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                    <text>Grand Valley State University
Veterans History Project
George Peterson Jr.
(01:02:47)
(00:25) Enlistment
•
•
•
•
•

George enlisted in the Navy when he was 17 years old
He was sent to Newport, RI for training
George made a good friend from Detroit while training and both of them decided to sign
up for the submarine service
They were sent to submarine school in the New England area [New London, CT] about
two weeks later
After nearly a year of training George graduated from submarine school and was
assigned to work on the USS Pilotfish submarine in NH

(04:55) Submarine School
•
•
•
•
•

George had been to two different schools; there was one for getting acquainted with
submarines and mechanics and the other school was for construction
They were working on newly commissioned subs that weighed about 1500 tons, were
310 feet long, and 27 feet wide
The subs could reach a depth of 425 feet and had 186 crew members
Each student was allowed one year to pass the classes and would be washed out if they
could not pass within one year
George felt that those working on submarines got better pay and better food than men
working on surface craft

(14:30) Submarine Attacks
•
•
•
•

The Pilotfish was hit by many depth charges on its fourth patrol; it was the scariest time
ever in George’s life
The sub was also hit often with aerial bombs
The sub would carry 120,000 gallons of diesel fuel when it left port
After they used the fuel they would empty the fuel tanks and convert them to driving
tanks at shore

(17:40) Submarine Life 1943-47
•
•
•
•
•
•

Every day was very routine; there were 4 sections on the sub with 25 people working in
each section
Each man would work 4 hours on in their section and then have 8 hours off
They were usually at sea for about 60 days at a time
There were only two showers on the sub and very little fresh water
They used evaporators to convert the ocean water
George and others often relaxed on their off period when they were at port

�•
•
•
•
•

There was always lots of beer, but not much whiskey
After a patrol they usually had about 2 weeks off and a relief crew would fix anything
wrong on the sub and restock it
George went on 6 war patrols altogether on the Pilotfish
George had been in port at Panama, Hawaii, Guam, Midway, and the Marshall Islands
They often played baseball with other sub crews and then would all drink together after
the game

(31:25) Duties on Board
• George had the duty of wheel watching on the sub while near Japan during the surrender
• He often stood watch on the surface and worked on radar while submerged
• The radar would help them locate enemy subs and surface craft
• The periscope stuck out of the ocean by about 65 feet
• The sub stored electricity in large batteries and there were thousands of cells on the sub
• They often had an exchange of duties and did not spend long working in one area
• Every man was trained to be able to work every job on the submarine
•
(40:15) End of the War
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

The sub had been stationed in Nagoya, Japan in August of 1945
They received a radio message that told them to cease hostilities
George was assigned to an occupation force that went into Japan
After the surrender on September 2, the officers were able to go ashore
Most of the reserves on the sub were sent home after the war, but enlisted men still had
time to make up
About 10% of the crew was usually pulled off the sub after each patrol
George had extended his service time while in Guam
The Pilotfish sank in 1946 during a bomb testing and George was then assigned to the
Catfish

(50:10) Working on Port
•
•
•
•

George had been assigned to work with the Naval police force on shore and worked
patrolling their base in Hawaii
He had been promoted to First Class Gunner’s Mate
George was offered to commission a new ship in San Diego and work on as First Class
Gunner’s Mate
He would have been in charge of the repair force on the ship, but he decided not to
extend his service and was discharged in 1952

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                    <text>Grand Valley State University
Veterans History Project
John Peterson
World War II
(45:50)
Back ground Information (00:55)
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Born July 26th 1919 in Wichita Falls, Texas. (1:00)
He was an only child. (2:04)
He was raised by his grandmother. His mother passed away and his father left him. (2:25)
His grandmother lived in Warren, Pennsylvania. This is where John was raised. (2:55)
He graduated from high school 1937. (3:32)
After high school he began working full time at a paper company In Middletown Ohio. Here he
worked on the trimming machines. (4:00)
After Pearl Harbor John enlisted in the spring of 1942. (4:45)
At the time of his enlistment he was building aircraft engines in Dayton, Ohio. (5:14)

Basic Training (5:40)
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For basic training he was sent to Camp Wheeler, Georgia. (5:50)
Basic lasted 7 weeks and was very difficult. The drill instructors were tough. (6:05)
There were approx. 200 men in his company. (6:30)
After basic he attended 8 weeks of jump school at Fort Benning, Georgia. (6:47)
He volunteered for jump school. (7:05)
During jump school the men often began with a run at 4 AM. The men had to jump 5 times in
order to earn their wings. (7:44)
The men first jumped from 200 foot towers than from 1,200 feet out of a plane. (8:10)
The trainers in jump school were just as tough on the soldiers as in basic. (8:55)
After jump training he remained at Fort Benning and was assigned to the 506th Parachute
Infantry Regiment of the 101st Airborne Division. (9:46)
He joined F company while in Hungerford, England. (11:00)

Service in Europe (11:15)
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He sailed to Europe aboard the Queen Mary. (late spring of 1944) (11:18)
His unit was then placed in Hungerford England on the coast. (11:56)
He was moved out of Hungerford in June of 1944 several weeks after arriving (12:18)
John was transported via C24 transport with about 18 other soldiers. (12:58)
His company was dropped in Normandy in the D-Day parachute landings on the night of June
5/6, 1944. (13:46)
He had difficulty reuniting with his company after landing. (14:58)
There were no German soldiers he immediately encountered. (15:20)
After being on the ground in Normandy, he was taken back to England by boat for approx. 1
month during the summer of 1944. (16:00)

�

The 101st was then sent back to Normandy and were readying to go to Paris for the winter of
1944. {Note: The 101st did not return to Normandy. They dropped into the Netherlands in
September in the Market Garden operation, and remained there until they were moved to
Mourmelon, France, late in the fall.] This plan was interrupted however by the Battle of the
Bulge. (18:16)

Combat in Europe (The Battle of the Bulge) (19:00)
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Te men were then sent by truck to Bastogne France. (19:40)
While in Bastogne, the men fought in a forested area. This terrain gave the German tanks
difficulty. (20:24)
He was in a 2 man foxhole while in combat. (21:44)
His foxhole buddy, Pedersen, was his friend during the war. However he last contact with him
after his service. (22:10)
While in his fox hole he was almost bayoneted by a German soldier. (23:34)
He did come face to face with a German soldier whom he fired upon. (24:10)
General Patton was the one who relived his unit at the bulge. (25:11)
When his unit moved into battle they were undersupplied. This worsened after the unit was
surrounded later in the Battle of the Bulge. (25:30)
Some supplies were parachuted in while the division was surrounded. (26:29)
He only knew of one casualty during the Battle of the Bulge but he is unsure of the total number
taken from the company. (27:22)
During his service he was an infantryman. (29:15)
While in the field, John shot a chicken in hopes of cooking it later. (28:40)
While digging is foxhole on one occasion he accidentally dug up German head. (29:25)
After The Battle of the Bulge, he and his company continued east into Germany. (30:00)

Late Service in Europe (30:58)

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

His company liberated prisoner camps and concentration camps. He recalled the awful smell of
both. He also recalls the poor state, particularly in the concentration camp, that the prisoners
were in. (31:00)
His unit eventually ended up at the Eagle’s Nest in Berchtesgaden Germany in 1945. When he
reached the Eagle’s Nest there were no men there. (31:48)
After Berchtesgaden, John and his company where sent south to Austria in the summer of 1945.
(33:18)
Initially he felt that the men were in Austria to prepare to aid in the invasion of Japan. He and
the other men were issued new equipment. (33:40)
The men left from a port in France on the Queen Mary to return to the U.S. (35:05)

Experiences in Europe (35:20)
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John was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation and 39 medals and ribbons including the Purple
Heart. Several of the medals were rewarded in 2011. (35:40)
At the end of the war John held the rank of Staff Sergeant. (36:52)
He contacted his wife when in Europe via mail. (37:47)
He was married and had 2 children before enlisting in the service. (38:40)

�



While in the Battle of the Bulge the men in his unit ate K rations. They were not able to light
fires during this battle. K rations remained the primary food source for most of his time in
Europe while in the field. (40:16)
For entertainment the men often would play cards. He did experience some USO shows. (42:57)
While based in England he had a 10 day leave in Scotland. (43:58)

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                    <text>Grand Valley State University
Veterans History Project Interview
William Peterson
Length: 16:23
(00:40) Background Information




William was born on May 1, 1924
He had been working with his father to train bird dogs before he enlisted in the Navy
William spent 3 years in active duty during WWII and then re-enlisted in the reserves for
4 years during the Korean War

(2:25) Pacific
 William began working as a photographer in New Guinea during WWII
 He flew in B-24s taking pictures to make maps of the area and other islands
 He also took many photographs of the civilian population of New Guinea
 There were about 1,000 other men stationed on the island off New Guinea where he was
based
(8:50) Back to US
 After working in New Guinea William was an instructor in Florida for a few months
teaching photography and skeet sharp shooting
 William also worked with the Australian government on intelligence maps of the Pacific
 He enjoyed working with Australia and was able to take a few trips there
 William later opened his own western store and continued skeet shooting
 He became a professional skeet sharp shooter and won many awards
 William learned many survival skills while in the Navy

�</text>
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                <text>William Peterson was born on May 1, 1924 and enlisted in the Navy for 3 years of active duty during WWII.  He was stationed in New Guinea where he worked taking aerial photographs for making maps and also taking photographs of the civilian population.   After his time in New Guinea, William worked as an instructor for a few months in Florida teaching photography and skeet sharp shooting.</text>
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                    <text>[Page 1]
Whereas, in pursuance of a decree of the Court of Chancery held at Huntsville for the 29th Chancery District
of the State of Alabama, made at the special term of said court, held on the last monday in January 1854 in
a cause therein pending, between Samuel Townsend [1] and John E. Townsend executors of the last will
and testament of Edmund Townsend [2] deceased, complainants, and Henrietta Johnson and others
defendants, the said Executors were ordered and directed to sell at public auction, the real estate and
personal property belonging to the estate of said decedent, and whereas, amongst the slaves belonging to
said estate, there are two female slaves, named Elizabeth M aged about fourteen years and Virginia aged
about eleven years, whom the said testator by his will, acknowledged to be his children and the undersigned
heirs at law, and distributees of the estate of said decedent, in order to prevent the said female slaves from
falling into the hands of strangers; and that their condition of slavery may be ameliorated, as far as possible,
We, Thomas Townsend, Samuel C. Townsend, Henrietta Johnson, Muntford R. Townsend, Parkes S.
Townsend, Jones D. Crow, &amp; Upton S. Crow
of the one part and Samuel Townsend and John E Townsend of the other part, do hereby covenant and
agree amongst ourselves, and with each other, that
[Notes]
[1] Samuel C. Townsend b. ca. 1826 in Va.
[2] Edmund Townsend d. 1853

�[Page 2]
the said Samuel Townsend &amp; John E Townsend, may and they are hereby authorize to purchase, at the sale
now in progress under said decree, the said two female slaves to take bills of sale therefor, and hold them
as slaves, subject to the restrictions and limitations hereinafter specified. And we the said parties of the first
part hereby covenant and agree, that neither of us nor our heirs, executors or administrators, shall or will at
any time exact or require of or from the said Samuel Townsend &amp; John E. Townsend any part or portion of
the purchase money for said female slaves, beyond or exceeding our respective distributive shares as heirs
at law as aforesaid | of the sum of two thousand dollars. And we do further covenant and agree with the said
parties of the second part, that if any suit or suits or other proceedings shall be commenced or instituted by
the said female slaves or either of them, or on the part of the descendent or descendents of either of them,
or by any person or persons, on their behalf, or under any pretence whatsoever, for the recovery of their
freedom, or of any part of portion of the property or estate of said testator, that we will, in proportion to the
interests which we and each of us have or may have in said estate, pay our respective portion of the costs &amp;
expenses attending the defending of such suits or proceedings.
And the said Samuel Townsend and John E. Townsend for themselves, their heirs, executors, and
administrators

�[Page 3]
do hereby covenant and agree in consideration of the premises, to hold said female slaves as slaves to
[following text between brackets struck through] {keep them in their possession, and not to permit them to go
beyond the limits of the county of Madison in said State, to treat them with humanity and provide for their
maintenance and support, to give them household duties to perform and not under any circumstances to
pick or cause them to be put at work in a plantation as field hands.} that they will not, at any time or under
any circumstances, sell, or otherwise dispose of them, or emancipate them or take any steps or institute any
proceedings having their emancipation in view, or cause, or consent that any such proceedings shall be
instituted or steps taken by others either for said female slaves or their descendents, until after the expiration
of such term of years, as by law any proceedings for the recovery of said property shall be by law, effectually
barred.
And the said parties of the second part do further covenant and bind themselves to defend to the utmost of
their ability and with due diligence all such suit or suits or other proceedings, which may be instituted by the
said female slaves or either of them, or the descendent or descendents of either of them, for the recovery of
their freedom, or any part or portion of the property belonging to the said testator at his death, and to use
their utmost diligence in defeating any such recovery, they

�[Page 4]
the said parties of the first part, paying according to their respective interests in said estate, a just and equal
proportion of the expenses of such defense.
It is further agreed between the parties to this instrument that if it shall contain a stipulation or impose any
liability on any of the parties hereto, beyond what is plainly expressed herein, that the same shall be
reformed in such particular, and further that this instrument shall be submitted to S. D. Cabaniss &amp; Hugh L.
Clay, attorneys at law for their opinions &amp; advice thereon.
The clause on the other page marked within brackets was erased before signing.
Witness our hands and seals this 28th day of March 1854
Samlle Townsend
Thomas Townsend
Henrietta Johnson by
Robert Johnson
Huntford E. Townsend
Parkes S. Townsend
his
Jones D. Crow
mark
Upton S. Crow
John E. Townsend
Saml. Townsend
Witness
Isaiah Dill

�</text>
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                    <text>P B T I T I ON

,,

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�E !

!

1 l

I

.Q

!

TO THE OFFICERS AND BOARD OF TRUSTEES ~F O~NGREGATION
B'NAI ISRAEL:

we,

the undersigned, being members ot congregation

B'nai Israel, do hereby join in a Petition protesting the proposed action o-r the Officers and Boa.rd ot Trustee

ot aongregat.1on

B'na:i Israel to employ a religious leader for the purpose

ot

oonduoting reform services in the new House ot Worship or in any
other place that services will be oonduoted until the %few Rouse

~-

of Worship is completed; and hereby ~xpress our desire for the
employment of a religious leader and rabbi who Will be e.hle to

and will conduct conservative serv1oes; (we further join in protesting against t h e purchase, or pla cement of an organ heretofore
proposed in the general synagogue assembly room for use with
religious services

0

and we request that you eithe:r pass a

resolution in your meeting expressly prohibiting the foregoing
protested matter or submit these matters to a vote ot the general
membership of the congregation at a meeting called tor that

purpose •
.

~ ~

�</text>
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                <text>Petition to the officers and Board of Trustees of Congretation B'nai Israel, protesting the proposed employment of religious leaders and rabbis to conduct reform services, and expressing a desire for conservative services, undated.</text>
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                <text>Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project.</text>
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                    <text>P

J;

T I T I ON

-.

�E

E

!

I

T

&lt;

'•i. • • -

I

Q

N

TO THE OFFICERS ANO BQ_-;___rm OF TRUSTEES OF COWGREG.A.TION

B ' NAI ISR.1 ,.,L:

We, the undersigned, being members of congregation

B'nai Israel, do hereby join in a Petition protesting the proposed

ction of the Officer3 and Bo rd of Trustees of Congregation

B'nai Israel to employ a religious leader for the purpose of
conducting reform services in the new House of Worship or in any
other place that services will be conducted until the new House
of Wo.:rship is completed; and hereby express our desire for the
employment of a religious leader and rabbi who Will be able to
and will conduct conservative services; we further join in protesting against the purchase, or placement of an organ heretofore
proposed in the general synagogue assembly room for use with
religious services; and we recuest that you either pass a
resolution in your meeting expressly prohibiting the foregoing
protested matter or submit these matters to a vote of the general
membership of the congregation at a meeting called for that
purpos ~

', I
---i - -.

J -~
~

�</text>
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                <text>Petition to President Z. Taylor for U.S. Auditor position, April 11, 1849</text>
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                <text>Petitions pledging support for the appointment of Nathan Sargent in various state and federal positions, including Auditor, Surveyor of the Port of Philadelphia, and Clerk of the House of Representatives.</text>
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                <text>Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives</text>
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