796 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/36009689782fc55650ea4f4baaa526df.jpg 4f83c334ea7fe01e3f41210bb7da7deb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_K212-0025a Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970-09-01 Title A name given to the resource Point Betsie Lighthouse, Michigan Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of Point Betsie Lighthouse located on the northeast shore of Lake Michigan in northern Michigan. In the photograph, a large Aspen tree is situated in the foreground with two rows of beach fencing leading back toward the lighthouse nestled among the coastal dunes. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Benzie County (Mich.) Lighthouses--Michigan Lighthouses--Michigan, Lake Shorelines--Michigan Shorelines--Michigan, Lake Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/615922d408ace56cb37e48a9ce4d3b63.jpg 2bc86712f73179a10156f5e6f499e3f5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_K213-0008a Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970-09-01 Title A name given to the resource Point Betsie Lighthouse, Michigan Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of Point Betsie Lighthouse located on the northeast shore of Lake Michigan in northern Michigan. In the photograph, the lighthouse is nestled among the coastal dunes, with beach fencing and dunegrass framing the building. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Lighthouses--Michigan Lighthouses--Michigan, Lake Shorelines--Michigan Shorelines--Michigan, Lake Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/92be3fd8ab05d42bd40e07d86818f85b.jpg 2e2c5121e267337283d9fd7d192adc94 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-Red-Misc-26 Title A name given to the resource Pointed Finger Description An account of the resource A black and white photo of a scene being performed at a diner table. A man in a suit points at a woman in a dress, who looks distressed. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Community theater Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file collected by the Kutsche Office of Local History from the Saugatuck Douglas History Center for the Stories of Summer project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3fe905be0cacfc61c17faebe727a0bcb.jpg e4658f404261946657a571de62021ab2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PoitrasRonald_Photo1 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Poitras, Ronald Description An account of the resource Ronald Poitras, Public Relations Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ff6fe76158a7ac4690dc4e33d07acea6.jpg 6a5b7d23a9b69a49adb84dd275d8567e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PoitrasRonald_Photo2 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Poitras, Ronald Description An account of the resource Ronald Poitras, Public Relations Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b07bac0e2de2aeccd35b67277997f013.jpg 1b3cafc758cd22f1088effe03024cbd7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_ProcessFilm_P_314 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944-06-11 Title A name given to the resource Polar chart Maya sun cycle Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of the Maya Sun Calendar Cycles, published by the Eugene Dietzen Co. of Chicago and New York. Subject The topic of the resource Maya calendar Maya astronomy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2cc07b0a752edf1c2c3a8507237669eb.jpg 9ba3a53dd7304646a49908872dc2efab Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-VanOss_Police-and-Child Title A name given to the resource Police and Child Description An account of the resource A black and white photo of a police officer and a young girl who stands next to him. They are both in front of a car. There is faint text written across the car, but it is illegible. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich.) Police Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file collected by the Kutsche Office of History as part of the Stories of Summer Project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0dee41385fcc90fc997abdf62532be24.jpg 07f53588928525eeae56436dc7c98d3b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-VanOss_Police-Officer Title A name given to the resource Police Officer Description An account of the resource A black and white photo of a man in a police hat who looks just past the camera. He stands in front of a car with the liscence plate "HV-8812." There is an IGA sign in the background. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich.) Police Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file collected by the Kutsche Office of History as part of the Stories of Summer Project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5a60088d22e1685e3e23e229af4f3760.jpg b71a7dc3a48fdd9527107ed9e6fa3164 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_G073-0015 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966-06 Title A name given to the resource Police Officer in Jedburgh, Scotland Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a police officer smoking a cigarette while seated on a cement lamppost across from the town's police station and courthouse in Jedburgh, Scotland. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Jedburgh (Scotland) Police Scotland Lampposts--Scotland Cigarettes Smoking Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/fbb40a9036c455a9d323e9721055ea6c.jpg 584439466832e1ef6ea4a45ebcda5605 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-70s-coll_0021 Title A name given to the resource Police Officer Points to Wall of Images Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a man who appears to be a police officer standing in front of collage of photographs. He is standing to his side and pointing with his left hand at one picture out of many which are pinned to the board on the wall behind him. The photographs appear to be of people and places of Saugatuck-Douglas. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich) Allegan County (Mich) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the Saugatuck Douglas History Center as part of the Stories of Summer project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8773a4b7ec2a3a26d3e6bfae7e2ef5af.jpg 89f1bbad1774c79b943bc533245c525c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PolichaKenneth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Policha, Kenneth Description An account of the resource Kenneth Policha Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/fd44768346a5012ee867cfedf99dc1bb.jpg 3a5eb96dcba31a2ec0377c165339e52c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_H093-0018a Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967-06-04 Title A name given to the resource Polish Democratic Club Headquarters, New York City Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a man standing in the balcony window of the Polish Democratic Club of Greater New York headquarters building. In the photograph, the man is eating a sandwich while standing next to an exterior sign for the club listing the building's location at 56 St. Marks Place in the East Village neighborhood of New York and the executive members' names of John J. Borus and Camille Kapusta. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Polish Americans--New York (State)--New York New York (N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0b74fe2d4cca69cae055faa520b8feca.jpg ade07a663c55577cffbdc3c9ccb83662 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1970s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_001454 Title A name given to the resource Polish kids in Krakow Description An account of the resource In August 1975, Grand Valley, in collaboration with the Grand Rapids Polish Heritage Society and the Grand Rapids School System, sponsored a study tour to the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Grand Valley State College Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Students International students Poland Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1975-08 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives color photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4a491837ecb9bb442fb9183b6c15a411.jpg 69329b93f6952b9085c08208979619c2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1970s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_001449 Title A name given to the resource Polish students greet American visitors Description An account of the resource In August 1975, Grand Valley, in collaboration with the Grand Rapids Polish Heritage Society and the Grand Rapids School System, sponsored a study tour to the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Grand Valley State College Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Students International students Poland Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1975-08 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives color photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/824eb47fac9721015455960d92cda4cd.jpg 9a8a96fe069b6cb17615063b335c21c6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1970s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_001462 Title A name given to the resource Polish writer Maria Kuncewicgowa with American visitors Description An account of the resource In August 1975, Grand Valley, in collaboration with the Grand Rapids Polish Heritage Society and the Grand Rapids School System, sponsored a study tour to the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Grand Valley State College Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Students International students Poland Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1975-08 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives color photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c467cede3b8dabada2bbe98a170a90ba.pdf 8d18148b3a364866188f8147298cd65d PDF Text Text LIB LGBT OnGOING CONFERENCE 100 Approved FEB. 10th Politics and Power: The 'Rules of Gender' and Their Intersections with 'The Rules of Race' 2270 KIRKHOF CENTER Our sexual identities, our gender identities and their expression, and our sexual orientations are interwoven with our identities of race; color; ethnicity; geographic provenance; economic class; physical, intellectual, and emotional attributes; philosophical and religious --- -- --beliefs; with·oor vocattons·and-careers;-with-ocrrvision -afld out mission~-~-- ·-- · J - , We experience empowerment and disempowerment through the actions of individuals and institutions in positions of power. Our lives and our liberties are at risk. Reflection on injustice must lead to action. . . .: . . . . ' . . . . . . : . ..- .'. .. .. ._ . . ·, : .-. : . ~ . . . ·• : .·.. : ·.· ... .~. -~ . •· .. . · --~. . . :_ . '. . ~ ;. .. ~ .• \. . .: .... . PLEASE CONTACT US IF YOU REQUIR[SPECIAL ·-:.-... ·< . :> ASSISSTANCE ORACCOMODATIONS-:·_.. ;_·\':<-." -··.C·:::-:· - · \_. ';_·:-: . A G W DVALLEY STATEUNIVERSITY SP AND TH LGBT RESOURCE F MULTICULTURA -.... _,_ ,;"",'.... � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Sexuality and Gender Flyers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center Women and Gender Studies Department Women's Commission Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity Description An account of the resource Digitized posters, flyers, event notices, and other materials relating to gender expression and sexuality at Grand Valley State University, with materials spanning from 1974 to 2019. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974/2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized from collections at the Rainbow Resource Center (formerly the Milton E. Ford LGBT Resource Center), Women and Gender Studies Department, Women's Commission, and Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Gender identity Gender expression Sexual orientation Women's studies Queer theory Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09_SGF_LGBTQ_2009_OnGoing-LGBT-Conference-Politics-&-Power-Poster.pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-02-10 Title A name given to the resource Politics and Power: The 'Rules of Gender' and their Intersections with 'The Rules of Race' Description An account of the resource Poster with a synopsis on the topic, and information of the event, including the place, time and date. The 2009 Race and LGBT event of the LGBT OnGoing Conference series. Subject The topic of the resource Sexual minorities Community centers Gender mainstreaming Civil rights Race relations Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Rainbow Resource Center Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f085fe0aba193fda1cee6c79aebb31a9.jpg 3da1a2bf8f13a7d36cd3495a925a304d https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/006d9ec8f6055b47c8ab62da0d82971a.jpg 889356aa66aa90f6d5fcab10b0d27cf5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Insel-Bücherei Series Description An account of the resource The German publishing company Insel Verlag was founded in 1899 by Anton Kippenberg in Leipzig. In its early years the firm only printed expensive, beautifully-produced volumes, until demand led to the publication of the more modest Insel-Bücherei series in 1912. Relatively inexpensive but with the same careful sense of design and typography, these smaller-format books reprinted shorter works from a variety of German, European, and world authors. The series numbers considerably more than a thousand titles and is still being issued. The Digital Collection contains the scanned covers of 140 titles held by Grand Valley State University Libraries. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1904-1987 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-05 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource ger Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-29 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-05_IB0349 Title A name given to the resource Politisches Gespräch Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1941 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-29 Description An account of the resource Cover of Politisches Gespräch, by Leopold von Ranke, published by Insel-Verlag, 1941. Insel-Bücherei Nr. 349 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books. Insel-Bücherei. Z315.I5 B83 no.349 Language A language of the resource de Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d4361f907353b2105e6136890823e61b.pdf 5c63bf2e98e436089b93e3392605e679 PDF Text Text . --~-\-r.-.ft.:~~::~-<9':JL:t;i . ~·...:.t.." . • r:, '-1~ . L .. ~ -·r ..._., .~·t;t~t ·,. -· .• ·.. { ( L ,_ ~ ;. ·: ·_: Polkton Township L : ..-. : .- ·- ,. . L. • I'- • •• \ • •.'I •,. • I \. . •• ~ • .. . ' • • • ' . · 1991 .: · j .. , , . . . • ., ; L . ..... . L .....• ..... '. . . ;: .. MASTER PLAN · · :. L .. ·. . . I • . .. ; • . ' L~ . .. . ·. . ~ L :_. :-._·. ''.:. ~' • , : ' ., • ., ... '\r' . -·--- L. ~~~~~~~~~~ - ===-~-~~=*~~. L ''. . •,. : . ' . '. L. ' .': .·.-' ·: ·.. . L . .. . '· , . . . I ' ' . • .. . 'I . ' ' . . I . . , :' ,• ' . ., •• ' , .• ,.. • • ~ O o . I• ' .. . ' L. . L.. L . ," WW E~gineering & Science"),.Vf �, I ·-· , .... L . (" I POLKTON TOWNSHIP r~ ·--I MASTER PLAN --- i l. r· l' l • I • L ,.., l ! ., TOWNSHIP BOARD Arthur Lucas, Supervisor Mary Ann Smoes, Clerk Merle Hecksel, Treasurer Lester Langeland Calvin Meinderstma Harold Sheridan Beverly Smoes PLANNING COMMISSION !. l f. ~ Harold Sheridan, Chairperson John S teenstra, Vice-Chairperson Suzanne Bos, Secretary David Busman Warren Walt Lyle Hanchett (former member) Melvin Veeneman (former member) -. I I L Adopted January, 1991 \ ~ Prepared with the Assistance of : WW Engineering & Science, Inc. Governmental Services Division 5555 Glenwood Hills Parkway SE Grand Rapids, MI 49588-0874 �, TABLE OF CONTENTS f Chapter 1. Page IN1RODUCTION ... ·. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Regional Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Natural Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 ,.... 3. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Economic Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3. EXISTING LAND USE ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Agricultural Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Residential Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Commercial Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Industrial Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Public and Semi-Public Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4. COMMUNITY FACil.JTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5. RECREATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 • 6. PLANNING ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Population Projections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Residential Land Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Commercial Land Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Industrial Land Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Parks and Recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 .-- 7. PLAN FORMULATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Goals and Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Plan Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 8. FUTURE LAND USE PLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 The Relationship of Planning and Zoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Development Staging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Land Use Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 9. IMPLEMENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Zoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Subdivision Ordinance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Capital Improvements Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Planning Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Public Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Revisfons to the Master Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 .... ~ 'i ,' I 1 •. I I 'I ; ,/ C • �,., I LIST OF TABLES Page Table I • 1 ,. 2 3 4 5 6 7 Population Growth 1940 - 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Population Growth Comparisons - Ottawa County . . . . . . . . ... 12 Income and Poverty Comparisons - 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Housing Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Polkton Township Property Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Polkton Township Development Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Ottawa County Population Projections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 ' < I •• I I LIST OF MAPS Map 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ' . Page Drainage Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Generalized Environmental Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Important Farmlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 P.A. 116 Farmland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Parcels Created by Section: 1980-1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Street Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Future Land Use Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 �INTRODUCTION ,... POLKTON TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN l I • l , ... i I ~ I . ..., ! I. ,- The fundamental purpose· of the Master Plan is to allow the Township to set down in a comprehensive manner the goals and objectives for its physical development. The Township Planning Ac 4 Public Act 168 of 1959, as amended, specifically gives Township Planning Commissions the authority to prepare and officially adopt a Master Plan. Once prepared, officially adopted and maintained, this Plan will serve as an advisory guide for the physical conservation of certain areas and for the development of other areas into the best possible living environment for present and future township residents. Because of the constant change in our social and economic structure and activities, the Plan must be maintained through periodic review and revision so that it reflects contemporary trends while maintaining long range goals. The Plan will be effective to the degree that it continues to: 1 • reflect needs and desires of the people; • realistically interpret the existing conditions, trends and the- dynamic economic and social pressures for change; and • inspire cooperation among the various public agencies, developers, and the citizens of the Township toward achieving common goals. I • The Master Land Use Plan provides: I I l l 1. A comprehensive means of integrating proposals that look 20 years ahead to meet future needs regarding general and major aspects of physical conservation and development throughout the Township; 2. An official, advisory policy statement for encouraging orderly and efficient use of the land for residences, businesses, industry, parks and recreation areas, and agriculture, and for coordinating these uses of land with each other, with streets and highways, and with other necessary public facilities and services; 3. A logical basis for zoning, subdivision design, public improvement plans, and for facilitating and guiding the work of the Township Planning Commission and the Township Board as well as other public and private endeavors dealing with the physical conservation and development of the Township; 4. A means for private organizations and individuals to determine how they may relate their building and development projects and policies to official township planning policies; and 5. A means of relating the plans of Polkton Township to the plans of adjacent townships and cities and to development of the region as a whole. ' DW d:'ms'i>llttn-mp 1 89374 �The final element of the plan will synthesize the recommended goals and needs of the Township and the analysis of existing conditions and trends into a general development strategy. The plan will conclude with an implementation program. f i.__ t i t • The Polkton Township Master Plan is intended to be long-range and dynamic, based on the longterm goals and objectives looking 20 years forward. With that in mind, there is an important caveat to this planning process: the Master Plan is general in scope. It is not necessarily intended to establish the precise boundaries of land use areas or the exact locations of individual future land uses. Its greater function is to serve as a decision making framework. Used correctly, the more detailed future decisions can be related to the broader community-wide perspective provided in the plan, and the decision makers will have confidence that their decisions have a clear and rational basis. i . nw d:'ms\pllctn-mp 2 89374 �·I 1 . ., PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION L Any plan for the future must be based on knowled.ge of existing conditions and the influences that have shaped the community. This chapter examines the natural influences that have worked to make the community what it is today. These include its location and natural features such as topography, soils, and water resources. REGIONAL SETTING Polkton is located in Ottawa County and consists of over 38 square miles of land area. The City of Coopersville is situated in the east-central portion of the Township. Polkton is bounded on the nonh by Muskegon County's Ravenna Township, on the west by Crockery Township, and on the east by Wright Township. The Grand River forms the Township's southern boundary with Allendale Township. Interstate Highway 96 traverses the central portion of the township in an east/west direction providing the principal access route to the community. This artery links the Grand Rapids Metropolitan area with the Muskegon/Grand Haven areas. Polkton Township is situated approximately 15 miles northwest of downtown Grand Rapids and 12 miles from Lake Michigan. NATURAL FEATURES GEOLOGY The bedrock of Polkton Township consists of the edges of bowl-like rock formations that fill the Michigan basin. The oldest/deepest rock is the Coldwater shale formation. Overlapping this shale is the Marshall sandstone formation. t - Overlying these rocks is a mass of glacial drift deposited by receding glaciers. This material ranges from less than 100 feet to more than 300 feet in thickness. The unconsolidated material as well as the Marshall Formation contains aquifers that are used for domestic water supplies. TOPOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE Variations in the surface relief within Polkton are generally not pronounced. Because of this, the area's topography is well suited for agricultural purposes. The highest point in the Township is approximately 750 feet above sea level and is found in Section 1 in the extreme northeast. From this point, the land generally falls off to the south and southwest toward the Grand River where elevations are approximately 590 feet above sea level. The most significant factor affecting the topography of the Township is the Grand River and its associated watersheds. The river forms the entire southern boundary of the Township as it nw d:'ms\pllan-mp 3 89374 �\ .. i . ,·-· I meanders to the west toward Lake Michigan. Over time, the river and its tributaries have cut steep slopes and ravines into the otherwise gentle landscape. Many of the slopes associated with these ravines exceed 12%. Several of the ravines and stream valleys drop 50 feet in a very short distance. Many of the slopes associated with the ravines are extremely fragile and pose severe, although localized, limitations on development. As should be expected, all of Polkton Township lies within the Grand River Drainage Basin and all storm water eventually flows into the · Grand River. The eastern half of the Township is drained by Deer Creek which originates near the Township's northern boundary with Ravenna Township in Section 1. Beaver Creek contributes to the Deer Creek watershed. It enters the Township in the northeast from Wright Township and converges with Deer Creek just north of the City of Coopersville. The western one half of the Township is included in the Crockery Creek watershed. Within this area numerous small streams drain in a westerly direction to Crockery Creek which is located in Crockery Township. \ I, The southern portion of the Township drains almost directly into the Grand River through a number of small rivulets. Several formal county drains provide control of drainage within the Township. The Ottawa County Drain Commission and property owners share in maintaining this drainage system. Map 1 illustrates the watersheds and formal drains that occur in the Township. '. Portions of the Township nearest the Grand River and upstream along Deer Creek are within the 100-year floodplain of the Grand River. Upstream, the 100-year flood level roughly coincides· with the 598.5 foot contour elevation. Downstream, the 100-year floodplain extreme coincides approximately with the 594 foot contour. Due to its relatively narrow extent (50 to 1000 feet in width), only a limited amount of land area is contained within the Grand River's floodplain. Narrow floodplains also exist along Deer Creek and many of the smaller streams in the Township. The width of floodplains along the upper drainage network of the Township generally range from 100 to 200 feet. Along Deer Creek, flood plains range from 400 to 600 feet in width within Coopersville to as wide as 1,000 feet in width where Deer Creek converges with the Grand River. Most of the creeks, as well as the Grand River, will flood the low lying areas along their banks in times of heavy rainfall and also during the springtime snowmelt. These flood areas have several implications for planning, such as consideration in the construction of structures, the planning and design for new roads, including bridges and culverts, and the location of recreational and other open space areas. At the present time, very little development has occurred within the areas of the Township that are floodprone. As a result, little flood damage has been experienced, and the Township does not participate in the Federal Flood Insurance Program. The hydrographic features have had a ow d:'ms\pl.kln-mp 4 89374 �I • L ' . DAMIAGE NETWORK ------- POLKTON TOWNSHIP OTTAWACCUITY,IKIWN --wwma..,...... --~..._..,,.,,.aca-. - ~ . . . . IIIVM:a•Aa ---N- - - an• coor--.&a ~ .. Map 1 �definite bearing on existing land use and their consideration is of primary importance in developing a future land use plan that makes use of and promotes the continuation of existing drainage patterns. Every effort · must be made to preserve and maintain the floodplain, the woodlands, and pasture lands along the streams in their natural state. In so doing, the potential long-term adverse environmental and economic impacts · that development of these fragile corridors brings can be avoided. SURFACE WATER QUALITY I L Generally speaking, the quality of surface waters in and around the Township are rated as good and meet Federal Clean Water Standards. One area of particular concern, however, is the Grand River which receives periodic discharges of raw sewage from the City of Grand Rapids. During these occurrences, which correspond to periods of high rainfall and runoff, users of the Grand River are warned by public health officials to avoid contact with the Grand River's water. Measures are being taken to alleviate this problem and should be implemented in the next few years. ! . i ,, Another source of potential pollution for streams in any farming community is agricultural runoff. Fertilizers and sedimentation are a major source of water pollution in Ottawa County, and care must be taken to by farmers to avoid these types of non-point pollution in their land management practices. Retention of natural vegetative strips along the drainage courses is one way that agricultural runoff into surface waters can be minimized. SOILS Existing development patterns reflect, to some extent, the suitability of the soils to support various land uses without extensive modifications such as public sewers or dewatering systems. Map 2 has been prepared based on soils and their suitability for residential development without major engineering considerations. The factors considered include hazards of flooding, depth to water table, bearing capacity, percolation rate, and slope. It should be noted that the soils with "severe limitations" will, in most cases, present problems for the efficient operation of individual septic systems. Because of high water tables or rapid lateral movement of subsurface waters in these areas, the use of septic tanks and drainage fields provides increased potential of pollution to wells and surface waters. In addition, there is a potential for seasonal flooding of basements. Intensive development in such areas will often lead to increased demands for public sewer and/or water systems to compensate for environmental and health hazards created by failed septic systems. •· By mapping these soils according to their limitations, patterns are identified which make it possible to determine the development potential of specific areas. Although the map is not intended as a substitute for on-site investigation or detailed engineering studies, it does generally define those areas that should be considered as prohibitive to intensive development. nw d:\ms\pllcm-mp 6 89374 �... \ Il - ' ~ \., J, GENERALIZED ENVIRONMENT AL LMTATIONS _ -__ .......... _. ... __ ,.,.....,_"1IIIMIIT _,..... - - ,,_"' 111111 POLKTON TOWNSHIP OTTAWA COUNTY, iliKHGAH ,.,,.M:8 ~ - - ~ G&l.l'IL .11"9~ . . . . of' CDOf9lln'l.1& L8CM. ...., - - cm m ~:, ~ ~-= .,,. .... M ~ ,a ..., !lsvaa Ulllill'Atm• ova 1'I OKI oa • • o, n. _,..._ : ~ - : ~ - - - - lfflMar sousa ltffAh covwn NIL .svwrn. una Map 2 ----~ - ....................r �'·-' .... 1 1 I ' I I__ .-. r • t L..s l,. IIIFORTANT FARMLANDS POLKTON TOW~NSHIP OTTAWA COUNTY ' IIICHQj Map 3 �Map 3 delineates the soils within the Polkton Township that are considered as prime agricultural soils by the United States Department of Agriculture. As can be seen, the majority of the prime soils follow the upland areas of the Township and with some exceptions, generally coincide with the soils that are not severely limiting from a developmental standpoint. As a result, future nonfarm development is likely to compete with farming for suitable land area. VEGETATION The vegetation patterns in Polkton Township quite closely reflects local topography, hydrology, and soils patterns. The rich loamy soils have been cleared and used for farming, while the poorer soils and steep slopes have been left undisturbed. Included in the naturally vegetated, undisturbed portions of the Township are those areas that generally have one or more characteristics such as slope and wemess that make them less than desirable for development purposes. The natural vegetation is quite varied and ranges from ash, willow, and poplar in the lowlands to oak-pine wood lots in rolling, gravelly, sandy soils and beach-maple-hemlock in the loamy to sandy steep slopes and seasonal wetland areas~ Areas of Hawthorne can also be found in some of the idle farmlands that have reverted back to a more natural condition. AIR QUAL17'Y The atmosphere over Polkton, as with all the southwest Michigan, meets all EPA ambient air standards except that set for ozone. Ozone is directly caused by automobile and industrial emissions. The MDNR predicts that southwest Michigan will met ozone standards in a few years. Odors, dust, and airborne pesticide contamination caused by agricultural practices can become an air quality issue, especially where residential land uses abut farmland. Farmers are normally protected by the State of Michigan's "Right to Farm" law; however, conflicts between farm operators and residents can become problematic and should be a valid consideration in the development of the Township's long-range Master Plan. nw d:'ms\pllctn-mp 9 89374 �' _..,; SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS Understanding the people in Polkton Township will help establish the basis for developing the Master Plan. This discussion will review the Township's general population characteristics and trends, its composition, and the basic housing characteristics of the community. ) I f 7· POPULATION A fundamental element of developing a good understanding of the Township and the needs of its residents is the study of population growth and important indicators such as age, education, income, and employment. Such analysis allows decision makers the ability to assess the impacts of changing conditions, and to better formulate solutions to existing and future problems both in terms of supply of services and in formulating the policies for proper land development. I I ' ·" From Table 1, it can be seen that Polkton Township experienced. an increasing growth rate for the period between 1940 and 1960. Between 1960 and 1970, growth continued but due to annexations to the City of Coopersville, the T~wnship lost population. Between 1970 and 1980, growth slowed somewhat; but based on figures provided by the West Michigan Shoreline Regional Development Commission (WMSRDC), the growth rate from 1980 to the present is nearly as rapid as rates experienced prior to 1970. One indicator that can be used to substantiate the estimates of population growth and which provide further support for the conclusion that the Township's growth rate has increased is building permit data. This data indicates that since 1985, approximately 56 new dwelling units have been erected. Based on conversations with Township officials, residential building activity for the years 1980 to 1985 stood at between 5 and 7 new homes each year. Collectively, these increases would represent a total of between 81 and 91 new homes, bringing the total to roughly 720 dwellings. By applying an estimated vacancy rate of 3% and multiplying the estimated number of occupied dwellings by the 1980 average household size of 3.21 persons, an estimated population of 2,242 persons for 1990 can be derived. This estimate is very close to the 1990 estimate supplied by the WMSRDC included in Table 1. r I TABLEl POPULATION GROWl'H Year c~ r . 1940 1950 1960 * 1970 1980 1990(est.) -------Source: 1980 U.S. Census Population 1,572 1,759 2,075 1,962 2,027 2,299 (1940-1990) Numerical Change 187 316 -113 65 272 Percent Change 11.9% 18.0% -5.4% 3.3% 13.4% 1989 Estimates prepared by WMSRDC. • Reflects population loss due to annexations to the City of Coopersville. nw d:'m9'i>lkm-mp 10 89374 �Table 2 compares the past and present population trends of the Township with the other communities within Ottawa County for the same time period. These figures indicate that recent growth in Polkton Township has been among the slower in Ottawa County. ...... , One of the factors that may have influenced the growth rate in the Township is the lack of utilities throughout the Township and the resultant inability of large-scale development to occur without public sewer and water sy~tems. As a result, much of the development which has occurred in the 1970's and 80's has been on large-acre lots in rural settings. I \,, One important factor of the Township's 1980 population that should not be overlooked is its age breakdown. In 1980, 10.1 % of the population was 65 years old or older, 57.7% were aged 18 years to 64 years and over, and 8.4% were under 5 years. For Ottawa County as a whole, these figures were 8.7%, 59.4%, and 8.4%, respectively. In 1980, the median age residents in Polkton was 29.1 years as compared to 27.4 years for the county, and 28.8 years for the State of Michigan. I . '. These figures and other census data reveal that in 1980, Polkton had a population profile that is symptomatic of an aging population in which young people in the family-forming years are moving away. Given the increased amount of building activity within the community in recent years, that trend may have slowed and future population gains are likely to be significantly influenced by in-migration patterns. It is expected that because of overall growth in the Grand Rapids Metropolitan area, future rates of in-migration are likely to exceed out-migration. ' \ HOUSEHOLDS , ,, L ,... In 1980, there were 612 households in Polkton Township. This figure represented an increase of 23% over the 1970 figure. Toe average number of persons per household in 1980 was 3.21, down from 3.8 in 1970. The average number of persqns per household in Polkton remains higher than Ottawa County as a whole (3.04) and consistent with the surrounding Townships with similar rural/agricultural characteristics. ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS Table 3 shows that in 1980 the median household income in Polkton Township was $18,175 as compared to $20,232 for all of Ottawa County. Eight percent (8%) of the Township's population lived on incomes under the poverty level compared to 6% for Ottawa County as a whole. These levels are reflective of the local agricultural based economy of the 1970's. 1985 statistics provided by the U.S. Census show that the per capita income of Polkton Township was $9,552 as compared to $10,397 for Ottawa County. These statistics would indicate that Polkton Township incomes still lags behind most communities in the County. ·~- .,.I OW d:'ma'f,llttn-mp 11 89374 �,... TABLE 2 ,-·· OTTAWA COUNTY r "', ;u·\-,,..,~t.,.:· ~-:...-·\·-: .:'1........ lirt~ij::::; "P-OPULATION GROWTH COM P"ARISO NS 1t-%it11t·:;r' :• ·"" . . \ ,....., I; '~ i , ·~, '' t _1 I 1980-90 1970-80 CITY & VILLAGE Coopersville Ferrysburg Grand Haven Holland* Hudsonville Zeeland Spring Lake Percent est• Change 1990 Percent Change 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1,083 1,371 1,584 8,799 14,616 837 3,007 1,329 9,536 15,858 1,101 3,075 1,824 11,066 22,140 2,649 3,702 2,063 2,129 2,196 11,844 22,991 3,523 4,734 3,034 2,889 2,440 11,763 21,767 4,844 4,764 2,731 36% 11% -.7% -5% 37% .6% -10% 3,185 2,836 13,353 26,046 6,132 5,463 3,026 10.2 16.2 13.5 19.6 26.6 14.6 10.8 1,572 1,377 1,709 1,243 1,412 2,592 1,185 4,913 1,928 1,304 1,974 416 1,041 2,063 1,728 1,653 1,879 1,759 1,663 1,849 1,343 1,763 3,990 1,997 6,224 2,049 1,460 3,295 473 1,281 3,700 2,240 2,139 2,194 2,075 2,238 2,237 1,492 2,402 7,989 3,479 6,498 2,258 1,755 4,043 750 1,618 5,953 3,243 2,507 2,655 1,962 3,554 2,927 1,786 2,861 17,615 5,489 8,455 2,926 2,072 6,461 1,078 2,051 4,979 4,883 2,983 2,934 2,027 6,080 3,763 2,034 3,536 26,104 7,238 13,739 3,546 2,449 10,354 2,206 3,018 6,857 5,927 3,387 3,711 3% 71% 29% 14% 24% 48% 32% 62% 21% 18% 60% 104% 47% 38% 21% 14% 26% 2,299 7,307 4,602 2,173 3,941 31,180 8,651 16,618 4,290 2,919 12,227 2,841 3,773 8,011 6,525 3,795 4,319 13.4 20.1 22.3 6.8 11.4 19.4 19.5 20.9 21.0 19.2 18.1 28.8 25.0 16.8 10.1 12.0 16.4 59,660 73,751 98,719 128,181 157,174 22% 178,356 18.0 1 t • .i .. 1~ TOWNSHIP** Polkton Allendale Blendon Chester Crockery Georgetown Grand Haven Holland Jamestown Olive Park Port Sheldon Robinson Spring Lake Tallmadge Wright Zeeland TOTAL COUNTY • Onawa County Only ••Township totals do not include city or village totals Source: U.S. Census & W .M.S.R.D.C. gscfldtarts\p<>pchart2 12 89374 �Table 3 Polkton Township 1980 Income and Poverty Comparisons ] Polkton Twp 612 $18,175 546 $19,031 8% 787 $20,270 9% ,i-----------4-----+------+----~~----+--------1 l ; ~J Coopersville $18,387 963 ·--------+-----+------+------1-----t-------, ': ) l Allendale Twp 1661 $17,525 1274 $20,154 15% Crockery Twp 1149 $16,800 974 $17,562 7% Wright Twp 913 $18,500 791 $20,318 17% Tallmadge Twp no $21,937 1563 $23,653 5% Ottawa Twp 50449 $20,232 41356 $22,059 6% 1--------+-----+------+--------4-----+------i ' ,-.1 LI ,l ~ - I •. nw d:'ms\plktn-mp 13 89374 �OCCUPATIONS > j l \ Polkton Township has a diverse occupational profile t,hat reflects the fact that relatively few employment opportunities exist within the Township itself. This tends to broaden the character of the workforce as many residents must work outside of the Township in a wide variety of jobs. Census data also reveals the average travel time to work for employed persons in the Township is over 20 minutes. This substantiates the obvious conclusions that for persons in the .Township that do not f ~ Polkton is a bedroom community. ,.,., l I ,. ,.._ l L '. i '\ nw d:'ms'i>llttn-mp 14 89374 �I: \ :l • l I. ' t • L r . . ' -, PA-111 FARMLAND - POLKTON TOWNSHIP .ni.,""'!:::cT OTTAWA COUfTY, aac:HUN Map 4 �... . Very little farmland in Polkton goes unused. For the most part, wooded areas are now confined to the areas directly associated with drainage courses where terrain is too steep or soils are poorly drained. Aside from poorly drained or other difficult to cultivate areas, most. of the idle farmland is deliberately left uncultivated for cropland rotation and other soil and farm management purposes. The Township's current zoning ordinance establishes_ an agricultural district to encourage cropland, horticulture, dairy, poultry, and livestock farming, as well as a number of associated agricultural uses. Nonfarm single family uses are not permitted as principal uses and are only approved on a case-by-case basis (special uses) when they are not found to negatively affect large tillable areas of the township. RESIDENTIAL LAND USE In 1980, there were 633 housing units in Polkton Township, all were single family homes. An average of 3.2 persons lived in each unit , I ', l , Single-family homes in Polkton can be categorized into three groups. The first group is farmhouses located on agricultural land. Most of these homes are older, built before 1940. Second, there are non-farm houses built along the Township's rural roads on relatively large parcels of land. The age of these homes is mixed, ranging from old farmhouses that have been converted to non-farm residential uses to modem homes built on land that has been split in more recent years. Finally, there are homes built on smaller land parcels concentrated in areas of higher densities. These areas include the settlement of Eastmanville, areas in the vicinity of the Oeveland Street/88th Avenue, and areas west of Eastmanville along Leonard Street A small resort type mobile home park is located in the southern portion of the Township. I, The age of existing housing units in Polkton Township is shown below. A majority of the units have been built during the period from 1940 to 1970; 32% of the units have been built since 1970. ,. TABLE4 1 HOUSING UNITS L > Year Built Before 1940 1970 *1980 - • * 1940 1969 1980 1990 Age (years) over 50 20-50 10-20 under 10 Number % of Total 279 206 148 87 38.7 28.6 20.5 12.0 Estimates based on recent building permit data. ow d:'ms\plkm•mp 17 89374 �.. - Being that Polkton Township is a rural community, residential uses comprise a relatively small percentage of the total land area (2.5% ). It is estimated that single family homesites occupy approximately 620 acres of land. The Township's only mobile home park occupies approximately 12 acres . i . f ' '- i l. f . l' • Information regarding property splits, supplied by the Ottawa County Property Description and Mapping Department for the period of 1980 to date, is quite revealing with respect to current and future residential development trends. During this period, 164 new parcels of propeny were created. Map 4 illustrates the number of parcel splits that occurred by section in the Township. The highest percentage of new parcels (47%) were created in the band of sections paralleling Leonard Street in the southern portion of the Township. Add to this figure the number of parcels created in the next northerly tier of sections we find that 55% of the splits occurred south of Garfield Street and nearly 78% of the splits occurred south of the State Road/I-96 corridor. These figures illustrate the existing location trend of residential development in the Township as well as foretell of a continuati9n of this trend. Based on residential building activity, it can be assumed that only approximately 50% of the new parcels have been built upon leaving at least 70 to 80 vacant parcels of land of less than 10 acres in size to erect single family homes. It can further be assumed that based on existing residential zoning classifications and the locations of parcel split activity that the vast majority of residential development will occur in the southern one half of the township. The Leonard Street corridor which includes the Grand River and associated varying topography promises to attract the highest number of new residences. f ; i. COMMERCIAL LAND USE At the present time, there is very little commercial acttvity within the boundaries of the Township. However, increased commercialization at the Township's boarders with the City of Coopersville is readily apparent The two major focal points are the I-96/68th Avenue and I96/48th Avenue interchanges. It is likely that some pressure to commercially develop Township land in these areas will increase. The Township currently provides commercial zoning along State Road west of Coopersville and at the I-96/48th intersection. This locality presently supports a propane fuel distributor. Commercial zoning is also in place in the southern portion of the Township to accommodate the existing resort oriented mobile home park. INDUSTRIAL LAND USE • There are at least four uses located at the I-96/68th avenue interchange area which can be classified as industrial. The most significant of these are an asphalt plant, a wood products enterprise, and a sanitary landfill. Collectively, these uses occupy approximately 100 acres of land with the landfill being by far the most prominent and the largest consumer of land. nw d:'ms\pllctn-mp 18 89374 �I". j' l • , I i... ( . .. 31 r ----·-·--t--~,_:;.........__,_-!---'-~""'°!!..!!.. "'· -+-I- ~ 8 52 I i .- -___ __ . ..._ - , 1HIIII~_,..- _......, .... _YC.a._... M:a .... .. --.ta ... -~~ - Clff w coo.....U UICM. . . . POLKTON TOWNSHIP ~ OTTAWA CCUfTY , .:HUN PARCELS CREATED BY SECTION 1980 -1990 Map 5 �PUBLIC AND SEMI-PUBLIC LAND USE . ;' ; Public and semi-public uses include land and facilities available for use by the general public or specific interest groups. Included are schools, churches, cemeteries, Township facilities, and public parks. The largest public facility in the Township is the County Farm. It consists of nearly 220 acres. Other major public/semi-public uses include Deer Creek park (4.5 acres) and the Township Hall and Fire Barn. Several churches are located in the Township. Collectively, it is estimated that public and semipublic uses comprise over 245 acres of land. i I ,-1 nw d:'cns'i>Uctn-mp 20 89374 �.... - .. ~ I .. ~--·• '. ,.. . _ - ......_ ., • . .._ ,--·~ ' i'... f~. . - ; ~--,•--.---: Yabl . . ; J Polkton Township Property Value Major Class Comparisons Classifications #of Parcels Cash Value -- %of Equal. Value #of Parcels Cash Value %of Equal. Value # of Parcels Cash Value %of .E9_ual. Value Real Property 430 23 0 592 8 26,889,017 1,816,132 0 25,675,458 421,000 47.4 3.25 0 45.3 .76 430 26 0 624 8 26,972,564 1,819,667 0 28,876,737 418,100 43.76 2.99 0 46.96 .69 425 28 0 632 10 25,519,871 2,115,612 0 32,248,909 422,075 40.42 3.42 0 50.65 .67 1053 $54,801,607 96.72 1088 $ 58,087,068 94.40 1095 $ 60,306,467 95.16 Agriculture Commercial Industrial Residential Utility 0 19 0 0 4 0 716,110 0 0 554,090 0 1.29 0 0 1.19 0 20 0 0 4 0 2,099,674 0 0 1,303,366 0 3.45 0 0 2.15 0 21 0 0 4 0 1,602,868 0 0 1,431,868 0 2.56 0 0 2.28 Total Personal 23 $912,145 3.28 24 $3,403,040 5.60 25 $3,034,736 4.84 Total Real and Personal 1076 $ 56,625,897 100 $61,490,108 100 1120 $63,341,203 100 Agriculture Commercial Industrial Residential Developmental Total Real . ) Personal Property Source: Ottawa County Equalization Reports: 1987-1989 I 1112 I :,_ · ·:-- > .I �. ,,,. ~,. .., r .......... _.. J - Table - , ; " ---- ...... Recent Polkton Township Development Activity a E "" a -6' I Polkton Township Building Permit Activity 19.65 198.6 19.BZ 19.68. 1989 Imitl 13 0 56 0 2 0 1 6 14 Single Family Homes Churches Industrial Buildings Banks or Offices 7 0 0 0 3 19 0 0 0 1 1 0 14 0 1 1 Other Non-Residential Buildings 0 0 5 3 N N Parcel Splits Number of New Parcels Created 1980-1990 (pt) !I ,---..L. ... 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Total 17 24 8 5 15 19 13 36 7 15 5 164 1 ~-;7 - .... i I •• J �COMMUNITY FACILITIES The Township's community facilities are those which provide tangible services to the residents. A well rounded set of services is necessary to meet the needs of a growing community like Polkton Township. The services provided are discussed briefly below: Township Offices - The Township Hall is located at 6900 Arthur Drive in Coopersville. The building, erected in 1980, consists of a fire barn housing the three fire vehicles, a meeting room, two offices, and a restroom. The Hall provides meeting space for various Township committees. Elections are also held in the fire barn portion of the building. Space is currently adequate for Township needs, given the present part-time nature of office hours. I l l ~ I> ., Fire Service - The Township maintains a joint, all-volunteer fire department with the City of Coopersville. The fire barn at the Township Hall is the only site in the Township that houses fire vehicles. Public Safety - General police protection is provided by the Ottawa County Sheriffs Department. While the Township does not formally contract with Ottawa County for police protection, the County assigns one patrol person per twenty-four hours to an area that includes Polkton, Chester, Tallmadge and Wright Townships. Library - The Coopersville District Library is located at 333 Ottawa in Coopersville. Polkton Township levies financial support for this library, and elects members to the library's board. The library is part of the Lakeland Library Cooperative. Cemeteries - The Coopersville Polkton Cemetery is located on Cleveland Road, partially within the city limits of Coopersville. The Cemetery is maintained jointly by Polkton Township and the City of Coopersville. A second Polkton Township cemetery is located in Eastmanville. Educational Facilities - All of Polkton Township is located in the Coopersville School District which serves seven townships plus the City of Coopersville. The district maintains all instructional facilities at a main campus at 198 East Street in Coopersville. Besides Senior High and Junior High buildings, two elementary buildings are located on the site; one new elementary school building with seventeen classrooms was constructed in 1989. Coopersville schools have experienced an 18.25% increase in enrollment over the last ten years, bringing this year's total enrollment for K-12 grades plus Community Education to 2,556 students. Growth in the schools can be described as slow but steady, and current facilities are adequate for the next six to ten years. As the large numbers of students now in third and fourth grades reach high school age, facilities at that level will have to be re-evaluated. Also within the Township, Lamont Christian School and St Michaels Catholic Church provide private elementary schools for grades K-6. St Michaels parochial school is located on 88th Avenue in Dennison. The Lamont Christian school is located on Leonard Street near the east boundary of the Township nw d:'ms'plltln-mp 23 89374 �I ' . Public Utilities .,. Potential Systems - At the present time, there are no areas of Polkton Township that are served by public water or sewer utilities. Following is a brief discussion of current efforts and future considerations with regard to the provision of these facilities within portions of Polkton Township. Public Water ' ,.. ' J The City of Coopersville provides a water distribution system that consists of over 12 miles of watermain. All of these watermains are within the boundaries of the City and generally .are not presently within easy reach of adjacent property located within Polkton T<?wnship. This system's water supply is provided via a six-mile long connection with the City of Grand Rapids' water system. The connection consists of a 16-inch transmission line extending southward along 60th Avenue to a primary transmission line extending along M-45 in Allendale Township. Although the transmission line serving Coopersville passes through the Township, there are presently no service agreements between the Cities of Grand Rapids or Coopersville which enables Polkton Township to utilize the system. The Township is currently participating with Tallmadge Township in exploring the feasibility and desirability of pursuing watermain extensions to serve the Eastmanville and Lamont areas of Leonard Street The extensions would be intended to improve domestic water quality for residents in the Eastmanville area who, in some cases, have experienced problems with high mineral content in their private wells. In the Lamont area of Ta11madge Township, the more serious problem of high nitrates in private well water would be alleviated. At ·this point, decisions have yet to be made as to whether to proceed with this project Assuming that a design is selected and system costs are acceptable to residents, an increase in the water flow within the 60th Avenue transmission line would have to be made. Service agreements between the Township and the City of Grand Rapids would also have to be executed. Similar considerations would be necessary if areas of Polkton Township situated on the outskirts of Coopersville were to be served by the Coopersville water distribution system. Public Sewer A public sewage collection and treatment system serves the City of Coopersville. The lagoon treatment facility for this system is located in Polkton Township on the south side of I-96, west of 48th Avenue in Section 25. This facility has been recently expanded to serve the expected needs of the City for a period extending to the year 2000. No service agreements between the City and Polkton Township currently exist. Such agreements would have to be negotiated before areas of the Township could be served and both short and long range collection and treatment capacity modifications would be required to satisfy expanded service areas. nw d:\ms'lplkln-mp 24 89374 �No formal discussions between the City of Coopersville and the Township have taken place on this issue in recent years. Because of the apparent availability of substantial amounts of developable land within the City, provision of sanitary sewer service in support of intensive development within Polkton Township does not appear warranted at this time or for the near future. •It is suggested, however, that the City and Polkton Township should cooperate to ensure that long range (10 to 15 years) sewage collection and treatment facility plans ultimately reflect an expanded service area that includes the logical and timely extension of sewer services into those portions of Polkton Township that are immediately adjacent to the City. Transportation Facilities - The street system forms the most basic framework for growth and development of a community. By providing a means for internal and external circulation, it serves the community by helping shape the intensity of land use. Thus, this costly and longlasting element becomes one of the most dynamic forces of the community. I - .. i ' ( i' , I' The street system serving Polkton Township can be classified as follows (Refer to Map 6 on page 27): Controlled Access Arterials - These facilities (I-96) perform little or no land service function but instead are devoted entirely to the task of traffic movement by providing for large volumes of traffic at relatively -high speeds. It is characterized by limited access, multi-lane, divided highways. Major Rural Arterials (inter-county) - This class of street serves major movements of traffic within or through the area. Mainly designed to move traffic, the secondary function is to provide land service. This class of street typically interconnects major state arterial highways. There are 2.8 miles of this type of roadway in Polkton Township (56th Avenue). Minor Rural Arterials (county primary) - This class of street primarily serves local or shorter distance traffic and provides a limited degree of continuity. Their principal function is providing local access to major arterials. , I t ' ' Collector Streets - These streets provide internal traffic movement within specific areas and connect those areas with the major and minor arterial system. Generally, they are not continuous for great length. The rural collector street is intended to supply abutting property with the same degree of access as a local street, while at the same time carrying the "collected" traffic of local streets. Traffic control devices may be installed to protect and facilitate movement of traffic; however, these devices would not be as elaborate as those on arterial streets. In rural areas like Polkton Township, rural collectors typically represent the highest percentage of street miles. Within Polkton there are currently 12 miles of paved collector streets and 48 miles of gravel surface collectors. Local Feeder Streets - The sole function of these streets is to provide access to immediately adjacent property. nw d:'ms"i>Uctn-mp 25 89374 �,~...., i I; 'I • \ I In developed areas, they make up the major percentage of the streets of the community, but carry a small proportion of the vehicle-miles of travel In Polkton Township there are only approximately four miles of local feeder streets. Polkton is generally well served by its system of roadways and they operate at high levels of service. The following map illustrates the road network by the various functional classifications described above. The major and minor arterials illustrated are classified by the Ottawa County Road Commission as primary roads. The Road Commission has total responsibility for maintaining and making improvements to these roads. The collectors and local feeder streets are classified as local roads by the Road Commission, and the responsibility for making improvements to these streets is primarily that of the Township. The Township currently levies 2 mils for road improvements. These funds are used for general maintenance items such as dust control and graveling as well as the upgrading of gravel roads to hard surface. It is the informal goal of the Township Board to achieve having a hard surfaced road within one mile of each Township resident. The Township establishes its road maintenance and improvements schedule on an annual basis. The current millage used for local road improvements is scheduled to expire in 1993. At the present time there are approximately 50 miles of unpaved collector streets in the Township and many are likely to remain in this state for an extended period of time. Because these roads are not designed to efficiently handle traffic volumes that exceed 100 vehicles per day, a land use plan which attempts to avoid placing additional burden on these roads is an important consideration. Most of the streets_that are paved have been maintained in good to excellent condition. While traffic volumes on many of these streets have increased in the past and can be expected to increase in the future, all of the streets are operating at high levels of service. Only the most heavily traveled roads experience volumes estimated to approach 4,000 vehicles per day. With design capacities that range from 8,000 to 10,000 vehicles per day, it is expected that traffic volumes on most road segments will remain within design limitations throughout the 20-year planning period. Where problems do arise, relatively minor intersection improvements such as four-way stops, left-tum lanes, and deceleration lanes can be expected to adequately address deficiencies. nw d:'ms\pllttn-mp 26 89374 �. ' ) . .t.lllllill. • • FRU11'4Y .umR14L POLKTON TOWNSHIP ■-- IU..rOR RUJW. ARTZRl~IIITU COUNTY) MINOR Rua4.L .um:aw.(COI/IITY PllllWIY) 1111111111111 Rua4.L COLLIICTOR(P4VID) - ~ OTTAWA CCUlf1"Y . a:tlUN Rua4.L COLLIICTOR(UIIPAVSD) •••••••• LOCAL r&ID&a S'T1lDT STREET CLASSFICATION . Map 6 �RECREATION 'I' • J ·) I • ''H '.' I • While Polkton Township maintains no recreational facilities independently, it is a participant in the Coopersville area Recreation Advisory Commission. This Commission was created in 1985 to coordinate the organization of recreational facilities between the City of Coopersville and the Coopersville Area Public Schools. An important concept of the Commission is that the schools will be the principal provider of recreational facilities and programs for the area within the City and school ~strict. Programs are administered by the Community Education Department The 100-acre central campus for the Coopersville Area Public Schools provides the majority of recreational facilities for Polkton Township. The Junior and Senior High Buildings each contain a full size gymnasium, and the elementary and community education buildings contain a total of three multi-purpose rooms. The Senior High School also has an auditorium. Also found on campus are two playgrounds, one hard-ball diamond with a second being restored, two softball diamonds, six tennis courts, a football field, several practice fields, a nature cent~ with a pond, cross-country ski-ttails, and a trail system soon to be improved as a fitness trail with asphalt paving. The City of Coopersville maintains two City Parks. Deer Creek Park is located on 35 acres of woodlot along Deer Creek which flows through the center of the City. Facilities include a lighted softball field, two lighted tennis courts, one basketball court, picnic area, playground equipment, playfield, and restrooms. Veterans Memorial Park is located on 17.5 acres of Randall Street. The park contains two little league ballfields and a picnic area. Within the Township, Ottawa County maintains Deer Creek County Park. It is located where Deer Creek empties into the Grand River between Eastmanville and Lamont. This four-acre park contains a ball diamond, two tennis courts, a basketball court, play equipment, picnic area, play fields, restrooms, and Grand River access for small boats. .. . Semi-public recreation facilities available to Township residents include indoor basketball and multi-purpose rooms at Church of the Savior, Coopersville Reformed Church, and Coopersville Christian Reformed Church. A ball diamond is located at the Coopersville Reformed Church. The Coopersville Seaville Swim Oub is a private organization that provides an outdoor seasonal swim program through community recreation programs. nw d:'ms\plktn-mp 28 89374 �PLANNING ANALYSIS 1- This section of the plan examines the various components which have previously been described and undertakes an analysis of planning indictors and growth trends. This analysis will provide a more complete understanding on how the Township has developed and with this knowledge the goals and objectives for future development can be established. 1 I ' By looking at population projections, the existing land use mix, and basic planning assumptions, the guidelines for determining the various land use needs can be determined. Through this process, the Township Board and the Planning Commission will know if it is reasonable to accommodate development of several thousand acres or a few hundred acres for a specific type of land use. POPULATION PROJECTIONS ·, By their very nature, population projections are only refined estimates of what the future might hold. It is clearly impossible to forecast the end result of untold individual and public decisions. Assumptions must be based on sound judgement and historical information. By necessity, they must be tempered by local opinions or they will certainly be unreasonable. There are numerous methods of estimating future populations growth of a community; some are: (1) the cohort survival method, (2) average percentage growth rate, (3) average numerical growth rate, and (4) geometric progression. Any of these methods could be utilized depending on the available background information required. WMSRDC has developed projections for each of the minor civil divisions in Ottawa County. Those projections are an average of two methods. The first is a proportional method based upon the percentage of county population at each civil division represented during the period of 1977 through 1986. The second approach is based on historical growth rate from 1970 to 1986. The Regional Planning Commission estimates are illustrated on Table 7. RESIDENTIAL LAND NEEDS With an expected population increase of nearly 400 persons or 130 new homes (at three persons per home), an estimated quantity of land area needed to accommodate this growth can be determined by making a few assumptions. First of all, because public sanitary sewer is necessary to support multi-family developments, and high concentrations of certain types of single family developments and the provisions of sanitary sewer is not foreseen to occur within at least the first five to ten years of the planning periods, it can be assumed that the vast majority of the 130 dwellings will be low density single family detached units. Given a predominance of single family detached homes, it can be assumed that the average lot size for each future dwelling unit will be between one half acre to one acre. This assumption is based on several considerations: nw d:'ms\pllcm-mp 29 89374 �I Table 7 • OTTAWA COUNTY 1980 - 2010 :£:'.;,: ¢,: : ~:: Pu,:, P_,: }K:: tt :1:::,c>.LZ19'. , ,: :· : e:: i (:.:o: : I ?J~L:: ~.: =tr.:' .'.r 'b _. · ·N_:-• smSl!t@Jl'.1.fT] CITY & VILLAGE ,-. Coopersville Ferrysburg ;·,- Grand Haven i Holland* (Region 14) L~... Hudsonville ,... Zeeland I. , , Spring Lake 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2,889 2,440 11,763 21,767 4,844 4,764 2,731 3,185 2,836 13,353 26,046 6,132 5,463 3,026 3,460 2,899 13,953 27,234 6,861 5,706 3,117 3,727 3,048 14,489 28,293 7,614 5,924 3,196 3,985 3,184 14,969 29,242 8,388 6,121 3,266 4,232 3,309 15,401 30,091 9,179 6,300 3,334 . 2',4]'3/;: ::) \ ' 2;515 9,437 5,542 2,398 4,504 38,392 10,411 19,637 5,085 3,414 15,253 4,141 4,803 9,633 7,415 4,256 5,065 2;607 10,621 6,010 2,496 4,760 42,120 11,286 21,083 5,468 3,648 16,848 4,986 5,362 10,438 7,816 4,459 5,419 2,691 11,886 6,470 2,584 4,999 45,900 12,149 22,486 5,840 3,871 18,488 5,993 5,947 11,233 8,188 4,646 5,756 218,192 234,582 250,972 .. f- : i•. ' , 1 _ Blendon Chester Crockery eorgetown Grand Haven Holland Jamestown Olive Park Port Sheldon Robinson Spring Lake Tallmadge Wright Zeeland 2'tP27!':'?:t :: : I: 7;ig9)< 6,080 7,307 4,602 3,763 2,034 2,173 3,536 3,941 26,104 31,180 7,238 8,651 13,739 16,618 3,546 4,290 2,449 2,919 10,354 12,227 2,206 2,841 3,018 3,773 6,857 8,011 5,927 6,525 3,387 3,795 3,711 4,319 8,333 5,071 2,291 4,231 34,741 9,532 18,140 4,691 3,170 13,712 3,434 4,274 8,822 6,985 4,035 4,697 ..' COUNTY TOTAL • 157,174 201,802 185,412 Source: West Michigan Shoreline Regional Development Commision, 1988 30 89374 �1. The cmrent minimum lot size in the agricultural zoning district is one acre. Although some development will occur under such regulations, because of strict zoning limitations, only a relative small percentage of the total number of new dwellings will occupy such parcels. 2. Much of the land area of Polkton Township has soils that are unsuitable for on-site septic systems. As a result, lots and parcel sizes larger than the 15,000 square feet presently required in the residential districts are needed to safely provide for private septic systems. This most likely has resulted in the past trend for virtually no subdivision platting activity and minimal unplatted land divisions consisting of parcels in the range of one half to one acre in size. ' I l - ~ I ' - Based on the above assumptions, the range in the amount of land needed to accommodate the projected number of new homes can be determined as follows: . -, I 130 x 0.5 acres = 65 acres 130 x 1 acre= 130 acres Thus without the provisions of the public utilities or other forms of collective sewage treatment to allow higher densities in a more compact residential land use pattern, a minimum of 130 acres of land will be needed. Based on the amount of vacant lan~ that is presently available in the Township, it appears that there is sufficient land available to handle this projected growth, in a fairly dispersed fashion. Because future growth trends cannot be totally predicte~ it is advisable to rely on the higher figure for planning purpo~s. ' . It becomes apparent that if a more compact residential pattern of growth is to be achieved, the majority of growth should be directed toward areas having soils capable of supporting the higher densities or in the alternative, the provision of a public water and/or sewer system in at least a portion of the Township. If provid~ public water and sewer could be used by the Township to direct future growth and development in a much more systematic and concise pattern. I•• i i - ' I COMMERCIAL LAND NEEDS 'i' Because the two I-96 interchanges shared by the Township and Coopersville are expected to be attractive to businesses desiring good access for an expanded regional market and/or high visibility for high volumes of through traffic, it is suggested that 20 to 30 acres of land in these areas could be allocated for eventual commercial development. It is also suggested that between 5 and 10 acres of Neighborhood Commercial land could be identified in other areas of the Township to accommodate the convenience needs of residents. Such allocations would be sufficient to suppon a variety of small commercial lots as well as a large neighborhood or community oriented service center. It is not anticipated that a major shopping center will be located in Polkton Township within the planing period since areas of Coopersville appear much more desirable. nw d:\ms\plkm-mp - -- - - -- --- --- -- --- 31 89374 �,, INDUSTRIAL LAND NEEDS Based on existing trends and exisnng population increase within the Township and the surrounding communities and given the fact that industrial facilities require good highway access. I-96/68th interchange area could be expected to be an attraction for industrial growth. However, because of the present lack of utilities, the Township does not have an abundance of raw land suitable for intensive industrial uses. It is therefore recommended that the land use plan identify areas that could potentially be developed at relatively low intensities of industrial use. Should utilities become available, the amount of land allocated for eventual industrial use could be increased. PARKS AND RECREATION The following standards for parks provide some guidance that would determine the future recreational needs for Polkton Township residents: Type Acres Needed/100 Population 0.5 Mini-park (specialized facilities that serve a limited population or groups such as the elderly or small children). 2.0 Neighborhood playground (tot-lot, swings, field and court game area, picnicking, ball fields, wading pools, toilet facilities, etc.) 3.0-8.0 Community park/playfield (athletic field. area of court games, swimming pools, etc.) Total 10.5 acres per 1000 people --------Source: Recreation Parle and Open Space Standards and Guidelines - National Recreation and Park Association (1983). Based upon the current estimate of nearly 2,300 people, approximately 24 acres of recreational land is needed to satisfy the above recreational standards. At the present time, there is no park land within the Township that can be classified in the three categories of mini-park, neighborhood playgrounds, or community park/playfield facilities. The 24.0 acres therefore represents a current shortfall. With a 2010 projected population of approximately 2,691 people, 27 acres of park land will be needed to satisfy the national standard. It should be noted that these standards are based on national averages and Polkton Township should use these standards only as guidelines. However, in light of the above comparison to national recreational standards, it is suggested that the Township seriously consider the need to provide additional recreational facilities within the Township. nw d:'ms~lktn-mp 32 89374 �.PLAN FORMULATION r • It is apparent that in many ways, Polkton Township is inextricably linked to the City of Coopersville and the nearby Grand Rapids metropolitan area. To a somewhat lesser degree, the tri-cities area of Spring Lake, Ferrysburg, and Grand Haven are also important factors in the comm.unity's long-term development. The linkages that exist include inter-relationships between land use, recreation, shopping, employment, transportation, and at least in the foreseeable future, solid waste disposal. Development of the Township has been and will continue to be greatly influenced by these various relationships. The Township, therefore, cannot plan for its future development in complete isolation of the needs and growth trends of the balance of the area. With the acceptance of this interdependence, however, the Township also recognizes and values the fact that it is a separate and unique community and is obligated to plan for its future in accordance with the needs and desires of its residents. GOALS AND POUCIES Planning goals are statements_that express the comm.unity's long-range desires and serve to provide direction for related planning activities. Based on previous analysis of the community, each goal's accompanying policies reflect the general strategy that the community will pursue to attain its goals. The following set of goals and policy statements have been developed for use in shaping the Polkton Township Master Plan, and are in response to many of the development issues that either exist or will come into play in the future development of the Township. Goal #1: The Environment To insure that new development takes place in an environmentally consistent and sound manner and that the potential for flood hazard, soil erosion, disturbances to the natural drainage network and surface and groundwater contamination are minimized, thereby protecting natural resources and preserving scenic and environmental quality, as well as minimizing the public burden. Policies • Implement zoning and related development review tools that encourage approaches to land development that take natural features such soils, topography, steep slopes, hydrology, and natural vegetation into account in the process of site design. • Participate in regional and state-wide programs to monitor the quality of surface and groundwater. • Encourage soil conservation practices and the wise use of fertilizers and pesticides. nw d."'ms'i>llon-mp 33 89374 �Agriculture Goal#2: To preserve the agricultural economic ba_se of the Township. Policies • Support the Farmland and Open Space Preservation Act. P.A. 116 of 1974, by encouraging and approving preservation agreements by area farmers that are consistent with the land use plan. • Through zoning, restrict non-farm development in areas consisting primarily of prime farmland. ~- • Through zoning regulations and utility extension policies, cause lands which are less suitable for agriculture use to be more attractive to develop than prime agricultural land, thereby encouraging the majority of development to occur in areas less suitable for agriculture. Goal #3: Balanced, Orderly Growth Maintain a predominantly agricultural and low density residential pattern of development as a means of perpetuating the rural/agricultural character found in most areas of the Township while accommodating other forms and intensities of land use in appropriate locations. Policies • Discourage strip development patterns which limit access to interior parcels and lead to unnecessary traffic hazards. • Establish density standards that are consistent with the natural capacity of soils to handle on-site septic systems and which promote the preservation of the Township's rural and agrarian qualities. • Encourage the highest concentrations of development to occur in locations where there are existing public utilities and where future public utilities and services can be most economically and efficiently provided, when they are needed. • Protect natural elements which contribute to the overall aesthetic qualities of the Township such as trees, wildlife, the natural lay of the land, green spaces, wetlands, and open views. • Encourage the preservation of farmhouses, barns, fence styles, and other architectural and landscaping forms which symbolize the Township's agricultural heritage. • Foster quiet. family-oriented neighborhoods. nw d:'ms\plktn-mp 34 89374 �Goal#4: Commercial Development Provide for the basic service and shopping needs of the Township's residents by directing commercial development to take place in suitable areas but in a manner which limits commercial strip development, minimizes conflicts with surrounding land uses and prevents unnecessary conflicts with the movement of traffic along streets and highways. Policies • Limit commercial development to a few concentrated areas, rather than allow strip development. • Discourage commercial development in areas that would lead to the need for public utilities and services that cannot be economically and efficiently provided in the foreseeable future. • Encourage the shared use of commercial driveways and limit the number of spacing of driveways. Promote uncongested commercial thoroughfares by encouraging the sharing of commercial drives and increasing the spacing distance between such drives. • Promote high quality commercial development through local site plan reviews. Goal#S: Industrial Development Provide for limited light industrial development in areas that are easily accessible· by major transportation facilities. Policies • Establish and reserve suitable land for future industrial purposes. • Promote the development of industrial plats rather than piece-meal single lot development. • Promote high quality industrial development through local site plan review. Goal#6: Economic Development To increase the tax base of the Township and the availability of jobs within the community, thereby increasing the ability of the Township to provide services, bettering the economic well being of residents and improving the overall quality of life in the area. Policies • Protect the agricultural economic base by minimizing farm versus non-farm conflicts. • Accommodate limited, high quality commercial development • Accommodate limited, high quality industrial development. ow d:'ms'-plk1n-mp 35 89374 �Land Use Conflicts Goal#7: Discourage and avoid conflicts between incompatible land uses. Policies • Prevent the wide scale scattering of intensive and high density non-farm land uses in the rural country-side. • In areas of higher density, provide for the separation between conflicting land used by designating suitable transitional districts or requiring greenbelt or buffer areas. Roads Goal#8: To maximize the efficiency, safety, and ease of maintenance of the road system. Make provisions for road improvements that will promote growth in a ~ay that is consistent with adopted goals and policies relating to land use. Policies • Limit the number of driveways along major highway arterials by encouraging the shared u_se of driveways by commercial establishments through site plan review. • Encourage clustered development. • Adopt subdivision regulations in support of land use goals. • Where non-farm development is appropriate, encourage the integrated development of a public and private local streets network to avoid strip development along collectors and to foster the development of land internal to section lines; adopt minimum standards for private streets. • Systematically improve Township roads giving priority to roads in areas intended to support the highest concentrations of development. GOAL#9: Housing To provide a wide range of housing opportunities within the Township. Policies • Provide the construction of single family homes, placement of contemporary quality mobile homes and construction of multiple family housing in appropriate locations and at acceptable densities. Special attention should be given to the needs of senior citizens, young couples and low/moderate income households. • Encourage the maintenance and preservation of the existing housing stock through code enforcement and _through participation in State and Federal housing rehabilitation programs. nw d:\ms\pllctn-mp 36 89374 �GOAL #10: Public Facilities and Services Including Recreation, Police and Fire Protection, and Transportation F acuities. Policies • Maintain a close, cooperative relationship with the Ottawa County Sheriff Department to ensure adequate police protection. • Maintain the Township's voluntary fire department • Develop active outdoor recreation facilities to meet the needs of existing and future residents. • Require residential developers to set aside suitable pockets of land for parks and road easements. PLAN CONCEPTS The goals and policies previously outlined. and analysis of the Township's physical, social, and economic makeup have allowed the formulation. of four broad concepts that will be used in the development of a long-range plan. These include: • While the Township recognizes the need to accommodate future growth and development, it is not the desire or goal of the Township to encourage development for the sake of development alone. • In recognition of the current general lack of public utilities and only modest levels of other public services and facilities, the natural capabilities of the land to support development along with the services and facilities that can be provided by and shared by the City of Coopersville must comprise the primary building blocks on which future development will be based. • Polkton Township is blessed with irreplaceable natural resources and amenities which combine to give it a desirable rural character. The Township recognizes that the loss of such attributes as prime farmland are losses not only to local residents but to the region, state, and to future generations. It is therefore the intent of Polkton Township to promote the preservation of farmland by directing future growth and land uses considered incompatible with agricultural practices to those areas of the Township considered to have a higher suitability for such uses. • There is a strong desire on the part of residents to preserve the Township's rural character and to promote agricultural preservation. In addition, growth trends and population projections indicate that there will not be sufficient pressure during the foreseeable future to warrant large scale development of the Township. It is therefore appropriate to determine development priorities for the various lands within the community. The staging of development will promote more orderly and concentrated development versus expensive sprawl development. nw d:'«ns\pilttn-mp 37 89374 �I FUTURE LAND USE PLAN I I This chapter contains descriptions and recommendations for future land use in Polkton Township. These recommendations will provide overall framework for the management of growth and resources and the regulation of future development to a large degree these planning recommendations will serve as the basis for evaluating individual zoning requests as to their appropriateness in achieving community goals. .. t The future land use program is general in scope. It is not always intended to establish precise boundaries of land use categories or exact locations of individual future uses. It is also important to note that there is no precise schedule to implement many of the recommendations contained here. Inste~ the timing of rezoning to accommodate a particular land use should be dependent upon factors such as availability of public utilities, provisions for adequate roadways, effect on public services, and the demand for 1a particular land use versus the available land presently zoned for this use. A general description the various land use recommendations is described in this section. These recommendations are best illustrated on the future land use map found inside this document. As background information to the planning process, the following narrative provides an explanation of the relationship of land use planning to zoning. THE RELATIONSIIlP OF PLANNING TO ZONING '. , .. The relationship between land use planning and zoning is an important one. Planning is basically the act of planning the uses of land within a comm.unity for the future while zoning is the act of regulating the use of these lands by ordinance. The laws of the State of Michigan require that a community engage in land use planning activities, including the preparation of a comprehensive plan, prior to the initiation of zoning ordinance within the community. Because communities are dynamic in nature and the pace of growth is not always foreseeable the periodic updating of a comm.unity's comprehensive plan is a necessity in order to make the plan and its zoning ordinance realistic and in tune with ever-changing demands of modem day society. In order to provide a better understanding of the terms of planning and zoning, the following definitions are provided: LAND USE PLANNING "Land use planning" may be defined as the process of guiding the future growth and development of a community. Generally a document known as the Comprehensive Plan or Master Plan is prepared which addresses the various factors relating to the growth of a community. Through the process of land use planning, it is intended that a community can preserve, promote, protect and improve the public health, safety and general welfare. Additional considerations include: comfort; good order, appearance; convenience; law enforcement and fire nw d:'ms\plkm-mp 38 89374 I I �, .. protection; prevention of the overcrowding of land; avoidance of undue concentration of population; facilitation of adequate and efficient provision of transportation, water, sewage requirements and services; and conservation, development, utilization and protection of natural resources within the community. ZONING •~, The process of partitioning a community into districts each of which permits certain uses of land for the purpose of conserving and promoting the health, safety, convenience and general .velfare of the people within the community. A zoning ordinance is often adopted which contains regulations controlling land uses, densities, building heights and bulk, lot sizes, yard and open spaces, setbacks and accessory uses. A zoning ordinance consists of two distinct parts: a written text and a district map. The text sets forth the purposes, uses and district regulations for each district and the standards for special land uses and the administration of the ordinance. The map denotes a specific zoning district for every parcel of land within the community. Zoning is one instrument, along with capital improvements programming and the administration of local subdivision regulations, which implements the goals and policies of the comprehensive plan. The enactment and administration of the zoning ordinances are legislative and administrative processes conducted by local units of government relating to the implementation of the goals and policies of the Master Plan. DEVELOPMENT STAGING The demand for additional developable land and demands for utilities and other public services go hand in hand. Because of this, a major objective of the Master Plan is to direct development into the areas best able to suppon it and conversely to delineate the areas that are not suited for major development within the planning period. To promote the efficient provision of public services, maintain rural character, and to control sprawl development situations, it is necessary that the highest densities of future development be encouraged to locate within areas that are most capable of being economically served by public utilities and services in the future. To that end, it is imponant that rezonings and the provision of utility services necessary to suppon new development be incremental and based on need and cost feasibility. In consideration of the anticipated practical limits of utility and public services, future highway improvements, existing development patterns, anticipated land needs, and the goal to conserve and preserve certain natural elements, the boundary of the Agricultural Conservation District represents the approximate maximum extent to which urban and suburban types of services and/or development should be considered within the foreseeable future. It is recommended that major developments and/or the extension of public utilities within or in close proximity of this boundary should be avoided until such time that it becomes apparent that growth demands can no longer be met within the other planning districts. By staging development in this manner, nw d:"ffls\plktn-mp 39 89374 �,- growth will be encouraged to occur in a logical progression outward from existing development concentrations. LAND USE CATEGORIES AGRICULTURAL CONSERVATION ; ' ..' As a means of promoting and protecting the majority of the Township's important farmland, the Future Land Use Plan map proposes the designation of an Agricultural Conservation District. This district would encompass over 75% of the Township's land area. Within the planning area, non-farm development would be discouraged and rural land uses such as open space and farming would be promoted. The Agricultural Conservation District contains the majority of soils that have been classified as "prime agricultural" soils by the U.S.D.A and also contains the majority of land that is presently I enrolled in the P.A. 116, "Farmland Open Space Preservation Program". Many soils in this district also pose severe limitations on development due to their inability to accommodate on site septic systems and/or other building limitations. The existence of "prime agricultural soils", the concentration of P.A. 116 enrolled land, severe environmental limitations, the existing farming activity and the large amount of unfragmented parcels suitable for farming activity are the principal parameters used in defining the general boundaries of the district. The primary objectives of this planning district are: 1. To promote farming activities as the primary land use in the areas of the Township best suited for such use; 2. To preserve woodlands and wetlands associated with farms which, because of their natural characteristics, are valuable as water retention and ground water recharge areas and as habitat for plant and animal life and which have an important and aesthetic scenic value which contributes to the unique character of the agricultural preservation district 3. To prevent the conversion of agricultural land to scattered non-farm development, which when unchecked, unnecessarily increases the cost of public services to all citizens and results in the premature disinvestment in agricultural. Implementation Measures Recommended mechanisms and guidelines for use in achieving objectives of the agricultural preservation district include: 1. Continue to encourage the enrollment of farm lands in the Farm Land and Open Space Preservation Program and the dedication of conservation easements to land trusts. nw d..\rns\plktn-mp 40 89374 �- ----------------------------------- 2. Through zoning regulations, discourage residential development that does not directly serve farm families and farm workers. Review and monitor the effectiveness of current zoning regulations in conserving imported farmlands. 3. Encourage the majority of residential development to occur in areas less suitable for farming activities and near public services and utilities. 4. Avoid the extension of public utilities into agricultural areas as a means of discouraging intensive non-farm development ' 1•• - J WATERFRONT RESIDENTIAL DISTRICT rI ~ I I • 1 The Waterfront Residential District has been assigned to the land area lying between the Grand River and Leonard Street Within this area, it is intended that low density residential uses, various recreational types of uses, farming (when properly practiced), and natural wildlife habit be the primary uses. The primary intent of this district is to ensure the prevention of economic and environmental damage due to flooding or intensive development patterns. In line with these objectives, it is necessary that land use controls that ensure the preservation of the value and character of the Grand River corridor and the river's natural floodplain be utilized. Implementation Mechanisms { 1. Consider the imposition of a large minimum residential lot size to avoid intensive, haphazard development, and through optional flexible zoning provisions encourage the clustering of development on soils best suited to support the development 2. Consider properties within this district as the highest priority for public acquisition in the . location of new parks and recreation areas. 3. Develop a floodplain overlay zoning district which imposes strict zoning regulations on uses that would fall within the Grand River's 100-year floodplain. 4. Avoid the installation of public utilities within the district unless they are needed to solve existing dangers to public health problems. . Low DENSITY RESIDENTIAL The Low Density Residential Planning area is applied to several areas of the Township that contain soils generally amenable to single family residential development at densities of approximately one unit per acre without the provisions of public utilities. Much of this area has experienced some development pressure, as witnessed by the number of existing homes and parcels of less than 10 acres that already exist within the areas. The boundaries, therefore, generally reflect the emerging pattern of rural non-farm development The primary role of these areas is the accommodation of future development that is predominantly residential in nature in a manner that still preserves the area's rural and unique -- - ---~- 89374 41 nw d:'ms'plktn-mp - ---- - - _- _----= -_ �p. environmental qualities. It is also intended to ultimately serve as a transitional area between the areas devoted more exclusively to agriculture and the higher concentrations of non-farm, suburban type development. In considering zoning requests for Low Density Residential, the township should avoid situations that would result in scattered or leapfrog development. IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISMS . I _,,, The following mechanisms are intended for use in achieving the objectives of a low density residential district. 1. Due to the existing lack of utilities and generally heavy soils, amend the current Single Family Residential Zoning District regulations to restrict the minimum lot size within the district to approximately one acre for unplatted and platted parcels without public utilities, and 20,000 square feet for platted parcels if public water and/or sewage utilities are made available. 2. Permit duplex dwelling units as special uses within plats at the time of plat approval, thereby controlling their location and number, and ensuring their compatibility. 3. Future zoning to the Low Density Residential Classification is recommended to only occur incrementally, based upon the demand for development of the type that would be all9wed in the Low Density Residential district and it is demonstrated that the appropriate infrastructure is available to support the higher intensity of development. r. \ '' ,-, ,i. .- MEDWM DENSITY RESIDENTIAL i - ' ,_ ' . This classification is designed to accommodate single family development at densities of two to three dwelling units per acre and preplanned multi-family developments of a density, of up to six dwelling units per acre. By adherence to stringent site selection and design standards, multifamily developments are intended to co-exist with existing single family homes and new single family developments that may locate in the same planning district. The types of dwelling units and densities envisioned in the MDR area can serve as transitional uses between non-residential uses and low density residences or between high density residential uses and low density residences. Because public sewer and water is necessary for these densities of development in order to assure long-range public health, such developments should not be approved until proper public sewer and water service is available. For this reason, the MOR designation has been allocated primarily only to the area around Coopersville. As a sub-category of the MDR District, the Manufactured Housing Planning area has been allocated to an area in Section 26, south of I-96. This area is intended to satisfy the land needs for additional manufactured home parks within the Township. This location was selected because of its proximity to existing utilities, its location along an improved street, and good nw d:'ms'pllctn-mp 42 89374 �access to the expressway. Given the concerns that typically arise over manufactured housing parks with regard to increased traffic volumes and reduction of adjoining property values, this area offers a viable mobile home park setting while minimizing the potential for land use conflicts. ...... i't ,.~ The Plan also recognizes the existing mobile home park in Section 8. However, because of the distance to community services, shopping, and fire protection, the Plan does not support major expansion of this park or the development of additional mobile home park since this area or similar locations throughout the Township. Limited expansion of the existing mobile home park should only be considered if health issues relative to sanitary sewage disposal can be adequ.ately addressed. ' [. 1' L. I I '; I Within the planning horizon, the conditions necessary to support high density residential developments do not appear feasible or desirable from a planning standpoint. Therefore, no high density residential areas are proposed here. It is recommended, however, that the need and location for high density residential uses be periodically re-examined as growth in and adjacent to the City of Coopersville occurs. Implementation Measw-es 1. Develop and implement zoning and subdivision design standards appropriate for the regulation of single family developments at densities of 2 to 3 du/acre. 2. Develop and implement Planned Unit Development zoning provisions to accommodate multi-family and manufactured housing developments and which allow flexibility in their design. 3. Limit the density for areas designated as Medium Density Residential to no more than six units per acre and require provision of public sewer and water. 4. Defer the rezoning of identified Medium Density Residential lands until specific applications are made. .. ,i L_; r - COMMERCIAL LAND USE Typically, commercial establishments seek out major streets with high traffic volumes to maximize their visibility and encourage drive-in trade. However, when a major street begins to develop commercially, traffic congestion too often occurs and conflicts result between through traffic and the vehicles entering and existing driveways. • This plan recognizes that demands for a wide variety of commercial development in the Coopersville/Polkton Township area are likely to increase within the planning period. These deman~ are most likely to be greatest near the I-96/68th Avenue interchange where traffic volumes are greatest and the new businesses can take advantage of the more concentrated consumer market in and around Coopersville. MShd4\plk1n-mp\aca 43 89374 �.·-. One imponant factor that warrants limiting the allocation of land for future commercial use within the Township is the availability of planned and zoned commercial areas within the City of Coopersville. Because nearby areas of Coopersville are better served by utilities and other infrastructure, it is logical that the most intensive commercial activities should be concentrated within the City. However, in recognition of the locational qualities of certain areas for ultimate commercial use and the advantages of allocating lands for long-range planning purposes, the plan identifies three areas in Polkton Township for the suppon of future community/highway oriented types of commercial activity. These areas are located along Arthur Street and State Road both near the I-96/68th Avenue interchange and at the I-96/48th Avenue interchange. L. The types of businesses that are expected to find potential Polkton Township sites attractive include lumberyards, mobile and motor home sales lots, and similar uses that require relatively large acreages and few utilities. More intensive commercial uses such as supermarkets, banks, restaurants, and other retail uses are not recommended to be located in these areas until such ti.me that adequate areas within the City of Coopersville are no longer available and appropriate public utilities are provided to serve the areas. In addition to the two 1-96 interchange commercial areas, the 68th Avenue/Leonard Street intersection is identified as a planned location for a neighborhood convenience commercial businesses. This planning area is limited in size and intended to accommodate small retail and service types of establishments catering to the needs of nearby residents in the Eastmanville area. Implementation Measures Unless careful site planning and access controls are instituted, conflicts between uses can occur, opportunities for integrated uses loss, and the capacity of streets can be greatly reduced. It is therefore recommended that the rezoning of land designated by the Land Use Plan for commercial purposes be done cautiously to help assure that development does not occur prematurely or haphazardly, with disregard for the lack of utilities or the uses that are in existence or could develop on an adjoining site. Implementation of the commercial land use plan should therefore include the following recommendations: I L r , 1. Utilization of flexible planned unit development zoning provisions that would allow the revi~w and approval of proposals incorporating integrated mixed uses, joint access, and alternate access characteristics. 2. Utilization of zoning standards and a site plan review process which promotes desirable objectives and the careful scrutinization of such site plan features such as: • Water Supply, Wastewater Collection, and Storm Drainage: Until public systems for these utilities are provided, it is recommended that major development not be permitted unless careful consideration is given to the ability of individual methods to handle the expected water demands, wastewater generation, and stormwater runoff. MShd4\plkm-mp\aea 44 89374 �• Driveway Location and Spacing: Driveways should be located as far from street intersections as possible to avoid left turn conflicts and businesses should be encouraged to use joint driveways whenever possible. Driveways should be at least 200 feet apart to reduce conflicts and provide gaps in traffic for safer ingress and egress. It is recommended that commercial parcels located on arterials have a minimum of 200 feet of street frontage to promote adequate driveway spacing. • Landscaping: Commercial development should provide landscaping along the street edge to enhance aesthetics and screen parking areas. Specific landscaping requirements should be incorporated to ensure adequate and uniform landscape treatment among businesses. ' ' • Alternate Access: A secondary means of ingress and/or egress should be provided, if possible. Such alternate access could take the form of access to an intersecting street for comer parcels, access across adjacent parking lots, access to another street to the rear of the property, a frontage road or service drive parallel to a major street, or a similar alternative. • Signs: The number, size, and locations of signs should be controlled and kept to a reasonable minimum to avoid motorist confusion and to ensure individual business identities. • Pedestrian Access: Where and when appropriate, sidewalks or paths should be provided to link businesses with each other and residential areas. .' ,- INDUSTRIAL LAND USE PLAN '. The Industrial Land Use classification as depicted on the Land Use Plan is fairly extensive and is intended to identify and reserve land for "potential" industrial development far into the future. . Intensive industrial development within the area shown would require the provision of public sewer and water. Therefore, only light industries that require very little demands for such uses should be considered in the near future. ' / The illustration of the large expanse of area is intended to provide flexibility in site selection for those who may desire to develop industrial parks or those requiring large industrial sites. However, once a more concise pattern of industrial development has been established, it is recommended that the Township re-evaluate the demands for industrial growth and taylor future master plan updates to reflect more precisely a desirable concentrated pattern of long-range industrial development. The following guidelines are intended for use in implementing the industrial land use plan: 45 nw d:'ms\plklD-mp -- - 89374 �1 • Encourage industrial development to be concentrated in one or two areas by withholding the rezoning of parcels to industrial unless they are contiguous to existing parcels of industrially zoned land or are of a size intended to support a pre-planned industrial park. r~ 1• r 2. Incrementally expand the availability of industrial zoned properties within the planning period based on demonstrated need rather than speculation, keeping in mind that development without public utilities should be carefully monitored. 3. Improve plan site review standards relative to industrial uses to ensure building and site design quality and that those industries being proposed without public sewer and water facilities will not jeopardize environmental quality. 4. Encourage the creation of indusf!ial subdivisions rather than piecemeal development to help assure coordinated development and collective use of necessary roads, drainage and other improvements. 5. Incorporate provisions in the zoning ordinance that would discourage extensive outdoor storage and activity areas that would detract from the character of _the Township. 6. Encourage the landscaping of industrial sites through site plan review. 7. Discourage the development of heavy industries which because of their scale or type of operation could have severe environmental implications or overburden public services. 8. Incorporate access control mechanisms similar to those recommended for the commercial areas into zoning provisions relative to the industrial zone. NATURAL FEATURES PRESERVATION 1 ·, l 1 t .•: The following objectives and guidelines should be applied throughout the Township, and coupled with recommended land uses and densities outlined in the previous sections, are intended to promote a balance between the accommodation of future development and the need to protect the natural environment In order to preserve the rural character of the Township and protect the quality of the environment, the Plan makes the following recommendations: Through site plan review, subdivision regulations and a public education program: - Encourage the construction of roads that follow contours rather than running against them. - Encourage minimum grading and cut fill activities on steep slopes. - Encourage the concealment of buildings located on prominent hillsides. - Discourage the filling of wetlands. - Evaluate soil suitability for the proposed use. - Discourage the over improvement of building sites in rural areas that would replace natural vegetation with large manicured lawns, and other forms of urban landscaping. ow d:'ms\plk1n-mp 46 89374 �JO .••••• 11 1~1 I '\._ I l2B ~I ....~ HAYES ST. LEGEND: c:::=J AGRICULTURE CONSERVATION PLANNING DISTRICT ~ WATERFRONT RESIDENTIAL PLANNING DISTRICT LOW DENSlTY RESIDENTIAL PLANNING DISTRICT ezzz::a UEDJUM DENSITY RESIDENTIAL PLANNlNG DISTRICT ~ MANUFACTURED HOUSING PLANNlNG DISTRICT ffiGHWAY COMYERCIAL PLANNlNG DISTRICT alfBi NEIGHBORHOOD COWERCIAL PLANNlNG DISTRICT ~ INDUSTRIAL PLANNlNG DISTRICT +,. .... ~ POLKTON TOWNSHIP OTT A WA COUNTY , aactlOAN FUTURE LAND USE PLAN JANUARY, 1991 Map7 L --~ :Iii\ -_......................... -......_.,,..~ .... _,. ................ _.,... ____ �~ ~-J 5 4 Tl>FT Sf. LEGEND: C:=:J AGRICULTURE CONSERVATION PLANNING DISTRICT ~ WATERFRONT RESIDENTIAL PLANNING DISTRICT ez'ZZ1 LOW DENSITY RESIDENTIAL PLANNING DISTRICT MEDIUll DENSITY RESIDENTIAL PLANNING DISTRICT ~ MANUFACTURED HOUSING PLANNING DISTRICT - afm IDGHWAY COMMERCIAL PLANNING DISTRICT NEIGHBORHOOD COMMERCIAL PLANNING DISTRICT ~ INDUSTRIAL PLANNING DISTRICT + ---- b5iz." POLKTON TOWNSHIP ,.. OTTAWA COUNTY • MCHIGAN FUTURE LAND USE PLAN JANUAP.Y, 1991 Map7 . - ..____. - ... •........... .. _ ..... .T ~ _.........................-... ..... �- Encourage the use of natural drainageways versus channelization or underground drains. ... ., e 2. Cooperate with the Ottawa County Drain Commission to ensure strict enforcement of the Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control Act If necessary, adopt and enforce a local ordinance. 3. Inform residents and farmers of the problems of over fertili~tion of lawns and fields near water bodies and drainageways. 4. Inform residents of measures that should be taken for proper septic tank and drainfield maintenance and operation. 5. Inform residents with livestock and other domesticated animals of the hazards of locating feeding areas and animal runs w~ere nutrients from animal waste can readily enter surface waters in the form of runoff. 6. Support State and County laws and administrative programs which help to protect natural resources. The following list of State and County approvals is directed toward the major environmental protection needs of the area. FEATURE OF CONCERN · AGENCY OR APPROVAL REQUIREMENT Wetlands State wetlands permits issued by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources are required for alteration of any wetland contiguous to lakes, streams, and other water bodies, and for wetlands classified by the DNR. Proper septic system location and installation for surface water and groundwater quality protection Permit required from the Ottawa County Health Department Erosion control during construction An earth change which is within 100 feet of a lake or stream or is one or more acres in size requires a construction permit from the Ottawa County Drain Commission. This agency presently administers the provisions of the Michigan Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control Act within Polkton Township. Adequate drainage facilities minimize flooding The Otta-wa County Drain Commissioner reviews All subdivision plats to assure adequate drainage facilities. Proposals for developments with storm water outlets to county drains, as well as mobile home park proposals, are also subject to approval by the Drain Commissioner's office. On-site retention of stormwater is often required. nw d:'ms\pllttn-mp 48 89374 �Roadside drainage . ~-. , I ' ' I The Ottawa County Road Commission reviews all subdivisions for conformance with Road Commission standards. For large lot developments, surface drainage to roadside ditches is allowed. If the development is not a subdivision but results in a drainage discharge to a roadside ditch, approval from the County Road Commission is required. Runoff must be restricted and retained on-site to assure an agricultural rate of runoff. • Spill prevention plans at industrial sites The Michigan Department of Natural Resources reviews and approves Pollution Incident Prevention Plans submitted by businesses. Businesses are required to submit such a plan if they store or use critical materials on the "Critical Materials Register", salt, or large quantities of fuel. Wastewater treatment systems with discharges of more than 10,000 gallons/day of sanitary sewage The Michigan Department of Natural Resources issues groundwater discharge permits when discharges of more than 10,000 gallons/day, of sanitary sewerage (or other discharges) are proposed. The provisions apply to large-scale septic systems and other types of wastewater facilities. Proposed discharges must meet require ments of the Part 22 Rules of the Water Resources ·- . - ( .i ' Commission Act. \ ' Wastewater treatment systems which discharge into lakes and streams require a federal NPDES permit (National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit), which is issued by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. .. 8. Developers should be encouraged to contact state and county agencies at the earliest possible point in the site plan preparation process and to incorporate state and county agency requirements for resource protection into site plans presented to the Township. PUBUC UTILITIES ·tJ In areas such as Polkton Township where heavy soils restrict the utility of private on-site septic systems and deep, quality groundwater aquifers are expensive to tap for domestic water use, the availability of public sewer and water systems are essential to the support of urban densities and types of land use. Because of this, Polkton Township, through its future policies to provide or not provide public utilities has the ability to greatly influence the timing, location, and intensity of most types of intensive future development. aw d:'ms'illlctn-mp . 49 89374 �r l . ! ' ' r. I ' I ' I i. As a major tool in the implementation of the Master Plan, it is recommended that the Township weigh such policies carefully. When and if utility agreements and extensions are made, they should be done in a manner consistent with the Master Land Use Plan. Based upon current growth rates and the logic of encouraging the majority of intensive growth to occur first within the City of Coopersville, it is suggested that the provision of public sewer within the unincorporated areas of Polkton can and should be avoided until well into the 20-year planning period. Nonetheless, it is recommended that the Township and the City of Coopersville work together to plan the timing and scale of collection and treatment facilities based upon longrange service boundary agreements. To facilitate the future expansion of the City's current lagoon site, it is recommended that the Township encourage the reservation of existing vacant lands east of the site. It is therefore suggested that negotiations between the City and Township for the establishment of long-range service agreements and boundaries be commenced prior to any major expansions to the City's current treatment capacity or prior to the extension of major sewer trunklines to within reach of the existing City/fownship boundary. '·· It is also recommended that similar discussions occur relative to the provision of public water in the areas immediately surrounding the City of Coopersville. • As previously discussed, a water distribution system along Leonard Street in the southern portion of the Township is currently under study. In support of the land use recommendations for the Riverfront Residential Planning Area, it is recommended that the service area for this potential system be limited in extent to serve primarily those properties lying north of Leonard Street and those others, which because of current well water problems, are in need of the alternative water supply. TRANSPORTATION The road system serves as the backbone for growth and development of any community. By providing a means for internal and external circulation, it serves the community by helping shape the intensity of land use. Thus, this costly and highly visible element of the community's infrastructure is one of the most dynamic features of the community's on-going development. Problems The major problem with the street system is increased traffic volume on unpaved rural collectors. Other factors that may become increasingly 'significant as growth continues include the need for better traffic and access controls along primary roads to avoid traffic and land use conflicts, and the incomplete grid pattern of the street system. nw d:'mslpllan-mp 50 89374 �Recommendations The following transportation related recommendations are intended to address existing problems and to avoid problems in the future: - Within zoning and subdivision regulations institute access controls intended to reduce traffic conflicts along the major and minor arterials thereby preserving their volume and function. : . , \. I. · - Establish road improvement priorities. Through cooperation with the Ottawa County Road Commission and City of Coopersville, monitor traffic volumes and road conditions as part of the program of establishing road improvement priorities. In this way, the Township can objectively allocate its limited resources to those areas having the greatest need. - Consider the ability of existing roadway conditions to handle projected traffic volumes resulting from new development when reviewing site plans and rezoning requests. .',: - Implement the Land Use Plan. This document contains specific land use recommendations which reflect the adequacy of the existing roadway system. Taken collectively, the incremental implementation of the various land use proposals will, over the long term, mini.mize the need for road improvements. - It is recommended that zoning and subdivision controls officially recognize the hierarchy of the road network by taking into consideration the traffic volume, noise, speed and clear vision requirements of each roadway class. Such requirements should translate in larger minimum lot frontages and building setbacks along major streets than those along local residential streets. COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND PUBUC/SEMI•PUBUC LAND RECREATION Analysis of local recreational opportunities within the Township shows that Township residents presently must rely on, and at times, compete with others for the use of facilities located in other nearby communities. While these facilities are adequate for their intended use, it must also be recognized that as the area's population increases, Polkton Township must become increasingly responsible for providing additional opportunities for its residents. While it does not appear that the needs identified in the preceding chapter are critical at the present time, it is important that planning and decision making for the ultimate provision of additional recreational facilities begin at an early stage. This is especially important in terms of land acquisition, where early acquisition can greatly reduce overall costs and better assure the ability to acquire land in the most desirable location. It is therefore recommended that the Township take the following measures in establishing a parks and recreation program, in fulfillment of the above objectives. nw d:'m1'1illt1n-mp 51 89374 �1. Appoint a "Park Commission" under the provisions of P.A. 271 of 1921, or an "Ad-hoc" Citizen's Committee to: Identify potential future park sites Prepare a Parks and Recreation plan capable of qualifying the Township for the receipt of various grant funds available through the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Identify and pursue other potential funding sources such as private foundations and other local, state and federal programs. Work with the Ottawa County and adjacent communities and school districts to ensure a coordinated approach to providing facilities with organized recreational activities. Monitor citizen needs and concerns. Make necessary recommendations to the Township Board with respect to on-going parks and recreation needs in the areas of administrative, budgeting and operation and maintenance. SCHOOL F ACIUTIES It is recommended that the Township work closely with the various school districts in their efforts to assure that the necessary educational facilities are provided. Should new school sites in Polkton Township be considered, it will be important that the Township have adequate lead time to consider possible land use and development related implications. PUBUC!SEMI-PUBUC LAND The plan recognized that a variety of public and semi public uses such as churches, parks, cemeteries, schools and others need to be located in rural and residential areas. However, in permitting such uses, measures must be taken to insure compatibility with nearby residential uses. Traffic, noise, lighting, and trespass should therefore be carefully controlled in order to mitigate the negative impact on residential uses. nw d:\rns'lpllctn-mp 52 89374 �Th1PLEMENTATION In }' ' • I \ I• L ,•· · ; I } l order for the Master Plan to serve as an effective guide to the continued development of Polkton Township, it must be implemented. Primary responsibility for implementing the Plan rests with the Polkton Township Board of Trustees, the Planning Commission, and the Township staff. This is done through a number of methods. These include ordinances, programs, and administrative procedures which are described in this chapter. It is important to note that the Master Plan itself has no legal authority to regulate development in order to implement the recommendations of the Plan. This implementation must come from the decisions of the Township Board and Planning Commission to provide needed public improvements and to administer and establish regulatory measures relative to the use of the land. The private sector, including individual home and land owners, is also involved in fulfilling the recommendations of the Master Plan by the actual physical development of land uses and through the rezoning of land. The authority for this, however, comes from the Township. Cooperation between the public and private sectors is therefore important in successful implementation of the Master Plan. ZONING Zoning represents a legal means for the Township to regulate private property to achieve orderly land use relationships. It is the process most commonly used to implement community Master Plans. The zoning process consists of an official zoning map and zoning ordinance text. The official zoning map divides the comm.unity into different zones or districts within which certain uses are permitted and others are not. The zoning ordinance text notes the uses which are permitted and establishes regulations to control densities, height, bulk, setbacks, lot sizes, and accessory uses. The zoning ordinance also sets forth procedures for special approval regulations and sign controls. These measures permit the Township to control the quality as well as the type of development. Subsequent to the adoption of this Plan, the Township Planning Commission and Township Board should review and make any necessary revisions to the zoning regulations to ensure that the recommendations of the plan as outlined in the previous section are instituted. SUBDIVISION ORDINANCE Currently, the Township does not have its own subdivision control ordinance. Thus, any requests to plat property or create a subdivision would be done so according to the provisions of the Subdivision Control Act, Act 288 of 1967. This provides adequate but limited authority for the State to regulate new subdivisions. Site condominiums are a relatively new form of land 1 :'ml\pllan-mp 53 89374 �• ; .... ownership that is not regulated under the Plat Act It is recommended that adoption of a sulxlivision control ordinance and regulations governing site condominiums be considered in the near future. CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS PROGRAM Capital Improvements Programming is the first step in a comprehensive management system designed to relate priorities and programs to community goals and objectives. It is a means of planning ahead for the funding and implementation of major construction and land acquisition activities. The typical CIP is six years in length and updated yearly. The first year in each CIP contains the capital improvement budget The program generally includes a survey of the longrange needs of the entire governmental unit covering major planned projects along with their expected cost and priority. The Township Board then analyzes the projects, financing options, and the interrelationship between projects. Finally, a project schedule is developed. Priority projects are included in the Capital Improvement Program. Low priority projects may be retained in a Capital Improvement Schedule which may cover as long as 20 years. The CIP is useful to the Township, private utilities, citizens, and investors, since it allows coordination in activities and provides the general public with a view of future expectations. PLANNING EDUCATION l , Planning Commissions should attend planning seminars to keep themselves informed of planning issues and learn how to better carry out their duties and responsibilities as Planning Commissioners. These seminars are regularly sponsored by the Michigan Society of Planning Officials (MSPO) and the Michigan Township Association (MTA) and are a valuable resource for Planning Commissions. There are also several planning publications which are a useful information tool for Planning Commissioners. The main publications are Plannine and Zonine ~ and Micbiean Planner Maeazine. PUBLIC INFORMATION It is important that the proposals of this Plan be discussed and understood by the citizens of Polkton Township. Acceptance of this Plan by the public is essential to its successful implementation. Steps should be taken to make Township residents aware of this Plan and the continuing activities of the Planning Commission. This can be accomplished through newspaper reports of Planning Commission activity. Contact with local civic and service organizations is another method which can be used to promote the Township's planning activities and objectives. REVISIONS TO THE MASTER PLAN .e The Master Plan should be updated periodically (minor review every one to two years, major review every five to ten years) in order to be responsive to new growth trends and current Township attitudes. As growth occurs over the years, the Master Plan goals, land use information, population projections, and other pertinent data should be reviewed and revised as necessary so the Plan can continue to serve as a valid guide to the growth of the Township. nw d:'ms\plk1n-mp 54 89374 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Polkton-Twp_Master-Plan_1991 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Polkton Township Planning Commission, Polkton Township, Ottawa County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991-01 Title A name given to the resource Polkton Township Master Plan Description An account of the resource The Polkton Township Master Plan was prepared by the Polkton Township Planning Commission with assistance from WW Engineering & Science, Inc. and was adopted in January 1991. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource WW Engineering & Science, Inc. (consultant) Subject The topic of the resource Master plan reports Polkton Township (Mich.) Ottawa County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3cd8aa4f9d25ed3914d0c884ac6d0efc.mp4 9e6b275a9ba8e9511cd754526c323c9a https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0329c6908733e6fe6b85c428ee76ff61.pdf c1355f7061318504ae22fec07d200995 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Francis Poll (01:12:37) (00:15) Background Information • • • • • Francis was born in Manton, Michigan and lived on a farm He graduated from high school in 1938 and began looking for work, but there were not many jobs available at that time He had an interview with GM, but they would not hire him because they thought he was too young He finally got work working with casting of auto parts He was 21 years old when he was drafted into the Army in August of 1941 (5:45) Training • • • • • • • • • Francis was sent to Allegan for induction and then boarded a troop train to Texas He began training on October of 1941, but they did not have enough rifles for everyone so some men had to train with a wooden stick They got lots of exercise hiking and marching When Pearl Harbor was attacked MPs came to tell all the military personnel to get back to camp Training had always been “if we go to war,” and it was then “when we go to war” Francis was training in Texas for 16 weeks and then took a train to Fort Dix in New Jersey to a debarkation port They continued training and were immunized They began gathering equipment for overseas for about a month Everyone thought they were going to the Pacific, but they ended up going to Europe (11:20) Overseas • • • • • They boarded a large English ship that was sister to the Lusitania They traveled in a convoy with troop ships, container vessels, and were escorted by the Navy and zig zagging to avoid submarines They left in April of 1942 and Francis was so sick he was coughing up blood The convoy landed in Northern Ireland in May and the men set up camp It rained a lot and they were living in tents, but Francis still thought that Ireland was very nice �• They continued training in Ireland for about 7 months and no one knew where they might be going next (17:20) Algiers • • • • Francis traveled to Algiers on an English cruiser called the Sheffield with a convoy through the Straights of Gibraltar They were working in the French part of the city, which had great food and champagne They left in January 1942 and were ordered to report to the front They boarded 6 by 6 trucks and headed to Tunisia to relieve French troops (26:30) Fighting in Africa • • • • They were doing well in Africa, fighting for about five days and then taking a couple off They went on a wolf mission in February and joined another force in the town on Fondouk in March They were fighting over one hill after another and sometimes had to retreat from the Germans who had a lot of fire power and were very accurate Francis was fighting in Fondouk for two months before he was promoted to sergeant (34:20) Ending of Africa Campaign • • • The Germans were starting to fall back and things seemed to going better for US troops Resistance continued to decrease and they began taking in many POWs The war continued to die down with the invasion of Italy (40:10) Landing D-Day +2 • • • • • Frances landed in Salerno with the 9th Division and the area was heavily defended They were surrounded by Germans for about 16 hours and completely outnumbered Their company commander had been looking for them and thought they were all MIA They finally realized that Americans were nearby and that most of the Germans had left They were eventually taken off the front lines and given replacements so they could rest (44:35) Cassino • • • Francis was working in Italy and many people were dying from mines They were ordered to go to the line of departure and attack in Cassino They took a terrible beating in Cassino and their company commander was killed �• They then went back to Salerno and took a troop ship to Algiers and eventually made it back to the states (50:25) Time on Furlough • • • • Francis had enough points to go home and had earned a silver star while in Africa He arrived in march and had 6 weeks off; he got married on his time off on April 9, 1944 It was great to be back home, but hard to get used to civilian life Francis received orders to report to Fort Meade in Maryland; he was expecting to be sent back to Italy (55:45) Hand Grenade Training • • • • • Francis was told that he was not going back to Italy, but would help train others He was a staff sergeant and training others with weapons, mostly grenades In July of 1944 he was promoted to a superior instructor and brought his wife to Maryland to live off base They rented a room from a nice, elderly lady and lived near a horse track In July of 1945 Francis found out his wife was pregnant and he was going to be discharged (1:04:40) The End of the War • • • • Francis went back home to Michigan and it took some time to get back to civilian life He began working again at his old job, but could not stand working inside all day Francis checked into working at Michigan Bell, for the railroad, and the police He ended up working for the Grand Rapids Fire Department for 35 years � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PollF Title A name given to the resource Poll, Francis (Interview outline and video), 2008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Poll, Francis Description An account of the resource Francis Poll grew up in Michigan and was drafted into the Army in August 1941. He trained as an infantryman in Texas, and his unit was sent to Northern Ireland for additional training, and went to North Africa in early 1943. He participated in fighting in Tunisia and Italy, including the battles at Salerno and Cassino, before being transferred home in 1944, where he served in a training command for the rest of the war. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Byron Area Historic Museum (Byron Center, Mich.) BCTV Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans United States. Army World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Video recordings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-02-12 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/fbaa7ac9fa8b911ee6877dfbaa83bdba.jpg 162cb92d8228b63aa725b33f361921f0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Decorated Publishers' Bindings Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Description An account of the resource From the early 1870s to roughly 1930, many publishers issued their commercial book covers with a remarkable variety of graphic designs and illustrations. This sixty-year period saw many artists and designers contributing to this art form. While some can be identified from their style or initials, others remain unknown. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Michigan Novels Collection Regional Historical Collection Lincoln and the Civil War Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-30 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a>, <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source Seidman Rare Books. PS3501.N234 P65 1922 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01_Bindings0360 Title A name given to the resource Polly the Pagan Description An account of the resource Binding of Polly the Pagan, by Isabel Anderson, published by The Page Company, 1922. Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1922 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9a1ad86fcb75254c192aa4b0cc0605c5.mp4 57cd55028ee7364f3f8a653341e0af25 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f4604fc1d2be01e1f57bd0529221a963.pdf 04955a0dec85aaf2f374676a8754090b PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans’ History Project Name of War: World War II Interviewee’s Name: Arthur Polmanteer Length of Interview: 28 minutes Pre-Enlistment (00:11)  Childhood (00:15) o  Family (00:41) o  Polmanteer was born in Trout Lake, Upper Michigan on March 3, 1921. (00:26) His father was a lumberman while his mother was a housewife. Grew up with two brothers and two sisters. (00:47) His Job (01:12) o Before being drafted, he worked at a metal office furniture factory. His younger brother Lloyd had already joined up as a paratrooper. (01:22) Enlistment and Basic Training (02:09)  Why he joined up (02:16) o  Was already married, when he was drafted in January, 1944. (02:28) Where he went (02:36) o Was sent to Fort McClellan, AL where he underwent basic training for 6 weeks. Spent 10 days home afterwards and was then sent home. (02:45) o Served as a replacement in a heavy weapons company while attached to the 78th Division upon being deployed to Schmidt Germany. (02:58) Active Duty (03:12)  Battle of the Bulge (03:27) o Mentions that he was a gunner in the 78th Division when they captured the Remagen Bridge over the Rhine River. (04:08) Completed his term of active duty in March, 1946. (04:30) o Briefly describes how tough basic was and what sorts food they received in the military. (04:46) � Belgium / Germany (06:16) o Backs up and mentions that once out of basic that his unit was sent overseas to Schmidt, Germany where he met up with his unit in March and then continued to move through Central Germany. (06:23) o Describes in some detail, what combat for him felt like emotionally. (07:22)  The weather in Germany during the winter of 1944 was very cold. Spent much of his time cooped up in his foxhole. (07:54)  2nd battalion, a different unit within the 78th Division was in the thick of the fighting at the Battle of the Bulge. His heavy weapons company meanwhile was sitting tight behind the Ruhr River Valley for about a month. (09:04)  Once they received orders to move, they marched through the Hurtgen Forest. As they did so, they faced exploding artillery shells and shrapnel. He felt as though his training was adequate in preparing him for what he faced over there. (09:36)  Briefly mentions what friendships he developed while in the military. (10:48)  In terms of memories the one that stands out the most was having an exploding artillery shell come within four feet of his position while shrapnel exploded over his head. This happened while the 78th Division was securing the Remagen Bridge over the Rhine. Mentions that they drove eight to nine hours to get there. Also mentions that a few of his buddies died in the process of this deployment action. (11:40)  Stayed in touch with his family by letter writing his wife. They exchanged a daily correspondence. (13:38)  In terms of leave, he did not take any until after the war. When he did he went to London, England. (14:38) o Sachsenhausen Germany (15:50)  When they liberated the concentration camp here Polmanteer describes what they encountered here in some detail. (16:03)  On VE Day, his unit was in Germany celebrating like many others the end of the war. (16:38)  Stayed on in Europe for another three months after the war receiving jungle training in preparation of the invasion of Japan. Before being deployed to the Pacific the war ended there. (17:45) �o Going Home (18:45)  Served briefly in Berlin where he was a part of the occupational forces’ efforts there. Was then shipped by train to Antwerp where he boarded a olive ship: the Queen Mary for the U.S. (18:54)  Backs up and mentions that when he first journeyed overseas aboard a troop ship that landed first in Glasgow, Scotland; went by train down to London and then by ship to France where they received their weapons at various replacement centers. (19:58) o Home in the States (20:43)  Upon receiving a warm reception in New York City, he went by train to Camp Elderberry where he was discharged. (20:53) After the Service (21:11)  Readjusting to Home (21:42) o Upon being discharged he describes what the reception was like with his family. The transition between military and civilian life was difficult and was spent getting reacquainted with his family and not working. (21:56) o Briefly mentions what the year-to-year military reunions were like down in Nashville, TN. (22:17)  Reflection (23:35) o Describes how and what affected the most about his service time. Mentions how the experience affected him personally and how he lived his life afterwards. (23:55) o Further mentions his impressions about the attitude the German government took towards their treatment of the Jews in the concentration camps. (26:40) Interview Ends (28:27) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PolmanteerA0660V Title A name given to the resource Polmanteer, Arthur (Interview outline and video), 2009 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Polmanteer, Arthur Description An account of the resource Arthur Polmanteer is a World War II veteran who served in the U.S. Army's 78th Division from January, 1944 to 1946. In this account, Polmanteer discusses his pre-enlistment, enlistment and basic training. His unit saw action in the Hurtgen Forest, in the Battle of the Bulge, at the Remagen Bridge and into Germany, where they participated in the liberation of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Doran, Casie (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-11-03 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9a9ccf014b3d256a3f84146bcc27b556.m4v 74712c649f2c106710f854ed948d738d https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/981c1cebaa0132c41d4ebcb198458076.pdf 2e94bfe5953988cf92195a3edbbcf15c PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans’ History Project Stanley Poloski Vietnam War 1 hour 15 minutes 45 seconds (00:00:18) Early Life -Born on September 20, 1948 at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond, Virginia -Stayed in Richmond until he was about seven, or eight then moved to central Florida -Grew up there -His father was an engineer at Cape Canaveral specializing with missile development -He attended high school in Florida -Graduated high school in 1967 (00:01:11) Awareness of the Vietnam War -He was aware of the Vietnam War growing up -No one that he knew wanted to go to Vietnam -The news did not make it appealing and there was a lack of public support for it -There was the omnipresent fear of the draft (00:02:05) College and Getting Drafted -He attended college at Seminole Community College in Sanford, Florida -It was a small, new school at the time -Its buildings were portable units (essentially trailer buildings) -The protocol at the time was that not passing classes made you eligible for the draft -His grades began to slip which led to him receiving a draft notice in 1968 -A lot of young men were fleeing to Canada to avoid the draft -He went to the Army draft physical with six other friends that had been drafted -His friends were deemed medically unfit for service -He was accepted into the Army -He received his physical in Jacksonville, Florida -He was sent to a specialist in Jacksonville and then to a second physical -He had to do this because of an alleged back problem -He was still deemed physically fit for service (00:05:28) Basic Training -Sent to Fort Jackson, South Carolina for basic training -He was placed in old barracks near a place called “Heartbreak Hill” -They were wooden barracks from WWII heated by kerosene -Reported to basic training in the summer of 1969 -South Carolina was the hottest place that he had ever been -Introduced to the drill sergeants -Immediately immersed in the discipline and ordered life of the military -They were tough, but fair -Just had to behave and follow orders and you would be alright -The men that were uncooperative were the ones that would get punished -Basic training lasted six weeks -Basic training consisted mostly of physical training with some weapons training as well �-Some of the trainees couldn’t even run a half mile upon entering -At the end of training they could run up and down “Heartbreak Hill” -Basic training was physically challenging for him -The men that he trained with were exclusively draftees -Some men tried to fake injuries to get out of the Army -He felt the best way to survive was to just do his best and get through it (00:11:42) Advanced Individual Training (AIT) -After basic training he was given thirty days of leave to return home -After leave he reported to Fort Sill, Oklahoma for AIT -Ninety percent of the trainees were told that they would be sent to Vietnam -The other ten percent would be given stateside assignments or get sent to Europe -His specialization was in artillery -He flew in to Fort Sill by way of Dallas, Texas -It was the first time that he had ever been on an airplane -Stayed in WWII barracks at Fort Sill -His AIT experience was great -He had been selected to be a truck driver in AIT because of knowing how to drive stick -This meant getting to eat breakfast before everyone else -His training was to be part of an artillery gun crew, but at AIT he mostly drove trucks -Transported ammunition for guns and the guns themselves -In the AIT battery there were six guns -AIT lasted eight weeks (00:16:08) Deployment to Vietnam -He was only given ten days of leave before reporting for his deployment to Vietnam -Prior to being deployed he did not receive any specialized training pertaining to Vietnam -Most of the trainers had been to Vietnam already so they shared some knowledge -The most training they received was fighting in mock villages with mock Viet Cong -Didn’t even remotely compare to what Vietnam was actually going to be like -His family was upset that he was going to be deployed -His mother was beside herself -His father was stoic about it -He flew from Orlando, Florida to Dallas, Texas then to Oakland Replacement Depot, California -Stayed in Oakland for two days -Coming from a small Floridian town it was a culture shock to be in Oakland -From Oakland flew to Hawaii, and from Hawaii flew to Okinawa -They were allowed to explore the airports in both Hawaii and Okinawa (00:22:23) Arrival in Vietnam -From Okinawa flew to Vietnam and landed in Bien Hoa -His first impression was that the airport was surprisingly basic -Mostly consisted of tents -He was placed on a truck and drove through Vietnamese villages up to Camp Evans -Assigned to B Battery 2nd Battalion 319th Field Artillery 101st Airborne Division -In B Battery he was specifically assigned to Gun 6 -His unit was in a rear area outside of Camp Evans when he arrived -He arrived in Camp Evans in mid-November 1969 -Within fifteen minutes of getting to his gun they received a fire mission �-He was handed the radio and was told to relay coordinates to his officer -He had had no training on how to do this, but was able to do it well -Fire mission lasted fifteen hours, firing on the coordinates given continuously -The gun he was assigned to was the 105mm howitzer -At the end of the fire mission learned that all they had killed was a boa constrictor -After arriving at Camp Evans he was treated like a family member by his gun crew -Stayed at Camp Evans for three, or four, days before leaving (00:28:32) Fire Missions Prior to Ripcord -From Camp Evans flew to a firebase situated on a mountaintop -Transported the howitzer, ammunition, and personnel with a Chinook helicopter -When they arrived at the firebase it was raining and cold -Wound up getting stuck at the firebase for two, or three, weeks due to rain and fog -They couldn’t get more ammunition, or food -Had to give their food to South Vietnamese soldiers that came to the firebase -At the firebase they unloaded the ammunition and stored it in a dry place -Filled the empty ammo boxes with dirt and made fortifications with them -Prior to Ripcord travelled with the infantry to offer them artillery support -There were a handful of fire missions on the firebase that they were stuck on -Began to run out of ammunition because they couldn’t get resupplied (00:33:15) Moving to Firebase Ripcord -From the mountaintop firebase moved to another firebase for only thirty minutes -Always had to go wherever the infantry units were going -Moved to three different firebases before finally stopping at Firebase Ripcord -The primary mission of Ripcord was to disrupt communists on the Ho Chi Minh Trail -Arrived at Ripcord in March [April/May?--base not secured until April] 1970 -They were one of the first artillery units to arrive -When they arrived there was nothing on the firebase yet -His job in the gun crew was to load the howitzer -He enjoyed his job -There was a certain finesse required to insure that the gun was loaded well -At Ripcord they dug in and fortified their position -Also received aid in building up Ripcord from the Army Engineers -At Ripcord they had to transport the artillery rounds from the helipad on their own -The only help they got was from a pack mule (00:40:40) Fire Missions at Ripcord -The majority of the fire missions they carried out were being fired into the A Shau Valley -Their coordinates were delivered by primitive computer sensors placed in the Valley -They could pick up movement and then deliver coordinates to gun crews -After a fire mission was completed a recon team was sent out to survey the results -During one fire mission they destroyed thirteen Vietnamese trucks -Their gun would fire three to four rounds within ten seconds -The six other guns would do the same within the same amount of time -Able to cover an area the size of a football field with artillery fire -Other missions they fired were to support infantry in the field, or other nearby firebases -The 105mm howitzer they used had an accuracy of up to seven miles -Initially, they noticed very little enemy reaction to the fire missions �(00:43:45) Battle of Firebase Ripcord Pt. 1 -The enemy eventually began to fight back starting in June 1970 -The infantry on Ripcord would inspect the perimeter and began to notice pipe bombs -Meant to destroy perimeter fortifications, so enemy troops could pass through -Caught an enemy soldier in the perimeter wire and did something to him -Details are not on tape and shared off camera -As a result of the enemy’s reaction more infantry and mortars were sent to Ripcord (00:46:45) Conditions on Ripcord -There was an underground kitchen on Ripcord -Huey helicopters would bring in blocks of ice every day to help keep soldiers cool -Able to eat higher quality food than just rations (for example: fried chicken) (00:48:03) Battle of Firebase Ripcord Pt. 2 -Prior to July 1 they were not receiving any enemy fire -On July 1, 1970 the siege began with a rocket barrage coming from every direction -The rocket propelled grenades (RPGs) were inaccurate, but unnerving -His battery took quite a few hits from the RPGs -As the siege continued his battery began to take casualties -An officer that was standing right behind him was hit directly by an RPG -During the night U.S. Cobra gunships would come in and attack enemy positions near Ripcord -Later in the battle a Chinook helicopter was shot down and destroyed the ammo dump -This meant that there was no reserve ammunition left for the howitzers -On July 23, 1970 Ripcord was evacuated -The howitzers were left behind, only personnel were evacuated -U.S. B-52 bombers flew in and vaporized the firebase along with the Vietnamese -By the time the bombing run came the firebase was overrun -He and the other men boarded a Chinook helicopter and left Ripcord forever (01:00:43) Reassignment to the 82nd Airborne Division -From Ripcord he and the other survivors regrouped at Camp Evans -His unit didn’t have any guns, and as a result it was dissolved -He was reassigned to the 82nd Airborne Division near Saigon -In the 82nd he was attached to another howitzer crew -Never saw his old unit members again -Spent a total of five, or six, months with the 82nd Airborne Division -He saw much less action with the 82nd -Very rarely had any fire missions to carry out -During his time with the 82nd he got to go to an Australian base that was in Vietnam -Allowed to buy hard liquor -The Australians loved American soldiers -He was treated to a steak dinner by them -Only moved to two separate firebases while with the 82nd -The last firebase he was on just so happened to have been built in a cemetery -He felt that it was culturally insensitive to do that to a local cemetery (01:05:53) Race Relations and Drug Use -During his time in Vietnam he didn’t see any of the reported racial tensions -Knew that it was more of a problem in the rear than on the frontline -A lot of men were using various drugs (cocaine, hashish, and marijuana) �-You could trade a pack of cigarettes for a vial full of cocaine -He saw a lot of drug use, but never engaged in it -Felt that it would only hurt his chances of survivability -You could trade a couple packs of cigarettes for an ammo container full of joints -There was very little drinking, or drug use in the 101st Airborne -Too busy to have the downtime to do that -Drug use was far more common in the 82nd Airborne -Feels that more downtime resulted in more boredom resulting in more drug use (01:09:09) End of Deployment -At the end of his deployment he volunteered for a thirty day extension -There was a deal that if you extended for thirty days you would get out of the Army -At the end of his deployment he was proud to have served in the 101st -In Christmas 1970 the thirty day extension prerequisite was dropped -As a result he was told on Christmas Eve 1970 that he was going home (01:11:01) Coming Home -Flew from Long Binh, Vietnam to Japan to Juneau, Alaska to Fort Dix, New Jersey -Arrived at Fort Dix on New Year’s Eve 1970 -He was processed there and allowed to go on leave -At the airport in Philadelphia learned he would only be able to get to Atlanta, Georgia -Learned there was a direct flight to Orlando and was able to get on it -He was able to get back to his family on New Year’s Eve -After ten days of leave he reported to Fort Bragg, North Carolina and was discharged (01:13:52) Life after the War -Upon coming home he encountered harassment from anti-war protestors -Mostly happened at the airports that he stopped at in uniform -He was called names, and spit on -There were also evangelicals trying to convert him to Christianity to “save him” -All he wanted to do was to get home and to get out of his uniform -After the Army he went back to work at a floral shop and has continued to work there ever since � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_PoloskiS1691V Title A name given to the resource Poloski, Stanley (Interview outline and video), 2014 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-10-08 Description An account of the resource Stanley Poloski was born in 1948 in Richmond, Virginia. He lived in Richmond, Virginia until his family moved to central Florida. He grew up in Florida and attended high school and community college there until he was drafted. In the summer of 1969 he reported for basic training at Fort Jackson, South Carolina and from there took advanced individual training specializing in artillery at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. In November 1969 he was deployed to Vietnam and was assigned to B Battery 2nd Battalion 319th Field Artillery Regiment of the 101st Airborne Division based out of Camp Evans. He served with them at multiple firebases before they were sent to Firebase Ripcord in March 1970. He served at Ripcord through the Battle of Ripcord until the firebase was evacuated on July 23, 1970. After the battle his unit was dissolved and he was reassigned to the 82nd Airborne Division operating near Saigon. He stayed in Vietnam until he was sent home on Christmas Eve, 1970 arriving home on New Year's Eve, 1970. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Poloski, Stanley Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McGregor, Michael (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Moving Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/x-m4v application/pdf https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2cf581139325a06f7630260213c64dc8.pdf d4956f546c26c4082cc3ecd6c56359d1 PDF Text Text � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8000ae9abf0ca967bd86a2e91a41be3b.pdf f8babe86d5252d919a3a4d0cfb5f947c PDF Text Text � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b611002b497cff1f6e9e5fc2b0ff3778.pdf 7988ba198ea402db6291b2d22b2641e7 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Incunabula Description An account of the resource The term incunabula refers to books printed between 1450 and 1500, approximately the first fifty years following the invention, by Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, of printing from moveable type. Our collection includes over 200 volumes and numerous unbound leaves from books printed during this period. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1450/1500 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Incunabula Collection (DC-03) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United </a> Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng it la nl de Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Polycronicon [folia 9 a-d] Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03_009adHigden1482 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Higden, Ranulf, -1364 Description An account of the resource Three leaves of Polycronicon by Ranulphus Higden. Translated by John Trevisa with the continuation 1357-1460 by William Caxton. Illustrated with red rubricated initials. Printed in Westminster by William Caxton in 1482. [GW 12468; ISTC ih00267000] Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Westminster: William Caxton Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Higden, Ranulf, -1364 Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1482 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Trevisa, John (translator); Caxton, William (continuation) Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/cfdde9d5e23061cc7e5ffc0de7aa159a.jpg 0a92656952d4d522bc82c43ba9083d68 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_LS00380 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1937 Title A name given to the resource Pompeii Aerial View Description An account of the resource Black and white lantern slide aerial view of Pompeii. Serie Artistica No. 41257 Subject The topic of the resource Lantern slides Pompeii (Extinct city) Aerial photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives