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                    <text>Grand Valley State University
Veterans History Project
James Porter
(00:39:20)
Childhood, Schooling, Manhattan Project Helper, Enlistment In The Navy
• (00:23) Porter was born and raised in Chicago, Illinois, on the south side, in 1926
•

(00:36) his father died when he was a baby; he was thirty-three years old when he
died of tuberculosis

•

(00:47) his mother's boyfriend from before she married his father "showed up at
the wake," and they married two months later
he was an automobile mechanic, a union member, a millwright—Porter himself
was a member of the same union, as a carpenter

•
•
•

(01:27) Porter had five siblings: there were three boys "by" his father; by his
stepfather, there was another boy, a girl, then another boy
there were six kids in his family, and six in his mother's family

•

(02:00) Porter went to Chicago Vocational High School, from which he graduated
in 1944; it is a trade school, "all boys"; they had "ammunition, maintenance
school, automobile school, machinist" [Porter was "taking machinist" at the time]

•

(03:00) in his fourth year of high school, he attended school for half a day
because he worked: "sooner or later" he was put into a machine shop

•

(03:14) in his fourth year, seven or eight of those in the machine shop ended up
working for the US government at the University of Chicago
they did not know what they were doing until after the war—"helpin’ the
Manhattan Project"
the “young guys” usually got the "dirty" jobs: cutting the different diameters and
lengths of graphite rods
the men that worked there, the journeymen, with twelve years of drawing, "they
didn't know why they were making it"

•
•
•
•

(04:30) Porter worked at U of C in 1944, during his third and fourth years in high
school; he go paid a dollar an hour—his stepfather was "only getting $1.25"

•

***he probably worked at U of C in both 1943 and 1944, because he stated earlier
that he graduated in ‘44***

•

(05:09) [when asked by the interviewer] Porter did not remember anything
specifically about Pearl Harbor day—"but I can remember when it was over"

�•

0:05:40 [when they were seventeen or eighteen years old] they all thought they
would be drafted and "that's why I went in the navy"; he enlisted on October 10,
1944

Basic Training
• (06:03) Porter went to Great Lakes Naval Station [the Naval Training Station in
Great Lakes, IL]; he picked the navy so he "wouldn't have to go in the mud"
o he had fireman, engineering training
•

(06:42) Porter was at Great Lakes for eight weeks, ten weeks, or perhaps fifteen
weeks; he went through basic and then interim training, and he was a fireman first
class when he came out

In The Navy, Japan And The Philippines
• (06:56) he was sent to the Pacific; at Ulithi [Federated States of Micronesia,
Caroline Islands] he “picked up” the ship he had been assigned to
•

(07:16) he departed from Shoemaker, California; he was “awful sick” during the
first few days; the trip took perhaps “a couple of weeks”; the ship was about 450
feet long; they had a “small complement” of 150 people; he “took care of,”
operated the boilers

•

(08:32) they had just left Iwo Jima when he picked up his ship

•

(09:10) “the crew was me against the whole East Coast”; he was the only one
from the Midwest, and it was hard to get along with them—he never got out of his
hold

•

(10:23) they “pulled up” at a small island where they planned to have a “beer
party”; it was empty, the Japanese had gone, but there were caves
walking around, they noticed ammunition and big “no smoking” signs
they entered the caves and saw General Electric motors: “the Japs had all kinds
of our stuff”—stolen or bought

•
•
•
•

(11:15) everywhere Porter went, he met someone he knew from Chicago
in San Francisco, they took a Liberty ship to Shoemaker; walking around, he
encountered a paratroop in an army uniform whom he knew

•

(11:50) out in the Marianas [Northern Mariana Islands] they were going to refuel
from one of their tankers—he did “the operations” when they were about to “take
off on a tanker”
his position was outside on the first deck, only eight feet above the water
he heard someone calling his name—he looked down onto the main deck [of the
tanker], and “taking care of the oil” was a guy he went to high school with

•
•
•

(13:04) but the people on Porters ship were “all from the East”; the “closest”

�Porter thought was from Philadelphia, lots from Rhode Island

•
•

(13:26) Porter forgot the names of islands “we didn’t fight at” but they went to
the Philippines
Manila was secure, but it “stunk”—“everybody was cookin”
lots of guys went ashore on liberty, drank whisky, and they got “awful sick”—
they were piled up on the dock; it was whisky made “over there,” they were
unused to it, it was “different”

•

(14:43) he thinks they went to Okinawa, the only battle he was in, but in the
“fireroom” he never got to see who was shooting what

•

(15:05) one of the guys yelled that the “old man” [the skipper] did not want
anyone to fire the big gun [5”38] on the back end of the ship [Porter displays a
picture]
-the skipper said “I don’t want anybody firing that gun”

•

•
•

(15:44) Porter left his “watch” to see what was going on; he lights were all out
inside and outside of the ship and the Japanese were making Kamikaze raids

•

0:15:59 he opened the hatch and peeked out and saw an AP [auxiliary passenger]
ship whereupon they had fired their 5/38 off the stern, alerting the Japanese
just then a Kamikaze came down, into the fantail on that other ship, and it went
poof

•
•
•
•
•

(16:43) they went down to the Philippines again, this time to Mindanao, in
August of 1945
they were out in a canoe in the dark and “all of the sudden all kinds of shooting
starts”; but it was “our ship”—it [the war] was over
they got back and everybody was drunk, the skipper was probably drunk”
Porter knows who dropped the bombs—“one of them anyhow”—someone in his
extended family

•

(18:23) from the Philippines they retuned to Okinawa, and then went on to Japan;
in Tokyo Bay they pulled up to the dock at Yokohama

•
•
•

(18:59) the ship next to Porter’s was his uncle’s
the uncle “said he was comin’ over” but they did not let him go
the engineering officer on Porter’s ship offered to “see if the old man” would let
Porter go ashore—this was not accomplished until they were ready to leave the
dock

•

(19:47) Porter got his pass, and the “old man” [skipper] told him if he did not get
back [in time], he would be stuck there and considered AWOL; Porter took a
small boat to shore and got off to see his uncle

�•
•
•
•

•
•
•
•
•
•

(20:07) “they had just come back from fixing the only building standing”—a
convent—they [the Americans] put the electricity back in for them
there were no other buildings left in Yokohama: it was flat as a table top and
burned out
(20:31) Porter and his uncle chatted for a couple of hours, and Porter went back to
his ship; then a typhoon hit
aboard ship anchored in a bay, “you’re supposed to have an anchor watch”;
apparently nobody watched, and they “were gettin’ blown dragging anchor all
over”
(21:05) their orders in the “fireroom” were to not answer bells; someone “up
there” was ringing and wanted to get moving
finally the skipper came down and told them “do what you’re told”: they built up
the fire and the engines were started; they got power back
they “chopped off” some other ship’s anchor chain, however, when their screws
started turning
(21:47) among the other ships anchored there was an LST; an LST has inner and
outer doors—Porter’s ship tore off one of its outer doors in passing it—“our guys
were watching”
one of their chiefs climbed out on “this half a door,” put a chain around the outer
half of the door and managed to close it
“they were safe after that, we didn’t even hurt out ship”

•

(22:33) after a couple more days they were gone; they ended up going back to the
United States a couple of months afterward; this was when the treaties were
signed with Japan [the Japanese]

•

(22:52) that LST, when they came back to the US three months later—Porter’s
ship was pulling up, and the guys that had been on deck and had seen what had
happened [the door accident], recognized the number on the other ship
they were docking next to it, and the guys on Porter’s ship said “those guys are
gonna kill us”
as they pulled in “the whole crew of that LST was cheering for us”; they went
“straight home after that” [the accident], and it took them eight weeks to get to the
US—an LST “does only about ten knots,” and that LST may have done only
about five, from the Philippines

•
•

•
•
•

(23:44) Porter came straight to the US from Japan—it took them three weeks, but
they did not go much faster [than the other LST]—fourteen knots
his ship did twenty knots on a “shake-down” when it was newly built, “three
weeks later it could only get fourteen, fifteen knots”
(24:15) Porter went out in the Pacific in January and came back in September—so
he was in the Pacific the better part of a year

�•
•
•

(24:31) he was “hot to trot” to get home to his girlfriend; when he got back home,
he had a thirty-day leave, then was reassigned to a new ship and spent another
year overseas
when he enlisted, it was for the duration of the war plus one year, and he almost
reached that extra one year, nine months of it, when he got discharged
(25:30) there was an “all different” crew on the new ship; he was again a fireman;
he forgot the places they went because he was, as he explained, “just biding my
time”; there was no combat

Family And Relatives In The Military
• (25:58) his wife’s brother was killed in North Africa—he went to college and
then enlisted; “he was “first generation in this country, and he got killed in a tank”
•

(26:27) every male in Porter’s family has been in the service

•

(26:32) he had a brother a year older than himself who was in the Air Force, the
Seventh Air Force in Italy—twice he was shot down, but did not get “scratched”

•

(26:48) Porter’s Uncle Jack had two younger brothers, one in the Marines and one
in the air corps [US Army Air Corps, which became the Air Force]
the one in the Marines was in “every battle in the Pacific”
his brother Ray was in the Air Force; he was not a pilot but he was “on the
Boxcar,” the plane [B-29 bomber] that carried the bomb that was dropped on
Nagasaki

•
•

***“Ray” was probably Staff Sergeant Ray Gallagher, gunner and assistant flight
engineer on the Boxcar during that flight.”
•

(27:40) Porter’s next brother passed away while he was a young man; he was in
the Air Force during the Korean War, assigned to headquarters and he spent three
and a half years “over there”

***it could be assumed that this brother was one of the three sons of Porter’s mother’s
first husband, as is the one who got shot down over Italy who was older than Porter***
•


(27:58) he had a “crazy” brother, a younger half-brother who joined the army, a
“twenty-year-man”; he had five children, four boys and a girl and he served in
Vietnam
this guys younger brother, Porter’s “other youngest brother,” also went to
Vietnam, but he was in the navy

Back To Civilian Life: Mr. Porter’s Career At Commonwealth Edison, His Family
• (28:42) Porter left the service in 1946 and came home; there were no jobs left at
the university—“that was all washed up

�•

(28:56) “years later,” Porter read in the newspaper about a guy talking about
lithium; he got tricked once: there was a big block that looked like iron on a
bench; Porter thought he could lift it even if it weighed two hundred pounds, so he
tried to pick it up and almost fell on his back—it actually weighed “only about
two pounds” and he had braced himself for much more—it was beryllium; after
he saw this in the paper, he thought that “this could be me,” but he also read in the
paper that you had to be machining or grinding it and the dust was poisonous, so
he “never did that”

•

(30:20) he waited a year, and then he and his wife got married, but he did not
have a job the day before they married; he was a carpenter, and it was “off
season”
when they came back from the honeymoon, he did not tell his wife he did not
have a job; he went down to the union hall, and he “went right back to work”
six months later, at Christmas time, he got laid off again—there was “no way I
could avoid telling her”; he was talked into working for Commonwealth Edison—
forty-one years later, he quit




(31:19) what he did at Commonwealth Edison: he started out in the storage division of
the purchasing department; he then moved into the “power plant”, the power generating
station
(31:46) he married in 1947 and started at Commonwealth Edison in 1948; in 1955, they
bought their first house
(31:58) they did not have their first girl until 1951, and three years later, they had a son;
three years later, they had another girl; “somewhere in between,” maybe it was five years
later—he had four girls and two boys
 now he has four granddaughters and four grandsons
(32:37) in 1989 Porter retired; he ended up in a nuclear plant; he transferred into quality
assurance in 1975, and the family moved to Rockford, Illinois—they [he and his wife]
were “done having children then”
 quality assurance “got to be too much for me”—he enjoyed it at first but it got to
be “a pain in the neck”
Vacation And Travel, Summers In Wisconsin
• (33:54) “what have I been doing with my time?” when his wife was “still
around,” he was not retired yet—[Porter showed the interviewer a picture of
President Truman’s home in Missouri] “bet you never guess whose house that
is”—“his name’s Harry”
•

(34:31) the Porter’s had a summer home in northwestern Wisconsin: they still go
there in the summers, but not to their place—they sold it because “it costs too
much money now” [to maintain, it could be assumed, or to live there on a more

�limited income—pensions and social security]
•

(34:47) Porter and his wife traveled in Europe, after he retired they went to
Europe “a couple of times, went to Ireland”; the only place they did not like was
France, or parts of it—the people were “lousy,” in Porter’s opinion, “worse than
rude”

•

(35:09) they were in Monaco, and a certain gambling casino was not “open” to
gamblers at the moment, but “open” to tourists; the uniformed guards knocked
womens’ hats off and took their purses, telling them they had to “check in” the
purses first

Porter’s Stepfather And The French
• (35:39) the “first experience” Porter had with the French was his stepfather, who
told them that his family [meaning French] “was here” [the US] before theirs
[Porter’s], since1772
• Porter told him “you were supposed to help us with that war against the English,
but all you ever did was desert your own army”; his stepfather was both French
and Irish
•

(36:15) Porter “never realized” that his stepfather had “quite a temper” until a
cousin of his told him about it: the man hated Porter’s father because he had been
his mother’s boyfriend before she married Porter’s father, and he beat up his dad
before their wedding

No Navy Reunions
• (36:57) Porter has never gone to any navy reunions, but has belonged to the
American Legion for fifty-five years or fifty-four [as of the time of the interview]:
Commonwealth Edison Post 118
Retired And Moving Again
• (37:19) "I'm not gonna be here [Michigan] much longer either; my son's leavin',
he's gotta move." Porter does not have anybody, there is nobody up here for
him—"my family's pretty much spread around"
 he used to have a relative in California, but that relative died
 grandson in Atlanta, Georgia
 his youngest brother is in Wythe, White, Georgia, "out in the country"
 his other daughter is in Memphis; she has had "a lot of practice" moving: she has
moved seven times because of her husband's job
•

(38:33) “so I’ve gotta move again”; "I'm not gonna stay up here alone"

•

(38:39) [Porter, in response to a comment by the interviewer] “no this isn’t cold
here”; “it's cold in Chicago, but it's colder where I lived, out in the middle of
Illinois up by Wisconsin"

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The content of Jean's letters describes everyday life of a teenage schoolgirl living in Cleveland, Ohio, with her parents during the war, including frequent mentions of friends, popular songs, movies, pets, and cooking, and visits to Edward's family, and her love for Edward. Edward's letters to Jean mostly concentrate on sentiments of love and the hope of marriage after the war. He also describes experiences and duties as he undergoes training with a variety of weapons and ordnance, his singing with a USO show, requests for transfer to the U.S. Army Air Corps, his volunteering for parachute infantry training, and descriptions of Nagoya during the American occupation of Japan. Both correspondents mention the anniversary of their first meeting (27 August 1943), and often use the word "Someday" in quotation marks which seems to refer to the then-popular song "Someday You'll Want Me to Want You." There is constant good-natured joking from both about the 28 children they will have once they are married.&#13;
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ean ("Jeannie") Allaine Worthington was born on 1 November 1928 in Cleveland, Ohio. Her parents were Archibald ("Archie") Augusta Worthington (1896-1979), a tool worker, and Lena L. Fritchell (1904-1985); she had one younger sister, Shirley C. Worthington (1934-2012). In 1945 and 1946 she was living with her parents at 14247 Superior Road, Cleveland Heights, Ohio.&#13;
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She met Edward Manley on 27 August 1943 in Cleveland when she was 14 and he was 16, but it does not seem likely they attended the same school. During 1945 she was attending high school and had a job after school. There is no evidence that they subsequently married; in Cleveland in 1971 or 1972 she married John Krasnicki, Sr. (1906-1986), who was twenty-two years her senior. She died on 8 September 1994 in Garfield Heights and is buried in Lake View Cemetery in Cleveland.&#13;
&#13;
Edward ("Ned") Arthur Manley was born on 25 December 1926 in Montréal, Quebec, Canada. His parents were Patrick Sanfield Manley (1895-1952), advertising manager for a Cleveland newspaper and Leonarda Gallagher Manley (1896-1970); he had five siblings: Edith Manley McNamara (1928-1958), John Vincent (1930-1988), Narda Patricia Daly (1931-2007), Alicia Ann Gramuglia (1932-2006), and Patrick A. (1934-2011). The family emigrated from Canada to the United States in the 1930s and by 1940 were living in Cleveland.&#13;
&#13;
Edward Manley enlisted in the U.S. Army as Private on 15 February 1945 in Cleveland; that same day he entrained for the Army Reception Center at Camp Atterbury, Indiana. In late February he had been assigned to Company B, 30th Battalion, 3rd Regiment at the Infantry Replacement Training Center at Fort McClellan, Alabama. A request to be transferred to the Army Air Corps was turned down. After a twelve-day furlough, Edward was transferred in late July to Company B-1-1, Army Ground Forces Replacement Depot No. 3 at Fort Riley, Kansas for a few days before being passed on to 3rd Platoon, Company M, 4th Regiment, Army Ground Forces Replacement Depot No. 2 at Fort Ord, California. In early August he was placed in 1st Platoon, Casual Company 12 in preparation for shipping out to Japan for occupation duties. By 13 September he was in Luzon in the Philippines as part of the 666 Replacement Company, A.P.O. 291, shortly to be assigned to Battery B, 8th Field Artillery Battalion, A.P.O. 25. Edward arrived in Japan in early October and was assigned to an antitank Company in the 27th Infantry Regiment. By the end of June 1946 he was still in Japan, but he repeats a rumor that they would be coming back the United States in October 1946.&#13;
&#13;
Manley was discharged in October 1946 and returned to California to find that Jean was engaged to be married to a man named "Shorty." Manley lost contact with Jean shortly thereafter. By 1952 he had moved to Los Angeles, California and at some point married Antoinette T. Manley (born 1940). They had one son, Darren Anthony Manley (born 1984). Edward applied for naturalization on 17 May 1945 in Anniston, Alabama while he was stationed at Fort McClellan, and became a U.S. citizen on 19 May 1945.</text>
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