778 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2b189cba729b80ce15b3d56643c57f2e.jpg 2b181b3a4d3e112fc017b82733c539a2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_LS00332 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1930-1941 Title A name given to the resource Parral glyphs Description An account of the resource Black and white lantern slide of petroglyphs found in Parral, Mexico. Subject The topic of the resource Lantern slides Hidalgo del Parral (Mexico) Petroglyphs Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b0dd5fc15d4e00fbb57e9eb8e2d4b5e9.jpg 861e249f2b840f41809cc96aaac10c84 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_LS00333 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1930-1941 Title A name given to the resource Parral rocks Description An account of the resource Black and white lantern slide of a rock formation with petroglyphs in Parral, Mexico. Subject The topic of the resource Lantern slides Hidalgo del Parral (Mexico) Petroglyphs Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3dc43f98796cf0e5ac3da7ea03a71a93.jpg 9bfd24b36457ad504f3eefcd0a1b7954 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_EastmanAlbum_1_1909_026 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909-07-06 Title A name given to the resource Parry Sound Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of Parry Sound, Ontario. There appears to be a lumber yard in the foreground. Subject The topic of the resource Ontario Parry Sound (Ont.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d20547f6dddec2cb0a6d1f5e3da7a19f.jpg e906157b236f2c00685d968aa5662b5b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M158-0002 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-06/1972-08 Title A name given to the resource Parson's Pleasure bathing area, University Parks, Oxford Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of Parson's Pleasure bathing area, located in the University Parks at Oxford, England, and famously known as a secluded area for male-only nude bathing on the River Cherwell until the facility closed in 1991. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource University Parks (Oxford, England) Oxford (England) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f6c70e2715933137add0684138fe85ca.jpg 4439a2eb6ae944939185d7f09d1f974d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M158-0007 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-06/1972-08 Title A name given to the resource Parson's Pleasure bathing area, University Parks, Oxford Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of Parson's Pleasure bathing area, located in the University Parks at Oxford, England, famously known as a secluded area for male-only nude bathing on the River Cherwell until the facility closed in 1991. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource University Parks (Oxford, England) Oxford (England) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8107f216167c22ee408661855917058f.jpg 7326e42b425e5e9bf30b11521e62b5d6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M158-0018 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-06/1972-08 Title A name given to the resource Parson's Pleasure bathing area, University Parks, Oxford Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of Parson's Pleasure bathing area, located in the University Parks at Oxford, England, famously known as a secluded area for male-only nude bathing on the River Cherwell until the facility closed in 1991. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource University Parks (Oxford, England) Oxford (England) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4a0978da38611014ef239ef29e93f550.jpg 809895c42de2eb6ffb9e4188502cf21d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M158-0020 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-06/1972-08 Title A name given to the resource Parson's Pleasure bathing area, University Parks, Oxford Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of Parson's Pleasure bathing area, located in the University Parks at Oxford, England, famously known as a secluded area for male-only nude bathing on the River Cherwell until the facility closed in 1991. In the photograph, a wooden sign is hanging over an entrance door that reads, "Parson's Pleasure, Gentleman Only." Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource University Parks (Oxford, England) Oxford (England) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ca386223876f07578c9423e0fa342e64.jpg 16cf8972e316a8acb5b27152ddd439c3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-Pie-Factory-32 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lloyd J. Harris Pie Co. Title A name given to the resource Part of Our Service to You Description An account of the resource A full color advertisement for Lloyd J. Harriss Pies that depicts several marketing signs for the business. The advertising reads: "The most beautiful, attractive sales increasing signs that have ever been created for any pie company, are yours for the asking. Wire racks, pie markers, pie cases, are all a part of our service to you." Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich.) Factories Bakeries Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file collected by the Kutsche Office of Local History from the Saugatuck Douglas History Center for the Stories of Summer project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/68780ee77220d8d02fe1edb49fbbfa3a.JPG 3bb9ec6bbdf61ed7a768cb0c980003bd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ronald Oakes collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Oakes, Ronald Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs by Ronald Oakes, who served in the U.S. Marine Corps during the Vietnam War, and in the U.S. National Guard in the Iraq War. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968/2005 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/628">Ronald Oakes Vietnam and Iraq war photographs (RHC-80)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Iraq War, 2003-2011 Vietnam War, 1961-1975 Veterans Photographs Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Relation A related resource Veterans History Project interviews, RHC-27 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-80 Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-80_Oakes-Iraq-DSCF0931 Title A name given to the resource Part of the Samarra bypass, a wall built around a hostile Iraqi town for protection of the convoys Subject The topic of the resource Iraq War, 2003-2011 United States--History, Military United States. National Guard Military life Soldiers Photographs Description An account of the resource Part of the Samarra bypass, a wall built around a hostile Iraqi town for protection of the convoys. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Oakes, Ronald Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Ronald Oakes Vietnam and Iraq photographs (RHC-80) Relation A related resource Veterans History Project interviews, RHC-27 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Iraq War Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1e1bed9c1c2c49725cde17c4598480aa.jpg 6ba4be02b79d6e5326759b72fc03ea3e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1970s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000982 Title A name given to the resource Participant in Grand Valley Football's lift-a-thon Description An account of the resource Participant in Grand Valley Football's lift-a-thon. Subject The topic of the resource Students Events Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5330a1f05ea3a5f01b43b6f844934317.jpg 762b83b8d49e48204113b88fbd9e1893 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1970s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000983 Title A name given to the resource Participant in Grand Valley Football's lift-a-thon Description An account of the resource Participant in Grand Valley Football's lift-a-thon. Subject The topic of the resource Students Events Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0525bc1e8936330ea72544b00d7c4b1d.jpg 9d847e5cfc74b07e6a2e0bc3eeab86d8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1970s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000935 Title A name given to the resource Participants of Poetry Festival Description An account of the resource Participants of Poetry Festival. Subject The topic of the resource Students Events Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/be67081506e2f393f984b5e20c513cae.jpg a8fa59498c5daec5f0e430072c402206 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Decorated Publishers' Bindings Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Description An account of the resource From the early 1870s to roughly 1930, many publishers issued their commercial book covers with a remarkable variety of graphic designs and illustrations. This sixty-year period saw many artists and designers contributing to this art form. While some can be identified from their style or initials, others remain unknown. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Michigan Novels Collection Regional Historical Collection Lincoln and the Civil War Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-30 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a>, <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source Seidman Rare Books. PS3523.I46 P36 1905 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01_Bindings0129 Title A name given to the resource Partners of the Tide Description An account of the resource Binding of Partners of the Tide, by Joseph C. Lincoln, published by D. Appleton and Co., 1915. Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1915 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/81eb16c15b65b3c5df1c82ab95d3e7c2.jpg 4c9cedb831c528f9114bed12ee5eee78 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-LordB_Party Title A name given to the resource Party Description An account of the resource Page from Bob Lord's family photograph album with four photos depicting children and adults at family parties. The top left image is a candid shot of a woman with short hair and a long-sleeved shirt. The top right image has high levels of color distortion, but depicts a birthday part of some sort, where a group of 8 is gathered around a table with party hats and baloons. The bottom right image shows a boy in a striped shirt who is on his hands and knees in the dirt. The bottom left image appears to be a gathering of some sort. A boy in a red sweater and khakis smiles at the camera in the front of the shot. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich.) Famililes Children Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file collected by the Kutsche Office of History as part of the Stories of Summer Project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6864b41c5f4b508eb3758b6bfe4e8303.pdf 5dc618cc98a642c99f16954c224c8a0d PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Incunabula Description An account of the resource The term incunabula refers to books printed between 1450 and 1500, approximately the first fifty years following the invention, by Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, of printing from moveable type. Our collection includes over 200 volumes and numerous unbound leaves from books printed during this period. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1450/1500 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Incunabula Collection (DC-03) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United </a> Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng it la nl de Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Parvulus philosophiae naturalis in Physicam Aristotelis introductorius [folium 108] Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03_108Gerticz1499 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gerticz, Petrus Description An account of the resource One leaf from Parvulus philosophiae naturalis in Physicam Aristotelis introductorius by Petrus Gerticz. Printed in Leipzig by Wolfgang Stöckel on February 23, 1499. [GW 3465; ISTC ig00277750] Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Leipzig: Wolfgang Stöckel Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Language A language of the resource la Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1499 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a858833a5c06a429f95d4ab5d39f4431.jpg 4749b5498a4e417956f05d7667a4fb75 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_NE_58_1924_014 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1924-06 Title A name given to the resource Pasadena Meeting, American Society of Civil Engineers Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a group portrait of attendees of the American Society of Civil Engineers conference in Pasadena, Californa. The group stands in front of a building with striped awnings, with two men in front holding a banner that reads "American Society of Civil Engineers." Subject The topic of the resource Pasadena (Calif.) American Society of Civil Engineers Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/703437e72a6ec595f295641f15963c5e.jpg 0b10f9c10b2452ae13800f986c614ef8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PaschkeRichard Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Paschke, Richard Description An account of the resource Richard Paschke, Psychology Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b02c2ff180cc87f95dec10b1c88e92f3.mp4 7b2e4c89693c8a8b2c0732590d80099a https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6508bf519b89fa801d4ceaa153ed4d5d.pdf cbad0d8dfeab85f3d146cb1b688a8339 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans' History Project Gene Pasma World War II 1 hour 41 minutes 28 seconds (00:00:18) Early Life -Born in Moline, Michigan on August 28, 1923 -Father owned a ninety acre farm east of Moline -Spent early childhood there -Moved to Grand Rapids, Michigan in 1934 -Father had a job in Grand Rapids -Economy was bad due to the Great Depression -Grand Rapids had better employment prospects -Father had been born in the Netherlands and had moved to the U.S. when he was seven -Father lost the farm near Moline during the Great Depression -Remembers when his father sold his last horse -Things improved in Grand Rapids -Attended Alexander School for elementary school -Attended South High School -Attended Davis Tech High School and graduated from there in 1941 -Siblings that are still alive: Theodore, and three sisters -Came from a family of thirteen (had twelve siblings) -Five have died, and three died in infancy -Oldest sister died when she was twenty one due to a heart condition (00:04:55) Start of the War -Father had followed the news of the war in Europe closely -Pearl Harbor happened the winter after he graduated from high school -Kept up with the news on the war after Pearl Harbor -After Pearl Harbor happened he and his friends began to talk about what the war would mean -Namely if the Allies would be defeated and if their freedom would be lost -Knew that he would eventually get drafted -Older brother was drafted in 1942 (00:07:20) Getting Drafted -He received his draft notice in January 1943 when he was nineteen years old -Sent from Grand Rapids to Fort Custer near Battle Creek, Michigan -Some of the barracks, the mess hall, and a gymnasium from then are still standing -Arrived at Fort Custer on a Friday and was placed on KP (kitchen patrol) duty -The next day, on Saturday, his parents and sisters came down to visit him -Stayed at Fort Custer for less than a week (00:09:48) Basic Training and Technical School -From Fort Custer he was sent to Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland -Ordnance center of the Army �-Received basic training there -Attended at technical school there and learned how to be an armorer -Learning how to repair and inspect weapons -Lasted eight (or ten) weeks -At Fort Custer he had already begun to be treated like a soldier -Discipline was being instilled in recruits right away -Wasn't hard for him to adjust coming from a large family and having responsibilities -Enjoyed the order and the discipline -Went on several bivouacs during basic training -Went on several fifteen mile marches -Went to the infiltration course -Crawling under barbed wire while a machine gun is fired over your head -Basic training consisted of drilling most of the time -Had to go through gas mask training -Go into a building filled with gas and then put on your gas mask -Received rifle training with the 1903 Springfield rifle -Rifle that had been used during World War I -Basic training lasted six (or eight) weeks (00:14:35) Stationed at Camp Myles Standish -From Aberdeen Proving Ground he was sent to Camp Myles Standish, Massachusetts -Had to have supplies ready for troops that were going overseas -There was a large ordnance program set up there -Inspect, repair, or replace men's weapons after the men had gone on maneuvers -He was part of an ordnance unit that was stationed there -He wound up at Camp Myles Standish due to receiving an appendectomy in Maryland -Had to stay in the hospital for one month -In the meantime his friends were sent to Missouri for Aircraft Armament School -He had hoped to do that but wasn't able to after the appendectomy -He was sent to Camp Myles Standish after being released from the hospital -Each company came through his department for a weapons inspection before being deployed -Some men took care of their weapons, others did not even though they were supposed to -Saw his cousin come through and serviced his rifle -Worked on anything from a .45 caliber pistol to a 37mm cannon -Men would go from Camp Myles Standish to Boston to embark -Arrived at Camp Myles Standish in mid-1943 -Stayed there until September (or October) 1944 (00:21:45) Pre-Deployment Training -Things were starting to get rough in Europe, so more men were needed -He was sent down to Camp Plauche, Louisiana near New Orleans -Learning how to operate cranes on Liberty Ships -From Louisiana he was sent to Camp Howze, Texas -Spent Christmas 1944 with a family in Dallas -Received advanced infantry training there �-It was essentially a more in depth version of basic training -Remembers in Louisiana you could get a steak and fries in town for only $1.25 -In advanced infantry training they were receiving more weapons and tactics training -Received training with the M1 Garand rifle -Semi-automatic and held ten rounds -Received training with the .45 caliber pistol -Received bazooka and mortar training -Some of the instructors in Texas had already been overseas -Some had fought in Europe, others in the South Pacific -There were German prisoners of war near Camp Howze doing menial tasks on the base -They were glad to be there and some could speak English -He was able to learn a little German -Late 1944 was pretty bad because of the Battle of the Bulge -There was a desperate need for troops, which was why he was called up for deployment -Did not want to be sent to the Pacific Theatre after hearing about the fighting there (00:30:40) Deployment -Left Texas and was sent up to Camp Kilmer, New Jersey -By now it was January 1945 -Spent a week at Camp Kilmer -Boarded the John Ericsson with 7,500 other troops -Fast enough that U-Boats were not a threat -He was going over with plans to be a replacement for the 69th Infantry Division -They were already in England, waiting to go to the continent of Europe -He would eventually get his unit assignment in England -2nd Squad, 3rd Platoon, A Company, 1st Battalion -NOTE: 271st Infantry Regiment -The voyage over wasn't good -The food was bad and they had to stand up while they ate -Slept in hammocks -Landed at Liverpool, England -Stayed there for a couple days -Took a train from Liverpool down to Southampton -Stayed in a large warehouse in the port waiting to cross the English Channel -By now it was February 1945 -NOTE: The 69th went over to Europe in late January 1945 (00:37:42) Arrival in the European Theatre -Crossed the English Channel on a Liberty Ship and landed at Le Havre, France -The weather was bad going over -Went through Aachen, Germany then arrived at the Siegfried Line in mid-February 1945 -A line of fortifications established along the French and German border -Had boarded trucks in Le Havre and drove to the Siegfried Line -Saw dead German and Allied soldiers along the side of the road -Aachen had been destroyed -Remembers seeing pillboxes and bunkers on the Siegfried Line -Placed on tanks made tank infantry �-Rode on tanks and was supported by tanks as they advanced -The 271st, 272nd, and 273rd Infantry Regiments were moving as a giant line into Germany -Made contact with German forces on the Siegfried Line -The Germans would retreat and then mount a counter attack -At this point it was Germany's last stand (00:43:12) Advancing into Germany Pt. 1 -Any village that they came to they would have to clear it of German resistance -Had to deal with German 88mm artillery guns and "Screaming Meemies" (rockets) -They were moving northeast across Germany -Reached the Rhine River south of the Ludendorf Bridge at Remagen -Army Engineers built a pontoon bridge so that troops could cross the river safely -Had to do this while being attacked by German Stuka dive bombers -By now it was late March 1945 -Took the city of Kassel, Germany -Went through more villages -There was resistance in some, and others they could pass right through -His regiment alone captured 7,000 German soldiers -In one village he went into a barn and single-handedly captured two German soldiers -As they got closer to Berlin the younger the soldiers became -At the end of the war they were going up against the Volkssturm -German national militia made up of everyone aged fifteen to sixty five years old -They were the meanest combatants that he ever encountered -Last, desperate attempt to defend Germany (00:50:07) End of the War & Getting Wounded -Went through Leipzig, Germany and cleared a bunch of houses there -It was a major sometime -Entered Leipzig on April 18, 1945 -Remembers that it was after President Roosevelt died on April 12, 1945 -Got wounded in the vicinity of Eilenburg and Torgau on April 25, 1945 -Germans mounted a counter attack -Met the Russians at Torgau on the Elbe River before he got wounded -Most likely got wounded on the same day that he met the Russians -U.S. troops made contact with Soviet troops on April 25 -Thought that they were a bunch of "rogues" -Remembers that men and women fought together in the Red Army -Germans were terrified of the Russians and they fled to the Allied lines -There were so many prisoners and refugees that it was almost impossible to travel -After he got wounded he was sent to a battalion aid station, then to a field hospital -From the field hospital he was airlifted via C-47 to Reims, France -Stayed in the hospital for a month -In the hospital when the war ended -Couldn't believe that the war had ended -The Russians were in the area and were celebrating by shooting off guns and cannons �-Didn't think that he'd make it out alive with all of the chaos -When he was released he was able to rejoin his old unit in Germany (00:59:50) Liberation of Leipzig -In Leipzig there was a large monument where 300 SS soldiers were holed up in the basement -After the city had been taken they were sent on patrols around the city -Collect documents, weapons, and alcohol -Went upstairs in a house and found a German sitting in a chair in the office -Asked him to show him his papers and if there were any guns -Man complied, turned out he was Police Chief Wilhelm von Grolman -Surrendered his pistol to Gene (which his family still has) -Took some shotguns from the house and had to destroy them -Felt it was a shame since they were beautiful guns -Went house to house to talk with civilians -Walked into a house and the couple welcomed them in for tea -They were German citizens that had migrated to the United States -Had to go back to Germany to retain their citizenship -Got stuck in Germany when the war broke out (01:09:50) Occupation Duty -Rejoined his unit in Erfurt, Germany sometime in mid-June 1945 -Still had to do marching and drilling to stay in shape -Didn't have any duty there other than to just maintain a presence -Stayed there through the summer of 1945 (01:14:08) Advancing into Germany Pt. 2 -Came into a town that wound up getting nicknamed "Hill 88" -Named because of a large contingent of German 88mm artillery pieces -Germans started to bombard them -First time that his unit had to retreat, simply because the barrage was too intense (01:15:48) Coming Home Pt. 1 -Still in Germany when the atomic bombs were dropped on Japan -Sent from Germany to Antwerp, Belgium in August 1945 -Relief because there was talk that they would have to go to the Pacific to invade Japan -Being sent home was based on the "points" system -Points awarded based on length of service, rank, dependents, and combat -He had enough points so he was sent home and didn't have to worry about further duty overseas -Left Antwerp on August 28, 1945 -Took twelve days to reach the United States (01:19:05) End of Service -In the Army until November 1945 -Upon arrival in the United States in September 1945 he was sent to Fort Sheridan, Illinois -Allowed to go home for a couple weeks to visit his family -From Fort Sheridan he was sent down to Camp Polk, Louisiana -Got issued new uniforms and new gear -Got discharged at Camp Polk in November and was sent home �(01:22:14) Coming Home Pt. 2 -Came back to Grand Rapids by train -Got off the train at the station then walked home to his parents' house on College Avenue -On the way home he stopped in Chicago to get a few white, button-up shirts -They were a rarity at the time -Store owner took him to the back and got him five white, button-up shirts -Did it because he was a soldier and still in uniform -Always appreciated the show of gratitude and patriotism from the store owner (01:27:25) Talon's Out Honor Flight -Participated in the May 2015 Spirit of Grand Rapids Honor Flight to Washington D.C. -Got to see the National World War II Memorial and learn about it -Learned that there are 4,800 stars each representing 400 Americans killed in action -NOTE: There are actually 4,048 stars, each star representing 100 Americans -One of the most spectacular experiences that he has ever had (01:29:17) Life after the War -Wasn't quite sure what to do with his life after the war -Met up with some of his friends that had come home and reconnected with them -Worked for a contractor in Grand Rapids -Worked for Wolverine Boats, a boat company in Grand Rapids -Made Chris Craft style boats -Went to college for one year -Wound up working at Consumers Power Company (now Consumers Energy) -Worked there for thirty eight years (total) and retired from there in 1986 -Partially owned and operated a Howard Johnson franchise restaurant in Holland, Michigan -In the restaurant business for two years -Had left Consumers after working for them for eight years to do this -Went into business with his father-in-law and brother-in-law -Didn't enjoy and was able to get his old job back at Consumers (01:33:38) Reflections on Service -Taught him camaraderie, strengthened his faith and patriotism, instilled in him a love of order -Showed him that family is one of the most important things in his life -Parents saved a lot of his letters from when he was in the Army -Made patriotism one of his most important values -Army wasn't too foreign for him coming from a large family with responsibilities -Learned that everything in the Army had to be done "the Army way" -As opposed to the "right" way or the "wrong" way -Felt that it was a good experience (01:38:58) Medals Received -European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal -Two battle stars representing the Central Europe and Rhineland campaigns �-World War II Victory Medal -Bronze Star -Purple Heart -American Campaign Medal -Good Conduct Medal -Combat Infantry Badge � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_PasmaG1773V Title A name given to the resource Pasma, Gene H. (Interview outline and video) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-05-26 Description An account of the resource Gene Pasma was born on August 28, 1923 in Moline, Michigan. He grew up in Grand Rapids, Michigan and was drafted in January 1943. He received basic training at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland as well as went to a technical school to learn how to be an armorer. He was stationed at Camp Myles Standish, Massachusetts from mid-1943 to fall 1944 servicing small arms for men going overseas. He was pulled from that duty and received further training at Camp Plauche, Louisiana and Camp Howze, Texas and was sent to the European Theatre in January 1945 as a replacement infantryman. He joined the 69th Infantry Division in England and was assigned to 2nd Squad, 3rd Platoon, A Company, 1st Battalion, 271st Infantry Regiment. They went over to Europe in late January 1945 and he saw action on the Siegfried Line, in the Rhineland, and across Germany until he was wounded on April 25, 1945. After recovering from his wounds he rejoined his unit in Germany and stayed with them until the end of August 1945. He left Europe in late August 1945 and was finally discharged from the Army at Camp Polk, Louisiana in Novembber 1945. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pasma, Gene H. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jones, Adam (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Moving Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b325ee935020089cd03023ce4418bfaf.jpg 679743f1d4c06dfe9078d1dc0ce56162 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PasqualiLuiz Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Pasquali, Luiz Description An account of the resource Luiz Pasquali, Psychology Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/45638bd1432bcb4a87f877b3a1ad1717.pdf e8e4984ff6029ade7b852ee3fc1df795 PDF Text Text Pieter Terma.a. t r:a.rch 7, 19ll.J :3o:r:n Pass In Revue : 1914-1935 The Formative Years �To Honor My Father /\.nd Mother �-1- I was born in the kingdom of The Netherlands in the small town of Kampen near the delta of the IJssel River, northern most branch of the river Rhine. About 1920 this city had approximately 20,000 inhabL tants. It is an ancient town, in the early Middle Ages already a member of the Hanseatic League, and its ships traded as far as the Baltic Sea. Centuries later the river sanded up and the town's merchants' ships were idled, leaving regional freighters of shallow draft and fishing vessels which plied their trade on the Zuiderzee. After the middle of the nineteenth century a military garrison was established and barracks built and expanded to a sizeable complex later named the Van Heutsz Kazerne after a well-known general. The Termaat family was well established in the seventeenth century in the province of Noord-Holland in the northern most area known as West Friesland ~n the village of Schermerhorn where they were dairy farmers. The oldest record so far is that of the church grave of Jan Barendsz in 1640. In the year 1664 J. Termaat is recorded. as Dike Reeve, a term denoting president of the regional council charged with the upkeep of the dikes against the onslaught of the sea. Schermerhorn is situated on bogland, a narrow strip of land between what were the Schermer and Beemster Lakes, drained in 1635 and 1611, respectively, and turned into luscious meadowland. At that time, except for dairy farming, fishing was important as the two lakes had access to the sea. These intrepid fishermen fished as far north as Spitsbergen and the Barents Sea (Dutch names both) and at some present day farms there are still whale bones to be seen, standing upright in the meadows for the cattle · to chafe their hides on. The province of NoordHolland contained 43 lakes in the Middle Ages, many interconnected and with access to the sea. In the year 1801, Cornelis Termaat moved from Schermerhorn to the outskirts of the city of i\.lkmaar where he built a brick dairy farm with stables and haylofts and bought four parcels of grazing land in the Overdie polder. The family continued its farming until late in the nineteenth century when they sold their farm and land because of the expanding city. They then continued selling dairy products until rrry Grandfather Pieter Termaat's death in 1901. Part of the barn was still standing in 1980 (see pictures). In 1876, Alkmaar had 12,000 inhabitants. It was then the seat of a federal district court and a provincial court. There was a raiL road passenger depot, a federal telegraph office and a mint mark office for gold and silver. The city was a center for the cheese and cattle trade. In one year, five million pounds of cheese were sold and 100,000 head of cattle traded. Grain and seed trade amounted to nine million pounds per annum. The city was a key district for the election of members to the Second House of representatives and for members of the �-3- In Kampen there ~also two officers' candidate schools, one named the Cursus on the corner of the Vloeddijk and the ~lverhekkenweg, and the Hoofdcursus situated on the Korenmarkt next to the Bovenkerk. After graduating from the Cursus one could enter the Hoofdcursus for further studies for field officer. Da.d was named intendant of the buildings of the Cursus and the fami}y moved in 1916 into the apartment of the main building. Both my brothers_ Jan in 1916, and Cornelis Barend in 1918 _ were born there. We grew up in military surroundings and atmos:phere and the many pictures of that time show me included with many groups of officer- candidates. Da.d was master on foil, sabre, and sword and in bayonet fighting and taught these skills. He was about five feet, nine inches tall, broad-chested, strong armed and liked a good time. The year 1918 delivered hard blows to our fami}y. My little brother Jan died at the age of two of appendicitis within weeks of the death of Jan Harms, my maternal Grandfather, on}y to be followed by the death of Rinske Harms, my maternal Grandmother, within a year. Our Mother never could quite adjust to the death of a child and her parents in such a short timespan and her nervous makeup received another jolt at the onset of menopause. All Mother's symptoms point to Hypoglycemia. Letters from the physician who attended my brother Jan, and upon his death, from my Uncle Pieter, will be added at the end of this history. My memories of these events are weak and fleeting. I do, however, remember vividly the birth of my brother, Cornelis Ba.rend, on January 2, 1918. Dad brought me into the bedroom to see my new brother and my mother. The window was part}y open and I was told that the stork had brought him. /\.pparent}y I figured that if the stork brought, he could also take away so I kept as far as I could from that window. The death of my brother Jan two months later I do not remember nor do I remember anything about him even though my parents told me later that for weeks and months I kept searching the house for him and calling his name. I remember that my maternal Grandfather had a long beard and walked somewhat stooped over with a cane. Once he took me to the park (the plantsoen at the end of the Kalverhekkenweg along the Third Ebbingestraat). ~ duck bit me in the finger while being fed and Grandfather chased him off with his cane. This must ha~ occurred in 1917. My Mother told me later that he had been bad}y injured in 1911 while installing a vault door in Zwolle. He was never able to work again and his family went through hard times. Besides their own house they also owned two more houses that were rented. These had to be sold to supplement the meager income the sons and dau~hters earned as apprentice carpenters and seamstresses, This entire family was very dextrous and hard-working. When my Hother told me about these very difficult years she sometimes had tears in her eyes and would say, "But we never accepted help from any_ body • 11 �/\bout my maternal Grandmother I remember a few more incidents. Cne is that she let us play in a wooden bathtub with a toy boat in her house; another that she brought me up from the cellar when I apparently had climbed down and could not get up a.gain, The most vivid memory I have of her is that of walking next to her while her long skirts gently swayed as she walked. She carried a f: reen (enameled?) pail filled with buttermilk in which a. ?olden lump of butter bobbed up and dovm. I remember this as somethin~ beautiful. i\t her confession of faith at a~e 18 in 1878 her parents gave her the beautiful shawl which I inherited. From friends she acquired the wooden tub with brass bands for the family use of butter churned on the fa.rm. This I also inherited as well as the daffodil decorated milk pitcher. I remember Christmas Day in the Noorderkerk with my pa.rents and Grandmother present where I was one of the children to recite a. Biblical verse. The- one I had to recite I still remember: Isaiah 9:6, "For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given; and the government shall be upon his shoulder. i\.nd his name shall be called ·wonderful, Counsellor, The I•!ighty God, the Everlasting ~a.th.er, 'I'he Prince of Peace." Was it Christmas, 1917, or 1918? Most likely the latter. my After I attained the age of five I had only one grandparent left - my paternal Grandmother, who, after beil"..g widowed in 1901, had remarried. Her second husband I s name was Willem /\arts and he fully deserved the name of Grandfather which I a.ddressoo him by. He was very gentle and industrious and often took me with him to the land behind his green grocer's store where he raised a variety of ve~etables. He taught me their names and showed me how to remove weeds and of the danger of coming too close to his four wells. They were deep and used for a dry spell to bring up water by means of pail and chain. On his land and where the store was now stands a. great school, the Linden.. school on the Lindenla.an. 11y Grandmother was as tall as m.Y father and wore the West Frisian costumes which differed on weekdays from those worn on Sundays. Then she would wear a 1.:;olden skullcap with white lace over it with embroidery spreading out and a jeweled pin on each side of her forehead, She was a very strong woman who walked with us tirelessly. Her inheri_ ta.nee from her first husband Pieter Termaat, was substantial, Grandfather Pieter Terma.a.t used our copperpot, tinned on the inside, to cream milk which floated on top after standing overnight, On advice of her banker, "de Lange & de Horaa.z, 11 she, like so many others, invested in stock (she for 60,000 guilders) whose issue was to build the Transsiberian Railroad to Wladiwostok on the Pacific. In 1917, Lenin took over from the Czar and all of this stock became worthless, The Russians had the railroad but invalidated all foreign debts. Even after that loss, which can be measured by the price of an average middle-class home which was 2,000 guilders at the time, she and Grandfather /\ arts were well off as he continued his workinrr life until the mid-nineteen-twenties. When our family were f!Uests during our StL"!J.mer va... cation she used to rent an open landau with a coachman and we would ride from ~lkmaar to 3ergen and then south to ~gmond alon~ the foot of the dunes and from there back to 1\lkmaar. We stopped for lunch at a. place �-5- where there were playgrounds with swings and teeter-totters, etc. In the nineteen-twenties trains still ran as public transportation between i'\.lkmaar and Schoorl, i'\.lkmaar and Bergen, and Alkrnaar and Egmond. My parents took us in the summertime bJ train to Schoorl where there was a. restaurant at the foot of the dunes and behind it a high dune where we, w.i.th effort, climbed up and slid or rolled down. Grandma, who then was in her mid-seventies, went up with us and came down the way we did. She had something indomitable a.bout her, a character trait which runs strongly in West Friesland and of which our family has its share. Once, in her old age Yrhen her eyesight was failing, she missed her footing while walking and fell into a. small canal. She managed to get out by herself and walk back home on her own. As the traffic pattern changed from the horse and buggy days to motorcars she could not or would not adjust and kept on crossing the road anywhere she pleased to the great discomfort of my parents and my u.11.cle. "They will not kill an old woman," she used to say. Some logic! Both she and Grandpa A.arts passed a.wa..y in 1932 1-Jhen I was 18. During vacations we alternated between them and my uncle and aunt's house at Kerkplein 8 next to the Groote Kerk, the Reformed Cathedral. It is now the second house from Police Headquarters. Uncle Pieter was my Dad's only brother. Two other brothers had died within a month after their births. My aunt was the former Trien van Herwerden from the village of Nieuwe Niedorp. They were a cordial couple and had one son also named Pieter, born in 1909. My Aunt contracted tuberculosis which paralyzed her legs. In the morning my Uncle would. carry her down from the upstairs bedroom to the daybed in the living room where she stayed all day until bedti::ne when he carried her upstairs a.gain. I do not remember having ever seen her walk. She died in 1926 a.nd my cousin Pieter, their only son, could not have children and died at the age of Lt2 in June, 1950. Hy Uncle Pieter died at the a.~e of 57 in 1942. Up to the mid-nineteen-twenties, there was a quiet quality of life in all the smaller cities. Radio and television were unknown. Horse drawn tilburies and la.ndaus were Renerally the local means of transportation second only to walkinp; and cycling . The doctor, for example, made his house calls in a small horse dra1-m coach. :1ercha.ndise was moved. by boat and small canal freieshters between 50 and 100 tons did a thriving business. Locally the merchandise was moved by horse dra1-m wae-ons, be_ tween shipboard or mill and destination. I saw my first airplane about the mid-twenties when a small sea plane landed in the IJssel River. And so the skies were quiet as well. Autos were far from coIT!!Tlon. The streets were paved with bricks and most houses were also built from brick. The brick was baked from clay dug from the numerous rivers and so provided cheap building material. :•:any side streets, how_ �ever, were made from cobble stones of granite, centuries old, and the ironclad wheels of the wagons would i:; enera.te a loud noise in passim; . In those narrow streets you learned to jump out of the wa,y fast if a horse did the inevitable. I n tha.t quiet small town atmosphere my brother and I grew up. When it was dark early , kerosene lamps still lif hted many a home and for street lighting ~as was in general use. Towards dusk, city workmen with long sticks to which a copper hook was attached, pulled a cha.in on the lamp at day break and sunset. We did have gaslight when I was 7 or 8 years old and in our hall burnoo a small copper oil lamp made by my maternal gra_rid.father, which I was so fortunate to inherit. Cooking was still often done on kerosene heaters of different sizes. ~mong the games we played were several different ones at marbles, the season for which started when it became colder but before the snow came. Cold fingers impaired accuracy often. Boys had hoops, sometimes made of wood and kept going by hitting it with a stick; and sometimes ma.de of iron which had a stick attached to it with a wide ring so that it could be maneuvered. :5'1ying kites was the springtime entertainment and if you had a good one you could send up messaGes written on pa.per which was then folded around the rope; if all went well the wind would blow the message right up to the kite. Walking stilts and jumping narrow, water-filled ditches were always fun. 1:<'rom strips of willow bark we braided a. doughnut sha.pe called 11 toessebolte 11 with a string also made of willow bark attached to it. Twirling it fa.st, you let go and whoever threw farthest won. If you cut your hand there -was always a member of the plantain famiJ.y. We chewed a leaf of it and applied that to the cut arrl the bleed.in~ would stop. Playing as a group, we would have access to many !llaterials and mutual help. Every boy worth his salt had a ? Ood pocketknife. T,,Je cut a fork from a tree branch and shaped it to form a V with a handle. From an old innertube we cut strips which we attached to the fork. ~ thin piece of leather at the end served as a good hold and we got pro_ jectiles from a metal factory where they punched holes into iron sheets. I cannot say that these primitive slin~shots were always put to legal use. When we had snow and ice - not alway s an assured happening every winter - we skated and our family had a large bo:x-type sled that seated my brother arrl I. At home we often played with a steam machine which in turn powered smaller toy implements. He played a lot with a good-sized wooden drawbridge, a source of fancy fantasies when we com,_ bined it with the many building blocks we had. In the wintertime our house was coey and warm. r-:other would sit in her cha.ir sewing- or darning by the light of an oil la.mp with a warm yellow shade. This lamp I also inherited, as well as the five antique oriental blue porcelain pieces and a multicolored, oriental design bowl made in ~'faastricht. �-7- In Harch, the lapwing returned from its winter quarters in Egypt and the search for their eggs was permitted but were they ever hard to find! The lapwing is a master of deceit in leading you away from the nest in the grass even going so far as to act crippled. In that time, Mother would often sing for my brother and I to teach us songs and the scene is still joyfully vivid in my mind. Mom had fine manual dexterity and sewed, knitted, and darned a great deal of our clothes. She was an excellent money manager and often surprised my Dad with money she had saved up for a trip or a special outing. Dad was very much the outdoors and sports type. f.rom J\pril to September the three of us would get up at six a.m., jump on our bikes and ride to the swimming pool, a fifteen minute ride. Then women and girls had separate hours for the use of the pool. This pool was situatoo in the river just outside the Boven.. haven. The city had two harbors, both rather small. In the southern pa.rt the Boven (unstrea.m) harbor and in the northwest downstream the Bui ten (outer) harbor. The former was also used to store the swim.Tiling pool in the winter and as a sailboat anchorage. The latter was used by commercial fishermen. The swimming pool was large, made from cement caissons with individual cabins built all a.round and contained three pools. One was for small children, ver'J shallow and maybe two feet deep. The second was larger and about three feet deep, outfitted with the swimming instruction gear. This consisted of a wooden pole with a sturdy rope at the end of which a broad adjustable belt was attached to fit the pupil around the waist. Instruction was given by the bathmasters. The third pool took up almost two-thirds of the complex, had no bottom but the riverboo and had a one meter divim~ board. In the middle a small platform was built over four barrels which floated and were kept in place by steel cables. Additional cables were strung at two more places about two feet above the water so that one could hang to take a rest. The river then was still unpolluted and a mouthful did not hurt you. Your certifL cate was issued after a test which included swimming three times around the large pool at breaststroke, once at backstroke and one jump from the diving boa.rd. Carpeted steps were at every corner of the three pools. As soon as we arrived and had changed into our bathing suits, we jumped in - descending the stairs was considered kid-stuff according to Dad. We swam for half an hour, jumped, dove, and played ball as an exercise for waterpolo. The swimming was in the full current of the river as it ca.me a.round the bend just above the pool. Swimming against that current in July and i\ugust was ha.rd because the stream had swollen from melting snow and ice in the mountains. Then we bicycled back home where Hom had prepared the usual breakfast: thick oatmeal with brown sugar and a glass of milk. J\.fter that we walked to school a.lorn~ the Vlooodijk (literally the flood-dike which in old times protected the city against high water before the walls were built two blocks farther out) to the Luttekes school so named after the headmaster. This parti_ �cular great school was a 9reparatory school for further study. Both my parents were voracious readers and visits to the local library were a regular occurence. The library was located on the Oudestra.a.t near the Town Hall and called the "Gothic House." It dated back to the t-1iddle Ages and is a magnificant example of the craftmanship of the guild.masters. This may be said equally of the To1-m Hall and its interior. In this librarJ I became acquainted for the first time with the fascinating National Geographic, and I remember very well that it was my wish that as a grownup I would be able to subscribe to it. A family by the name of Hond.ius retired after raising their children and moved avray and my Dad bought their family library and so my brother and I received a great mnnber of children I s books, travel adventures from Jules Verne, Worishoffer, Karl May, Johan Kievit, etc., as well as many history books about the 80 years war of Liberation against S~ain, the Boer War iin South Africa, etc. The high point of Kampen's life was the Queen's Birthday on August 31st. The streets were adorned with spruce and fir boughs. Flags were everywhere, many with the oranfse pennant. Bands marched, f!a..l'!les were played, parades held and. the day ended with a fireworks display across the river with cro'Wcl.s watching on the city's quays. In the year 1923, both officers' candidate schools were trans_ ferred to the city of Breda in the southern part of the count~J called Noord-Braba.nt and. were established as the Koninklijke f,~li tairy Academie (Royal "Military A.cademy). Dad was transferred to the Arnhem garrison in Janua~J, 1924. After the first world war, in which The Netherlands remained neutral, there was for several years a shorta~e of housing and our house on the Dr. Kuiperstraat was not quite ready when we arrived. We stayed for several weeks in the Hotel r.feeberg near the Willemsplein. In the morning a cavalry regiment would pass_ on occasion in bright dress uniform. From the hotel to the river Rhine was only a short brisk walk. When we moved into our house, the moving company from Kampen had diffi_ culty reaching us as the street was still in the process of being paved. Little could anyone imagine that twenty years later one of the bloodiest blunders of the second world war would take :.=,lace right here. Hy brother entered the first grade and I continued in the fourth grade in a school on the same street where we lived. Later I was transferred to a prep school do1-mtown to which I commuted by tramway. As soon as the weather improved we took to our bikes and made trips all around Arnhem a..Yid to surrounding villages. The Open /\.ir ?•Iuseu.l'!l had been opened to the public a few years before. On Sunday evenin~s there were concerts at Sonsbeek in a park setting , vrhi.ch had a restaurant, playgrounds and a small waterfall under which there was a. :!)assaf!' eway. �-9- SWimming in the Rhine River was even more of a challen~e than in the IJssel River in Kampen. The PJrl.ne is broader and flows faster. ~fter entering The Netherlands at Lobith, the river splits into river_ beds - the Waal River which flows past Nijmegen and takes half of the flow and the rest continues as the Rhine River. Just before Arnhem, the IJssel River splits off and flows north while the PJrl.ne turns west. We visited Oosterbeek and Velp and the castle am. grounds of Roosendaa.1. The latter had two main attractions for us: a chain brid~e over a small brook (chains were hanf ing over the brook and narrow slats had been fastened to them providing a safe but wobbly passage) and the other was "de bedrie1?ert_ jes" (the feelers), a flat, dr'IJ basin in a nice setting. When walking over it, at stagg ered times, water faucets were turned on and all aroun:i you from small openin~s a fine spray would shoot up which y ou could not escape from. 11ie often passed Bronbeek, a veteran's home for the men retired from the Roy al Netherlands East Indies Army, in their black uniforms. Dad always spoke with great respect about them. Going north we visited the Tafelberg , a hill overlooking the city, where a stone table showed the na..~es and directions of other cities and villages and landmarks. On the Veluwe I remember the mighty trees of the Westerbouwing which were com.. plete}y destroyed twenty years later. A.this request, Dad was transferred in August of 1924 and attached as instructor to the garrison at t,mersfoort. 1:Je lived there in an apartment opposite the cavalry barracks - a li_fely neighborhood. He could watch the training of the horses and could swim in the small :r-iver Eem behind the barracks. Amersfoort is one of few cities that has a water bastion left, a bulwark through which a waterway flows into the city, the Koppelpoort. In medieval ti.~es a heavy iron grate could be lowered from within the bastion to below water level in order to prohibit entry in wartime. In the fall of 1924, our fifth ~rade teacher led his class out into the schoolyard to see the first test fli ght to the Netherlands Ea.st Indies, piloted by van der Hoop, f}y over. Amersfoort became for us the third base point in the trian~le Kampen-Arnhem-Amersfoort which providoo us as a family the rich and varied joys of the Veluwe, that jewel in The Netherlands he11rtland which provides so :na.ny varieties of plants, trees, and birds, and which, with its many- bikepath~was bordered in the south by the Rhine River, in the east by the I Jssel River and in the north by what was then the Zuiderzee. Covered by fir, spruce and beech, tracked since times immemorial from east to west by Hessenwegen (trade roads) which carried trade from Central Europe and the Middle East to the sea and vice versa. From !(ampen to the Veluwe the road led, at one stretch, over a long strai~ht brick paved road, common}y called "The Endless Prayer" by the soldiers who marched on it. 1\11 were happy to see the tall pigeon house in Hezep where the landscape was of pleasant variation. Within easy reach were Baarn with the royal palace, Soest with its military airfield, Spakenbure with the typical fishermen's housing and state}y, colorful dress. �I want to mention that close to our house in l\.mersfoort lived a colorful amazon, walking to the stables in ridin~ breeches, black jacket and a black hat, a ridin2' crop in her hand, someti~es smoking a cigar and always accompanied by a hu~e, pitcl1-black shepherd do~ named "Satan." Women's liberation never saw the likes of her. In June, 1925, Dad was transferred back to the Instruction Battalion in Kampen and we moved into an apartment on the second floor of the Van Heutsz barracks with all the rooms on the side of the Oudestraat and a beautiful view on the IJssel River from the sittin2' room next to the entrance gate. Just there, right in front of us, the river branched out again into the Ganza',4d.iep (i:;eeseflow) and we could see the small ferry going back and forth from Grafhorst to the Karnpereiland. It was a pleasure to be back in Kampen because during the seven months in f,rnhem and the eleven months in i\.mersf oort we had not ha.cl time to establish roots there. In Kampen we were again in well known surrounding s and amongst the closeness and ord.erli~ess of military life. At that time this life was slow]y but steadily cha_-r1gin2' . ·world War I, with its horrible carnaq;e lasting for four years alone; a front line which changed hardly at all, had produced over all of Europe a sense of 11 never again. 11 The United States' participation in this war to end all wars strengthened that feeling and d efense bud~ets were cut every_ where. Troop strens th was reduced, officers and subalterns dismissed, training and maneuvers cut down in size, service tL~e for recruits reduced until it reached 5½ months at the time Hitler ca.~e into power in 1933. lforale, so high in 191 Li-, with a well led and well trained army at the bor_ der - such that the German High Command under General Von Eoltke decided to limit their attack to Prance and 3elgium _ began to erode. The social fabric of Europe broke up. Speeding up this process, the Bolshevik Revolution spread to Poland and Germany. Comm1.L"11ist and socialist parties in western Europe, stren~thened and spurred on by spreading economic discontent and poverty, added to their strength in parliament, agitated in their newspapers. They often took to the streets to demonstate. Labor Day on Nay 1st saw large crow:ls ma.rchin!! under a sea. of red :lags. 1\. s a boy I remember walking next to my Dad and often heari:ng catcalls of "murderer." Proud of his uniform, he simpl y took my hand and did not hasten his stride. Poverty, though, was a terrible pla~ue and re_ lief of the unemployed, the injured a."l"ld sick and the elderly were in their infancy and inadequate. /\. s the gap between the welL to-d o and the very poor increased, class antagonism increased also and sou2:ht vent in the building of a more concerned party system with its own newspapers, propa.~anda and rallies and a. strident journalism which had access to the new mass communication of the radio. 2trernism never took root in The Netherlands. �-11- Before we moved to Arnhem I had a few experiences which eXpressed the social tensions of the times. A boy named Jan, a few years older than I and poorly dressed, daily came out to the barracks' ld.tchen and the chef-cook Gerritsen invited him into the ld.tchen and gave him a warm meal. Jan always seemed to cough a lot but was !)leasant and cheerful and often participated in the ga..mes other children played. One day he did not come do~m as usual and my mother told me that he had thrown up a lot of blood crossing the bridge in front of the barracks anc1. was very ill. I venturoo to the brid~e arrl saw the spot with the dark, drying blood. A few days later I was told that Jan had died. The chef-cook had some male assistants and some women helpers who peeled potatoes by the bucket. They, too, had their meal there and one day a dispute arose because one of the women ate meat on Friday to the ire of another woman. Red in the face, she retorted in a loud voice that she did not have the money to buy meat or for that matter fish and that she was convinced that she did not sin in accepting a meal with meat as long as her priest could afford choice cuts of fish. I thought a lot about that at the time but do not remember talking about it. Otherwise our daily life was pleasant. Between classes the cadets would have coffee in the garden. One of them - Le Clerq by name - painted. flowers in his spare time anc1. I often sat quietly watching him; how beautifully he copied the colors and the shapes. In the winter of 1918-19, I later learned, a flu epidemic struck. Through the wirrlow which provided a look into the broad hallway on the second floor, I saw many of the carrlidate officers carried away on stretchers. I knew them. Some did come back. Others didn't. After school, Dad often allowed me to go with him to fencing classes, as long as I sat quietly along the side. He would don the steel mesh mask with the leather shield protecting his throat and wore a heavily padded jacket. The cadets were instructed to repeatedly attack and to aim at the heart and the head. Dad would stand there, sabre drawn, deflecting their strikes until they managed to hit him; meanwhile, he would call out instructions. Sometimes there was competitive fencing with Dad often acting as referee. Foil fencing was the most ele~ant. Sabre, sword, and especially bayonet fightinR were tough battles for participants arrl for onlookers alike. They were not real bayonets, of course, but spring-actuated steel shafts with a heavy leather knob. Once, during a sabre contest, Dad was wourrled when struck over the head, the sabre bending, cutting the back of his head. His adversary, a good friend of ours, came to our home afterwards to see if he was all riEsht and the two men jokoo about it. Mom did not think it funny. The regiment's doctor, by the name of Jacob~ and his pharmacist assistant, Lorist, were a nice team and the few times I had to see them they always had a good word for me. Lorist's standard joke was that if there was something wrong inside the body you used aspirin anc1. if it was on the outside, iodine was the cure-all. �-12- While living in i\mersfoort, at age eleven, I got my first pair of glasses, one of my eyes being near-sighted and the other far-sighted. It seems to have been unusual a.nd wa.s blamed (why not?) on the measles. On my eighth birthday I was r;iven a bike. It was slightly too large for me so Dad fixed the pedals to be double in size. Two soldiers, ea~er to earn some extra money on a Saturday afternoon, spent what seemed to me a long time in demonstrating the fine art of bicyclin~. J\.fter several misses on my part, one of them proposed that if on the next try I did not manage to stay on for ten meters, they'd throw me in the canal. I managed a.nd the three of us came back sweaty but in high spirits. Eve~Jthin!?:' was all right when Mom had chocolate milk and cookies waitin~ for us. After three different great schools within 1½ yea.rs in Arnhem and Amersfoort, I had some difficulty fitting into the hi~her pace at my old Kampen prep school. My pa.rents arra.ri.ged for private lessons for a while and, after going smoothly through the sixth grade, I passed the entrance examination for Al.mere College. i\.t that time in The Netherla.n:ls there were five types of high school all with a directed curriculum and no electives. Lateral changes between these schools were possible in the lower grades. The Gymnasium stressed Latin, Greek, and Hebrew with the lesser emphasis on modern languages - French, German, and ~nglish _ and little emphasis on ma.th. In 1926, with a total population of 9 million, this type of school attracted 6,670 pupils. A.1.mere Coller-; e did not carry La.tin, Greek, or Hebrew. Its ma.in thrust was on modern languages, math, history and geography. In 1926, this type of school attracted 20,2~9 pupils of which 4,836 were girls. The Handelsschool had the emphasis on modern lanf_'.;uages and accounting . The E.U.L. O. and U.L.O. types of schools expanded on the great school curriculum and followed a less strin~ent set of courses at a slower pace, were more ~enera.lized a.nd usually lasted three years as compared with five yea.rs for the first two types mentioned. ~inally there were the Skills centers which trained mechanics, carpenters, smiths, painters, and electricians and also taught Dutch and mechanical drawing. In all the schools, great emphasis was placed on your native language. After a few years of livin~ with our 11 Honcl.ius 11 and the other libraries, Al.mere Colle~e proved to be a pleasant challenge. 1926 saw a jump nationwide in this type of school a.nd the first form opened with 34 pupils. We were split into two groups of 17 to allow for individuallty and quality of teaching. Upon entering the third form the pupil total had shrunk so that we all were in one class room a.f ain. We had a demanding schedule with a heavy load of homework. Va.cations were scheduled for only one week between Christmas and New Year's, a few days at Easter and Pentecost and a sj_~ weeks' vacation in the summer. �-13- In the first form Dutch, 7rench, and GeMnan ~rammer an:i idiom were taught. In the secorrl form the latter two ha.cl f!radual~y taken over spoken Dutch in those classes. English was added in the secon:i form a.nd had to be spoken in class in the third form. The emphasis on modern languages must be seen in European con.. text. Hastery of your oi-m language opened study opportunities which broadened and trained the mind. The closeness of the European countries made it imperative to know a. few other languages thoroughly for study, trade and tra~1el. ?or The Netherlands these were German, "5' rench, and English. As the years passed the capacity to read foreign books, papers and magazines ma.de for golden hours. A characteristic custom was for one to become a member of an exchange portfolio, in which magazines in four languages were included. These portfolios passed to the next member in line after a week. Everyone paid a fee and a secretary bo~ht the Ma?a... zines, filled the portfolios and pre-determined the routing . Four of our teachers had Doctor's Degrees (ea.med) a._11d the others had Masters Degrees so a lot of indivirlua.l attentioJ1 was given to pupils to further achievement. Intra..--nura.l sports consisted of Swedish gym_na.stics with full class participation. There were rings, wa.llracks, tra.mpoline, high and low bars, parallel bars a.nd vaulting horse. Summer athletics included relay running , javelin throw, shotput and discus, hand and basketball. Swi.'1'!l'lri.ng was not provided for by the school but the city swi...TT1...ining pools were open to the entire population between m.d- 11.pril and mid-September. Water temperature of 55 degrees ? a.hrenheit was the usual cut..off for opening and closing. Indoor swimming pools were unknown. Kampen was ideally situated on a river, at the beginning of a delta and only ten kilometers a.way from the Veluwe where the ground was, since time immemorial, well above the waterline. In the 1920 1 s the city walls no longer existed except for three city gates an:i a small remnant in the northwestern pa.rt of the city. Prom the riverside the city was protected by a broad 1~1arf alonv, its entire len~th over which, next to the sidewalk, a street provided for traffic. At low tide the wharf was five to six feet above water level and, a.s a whole, gently sloped up to the houses another couple of feet. ~11 a.round the city, where earlier the walls had their begin.ning , an earthen d~~ provided protection against high water. This wa.11 sloped down to a canal called the Singel and was la.ndsca.:::,ed with a variety of trees, shrubbery, a.nd flowerbeds. ti. few miles a.way, over the whole width of the delta, the meadows ended at the Zuiderzee where a low dike_ purposely built that way_ provided for the Zuiderzee to overflow the meadows once a year for fertilization. Every fall, when heavy rains an:i northwestern storms were annual occurences, the city would be warned to be on the alert for high water by the hoisting of a large black canvas ball on a ta.11 stake placed on the �farms closest to the sea.. The three city gates were then closed front and back by strong pla~<s which fitted into built..in slots until these barriers were a.bout three feet high. Between the front and back planking, sandbags a.nd manure were piled up and after the brackish Zuiderzee waters had reached the city there was only one road open out of the city - the bridge a.cross the river to the hi gher ground on t.~e other side. For us youths it was a. great time, playing on the water's edge, watching a lost pig swim toward shore, seeing rowboats land in unusual places to and from farms on their elevations, called a terp. The "terps" were man-made hills and were high enough to protect the farmhouses and their dwellings. Ships at 'Wilarfside were tightly moored against the increased flow of the river and had long planks runnirus from t.'1-ieir d eeks to the highest point of the wharf. The annual floodings benefited the farmers two ways: the mea... dows would again be lush in the spring for cattle, artificial fertilizers being only in their beginning, and a.t the end of the su.m..rner an excellent quality hay could be harvested. The waters usually receded before the frost set in. The shallow canals would then freeze over and provide for skating and sledding and a. sport called "buur-;loopen." t,,_ row of boys, arms around ea.ch other's shoulders, would run from one canalba.nk to the other a.'Yld then back until the ice started to give. Inevitably some would g et wet feet or even wet pants. One of us was the son of a baker and when wet we could always sneak in the back door while the baker rested from his early morning chores and put our shoes and/or pants in the still warm oven. Only once, in the winter of 1928-29, have I seen the river and Zuiderzee frozen solidly over so that horse and wagons could use them and the islands of Urk and Schokland could be reached on skates while their harbors served Darked cars. That winter the temperature fell to minus 25 degrees Celsius- (15 degrees below zero Fahrenheit). This lasted for a couple of months and our biology teacher, Dr. Ten Kate, later rector of Almere College, orga.nize::l. volunteer squads to a.id hungry and injured waterfowl. We housed them in unused chicken coops. That winter I saw for the first time the European bittern - five of them frozen to death. A.mon~ all the rich bird life in the delta. and the meadows, one could hear their un.. mistakable call in spring and summer but their ca.pa.city to hide was superb. That winter the demand on charitable organizations and churches for food and coal was heavy. My brother and a few of his friends collected some and brought it to needy families. In March, the ice began to melt_ on my birthday a.s a matter of fact - and in the riverbends above the town ice would pile up, threatening the dikes behind which the farms lay on a lower 1evel than the river waters. The military ,-rould dynamite the ice dams and the IJ ssel Bridge was manned with men shoulder to shoulder with lonis, iron-tipped poles, who would do their utmost to keen the iceflows from <lama.gin~ the brid ~e nillars or from forming new jams - ~ gi ~antic struizgle, Th~ first brid ~e w~s built in 1liii.J 8, �-15- ? rom heresa.y I know that in 1915 the water level was so hi~h that waves drenched the brid <:_: e I s d eek, the railroad south of the city was destroyed, and the city barely escaped being _flooded. The people in that time still lived close to the benefits and adversities of nature. A quiet civility a..vid an unobtrusive nei,;:h.. borliness permeated all of life. Births and d eaths and lin~erinr; ilL ness brought out the best in hu.man relations. Children we:re bo:rn at home with a midwife and neighbor's wives assistin12: . Peo:!)le died at home with the body washed and dressed for burial ae;ain by f amly and neighbors. Food and household help were freely off ered when illness occurred. In the city a burial coach was used, inscribed in Latin for eve~Jone to see. 11 Eodie Eihi, eras tibi" - "To1ay I, tomorrow you." In the surrounding countryside neirrhbors l)rovided the best wa.,ron available for relatives and neirshbors to sit all a.round the coffin. h e boys regularly play ed soccer on a larp; e exercise field close to the cemetary. Hhen a burial party uassed on the ros,c't next to the exercise field, play was stopped matter of fa.ct1~,r until the last coach had passed. I do not remember our beinf told to co this, ~lay was not resumed. until the burial party had passed. Across the bridge was de "Bui ten Societei t," a clubhouse -c,rl. th a restaurant, a.n outdoor terrace, a read.int? roon 1-,,-:ith magazines and newspapers in Dutch, French, German, and ~nglish, meetinF" roo!'ls and lare.- e gardens with a music hall. During the su!ll!l1er, Sund ay evenin'! concerts were given by the Kam:::,er Band Corps under the direction of Christia.an Hengeveld. The majority of the me~bers had come from the military band of the officers I candidate school's regiment whose band had been discon.. tinued. In the su."!lYrler months, this corns also ~ave concerts on the Nieuwe Markt bandstand at night between 8 and on Thurs:lay , ~ lar~e public attended these attentively. Loo~~in,~ back over the d ecades, there was a.mong the people of Kampen a quiet simplicity and dii:nity which in turn nutured spiritual and mental development. io It was in the rea.dinr- room of the 3uiten Societeit that I read the fascinating sto~J of the discovery of the tomb of '{' ut_1\nkh.. A.JT1on in the magazine "De Prins." When one would look up in the rea.dime: room there was a panorama. of the city a.cross the river and of the water's flow towards the sea., guided by the basalt jetties in the outer curves to nrotect the a.d joining meadows a.g-a.inst erosion, ~:here the jetties ended there were lanterns to guide shin:,')in~ at ni~ht. The river is a.hra,y s a.live, now flowin2: calmly ,,r.i th the sun irradiating the s::na.llest waves, then wild and roilin::: on dark day s, threa.tenin€ its borders. The changing of the sea.sons reflected itself in the river. 1;.Jhen, in the months of July a.nd ,'\ uzust, far a.way in the ~.lps, snow and ice melted, the speed a.nd the depth of the river increased. In :November, when the rains came and the vr.ild cloud- shot sk'y spewed north.. western storms against the river and its d elta. the water rose a.2'a.in because �nature's powers slowed the run-off and every year it overflowed its natural and artificial bou.ndaries. Could it ever be harnessed_ the wind, water and clouds? Just to the south of the Buiten Societeit was the train depot from which the local connection with Zwolle departed. From Zwolle one could then transfer to the north to Groningen, to the south in the direction of 1\rnhem and to the west to !\.mersfoort and t\msterdam. We visited our paternal gra.n:lparents a.nd uncle and aunt twice a year - once in the surmner and once in the winter. I n the winter it was a comfortable train ride with transfers in Zwolle and 1\msterdam. The trainstops we passed were as many confirmations of what we had learned in our geography lessons. In the summer, we went bJ passenger steamer which left at midnight and arrived in Amsterdam at 6 a.m. Passing through the Oranjesluizen (locks) before arriving at quayside in ~msterdam was an exciting event for us boys. He had our bikes with us and after breakfast we bicycled for about three hours to Alkmaar at leisure, That was always a. trip filled with the joy of discovery. The first leg guided us through the western part of i\.msterdam to the ferry a.cross the North Sea canal. Amsterdam Harbor, called the IJ, stretches from the Oranjelocks to the bee;inning of the Forth Sea Canal. The ferry connnutes to Zaandam and runs parallel to a very his h railroad brid~e. Its height was calculated so that only the middle part would need to be opened for the largest ships. It was an extra event when we would see the mighty middle span slowly turn to let the oceanliners !)ulled by tu.e:boa.ts through. It was explained to us that these giants were not allowed to proceed under their own power as this could seriously dama~e the high canal dikes. The water level in the canal is high above the surrounding countryside and like the canals of i\.msterda.m are a.bout 13' above Schiphol !\irport. The first enterprise we saw in Zaandam were the larp-e timber harbors where forei gn ships unloaded the tree trunks which were then guided into secure basins to a.wait their turn for the saw mills. We learned to identify the flags flown on the ships. Come to think of it, how many of these flags would still be in use today? -S tate boundaries on earth have never been the most stable commodity. Through the old main street, through Za.a.ndam, Koog a.an de Zaa.n, Zaandijk and Krom..menie, we saw, left and right, factory after factory_ ea.ch with its own distinct odor_ vegetable oil, mustard, paint and saw mill. Cf f main street we visited different points of interest. In Za.andam there is the Czar Peter house built from wood but protected by a larger brick buildin£" bui1t around it. It dates back to a.bout 1700 when the reformist czar lived here to work in and study the shipbuildin~ trade. :<rom Zaa.ndijk to Krommenie excavations have shown proof of hu..-rna.n habitation as far back as the berrin.~ing of the Christian era. The "Zaansche Schans" was f-ra.dua.11,y built into an open air museU.."Tl �-17- where old, typical houses, "ma and pa" stores an:i windmills could be ad.i"'Tlired, all painted in the characteristic Zaan colors of green and white and with typical wood carvings adorning !Tlany a house. In Zaandijk one can see the garden with the statues. Only after we passed Wormerveer and Krommenie did we leave the heavily industrialized Zaan area behind us and then we could see the lush meadows on the former lake bottoms again. At that time, I seem to remember, in Krommenie, there was still a tollgate where a shingle told how much one had to pay. Horse and buggies, cattle, pedestrians and cyclists all paid a different tariff. The countryside remained wide open until we reached Alkmaarder Meer (lake) and on its northern end the village of Akersloot where we crossed the i'Joord Hollandsch kanaal by rowboat. Sometimes we would cross over to Heiloo and then follow the old brick road to 1\1..1<:maar. The view from Akersloot to the east shows the Schermerpolder where the Termaats already lived in the 17th centurJ. Looking northward, one saw the city of J\.lkmaar, its mighty Reformed cathedral and the Waagtoren dominatine; the city. West towarcl.s Heiloo, tall trees_ beech, oak and linden - stood as a protective shield around the homes and a large park named Ter Coulster invited one for a quiet walk. Followinp: the road to Alkmaar we entered the "Hout, 11 a wooded park. Thro~h it we boys would race ahead towards our grandparents' house on the Lindenlaan. Grandmother and Aunt Earie (the unmarried only daughter of Hillem A.arts by his first marriage) took turns in coming over to Kampen for a visit but Uncle Pieter and Aunt Trien never came due to our Aunt's crippling disease. Cousin Pieter came often during the summer. Kampen, surrounded by large prosperous dairy farms, had many close ties with the farming commu."1ity. For example, Monday was market day. In the 1920's, farmers and their wives, still in traditional costume, came to town in their tilburies which they parl<ed, thills turned up, in the middle of the main street - the Oudestraat. The horses were tethered with stablekeepers. Retail stores were busy. On Mondays, our grocer O?ened up the room behind the grocery store so that his wife could serve lunch to the farmer-customers. The farmers' wives brought large baskets •-'-r:i..th e~gs to the Plantage, a roofed over area next to the main street, and the housewives would bargain for size and price. By ancient law, some farms were allowed within the former city walls. Eanure for fertilizing the meadows was carried off in shallow draft vessels. Encouraged by our J\.lmere Colle:?,e biology teacher we would re.. connoiter the delta for bird and plant life. It was and still is a major nesting and resting area. Geese, ducks, storks, herons, swans, gulls, and terns and many songbirds would pause here on their twice annual trek between Scandinavia a.nd Horth /\ frica. Some nestin~ birds were the lapwing, coot, god.wit (snipe fa.lllily), reed warblers, swan, .1r nose, P-a"n.ecock, kite, stork, heron, garden warbler, blackbird and bittern. f or the identifica- �tion of plants we used the "Heukels," a dictionary-sized p:uide through several steps to the correct name and description. The ~eneral characteristic of a delta is its many-fold fresh water channels and the fact that the closer you come to the sea, the wetter the grasslands get until, in many ?laces, they become marshy. On our treks the a.dvanta.qe was that the average annual rainfall in this area was the lowest for The Netherlands. /\.s pronunciation and scanning were being absorbed, the study of languages introduced us to world literature _ often by recommended booklists and aided b-'J books with a collection of excerpts. Poet!"IJ was taught in the same ma..1'1Yler but declamation was only gradually mastered. In Dutch literature, writers and poets throu~h the early 20th cent1.1r1J were a..-rialyzed. Classics like Professor Huizene:a. 1 s Waning of the 1-:iddle i\.ges, ReYf'!ard the ~ ox, Valerius Gedenckklank, works by the poets Joost van den Vondel and Jacob Ca.ts, ElckerJ.yc (Eve!"l.,nna.n). Jan van Ruusbroeck, Thomas a Kempis (The Imitation of Christ) were stmied. In r rench literature we read Montesquieu's L'es-orit des Lois, Holiere, Voltaire, and Rousseau's Emile and his Contrat Social. In German literature there were Goethe, Schiller, Heine, Grimm, and f ritz Reuter and in English Litera.. ture: Byron, Shakespeare, Chaucer, F.' ieJ.ding, 1,falter Scott and Jerome K. Jerome. History, sequentially national, European, and world, was taught in a thoroughly interrelaterl. way showin1 cause and effect. In later years we were encouraged to select a period of our choice to study what the affected countries themselves had recorded a.bout it, Hhat a revelation and an insight into the mind of rulers and their historians! Geo~raphy was all encompa.ssin~. I n ~reat school, your o--wn country was explored and taught not only by map knowledge, but in depth. AL-mere College took it from there beginnin~ with Europe from its continental divide and origin and flow of its rivers to the sites of its main cities, its geological structure and its inter:ra.tion as a distinct continent, despite the manifold and often unnatural borders. In math, algebra., with its positive and ne~a.tive nu..mbers and systematized symbols, was taught i-rnaginatively. Euclidian ir eometry, from point to line to plane to solids as conceived and expressed in his Slements, received like attention. Graphic images and their analyses, coordinates, logarithm, goniometric and trigonometric function - it was all there. In su..mmary, A.lmere College provided able and successful teachers with inspirational qualities and abilities to maintain discipline merely through the strength and dignity of their ~ersonalities, Here was the real foundation of scholarship_ that in the past rests the present, in what is now_ that which is to come. The support and encouragement of our parents was invaluable though not fully appreciated at that time. �-19- In 1929, Da.d wa.s a.warded the silver medal for exemplary performance and service. Though we could not foresee it, that fall would brini:,; a. pro_ found shake-up of the entire world. The stockma.rkets crashed. 1930 came. Prognoses failed. Unemployment increased. Businesses failed. Large corporations shrunk to small ones. Homes built on speculation dragged contractors down into bankruptcy. Prices shrunk, but not fast enough to keep pace with the diminished purchasing power. How and if to spend money became a matter of a carefully weighed choice. The stock exchange index in ~msterdam fell from 10~ in 1929 to ~6 in 1931 and to 23 in 1933. The wholesale price index stated at 100 in 1929 fell to 52 in 1932. Textile exports to The l'Ietherlands' East Indies fell from 58 million guilders in 1929 to 6 million guilders in 1933. In the Indies, the wholesale price for sugar fell from 30 cents per ldlogram in 1922 to 17½ cents in 1927 and to 6 cents in 1933. Rubber took a dive from 105 cents per pound in 1929 to 14 cents in 1933. The League of Nations compiled the depression statistics a.nd Indonesia seemed to be where it started first, struck hardest and stayed longest. Dad's rank and position were secure and our family was fortunate. Our parents were hardly affected by the depression. Towards the end of 1930, Dad, at his request, was transferred to the military cl.istrict in the town of his birth - J\.lkmaar - to be effective in June, 1931. ?or several years already, Dad had been the literary contributor on military affairs for the weekly "Ons Belang" for subaltern officers and for the daily "De Nederlander," the party paper for the Christian Historian Union, one of the two mainline Protestant parties. His writings were contributed over the period 1927-38. In Ifarch, 1931, I was sent ahead of the fa...'Tlil,y to attend the Peda<sogic 1\ cade:my- in i\lkmaar and until June, stayed with my- grand!)arents. This school had a fine staff with the exce!)tion of the Psycholo~y Department where the teacher was unqualified. Within a year, however, this changed for the better thro~h the appointment of Dr. I Jzer, a. student of Adler and Jung. Our class numbered about 30 and the academic atmosphere and student life were hig-hly rated. The saJne discipline and lonp: study hours applied as for i\.lmere Collef!e. The outstanding sports team for the school wa.s its soccer team in which I played center half. final examinations ca.me in June, 1933, and I finished in the top seven out of twenty-eight graduates. In 1932, a drama.tic improvement in The 1'-!etherland's fi Fht against the sea. took place. On the 28th da.y of May the 1\fsluitdijk (closing dam) wa.s completed from Noord Holland to f riesland, closing; the Zuiderzee. In 1932, I ha.d joined the "] a.tional Jonp-eren Verbond" (lfa.tion_ al Youth Organization) with membership lir:ri.ts of between the as es of 18 �and 35. :fa.tiona.l historic idea.ls, as embodied over the centuries in the Royal House of The Netherlands: taking a sta.rr.i a.e;a.inst one sided disa.rma..."llent a..nd for a. democratic form of government with uni versa.l suffrage, were its idea.ls. Her Royal Highness the Crown Princess Juliana. consented to become our honorary chairwoman. I was to meet my future wife there and little could we anticipate that only eight years later our principles would be sorely tested as would our spiritual a:nd :physical stamina. In Germany, in 1928, a novel was published. by a. soldier who fought for his country in Horld 1/•fa.r I. This soldier was Erich :·1aria. Remarque. This novel, in its first person description, authenticated the writer's agony over his destruction a.s a human ·being by the barbarism that perpetuated a futile struggle for four years and in which the terrL tory gained by either side was measured in mere yards at a cost in htunan life which was only surpassed. by the events of 1forld War J_J.. The na..me of the novel is L"ll Westen Nichts 'f\Teues - All Quiet Cn The Western Front. I did not read it until 1929 and no matter how immature our minds still ·were it made a lasting scar on the conscience of all who read it. Voices grew soft, eyes moistened as the terrible truth of the destruction of that lost 3: eneration continued. to sink deeper into one's conscience. 1\fter this, it r11ust have been 1930, another book drew -::rry attention. It had been published before ~emarque wrote his first novel and was written by Oswald Spene1;ler - Der Unter~ang des 1\.bendlandes with Gestalt und ".'!irklichkeit a.."1.d Welthistorische Persnektiven (The :!Jecline of the ';·~est, ~ 0!'!11 and "Tetu... ality, and Persnectives of the vfo rld 1s7Hstory.) Tho~h, at that time, few scholars ·were capable of foreseeinz the accuracy or inaccuracy of his predictions and conclusions, the work its elf h~.d a tremenc: ous impact on the mind as co:rnmunism, socialism, fascism, nazis:n, anc. corporatism vied for the souls and rtlnds of man. Cnly the passa.,rn of time has a;iven us the benefits of reflection an:i hindsight needed. for pro1Jer evaluation. To this day the importance of his lifework is still being reco c::nized but on our youJ1g minds these contemporary works had a :Jrofound influence. In 1920, there were still Belgian refugees housed in school buildine;s. During the moneta~J collapse of Germany, German children were taken in everywhere to be clothed. and ±'ed. and housed while their cou...ntry tottered. on the abyss of anarchy. One dollar was then the equivalent of 11 bil 7-i on German marks. The large and stable Gem.an niiddle class was ruined. and the social uoheaval wreaked ha.voe on all the -=3stablished values. This, in turn, along with the danger of a Com'ln.mist (in C, errr..any called. Spartacists) takeover on the other side, made la.rfrn seis:n ents of the :nopulation call for and turn to a stronf"., leader. When the lar<:e corporations, the large lando1,.iners and the mli ta.ry sup'!_'.)orted. the Mazi p.grty their sue_ cess at the ::_;alls in 1932 brou1Zht Hitler to :::,ower and Kru-pp '!_'.)ressured General Hinclenbdrs:, then President of Germany, to appoint Eitler as 1:/.eichs Chancellor in March, 1933! Any hope these diverse interests had of being able to control Hitler soon proved to be false, �-21After ~raduation, ::: started my study for a master's c euree. ~lso in 1933, under the pressure of depression ~enerated bud s et cuts, the nU!llber of pu~ils per class in creat and seconda~J schools, which by law had alway s been fi.,-v;:ed at 25, was in one stroke increased to 45. The results for our ,c raduating class were disastrous. Not one of our 28 graduates could find a position .and ma..11.y existimr positions were eliminated. One studied without much more incentive than a check on an uz1certain future. Later it became apparent how uncertain. Only after 19Li 6 did the demand for teachers increase. !\ s I have said before, my Dad's position was safe. ~om a.F;ain had saved up enough money to take the fami]y on a week's trip to Belgium in 1933 and again _in 1931.j.. But here I was - a dee:ree financ ro by ,,ry parents and no earning prospects. \ fter seven :-:1onths, a. tip from 111;17 Uncle Fieter mad e me file an application for a job with the local govern.. ment 1~rith a job description of trcomputing unemployment benefits and paying t hem. tr This job bro-w.:;ht me the princely su2n of 25 cuilders per ,1onth and the obligation to work unlimited hours. Forrnal workino; hours were 4 L1 per week but because the federal government partially reimbursed the cities for the unemployment compensation paid, we had to work evening s and Sa.turd.ay afternoons on the required paperwork with all its rar.ri.fications. In 1934, a 60 hour week represented normal working hours. 1 /\.lso in 193L1, the Royal House of Cranje suffered two deaths that of Queen 2mma (Queen Fi1helmina. 1 s mother) and Prince Hendrik, the Prince Consort. The latter was buried in a pure white corte~e. That year also brought the start of regular flights between /1.msterdam and Ba.ta.via, the capitol of the Indies. The first plane was called the trUiver. 11 On the other hand, 25 quilders still bought a lot. I lived at home and my gocxi pa.rents never accepted more than two p-uilders per week as contribution to the household. I a...rn still sure that the advantage was mine. 1\ good woolen suit cost 20 1:,uilders, a pair of shoes; 1.1 to 6 guilders; a pack of ci~arettes, 10 to 15 cents; a movie ticket was 25 cents. I remember heated discussions with my fellow graduates about not waiting for a teaching position; but, as the months passed by , one after the other had to follow my example. One took a job as assistant mail.~an, another as clerk with an agricultural co-op, etc. I received an offer at the same office to become accounting assistant with the promise of a salary increase. I switched my studies to accountini:s and economics at the Instituut voor Handelswetenschatmen (Institute for /\. ccountine- and 3:conomic Studies) in Leiden, taught by Univers~ty of Leiden professors. My salary was increased to 67 guilders per month in 1936 and to 120 guilders in 1938. ~ . For a moment I must reminisce about our contacts with the unem... ployed. The overwhel.rning number of them were hard hit financially and eager to ta.1-(e on any work but there was not any . On rfondays and Tuesday s we com.. puted the payrolls which covered 350 to ~00 persons, all non-union members. The unions were paymasters for their members. On Wednesday at 12 o'clock �-22- we received a check drawn on the Nederland.sche Bank N.V. for the exact a.mount of the payroll. The two of us took this check to the bank, cashed it, and received it all in silver: 2t, 1, and½ guilder pieces_ quarters, dimes, nickles, and pennies. We emptied the bags into two metal chests and carried each one on the luggage carrier of our bikes, strapped to it by rubber bands. We bicycled through the city to the outskirts where a.ti old wooden construction barn stood - a one room affair held together with hook and eye latches. By the time we gotthere, there were us~ll,y li-0 or 50 men waiting impatiently. We got off our bikes, pushed them to the door, entered and locked the door. Why, I don I t know; it sure]y did not increase our safety any. We opened the hatch cover and proceeded with the payout upon signature for receipt. When I think back to the poverty of these people and ·the two of us carr'l.,rin~ 4,000 to 5,000 guilders under these circumstances, I cannot but wonder that we never encountered violence or attempts of theft. How would that be today? From my first earned money I bought a plus-four suit, a fervent desire of mine. :-1y working life in this place gave me a different education from the academic one prior. The reports that had to be made out for specific supplemental help; i.e., a blanket, children's shoes, underwear, etc., were experiences that affected me deeply. Many people who still had their pride often were frustrated and sometimes an~ry - not at us but at the "system." I remember one incident of violence where an unemployed man tried to force his way into the director's office. One of my colleagues grabbed the man by arm and shoulder and pushed him toward the door. !\nother, older colleague, the on]y one empowered to carry a nightstick, took coura~e at this sight and delivered a blow on the man's shoulder with the result that he hit my colleague on his thumb which swelled to unnatural proportions. Our director was somethirus else. He had been secretary of the neighborin~ villa~e of Ef'Jllond, was married and had five children. One of his bad habits was to play around ·with a female clerk in his office in off hours. Two police officers were tipped off and watched this v-rith great interest through peepholes in the ceilin~ and the man was fired. Throu~h political connections he got the position of director of Social Services in ~lkmaar. I presu.me that he checked the ceiling carefully before sitting down. He ended his life in a wierd way, 1\fter the Gerr.ian occupation started in May, 19li0, he cozied up to the Nazis and the Germans. They used him to provide workmen for the military airfield in Bergen. The German authorities provided him with a car and gasoline ration books. One day, in June, 1941, when Hitler ordered his troops into Russia, there was a Nazi demonstration in front of our townhall. Someone spoke from the high steps in front of the build.inf! and the Nazis below were wild with enthusiasm, lifting their right hands continuously (maybe to indicate how high the snowfall had been the past winter) and sang their bloody songs. 1\t that moment a car approached in the direction of the townhall and drove right into the Nazi demonstration. They dra~ged the driver out and it appeared to be the 15 year old son of the Director who was out for a. pleasure ride with some friends. Now the fat was in the fire. The verdict: stealing gasoline from the German i\.rmy and obstructing a legal party gatherino-. The Director was transported to a concentration camp where he died. The years from 1932 on were good years for the National Youth Organization. We grew in numbers, had f ood speakers for. our meetin~s, �-23- marched with our flags on Queen ·wilhelrrina' s birthday and on the 8th of October when the whole city co!!h~emorated the day in 1572 when ~lkmaar became the first city to successfully repel the Spanish I nquisition under Don F rederik at the F' risian Gate. It was just dand y to be hated by com.. munists, socialists, a.11d Nazis alike. lfany of the men in our orp- a.nization would fall i n the Resistance from 19LJ0 to 19u5 and, as a matter of fact, we had the singular honor of becomini:i; the first orvanization to be disbanded after the German Occupation bee-an in ],fay , 19Lt0. The first ~esistance F i ghters to be executed before a firin ~ squad were our members. On F ebruary 23, 193 5, I asked 1\driana Barbara Schuurman , my future wife, out for a first d ate. r,re were enf! aP- ed. to be marrieo in June, 1936 and were married on Aoril 18 , 1939 . We thoul! ht this lonP: interim necessary for saving enou~h money to install our house a.s we wished, v-i hen the war started one y ear after we married , we were r- rateful that we had acted the way we d id, F rom 1935 on we will tell our story tog ether. �Thro~~hout my formative years runs a supportive thread which seems to strengthen as the years pass and which I like to call the goL den rein. Both the Termaat and Harms families belonged, as far back as we were able to trace, to the Reformed Church. Just what the Reformation means is well described in Will anrl Ariel Durant's book, The Reformation. What it accomplished is that the distractions of art, music, a..~d le? end were removed from the Church and the Bible as the ~-.;ord of God was placed. where it belonP-" ed: in the hands of any person eager to read that book in his or her own language. In Europe the church situation is simpler than it is in the United States. Over there, in every country, one sees only a few church or~anizations. Over here, every group of immigrants bro1.J.2."ht over the basic tenets of their own church organizations and, especially in their new and difficult beginning, tended to adhere to that orf. anization as a basis of their small community. Naturally , just as in Surope, some ossification took place and often form took precedence over substance. l\ lso over here few mer~ers into one larger body occurred. I will not argue the merits or d emerits of the merger. What unites all Christians is the 1\postolic Creed. :-To one but Christ has impacted deeper and farther into human exists.nee. The Reformation was not a tranquil movement. It developed under persecution in character not unlike the extermination camps in ~ustria, Poland, and Germany during the second world war. But its followers, ra. gardless of which external form they congregate under, are unspoken, simply known by the fruit of their labors, to see for everyone who wants to see. Hen, like Luther, Calvin, Knox, and Zwingli and so many others, were called ·upon in the fullness of time to be the new apostles (witnesses). The empty dispute between creationists and scientists falls far short of the prominent fact: that all mankind descends from one set of parents and so are fully related one to the other. The oldest Gospel is that of :-1ark and as an introduction it has no peer. l\od to that the Ten Commandments, the Lord I s Frayer and the thorough tea.chint?: s of the Heidelber.2' Catechism and in whom awakes a desire to seek, answers will be forthcoming and the calm of an a,.~azing grace will transfi~ure and illuminate one's life. This ~olden rein is of the highest moral code and as we cannot possibly fulfill it to the utmost, we can alway s, in the privacy of one's ovm a.bode, simply confe ss and surely be for ~iven. When we leave this natural life, it will for certain be as small a step as it was when we entered it. �EFTICGU~ • • • ? ram whence, where to? The period between the two world wars for Europe where we grew up showed us the old beloved continent as it lived., laughed, wrestled with its problems. V e have seen it just in time, From F ebruary, 1935, until our marriav.e in 1\.pril, 1939, we had the cost},y gift of g rowing to g ether towards unity which is not achieved without its own cost. For Su.rope, it ended up as a lost world where poverty and riches, unbridg eable and inseparable, lived to '2; ether, The world of 3arth and :-Iann and Kafka, of fa.st changing social consciousness, of Proust and Galsworthy anc. F reud, of ":tosa Luxember!!, and Colijn, of ~bert, Stresema.nn and Firandello - names that have faded a.way. !\. ~urope that talked in coffee houses in Faris and Vienna, in 3e rlin and i\msterda.rn and Buda.pest and Rome. It would collapse in the abyss of 1939. 2:vening: s on the 1\ tla.ntic coast. Loni? d ay s in 3 elC!iu.,'11 and -:;· ranee and ~ermany. Sunny afternoons a.lon~ the ~reat rivers. White ni '!hts hi crh in the Alps. RottinP: slums. I ndescribable social arrears. There were planners and jokesters, idealists and profiteers, thinkers and fools, leaders and followers, artisans and statesmen, people of g oodwill and evildoers, democracy and totalitarianism. It was a Su.rope where we were you..ng and carefree and which is now dead, I t vas never a superb place, but it was already dyin~ when we thoU!!,ht it was still youn'! and alive. It was for many of us a home where we thaw.ht ourselves safe, and where we lived a youth, short enour,-h _ but seemin,,.ly lone- a.nd unend incr, filled with ideas, contrasts _ a laue:h, a tel3.r, I t was very old and ver-J younR; at the same tirne, It lived with R'Usto and was filled with g reat aicd g ooc. plans. It was at the same time a lovi:ng mother, our b eloved, and comrade. ·.-Jhat will happen in the future? Cne can only have patience. Steinbeck wrote in his Grapes of 1.··rath: "You got to have patience, 1:-,i'hy, Tom, us people will [! O Mlivin', ali-them people is g one , rich fellas come up an' they die, an' their kids ain't no good an' they die out. But we keep a' coTl'.in' • " �Ter Maat variants ter Mate, ter Mathe , Termaat, Termate(n) , ter Maath. Heirs ter Maet , 14o5 near Doetichem. ter Maeth, 1438 near Steenwijkerwold. Near Lemselo, 1381/83 ter Maet, 147? ther Maet. The last one is now called Maatman, which heir we also find near Noorddeurningen from the estate which was called Maethues in 1475 and for the estate near Breklenkamp, which was called Mathus in 1328. · The estate Maathuis near Albergen was in 1450 called De Maet, in 1475 Maed and in 1495 Maethues. A "maat" is a hayfield ; the word is related to the word maaien, a verb meaning : to mow. ~ One used the word "dagmaat for the size of a field which could be mowed by oneman in one da.y. A variant is" made" of "mede" for pasture. ( Note : etymology traces these roots to the ancient Anlgosaxon area west and east of The Netherlands-German border, betwe en the North Sea and the Rhine river) ( These words "made n and "mede" are still in use today . ) Composit family names are Maathuis , Maa~man and an estate Maetman, also named Mathemanshuijs, is men~ioned in 1385 near Oldenzaal. Another composite is Mateboer, and also Rouwmaat from the estate "die Rouwermate" in 1656 in Hengelo and especially in Groenlo . Rouwermate means a rough "rnaat" , covered with rough vegetation or thickett. Compare also "Overmaat". (note : here is another Anglo-Saxon root in "rough" coming from "rouw") 11 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_WRI_Memoir-P-Termaat-The-Formative-Years-1914-1935 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Pieter Title A name given to the resource Pass In Revue: 1914-1935, The Formative Years Description An account of the resource Memoir by Pieter N. Termaat on his youth and adolescence in the Netherlands. Subject The topic of the resource Dutch Dutch Americans Netherlands Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/bda92b02cbe77a56d364eedeb3d25b68.jpg dcb4d6d4a5d6ea2f2893889b55c94156 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_M1501 Title A name given to the resource Passenger cargo ship Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource US Cargo-Passenger, November 10, 1943. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy World War, 1939-1945 Military education Warships--Recognition Slides Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943-11-10 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3bf1d77291af578ffeda8e4caa1e975d.jpg 78a89d9a4a5810187369cd8d22786289 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_M3230 Title A name given to the resource Passenger cargo ship Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource US Passenger-cargo, modern, June 15, 1944. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy World War, 1939-1945 Military education Warships--Recognition Slides Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944-06-15 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/789987d08c38c60d3d4b74e68a0d8054.jpg c82622c75385ea1f30cf57d8ef928742 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_M3237 Title A name given to the resource Passenger cargo ship Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource US Passenger, 2 stack, June 15, 1944. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy World War, 1939-1945 Military education Warships--Recognition Slides Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944-06-15 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/15620069d8e8f1a2dd98ba191a97ff26.jpg 6178a2a5e2878d673463926e33ce5966 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_M3238 Title A name given to the resource Passenger cargo ship Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource US Passenger, 2 stack, June 15, 1944. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy World War, 1939-1945 Military education Warships--Recognition Slides Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944-06-15 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives