea, not an inkling before that. �BILL SCHAPER: I had just come home from Oakland visiting my aunt and uncle when I checked into the barracks we had a room at the end. Walker asked me if I wanted to go to China. I said you've been drinking again. He said, no, I mean it. He'd been interviewed, I guess. And then he said come with me in the morning and you'll sign up. So I signed up and I never heard again for a couple of weeks whatever happened. In the meantime I was refused transfer to another group that would offer a better promotion by Mr. Aker, General Aker, and I had made up my mind to leave. There was no way you could get off of there in 1941. You were locked into the service. FRANK BORING: Hold off car going thru. Start right from the beginning. What were you doing before you heard about the AVG? BILL SCHAPER: Staff Sgt. U.S. Air Corp, Hamilton Field. I had just come back from Oakland visiting my aunt and uncle. And Walker my roommate at Hamilton Field asked me if I wanted to go to China? I said you been drinking again, no he said I mean follow me home we'll sign up tomorrow morning. That was it. FRANK BORING: A siren now. What were you doing before you ever heard about the AVG. BILL SCHAPER: I was a staff sergeant in the U. S. Air Corp at Hamilton Field, 77th Pursuit Squadron. I had gone over to visit my aunt and uncle in Oakland and when I got back Sunday night Walker was in our room and he asked me if I wanted to go to China? I said you've been drinking again? I could tell by the beer cans under the bunk. He said, no, I mean it come on over we'll sign up tomorrow morning. So we did. I think it was on a Monday morning. FRANK BORING: What was your experience? Why did you decide to go to China? BILL SCHAPER: I was refused a promotion to a group that split off to mark March Field and I was a little unhappy with my rank probably, if I remember. And when this opportunity came I decided to leave. �FRANK BORING: What did you know about China? BILL SCHAPER: Not a thing. Did not have no idea where I was going, when we were going to leave or nothing. Absolutely cold turkey. FRANK BORING: Was it just the two of you that talked about this? Or where there other guys that were? BILL SCHAPER: I think from Hamilton Field there or I never recalled but there must have been 8 or 9 or 10 of us. FRANK BORING: What was your first contact with representatives from CAMCO? BILL SCHAPER: I don't remember. FRANK BORING: Tell us how you got out of the military and into the AVG. BILL SCHAPER: Nobody ever asked me that before. I don't remember. I know we got notice that we were going to leave San Francisco on July the 1st and this was about the middle of June. [?] had a new Chevy at the time and I had to get that Chevy back to Chicago and turn around and come back in 5 or 6 days I think maybe a week. I got my Chevy back to Chicago, gave it to my parents and drove lease car to Fresno and then hitchhiked from Fresno to San Francisco. FRANK BORING: Once you got to San Francisco what did you find there in terms of AVG group that was there? BILL SCHAPER: I don't even remember the name of the hotel. It was all new to me. I was 29 or 30 years old - I was no kid. We left the P-36's and we got the P-40's I was a [?] chief and I think I knew more about that P-40 than anybody other than people in our group. I recall that one time we had a flight of new pilots come in from flight school and we took them down to Coalinga, down a dirt field because they were ground looping all the time on the concrete. Pilots could �probably tell you more about that than I. We had a couple of accidents down there after we came back from Coalinga I think this China deal came up. At the time we had no idea there was going to be a war in China. In fact we went over cold turkey. FRANK BORING: What was your experience with the P-40 when it first came in and what was your duties… what was your… what were you supposed to do with the airplane? BILL SCHAPER: I was crew chief, hanger chief, maintenance. Complete maintenance, from one end to the other. FRANK BORING: Could you explain in more detail what that involved? BILL SCHAPER: The biggest thing was swapping engines and propellers I guess. I thought the P-40 was a pretty good airplane. FRANK BORING: Let's start from there. I thought the P-40 was a pretty good airplane and they explain to us why you thought it was a pretty good airplane from your perspective don't even worry about the pilots or any of that. From your perspective. BILL SCHAPER: I can't evaluate that. FRANK BORING: Just say whatever you felt about the P-40. Was it an improvement on the P-36? BILL SCHAPER: It was a definite improvement on the P-36. Except it did have ground looping tendencies I guess. FRANK BORING: Let's hear you say again you said earlier that you thought the P-40 was a pretty good airplane. BILL SCHAPER: I guess the P-40 was an improvement over the P-36 that's all I can tell you. �FRANK BORING: Let's start again. Frank will ask the question. What did you think about the P-40 and you can say it had this ground looping problems and builds the airplane and then go into what you thought of it and the ground looping thing. BILL SCHAPER: You see as a mechanic, you don't have any… you don't [?] why it flies even, you don't care just make it fly. I thought the P-40 was a pretty good airplane over the P-36. It had the ground looping qualities that didn't exist in the P-36, I guess. I could tell you that when we got over to China, to Burma, we had Navy person that never knew a liquid cool engine from a tractor. FRANK BORING: Well, tell us more about your experience that you used in China. What is it that made you want CAMCO to have you? I mean why did they want you to go to China, why did they except you? BILL SCHAPER: I guess we were pretty well screened in Hamilton Field because we were the last of the group to be picked up after they brought everybody from back east. But what they were short of they picked up at Hamilton Field. And I was one of them. FRANK BORING: Why did they pick you? BILL SCHAPER: Qualification I guess. That's why Aker would let me go with the other group. FRANK BORING: Can you explain about that… why wouldn't Aker let you go? BILL SCHAPER: Aker's letter to me at the time said "unqualified replacements available" for our squadron. General Aker. General Ira Aker. Commanding General of the 8th Air Force World War II. FRANK BORING: You'll have to say that whole thing. When you say General Ira Aker - that's what we need. We need that whole title in there and then say why he didn't want you to go. Let's start from that point. �BILL SCHAPER: When they picked up replacements for the group they were putting together to go to China General Aker wouldn't release me for another group that went to March Field because a qualified replacement was unavailable. FRANK BORING: And you were qualified? BILL SCHAPER: Oh, yeah, as general mechanic, I was an electrician, a prop man, motor man, everything. FRANK BORING: Let's go to San Francisco now. You met up with some of the guys there at the hotel before you got on the ship. Or do you remember... BILL SCHAPER: Yeah, we had quite a group there before we got on the Jaegersfontein. We went right from there to a bus to the Jaegersfontein. FRANK BORING: Why don't you tell us something about that period? The meeting of all these guys. BILL SCHAPER: I don't remember. FRANK BORING: How about the ship itself. Do you remember getting on the ship? BILL SCHAPER: Oh, yeah, being from Hamilton Field I was familiar with San Francisco. These other guys had come, I mean our other crew personnel had been down in Los Angeles at the Jonathan Club living high on the hog. I went right to San Francisco, San Francisco shipped out. I don't think we were there 3 or 4 days. FRANK BORING: Tell us about the trip over on the ship. BILL SCHAPER: A helluva long ride that's all. It was one week, oh, you probably heard this, from San Francisco to Honolulu. Thirty days to �Singapore. Everything was dried up. We stayed in Singapore overnight, I think, and then shipped out to Toungoo, to Rangoon. FRANK BORING: What did you find when you arrived in Rangoon? BILL SCHAPER: We went put on a lorry and put on a train immediately. I know they searched us for arms. They tried to take all our arms away. I didn't have one. But nobody would relinquish what they had. They just kept them. Because the British authority at the time there was no arms in the British colony. FRANK BORING: Once you arrived in Rangoon you got on a train to go to Toungoo? What did you find when you arrived in Toungoo? BILL SCHAPER: It was raining. Probably rain. We checked in the barracks and the next morning we were told why we were there. FRANK BORING: What did they tell you? BILL SCHAPER: We were going to protect the Burma Road against the Japanese. I think that was the first indication that I had that there was a war going on. FRANK BORING: What were your duties? BILL SCHAPER: When I arrived in Toungoo? I think we had a general meeting and we were told why we were there. Other than that, before that we had no idea. I had no idea. FRANK BORING: Why were you there? BILL SCHAPER: To protect the Burma Road I guess. FRANK BORING: To get it on tape we've got to have you say when we were in Rangoon they had a general meeting and told us. Let's start again with you saying after you arrived in Toungoo. �BILL SCHAPER: We arrived in Toungoo we had a general meeting either a day or two days later and we were told why we were there. Before that I had no idea. Why we were there? FRANK BORING: That's what we are looking for. In spite the fact that you didn't get off at Toungoo again. BILL SCHAPER: When I arrived in Toungoo the following morning or the second morning after we had a general meeting and we were told why we were in Burma. To protect the Burma Road from the bombing Japanese airplanes, I guess. FRANK BORING: That's what we are looking for. BILL SCHAPER: Why don't you write the script? FRANK BORING: What were your duties, your daily duties there? BILL SCHAPER: My duty, I went over as a crew chief. I found out anyway and those of us who worked the P-40 that there were quite a few inexperienced personnel familiar with the P-40. So after I was crew chief for about a month I was appointed to go into the hanger and do the heavier work. I worked for, what the hell was his name, Pruitt? Pruitt and Harry Fox both Navy personnel who'd never seen a P-40 before. FRANK BORING: So what were your duties like? BILL SCHAPER: I did the most heavy maintenance. FRANK BORING: Which is? BILL SCHAPER: Engine change, propeller change, wing tips, repair damage. I didn't do any sheet metal work though. �FRANK BORING: At this time some of the pilots had never flown P-40, they were all BILL SCHAPER: Navy FRANK BORING: Checking out in the P-40. What kind of experience did you have with the airplanes coming in? I mean the ones that were damaged. What kind of work did you have to do on them? BILL SCHAPER: I did the repair work. FRANK BORING: Repair work is not enough. We need to know the details of what you actually did. If you have an example. For example, maybe Rossi messed up a propeller or something - you can tell a little story about that. BILL SCHAPER: I don't remember. I changed so many goddamn props. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Flying Tigers Interviews and Films Subject The topic of the resource Oral history United States--History, Military China--History, Military Veterans China. Kong jun. American Volunteer Group World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, Chinese World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Description An account of the resource Collection contains original 1940s films and interviews conducted in the 1990s, documenting the history of the American Volunteer Group (AVG) "Flying Tigers." The Flying Tigers were organized by the United States to aid China during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Original filmstrips were recorded by AVG crewmen Joe Gasdick and Chuck Misenheimer, as well as Chinese Air Force Interpreter P.Y. Shu, who was assigned to assist Col. Claire Chennault as he trained Chinese pilots and established the AVG. Interviews with members of the American Volunteer Group (AVG) “Flying Tigers” were conducted by Frank Boring for the documentary film Fei Hu: The Story of the Flying Tigers, which he co-produced with Frank Christopher under the production company Fei Hu Films. The AVG Flying Tigers were a group of American aviators, mechanics, medical and administrative military personnel, led by Col. Claire Chennault to assist the Chinese Air Force in their defense against Japanese air strikes from 1941-1942. The AVG Flying Tigers also flew in defense of the Burma Road, a major Chinese military supply route. The group disbanded and returned to regular U.S. military service after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Boring, Frank Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/540">Fei Hu Films Research and Production Files (RHC-88)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1938/1991 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Fei Hu Films Christopher, Frank Gasdick, Joseph Misenheimer, Charles V. P.Y. Shu Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4; application/pdf Language A language of the resource English; Chinese Type The nature or genre of the resource video; text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-88 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-1945 World War II Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Moving Image A series of visual representations imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. Examples include animations, movies, television programs, videos, zoetropes, or visual output from a simulation. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-88_Schaper_Bill_1991-04-23_v01 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Schaper, Wilfred E. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991-04-23 Title A name given to the resource Bill Schaper interview (video and transcript, 1 of 4), 1991 Description An account of the resource Interview of Bill Schaper by filmmaker Frank Boring for the documentary Fei Hu: The Story of the Flying Tigers. Bill Schaper was Crew Chief for the American Volunteer Group (AVG) 1st Squadron "Adam and Eves." He joined the AVG in 1941 after serving in the US Army as a Staff Sergeant in the 77th Pursuit Squadron. It was his responsibility to maintain the aircrafts. In this tape, Schaper discusses his life as a staff sergeant in the United States Air Corps prior to joining the American Volunteer Group, in addition to their journey overseas from San Francisco to Rangoon aboard the Jaegersfontein. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Boring, Frank (interviewer) Christopher, Frank (director) Fei Hu Films Subject The topic of the resource Oral history United States--History, Military China--History, Military Veterans China. Kong jun. American Volunteer Group World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/540">Fei Hu Films research and production files (RHC-88)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f0ab5ff6d9599090f85d9dda7ac05379.mp4 0b3fddf268f0272b6f159d884209fc22 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/df28ba97e8b8ecc1a0f0b611a31b69b5.pdf f1583845af30336a2ae646629ed6b542 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives RHC-88 Fei Hu Films Flying Tigers Interviews Interviewer: Frank Boring Interviewee: Wilfred “Bill” Schaper Date of Interview: 04-23-1991 Transcriber: Frank Boring [TAPE 2] FRANK BORING: You came from California and never heard of China. What was your experience, what do you recall about arriving in this foreign country. How did it affect you? BILL SCHAPER: After landing in Rangoon everything was totally strange. We got on that train up to Toungoo and I guess bussed to the airport. First thing I sat down on was a bed that was a hard as the floor. Personally I enjoyed it myself. Because it was different. One thing I can recall we had a house boy and he used to bring us coffee in the morning and one morning the cup of coffee had a scorpion in the bottom. So we fired him. FRANK BORING: What was your daily routine like? BILL SCHAPER: Work. Just routine work. I did the most maintenance from daylight to dark every day. FRANK BORING: How about the working conditions, were they… BILL SCHAPER: The working conditions were quite primitive. I can recall we had spark plugs at that time that were not ceramic like you have now. They were plug wrapped in [?] glass plastic and they would absorb the moisture. Every time in the morning we would go out and warm up an airplane, it would be missing 2, 3, 4 cylinders. We �pulled the plugs out. I took them over to the cook shack put them in the oven, dry them out and brought them back. We were so short of equipment, supplies. Tools we had none, very few. I'm talking about hand tools. FRANK BORING: That is just the kind of thing we are looking for. That was perfect. That gives us a sense of pain. Keep going. Also… BILL SCHAPER: We were so short of supplies and batteries the same way. I can't think of anything else. FRANK BORING: Did you get frustrated and feed up with that kind of problems? BILL SCHAPER: Oh, yeah and then you wait for tomorrow. You are so short of equipment, supplies, tools you just wait until the equipment arrives My own experience we replaced parts of the Allison engine a crew chief would never attempt on the field just to keep them running. FRANK BORING: Like what? Give us an example. BILL SCHAPER: Taking the back of the engine off. Changing the drive gears. FRANK BORING: Anything else? I mean the thing about the oven putting the spark plugs in was great. What about batteries, gasoline. BILL SCHAPER: Gasoline was all hand pumped. I never worried about the gasoline, the armament, or radios those were always somebody else's job. FRANK BORING: Ok. Did you ever get the feeling that you were not worth it? The money you were getting paid. BILL SCHAPER: What do you mean? That was a lot of money-- $350 a month. FRANK BORING: Why don't you talk about that? The relationship of what you were getting in the military and… �BILL SCHAPER: Well, that was one of the reasons we left. The increase. I was making $90 bucks and flight pay at Hamilton Field and when they offered us $350 back there that [?] it right there. We left. I think a lot of guys [?]. FRANK BORING: When you were there, though, you were paid $350, but no equipment, hardly any tools, jerry-rigging stuff. What was your feeling at that time? Was it worth the pay? BILL SCHAPER: We didn't have any idea what we were getting into. Just cold turkey, you know. FRANK BORING: Give us an impression. An airplane would get damaged in training, what would happen? They would bring it into the hanger? You would start working on it, what was the procedure? Let's take an example of an airplane that gets banged up in training. BILL SCHAPER: Training accidents, yeah. Oh, we scavenged parts from one to keep others flying until we got the replacement parts. What they call it cannibalize them I guess. FRANK BORING: Was there any particular, any one airplane that you can recall from the training period that was particular difficult. BILL SCHAPER: They are all the same. P-40 is a P-40. FRANK BORING: How about giving us a sense, you mentioned earlier that you were experienced on the P-40 but most of the guys you were working with weren't. Did you have to train them? Or how did they eventually get around to being able to? BILL SCHAPER: I feel I would hurt somebody's feelings if I give my own opinion. FRANK BORING: Oh, no I was… �BILL SCHAPER: Oh, yeah, in fact Charlie Bond wrote me a note in the book. We just corresponded for the first time this past spring. Last fall, this spring. Incidences he had would [?] bad maintenance. FRANK BORING: Well, we are not trying to make anybody look bad, but we are really trying to get a sense of we know that a lot of pilots that went there were never trained on a P-40. We know some of the mechanics weren't, but this is part of history. It's not your making [?] of them - they weren't trained on it. BILL SCHAPER: We were in a training school really, actually, the hard way though on the job I guess you'd call it. FRANK BORING: That's what I'm looking for. BILL SCHAPER: It was on the job the training, is what it was. FRANK BORING: What's the crew chief? How many had actually trained with before? BILL SCHAPER: I don't know. FRANK BORING: But it was a handful? BILL SCHAPER: Maybe 40% of them? Maybe less than that, I think the only one that had it was Mitchell Field, Mitchell and Selfridge at Detroit. I learned that after I got there. FRANK BORING: In terms of the training period, it went on ‘til Pearl Harbor? Do you recall? BILL SCHAPER: Pearl Harbor? Damn right I do. FRANK BORING: Tell us about the day. �BILL SCHAPER: It was on a Monday morning. I was checking out a P-40 and McClure ran up to me waving his arms. Shut it down, shut it down. I said “what's your problem?” - I thought maybe it had caught on fire. He said “they bombed Pearl Harbor.” I said “where the hell is Pearl Harbor?” The Navy knew, but I didn't know. FRANK BORING: What was your impression about you got a chance to talk to some of the guys and learn more about what was happening. What was your personal impression of what was going on? What do you recall? Once the guys starting talking about it and people were discussing what was happening what was your impression? BILL SCHAPER: I was told I think that we had a Japanese air base within a 100 miles across the hills there somewhere. It never bothered me. FRANK BORING: Where were you when the Flying Tigers first had their encounters? December the 20th, when they actually encountered airplanes over Kunming? BILL SCHAPER: I was in Kunming. I was on the field. FRANK BORING: Ok, then let's start off with you were in Rangoon. When did you move the Kunming? Do you remember? BILL SCHAPER: It would be in the fall of '41. Probably October, November. FRANK BORING: Do you remember arriving in Kunming? BILL SCHAPER: No. We flew in on a DC-3, I think. We had tools and equipment. FRANK BORING: Was the conditions there better than…? BILL SCHAPER: Yeah, much better, well… FRANK BORING: Could you describe them? �BILL SCHAPER: We lived at the hostel near the air field. We had 2 guys to the room and I think I recall we had rec room. It is so far back, man. FRANK BORING: Let's look at the work space. Where did you operate out of? For fixing the airplanes? BILL SCHAPER: Right on the field. I got a good picture of that I think. Did you ever see the Chinese that used to wash parts for us? FRANK BORING: Could you tell us about that? BILL SCHAPER: Well, we had… we picked up some Chinese helpers. I think they came from the States. We also used natives for minor duties, cleaning, stuff like that. FRANK BORING: Could you give us a description of? Did you know Pak On Lee? BILL SCHAPER: Yeah. FRANK BORING: Could you tell us about him? BILL SCHAPER: Not there I met him back at Ojai. He worked for CAMCO didn't he? FRANK BORING: Well, we are going to interview him too. BILL SCHAPER: Well, he's up in Washington isn't he? FRANK BORING: Can you try to give us an impression or describe to us what it was like inside the hanger or whatever it was. Did you say you had Chinese washing parts, you had... I mean I need to picture being there. Can you describe working on a P-40 and who was working on it and what they were doing, and the Chinese? BILL SCHAPER: It was all outdoors. I mean we did everything outside. That I recall. �FRANK BORING: Well, we are in Kunming now and the guys are still training in their airplanes, Pearl Harbor. BILL SCHAPER: No, I think most of the training was done in Toungoo. Except their tactical. See, I have nothing to do plan. The pilots could tell you more about that. FRANK BORING: We're looking for I guess when a pilot came down and landed his plane. BILL SCHAPER: The crew chief took over. After a pilot came down and landed, the crew chief took over. If there was a major problem then he would push it back into the main hanger. That's where we came in. FRANK BORING: And what happened? BILL SCHAPER: It was Overly, myself, Carter I don't remember - 4 or 5 other guys. FRANK BORING: Traditionally what would happen? The airplane has now landed, crew chief takes over, they bring it over to the hanger. Now what happens? BILL SCHAPER: Fix it that's all. That's it, just work. When you take your car to a garage what do you get? FRANK BORING: I guess what I'm looking for more specifically though is, let's say that you come back from battle, it’s got bullet holes in it or something like that. BILL SCHAPER: Not in Kunming, that's later after Rangoon. If you're talking about the period of time from maybe Oct. thru Dec. As I recall the first time we had combat was in Kunming wasn't it? FRANK BORING: Dec. 20th BILL SCHAPER: When Cokey Hoffman got it. �FRANK BORING: Well, let's go beyond that then. Where were you after that? Where were you after Kunming? BILL SCHAPER: I know I was ferried down to Rangoon and back up to Kunming, different areas - Chungking, Kweilin, as I recall. FRANK BORING: Were you on the airfield when there were battles going on? BILL SCHAPER: Frequently. FRANK BORING: Can you describe to us what that was like? BILL SCHAPER: Run and hide, that's all. Most of our action was away from the field. The only time I can recall the [?] being bombed bad was either Rangoon or Kweilin. FRANK BORING: Let's talk about… you had mentioned that when an airplane arrived after battle, there was crew chief took over and then it was brought in to hanger or the outside area. Let's take an example. Try to remember an example of airplane that got shot up and just describe to us... BILL SCHAPER: Well, suppose the… if the engine thru a rod or begin to be totally incapacitated they brought in the hanger for an engine change ... if we had one. That's where I took over. FRANK BORING: What other kinds of examples do you have, change engines sometimes, what other kinds of things happened? BILL SCHAPER: I can tell you of an incidence, I don't know where the hell it was but it was out of Kunming we had couple of airplanes, one was in a rice paddy somewhere up in the bushes and it was colder than hell and I think it was Carter, myself we took a jeep to salvage the parts that we could carry out. And it was raining and cold. And we try to get a fire started and we had a bunch of Chinese auxiliary people �around us. So I reached… we got a little fire going… and I reached in the back and got an oxygen bottle and turned the oxygen on and the coolies couldn't figure out what the hell was coming out of the bottle but pretty soon we had a pretty good blaze going. FRANK BORING: You get a chance to salvage anything out of that airplane? BILL SCHAPER: Whatever we could carry off, probably a radio, mag needles, carburetor? Whatever was salvageable…generator… FRANK BORING: Let's go to Rangoon - the fall of Rangoon. What do you recall about the last days of fall of Rangoon? BILL SCHAPER: Want to get my diary? FRANK BORING: You have diary? BILL SCHAPER: Yeah, I kept one. I could use it for notes. FRANK BORING: Yeah, we'd like to look at that later, but do you recall off the top of your head? BILL SCHAPER: No, no it’s just a lot of hard work that's all. I can recall disbursing the airplanes. We'd go down a dirt road there would be a pole here and a pole here and you have to taxi like zig zag to take it off the field.? And those of us in the Air Force? Air Corp we never taxied an airplane before in our life. That was a pilot's job but over there everybody did it. When you talk about the nose of a Cadillac as long that P-40 nose is about 14 feet, I think. I mean you couldn't see over the top. FRANK BORING: From what I understand it was a very chaotic time. The fall of Rangoon. They let out the lunatics, the zoos… BILL SCHAPER: Yeah, you're right. We were out at the field at Rangoon when they burned the docks and I remember the kooks running up and down �the highway. You see we were out of town. What the hell was the name of that and we were told by the guy that own the big department store [?] go in, take whatever you want, go get it and carry it out, and we did. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Flying Tigers Interviews and Films Subject The topic of the resource Oral history United States--History, Military China--History, Military Veterans China. Kong jun. American Volunteer Group World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, Chinese World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Description An account of the resource Collection contains original 1940s films and interviews conducted in the 1990s, documenting the history of the American Volunteer Group (AVG) "Flying Tigers." The Flying Tigers were organized by the United States to aid China during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Original filmstrips were recorded by AVG crewmen Joe Gasdick and Chuck Misenheimer, as well as Chinese Air Force Interpreter P.Y. Shu, who was assigned to assist Col. Claire Chennault as he trained Chinese pilots and established the AVG. Interviews with members of the American Volunteer Group (AVG) “Flying Tigers” were conducted by Frank Boring for the documentary film Fei Hu: The Story of the Flying Tigers, which he co-produced with Frank Christopher under the production company Fei Hu Films. The AVG Flying Tigers were a group of American aviators, mechanics, medical and administrative military personnel, led by Col. Claire Chennault to assist the Chinese Air Force in their defense against Japanese air strikes from 1941-1942. The AVG Flying Tigers also flew in defense of the Burma Road, a major Chinese military supply route. The group disbanded and returned to regular U.S. military service after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Boring, Frank Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/540">Fei Hu Films Research and Production Files (RHC-88)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1938/1991 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Fei Hu Films Christopher, Frank Gasdick, Joseph Misenheimer, Charles V. P.Y. Shu Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4; application/pdf Language A language of the resource English; Chinese Type The nature or genre of the resource video; text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-88 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-1945 World War II Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Moving Image A series of visual representations imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. Examples include animations, movies, television programs, videos, zoetropes, or visual output from a simulation. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-88_Schaper_Bill_1991-04-23_v02 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Schaper, Wilfred E. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991-04-23 Title A name given to the resource Bill Schaper interview (video and transcript, 2 of 4), 1991 Description An account of the resource Interview of Bill Schaper by filmmaker Frank Boring for the documentary Fei Hu: The Story of the Flying Tigers. Bill Schaper was Crew Chief for the American Volunteer Group (AVG) 1st Squadron "Adam and Eves." He joined the AVG in 1941 after serving in the US Army as a Staff Sergeant in the 77th Pursuit Squadron. It was his responsibility to maintain the aircrafts. In this tape, Schaper discusses describes his first impressions of Rangoon and Toungoo, in addition to the effect the news of Pearl Harbor had on the AVG. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Boring, Frank (interviewer) Christopher, Frank (director) Fei Hu Films Subject The topic of the resource Oral history United States--History, Military China--History, Military Veterans China. Kong jun. American Volunteer Group World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/540">Fei Hu Films research and production files (RHC-88)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9868e509d3643277ab54c065fae44541.mp4 bb3329d557c30d63191fe8f44b5c1dbe https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8c2ad6cd67faa949bb15e0d406728d9e.pdf c77c0193381afb9f21cf2039596a6827 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives RHC-88 Fei Hu Films Flying Tigers Interviews Interviewer: Frank Boring Interviewee: Wilfred “Bill” Schaper Date of Interview: 04-23-1991 Transcriber: Frank Boring [TAPE 3] BILL SCHAPER: When Chennault asked me to take the convoy to Kunming whatever we could salvage out of Rangoon. I had a British driver with me and they gave us that, you saw that map I had, that was it. We were told to go a certain direction to avoid being ambushed. I don't know how long it took, it must have taken a week to get up there. That's the movies I got there, I took some pictures. Switch backs. FRANK BORING: Describe to us the roads and the conditions. Why don't you talk about the plane, okay? BILL SCHAPER: What, the Stinson 105? FRANK BORING: Yeah. BILL SCHAPER: I took that plane up. FRANK BORING: We don't know what plane that is. BILL SCHAPER: When we left Rangoon I had a Stinson 105 on the back of my truck. And we got it up to Kunming and after Kunming I ditched it in the woods. Figure that we'd get it flying. But in the meantime I got transferred to Kweilin or moved around and I lost it there. �Somebody else took it over. I heard later that from the Allison representative that they had it flying and they were using it locally. FRANK BORING: Could you describe again how you got the plane in the truck because we didn't have the tape on then with the bolts falling out in the back. BILL SCHAPER: The Stinson 105 belonged to the premiere of Burma, name of Usaw. And I figured well, everybody is salvaging sewing machines, guns, ammunition, bolts of cloth, I'd take the airplane and could make a buck. I put the airplane… the airplane fit on the back of the International. I had with a board sticking out the back to hold the tail skin and I towed a jeep. I don't remember how long it took to get up there but a week or ten days probably. FRANK BORING: What were the conditions of the Burma Road? Can you describe for us what the Burma Road was like? BILL SCHAPER: Lock could tell you more about that, Bob Locke. But going up the Burma Road to get to the north end of Burma over the mountains was a lot of switch backs, I know because I was towing a jeep I had to forward and back at least 6 times to get around a curve. I mean they were tight. Nothing like you got here, these are easy. One time McClure came late to camp one night and I said where the hell you been, Mac? I lost a generator, well how you'd get the generator fixed. This is a true story now, he said well, there was a bunch of Limey's camped out for tea down at the river and the trucks were parked up on the road so I took one off their truck and put it on mine. McClure, you'll meet McClure over the 4th of July probably. When Rangoon was being bombed those of us out at the airfield all had a jeep and a tommy gun. We were invited by the guy that own a big department store that receipt I have there and he said take whatever you want. He gave some of the pilots the keys to the �wine cellar and the liquor store. Oh, I know I had about 4 cases of dry sack. I got that as far as Chungking I think. Yeah. FRANK BORING: Can you described somewhat the [?] at that time? I mean you're going down the streets with a jeep and a tommy gun? BILL SCHAPER: I know one thing - we have a jeep race around there until 2 in the morning sometimes. Did anybody else tell you that, too? No? You ever been to Rangoon? FRANK BORING: No, I've never been to Rangoon. BILL SCHAPER: Well, it’s a big pagoda gold plated on the middle of town. We'd go down there and run around. That's about it. That was a circus before we got blown out there. FRANK BORING: From Rangoon where did you go next? BILL SCHAPER: I took the convoy from Rangoon to Chungking. FRANK BORING: When did you finally arrive in Chungking? BILL SCHAPER: There was a guy up there he was our Provost Marshall. What the hell was his name? Those of us that had come up with the convoy had a bunch of what we called loot. And he was confiscating everything we could [?]. We had, I had this plane, but about 3 days before we got to Kunming we decided to put everything on a truck and then hid the truck. We were scavengers, first class. Wouldn't you know that damn truck burned up? FRANK BORING: Who was this Provost Marshall? BILL SCHAPER: I... give me the rooster I could look at it. What the hell was his name? McCarty, no it was an Irish name. He was one of Chennault's staff with John Williams. �FRANK BORING: Greenlaw? BILL SCHAPER: No, it was Greenlaw, Williams, Chennault, I don't know. Oh, he got into so many goddamn fights up there you couldn't believe it. He was a pain in the ass. I never knew him personally, but those other guys had personal contact with him. FRANK BORING: Did you have any contacts with Harvey or Olga? BILL SCHAPER: No. You'd have to talk to Boyington, but he's dead. He was shacked up with her I think. So I've been told. FRANK BORING: Tell us about Bob Locke and maybe about his leopard kitten. BILL SCHAPER: Oh, he could tell you more about that. FRANK BORING: Oh, yeah, he has. BILL SCHAPER: He went over as a prop man. Bob Locke went over as a prop man and he was shuttling supplies back and forth and he picked up this leopard. I was quite surprised when he came up with that. FRANK BORING: Did you have any contact with the leopard at all? BILL SCHAPER: No. We got some pictures of him somewhere. FRANK BORING: Let's go to Chungking now. What were your duties there basically the same as before. BILL SCHAPER: Yeah. Maintenance. We got there it was pretty well blown up. I don't know how long we stayed here. A week maybe. FRANK BORING: Then from there where did you go? �BILL SCHAPER: Back to Kunming I think. From Chungking to Kunming stayed there a while and went to Kweilin. That's when I think after Kweilin is when the Air Force came in. That was the end. FRANK BORING: Did you witness first hand any of the bombing of the Chinese cities? BILL SCHAPER: Kunming, yeah. We get into Kunming. FRANK BORING: That would be good if you could tell us anything about the city damage, description of the bombing. BILL SCHAPER: In Kunming I can recall an incidence or two where they would pick up bodies and throw them in the back of a flatbed like cord wood and take them out and bury them. FRANK BORING: What kind of effect did that have on you? BILL SCHAPER: Don't bother me. FRANK BORING: Did you, I mean, what effect did it have, knowledge that the Chinese were pretty much defenseless at this time. The Japanese just bombing them. Did you have any did you feel anything about the Japanese? BILL SCHAPER: No. Probably pissed off, but other than that, I mean, what the hell at that time you… FRANK BORING: The first time AVG went into combat was in December of 1941. Do you recall that first day when they came back after shooting down the airplanes, the bombers in Kunming? BILL SCHAPER: Yeah, that was. I guess you call it a day of joy. I guess it renewed a confidence in a lot of people. After that first shoot up. �FRANK BORING: Do you remember when the planes first came in I mean there was some anticipation because you knew they were going up into battle. BILL SCHAPER: I don't recall. FRANK BORING: OK. Do you remember a man they called Herman the German. BILL SCHAPER: Very well! Gerhard Neumann was a very good friend of mine. He came to work with me in Kunming in the heavy maintenance because he was a graduate engineer of the best schools in Germany. He had a garage in Kunming. And he told me the history. He had his mother, his wife and a Pekinese dog. Come to think of it I don't know where the hell they lived in Kunming. But he and I became very well acquainted. FRANK BORING: How did he come to the AVG? BILL SCHAPER: He was an aeronautical engineer from Germany who immigrated, his parents, his dad died in a concentration camp they went Israel, Israel they immigrated to China. His wife, the Pekinese dog and his mother and Gerhard. I got a lot of pictures… quite a few pictures him and the dog and his mother. In fact he would appreciate a copy if they’re still good. FRANK BORING: What was the effect of having, I mean you are all Americans there. What was the effect of having a German come in and start working. BILL SCHAPER: We were not at war with Germany yet. This? Pearl Harbor. He was the hardest working guy I ever worked for. Worked with. FRANK BORING: What were you saying about [?] Individuals in the AVG that you became good friends with? �BILL SCHAPER: Gerhard Neumann was one. Johnny Carter, I don't know what the hell happened to him. Overly. FRANK BORING: You were talking about that expression that Gerhard used about divorce… We were up in Chungking I think, he said Bill, he introduced me to Chinese cooking by the way. We're telling about Gerhard Neumann, he spoke fluent Chinese, he said Bill, I want to tell you something, he had a problem with his I didn't know what the reason was, he got a Chinese divorce, he said I'm the only German Jew with a Chinese divorce. Things that you remember, you know. BILL SCHAPER: FRANK BORING: Yeah. BILL SCHAPER: I got quite a few picture of him in that can there. FRANK BORING: Come back to Sandell. Did you get to know him? BILL SCHAPER: No, we was quite aloof. He was my C.O. FRANK BORING: Talk about that and use his name. BILL SCHAPER: We talk about Sandell. We never had any personal contacts because he was my C.O. and the last time I saw him was in Rangoon when he climbed in that P-40 and never came back. FRANK BORING: How did you feel, when a guy gets into an airplane like that and you basically put it together… was there some kind of a feeling? BILL SCHAPER: None. Remorse? FRANK BORING: Not so much remorse but just responsibility. BILL SCHAPER: No. I put enough planes together that I got compliments from most of the pilots, but he had that, I'm only going my heresy, but he had �the problem with the problem he had in Rangoon he had once before and survived. Not being a pilot I don't know, you know. FRANK BORING: How did you feel about the pilots? How did they feel about you? Did you get along with them all? BILL SCHAPER: I got along with everybody. Yeah. FRANK BORING: Did you associated with pilots or did you… BILL SCHAPER: Oh, yeah, we mingled all together. We had basketball, baseball games between us. And Pete Atkinson who got killed over there was a good personal friend of mine. He was my engineering officer and he was quite a basketball player. I had a little bit… we put a team together. I think, no, he wasn't with us. Up in Chungking it was. It was an Olympic team against a bunch of crews, us dummies you know. They wiped our ass pretty good. FRANK BORING: Can you describe for us the difference between life in the military and life in the AVG? BILL SCHAPER: The difference between in the military and after we got to Toungoo, rank didn't mean anything. We were all equal. It was quite a surprise for me and some people I think might have taken advantage of it. But, myself, we just common laborers, common people, you know? We were all civilians in fact. FRANK BORING: What about discipline, showing up to work on time and all that kind of stuff? BILL SCHAPER: I never had a problem with discipline, myself. There were a few incidences where we had some guys that couldn't handle it--booze. And I think when Chennault got wind of that he sent them home -a couple of them. That was in Toungoo, that was quite a surprise. I was with the second group that came over, the largest group on the �Jaegersfontein. We had 2 or 3 groups come over later. Second and third group. But some of those guys were kooky. FRANK BORING: You did make some friends while you were there. Was there anybody that got shot down or died that had a particular effect on you? BILL SCHAPER: Pete Atkinson. FRANK BORING: Can you tell us a little bit about that? BILL SCHAPER: Well, it was on a Sunday morning I think it was. I was working that morning when Pete took off and he buzzed Toungoo area and he split the airplane in half. He went out at the bottom. I think, that's what I've been told. It was confirmed because I went over and picked him up. I picked up the remains of the airplane. It is so many years back you forget you known. FRANK BORING: Are there any particular incidents that stick out from that particular period of time? Anything that incidents, or people. What do you remember the most? BILL SCHAPER: In Toungoo? FRANK BORING: Anytime in AVG. BILL SCHAPER: A lot of hard work. What I remember the most was just work dawn to dark every day. FRANK BORING: Do you consider that a good period of your life? BILL SCHAPER: Enjoyed it, yeah. Do you think those kids in Arabia had fun, shit they don't know nothing. They were only gone what 6 months. FRANK BORING: How long were you actually out there? �BILL SCHAPER: I was the last to leave whenever we left. I volunteered for the next 2 weeks then myself and a couple of others we got a ride to on a DC3 to Calcutta. That was an experience. You could get a house boy there for 1 rupee a day which was 26 cents I think. We stayed in Calcutta a week. I was debating whether to go work CNAC. I had offers to go to work for CNAC at the time. All kinds of Letters and some of the fellows like Rossi and those went. But I elected to go home. I didn't want to go back into the military. So I hitchhiked by air transport across India to Karachi then I caught the… we had a ticket on the Mariposa. We had to pay our own way back. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Flying Tigers Interviews and Films Subject The topic of the resource Oral history United States--History, Military China--History, Military Veterans China. Kong jun. American Volunteer Group World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, Chinese World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Description An account of the resource Collection contains original 1940s films and interviews conducted in the 1990s, documenting the history of the American Volunteer Group (AVG) "Flying Tigers." The Flying Tigers were organized by the United States to aid China during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Original filmstrips were recorded by AVG crewmen Joe Gasdick and Chuck Misenheimer, as well as Chinese Air Force Interpreter P.Y. Shu, who was assigned to assist Col. Claire Chennault as he trained Chinese pilots and established the AVG. Interviews with members of the American Volunteer Group (AVG) “Flying Tigers” were conducted by Frank Boring for the documentary film Fei Hu: The Story of the Flying Tigers, which he co-produced with Frank Christopher under the production company Fei Hu Films. The AVG Flying Tigers were a group of American aviators, mechanics, medical and administrative military personnel, led by Col. Claire Chennault to assist the Chinese Air Force in their defense against Japanese air strikes from 1941-1942. The AVG Flying Tigers also flew in defense of the Burma Road, a major Chinese military supply route. The group disbanded and returned to regular U.S. military service after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Boring, Frank Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/540">Fei Hu Films Research and Production Files (RHC-88)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1938/1991 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Fei Hu Films Christopher, Frank Gasdick, Joseph Misenheimer, Charles V. P.Y. Shu Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4; application/pdf Language A language of the resource English; Chinese Type The nature or genre of the resource video; text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-88 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-1945 World War II Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Moving Image A series of visual representations imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. Examples include animations, movies, television programs, videos, zoetropes, or visual output from a simulation. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-88_Schaper_Bill_1991-04-23_v03 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Schaper, Wilfred E. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991-04-23 Title A name given to the resource Bill Schaper interview (video and transcript, 3 of 4), 1991 Description An account of the resource Interview of Bill Schaper by filmmaker Frank Boring for the documentary Fei Hu: The Story of the Flying Tigers. Bill Schaper was Crew Chief for the American Volunteer Group (AVG) 1st Squadron "Adam and Eves." He joined the AVG in 1941 after serving in the US Army as a Staff Sergeant in the 77th Pursuit Squadron. It was his responsibility to maintain the aircrafts. In this tape, Schaper discusses describes the conditions of the Burma Road and his experience witnessing the bombing of Kunming, in addition to the differences between life in the military and the AVG. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Boring, Frank (interviewer) Christopher, Frank (director) Fei Hu Films Subject The topic of the resource Oral history United States--History, Military China--History, Military Veterans China. Kong jun. American Volunteer Group World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/540">Fei Hu Films research and production files (RHC-88)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/98826c8a8d753d406d2f9bfbbe2de721.mp4 7f84a0ec9dd4a6ed95dd0b9958feda01 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/21d1103bceb8e53cd3ba12fa583eb562.pdf 5108283b6193b57fbb4c265808ef532b PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives RHC-88 Fei Hu Films Flying Tigers Interviews Interviewer: Frank Boring Interviewee: Wilfred “Bill” Schaper Date of Interview: 04-23-1991 Transcriber: Frank Boring [TAPE 4] FRANK BORING: Tell us about the last days of the AVG before they asked you about the 2 weeks. What was morale like, what were you thinking about at that time? BILL SCHAPER: I never had a problem with morale, not myself. I get along with them all. When they asked for volunteers to stay another two weeks I volunteered. Chennault said he see that we got back, but you were on your own at that time. FRANK BORING: What was your impression of Chennault? BILL SCHAPER: I had no personal contact with him. Except to listen to him talk once in a while. You had to admire the old man, he was gutsy. FRANK BORING: Do you feel in any way that you were promised passage back and you didn't get that. BILL SCHAPER: That didn't bother me. FRANK BORING: Let me ask you what did you do after you got to India? You said you were… BILL SCHAPER: We caught a DC3 out of Kunming. It was an air transport it might have been CNAC I don't remember and got to Calcutta, I think I �stayed in Calcutta a week That film that I have I sent it was raw film at the time not processed I found out thru Kodak that I could send that to Bombay and pick it up in Bombay when I got to Bombay which was 2 weeks down the road. That's what I did. And when I got to Karachi, I got on board the Mariposa, went to Bombay, I went to the Kodak and the film was ready. We went to Cape Town, I think we were in Cape Town, one day, two days and then a week later in New York. FRANK BORING: How did it feel to be home? BILL SCHAPER: Let me tell you. When you see the Statute of Liberty for the first time it brings tears to your eyes after a year, year and a half. Later on I could recall that watching these people with no patriotism at all. They had no idea what a war was. I'm talking about civilians over here. It burned my ass believe me. FRANK BORING: How did people react to you being in the AVG when you got back? BILL SCHAPER: They gave us a hero’s welcome, we didn't have ticker tape parade. I got back, I was greeted in New York by Bob Neal he was already signed to fly with American Overseas which later became American Airlines. He offered me a job as a flight engineer on the boats between New York and England. I said no I'll take my chances and I went to work for Allison. Opportunity was a good word for Pratt & Whitney, right? Lockheed, but being from Chicago I went to Indianapolis and about that time we got married 1942. FRANK BORING: How did you react to the newspapers? BILL SCHAPER: They were always on your back. Guest appearances here and there, selling war bonds, you know. After about 2 weeks of that I went to work. �FRANK BORING: To wrap everything up I sort of like you to look back a bit. What do you feel you personally accomplished during that period of time? BILL SCHAPER: I saved a few bucks. Nothing, it was just a job as far as I was concerned. I don't go gun ho over heroics and all that. FRANK BORING: Let me ask you in a difference context, now that you are at this point in your life and you been to the [?] reunions and you've read the books whatnots and maybe even seen the John Wayne movie whatever. Where do you think personally AVG fits into all this? BILL SCHAPER: I've been told the AVG fits a piece of history - that's all. FRANK BORING: How do you personally react to that? BILL SCHAPER: I don't have any reaction for it either one way or the other. It just happened that's all. No difference than these kids in Saudi Arabia. It was an experience and you live through it. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Flying Tigers Interviews and Films Subject The topic of the resource Oral history United States--History, Military China--History, Military Veterans China. Kong jun. American Volunteer Group World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, Chinese World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Description An account of the resource Collection contains original 1940s films and interviews conducted in the 1990s, documenting the history of the American Volunteer Group (AVG) "Flying Tigers." The Flying Tigers were organized by the United States to aid China during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Original filmstrips were recorded by AVG crewmen Joe Gasdick and Chuck Misenheimer, as well as Chinese Air Force Interpreter P.Y. Shu, who was assigned to assist Col. Claire Chennault as he trained Chinese pilots and established the AVG. Interviews with members of the American Volunteer Group (AVG) “Flying Tigers” were conducted by Frank Boring for the documentary film Fei Hu: The Story of the Flying Tigers, which he co-produced with Frank Christopher under the production company Fei Hu Films. The AVG Flying Tigers were a group of American aviators, mechanics, medical and administrative military personnel, led by Col. Claire Chennault to assist the Chinese Air Force in their defense against Japanese air strikes from 1941-1942. The AVG Flying Tigers also flew in defense of the Burma Road, a major Chinese military supply route. The group disbanded and returned to regular U.S. military service after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Boring, Frank Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/540">Fei Hu Films Research and Production Files (RHC-88)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1938/1991 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Fei Hu Films Christopher, Frank Gasdick, Joseph Misenheimer, Charles V. P.Y. Shu Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4; application/pdf Language A language of the resource English; Chinese Type The nature or genre of the resource video; text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-88 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-1945 World War II Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Moving Image A series of visual representations imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. Examples include animations, movies, television programs, videos, zoetropes, or visual output from a simulation. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-88_Schaper_Bill_1991-04-23_v04 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Schaper, Wilfred E. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991-04-23 Title A name given to the resource Bill Schaper interview (video and transcript, 4 of 4), 1991 Description An account of the resource Interview of Bill Schaper by filmmaker Frank Boring for the documentary Fei Hu: The Story of the Flying Tigers. Bill Schaper was Crew Chief for the American Volunteer Group (AVG) 1st Squadron "Adam and Eves." He joined the AVG in 1941 after serving in the US Army as a Staff Sergeant in the 77th Pursuit Squadron. It was his responsibility to maintain the aircrafts. In this tape, Schaper discusses discusses the last days of the AVG and his experience returning to the United States along with the hero's welcome they received. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Boring, Frank (interviewer) Christopher, Frank (director) Fei Hu Films Subject The topic of the resource Oral history United States--History, Military China--History, Military Veterans China. Kong jun. American Volunteer Group World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/540">Fei Hu Films research and production files (RHC-88)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6242646164257d2f39d66bd74c3811c1.jpg 2b6609e7c4c85c68878c748516204a4e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1960s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000177 Title A name given to the resource Bill Seidman (center) with 1963-1964 college catalog Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Woods Photo Description An account of the resource Bill Seidman (center) and other administrators with delivery of first 1963-1964 college catalog. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges College administrators Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1963 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/90b7a27150172b24fb4f1e74fedacabe.jpg 389f169c25b32a7c000b36aef05cb4e7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1960s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000530 Title A name given to the resource Bill Seidman with Allendale businessmen Description An account of the resource From left to right, Allendale businessmen Keith Baker, Bill Seidman, Marinus DeYoung, Clare Piersma, Bill Kennedy, and John Sall Allendale township official. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges College administrators Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/90001d364f164f88542529ee68e0e3f5.jpg 15a50077707f5f1eb483beb5a9cabef4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_L007-0009a Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971-01-25 Title A name given to the resource Billboard in Chicago, Illinois Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a billboard hanging above a parking lot in Chicago, Illinois. The billboard features a large headshot of a young woman next to the words, "Swing In, 3 Days, 2 Nights, 37..." and is positioned next to a sign for the parking lot which reads, "Parking 50 cents first half hour, two dollar maximum, Saturdays one dollar all day." Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Chicago (Ill.) Billboards--Illinois--Chicago Parking lots--Illinois--Chicago Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives