757 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3e2f0049812b3b229b7258ab2292039c.pdf 5db6a762a7a50e1f0fc454b8f9bab566 PDF Text Text ~bbison tlrotunsbtp ~lanntng etommission ©aklanb <ttountp, ffltcbtgan �'FROM THE'. ( !BRAR'( 0~ · . Planning & Zoning Center, fr£:!. MASTER PLAN PLANNING COMMISSION ADDISON TOWNSHIP, OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN WZACNY &McKENNA ASSOCIATES INCORPORATED Architecture• Community Planning• Urban Design 717 Penobscot Building Detroit, Michigan 48226 and 237 North Woodward Avenue Birmingham, Michigan 48226 ADOPTED BY PLANNING COMMISSION: September 13, 1983 I I �TOVVNSHIP OF ADDISON September 13, 1983 Board of Trustees Addison Township 1440 Rochester Road Leonard, Michigan 48038 Dear Board Members: We hereby present to you the Addison Township Master Plan. It has been prepared in accordance with the Township Planning Act, Act 168 of the Public Acts of 1959, as amended. In preparing the Plan, we have held a public hearing and considered all comments which were made. Subsequently, the Plan has been unanimously approved by the Zoning Coordinating Committee of the Oakland County Board of Commissioners. ' II 'I The purpose of the Plan is to provide a guide for the future development of the Township, recognizing the need to preserve the natural environment of our community. The Plan includes: a review and analysis of existing conditions and trends, goals for the future, a sound plan for land use and circulation, and implementation recommendations. Based upon present knowledge, technology and goals, the Plan represents our best thinking; however, the Plan is flexible so that it can be changed when the Township sees the need for change. It contains sound planning concepts which will guide the Planning Commission in its recommendations to you, and should serve as a guide for both public and private development decisions. We are proud to transmit the results of our efforts to you. We believe that planning is a continuous process and that it is essential that the Plan be periodically reviewed and evaluated. We look forward to working with you to maintain our fine community. Respectfully submitted, ADDISON TOWNSHIP PLANNING COMMISSION 1440 ROCHESTER ROAD LEONARD, MICHIGAN 48038 628-3317 - 628-5409 �I I I Acknowledgements I I I I I I I TOWNSHIP BOARD Robert W. Ousnamer, Supervisor Raymond E. Terry, Treasurer Mary Ann Thompson, Clerk Albert J. Patrell, Trustee Thomas Patch, Trustee PLANNING COMMISSION I I I I Arthur Shaw, Chairman Robert Koski, Vice-Chairman Barbara Stafford, Secretary Florence Mortimer Ronald Rolando Robert W. Ousnamer Fred Creamer Robert Spaulding* Marvin Acheson* TOWNSHIP PLANNING CONSULTANT Wzacny and McKenna Associates, Inc. I I I I *former members -i- I �Table of Contents Page IJ IJ IJ IJ IJ II II Title Page Transmittal Letter Acknowledgements Table of Contents List of Tables and Maps i ii i ii Addison Township l SURVEY AND ANALYSIS Existing Land Use Population and Housing Circulation Environmental Concerns and Resources 2 8 18 21 GOALS AND GUIDELINES Goals and Objectives Development Guidelines 27 29 PLAN ELEMENTS Land Use Plan Circulation Plan Community Facilities 36 44 46 IMPLEMENTATION ' 'II Implementation Strategies 48 I- ' 'L -ii- �-- List of Tables & Maps Ill Ill II I I Ill II II II Ill II II II II J Table No. Page 1: Existing Land Use, 1983 2 2: Change in Number of Persons - 1960, 1970 and 1980 8 3: Number of Housing Units and Vacancy, 1970 - 1980 9 4: Occupied Dwelling Units (D.U.'s), 1970 - 1980 10 5: Population Per Dwelling Units, 1960, 1970, and 1980 11 6: Age and Sex of Population, 1970 and 1980 12 7: Dwelling Units Based on Residential Building Permits 13 8: Year Structure Built 14 9: Value of Owner Occupied Units, 1980 15 10: Population and Housing Projections, 1980 - 2000 16 Maps Follows Page 1. Existing Land Use 2. Ci rcul at ion 19 3. Land Use and Circulation Plan 36 2 -iii- ------. �• • • _, Addison Township Settlement The first record of land ownership in Addison Township dates to January, 1826 when Addison Township was slowly becoming the home for settlers primarily arriving from New England, Pennsylvania and New York. Early land purchases were sometimes by speculators who purchased property, often sight unseen, from the General Land Office in Detroit, later selling the property at a profit to the settlers. The Township, originally surveyed in 1818, was then described as "poor, barren,burnt,timber land, hilly, badly timbered and swampy". The first roads were improved Indian trails and later constructed along section lines, curving around hills, trees and swamps. The road layout established during this period is essentially the same pattern which exists today. Farming, lumbering and milling were a few of the main occupations until the early 1900's when farming eventually became the primary occupation. The last 50 years have seen a dramatic reduction in overall agricultural production in the Township; hence, its evolution as a rural-residential community. Early settlements in the Township were the Lakeville area and the Village of Leonard. Lakeville, was established due to its location adjacent to the mill stream. One of the larger gristmills was located in Lakeville as its power was provided by the stream which meandered through this area. Lakeville Lake was formed as a result of a dam constructed to control the flow of the stream for the gristmill. As the mill operation continued, a post office, small shops, two hotels and other businesses located in the Lakeville area. The Village of Leonard was established due to the location of the railroad and Rochester Road. Leonard, because of the location of the transportation links, became the hub of activity in the northern section of the Township. A post office, several churches, a hotel, factories and small businesses soon located in the Leonard area. Regional Context Addison Township is situated in the northeast corner of Oakland County approximately 45 miles north of Detroit. The Township is isolated from the major commercial and industrial centers of the Detroit area; however, county roads which traverse the Township provide direct transportation to commercial areas and major interstate routes. Addison Township Planning Prior to a Planning Commission,Addison Township's zoning issues were handled by a Zoning Board. The Zoning Board was responsible only to hear zoning change requests. When it became clear that the Township should address itself to planning matters beyond zoning, a Planning Commission was established in April, 1968. Through the formation of the Planning Commission under the Township Planning Act, organization of a Planning Commission allows the Township to become more responsive to planning related issues as well as functioning as an advisory body regarding rezoning requests. _,_ �I __ SU_R_V_E_Y_&_A_N_A_LY_S_IS_ _ _ _ _ _ I I I I J J �Existing Land Use A fundamental procedure prior to the formulation of a community master plan is to perform an analysis of existing land uses. This analysis not only identifies what and where particular uses have occurred,it also provides an insight to where future development might occur and where conflicts may exist or develop. Map l delineates eleven existing land use categories in addition to public and private rights-of-way and water bodies: agricultural; agricultural residential; single family residential (under ten acres) single family residential (ten acres or more); single family residential (mobile home park); commercial; industrial; public; commercial recreation; institutional quasi-public; transmission line (Detroit Edison right-of-way); and vacant land. In addition to graphic representation of existing land uses, Table l summarizes land uses by amount, in acreage and percent of total Township land area. The land use data which appear in Table l were formulated as a result of field surveys conducted in December, 1982 and January, 1983. TABLE l EXISTING LAND USE, 1983* ADDISON TOWNSHIP, OAKLAND courin, MICHIGAN Acreage Percent of Total Area Agricultural (includes Agricultural/Residential) 4692.3 20. l Single Family Residential (under ten acres) 1419.4 6. l Single Family Residential (over 10 acres) 3091.3 13. 3 Single Family Residential (Mobile Home Park) 38.8 .2 Commercial 21.2 .l Industrial 170.0 .7 Commercial Recreation 502.75 2~2 Institutional Quasi-Public 341.65 1.5 Public 645.0 2.8 Transmission Line 152.20 .7 Water 679.5 Land Use Categories -2- 2.9 �_J r--v\, \ rv \)\ \"\ scale: l~liL~1 ~ _______,j Ch1stopher Wzacny & Associates, Incorporated Architectll'e · COlfflUlity Planning· lkban Desl{Jl ...... ~oit,t.tchigan DATlt: 1NI 80UJICI: OAKLAND COUfTY OE"Nl'nlmff 01' WOMI September, 1983 ~ 01' l'\AMetCt /' .__; .... MAP 1 EXISTING LAND USE mmffiilli AGRICULTURAL llliillilliltl - > > SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL AOAICUL TUA AL RESIDENTIAL SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL TEN ACRES AND OVER SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL UNOEA TEN ACRES - SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL MOBILE HOME COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL PUBLIC D COMMERCIAL RECREATION ' INSTITUTIONAL /QUASI-PUBLIC TRANSMISSION LINE VACANT ADDISON TOWNSHIP• OAKLAND COUNTY• MICHIGAN �(Table 1 continued) Percent of Total Area Land Use Categories Acreage Vacant 11548~65 49.4 23302.8 100.0 Total *Source: Field Survey, Wzacny &McKenna Associates, Inc., January, 1983. Following is a brief definition regarding each of the existing land use classifications: Agricultural: Land parcels containing ten acres or more used predominantly or wholly as cultivated farmland, with or without related farm structures. Single Family Residential: (under 10 acres) Improved single land parcels located in a single family residential subdivision or in areas containing typically large lot single family residential structures. Single Family Residential: (ten acres or more): Improved single land parcels located in predominantly low density rural residential areas adjacent to large acreage parcels. Single Family Residential: (mobile home park or mobile home): Planned mobile home parks and mobile homes located on single family residential lots. Commercial: Improved land parcels used for wholesale, retail, office or commercial services including those predominantly used as commercial on primary thoroughfares. Industri a1: Improved 1and parce 1s used predominantly for industry, natura 1 gas processing or regulating or storage, and parcels used for surface mining and processing of gravel, stone, materials. Commercial Recreation: Land parcels, either improved or unimproved, used for private, commercial non-intensive activities including golf courses, skiing or commercial stables. Institutional Quasi-Public: Land parcels, either improved or unimproved, which are held in private interest; however, exempt from real property taxation plus loc·a1 streets or access ways, contiguous or associated with such parcels of land. Public: Land parcels, either improved or unimproved, which are held in the public interest and exempt from real taxation, plus any local street or access way, contiguous or associated with such parcels. Transmission Line: Land parcels, which collectively include the area utilized by the Detroit Edison Company for use as electrical transmission line right-ofway. L -3- �Water: Unimproved areas of inland depressions consistently filled with standing water supplied by streams, ground water or springs. Vacant: All parcels not included in one of the above definitions. The existing land uses in Map 1 and Table 1 illustrate a number of concerns and resources within the Township which are significant in future land use proposals and development decision-making. Following is a discussion regarding each specific existing land use in Addison Township: Agricultural: Agricultural land use in the Township represents the largest active land use category occupying twenty (20) percent or 4692.3 acres of al I land in the Township. Although agricultural land use has been slowly split and rezoned to a residential classification, it remains an integral land use and function in the Township. According to Map 1, the largest agricultural parcels are located in the northern half of the Township and occupy 80 to 160 acre tracts. The largest agricultural uses are located in the northeast and northwest quadrants and along Lake George Road north of the Grand Trunk Western right-of-way. To the south, agricultural uses are less predominant and located on smaller parcels. The largest agricultural use is located near Yule Road and Townsend Road occupying approximately eighty (80) acres. The southern portion of the Township (defined as being south of Lakeville and Mack Roads) has experienced the greatest lot split and subdivision activity which has splintered the agricultural property into smaller tracts and increased the amount of single family residential development in the area. · Single Family Residential: (ten acres or more) These areas include lands which have been split from larger agricultural parcels and large tracts which include a residence and the remainder of the property. These parcels range from ten acres to forty acres and are dispersed throughout the Township. This land use occupies 3091.3 acres or 13 percent of all land in the Township. One purpose for defining and locating these parcels is to illustrate the number of large lot parcels which have the potential to be split into smaller parcels. It is common in Addison Township for a forty acre or larger parcel to be split into four or more ten acre parcels which have the potential to be split again into smaller parcels. As mentioned earlier, the ten acre parcels are generally dispersed throughout the Township; however, the eastern third of the Township from the Village of Leonard south has experienced the greatest amount of ten acre lot development. -4- �I I I I I I I I ' I I I I I I I L L Single Family Residential:(under 10 acres) This category includes lots which are located within platted subdivisions and lots generally disbursed throughout the Township under ten acres in size.When a ten acre parcel is split, the split usually creates four 2.5 acre parcels or a similar combination of lot sizes. When a ten acre parcel fronts a local or primary road and is split into smaller individual lots depthwise, a sixty foot wide private road is then required to service these lots and may extend up to 1,000 feet or more in depth. Although these lot splits and subdivisions are developed within the requirements of the Township Zoning Ordinance and governing State acts, the preservation of large lot single family residential development may be threatened by the continuance of this trend. This pattern of development may increase the potential urban-type access maintenance and traffic safety problems generated by private roads. On the other hand, this type of development trend does not encourage rapid growth and the need to provide a greater number of services remains low. The residential areas developed adjacent to Lakeville Lake include a variety of lot sizes and housing types. The older neighborhoods are located within subdivided areas often developed as seasonal units, and possess the greatest mixture of housing styles. These areas also contain the greatest number of problems inherent to older lake front neighborhoods. When these areas were originally developed, features such as minimum lot area, floor area and setbacks were not regulated. Today, to varying degrees, many of these properties possess non-conformities. Another problem with small lake front properties is septic tank failure as is discussed further in t~is document. Generally, the platted lots in Supervisors Plat #4, Moffat Beach Subdivision, Chamberlain Subdivision, Echo Lake Subdivision and Kingston Subdivision range from 3,000 square feet to 20,000 square feet with a majority of lot areas · being approximately 12,000 square feet. Single Family Residential:(Mobile Homes or Parks) The 38.8 acre Hidden Lakes Estates Mobile Home Park on Rochester Road is the only planned mobile home park in the Township. It contains 267 mobile home sites and is currently ninety-eight (98) percent of occupancy. (Although there are several mobile homes off Rowland Road between Pond Road and Rochester Road, it is not an organized and planned mobile home park). Commercial: The need for commercial services is directly related to the population to be served. Since the Township has a relatively small population, the amount of existing commercial use is quite limited. Combined, the existing commercial areas in the Township contain approximately 21 acres (excluding the Village of Leonard). The land-extensive (non-ce~ter commercial) uses in the Township are relatively few. As the population increases the need for -5- �additional commercial (local and non-center) wi 11 be -rea 1i zed. are further discussed in the Land Use and Circulation Plan. These uses Industrial: Most of the industrial uses in Addison Township, are natural gas treatment and/or compression stations. Total acreage represented by these uses is less than one percent of all land area in the Township, about 20 acres. Unless new natural gas reserves are discovered within the next year, Michigan Consolidated Gas Company has indicated the sweetening facility will become obsolete and dismanteled within the next two to three years. The mining operation near Romeo Road in the southeast corner of the Township has begun the reclamation process and is expected to be completed within three to four years. When completed, the area will be used for single family residential purposes. Additional small industry is located in Lakeville. Institutional Quasi-Public: Institutional Quasi-Public land use in Addison Township includes several large sites: the Benedictine Fathers property on Drahner Road, the Congregation of the Servants of Christ property northwest of the BenedicUne .fathers, the Lakeville Swamp Nature Preserve on Rochester Road, the Salvation Army Camp, and the Kingsbury School property at the Oakwood Road and . Hosner Road intersection~ Combined, these properties occupy one percent of all land in Addison Township or 341 acres. Commercial Recreation: There is a variety of commercial recreational land uses currently in the Tow~ship which provide a combination of year around recreational opportunities. These uses, Mulberry Hills Golf Course, Upland. Hills Farms, and f-1t. Grampian comprise approximately 470 acres of total land area. Public: Public land uses in Addison Township account for 2.8 percent of total land area and include the Township Hall offices, United States Post Office, Hamilton Parsons Elementary School, Addison Oaks County Park and the Township cemeteries. Addison Oaks County ·Park accounts for nearly all of the 645 a.c res of public land area, with the remaining public facilities comprising approximately 24 acres. Transmission Line: The Detroit Edison electrical transmission line right-of-way crosses the Township from Romeo Road north to Dryden Township in Lapeer County. These parcels collectively combine in a total of 152.28 acres. In addition two crude oil pipelines traverse the Township. (See Map l.) -6- �' ' ' 'I I I I I Water: Surface water comprises three percent of all land in Addison Township. Lakeville Lake is the largest water body containing about 460 acres of surface water area. The smaller lakes including Lake George, Secord Lake, Slating Lake and Indian Lake make up the remaining area of surface water. Vacant: By far, the most significant portion (49 percent) of Township land is class i fied vacant. Considerable vacant tracts are located in the northern areas where the terrain becomes subject to sharp topographical changes and much of the low land is wet. Also, former agricultural tracts which have not been recently cultivated comprise of much of the vacant land pattern. ' ' ' 'I 'I I L L -7- �Population and Housing The purpose of this section is to identify the present and future population and housing trends of Addison Township and to determine the conditions and needs in Addison Township. The 1960, 1970 and 1980 U.S. Census reports are the primary sources of information for this profile and recent supplementary documents supplied by the Oakland County Planning Division and the Southeast Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG) were also used. Present Population According to the U.S. Bureau of the Census, Addison Township experienced its largest numerical increase in number of persons between 1970 and 1980. During this period, Addison Township's population grew from 2,809 in 1970 to 4,184 in 1980, an increase of 1,375 persons. Addison Township's population increased 247% in the twenty year period from 1960 to 1980 or from 1,691 persons to 4,184 persons by 1980. TABLE 2 CHANGE IN NUMBER OF PERSONS 1960, 1970 AND 1980 SELECTED COMMUN IT I ES* · 1960 Commun it.}:'. Number l , 691 ADDISON TOWNSHIP 2,469 Oakland Township 11 ,844 Orion Township Oxford Townsh·ip 5,561 2,453 Almont Township Bruce Township 3,288 l ,427 Dryden Township Oakland County 690,259 * U.S. Bureau of the Census 1970 Number 2,809 4,793 14,189 5,953 3,163 2,809 2,129 907,871 Percent 1980 Number Change 4,184 66 .1 % 7,628 94 .1 19,566 19. 7 7,823 7. 0 4,124 29.0 3,283 -14.6 2,977 50.0 31.5 1,011,793 Percent Change 49.0% 59.2 37.9 31 .4 30.4 16 .8 40.0 11. 5 Table 2 indicates that of the communities surveyed for this profile, Addison Township had the second largest percentage increase in population, exceeded only by neighboring Oakland Township. Whereas Oakland Township's population increased by 94.l percent from 1960 to 1970, Addison Township's population increased 66.l percent. Both Addison and Oakland Township had the largest percentage increase in the 10 year period from 1970 to 1980. Orion Township showed the largest numerical increase i n population from 14,189 in 1970 to 19,566 in 1980 or 5,377 persons. -8- �Number of Housing Units and Vacancy 1970-1980 Table 3 illustrates the increase in total number of housing units in Addison Township from 1970 to 1980. The increase from 947 housing units in 1970 to 1,348 in 1980 represents an increase of 42.3 percent, a growth attributed primarily to single family residential construction. As the number of owner-occupied units increased (637 in 1970 to 1,130 in 1980) the amount of renter-occupied units remained constant. Due to the overall increase in owner-occupied units in 1980, the percentage amount of renter-occupied housing actually decreased over the ten year period from 17.3 percent (164 units) in 1970 to 12.0 percent (163 units) in 1980. The vacancy rate of units also decreased from 99 units (10%) in 1970 to 55 units (4%) in 1980. (Vacant units are units in which no one is living at the time of the census. A vacant unit may be one which is occupied entirely by persons who have a usual residence elsewhere or new units not yet occupied, if construction has reached a point where all windows and doors have been installed). TABLE 3 NUMBER OF HOUSING UNITS AND VACANCY 1970-1980 ADDISON TOWNSHIP, OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN* 1970 Total Units 947 (including vacant and seasonal) Owner-occupied 637 Renter-occupied 164 Vacant units 99 % of Total 1980 Increase/ Decrease 100% 1,348 100% +42.3% 67.2% 17.3% 10% 1 , 130 163 55 83.8% 12.0% 4% +77.3% -1 % -55% TOTAL VACANT UNITS 4% 9 7% 4 1% 2 88% 40 For Sa 1e 4 For Rent 7 1 Occasional Use 88 Other Vacant *U.S. Bureau of Census. 1980. L L % of Total -9- 16.3% 7% 3.6% 72.7% �Occupied Dwelling Units Table 4 shows increases in total occupied dwelling units between 1970 and 1980 for Addison Township and neighboring Oakland County townships. During this ten year period in Addison Township, occupied dwelling units increased well over 50 percent. At the same time, as indicated in Table 2, township population was increasing at a rate of nearly 50 percent - illustrating a shift towards fewer occupants per dwelling unit. In terms of land use impact, this increase in the number of occupied dwelling units may have the most significance for planning in Addison Township. TABLE 4 OCCUPIED DWELLING UNITS (D.U.'S) ADDISON TOWNSHIP AND ADJACENT TOWNSHIPS 1970-1980* Township Number Occupied D.U.'s 1970 ADDISON Oakland Orion Oxford *U.S. Bureau of 791 1 ,066 1,760 1 ,414 Number Occupied D. U. 's 1980 l ,293 2,116 2,387 2,142 Change Number % +502 +1050 +627 +727 +63.5 +98.4 +35.6 +51 .4 Census Population Per Dwelling Unit Table 5 identifies th~ population per dwelling unit in Addison Township and selected surrounding communities. The trend, according to this table has shown a decrease in overall family size since 1960. Addison Township reflects the only increase in family size. From 1970 to 1980 the population per dwelling unit rose from 2.9 to 3.23 or 11 .3 percent. This increase is a result of the population increase in the family formation age group as shown in Table 6. Age Group Table 6 consists of an age/sex profile for Addison Township. As there were no unusual variations between the male and female categories, both categories were combined for this analysis. -10- �I I I I I I I I I I lJ I I I I I I L L TABLE 5 POPULATION PER DWELLING UNIT SELECTED COMMUNITIES* Community 1960 1970 1980 ADDISON TOWNSHIP Oakland Township Orion Township Oxford Township Bruce Township Almont Township Oakland County *U.S. Bureau of the Census 3.50 3.81 3.73 3.51 3.73 3.52 3.61 2.90 3.69 3.46 3.45 3.50 3.50 3.29 3.23 3.40 2.89 3.00 3.49 3 .13 2. 71 1970-1 980 % Change 11. 3% -7.9 -16.3 -1 3. 1 -.3 -10. 6 -17.7 In 1970, the largest age group category was the 21-44 year old group which comprised 29.6 percent of the combined male and female population. The second and third largest age groups were the 5-13 year old group which made up 21.2 percent of the total population and the 14-20 year old age group which consisted of 12.5 percent of the total population for 1970. In 1980 every age group showed an increase in size except the 60-64 year old group. The largest gain in population was in the 21-44 year old age group which shows an increase of 91 .16 percent or 761 persons. The population increased from 831 persons in 1970 to l ,592 persons in 1980. The second largest increase is shown in the 14-20 year old group with an increase of 351 persons in 1970 to 619 persons in 1980. This represents an increase of 76.3 percent or 268 persons in the 14-20 year age group. A significant population increase is shown in the 65 and older age classification. In this category the number of persons increased 38.4 percent, from 182 persons in 1970 to 252 persons in 1980. Addison Township's population is evenly divided between males and females, a factor of a low percentage of the elderly, a group which is characterized by greater numbers of females. This profile exhibits several important factors: 1) increase in family formation sector (21-44 year old age group), 2) an increase in both the number of school age children 5-13 year old (+19. %) and 14-20 year olds (+76 %), 3) a decline in the 60-64 year group with a minor increase in the 55-59 year group (+5.2%). This decrease and nominal increase in the 55-59 group indicates a smaller number of retirees and senior citizens in Addison Township over the next ten years. - 11- �I TABLE 6 Age and Sex of Population 1970 and 1980* ADDISON TOWNSHIP, OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN ~ I __, N I Number under 5 137 310 5-13 14-20 160 422 21-44 45-54 153 55-59 74 78 60-64 65+ 81 Totals 1,415 Female Male 1970 Percent 9.7% 21. 9 11. 3 29.9 10.8 5.2 5.5 5.7 *U.S. Bureau of the Census 1980 Number 179 356 332 796 217 69 61 ~ 2,115 Percent 8.5% 16 .8 15. 7 37.5 10.3 3.3 2.9 5.0 1970 Number 124 284 191 409 167 60 58 .J..Ql 1,394 Percent 8.9% 20.4 13. 7 29.3 12.0 4.3 4.2 7.2 Total 1980 Number 177 352 287 796 184 72 54 147 2,069 Percent 8.6% 17.0 13. 9 38.4 8.9 3.5 2.6 7 .1 1970 Number 261 594 351 831 320 134 136 ---1.!!.?. 2,809 1980 Percent Number Percent 9.3 % 21. 2 12. 5 29.6 11.4 4.8 4.8 6.5 356 708 619 1,592 401 141 115 252 4,184 8.5 % 16.9 14.8 38.1 9.6 3.4 2.7 6.0 1970-1980 Total Change _t!umber Percent +95 114 +268 +761 +81 +7 • -21 +70 +36 . 3% + 19.19 + 76 . 35 + 91. l 'i + 25. 31 + 5.22 -15.45 +38.46 �Overall the Township has an age profile which portends a relatively independent population for the forseeable future. The high percentage of 21-44 year olds is generally characterized by increasing income and expanding consumption. This group is relatively less dependent on governmental services yet is most able to support the cost of education and other governmental services. Residential Building Permits Residential building permit data are presented in table 7 below. Since 1970, Addison Township has annually averaged building permits for 31 dwelling units, including all dwelling units except mobile homes. Beginning in 1970, the number of single-family permits increased each year to a peak of 51 in 1977. Since 1977, the number has declined considerably. TABLE 7 I I IJ I I I I II I L DIJELLING UNITS BASED ON RESIDENTIAL BUILDING PERMITS ISSUED 1970-1981 ADDISOU TOWNSHIP, OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN* Year 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 1970 Totals Detached Single Family Units Two Family Units Multi Family Units Gross Total Less Demolitions Net Total 11 0 0 11 0 15 41 44 51 22 18 34 32 48 37 18 371 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l 4 l 0 0 4 2 15 41 44 51 22 18 34 32 49 42 18 377 11 15 41 44 51 22 18 34 32 49 42 18 377 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * SEMCOG, Annual Reports: "Residential Construction in Michigan" for 1970-1981. -13- �Two important factors should be considered in this trend. First, this trend has been generally true throughout the southeast Michigan area where single family housing starts have declined steadily since 1977-78. The second factor is economic. The national economy and to a more serious degree Michigan's economy, has been in a major recession during the last few years. These factors,coupled with record high interest rates,have nearly precluded new single-family residential construction in Michigan as well as the entire country. Year Structure Built Table 8 indicates the number of structures built from 1939 and before up to 1981. This information is helpful in determining the age and condition of the housing stock in Addison Township. The average life of a house is approximately 50 years before it requires extensive repair or renovation. According to Table 8, 393 structures in Addison Township were constructed in 1939 or before. Within the next ten years 31 percent of all housing in Addison Township \A/ill be at least 50 ye,a rs old. Sixty-one ·(61) percent of ·housing in Addison Township is relatively new with over half of this figure (37.8 •percent) constructed since 1969. TABLE 8 YEAR STRUCTURE BUILT ADDISON TOWNSHIP, OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN* Year 1970-1981* 1969-1970 1965-1968 1960-1 964 1950-1959 1940- 1 949 1939 or earlier Total Structures Number of Structures % of Total 353 132 72 98 121 98 393 1 ,267a 27.8% 10. 4 5.6 7.7 9.5 7.7 31.3 100.0% * Compiled from U.S. Census of Housing, 1970 and SEMCOG's Annual Reports of "Residential Housing Construction 1970-1981 11 aDue to the compilation methodology utilized in data gathering for Table 8, this figure may not include the total number "non-year round" housing units in Addison Township. -14- �Housing Value According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the 1980 median value of Addison Township's housing stock was $60,400 or approximately $7,200 less than the combined average of communities surrounding Addison Township. The median value of Oakland Township's housing stock ($99,400) escalates the overall median average of $67,250. Oakland Township has a considerable amount of newer housing which increases the median housing value. Addison Township is similar to Bruce Township in Macomb County ($60,700) and exceeds the median value of housing in Almont Township ($48,500),neighboring to the north in Lapeer County. This profile indicates Addison Township is very close to Oakland County's median housing value, whereas, 41 percent of all housing in Addison Township is valued at $50,000-79,999, 42 percent of all housing in Oakland County is valued at $50,000 to $79,999. Table 9 also suggests that the majority of housing in Addison Township is primarily of moderate value; however, housing types of all price categories are available in Addison Township. TABLE 9 VALUE OF OWNER-OCCUPIED UNITS PERCENT OF TOTAL OWNER OCCUPIED SELECTED COMMUNITIES-1980* Values Addison Township Less than $49,999 28.0 50,000-79,999 41.0 80,000-99,999 13. 0 14.0 100,000-149,999 150,000 or more 4.0 Median Value $60,400 Oakland Township 15.0 35.0 29.0 19. 0 2.0 $99,400 Bruce Township 23.0 33.0 22.0 18. 0 4.0 $60,700 Almont Township 52.0 44.0 3.0 1.0 $48,500 Oakland County 27.0 42.0 12. 0 12. 0 7.0 $65,000 *U.S. Bureau of the Census Population Projections The projection or forecasting of population for a community over an extended period of time is subject to many variables, such as national population trends, migration and the regional economy. The most significant factor affecting local population growth or decline is the availability of employment. -15- �Assuming local employment trends, the employment centers serving Addison Township will at best remain similar to the employment patterns of the last ten years. Without any major increases in employment, population growth will be limited to a natural increase and there most likely will be no rapid increase in the number of persons. All methods of population projections make certain assumptions and based upon assumptions, different projections are derived. The following table shows the results of several methods used to project Addison Township's population in ten year intervals through the year 2000. TABLE 10 POPULATION AND HOUSING PROJECTIONS ADDISON TOWNSHIP, OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN 1980-2000 Method of Projection 1970-1980 Straight Line(a) Population Households Approximate persons per dwelling unit SEMCOG S.A.F. '8o(b) Population Households Approximate persons per dwelling unit Geometric Projection(c) Population Household Approximate persons per dwelling unit (a) (b) (c) 1980 1990 2000 4,184 l ,293 3.23 5,559 6,934 l , 639 3.39 l, 985 4,184 l ,293 3.23 4,982 3.26 6,889 2,182 3 .15 4,184 l ,293 3.23 6,229 l, 758 3.54 9,288 2,391 3.88 l ,528 ~.49 based on population growth which occurred between 1970-1980 based on SEMCOG's Small Area Forecast, 1980. based on percentage rate (48.9%) of population change from 1970-1980 -16- �The straight line projection is based upon an average annual increase in the population of 1,375 per decade as was experienced during the ten year period from 1970 to 1980. SEMCOG's forecast is based upon the incorporation of the: 1) Council's sewer service area map adopted in March 1980, 2) increased protection of environmentally sensitive areas and 3) increased housing rehabilitation. The above projections were calculated to illustrate possible future population patterns in Addison Township. However, the future population of Addison Township will be determined by the goals and objectives of the master plan, the resources and constraints of the Township and the areas of Addison Township that are suitable for development. The master plan assumes that a water and sewer system will be implemented only to abate a serious environmental hazard or in the event a critical environmental situation would be identified adjacent to the Lakeville Lake area or similar areas of the Township, therefore limiting large scale residential developments. The decisions made by Addison Township regarding water and sewer, transportation improvements, zoning controls and subdivision regulations, will ultimately restrict or promote and regulate the intensity of growth in Addison Township and therefore the ultimate population. -17- �Circulation Land use and the transportation system are functionally linked and the circulation system provides the framework for the land use pattern. More intensive land uses require a higher lever of circulation service; lower i~tensity land uses require a lower level of access, but must maintain a minimum level of service. Roads The existing transportation network of Addison Township consists primarily of Oakland County Road Commission (OCRC) maintained roads. As shown on Map 2, Rochester Road, Lakeville Road and Romeo Road are the only OCRC paved primary roads in Addison Township, combining in a total of 12.5 miles of paved thoroughfare. Rochester Road is the main north/south arterial. Lakeville Road serves as the only hard surfaced east/west route; however, Lakeville Road terminates at its Rochester Road intersection. Romeo Road is an east/west arterial located at the south edge of the Township. In 1970, Addison Township adopted the Inter-County Highway Plan which prescribes right-of-way (ROW) widths for various classifications of roadway in southeastern Michigan. Roadways classified as 11 major thoroughfares 11 dominate this 11 plan 11 and limit its utility. Major thoroughfares are defined as roadways which maintain a 120' ROW and serve through traffic with limited frontage. Railroad The Grand Trunk and Western Railroad track traverses Addison Township in a northeast/southwest direction entering the Township north of Lakeville Road and exiting into Dryden Township to the north in Lapeer County west of Hagerman Road. The frequency of service occurs on an alternating day basis originating in Pontiac, travelling north to Cass City and returning to Pontiac, and also handling freight for points between the two cities, including the Village of Leonard. Transit The Southeast Michigan Transportation Authority (SEMTA) provides 11 SEMTA Connector 11 service to Addison Township four times daily on a township-wide basis. The door-to-door service provides transportation from Addison Township south to the City of Pontiac linking the Township with public mass transportation available only in the metropolitan suburban areas. Southeast Michigan Region 1990 Transit Network Based upon 1990 regional population, employment and travel demand forecasts, the Southeast Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG) formulated a detailed transportation corridor analysis. The basis of this analysis is to determine methods of achieving high levels of transit service to areas within SEMCOG's jurisdiction. -18- �I I I I I I I I I I Rochester and Lakeville roads are classified by the plan as feeder and local transit routes. Essentially, the plan indicates that Addison Township, based upon the 1990 population and employment projections, could qualify for bus service which would utilize Rochester and Lakeville roads. Road Improvement Proposals The Oakland County Road Commission (OCRC) has several road improvement proposals under consideration that will affect Addison Township. Under considerati0n by the OCRC are roadway approach paving and curve widening. The approach paving locations are as follows: - Army Road and Rochester Road in section 22 - Frick Road and Rochester Road in section(s) 15 and 24 - The north and south intersections of Hosner Road and Lakeville Road Curve pavement widening proposals are under consideration for the following areas: - Moffat Road and Rochester Road - Brewer Road and Rochester Road - Yule Road and Rochester Road Township Road Improvements and Maintenance The basic source of revenue for road maintenance and improvement is the State-collected gas and weight tax which motorists pay at the pump for gasoline and diesel fuel and to the Secretary of State for vehicle registrations. I I I I I For paving and resurfacing of roads within Addison Township, the Oakland County Road Commission (OCRC) limits its contribution of gas and weight tax funding to 10 percent of the project cost. Addison Township or property owners in Addison Township, in coordination with the OCRC,may initiate special assessment districting for subdivision street improvements or vote a road improvement tax levy. Circulation Pattern The road system of Addison Township is characterized by some lack of continuity, reflecting the topography and natural features of the area. Lake George Road has a relatively straight and continuous course through the Township. The three improved and paved thoroughfares (Rochester, Lakeville and Romeo Roads) are not continuous or have significant sections of winding right-of-way. In terms of potential for major through traffic and urban -19- �MAP 2 CIRCULATION 111111111111• -_ , _ . . . . , . _ , , _ _ Ol' _ _ _ o, _ _ Uffl l Nl • • • • ·@· 22 : ! ! ! Traffic Generators by Section Number r Paved County Roads ::.111101111 ADDISON TOWNSHIP• OAKLAND COUNTY• MICHIGAN �development, these patterns have a limiting effect. The winding areas of road and the interrupted road pattern contribute to the character of the Township, and limit through traffic, maintaining a rural atmosphere of treelined scenic country roads throughout the community, reinforcing the case for low density development. About 60 percent of the Township's population resides in sections which abut paved improved roads and 19 of the Township's 35 sections abut a paved road. Four of the Township's six most significant traffic generators (identified on Map 2 on the previous page) are located with direct access to Rochester Road; another is accessed by Romeo Road, while one concentration (Section 31) is not served by an improved road. The Village of Leonard (an enclave outside of Township jurisdiction) which functions as a local convenience trade center, and has a 1980 population of 422,is located on Rochester Road in the northern part of the Township. The residential concentration in Section 22 (around Lakeville Lake) functions as another traffic generator. With a population of 258 persons, this section is significantly above the 116 person per square mile average of the Township and is served by Rochester Road. The unincorporated area of Lakeville, located in section 27 at the intersection of Lakeville and Rochester Roads, generates traffic from both residential, commercial and public land uses including the Township Hall. The Township's highest concentration of population is in Section 35 which includes Hidden Lake Estates Mobile Home Park. It is located with direct access to Rochester Road and contains a 1980 population of 825 .persons. Addison Oaks County Park, which includes all of the land in Section 33, generated in excess of 121,000 vehicles in 1982. This total included 64,000 day use vehicles and 25,000 camper vehicles and 32,000 vehicles attracted by the park's convention center facilities. Its entrance is from Romeo Road, an improved county primary road. Section 31 which contains the Seneca Hills Subdivision and a portion of Grampian Heights Subdivision, is a significant concentration which is not served by an improved thoroughfare. Other lesser generators include Mount Grampian Ski Resort, Upland Hills Farms, and the commercial concentration at the intersection of Romeo and Rochester Roads, which, although it is located in Oakland Township serves a portion of Addison Township as a local convenience center. -20- �Environmental Concerns and Resources Community planning treats the physical environment as a dynamic entity that can be used only in a sensitive consideration of the processes and interrelationships of nature and human development. Man in many respects is a factor of nature and his developmental proposals for land usage are studied in light of possible impact and disruption of nature. Land capability planning deals with the differences in the physical environment from place to place across the landscape of the Township. For example, physical landscape elements such as slopes, climate, drainage, and soils may interrelate to form a particular type of localized environment favoring the growth and predominance of trees9 If development removes the trees, the natural balance of processes and interrelationships responsible for the development and continuance of the woodlands is altered, and as a result, slopes erode, scenery is lost, wetlands are filled in with eroded soil, flooding results in backwaters which drowns unadapted vegetation and the ecosystem is disrupted. In addition to the aesthetic losses, the need for expensive, engineered compensating -structures such as dams, bridges and bulkheads arises. In considering the natural environment in the planning process, suitability of the environment to accommodate the artificial works of man is applied. The data on the natural environment was inventoried based on Oakland County maps and surveys and described in terms of capability and suitability ·· for development. The community's needs in terms of future land use and local goals and objectives are then used to generate the Land Use and Circulation Plan. Although it has a variety of land uses, Addison Township is essentially a very low density residential community. Its location and limited accessibility make it somewhat remote from employment, commercial and cultural centers. Its value lies in its attractive natural environment as opposed to the artificial environment of the densely populated areas in southeastern Michigan. To the extent that data is available, the physical environment, its resources for development and the areas of concern are located and described herein. For survey and analysis purposes the environment of Addison Township is divided into the following natural systems: woodlands, wetlands, topography, surface water, ground water, agricultural land, drainage patterns and soils. Topography The topography in Addison Township consists of a combination of rolling hills and low level, flat drainage basins known georgraphically as "outwash plains" created by the melting of the glaciers. The unique upland terrain found in much of Addison Township presents a land feature that exhibits variable topography ot: 'sloped land" defined as land that has a ten foot or more vertical rise in grade over a 100 foot horizontal distance. These areas exhibit the following characteristics: -21- �I I I I I I I • Slopes often contain a variety of plant a~d tree types, well adapted to steep land and have root syste~s which hold soil well. • Sloping areas have aesthetic and recreational value. They can be used for hiking, skiing or sightseeing. • Major man-made changes in the environment usually cause accelerated erosion and sedimentation of surrounding lakes and streams. Addison Township is generally sloping from the northwest to the southeast. The highest and lowest elevations as shown on the United States Geological Survey (U.S.G.S.) map is 1,236 feet and located in section seven and the lowest elevation is 909 feet located in section 36 near the gravel pit on Romeo Road. Addison Township contains over 4,750 acres of sloped lands generally dispersed throughout the Township. Vegetation/Woodlands Vegetation in Addison Township is a dominant part of the Township's physical makeup and it should be treated as a valuable resource since it is the woods which create the rural atmosphere enjoyed by the residents of the community. Woods stabilize soils, control erosion, and retain water. Vegetation in Addison Township consists ·primarily of wooded areas which total over 6,000 acres of both hardwood and evergreen stands. • Hardwoods. There are over 5,890 acres of dominant hardwood stands in Addison Township consisting of a mixture of second and third growth, mixed hardwood including ash, poplar, oak, hickory, maple, birch, ironwood and other species. These tree stands result from the variety of soil types, drainage patterns and topography required to support such a diversity. 1 Evergreens. Approximately 145 acres of evergreen trees comprised of pine, hemlock, fir, spruce and tamarack are located in the Township. Evergreens adapt to sandy, well drained soils on higher land. 1 Lowland Brush. Also important in the discussion of woodlands, is the lowland brush vegetation usually found in wetlands and marshes. Over 200 acres of land in the Township is considered lowland brush. These plants stabilize the wetland environments through their root systems and also provide great water holding and flood control capacity within drainage basins. Low land brush areas in Addison Township are identified by cattails, sedges and marsh grasses. -22- �Wetlands Addison Township is classified as "poorly drained" in many areas due to the low areas and lowland channels which collect water. The wetlandmarsh areas (726.4 acres) retain large amounts of water and release it slowly. They are characterized by wet, muck-type soil conditions and can be identified by the cattails which grow there. However, there are instances where wetland areas appear "high and dry" and the normal visual signs of wetlands are not present. Only by taking soil borings will the presence of a high water table be revealed. _I Surface Waters Addison Township, as compared to other Townships in Oakland County, does not contain an abundant amount of surface water; however, Lakeville Lake is a significant body of water. The total acreage of surface water in Addison Township is 679.5 acres. This figure also includes the smaller lakes and ponds. Lakes and ponds are generally considered inland depressions, constantly filled with water which form a part of a larger drainage basin. The lakes are supplied by ground water sources and exhibit regular inflow and outflow patterns. Ponds often result from the side effects of small dams, spillways or other impoundments. Rivers, streams and small channels on the other hand, collect at the low points of a flow system. J I Soils and Groundwater The soils located in Addison Township are classified and defined by the Soil Conservation Service of the United States Department of Agriculture as the Riddles-Marlette-Houghton concentration. These soils are described as nearly level to steep, well drained, moderately well drained and very poorly drained loamy and mucky soils found on moraines (an accumulation of earth, stones and rock) till plains (extensive flat areas) and in bogs. 1 Location of Soils. The Riddles and Marlette soils are generally located on knolls, ridges and on slopes and along drainage ways and depressions. The Houghton soil groups are located exclusively in drainageways and depressions. 1 Soil Suitability. Of this soil grouping, the soil most suitable for development is the Riddles-Marlette combination which occupies a majority of the upland and rolling area of the Township. The use of the upland soils for septic tank absorption however, is limited by the slow drainage ability of the Marlette soil. -23- J I �The flat to gently rolling Riddles-Marlette soils are well suited for cropland or pasture. The Riddles-Marlette soil group is also suitable for vegetable farming and fruit orchards. The Houghton soil group is not suited for cropland or pasture due to its generally inadequate drainage. It is muck soil and not suitable for building sites or septic tank absorption fields. • Septic Suitability. As discussed in the soils description, the type of soil and nature of its drainage ability will determine, to a great extent, where development may be permitted. The areas of the Township where marginal soils with limited drainage capabilities exist are often found in areas where the water table is high. According to the Oakland County Health Department, there have been septic tank failures in Addison Township. This is due to three factors: - Location on a lot, the area of which is too small to accommodate the sewage. - Location on soils which are not suitable for septic fields. Location in an area with high groundwater. A septic field will fail and groundwater will be contaminated when the water table rises to the same level of the septic field. On some of the smaller lots and peninsulas on Lakeville Lake the likelihood of septic failure increases. As the areas adjacent to these lots have developed, the drain fields have less area to function and their proximity to the Lakeville Lake water table increases the chances of failure~ Most of these problems exist around the Township's lakes where development has occurred prior to the enforcement of the health codes relative to private sewage disposal. Conversion of seasonal dwelling units to yearround residences on small lots contributes to the problems; however, the Township's lakes are not currently polluted. Although sewage-generated nutrients escape into the lakes, they are filtered and dilluted to an extent which mitigates their negative impacts. • Groundwater. Groundwater in Addison Township is an essential resource. The contamination of groundwater is a potential problem in any community which has considerable amounts of wetland. A high water table usually accompanies the areas dominated by wetland and/or surface water. Contamination results from chemicals filtering into the groundwater from -24- �septic fields, oil tanks and waste .disposal sites. Non-point sources of pollution from chemicals and effluent associated with commerce, industry and farming are potential problems. In many instances, these pollutants reach lakes and streams through groundwater supplies. Pollutants may also affect well water located near septic fields. Data on groundwater recharge areas are not generally available on a systematic basis; however, due to the Township's geomorphalogy, well depths range from shallow to 200-300 feet in depth. Because high quality groundwater is essential to the existence of the community, a waste disposal plan for each significant development should be considered. State regulations and enforcement on harmful substances are geared toward larger potential pollutants of groundwater. The potential problems of petroleum storage, motor oil disposal, the transportation, storage and handling of any materials which are potentially hazardous to the Township potable water should be a concern of local enforcement also. Agricultural Land Agricultural production in Michigan plays a key part in meeting food needs. Economically, agriculture is also a major contributor. In addition to these more obvious reasons supporting the importance of agriculture in Addison Township, there are more subtle, less tangible benefits gained from agriculture. Environmental, aesthetic, recreational and historic values are enhanced by the presence of farmland. Open farmland assists in the replenishment and maintenance of groundwater supplies. Farms also provide links with the cultural heritage of the Township. In Addison Township, the amount of agricultural land decreased from 5320.6 acres in 1979 to 4692.3 acres in 1983 - a decrease of 628.3 acres, or 11.8 percent. The trend toward fewer acres in agricultural production is particularly typical of communities which are experiencing development pressures. The effects of land speculation, increasing property values and taxes, and rural/urban conflicts tend to diminish active agriculture. The Michigan Farmland and Open Space Preservation Act, (Act 116, P.A. of 1974) is designed to lessen some of these pressures. Under this program, owners of farmland receive a credit against their state income tax liability. In return for this credit, the State of Michigan receives the development rights to the property for a specified number of years, but not less than ten. For undeveloped open space lands, the act also allows an exemption of the development rights from ad valorem taxation. This type of use-value taxation provides one approach to preservation and protection of certain types of land in Addison Township as well as the State of Michigan. -25- �In 1978, of farmland in Addison Township, 148 acres were under the farmland provisions of P.A. 116. By 1980, an additional 462 acres were under consideration for inclusion. Addison Township ranks fifth among Oakland County townships in terms of acreage included under the act. Floodplain Addison Township has no areas of floodplains identified under the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968. The entire Township is considered to be nonflood prone; that is, no flood hazards have been identified or mapped and there are no mandatory requirements for flood insurance and no program related impediments to Federally insured mortgages or use of Federal funds in any portion of the Township. -26- �I __G_O_A_L_S_&_G_U_ID_E_L_IN_E_S_ _ _ _ _ _ _ �Goals and Objectives Addison Township is a predominantly large lot single family residential community which has generally developed in harmony with a natural landscape. The planned protection of the low rolling hills, swamps, laKes, woods, farms and fields is essential to the preservation of the community s character. These goals express the values of the community and form the basis for the Master Plan. The primary and community goals are supported by the Development Guidelines and the Master Plan Map. 1 Primary Goals There are four primary goals which are designed to include the overall objectives of the Master Plan. t To provide for lower intensity growth in harmony with the preservation of the Township s natural landscape. 1 • To provide for adequate community services in keeping with a lower density character. Urban services such as public water and sewer should be provided only to abate hazardous situations. • To provide for an adequate circulation system which is in keeping with a low density character, yet provides adequate access for essential needs. • To maintain the character of the natural landscape, by designing a human environment which is compatible with the natural features of the land and its vegetation. Community Goals t Provide for orderly and controlled distribution, location and extent of land for housing, business, industry, open space, agriculture, natural resources, recreation, historic and scenic assets, education, and essential services. • Guarantee the diversification, cohesiveness and balance of land uses to serve the essential human needs, residential areas, agriculture land; adequate public and health services, schools and cultural activities, access to commercial areas and employment centers. • Avoid strip commercial development along major routes. • Coordinate future land use with the natural characteristics of the land and the long term needs and desires of the Township. -27- �• Provide a balanced residential environment regardless of age or income with access to community facilities, services, an~ employment opportunities. • Implement a circulation system which will promote safe and efficient, movement within and through the Township without destroying the character of the Township landscape. • Promote protection and maintenance of the natural landscape and balanced use of the Township s natural resources including soils, lakes and streams, groundwater supplies; recognize that natural resources must be maintained for their ecological value as well as their commercial benefits to property owners. 1 • Provide for the protection, preservation and proper maintenance of woodlands (including trees and other forms of vegetation) for their economic support of local property values, for their natural beauty and wild character and geological, ecological and historical significance. • · Provide for the protection of the vital Township potable fresh water supplies from the dangers of pollution, and mismanagement. • Provide for passive and active recreation in keeping with the needs and desires of the residents and the limited capacity of the natural resources of the Township. • Retain, whenever possible, productive agricultural · and forest lands in the Township by protecting ·them from urban development. • Implement goals through the enactment and enforcement of local policies and ordinances, capital improvements, community information, and cooperation with other agencies. • Improve the quality of existing development encouraging rehabilitation and renovation of deficient structures and sites and the abatement of hazardous situations. • Provide for adequate community facilities and services. -28- �Development Guidelines The Development Guidelines relate to the primary community goals; however, the guidelines, also include methods of achieving the individual community goals. The Development Guidelines (Environmental,Land Use and Circulation) dictate the form of the Master Plan Map and are also useful for future planning decisions. Environmental Guidelines Woodlands Woodland growth,if preserved and maintained in an undisturbed and natural condition, will constitute important physical, aesthetic, recreation and economic assets to existing and future residents of the Township. Specifically. woodland growth protects public health through the absorption of air pollutants and contamination and reduction of noise; it has a cooling effect in summer, is a windbreak in winter, and prevents soil erosion, silting and flooding. Because environmental values, soil characteristics, tree growth, and related natural resource parameters are unique for each area or parcel of land in Addison Township, the following criteria shall be considered and balanced with respect to each woodland area. 1., The preservation of woodlands, trees, similar woody vegetation and related natural resources and values shall take priority over all forms of development particularly commercial and industrial development, unless there are no locational alternatives. 2. The impact of streets, highways and other transportation corridors on the woodlands shall be seriously considered along with alternatives for new or expanded transportation routes and for the location of proposed development. 3. All development, including residential living units shall blend into the natural setting of the vegetative landscape for .the absorption of noise, and for the protection of environmental values. 4. Woodland areas shall be preserved for low density residential development, outdoor recreation (including but not limited to hiking trails, sporting areas, trapping or hunting), forestry or nursery practices, natural beauty areas, or areas containing significant historic or cultural value. -29- �5. Density and intensity of development shall be reduced in woodland areas. 6. Roadsides containing signific~nt tree growth should be considered for classification as scenic or beauty roads to maintain the wooded character within the thoroughfare right-of-way. Wetlands Increasing development and its associated demands have the effect of encroaching upon, polluting or eliminating wetlands, and other natural hydrologic processes. Similar to woodlands, wetlands, if preserved and maintained in an undisturbed and natural condition, constit~te important physical, aesthetic, recreational and economic assets to existing and future residents of the Township. Wetlands in Addison Township shall be treated with the following criteria: l. Development shall be limited to outdoor recreation, grazing, farming, forestry and the operation and maintenance of existing dams and other water control devices, and temporary alteration or diversion of water levels or circulation for emergency maintenance or agriculture purposes, and only in compliance with State, County and local statutes and regulations. 2. Conservation of soil, vegetation, water, fish and wildlife shall take priority over any of the aforementioned permitted development in a wetland area. 3. Less density and less intensive development shall be encouraged adjacent to areas considered to be wetland. 4. Buffer zones along streams and swales shall be required by residential, commercial or industrial development to prevent run-off of man-made pollutants, erosion and other negative impacts. Lakes and Groundwater Providing and maintaining adequate water supplies to maintain a hydrologically balanced ecosystem is parallel with the importance of maintaining clean and safe water. Development often generates chemical by-products which can contaminate both surface waters and groundwater acquifers. Maintenance of groundwater is an essential element in the future of Addison Township. The following criteria shall be considered in making land use decisions in areas adjacent to surface waters or areas of known critical groundwater supplies: -30- �1. Increased minimum lot areas shall be imposed for single family residential areas adjacent to surface water or located in areas experiencing a high water table. 2. Septic systems and drain fields shall be located away from lakes and surface water. 3. Areas in the Township with higher water tables shall be considered wetland unless a suitable sanitary sewer disposal method approved by Oakland County and Addison Township is provided to protect the surface and groundwater quality. 4. Development shall be encouraged in conjunction with fixed densities and open space areas which absorb surface water, control run-off, filter surface nutrients and recharge groundwater supplies shall be encouraged. 5. On site retention and detention ponds to reduce nutrients and sedimentation and promote groundwater recharge shall be encouraged where useful and practical. 6. Filling and dredging activities that may destroy wildlife and acquatic habitats and seriously effect water table levels shall be discouragerl. 7. All industrial, commercial and institutional developments shall include plans for waste disposal methods which prevent wastes from entering water-flow systems including groundwaters, lakes, streams and wetlands. Topography and Soils The existing grades and physiography of Addison Township can be retained by discouraging mass grading or extensive filling and land balancing. Soil erosion from housing construction, commercial and industrial development, road and recreation use improvements, mining and agriculture may result in sedimentation of soils, impede storm sewers and road ditches, pollute streams, and silt lakes. Sedimentation resulting from erosion is a major water pollutant, therefore, preventative soil erosion and sedimentation techniques shall be employed in reviewing all land use proposals: 1. Development proposals shall be designed to relate with the existing topography and soils of the site. 2. Improvements such as streets, storm sewers or other -31- �I I I I I I I I I I I I features of the development, capable of carrying storm run-off in a safe manner, shall be scheduled for installation to the greatest extent possible before removing the vegetative cover from an area. 3. Whenever feasible, natural soil covers shall be retained and protected. 4. Temporary and permanent provisions shall be made to effectively prevent erosion and accommodate the increased run-off caused by changed soil and surface vegetation conditions during and after development. The permanent final vegetation and structures shall be installed as soon as practical in the development. 5. All mining and extractive operations shall be designed to prevent negative environmental impacts during the term of operation. 6. All permitted mining and extractive operations shall be designed from the onset of operations, to assure reclamation or restoration of mining sites after phase-out. Land Use Guidelines Agricultural 1. Maintain existing productive agricultural areas capable of producing without interference from non-agricultural uses. 2. Maintain agricultural lands on levels of generally less than 6 percent slope. 3. Include P.A. 116 farmlands as agricultural land. 4. Protect agricultural lands regardless of tract or parcel size as much as possible. 5. Agricultural land should be maintained in less intensely developed areas away from major thoroughfares as much as possible. 6. Preserve agricultural land in areas which are not proposed for increased density or intensive development. -32- �7. Consider agricultural land uses broken up by lot splitting for transition of agricultural to residential development. Commercial Development Center Commercial (Convenience and Office) l. Locate commercial center development near existing traffic generators on soils suitable for commercial development containing 4-20 acres. 2. Provide alternative locations for choice and competition. 3. Provide center locations on relatively flat large tracts with room for expansion. 4. Consider existing commercial areas as areas suitable for additional commercial development/expansion. 5. Locate commercial development on primary thoroughfares preferably at intersections of two primaries. Non-Center (General and Wholesale) l. Locate non-center commercial uses (land extensive uses such as lumber yards, nurseries, implement and vehicle sales), and similar uses along primary thoroughfares. 2. Locate non-center commercial uses near other similar uses which may negatively affect residential uses. 3. Locate non-center commercial uses away from residential uses as much as feasible. 4. Locate non-center commercial uses where an existing pattern is established. 5. Locate non-center commercial away from image establishment areas and Township gateways etc., avoiding strip-commercial development. 6. Recognize shopping centers outside the Township as commercial resources. Require low-traffic and seasonal commercial uses to maximize protection of residential areas from traffic, noise, trespassing, vandalism, odors and other negative impacts through site design, including buffers, setbacks and dust control. -33- �Industrial Land Use 1. Restrict industry to light industry to insure compatibility with the natural environment and residential community. 2. Locate light industrial uses on primary roads with adequate truck access. 3. Provide light industrial land with access. 4. Locate light industry away from existing and proposed residential areas. 5. Locate light industrial development with adequate soils for building, good drainage and access. 6. Coordinate industrial land uses with non-center commercial land uses. Residential Land Uses CWA 1. Provide range of acceptable housing units to provide a wide range of choice. 2. Maintain the environmental quality of all residential areas. 3. Preserve residential structures in sound condition, and encourage rehabilitation and renovation of deficient residential buildings. 4. Develop residential density patterns which relate to natural and man-made environmental features. 5. Limit higher densities to areas which are served by improved public roads. 6. Discourage strip residential development and recognize the desirability of controlled access to the primary road system. 7. Provide facilities and services designed to stabilize and improve residential areas, including a level of public, semi-public and community facilities consistent with the needs of the residents. 8. Improve living amenities in all residential neighborhoods through high standards of housing . design and construction, increased privacy and quiet, and protection of open space. -34- �9. Locate higher density residential uses such as mobile home parks and multiple family residential with access to improved roads only. 10. Locate higher density residential development in accordance with existing patterns of development. Circulation ,. CWA Insure recognition of Township plans by County and State highway planners. 2. Coordinate circulation planning with land use planning and development. 3. Provide a hierarchy of primary and local roads spaced so as to accommodate desired development density without encouraging over-development and disruption of the natural system and rural character of the Township. 4. Recognize the circulation relationships with surrounding communities, employment and commercial centers. 5. Provide adequate access to major seasonal traffic generators. 6. Provide a system of secondary and local access with capacity to serve residential and agricultural areas. 7. Protect natural beauty and scenic road rights-of-way. 8. Coordinate the location of private roads and local public roads. 9. Insure that the Township is consulted in detail on all circulation proposals. -35- �I __P_LA_N_E_LE_M_E_N_T_S_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ �Land Use Plan The Master Plan is a guide for the growth and maintenance of the community. The Plan, a product of the Township Planning Commission, is intended to guide development decisions through the next twenty years; however, the Plan is not a prediction, it is not a rigid document and should be understood as the basis of the continuing planning process of regular evaluation and periodic adjustment, updating and amendment. The Plan is comprised of both the map and supporting documentation which includes population and housing information based on the last ten to twenty years, circulation, environmental concerns and resources and the community's goals and objectives. Rather than a precise document, (like a zoning map) the Master Plan map actually constitutes the development policy of the Township for circulation and land use and community facilities. The land use proposals identified on the Plan map are generalized areas for development which do not follow property lines or define specific sites. Because Addison Township is generally undeveloped, to a great extent with large areas of uncommitted land without an established use pattern, it is appropriate for the Plan to indicate locations rather than sites. This allows for choice; however once a land use pattern is established within a general location, a more precise boundary can be defined by zoning. 1 The Plan is based upon several planning principles and has the following characteristics: • Long Range: Planning and responding to land development issues for the next 15-20 years. • Comprehensive: All major types of land use are considered. 1 Generalized: Land use allocations and relationships are general. The Land Use Plan map incorporates broad principals of land development and their inter-relationship(s). 1 Flexible: The plan is able to accept changes which do not affect the integrity of the total plan. 1 Site Sensitive: All map land use designations must necessarily be subject to the environmental conditions of each particular site. 1 Regional: The plan recognizes regional development and needs of adjacent communities as opposed to isolated development within arbitrary political boundaries. The Plan proposes a continuation of the very low density dispersed land use character whicn has been established in Addison Township. Modest orderly growth is recognized. Rather than concentrating growth in certain segments of the Township, or positioning the community for the provision of public -36- �------------------hr-~7'~\f=t=~nfml~~rmr~~r:mffi1~'mj:;~~~:ffi?~~;.:;;:;.= =t========,✓,:==::L._--,,rr,~--=--cou ~~NTY -·/1-----4\--'I. !--~\---------r-----.-------.,t-:=,---7' ~ --- ~ ~'1--- -1---c---F----1 f---------::Jl/-'-..L.L----i--1---L-l+-..LL____l__j~.L__J ! ~ _j TOWNSHIP MAP 3 - D CIYistopher Wzacny & Associates, Incorporated Archltectu"e · Coommy Planning· lkban Deslgl ~ D e t r o i t ' Michigan LAND USE & CIRCULATION PLAN Residential / Rural Residential / Low Density Residential / Medium Density Septeml>O<, 1983 lllllilll:lil:iil:lllill!ilil Local Convnercial Agrlcultu'e Res~ential I Multiple Dwelling - Non-Center Convnerclal - Institutional _, Fragile Watercourse Development Areas Convnerclal Rehabilitation District Recreational Conmerclal , Industrial Public ~ L....:....J Reuse limited to Recreation, Institutional, or Rural Residential uses. ~ Major Thoroughfare ADDISON TOWNSHIP• OAKLAND COUNTY• MICHIGAN �water and sanitary sewer, the proposed pattern is a dispersion of lower density single family residential areas with more intensive land uses located along Rochester Road and Lakeville Road, the Township's major arterials. The dispersed pattern approach will require a greater degree of independence on the part of individual citizens. If urban type services are ultimately required or demanded, the low density pattern as established and continued will become more expensive and less efficient; therefore, the f~1~re development a er st be continually monitored and ans r · d t insure densities which will not require ur an- e services: im roved roads ublic uti11 · · e police, recreationa1, public tr and soci l services b overnment. A description of the plan by land use is as follows: Agricultural The Plan attempts to maintain the primary existing agricultural areas of the Township. This does not preclude some residential development associated with agriculture; however, the Plan proposes that consideration be given to permanently maintain and protect these agricultural lands as areas for food production without infringements by non-agricultural uses which may generate conflicts with this non-renewable resource. Single Family Residential Three single family residential land use categories are delineated on the land use map according to:the predominate characteristics of existing single family residential development in the areas, access to circulation, and inherent natural development constraints or resources. As discussed in the existing land use section of the plan, much of the existing single family residential development occurred in three distinct patterns: small lot residential development is found near the Lakeville area and adjacent to Lakeville Lake, larger parcel single family residential development has occurred on parcels which were formerly used as farmland. The third pattern is found when the larger lots (+ten acres) are divided into smaller building sites, most often one to three acres. The following categories serve as guidelines for future zoning requests, land subdivisions and lot splits. The three single family residential categories provided in the Land Use and Circulation Plan: Residential/Medium Density, Residential/Low Density and Residential Rural, are further described as follows: Medium Density Residential Medium density single family residential is defined as densities ranging from two to three dwelling units per acre. Areas identified are generally -37- �located around Lakevi 11 e Lake where a narrow lot/ high density pattern has been established. Existing development would continue so long as sanitary conditions could be maintained without public utilities; but new development is proposed to be located on lots a minimum of 18,000 to 24,000 square feet in area. Low Density Res i den ti al Low density single family residential is perceived as areas accommodating development at a density of approximately one acre per dwelling unit or on one acre lots. Areas shown on the Plan include the existing Indian Lake area in the southwestern portion of the Township. Other areas have potential if subdivision laws are relaxed, i.e., along both sides of Yule and Brewer Roads, north side of Romeo Road and along Drahner Road in the southeast quadrant. Rural Residential This land use classification limits single family residential development to two acres or more per dwelling unit and is the proposed dominant land use in the Township. Development within this category will accomplish two major Township objectives: (1) keeping the density low so as not to generate a need for urban type services, (2) maintaining the natural environment's existing character of low density areas. The rural residential areas are widely distributed throughout the Township and include large lot areas,predominant natural features and in some cases, the large rural lots act as a buffer to existing and proposed agricultural land. Other factors contributing to the rural character of the areas are: the presence of wood~d tracts, slope and wetland areas which have minimized the intensity of development leaving deep single family parcels and large natural buffers to the rear of these larger lots. The secluded natural environment in these areas is further enhanced by unimproved roads or natural beauty roads which traverse many of these rural neighborhoods. The intent of this classification is to generally limit further splitting of large area parcels down to an average density of no less than two acres. Multiple Dwelling (Including Mobile Home Park) This land use would occur at a density of five to six dwelling units per acre and would need to be carefully designed to insure adequate water supply and waste disposal without public utilities. Developments of this density should be located only on paved primary thoroughfares and close to commercial development. Generally, multiple family residential or mobile home park uses are considered "transitional uses" and best located in such a manner to buffer lower density single family uses from non-residential uses or major thoroughfares. The area proposed for the use is the higher ground located west of Rochester Road north of Romeo Road extending to the Rochester and Brewer Road intersection. Other suitable areas are identified in the Lakeville area. -38- �Non-Residential Land Uses Non-residential land uses are located to provide a choice, generally along Rochester Road. Additionally, non-residential land uses are proposed in harmony with the existing pattern to the degree that it is established. Local Commercial This land use category is designed to satisfy the need for retail, service and office uses. Generally, this type of development will include several stores and perhaps a professional office to serve the day-to-day needs of residents. The primary function of local commercial is to provide convenient shopping at a planned location and to discourage strip commercial development and to encourage centers. The plan identified two areas specifically for local commercial to provide a choice of areas and separation from single family development: the Lakeville area; and the Rochester Road and Romeo Road area. In terms of satisfying commercial needs in the northern section of the Township, the Village will continue to provide goods and services required by the residents of this area of the Township. Non-Center Commercial Non-Center Commercial is provided to supply a wider variety of commercial goods requiring greater land areas (land extensive) along primary thoroughfares. These uses include retail and service establishments which are community oriented. Location for such establishments is commonly dependent on high accessibility and visibility. Also, because these uses may generate potentially heavier traffic volumes, and often undesirable visual impacts, proximity to single family residential land uses without proper site design requirements is discouraged. As these uses usually require outside sales and/or storage of equipment, materials, vehicles, implements, or related goods, non-center commercial sites should be at least 300 feet deep, relatively flat, and larger setbacks should be established. To minimize the negative impacts of non-center commercial uses, location of such businesses should be isolated from residential uses or proximate to industrial land uses and restricted to a concentrated area and should not be permitted to evolve and spread into commercial strips and residential areas. In areas where both local and non-center commercial development is proposed special precautions should be taken to minimize the potential hazards (i.e. on traffic, pedestrians, etc.) of such development. Marginal access roads may be utilized to minimize the number of curb cuts, thereby reducing conflicts with fast moving traffic and increasing the carrying capacity of the road. -39- �The plan includes an area along Rochester Road north of Frick Road. area provides for choice and site depth within a defined area. This Industrial Land Use There are a number of major factors which dictate the location of industrial areas. Access to major truck routes is in most cases the primary consideration. Flat topography, availability of utilities, soil bearing characteristics and compatible land uses are also important considerations. Industrial uses usually require land with no slope, unless regrading an existing slope is not a costly development expense. Land in Addison Township suitable for industrial development is limited due to the absence of sufficient utilities, an abundance of low and wetland areas and the existance of rural residential land uses. These limitations preclude heavy industrial uses and restrict industrial uses to light industry. This would include industrial uses which are generally not objectionable in terms of noise, glare, odor, dust, heavy truck traffic, fumes or similar characteristics or uses entirely located within a building. One large industrial area is shown on the land use map: on the east side of Rochester Road extending east to the Detroit Edison right-of-way. This site provides choice of location, expansion of use, access to major thoroughfares and is separated from single family residential. Commercial Recreation Corrmercial Recreation land use is proposed for several larger tracts located throughout the Township. These areas are in locations which are currently used as commercial recreation including: Mulberry Hills Golf Course, Mount Grampian, and Upland Hills Farm. These uses are located on property which could support residential development. Institutional Churches, private schools, private club land and other institutional quasipublic existing land uses comprise the properties proposed as institutional on the Land Use Circulation Plan Map. As these uses are located in or adjacent to single family residential districts, the potential reuse of these sites is therefore limited to a similar institutional use or a single family residential use of compatible density with surrounding neighborhoods. Public This classification is designed to include all public buildings such as the Township Hall offices, the U.S. Post Office, public schools etc. as a land use which will not conflict with adjacent residential uses, yet provide for -40- �needed community oriented public space and access. The maintenance of these buildings and properties is expected to continue to further provide the local public needs and services as required by the Township residents. All regional public space or any public uses under the jurisdiction of the county, State or Federal government, utilities and semi-public agencies and authorities, should be developed only in clo~e consultation with the Township. Commercial Rehabilitation District Commercial businesses require high accessibility and visibility to attract potential shoppers and compete with neighboring retail centers. Therefore, a community's commercial areas are highly visible and play an important role in shaping public perceptions on the quality of the overall community. In effect, these larid uses, such as retail areas on highly travelled r.6ads, become the "book cover" which either enhances or detracts from community image and property values. A characteristic of highly utilized or patronized commercial establishments is often the deterioration of building and site materials and surfaces. Facilities of this type require constant maintenance, regular reinvestment, and periodic rehabilitation to properly minimize the effects of climatic and user wear. A lack of reinvestment on one property is contagious and older areas generally require a coordinated rehabilitation effort to be effective. Also, this effort generally requires public coordination of design and installation of public improvements. The plan identifies Rochester Road within the Lakeville limits as a Commercial Rehabilitation District. The proper maintenance and rehabilitation of this commercial district is vital to the functional, economic, and aesthetic character and the positive image of the entire .Township. · A program of revitalization with shared public and private responsibilities should be initiated. Fragile \~a terf rant · Development Areas The development pattern of waterfront prop~rties in Addison Township has been, as in many communities in Southeastern Michigan, often characterized by narrow lots of minimum area and building setback. This pattern has largely resulted from the recreational, aesthetic, and environmental assets of watercourses desirable for summer cottages and year-round homes. By permitting these minimum development standards, more people have been given an opportunity to enjoy the unique features of lakefront living. In Addison Township, lakefront development pressures have been most felt on properties around Lakeville Lake. Presently, the lake receives heavy use from lakefront residents and those persons gaining access via the public boat launching facility off Lakeville Road. Lake 11 use 11 is not only characterized -41- �by boating, fishing, swimming, and sailing. Lakes must also endure the less obvious, often negative characteristics of lakefront growth, such as: the ability to handle stormwater runoff; the potential for reduced water quality due to soil erosion and sedimentation; and the hazard of water contamination from improperly designed, located and/or operating septic tanks~ Stormwater Management, soil erosion and sedimentation control, and septic system design are all controlled under the jurisdiction of either the State of Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR), the County Drain Commission, or the County Health Department. Although the Township is provided with verification that these lakefront concerns are properly addressed, all permits of this nature are obtained at one of these County or State agencies. Presently, no one governmental body, be it at the State, County or local level, functions to control water quality from a comprehensive viewpoint. The potential danger in granting a building permit based on a gathering of autonomous decisions is that the collective results of obtained permits may be damaging to water quality of a lake. · In recognizing the desirability of lakefront living, the pressure to develop those remaining areas as intensely as possible, and the subsequent potential for degradation of water quality, several Fragile Waterfront Development Areas are identified on the Land Use Plan. It is recommended that within these fragile areas future developmfnt be restricted to a density of one (1) dwelling unit per two (2) acres. Provision of parcels of this dimension would: permit more flexibility in building location; allow the preservation of more natural features and wildlife habitats; control the increase of stormwater runoff; allow greater separation of buildings and septic tanks from lakefronts; and limit the increase of lake users. The Township should not consider any increase in density beyond the one dwelling unit per two acres without complete documentation that such an increase in density would not adversely impact the quality of Lakeville Lake water. This 11 documentation 11 would be in •the form of an environmental impact statement which fully identified: all existing environmental characteristics of the site; proposed alterations to the site regarding topography, vegetation, drainage, soils, watercourses and wetlands; proposed land use, site access, and pertinent setbacks; location and type of site utilities; number of people to be housed and an estimate of vehicular and recreational lake traffic generated by the project; and detailed methods of controlling stormwater runoff, soil erosion and sedimentation. By requiring a developer to prepare an environmental impact statement when requesting a zoning ordinance variation permitting increased density, the Township places the 11 burden 11 on the developer to prove that no undesirable environmental impacts will result. In doing so, the Township obtains, in a complete and comprehensive manner, all the vital information on which to approve or disapprove a proposed project. -42- �Utilities (Detroit Edison and Lakehead Pipeline) Two major utility rights-of-way are located in the Township which absorb a significant amount of land area. Since these facilities have environmental impacts, their expansion or the development of new installations should be made only in close consultation with the Township. -43- �Circulation Plan Thoroughfares or arterials function to provide for through traffic, access for abutting uses and to collect and dispense traffic from hierarchy streets. Based on function, thoroughfares are classified in a hierarchial system which recognizes capacities and functions in a progresssive fashion. The circulation system in Addison Township consists primarily of Oakland County Road Commussion (OCRC) maintained and classified roads with the exception of private roads. OCRC roads are classified as primary, local, natural beauty or sub-local (subdivision) with right-of-way (ROW) width varying upon classification. The OCRC right-of-way master plan functionally classifies roadway as major thoroughfare or collector and proposes right-of-way width for each classification. The purpose of right-of-way width is to provide adequate improvements (traffic lanes, shoulder, utilities, intersections, medians, turning lanes, drainage and landscaping) and to accommodate volumes. However, within each right-of-way the function can be changed through improvements - subtracting or adding lanes, increasing or decreasing access points. Since the Township adoption of the Inter-County Highway Plan requires the Township to respect future ROW boundaries when establishing setbacks, the Township may want to reconsider adoption and amend its portion of the Plan. The purpose of the Cirr.ulation Plan for Addison Township is to recognize the circulation needs of the surrounding region and communities coordinate as much as possible the County master ROW plan with the Township Master Plan while protecting the Township from the negative impacts of traffic. Major Thoroughfares Major Thoroughfares with ROW's of 120 feet are proposed as the function classification for: North-South Routes Rochester Road Lake George, Oakwood, Hosner Road Dequindre to Leonard Road East-West Routes Leonard, Oakwood Roads Lakeville, Mack Roads Drahner, Brewer Roads Romeo Road These roads are generally spaced at two mile interval, and provide the circulation framwork for the community currently and within the scope of the plan. Improvements such as paving, (beyond lesser improvements and refinements to -44- �Lakeville, Rochester and Romeo Roads) should be limited to these thoroughfares and carefully timed with development. The primary function of major thoroughfares is to provide access to the community, provide inter-county continuity and to feed regional thoroughfares and freeways. The system provides major access and linkage to all areas of the Township and to adjoining communities and provides an adequate framework for the location of more intensive land uses. Natural Beauty Roads The natural beauty road program (as provided under Act 150, P.A. 1970, as amended) is designed to preserve in a natural, essentially undisturbed condition, certain township primary and local roads having unusual or outstanding natural beauty by virtue of native vegetation or other natural features within or associated with the right-of-way for the use and enjoyment of local residents and the public in general. In addition to the existing Natural Beauty roads, (Yule Road, Indian Lake Road and Ray Road) Lake George Road north of Oakwood Road meets the visual criteria for establishment as a Natural Beauty Road. Once the physical criteria can be met (i.e. enough signatures to satisfy OCRC petition) an attempt should be made to include this portion of Lake George Road in the Natural Beauty Road program .• Other roads should be studied for potential inclusion in the program. Private Roads Private roads through the Zoning Ordinance, must be constructed to OCRC Class 11 C11 road standards which includes a 60 foot minimum right-of-way. Additional controls may be placed on private roads through zoning ordinance amendment. Additional coordination of private road routes needs to be considered. -45- �Community Facilities Within the total development of a municipality, the prov1s1on of adequate community facilities is important. Often the desirability created by a particular community is directly related to its parks, libraries, schools, and public buildings. Government Services Center Currently Township government administrative services are located in one building in Lakeville. The Township is undertaking actions to make the site a permanent location. The location has the advantages of an existing building, adaptable to township use, convenient access on the Township major thoroughfare and location in the closely settled area of the Township thus reinforcing commercial businesses. As the Township grows, expansion of the site may be necessary to accommodate the following community facilities: recreation, library/museum, a community building, senior center, public safety facilities and a public works garage and yard. The site currently provides adequate area for these functions and related off-street parking. Even if the population should double, the site, properly designed for compatible use relationships, can accommodate these functions,with the exception of a community park site. Although expansion area and access are significant considerations in the location of a township governmental center, the importance of locating community facilities so as to support other land uses, particularly commercial uses, cannot be overemphasized. To locate governmental centers in isolated areas considering only land price and expansion area is usually a short-sighted decision which future Township generations must endure. Recreation At this time the need for Township recreation system parks remains quite low, particularly with the Township's abundance of open space, woodlots and lakes. As the Township becomes developed, both residentially and otherwise, it will be important to give consideration to a community park. Michigan State University Cooperation Extension Service recommends one and one-half acres of community park area for each 1000 residents. The minimum recommended area for a community park is 15-20 acres and would include: softball/baseball fields, multiple use paved areas, playground apparatus area, landscaped and picnic areas, other playfields for soccer and football and substantial offstreet parking. Prior to the establishment of such facilities, the cost of programming and maintenance must be given consideration. Overall, the Plan is designed to avoid densities which would generate a need for such recreational facilities. The unorganized outdoor recreation alternatives within the Township are recognized by residents as a primary community attraction and are perceived as an integral part of Township residency, precluding most of the need for organized facilities, with the exception of a small community park which would include ball fields, parking, and picnic area. -46- �If developed, such a facility should be located with access for the most residents and sited so as to enhance the community image or the image of the section of the Township where it is located. Other Community Facilities As the Township is currently planned, other community facilities can be located at the current Township hall site. The Township, because of its population can probably support only the current facility, equipment and program. The addition of another equipped fire·station would not add service beyond that which is currently available through mutual aid from adjacent communities. The level of police service currently available from the County Sheriff's office cannot efficiently be duplicated . at the Township level in the forseeable future. -47- �IMPLEMENTATION I �Implementation Strategies Implementation strategies are a key component of any community master plan. They determine how the plan's guidelines and recommendations become reality. The Addison Township Land Use and Circulation Plan should not be viewed as a finished product. As events or needs of the Township- demand, various adjustments or additions will need to be made. It is not anticipated that the P,an's major goals and objectives will require change,rather, as the plan is interpreted and implemented, certain aspects will require periodic adjustment, however. Zoning The To\'mship Zoning Ordinance is a primary tool in the achievement .of the Plan's goals. Although the plan map is not a zoning map, it should be used as a guide to zoning amendment decisions, whether they are initiated by the Planning Commission or by petitioners. _The timing of changes to the zoning map is key to implementing the Plan. The Township may choose to postpone the development of more intensive land uses in the western part of the Township and thus direct growth toward areas in central or eastern parts of the township or toward areas of existing development. Further, the map's proposals should be viewed as flexible when considering the zoning of specific sites, especially if no pattern has yet been- established. The P,lan does not follow property lines and with the exception of environmental concerns and existing and potential land use conflicts, whether a zoning pattern is established on the east or west side of a thoroughfare is often not the critical issue . - the pattern is. Depending on the rate of developmental change zoning map, an annual appraisal of the zoning generally accepted practice to provide zoning use projection, whereas the Plan is a fifteen and requests for change in the map should be made. It is on the basis of a five year land to twenty year projection. The current zoning ordinance should be reviewed to ins-ure that the environmental, land use and circulation proposals of this plan are reflected in the ordinance, particularly under site plan review and special land use approval standards. Capital Improvements Although the Plan is designed to limit the needs for capital improvements, the Planning Commission has a responsibility (under Section 7 of the Township Planning Act) in the capital improvements programming process. The Township Planning Act (Section 11:)requires the review and approval of all public facilities by the Planning Commission, yet it must be recognized that the Township Board is always the final authority on capital expenditures. Therefore, the Commission must work closely with the Board in all capital matters. Land Division Regulations Like zoning, Subdivision Regulations, under the State Subdivision Control Act (Act 288, P.A. of 1967,as amended) are tools for the implementation of -48- �this Plan.While zoning deals with land use on a site by site basis and activities in selected areas, subdivision .regulations are concerned with the process of dividing land and maintaining the quality of individual developments. Subdivision regulations protect the needs of residents by providing both site design controls and improvement standards. Design controls deal with the arrangement and location of streets, widths and depth of lots, the provision of open space, and the sufficiency of easements for utility i nsta 11 ati ons. Improvement standards insure adequate roads and physical improvements. Most land divisions in Addison Township do not come under the jurisdiction of the State Subdivision Control Act, but instead are regulated by the land division procedures and standards of the zoning ordinance sections dealing with private roads and the division of platted lots and unplatted acreage. Current regulations provide procedures and minimum standards for divisions and improvements, but need revision to adequately provide for maintenance, reconstruction and liability. Commercial Rehabilitation District The Plan designates the Lakeville commercial area as a Commercial Rehabilitation District. It is important that there be recognition given to the process of the physical aging and obsolescence of areas within a community. While rehabilitation and redevelopment reinvestments have traditionally been left to private initiative, townships have increasingly recognized the public interest in the apoearance ahd maintenance of the Township's commercial areas which often establish the community's image and set a standard for other developments. The rehabilitation of blighted areas usually involves a partnership between the Township and private land owners, based upon a plan which identifies both the public and private improvements, allocates financing, determines a scheJule and provides for implementation responsibilities. The rehabilitation of blighted areas is one of the primary purposes for Community Development Block Grant funds which the Township receives based upon a cooperation agreement with Oakland County. Much of the planning and implementation for rehabilitation of Township areas can be coordinated with the provision of Act 169, P.A. of 1970, as amended, which provides the mechanisms for preserving historic districts under the jurisdiction of the Michigan History Division of the Secretary of State's office. Such activities can help to preserve the cultural and historic values of a community and can also further economic development and planning objectives. Agency Liaison The planning program will continue to require coordination between the Township Board, the Zoning Board of Appeals, local school boards, officials of adjacent municipalities, Oakland County and citizen groups. The Plan is a means of assuring this coordination through its portrayal of an overall view of long-range Township goals. -49- �Public Understanding and Support The necessity of citizen participation and understanding of the planning process and the Plan cannot be over-emphasized. A carefully organized public education program is needed to organize and identify public support in any community development plan. The lack of citizen understanding and support can seriously limit implementation of the planning proposals. The failure to support needed bond issues, failure to elect progressive officials, and litigation concerning taxation, special assessments, zoning, and public improvements are some of the results of public misunderstanding of longrange plans. In order to organize public support most effectively, the Township must emphasize the reasons for the planning program and encourage citizen participation in the adoption of the Plan and the continued planning process. Public education can be achieved through an informational program involving talks, newspaper articles, and preparation of simple summary statements on plans for distribution. Participation by residents in various civic groups is evidence of community involvement. Continuous Planning A role of the Planning Commission is to provide planning recommendations to the Township Board. This planning function is a continuous process which does not terminate with the completion of thi-s plan. Rural-residential areas are in constant change and planning is an on-going process of identification, adjustment, and resolution of problems. In order to sustain the planning process and generate positive results, maintain momentum, and respond to change, the Plan should be reviewed and updated every three to five years. -50- � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Addison-Twp_Master-Plan_1983 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning Commission. Addison Township, Oakland County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-09-13 Title A name given to the resource Addison Township Master Plan Description An account of the resource Master Plan for Addison Township, Oakland County, Michigan developed by Wzacny & McKenna Associates Incorporated. Adopted by the Planning Commission September 13, 1983. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Wzacny & McKenna Associates Incorporated (consultant) Subject The topic of the resource Master plan reports Addison (Mich. : Township) Oakland County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5899ffe51e04c113373091078097120b.pdf e9f2fee591fc9b7c1bce2f1039d2a470 PDF Text Text ..--, . /J/Ci..-<.... /4 ~ .. , . I - 1111 CITY PLAN COMMISSION ■ I • . CITY OF OAK ' ■ .., �PLANNING UN I T STUDY A statistical Analysis by Planning Unit PLANNING DEPARTMENT CITY OF ROYAL OAK, MICHIGAN APRIL 1963 �CITY COMMISSION William Hayward, Mayor Grant J. Maudlin Vernald E. Horn Arthur H. Fries Curtis Potter Ted G. Nick Robert F. Patnales CITY PLAN COMMISSION John C. Scowcroft, Chairman William Hayward Harry W. Horton Grant W. Howell Robert F. Patnales Owen c. Perkins Harry S. Radcliff Charles B. Rosenberg Neal B. Smith Norman J. Bowman Planning Director PLANNING STAFF Daniel L. Pascoe Planner I �TABLE OF CONTENTS I Introduction..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PAGE 1 II Planning Unit Concept................................... 2 III Assumptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 A. Land Use and Zoning.............................. 4 B. Household S i z e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 c. Population Expansion............................. Free·way Development.............................. 4 4 Analysis Procedure .............•••..........•.....••.••• 5 Existing Housing Supply. . ........................ Vacant Land Analysis............................. Dwelling Unit Removals........................... Determination of Household Size.................. Potential Enrollment K-6......................... Recreational Requirements .•••••..•••••••......... 5 6 7 9 9 11 Planning Uni ts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 D. IV A. B. c. D. E. F. V A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. Planning Unit One ..........••....••••.......••... Planning Unit Two................................ Planning Unit Three •.••••••••••••••.....••..•..•• Planning Unit Four .•• • •••..•.....•..•... •• ••...•• Planning Unit Five .•••.•. . •.•..•................. Planning Unit Six................................ Planning Unit Seven .............•.•.••.••••••..•. Planning Unit Eight ••••..•...••.••••.••••••••.•.. Planning Unit Nine ••••...••.••••.•...•••••.....•• Planning Unit Ten................................ Planning Unit Eleven ...•••....•••••.••••......... Planning Unit Twelve ...••••......••.••••..•..•..• Planning Unit Thirteen •.•...•..•.....••...•.••.•• Planning Unit Fourteen ••••.....••.......•• . •.•••• Planning Unit Fifteen •.•..••••............•.••••. Planning Unit Sixteen .•••••...••..... .. . .• ..•••.. Central Business District ...........•..•..•.•.••. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 �I N T R O D U C T I O N The purpose of planning is to provide a desirable physical environment for the people that live in the area. Therefore i t is necessary to anticipate how many people will be living in that area, what needs and resources they will have, and how they will utilize the land to fulfill their private and public needs. During the past 10 years, the City of Royal Oak, like many other suburban communities, has experienced a major population expansion. This expansion has resulted in the utilization of a major portion of the land available for residential construction and has completely changed the need for municipal services, recreation, and other facilities in many areas. It is essential, therefore, to analyze the distribution of the existing and potential populations as they relate to the various community facilities and services, and to guide the orderly change in use of residential areas, and to anticipate the need for change and the accommodation of new uses. This report has been prepared in the form of a statistical manual which can be used as.a daily reference and in supplementary land use studies by the City Plan Commission, as well as other City departments and local agencies. - 1 - �P L A N N I N G U N I T C O N C E P T To plan for the community in manageable form and on a human scale, the community should be divided into samller units of measurement, frequently designated as "planning units". An individual problem or proposal involving a small area such as an intersection study or a rezoning request, is difficult to analyze when related entirely to the city as a whole. 'rhe analysis and resultant recommendations are more meaningful when considered in terms of the conditions of the area of direct influence. A major problem in defining the planning unit lies in the purpose for which it is being defined. Consider the variety of sub-areas of a city that are in common usage: precinct, a school district, a voting precinct. a police Each of these sub-areas are defined-for a relatively narrow purpose. The planning unit, on the other hand, is generally an attempt to group the total components--social, physical, economical and visual--which overlay an area into a single, identifiable unit for study and analysis. Whatever the theoretical desir- ability of this kind of grouping, it must be recognized that it is impossible to put it into practice so that each element fits precisely. - 2 - �Recognizing the need for this localized type of planning procedure, the Planning Department has delineated sixteen planning units, exclusive of the Central Business District, which will act as the basis for concentrated analysis of housing, population characteristics, land use, school-park facilities and needs. In delineating each unit, consideration was given to man-made and natural barriers limiting communication be~ tween various portions of the City, census tract and elementary school service boundaries. boundariesT Figure I indicates the boundaries and the number designation of each planning unit. - 3 - �LOCAL CITY CITY OF PLANNING ROYAL PLAN UNITS OAK, COMMISSION - MICHIGAN AUGUST·, 1961 FIGURE I ,_;;;;;;_. •.=J_t acc a i I _ �A S S U M P T I O N S Various assumptions form a necessary foundation on which a study of this nature is based. Only those assumptions which can be substantiated to some extent were relied upon to form a foundation for expectations of the future. The following basic assumptions were considered in this report: Land Use and Zoning The present zoning map and text, adopted in 1957, will not change appreciably in the future. Many non-conforming uses will continue to be utilized as such with very few conversions. In conjunction with the Basic Land Use Plan, the non-conforming uses within the southern industrial area will, in later years, be demolished and the area redeveloped into an industrial park. Household Size The average household size will continue to level off at approximately 3.5 persons per dwelling unit. Past trends have indicated slight increases and decreases in the Detroit area. However, during the past decennial period from 1950 to 1960, the average household size for Royal Oak has decreased one-one hundredth (from 3.53 to 3.52 persons) in persons per dwelling unit. Poaulation Expansion The City of Royal Oak will continue to be a desirable place in which to live. In the past decennial period mentioned above; the Community's population almost doubled, indicating a desire for residential sites within the City Limits. Freeway Development An east-west freeway, the location of which is unknown at present, is assumed to follow the Ten Mile Road alignment for study purposes. If, by chance another route is chosen, alterations must be made in the housing market of the individual areas affected. - 4 - �A N A L Y S I S P R O C E D U R E All research information was recorded on quarter section maps of the City. Each map covers one-quarter of a square mile, showing right-of-way and property lines, schools, parks and by symbols the type of structure on each parcel (whether it be a non-residential use, single family or the number of dwelling units within a multiple family structure). The zoning clas- sification on individual lots and parcels was denoted; using the quarter section maps as base material. The use of quarter section maps required the close cooperation of the Inspection and Engineering Departments. Inspection Department records indicate when a structure has reached the completion stage, while the Engineering Department continually revises the maps. A continuance of this close cooperation and revision is necessary to keep this analysis current and useful. Existing Housing Supply The existing housing supply was enumerated by counting individual dwelling units indicated on the quarter section maps. The number of single and multiple family units were determined separately and totaled by planning unit and on a City-wide basis. - 5 - �Vacant Land Analysis DETERMINATION OF THE NUMBER OF VACANT SITES--Vacant lots zoned for single family use were enumerated as were the number of vacant sites zoned for multiple dwelling purposes. The mul- tiple sites were theoretically developed fully with one-bedroom units to determine the total potential, while unplatted single family areas were platted and the number of possible lots determined. All vacant single family lots of record were considered buildableJ however, as previously pointed out, the structure indication on a quarter section map is merely symbolic and does not represent actual location. Therefore, when a vacant lot neighbored a lot utilized by a structure and was under common ownership; it was not considered vacant. It is unlikely that such lots will be utilized for the construction of a dwelling unit due to the possible utilization of both lots by the existing structure or some other accessory use. If unused for construction purposes at this timeJ i t is assumed that it will continue to lie vacant in the future. ADJUSTMENT OF AVAILABLE SITES--The total of existing and potential new dwelling units, offers an approximate determination of the ultimate number of dwellings. This ultimate} however, can only be achieved if every site is utilized to its maximum capacity. This complete utilization is considered unlikely, because the desirability of developing individual - 6 - �lots will decrease as the secondary neighborhood ages. A study made of communities similar in terms of population, stage of development, and relationship to a metropolitan area has demonstrated that development rarely consumes all vacant parcels within a community. Therefore, an analysis of past building trends over a five year period was used to determine a criterion to judge the likelihood of a vacant parcel's development. The tabulations of this inventory are portrayed in Figure II (Residential Building Trends 1957-1961). Based on this information the following criteria for judging the likelihood of a vacant lot being developed were determined: 1. 2. 3. 4. The general age and land use of the surrounding area. The general size and shape of vacant lots in comparison with those presently considered to be desirable as building sites. 'I'he relationship of vacant lots in an area with each other. For example, two or more vacant lots situated together are more desirable than a single lot. Finally, consideration was given to recent trends in residential construction of each planning unit. All of the vacant land available for residential development was analyzed, utilizing the above criteria as a basis for review. Following this analysis, those lots considered to be least likely or unlikely to develop in the foreseeable future were deducted from the potential housing stock. Dwelling Unit Removals Following the completion of the aforementioned tabulations, consideration was given to the possibility of dwelling unit - 7 - �RESIDENTIAL BUILDING PLANNING 1957 - 1961 TRENDS UNITS - CITY OF ROYAL OAK ,of-------'., 4'f--- - - - - - FI GURE 2 . . .Of--- -- -- - i l!!f---- 0 25f-------- - --- ~ lOf----- - - - !: Z.Of---- - ----ta AF'RlL • 1113 .J ' of----------t- j 10f---- ----l- O!-------I- .. . ___ _____ 4 ., ..,. ....., i 40.-...-.------~ lOHll-i■---- i .... ----1--:=-............... _____.... ' • 1» !:: 4 0 ! - - l a - - - , - - - - ------r :~.sc,,....___, -:i, ___ .. " Z 2 0,1-11...._ _ ___ ci .J . ,..........__,___ _ .. .. r . .. ____ _ "----------------.... =~ 10H1H.-ia-•-- ., ,,~ 3CHH--------t- _ _ i 10H1H.-ia-----t- ,HIH--,a-•---t- . 8 7 , -- --- -- I -- ' ":~ ilOH _______ ~ 181--~•-1■ CITY-AT· LA~GE • L >O ,_ ____ ....., , ,__ as .,..., _ ' IO !::40 f,,...,,._.. _____ _ ..... .J o 1>HIH_,___ __ ·- - .... ....•• ...f ,o,1-___._ ii Z-OHIH.-i- - - - 10HH________ ' - --- .... .J . . t_ 40 f - - - - - - 6 ., •of-----1.-i---- • IO I ~10!-l _____f - - - - ,of--------~2 s - 0 ' • -- - ■ •• rt- . 40 0 '75 .................. 22,Hl~...i• ,,.._. ,-- ....____ ., ~ •.. 175.....__,_ _ _ _,___ .. 20f--- - - - - z 20f--- - - - -- . .. = r '°· . .. ,,t---- - - - ".J II ,o ., ., 4() f - - - - -- - l ,o,_ ;5! ! , f - - - - - - - _____ _ ~ ~ i5i .J 1 •Of -- - - - - - l1 ,o ., t. 40 •.. !:: 40 ....r"° !: • ~ IO "i .J . . ~ U) "' Q. 1!50 ..as D .J 5 ID ___ IZ~---1■1- ... 16 ....f,.,_____ _______ .. .., 1 - - -- ,_ --- r ,.,_______ 50 . .. .. t Sl-- - - - - - 3 ••0I--- - - - - - -, .JISt----- -~ 101-- - - - - - 10 12 ... •• !::40 =·r .. <> I !: I 0 .J ,. ;i t 13 �removals. Due to proposed freeway construction and possible redevelopment activity, assumed dwelling unit losses were deducted from the adjusted housing capacity. As pointed out, although the exact location of an east-west (I-696) freeway has not been determined, a Ten Mile Road alignment was assumed for study purposes. Closely connected to I-696 development is the possible southern industrial redevelopment. I .I A reduction caused by these two possibilities, amounting to 422 homes, was deducted from the affected planning units. If another freeway route is selected, a revision of various planning unit boundaries and the number of dwelling units therein will be necessitated. Thus, this was the process used to arrive at the total possible number of dwelling units. Each individual step in the housing stock analysis is summarized in Table I (Derivation of Total Possible Dwelling Units). TABLE I DERIVATION OF TOTAL POSSIBLE DWELLING UNITS SEQUENCE OF STEPS 1. 2. 3. 4. NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS Existing Number ••........••. 24,170 Approximate Potential .•....• 3 1 538 Unadjusted Capacity ....•••.••••• 27,708 Sites unlikely to be utilized..... 210 Adjusted Capacity •...........••••••••• 27,498 Dwelling Units Removed.................. 422 Losses by Renewal Programs 150 Losses by (I-696) Construction 272 Potential Dwelling Units ••..••.•............ 27,076 - 8 - �Determination of Household Size The average household size is the key used to detennine existing, and estimating the potential populations. Household size is a term used to describe the number of persons per dwelling unit, and is applied to the adjusted potential housing stock. As previously pointed out, it is assumed that in the foreseeable future an average of 3.5 persons per household will exist. However, the importance lies in the determination of household size by dwelling unit type, i.e., single and multiple family. Existing average household sizes for single and multiple family dwelling units were determined by a statistical sample based on the 1960 Census of Housing. Two averages, 4.2 persons per single family unit and 2.6 persons per multiple household, were applied respectively to the adjusted new potential number of dwelling units; while the existing average (3.5 persons) was applied ~o the existing number of dwelling units. The sum of all three serves as an estimate of the potential population. Potential Enrollment K-6 Elementary school requirements reflect trends in development, i.e., the location of future highways, industrial and commercial areas, redevelopment, and the density of development within the school district. Due to the present stage of - 9 - �development, pattern of land use and density of population the potential residential growth in Royal Oak has been estimated. On the basis of the current number of dwelling units and the public elementary school enrollment a ratio of 0 . 47 public elementary school children per dwelling unit was determined. This ratio was then applied to the total potential dwelling units in each planning unit to arrive at a figure for the future enrollment. In addition to enrollment figures, data . was collected on current school plant and site capacities which are discussed in connection with the respective planning units. A standard of one acre per 100 pupils was uti- lized to determine school site needs. It should be noted that there are on the average 0.6 elementary school children per dwelling unit. However, approximately 22% (a reduction of the average.number of elementary school children per dwelling unit from 0.6 to 0.47 pupils) of the school children do not attend a public school. Many of which attend one of the four parochial schools located within the city. This average varies from one district to the next, increasing as high as 40% in those attendance areas which are within the immediate area of a parochial school. The overall average (0.47) was utilized to project the future public school enrollment due to the inconsistence of attendance area and planning unit boundaries. Therefore, the projected enrollments - 10 - �P L A N N I N G U N I T S The City of Royal Oak contains an area of 7,610.7 acres. Its population is estimated at 84,595 persons housed in 24,170 dwelling units. There is available space to accommodate an additional 2,906 dwellings. The total holding capacity was determined to be 27,076 dwelling units. If this full capacity is reached, there will be an estimated 93,945 persons residing within the City. The public elemen- tary school enrollment may bulge from 11,280 pupils to more than 12,726 pupils. The way in which individual planning units receive the growth potential is discussed in the following sections and included in Table II (Estimated Development and Population by Planning Unit). - 12 - �TABLE II ESTIMATED DEVELOPMENT AND POPULATION BY PLANNING UNIT(A) EXISTING NUMBER OF DWELLINGS POTENTIAL NEW POTENTIAL NEW MULTI-FAMILY DWELLINGS TOTAL POTENTIAL DWELLINGS POPULATION POTENTIAL 926 1202 3518 565 23.05 35.l 12,0 0 5.6 5.6 138 17 2337 8261 1098 36. 67 82.6 45.9 4.43 10.9 6.6 1350 34 108 1492 5149 701 100.5~£) 51.4 -49.l 11.28 7.0 0 396.7 1216 43 310 1569 5243 737 67.16 52.4 -14.8 19.76 7.3 0 s 349. 3 595 14 0 609 2141 286 143.31 21.4 -121. 9 7.18 2. 8 0 6 548.8 1714 189 41 1944 6899 914 45. 78 68.9 23.l 18.66 ., 9.1 0 668.l 2030 91 55 2176 7630 1023 41. 71 76.3 34.6 7.63 10.2 2.6 B 651.2 2231 152 33 2416 8533 1136 46.10 85.3 39.2 6 . 76 11.3 4.5 9 476.4 1566 143 219 1928 6651 906 11. 76 66.5 54.7 11. 76 9.0 0 10 3B7 .2 1390 33 15 1438 5043 676 14. 76 50.4 35.6 5.13 6.7 l.5 11 310.4 1199 42 9 1250 4396 588 15.40 43.9 28. 5 0 5.8 5.8 12 653. 9 2597 107 0 2704 9539 1271 35.56 95.3 59. 7 17.81 12.7 0 13 250.l 639 36 112 787 2679 370 14.87 26.7 11.8 4.89 3.7 0 14 357. 9 1664 -26 (a) 16 1654 5775 777 6.77 57.7 50.9 6.77 7.7 0.9 15 536.8 2365 18 (cl 19 2402 8403 1129 21.25 84.0 62.7 5.65 U.2 5.5 16 365.4 1228 -197 (o) 3 1034 3616 486 3.73 36 , l 32.4 2.45 4.8 2.3 CBD 105.6 134 0 0 134 469 63 0 4.6 4.6 0 0 0 TOTAL 7610.7 24,170 1,023 1,883 27,076 93,945 12,726 628.40 939.4 311.0 130.16 125.8 35.3 AREA PLANNING UNIT IN ACRES l 321.8 70 206 2 706.9 2102 3 524.2 4 / • (A) • (a) (C) (o) (E) SINGLE FAMILY DWELLINGS POTENTIAL K-6 ENROLLMENT EXISTING REC. LAND (ACRES) REC, NEEDS (ACRES) NET REC. NEED (ACRES) EXISTING K-6 SCHOOL SITES An explanation of the table is included in the Analysis Procedure section of the text. Figure represents a potential of 124 dwellings and a reduction of 150 dwelling units due to freeway construction. Figure represents a potential of 78 dwellings and a reduction of 60 dwelling unite due to freeway construction. Figure represents a potential of 15 dwellings and a reduction of 212 dwelling units due to freeway construction and renewal. Figure does not include 6.13 acres devoted to a parking lot (site number 2-20 in City Land Data). K-6 SCHOOL SITE NEED NET K-6 SCHOOL NEED �PLANNING 1 UNIT Dwelling Unit Potential ••...•.. 1,202 Population Potential ••..•• .• 3,518 Elementary School Potential ..•..•.... 565 Recreational Land (Acres) .••...••.. 23.05 School••··········· □ Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • OIi. WEDGEWOOD 11 THOftNWOgO DR. TORQUAY AVl ~ 0 a: RI) ,., 0 > a: .. w z •> C 0 a: ... > C w .. > w .. > 0 0 "' > w 0 C a: �P L A N N I N G U N I T l DESCRIPTION: This unit, containing 321.8 acres, lies entirely north of Fourteen Mile Road. DEVELOPMENT: Planning unit one, being 90% undeveloped, has the greatest potential for industrial and residential growth. Approximately one-half (122.9 acres) of the area is zoned for industrial purposes under the present zoning conditions. There are approximately 50 acres developed for industrial purposes, leaving more than 70 acres for future industrial growth. The residential holding capacity is 1202 dwelling units with a population potential of approximately 3,518 persons, including 565 public elementary school pupils. If this potential is reached, there would be a 94% increase in residential development within the unit. • I I I SCHOOL-PARK FACILITIES: An elementary school would be required to accommodate the estimated K-6 enrollment. A school site of 6 or 7 acres would be adequate and also substantially eliminate the recreational needs of the unit. - 13 - �PLANNING 2 UNIT Dwelling Unit Potential .•....... 2,337 Population Potential ......... 8,261 Elementary School Potential ......... 1,098 Recreational Land (Acres) •.......... 36.67 BIRD School•••••········ Park• • • • • • • • • · · · · • • "'> D - . ., 0 a: > 0: "◄ .. ""' 0 "'"' "' "' I ..."' 0 0 0 "' .... ◄ t< ... > • .. "- ..,> ..,> : c( 0 a: ◄ JUDSON •vi w ..,.. ... "' " "' " .... 0 > II: ◄ :i: "' 0 "' "' ....,. �P L A N N I N G U N I T 2 DESCRIPTION: This is the only Woodward Avenue; Greenfield Road, ward Avenue. It ing 706.9 acres. unit lying entirely west of bounded by Webster Road, Fourteen Mile Road and Woodis the largest unit contain- DEVELOPMENT: There are 2,182 homes within the unit and available space for an additional 155 dwelling units. If this capacity is reached, approximately 8,261 persons and 1,098 elementary school pupils may be expected to reside in the area. The unit contains a large amount of land zoned for commercial use, which serves as a retail center for both this unit and the surrounding area. There are 39.7 acres commercially zoned which are generally located along Woodward Avenue and concentrated at the Northwood Shopping Center. SCHOOL-PARK FACILITIES: I I The estimated increased population puts an additional burden on an already over-burdened school-park plant. The Parker Elementary School, serving the entire unit, is situated on an inadequate site and will be unable to handle the potential K-6 enrollment. There is a net recreational need of 45 acres (45.9 in table) required to adequately serve the expanded population. It should be noted that 19.5 acres of the existing 36 . 67 acres of recreational land are leased and not owned by the City. _j .i - 14 - �PLANNING 3 UNIT Dwelling Unit Potential ...... 1,492 Population Potential ....•• 5,149 Elementary School Potential •...••.. 701 Recreational Land (Acres) •.....• 100.52 School···········D Park . . . . . . . . . • . . • • "' ... FOURTEEN SAIIO w "' ~ > ◄ SET a w w ~ > > > ◄ ID. 1· C )(A~OTA . :DD[ .. .., .. .. C 0 0 "~ " °' "'2 II: ., ...C .. ., 0 1 .. . :, .., 0 or > "' .. 0 ... > C I 0 �PLANNING U N I T 3 DESCRIPTION: This unit containing 524.2 acres, is bounded on the north by the City of Birmingham and Fourteen Mile Road. Woodward Avenue on the west and Thirteen Mile Road on the south serve as street barriers. The Grand Trunk right-ofway is the boundary on the east. DEVELOPMENT: The planning unit, containing both Woodward Avenue frontage and the second largest industrial area, has 73.6 acres zoned for non-residential purposes. An additional 100.5 acres are utilized.for recreational purposes leaving approximately 350 acres for residential development. The residential holding capacity is 1,492 dwelling units with a population potential of approximately 5,149 persons, including 701 public elementary school pupils. SCHOOL-PARK FACILITIES: There are presently adequate school and recreational facilities to serve the potential. It should be noted that a major portion of the recreational lands (Memorial Park and Royal Oak Golf Course--a total of 81.19 acres) serve the dual purpose of neighborhood and City-atlarge recreation needs. - 15 - �tLANNING 4 UNIT Dwelling Unit Potential .....•... 1,569 Population Potential . . . . . . . . . 5,243 Elementary School Potential . . . . . . . . . . . 737 Recreational Land (Acres) .....•..... 6 7 . 16 School •..•..•.•.. - - .. > .. "' J .. z ., IL .. D > ...a: ... w .. .; .. ..... '" JI 0 J w 0 J FOURTEEN .... 0 J 0 0 l> .. .. > ... .. 0 > a; 0 0: ... .. > .. .. > z "' > .. 0 0 a: > 0 0 "' ... a; .... 0: "' 0 CHESTER ... 0 RP LEX. t HG lOW ~ " 0 0 C "'.., 0 z .... 0 Ill . .., a: .; "' 0 0 0 !J "'z .-, ... ... .... 0 .. z .; 0 0 0 !J .. JI STARR E. X ,,.. IC ::, Q z .. .,"' 0 RD· .. > > "'0 s. :=====; _ .___ I _. WINOEIHA£ TKIRTEEN �P L A N N I N G U N I T 4 DESCRIPTION: This unit, with an area of 396.7 acres is bounded by Fourteen Mile Road on the north, Crooks Road on the east, Thirteen Mile Road on the south and the Grand Trunk track on the west. DEVELOPMENT: The holding capacity of this planning unit is 1,569 dwelling units. If this potential is reached, approximately 5,243 persons and 737 public elementary school children may be expected to reside within the unit. Residential development is limited to some extent by the proportionally large amount of nonresidential lands (i.e., industrial, 47.3 acres; commercial, 3.2 acres; and recreational, 66.6 acres) which comprise about 30% of the area. SCHOOL-PARK FACILITIES: Existing recreational facilities compare favorably with the projected growth. However, Starr and Jefferson Elementary Schools, which together serve planning unit four as well as other units, will not be adequate in the future. The Jefferson attendance area encompasses all of planning unit one and that portion of unit four which lies north of Normandy Road. Planning unit one alone has a potential K-6 population which exceeds the enrollment capacity of Jefferson. The Starr School attendance area contains the southern part of this unit and a portion of unit eight. Although the school attendance and planning unit boundaries do not coincide, i t is possible to determine the adequacy of the Starr School plant utilizing the raw data collected and school census figures as a control factor. Based on this data, there are indications that the Starr School district will surpass its enrollment capacity in the near future. - 16 - �PLANNING 5 UNIT Dwelling Unit Potential .....•••... 609 Population Potential . . . . . . . . . 2,141 Elementary School Potential . • . . . . . . . . . 286 Recreational Land (Acres) . . . . . . • . . . . 143.31 c 0: I I z .. 0 > ~I 0 I KIMBALL H, S, I H[ST[R [l(GlEWO WCOOLAW IOI I O l AN "0: L4WR[NC BLDOII F E l 0 a: Q tr .. .. > .. WEBSTER ~ E WEBSTE �PLANNING U N I T 5 DESCRIPTION: This unit is bounded on the north by the City Limits which separates it from the City of Clawson. Main Street on the east, Thirteen Mile Road on the south and Crooks Road on the west serve as additional boundaries, encompassing an area of 349.3 acres. DEVELOPMENT: A potential of 14 new homes may be expected in addition to the 595 existing dwellings providing a total holding capacity of 609 dwelling units. If full capacity is reached, an estimated 2,141 persons and 286 public elementary school children may be expected to reside in the area. Residential growth is limited to some extent by large lot sizes and a large amount of land devoted to recreational purposes (143.31 Acres) in this relatively small planning unit. SCHOOL-PARK FACILITIES: There are more than adequate recreational lands to serve the needs of the residents within the unit. Emerson Elementary School is capable of accommodating the potential K-6 enrollment requirements of the unit. However, the school's attendance district encompasses an optional enrollment area, making it impossible to determine the total enrollment potential on the basis of the information compiled. The term "optional enrollment area 11 describes a district in which residents may send their children to one or another elementary school. - 17 - �PLANNING UNIT 6 Dwelling Unit Potential ...•..••• 1,944 Population Potential ......••. 6,899 Elementary School Potential •••••••••.• 914 Recreational Land (Acres) •.••••••.•• 45.78 School••··········· D Park••·············- �P L A N N I N G U N I T 6 DESCRIPTION: Planning unit six, located in the northeast corner of the City, is bounded by the Cities of Clawson, Troy and Madison Heights. The boundary on the south and west is Thirteen Mile Road and Main Street respectively. This unit contains an area of 548.8 acres. DEVELOPMENT: There are 1,714 dwelling units and 230 additional vacant sites adequate for residential development. When available land is utilized, approximately 6,899 persons,including 914 elementary school pupils may be expected to reside within the unit. SCHOOL-PARK FACILITIES: The Mark TWain and Oak Ridge Elementary Schools serve the unit and outlying areas. Although the Mark TWain site is adequate in terms of acres per pupil to serve the entire unit, its attendance area includes only a portion of the unit and a part of the City of Troy; making it impossible to determine the potential enrollment. The Oak Ridge Elementary School, not located within the unit, is unable to cope with its present enrollment. The overflow of pupils is accommodated at the Mary Lyon Junior High School. Nine rooms of the Junior High School are utilized by fifth and sixth grade students which would otherwise attend Oak Ridge School. Recreational facilities are inadequate to meet the needs of the estimated population. Approximately 23 acres are required in addition to the existing school-park sites . - 18 - �7 UNIT PLANNING ----------......c.J;'.c'1 ·._;·-----~--~ wo=i.~s CIE. _ ..... 1•u --------' - - - - - - - - - - ~ > __s_,_~7,l,.......1.::::.::::.::::.::::="=·=·=·=-·===--:j V E ..R_O_____. ~======$=U="="==1=8=~=0=0==•===--~--R _O_ _, E: ,, c ,, ::, Y[ .r ~ II J ~ c c~::;::::::': · J,., !: .. :::N:::':::':::•:::•:::•.:::· ;cl / - ._. .••• - ~ ";, ':. ::===========::! i, ( [ Dwelling Unit Potential • .••..... 2,176 Population Potential ......... 7,630 Elementary School Potential. ...•.... 1, 023 Recreational Land (Acres) ..••...••.. 41.71 School . . . . . . . . . . . . . D Park .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . - .. A V E CT z C z 0 :I w "' ... u ..,"' L) CT z > z u AVI: "' .\V E -= j .., . ._~ >..--:::~~==--===-'"===-=~ ◄ zI w □: ~ ---- ~ I - W [,V£ - - MA1'LIH D E WEY w ...., ! ~ 1-- : V) ;; C ! t&J i E : ~f..iiii::i~-~:.;.;-::-~~~~~~~~~~~ ; : UI A V [ I ST ◄ > .. > > C > :II 0 z ;1 :a ,. .. > z �P L A N N I N G U N I T 7 DESCRIPTION: This unit is bounded on the east by Campbell Road, which separates it from the Royal Madison Shopping Center and the residential areas lying within Madison Heights. Twelve Mile Road on the south, Main Street on the west and Thirteen Mile Road on the north serve as additional barriers. DEVELOPMENT: Planning unit seven, containing 668.1 acres, is the second largest in the City. Its holding capacity, limited by the large amount of acreage devoted to the Red Run Golf Club, is 2,176 dwelling units. If this capacity is reached, approximately 7,630 persons and 1,023 K-6 pupils may be expected to reside within the unit. SCHOOL-PARK FACILITIES: Recreational facilities are inadequate to meet the requirements of the projected population. An additional 35 acres (34.6 in table) are required to bring the existing recreational facilities up to accepted standard. The Oak Ridge Elementary School, located within this unit, serves only a portion of the area. As noted in the discussion of the previous planning unit, this school is unable to meet the current requirements of its attendance area. - 19 - �PLANNING ... .."' > .."' > • 0 > "a: > ,c "' Q cs£STER 0 "' '" ,.c RD. ,c JI LEXINGTON School • • • • • • • • • · 0 ....,"' .. 0 ... 0 0 JI ~ " 0 0 " 0 0 :z J,. VE .. IC ... :, Q C 0 z - _._____ 0 MT VERNO a: :, 0 WI NDEIHRE !: '.:=======:: ~-----, ~---- --- ...... ;_.., '=="===...Lh;;;;:=:-==:! .l Vt. - -~l;~-=-==c - T[[N] w > .. ~•R ... .. > .. > 0 C 0 ..,> .... .. 0 WEB5TER 8 Dwelling Unit Potential •••... 2,416 Population Potential ••.••• 8,533 Elementary School Potential .••••• 1,136 Recreational Land (Acres) ..•••••• 46.10 ci " UNIT :a DR . Park••••.••• •••• - �P L A N N I N G U N I T 8 DESCRIPTION: Planning unit eight, containing 651.2 acres, lies directly east of the Grand Trunk rightof-way. Thirteen Mile Road on the north, Main Street on the east and TWelve Mile Road on the south serve as street barriers. DEVELOPMENT: This unit has the second largest holding capacity consisting of a possible 2,416 dwellings. If this potential is reached, an estimated 8,533 persons,including 1,136 elementary school pupils may be expected to reside in the unit. SCHOOL-PARK FACILITIES: The recreational facilities are inadequate to meet the needs of the unit's estimated population. An additional 40 acres (39.2 in table) will provide the necessary recreational lands. The Northwood Elementary School, located within the unit, draws its enrollment from portions of units seven, eight, nine, ten and eleven. The enrollment potential could not be determined from the data collected because of the inconsistence between planning unit and attendance area boundaries. Similar situations exist between other attendance areas and units. - 20 - �PLANNING UNIT 9 lling Unit l 928 ow;otential ......••• , o ulation PP tial ••.•.. ••• 6,651 Paten School 06 Elementa:y ••••.••• 9 Potential ••• d r Rec eational Lan ••.•.. 11.76 (Acres)•···· ~oo - : .. ESSE.X ., w > > c C DDJJMS E • a J. L....J . ~ S-.+ y ...,..,. ····- ... .••• · Park.·· ........ School.······ C > D : • ~ ~- AV L C .. II II£ N :z; :;; .. 0 :,, <II "' :a : LL O YO 00 ROS (L 0 �P L A N N I N G U N I T 9 DESCRIPTION: This unit,containing 476.4 acres, is bounded on the west and east by Woodward Avenue and the Grand Trunk right-of-way respectively. Other barriers include Thirteen Mile Road on the north and Twelve Mile Road on the south. DEVELOPMENT: The planning unit has a holding capacity of 1,928 dwelling units. If this full capacity is reaehed, approximately 6,651 persons, including 906 elementary school pupils may be expected to reside in the area. SCHOOL-PARK FACILITIES: There are no public parks in this planning unit. All of the recreational facilities are located at one school site, consisting of 11.76 acres, located within the unit. Jane Addams Elementary School is well located, serving in general the entire planning unit. Although unable to meet the projected enrollment, it should be noted that a greater than average portion of pupils in this area do not attend the public school. This is due to the proximity of the Shrine of the Little Flower School. Similar situations exist in all planning units surrounding the four parochial schools located within the City. - 21 - �PLANNING 10 UNIT lling Unit 1 438 owe . 1 ... . . . . . . , Potent1a ., 0: Populati~n ..••. 5,043 Potential •... 1 Schoo 6 Elementa~yl . . . . . . . . . 67 Potentia •. d " % 2 ;:: uovo Recreational L~~ .... 14.76 (Acres) · • • • • . DUSTON IA School...... . . . ..... . D •.••••••. k Par···· ' ~~ OR ···• 011 OR I ~ -~ DER W 11'1 LAW>oDAL 0 a " a: C t.TA LP 0f7l []"'; 0: "' a o \ 0 r en "'_ O]oo □t6ij g _, "' IZ 0 \ " AU .: "' ...er u o ., AV 0 ..J .J 0 - • :a:. AV O AV ... "'" ~-1 -□ ONGfEL~OW E. \ t ,Ro □ ---------.---=-;- - - ., .. ., C .,I- ST .. "' �P L A N N I N G U N I T 10 DESCRIPTION: Planning unit ten, containing 387.2 acres, is bounded by TWelve Mile Road on the north, the Grand Trunk right-of-way on the east, Eleven Mile Road on the south and Woodward Avenue on the west. DEVELOPMENT: This unit has 28.9 acres zoned for commercial purposes, located generally along the Woodward Avenue and Eleven Mile Road frontage. It has a holding capacity of 1,438 dwelling units. If this capacity is reached, there will be approximately 5,043 persons,including 676 elementary school pupils residing within the planning unit. SCHOOL-PARK FACILITIES: To satisfy the recreational requirements of the estimated population an additional 35.6 acres are needed. It should be noted that the playground facility at the Shrine School, as in other units containing a parochial school site, was not considered in the determination of the net recreational need. The area is served by the Longfellow and Northwood Elementary Schools~ neither of which have attendance areas that coincide with the planning unit. On the basis of the data collected the potential enrollment of each could not be determined. - 22 - �PLANNING UNIT 8LVD 11 PINE•UAST « AVE 0 0 MAGNOLIA < AVE □□ ""' E ~P~0T~AW~~~T0~W~I~ "' 0 ~ ~ ~ + ~ 1••::': i1 0 00 ,,.... ,._,,. ~ c, RO . ~iiii:ii~~~~-s~ . -;,,,-__ c,. 0 -'11 OR -- ~ l ~ . ; .. ~G:::::::A o:::::v£ ~ _ : "" •,A~LAZ H0USTOIIIA ~ I..__ __. -, 0 A1E School·•••••••••••••- M-AR_ Y_ Park .••••.••••••••••• :!::rtrc::===n:_~~~:!:-:::::_rt_:::::-~_rc::r--::::,_'"C_:::::-~-f ..==-aa~--~ YA A,._ IM WAV[IILE ~ ., Dwelling Unit Potential ••••••••. 1,250 Population Potential .••..•••• 4,396 Elementary School Potential ••••••••••••• 588 Recreational Land (Acres) . . ......... 15.40 UCLID u S8O110 DR I I I I ll A II D [ 14 I A ..., .." ..,.... 0 0 ... "' ,_ "' ... .,, ST .... .. �PLANNING UN I T 11 DESCRIPTION: Planning unit eleven, one of the smaller units, contains 310.4 acres. It is bounded by Twelve Mile Road on the north, Main Street on the east, Eleven Mile Road on the south and the Grand Trunk right-of-way on the west. DEVELOPMENT: A major portion of the frontage of the boundary streets is zoned for commercial purposes (a total of 29.l acres within the planning unit). There are 1,199 dwellings and available space for an additional 51 homes. If the full capacity is reached, approximately 4,396 persons, including 588 elementary school pupils may be expected to reside within the unit. SCHOOL-PARK FACILITIES: The recreational facilities are not capable of serving the existing and estimated population. There is less than an acre of public park land within the planning unit. Dondero High School is the only public area serving the recreational requirements of the planning unit. As noted previously the unit is served by Northwood and Longfellow Elementary Schools. - 23 - �PLAN NI NG GOLF z DETROIT B LVO- ..... CT AV [ "' .... "' ... CT. "y UNIT 12 Dwelling Unit Potential .•••••.•. 2,704 Population Potential ••••••.•• 9,539 Elementary School Potential ••.•••••. 1 1 271 Recreational Land (Acres) •••••.••••• 35.56 It:. .. z :II AVE. AV[ z School . . . • . . • • • • • • • • • Park .••••••••••••.. _ _ JO Zu ., .. > �PLANNING U N I T 12 DESCRIPTION: Planning unit twelve, containing 653.9 acres, is bounded on the north by Twelve Mile Road, on the east by Campbell Road, on the south by Eleven Mile Road and on the west by Main Street. DEVELOPMENT: Residential development in this unit is limited to some extent by the large amount of acreage devoted to non-residential uses. Approximately 35 acres are zoned for commercial purposes which are generally located on the Eleven Mile Road and Main Street frontage. The three cemeteries located within the City are all situated in this unit containing 101.87 acres. The unit has the largest number of existing dwellings, as well as, the greatest holding capacity, consisting of 2,597 and 2,704 homes respectively. Its potential population is approximately 9,539 persons, including 1,271 K-6 pupils. SCHOOL-PARK FACILITIES: Recreational needs are greater than normal in this unit due to the high density of residential development. The existing facilities do not compare favorably with population requirements, indicating a net need of 59.7 acres. The unit is served by both the Lockman and Whittier Elementary Schools. The potential enrollment of Lockman cannot be calculated because it serves portions of Madison Heights which is outside the study area. Based on the data collected, the Whittier School may expect approximately 850 pupils. This amounts to a small portion above the desired capacity. - 24 - �PLANNING .. .. 0 = "' E :::, u ~ z ~ ~ ~ : > z " ~ I z u ~ u ~ous re-,,. •~E 0 13 Dwelling Unit Potential ........•.• 787 Population Potential ......... 2,679 Elementary School Potential .•••.•..•.• 370 Recreational Land (Acres) ........... 14.87 .. ... UNIT ~ School •••.....•..•. ·D Park . • . • • . . • . . • • • • . • • z z 0 ~ "' ► .. lie ~ ., " a: .. ~ �P L A N N I N G U N I T 13 DESCRIPTION: This unit lies east of Campbell Road and north of Eleven Mile Road. It is the samllest residential unit consisting of only 250.1 acres. DEVELOPMENT: Development in this unit is limited to some extent by the proposed Chrysler Freeway and the 54.97 acres that are set aside for nonresidential purposes (school-park 14.87 acres, Department of Public Works 13.80 acres, industrial 21.80 acres and commercial 4.50 acres). The holding capacity of the unit is 787 dwellings, housing approximately 2,679 persons and 370 elementary school children. It should be noted that those homes in the path of the proposed Chrysler Freeway were not included in the enumeration. SCHOOL-PARK FACILITIES: Although there is an indicated recreational requirement of 11.8 acres, on the basis of size and holding capacity the existing facilities would appear to be adequate. In addition to the facilities in planning unit thirteen; the Lockman School site, located within planning unit twelve, is accessable to a major portion of the residents of the unit. The Lincoln Elementary School serves a portion of this unit.and planning unit fourteen; as well as, a small portion of Madison Heights located east of Stephenson Highway. Although the school building is adequate to meet the needs of the unit, the site is of inadequate size in terms of current standards. - 25 - �PLANNING UNIT 15 Dwelling Unit Potential •.••••••. 2,402 Population Potential .••....•• 8,403 Elementary School Potential •..•..... 1,129 Recreational Land (Acres) ..••••••..• 21.25 I I I J ,. ""' ..." l J I .. 0 :, 2 "' ..z li .l �P L A N N I N G I .I U N I T 15 DESCRIPTION: This unit, containing 536.8 acres, is bounded by Eleven Mile Road on the north, Campbell Road on the east, and Ten Mile Road on the south. The Grand Trunk right-of-way and the Central Business District or Troy Street serves as the barrier to the west. DEVELOPMENT: The planning unit contains a large amount of property zoned for commercial and industrial purposes {31.0 and 38.3 acres respectively). The holding capacity of this unit is 2,402 dwelling units. It should be pointed out that this capacity will be limited to some extent by a reduction of 60 homes due to the proposed east-west freeway. If the full capacity is reached, an estimated 8,403 persons and 1,129 K-6 pupils may be expected to reside in the planning unit. SCHOOL-PARK FACILITIES: This unit has a net recreational need of 62.7 acres . This high recreational need reflects the high population density residing in the area and the lack of existing recreational facilities. The expected K-6 enrollment is served by the Grant and Franklin Elementary Schools. Although both school plants are capable of handling the potential enrollment, the school sites are small in terms of current site standards. - 27 - �PLANNING ...... .. .. .. ., ... ► .J Q .J ~ -~ "- " ... ..,, .J :::, ""Q UNIT 16 �P L A NN I NG U N I T 16 DESCRIPTION: Planning unit sixteen, containing 365.4 acres, lies in the southwest corner of the city. It is bounded on the north by Eleven Mile Road, on the east by the Central Business District and the Grand Trunk right-of-way and on the south and west by the City Limits. DEVELOPMENT: This unit contains 27.2 acres of industrial land and the largest amount of property (49.0 acres) zoned for commercial purposes. The unit will experience a net reduction of 197 dwellings in the future, due to the construction of the proposed Interstate Freeway (I-696) and the possible redevelopment of the industrial area bounded by the Grand Trunk, Ten Mile, Main, and Lincoln rights-of-way. If previous assumptions are correct, the holding capacity will be 1,034 dwelling units, housing an estimated 3,616 persons and 486 elementary school children. SCHOOL-PARK FACILITIES: The recreation facilities, consisting of 3.73 acres, are totally inadequate. There are four park sites containing a total of 1.28 acres. The Washington School attendance district does not coincide with the planning ·unit and, therefore, its enrollment could not be determined. It should be noted that the school site (2.45 acres) does not meet current standards. - 28 - �CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT Dwelling Unit Potential . •••.•••... 134 Population Potential. • •••.••... 469 Elementary School Potential .•.•.. . ..• • . 63 Recreational Land (Acres) ..•.•.•.....•.. O :I PA R ( ~~ □ VE z .. > E OCW il E"C �CENTRAL B U S I N E S S D I S T R I C T DESCRIPTION: The Central Business District is bounded on the north by Eleven Mile Road, on the east by Troy Street, on the south by Lincoln Avenue and on the west by West Street. DEVELOPMENT: This is a predominantly commercial area, containing 105.6 acres. There are 43.l acres, not including areas set aside for public parking and municipal use, zoned for commercial purposes. There are 134 non-conforming dwelling units within the unit with a population of approximately 469 persons, including 63 elementary school pupils . SCHOOL-PARK FACILITIES: There are no recreational or public school facilities within the business district. - 29 - � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Royal-Oak_Planning-Unit-Study_1963 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning Department, City of Royal Oak, Oakland County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1963-04 Title A name given to the resource Planning Unit Study Description An account of the resource The Planning Unit Study was prepared by the Planning Department for the City of Royal Oak in April 1963. Subject The topic of the resource Planning study series Royal Oak (Mich.) Oakland County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/09dc58f43826dfa3721067a089c71d3f.mp4 6b11589b7db175017145e08216df463d https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/cd871851335155978ad39643a8711a5a.pdf 1735f03e29883dd8f7dcc72a062c584f PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans' History Project Gerard Platte World War II 1 hour 43 minutes 12 seconds (00:01:54) Early Life -Born on December 30, 1921 in Grand Rapids, Michigan -Grew up in Grand Rapids -Father was a foreman at Hayes Manufacturing -Had four sisters and two brothers -Sisters: Ellen, Victoria, Dorothy, and Mary Margaret -Brothers: Richard and Herbert -Both of his brothers served in the Army during World War II -Went to Catholic Central High School -Graduated in 1940 -Worked at a gas station in Grand Rapids -Worked at Kendall Furniture -After working at Kendall Furniture went to work at Hayes Manufacturing -Making parts for cars and planes (00:04:50) Enlisting in the Marines -Enlisted in the Marine Corps in 1942 -During high school went to Civilian Military Training Camp (CMTC) -Went for two, thirty day sessions, in two summers at Fort Custer, Michigan -Enlisted in the Marines on January 8, 1942 -Was sworn into the Marines on January 20 in San Diego, California -Chose the Marines because he thought the Marines would be the first to see combat -Wanted to be the first to fight (00:06:51) Basic Training -Took a train to San Diego with other Marine recruits -Sent to the San Diego Marine Corps Recruit Depot -Started training immediately after getting sworn in -Training was tough -Drill instructors were efficient and did everything with a purpose -Lasted forty five days, plus an extra fifteen days for M1 Garand rifle training -First company to receive the new rifle -Sent to Camp San Luis Obispo, California for their rifle training -Army was the first to have the new rifles, so they trained the Marines -The drill instructors were strict and did everything by the book -Carried a "swagger stick" (short cane) and would tap recruits on the head to get into line (00:11:07) Stateside Duty-Northwest United States -Went to naval ammunition depot at Bremerton, Washington -Saw the USS Saratoga aircraft carrier come into port -Large part of the ship was damaged by a torpedo �-After that get sent to the naval ammunition depot at Indian Island, Washington -Septn a week at Bremerton doing guard duty -At Indian Island he was pulling guard duty -Stationed there for ten months (00:12:44) Joining the 3rd Marine Division Pt. 1 -Sent to Camp Pendleton, California to join the 3rd Marine Division -Assigned to B Company of the 21st Marine Regiment as a machine gunner -Later got transferred to a mortar crew -Operated the .30 caliber air cooled machine gun -Used 60mm mortars -Stayed at Camp Pendleton for two months -Camp Pendleton was still relatively new at the time -Had been bought off a family by the Marine Corps -He was at the Las Flores sub-camp -Assigned to an infantry unit -There were about two hundred men in his company (approximately 210 men) -They were a reinforced company -A regular company was about one hundred sixty men (00:18:56) Deployment -From California sailed to New Zealand to stop the Japanese advance in the South Pacific -Aiding New Zealand troops that were still there -Stationed at Kaipara Flats -Doing more training -Stationed there for three months -New Zealand troops returned from North Africa and the Marines left -Sent to Guadalcanal -Island wasn't totally secured yet -There was still sporadic artillery and bombings from the Japanese -They were training and staging for the invasion of Bougainville (00:21:01) Joining the 3rd Marine Division Pt. 2 -He was a new addition to B Company -Most, if not all, of the other Marines had gone through basic training together -Got along well with his fellow Marines (00:21:56) Invasion of Bougainville-November 1943 -Sailed to Bougainville on a converted World War One destroyer -Two day voyage -Took pat in the first wave of the invasion -No opposition when they hit the beaches, but it got worse as they moved inland -Once ashore, they established a perimeter about one and a half miles inland -Marched through jungles and mud -Came to a highway that the Seabees had built using crushed coral -It was a swampy island with thick jungles -If you dug down about a half foot you hit water -There was mild opposition on the island -Mostly pockets of resistance established by the Japanese -He was still a machine gunner at the time and closer to the rear �-Secured the island enough to build an airstrip for bombers -Seabees built the airstrip inside a perimeter that was three (or four) miles in diameter -Marines protected the Seabees while they built the airstrip -He was on the island for forty five days (00:27:19) Return to Guadalcanal -From Bougainville he was sent back to Guadalcanal -Sent back ahead of his unit because he contracted malaria -Sick for three weeks -Had a fever of 105.6°F -Should have been dead from a temperature that high -He was in a tent hospital being cared for by Navy medical personnel -Malaria was a common problem -Got released from the hospital and rejoined B Company on Guadalcanal -On Guadalcanal for four months to repair and resupply (00:31:08) Invasion of Guam-July 1944 -Sailed to Guam on the USS President Adams -Loaded onto Higgins boats for the invasion -Met opposition immediately -First it was Japanese artillery, and then Japanese machine gun pillboxes -Had to knock out the pillboxes to secure the beachhead -Didn't suffer severe casualties -Lost about a dozen men in his company -Kept moving inland -Would set up camp for the night, then keep moving the next day -Reached the top of a ridge which was their final objective -Only had fifty nine men left in the company when they reached the ridge -Took ten days to reach the ridge -Got hit by a banzai charge the night after they reached the ridge -300 (or 400) Japanese soldiers versus 59 Marines -Only fourteen Japanese soldiers broke through -There were only nineteen Marines left after the charge -One Marine was killed by a sniper the next day -Reduced their number to eighteen men -Moved on from the ridge -Remnants of B Company were split up and sent to A Company and C Company -He was sent to C Company temporarily -Walking wounded recovered, and men infected with malaria recovered -Reinforcements were also received and B Company was rebuilt -A lot of men had been wounded by the Japanese "knee mortars" -Knee mortar: Type 89 Grenade Discharger -He was still a machine gunner when the banzai charge happened -There was some hand-hand fighting with bayonets fixed during the banzai charge -After B Company was rebuilt they continued to sweep the island -The 21st Marine Regiment went straight across the island -Japanese regrouped and formed pockets of resistance �-The natives on Guam would tell the Marines where to find the Japanese -Patrols were sent out to neutralize the Japanese -Most of the time they had to be wiped out due to refusing to surrender -He was on Guam for thirty (or forty) days -Fought the entire time that he was on Guam -Japanese would put on Marine uniforms to try and blend in and escape (00:39:49) Invasion of Iwo Jima-February 1945 -Began practicing for the invasion of Iwo Jima while on Guam -Boarded a troop transport, USS President Jackson -Sailed through a typhoon on their way to Iwo Jima -Went in on the second day of the invasion -Supposed to go in on the first day, but the beachheads were too crowded -Still facing opposition on the second day -Went in on an "Alligator" (Landing Vehicle Tracked) -Pushed up to Aiport #1 then turned and pushed toward the center of the island -Mount Suribachi was to their left -They were taking fire from the mountain and from their front -Once Mount Suribachi was secured their job got easier -Pushed on to Airport #2 -Got caught in a mortar barrage and he was knocked out by a concussion -Taken to a ship to recover and was then sent back to Iwo Jima -Rejoined his unit and it was filled with replacements that had never seen combat -He was now leading a platoon even though he was only a private first class -Company commander's name was Donald Beck -Spent forty days on Iwo Jima (00:48:21) Getting Wounded and Recovering -Made the final push to the end of the island -Got shot in the legs by a sniper while he was carrying a wounded Marine on a stretcher -Sniper was only about thirty feet away and was almost immediately killed -He was placed on a jeep and was taken back to an evacuation center -Placed on a plane and was airlifted to Guam -On Guam he was placed in a Quonset hut hospital run by Navy medical personnel -Spent a couple weeks on Guam -He boarded a Liberty Ship and sailed to Pearl Harbor -The hospitals were full in Pearl Harbor -Sailed on to the United States -Remembers passing under the Golden Gate Bridge and pulling into San Francisco -Sent to a military hospital in California -Stayed there for two months -Sent to Chicago and got his first leave that he'd had since he joined the Marines -Took a bus to Grand Rapids to visit his family then took a bus back to Chicago -He was in a hospital at Great Lakes Naval Station -Technically there for three months, but was really only there for one month -Spent the other two months visiting his family -Met some men that had fought alongside his brother in New Guinea and the �Philippines -Served in the 126th Infantry Regiment of the 32nd Infantry Division -A Michigan National Guard unit from Grand Rapids (01:00:02) End of Service -He was sent to Philadelphia Naval Shipyard for reassignment -Sent to Naval Ammunition Depot, Crane near Burns City, Indiana -Spent three months there doing guard duty -After that he returned to Chicago to be discharged on January 20, 1946 -Exactly four years of service in the Marines (01:01:54) Stop at Eniwetok -En route to Guam they stopped at Eniwetok -Allowed to have one bottle of beer -They had plans to raid the beer warehouse, but were sent back to the ship (01:03:16) Medals -Received the Purple Heart for the wounds that he suffered on Iwo Jima -Received the Presidential Unit Citation -Awarded to the whole unit (01:03:49) Contact with Home -Used V-Mail to write letters home to his family -V-Mail mail system that used microfilm to make letters easier to transport -Received mail and packages from home every three, or four, weeks -When they got food it was usually stale, or crushed -Ate it anyway (01:05:14) Living Conditions and Downtime -The food was terrible -Powdered foods and powdered drinks -Ate a lot of Spam -Subsisted on K Rations and C Rations while they were in combat -C Rations came in a can -K Rations were slightly better and came in a box -Had all the supplies and all the ammunition they needed -Whenever they were running low on ammunition they were promptly resupplied -Had no trouble getting supplies -Unless they were on the frontline, then it was more difficult -Just had to deal with the stress and make sure to stay alert to stay alive -Carried a Rosary into combat -Went to Mass whenever possible -Had one Marine that was a Bible student and would hold informal services in his tent -On Guadalcanal he got to see the Bob Hope Show -The troops loved him -He insisted that officers sat with enlisted men and didn't take all of the good seats -There was an outdoor movie "theatre" on Guadalcanal -Sat on logs to watch the movie -Once Guam was secured they had a similar theatre -Not allowed to have a camera -If you were caught with a camera it was confiscated and destroyed �(01:14:29) Fellow Marines Pt. 1 -Only knew one Marine that he didn't like -He was uncooperative and wound up getting dishonorably discharged -All of the officers that he knew were good except for one -He was too official and thought too highly of himself (01:16:14) Life after the War Pt. 1 -Upon getting discharged he returned to Grand Rapids -Went back to work at Hayes Manufacturing and did that for a couple months -Got into surveying and worked for the city of Grand Rapids -Took night classes at Grand Rapids Junior College (now Grand Rapids Community College) -Did that thanks to the GI Bill -Retired as a city surveyor -Worked for the city for thirty five years, retiring in 1982 (01:19:56) Fellow Marines Pt. 2 -Kept in touch with one close friend from Grand Rapids, Dick Schmidt -In the Marines he hung out with a group of five, or six, Marines that became close friends (01:20:30) Veterans' Organizations -Joined the 3rd Marine Division Association -Went to ten reunions and was able to reconnect with some of the men that he served with -Joined American Legion Post 258 ("Furniture City Post") in Grand Rapids -Has been a member of the Disabled American Veterans since he was discharged (01:21:59) Reflections on Service -Feels that the Marine Corps was the best -Admired and respected the Seabees because of how much work they did for the Marines -Feels that the war didn't affect him that much -Most of his values were taught and instilled in him by his father -Son wound up serving in the Marines during the 1960s -Was first chair trumpet for the Marine Corps Band at 29 Palms, California (01:24:45) Life after the War Pt. 2 -Got married to Eileen three (or four) years after the war -The mother of his three children -Married for eighteen years -Got married to Marlene -Married for six years until she died of cancer -Stepfather to her four children -Married to Gladys for forty years until her death in September 2014 -Denny is his oldest (biological) child -Worked as a supervisor in a window factory in Florida -Graduated from Western Michigan University -Roseanne is his second (biological) child -Had three children -Becky is his third (biological) child -Had two children �-He has lived at the American Home for Senior Living for two years -His friend from the Marines, Dick Schmidt, is still alive as of 2015 (01:30:15) Photographs -Photograph of Gerard at Indian Island, Washington in 1942 -Photograph of Gerard in Marine dress blues -Photograph of Gerard's brother Herbert in his Army uniform -Photograph of Gerard's brother Richard in his Army uniform -Served in New Guinea and the Philippines -Awarded the Bronze Star for valor -Photograph of Dick Schmidt (right) and Gerard (left) on Guam -Photograph, post-war, of Dick Schmidt (left), and Gerard (right) -Photograph taken on Bougainville in 1943 -Marines carrying supplies and ammunition on the Numa Numa Trail -Photograph off Gerard in full combat gear carrying water -Was later published in the Grand Rapids Press -Taken while he was in Guam -Grand Rapids Press article featuring the aforementioned photograph -Photograph taken of veterans that fought on Iwo Jima in Jacksonville, Florida -3rd Marine Division Association reunion during a football playoff -Gerard is second from the left in the photograph -Photograph taken in February 2005 of Gerard with fmr. President Clinton and Michael Douglas -Photograph taken in Florida at a 3rd Marine Division Association reunion in July 1985 -Gerard is on the left -Man in the middle is one of his commanding officers -Man on the right is the man that Gerard was carrying when he got wounded � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_PlatteG1726V Title A name given to the resource Platte, Gerard James (Interview outline and video), 2015 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-01-13 Description An account of the resource Gerard Platte was born on December 30, 1921 in Grand Rapids, Michigan. With the United States dragged into the Second World War he enlisted in the Marine Corps on January 8, 1942 and was officially sworn in on January 20, 1942 at San Diego. He received basic training in San Diego along with rifle training at Camp San Luis Obispo. He was stationed at Naval Ammunition Depot Bremerton, Washington and Naval Ammunition Depot Indian Island, Washington before being sent to join B Company in the 21st Marine Regiment of the 3rd Marine Division at Camp Pendleton, California. He was stationed on New Zealand and Guadalcanal before taking part in the invasion of Bougainville (first wave), then Guam (first wave), and finally Iwo Jima where he was wounded while carrying a wounded fellow Marine. He was eventually evacuated back to the United States where he recovered in California and Chicago before being discharged from the Marines on January 20, 1946. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Platte, Gerard James Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Erichsen, Wallace (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Marine Corps Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Moving Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0c468f9b667354f6402b9492f34fe694.pdf bd153ae176d58eb0a371bdc25a5534df PDF Text Text �- !Brothers· Meet ,After 5 Years Philippines -->l'-11.;i l'\'fS 1-in I Best Christmas gift of all for Sergeant Richard Platte, 28, and \ his brother, Private First C13.ss Herbert, 24, was their meeting Dec. 18 somewhere in the Philippines, first time they had seen each other for five years. A letter from the men to their (;;'-~ parents, Mr. and fit Mrs. Richard · Platte, 153 Val- ley ave., NW., \ was partly writ- ·= ten by each one an d described their three-day visit which 0 CE A.'N • ·"'½~<?ii V CAlAMIANk . GROUP . spent mo talking checking up family news. HERBERT Herbert, 24 1 enlisted in the army five years ago and Spent three years in Panama, but was at home on furlough last spring on Mother's day, so he had fairly recent news of the family to give to Richard. Richard, 28, was one of the first selectees to enter service, was assigned to the 32nd div is i o n and has been overseas w i th the 126th Infantry for 37 months. After Herbert's furlough last spring, he was sent to New Guinea and the parents hoped the men might meet there. But RICHARD ' in the meantiine Richard had gone on to the Dutch East Indies. A few weeks ago separate letters from the brothers revealed that both were in the Philippines. Mrs. Platte wrote back in haste to tell them the news and the result was, as both described it, "The happiest day of our lives!" ,. •..q 0 "\ i;,. • r.,,.., .0 ti/YO /JO.NOS ,.,,.,.,~.,_,.,;,.,,__.,,ffl MacArthur Returns to Luzon The showdown battle for the Phlllpplnes opened Tuesday when huge American forces invaded Luzon, main island of the archipel~go on which 11 Manila, the capital. Gen. Douglas ··MacArthlir, making good his promise: "I will return/' led his troops ashore on the Lln&"ayen gulf beachet11, 100 I-". 'r..,.- miles north of Manila. Arrow • hows recent feint Invasion move from Mindoro, invaded earlle.r, to the island of Marinduque. Inset is the Manila bay area, MacArthur's ultimate objective Where Ba,,. taan and Corregidor will be avenged. Ph~lippine Chief ,,10 ·""' Hails Invasion Leyte, Philippines--{IP)--P_r~sident f Sergio Osmena of the Ph1hppmes I Thursday had · proclaimed. the I American landing on Luzon island t 1the answer to our prayers." : "Gen. MacArthur has called upon j us to rally behind him and I. k,n?w every patriot, guerrilla and c1V1han 1 will heed the call so the enemy 1 may feel the strength of our o~t- \ I• raged people/' the proclamation said. Highlights of the war in the Philippines: Manila first bombed by the , Japanese Dec. 8, 1941. Japanese land in Philippinef! Dec. 101 1941. Japanese ta.ke Manila Jan. ' 1942. Gen. Douglas MacArtht dered out of Philippines, a in Australia Mar. 17, 1942, ing "I will return." 1:fataan surrendered April 9, 1942. Corregidor falls May 6, 1942. + + + Japanese navy sustains heavy losses, June 18 -19, 1944, in first battle of Philippine sea, fought between air and surface forces at the time of the American invasion of the Marianas. MacArthur's comnlu-nique of July 24, 1944 makes first men• tion of Philippines, report! raids on enemy ahipping Mindanao, First raids on the pines, staged from sout, ,., Pacific Aug. 6-8, 1944, since th'e April 15, 1942 attack from Co»o regidor on Clark field, First/ heavy bomber strike against Philippines, Sept. 3, 1944. First American carrier aircraft I attack on archipelago made y1ce Admiral William F. Halsey~ task force Sept. 8 1944. Other carrier attac quickly followed~ First carri:~in;-- ,m:,r, a Manila Sept. 21, 1944. On Sept. 24, 1944, Admlra Chester W, Nimitz said car.rte operations had forced "the en emy to .withdraw his nav forces from their former a chorage in the PhUippines an~ to seek new refuges in t' same general area." American amphibious forp land Oct. 20, 1944 on Leyt island, in first ie-l11vaslon o the archipelago, + + + Japanese navy meets its ond great disaster in Philipp· waters Oct. 21-26, 1944, lost many warships in costly a tempt to interfere with the in vasion of Leyte. Americans land on Mindoro island, Dec. ''115, 1944, just sout o! Luzon, virtually without OJI position. Tokyo radio, on Dec. 17, 19 broadcut warning that t> ;!~;o; ~~r~i~to:;~:~~:,:sj 0 itary situation.'' Marinduque island, just of Mindoro and south of I by Americans Mindoro on Jan. 6. invaded \. �FOUR CENTS - ON NEWS STA.NDI AND STREET ew Luzon Invasion Blocks Japanese Retreat to Bataan -- I Yanks Sever Escape Road Advance From Beaches North of ·Suhic Bay Gen. MacArthur's Headquarters, Luzon - {JP)_ - Land~ng unopposed from 150 ships 60 miles northwest of Manila, strong United States 8th army forces Wednesday had blasted any hopes the Japanese might have held of a large-scale with• drawal to Bataan. The 8th army is driving swiftly east toward a juncture with the 6th. army. Such a junction would seal off historic Bataan. Already the inland push has put the 8th astride the Japs' only escape highway to Bataan. The second invasion of Luzon, timed with a 6th army push now within 30 miles of Manila, was disclosed Tuesday night by Gen. J?ougl?.~ MacArthur. The 38th divis1on and a combat team of the 24th were put ashore Monday on Zambales province in the 10 miles between the Santo Tomas river r:;:~~~ :n!a:a~la!:t~~i~hi;~ ' Bataan Retreat Blocked. - Japanese soldiers in mountains north of Bataan, including forces trying to prevent the Americans from using Clark field and Fort Stotsenburg, cannot withdraw into Bataan. Neither can Japanese in the central Luzon plains. Japanese in the Manila area are separated by waters of Manila bay from Bataan and the bay is patrolled by American planes which pou11.ded Corregidor and Cavite naval base with 509 tons of explosives Monday. In the mountains of eastern and northern Luzon there still is a sizable enemy force, If Lt; Gen. ITomoyuki Yamashita, or who.ever commands the Japanese on Luzon, phns a last stand of dr~matic proportions comparable with Bataan Ithree years .ago, northeastern Luzon may provide the stage. Mum on Inland Push. 1th0 CUT OFF JAP ESCAPII TO BATAAN-Invading Luzon Island between San Narciso and San Antonio, both of which were captured, the American 8th army Wednesday had smashed any Japanese hopes of retreating into Bataan for a "death stand." The 8th army spearhead, driving east for a junction with the 6th army, which is advancing south of San Fernando on the road to Manila, cut across the only road into Bataan from the north. The invaders also threatened early I seizure of Olongapo naval base in Subic bay, south of the invasion 1 • scene, by stabbing Inland to seize several towns, including San Felipe, ! San Marcelino and Casetillejos. ut All reports from Lu~on Wednes-day focused the spotlight on the Menace. Olongapo Base. 1sth army operation. In the 6th The Yanks of Lt. Gen. Robert L. \ army's sector no official word was Eichelberger posed an immediate given concerning progress of armenace to prized Olongapo naval imored columns last .. eported ap .. b~se i? Subic bay by racing 11 preaching Calumpit, . be1ow . ~an miles mland the first day to oc- \ Fernando. Calumpit 1s 25 a1rlme cupy such towns as San Felipe, San miles from Manila. Narciso, San Antonio, San MareeAround Fort Stotsenburg Yank lino and Caetillejos and seizing an I troops cleaned out enemy pocket.I airfield-the twenty-third airbast Iin the hills. won on Luzon. Well to the northeast in PangaThe drive toward Olongapo fs sinan province 1st corps troops led by Maj. Gen. Charles R. Hall's which captured Rosario inflicted 11th army corps. He is moving heavy losses on the Japanese in against a base which he reported mopping. up operations. · Those in a survey 12 years ago would be Yanks are less than 15 miles from easy to defend. The road there Baguio. from the beachhead is hemmed in Near the eastern end of the provbetween abrupt hills. The road Ince 25th division troops which won east fro~ Olong~po skirts a swa~p the highway town of San Quintin and a river, with a rugged hill advanced seven Il)iles southwest. across the river. ' -- -Suggesting, however, that the area is wide open to American conquest, native Filipinos said nc> enemy forces had been stationed in the new invasion area since 1942, Convoy Is Unscratched. The invasion convoy v.1as not at .. tacked by a single ~emy plane, 11 1 ~o}t~ t!~~e by the 800-ship convoy which was raided continuously en route to the 1 Lingayen gulf landings of the 6th army on Jan. 9. The Monday maneuver gives the Americans control of both ends of a 60-mile road, the onl,Y one leading into Bataan. The 8th now holds more than 10 miles of the west end. The 40th and 37th divisions of th9 6th army on the east end have pushed an unspecified distance southwest from fallen San Fernando while other columns rolled south ot that Pampanga province capital along the main highway to Manila. It now is too late for the Japanese command to attempt what Gen. MacArthur s\lcceeded in doing in . DecemberJ 1941-pull baclt dispersed and outnumbered fore~ in a converging withdrawal int<..) rugged Bataan where the Ameri• cans held out for four months. f~i~~~:~ru; fr~~ t~~~ �Mail- from- The- four Corners of The World , -re<' ir -• J , ~ Sgt. Dick Platte .1i West Michigan's 12.6 th Left Three Years Ago. I~~,. (Identification of the 1:Wth infantry as part of the 32nd division and locating It in action In l'l"ew Guinea has, until now, been suppressed military Information. Thf> Herald ont&ined from Washington this week, however, permisison to so identify and locate -the regiment.-Ed.) .,_ \o -~ s ,'r...., ) By E. W. MURPHY The 126th regiment of the Michigan National Guard, Grand Rapids' own regiment, left for federal service just three years ago this week. , An epoch-making three years it has been for the 1,300 officers and enlisted men frorµ throughout western Michigan who marched away in October, 1940. A long and lonesome I! three years it has been for the families they left behind. They were "rookies" then-business and professional men, factory workers and farmers, fresh from .offices, shops, the land-and few expected to be gone more tha.n a year. All shared the hope, tlien pr,,v'alent, that war would stay away from our shores. Now veterans of the war's bitterest fighting and heroes proved by victory, they are 12,000 miles away and entertain less hope of an early return than on the day they boarded their troop trains for Louisiana. This picture was taken three y ears ago this week, when membe:rs of the 126th infantry regiment., Mlchlgan national guard, left Grand Rapids for active service. It wa6it only for a training period, then, but western Michigan men in the regiment wrote history on New Guinea. PRIDE OF NATION In the intervening years, they have risen to the heights in patriotic service and valor. Their achievements are the pride of the nation and mark a milestone in the history of the war. 'they helped stem the Jap onslaught against Australia and saved the day for the United Nations in the Far East. Theirs was a heart-breaking price in d~ad and wounded, sick and disabled, but they made the Japs pay a much higher price. The Japs are believed to have lost at least 15,000 dead alone in the defense of Euna and Gona. Western Michigan troops at one stage of the campaign helped drive who!~ comp.anies ofl) . . •.•. ••• . ..... • ........ ~.....•~ • - ·· -·· -~·· . •. .. _ .,~.,....,.1 1 Japs terror-stricken mto the ocean so that their bodies littered the shore for miles. , In this photograph, taken in New Guinea during the Buna-Gona campaign, Gen. Robert L. Eichelberger Js shown congratulating members of the 126th infantry on their successful drive against the Japa. Both Eichelberger, who commanded the S2nd division, and the division we.re cited for bravery and devotion to duty. - - --- -r .,..,...--,---- ' - When three years ago, the 126th ) regiment departed for Camp Beau- • regard, La., they could scarcely 1 imagine the • ufteringa, privations. !I and sacrifices they would endure 1 in the days to come. Soldiers, who 1 once might have complained of 1 walking a few city blocks, were , obliged to climb towering peaks 10,000 fest high, pierce den~e jungle, cross .swamps and, all but exhausted after days or torturing 1' travel go into battle with hardly any rest. West Michigan troops learned to survive in a climate where rain seldom ceases, where clothes rot from mildew, where the alight.est cut will abscess and open wounds refuse to heal, a 'green hell' where strange diseases_, fevers and infections baffle medicine. . . The 126th fought and conquered Ii an enemy of incomparable ferocity. Visions of death and sacrifice in little known lands were far from the thoughts of Grand Rapids guardsmen when, on Oct. 15, 1940, they were sworn into the federal service and told they would immediately proceed to Louisiana. It was the climax of the campaign in which President Roosevelt prom-• · I ised not to send American troops to fl.ght on foreign soil except in case of attack. PASS IN REVIEW The first advance party o! the }!!!: ~:1~~~::, ~~st. s:~e~~~d t~~ j: city gave the troops a rousing farewell on Friday of the same week. Thousands lined Monroe ave. to 11 watch some 600 troops representing the Grand Rapids contingent of , the 126th regi~en~ pass in review. 11 Thanks1,:wing Day, 1943. Dear John: 1 nave just finished reading "The Alert" while ]ying on my bunk and really feel ashamed for not having wrHten sooner, because "reading this paper certainly brings. back oJd memories. The place does not sound like the old place I used to work at, but from the sound of things you are really doing a swe]l job for us boys over here. Keep it up, we certainly appreciate an that you are doing, and the more bonds you buy the sooner we men will return and start the wheels of peace-time.:,jfdustry and again turn out peacetime necessities. It certainly has been a long time since being in good old Grand Rapide, twenty-five months to be exact, and I am a bit lonesome for the old place. I was transferred out of my old unit a few months J ago, but hope to return and get I back in the fight. I still have a few scores to set Uc yet and bdng II my hunting season's score a bit higher. I am feeling my old self , once again and regained the thirty pounds I lost when in combat. Had a very nice Thanksgiving day, much different than the lastI didn't have to eat a can of bully while lying in a trench ; today has really made me thankful for many things. I really appreciate "The Alert," but wou]d like to see a few of the old timers' names in it, so John if you don't care to drop a line, put it in Hhe Alert." Do you see much of Dad? He certainly is proud of his little ! anny and we three (all old Hayes employees) feel the same about him Well, John, I can't say as much as I would like, due to cen• sorship, so win close for now and hope you drop a line soon. As ever, DICK. Sgt. Dick Rlatle-6155618. Co. H, 6th Army Training Center, A.P.O. 9"26, c!O Postmaster, San Francisco, California. �~trange Sights B~come -Vominonpla~e as War Spreads Through Lands of the South Pacific -U. s. Marine Coros photo from A,cme At Guadalcanal, a United States Marine, second from the left, wearing a captured Japanese ·sword and canteen, and three members of the native police force assume their best poses for the camera. I �chigan Men Routed Japs at Buna I- S • 'I- 3 ( i • day• ago, preceded by a 211-pounder barrage. These tlaell •, however, bounded off tht topa of the dug- By GEORGE WELLER ht by T • Detroti !ol'ew• and &be Cb ,o n ly New11 triangle of Buna a thick-rooted tree sfta I he rd the Village and Buna Mission diverge outs. at the thunder of story of the taking of the bloody left and right, or west and east. One gallant attack was under the re and t_he ke mng song triangle from the men who accom- The word road ts used here in the leadership of Capt. James Workwhammmg !nto the reHis ht'ad lowered e 1n ntrymen n front and dh 11 oot poc:markcd triangle to the advanced post where Jay, d r ftre, three of the men respontbl for this achievement. A few yarde ahead was a. cont mighty threshing noise of nd lated f o Ila g e as crawling my guru ers powided the snipendlessly with .45 .slugs. r lay the foot of a tree whne one aniper had just been shot ~. was flr t, lying concealed from p gunners by some bushy foliage, n, after the ftre srew more peri tent, with other American 10!• lera In the motherly protection of Jal · ;~r e/o~sp:~~!:! ::i~ phshed this coatly task, Papuan sense, meaning a partly man, a tall, gaunt Southerner, After BRA\' JAP FIB.IC dry narrow lane lifted above the the failure of this attack 1 the com. surrounding moraas, big enough manding general said be would 1 lblS outpo t upon a for a bicycle but not for jeep. give high honors any group of field do . ln_ated by Jap lire by a NEW JUNGLE PATH men who would penetrate to the long, tw sUng course around an- To take Buna Village two weeks pillboxes. other field, carr mg on my back . Last Thursday (Dec. 24 l another the knapsack of a runner who had 11.go the Americans hewed a new attack got under way, led by Lieut. been sent for "nter, This runner, jungle pa.th around the left 11ide of William Flanagan, of Meriden, Nelo Krueger, of New Buffalo, !the left-hand road, They desired to Miss. This attack also, although .Mich., carr1 d filled flasks strung go straight through simultR.neously pressed home with the greatest by their chains upon a stick while on both roH.ds but on the &ight were courage, was unable to penetrate Delbert A hbrook. of flort Worth, prevented by a Jap pillbox of heavy Jap fire. When the American gen• Tex., and Chuck Robert, of Milan, palmetto logs filled in w;,th earth era.I reitr.rAted thAt this fork was Mich., covcrPd us with tommy guns lying squRrely athwRrt the trail. the key to Buna Mission and must as we ran dR. hed to the company Deep quagmire flanked bnth sides. be ('Onquered, his own aid volun• that had broken the triangle. F('lr nearly a fortnight the Amer• 4 The triangle is that scarred icans launched every conceivable (Concluded on Page ) swamp of pandanua and betel nut type of infantry att&ck aaaln • t the tree• and thlr.k gras• that lie• In rigbt-hand fork to Buna. MtS1ion. the fork where the roads to Buna Our flrBt heavy attack came 10 reached a How Michigan Men Routed Japs at Buna Michigan Heroes Take Time Out (Concluded from P•I'• One) teered, but the losses obliged him both of Manitowoc; Robert Bre.w• to withdraw llkewise. ster, ot Monttc~llo, Ark.; Alo.ystus Nowak of Milwaukee: Wilbert Yet anothe:- assault upon thes~ Romba~h. <>~ Youngstown; David pillboxes, then numbered ~t three, Hamm, of Detroit; Corp. Howard was made by a group of l~fantry• Reed, of Grand Rapid~; Leroy m~n .le~ b~ Lieut. Paul Whitaker, a Beaup_fl!, of Two ·Rivers, Wis.; M1ss1sslpp1an. Sergt, Charles Folletti of La~sing, to FEET FROM PfLLBOX Micb., and RAieigh Powell, believed When all these efforts to circum- to 7be of Youllgst0wn· vent the pillboxes bad failed, Sergt. ADVANCE ON PILLBOXES Harald Huyck, of Adrian, -Mich., ~be group was broken up into led another assault straight down three parties with Wagner, Gr~\ the ditches tlanklng the foot-wide and Logodon In the lead. They pat'h. This party managed to make crept from a})ellhole to 1bellbole 40 feet from the pillbox ~efore the and tlnally got within 15 feet. Each Japs opened fire. Walter E. Miller, carried a barigalore torpedo. They of Hillsdale, Mich.; Corp. Frank L. made the l11Bl ruah, threw the tor· Hoyt, of Norristown, Pa., and pedoea inside and ran. The pill• Bernard R. Snyder followed Huyck, box blew up. No tire developed but were unable to get closer to from the others. Then the whole the foremost pillobx. (These three party ru1hed the pillboxes, one by men also described their attack to one, getting more cautious a11 they the writer after emerging from the approached the far end wht>re swamp with faces blackened with American ftre might be met. mud and bemired to the hip.s). Sergt. Follett volunteered for ,he The block to the Americans' last dangeroua task of advancing progress toward Buna Mission toward the American posts-the forced them to undertake a clrcui- J a p I have frequently donr~ed tous western attack through Buna American uniforms for deceptive v·ll ge purpoaes, be It noted-and told 1 T~e i.hankless task fell to Capt. them the trian1Ie'1 defenders had James L Altord, of McComb, Miss. fled. . It · 'th Alford that I talked Doubling back through the hne was WI of blackened p1llboxes, the writer beneath the tree today. had time between spurt.A caused by ATIACK DESCRIBED a sniper on the east to see the "First we decided we must 10 blackened shafts of a litter. In ' one pillbox a medical unit, includaround the Japs thr~ugh th e swamp ing Victor Esposito, ot ~icago, and see how the p11lboxe• looked was taking shelter temporarily. Atj from the rear/' 41\.lford said. the other end, in the bloodie1t ?ill· · hi box of all, lay chterfully Lieut. Alford began by estabhs nc a Thomas Wri1ching, of Wicken• small sniper-free area in the jungle burgh, Ariz., along with Harold bordering upon the creek and coco- Schloeser, of Pine City, Minn. nut grove at the Jap rear. I walked out with Henry Gibbon, ''We began by killing three snip· of Holland, Mich.. and Samuel M. 1 era. Our best shot, Andrew Siem~ !~<;°.!sie~f !!:!;~r~ '-;;f t~~ a~~~~~ bieder, of Youngstown, O., got two, which had been in the field iu•t 1 he oa1d. h If .. beyon Alford"• command pool, "And you got t ree yourse ' under ftrf: Jn the sun. prompted Sergt ... Harold K_och, of '"Feel tllkt," 1ald Gibbon, proferManitowoc, Wis. ring his lf'elmet. It was like fire. Having cleaned out the .snipers, And th~n began, over this foughtAlford's company then e•labllsh~d for gro1111d, a long walk to the \ a tree-top lookout, Jap style. Their peep-he,i,d. first important disco".er~ from this lnew vantage ~~ Ja.o lines.,. . .. .....,not I I ! ~t~h .. t ce but with 14 r;o~T:~rd's next attempt wa• tff otart a. bushfire hoplnfh~o p~U~x:s. the fohage cover on ful but The fire was partly success ' d a backfire by the Japs put an enw it However, Alford was no \1e ·to call for mortar fire. Even fhough the palmetto logs t:re; them off the projectiles ma e ssible to harry the Japs in their l But their tire continued. o,;:~ turning point came today. i Without telling Alford the r plans, Supply Sergt. Charle• GWag• and Runner James reen, ~~~h ot Manitowoc, started tor the h pi~;;~~r is a hairy. fellow wh~ wears torodor-Hke s 1 deb urns, Green ta sallow and small. Wag• ner had a revolver; Green. beintg I~ un-ner bad no weapon. -The~ o. d • th('Y intended to viiut hts Id orcommand pnst which, before ~he tree-top ouJ.look was estab· 1' bed had been a 11maU gulch in t~e ,;.iddle of a field under Jap fire. AW NO FIRE Instead of going to the old. co~mand post the duo made a aeries daring, circuitous appro~ches ard the first pillbox. Finally heY.: got within ~5 feet of one Get Patched Up for Next Go With Japs to Japs Cleared From Buna NEW GUINEA 1-..lL.=...!t:.'. SOMEWHERE IN NEW \GUINEA, Dec. 3.-CDelayed)--{IP)"I would a thousand times ratl1er , go back up. there than go through I this ," said Corp. Boyd Lightfoot, of Sault Sainte Marie, Mich., as he \ rested today in an American field hospital. Lightfoot ·had been through four different attackl; on Japanese po• sitions when he was stricken near Buna with what he thought was an old - fashioned stomachache, but which the doctors tabbed appendi• citis. His chief disappointment is that the time needed for the operation will cost him a chance for more good shooting. He's a1re.~dy wear,: ing one_ set of Japanese dog tags around his neck, taken from a sniper he nailed. Pvt. Wenzel Thompson, of De• troit, was sporting a shiner which his comrades joked about. Thompson's outfit was charging a Jap• anese machine-gun pof>ition when a bit of shrapnel cut his forehead slightly, and the bl.ick eye was the main result. Pvt. Herman Wilbert, a Grand Rapids, Mich., mortar gunner who ,was injured when a Japanese shell 1landed nearby, hopes to get patched 'up in time, he said. for "the kill at Buna." which he believes is comini soon. (Editor's note: It did.) Pvt. Hubert Mennega, of Byron Center, Mich., ,,·as on patrol when a sniper caught him with a small• caliber bullet. Mennega continued some distance before ht. realized he was wounded. Hi;; main grievance was that hospitalization cost him a flowing beard Vflhich he had wanted to save until it could be phnto• graphed. Nurses who are mJking y,~wly arrived casualties comfortable said a. cold drink of water was the most popular item. They reported all the patients were in excellent condition considenng they had only been treated at field dressing stations. Even men with fractures arrived with their arms and leg1" in casts as good as a city hospital could pro• vlde, they said. All these men, like others who have come out of the swampland battle, were in high spirits. heavy- 1 ed 1 ho.v to make the teat. They arose aufflcient arms. Finally, ~ckecler exposed himself slightly getting no action, stood u~. The're was sniper fire but api~ nothing from within. Wagnel s~n d.()wn Green sto~d up. sa ncJthi~g from the -p1llb0Xe8 • • They crawled back-the JOI1~n~~ taking ~h!frurtri~. T~ey, 00 ked pe ·mission to take out a arty This time Charles Lo1adon, f Louisville, Ky., a thin-faced with a small moustac~!• to be in the advance w1tn h The plan was to have a em. arty in the rear, also vol- an't"' ~\re~ ::~d request t:rr volunteers, man asked to go.. ted Harold Evan•, of cover the three lead< my gun. It was dilll· o e part~. ., tected were George\ Clarks Mills, Wio.; Rich· , ot Youngstown, O.; I I. I The black shading indicates the allied drive in New Guinea across the Owen Stanley Mountains that culminated in the elimination of all J ap troops from Buna. One pocket of resistance in the area remains at Sanananda (Jap flag). Farther northwest, allied forces heavily bombed Jap positions at Lae. l - �RUA SURA I. NURAI. Cl 10 MILES 20 _,.,___ Back in February, 1934, the Solomon islands and Guadalcanal broke into print when it was sugg~sted in congress that England give them to the United States as part payment on her World war I debt, In August, 1935, Bishop Thomas Wade, then Catholic apostolic vicar to the Solomons, came back to report that visiting anthropoloa gists were not the least of the hardships encou\nte!':ed by missionaries to the cannibals <;>f the Solomon islands. Except for these notations and an occasional report of .an uprisa ing in which missionaries or white traders were involved, newspaper files on the Solomon islands are for the most part barren until World war II put the s6uth seas back into the layman's geography. On Jan. 22, 1942, Japanese planes raided the SololTlon islands and lirought them up to date, to the amazement of the natives who stared bug-eyed and open-mouthed at four-motor bombers. The Solomons' folder in news libraries has grown steadily since with these high poir~ts in only eight monttis of war: Jan. 24-Japs land in Solomons, New Guinea. New Britain. May 4-American flyers sink Jap warships in Solomons in prelude to the battle of Coral sea. · Aug. 7-United States warships and marines invade Tulagi• Guadalcanal area in surprise night attack. Aug. 8-Marines continue landings, spread to other islands. Aug. 8-9-Jap cruiser and destroyer force driven off in attack on United States troops, supply ships. United States loses three heavy cruisers, Australia . loses one. Aug. 14-Marines consolidated and supplies move in under army and navy air attack on Jap bases. Aug. 17-Navy announces shore positions ••now well established.'' Aug. 19-Marine patrols hunt out Jap remnants in jungles. •~Hn,l• Wide World fe,t • res Aug. 20-Japs land reinforcements at night; hand-to-hand fighting on beaches. Aug. 21-Seven hundred enemy wiped out by lat: afternoon in full-scale battle. Aug. 23-Enemy aircraft attack with heavy losses. Jap destroyers shell United States land positions at night. Aug. 25-Great Japanese armada t urned back by United States air and naval forces short of United States•held islands. Aug. 29-Marines wipe out Jap forces, tightening grip on six Solomon islands. Sept. 3-Small Jap landing parties hunl<!d down in Solomons. Sept. 7-Forty-six Jap planes raid Guadalcanal. Sept. 7-Japs try to reinforce Guadalcanal forces, lose heavlly In troops and small boats. Forty-six Jap planes raid island. Sept. 7-United States destroyer B1ue and a transport sunk while supplying land forces. Sept. 15-Reinforcements help Japs strike hard on Guadalcanal but marines hold. Sept. 29-United Stales dive-bombers blast Jap-held villages on Guadalcanal. Oct. 5-Japs land reinforcements despite United Stat.es air attacks. Oct. 6-7-More Jap reinforcements land, pointing toward battle for Henderson field. Oct. 8-Navy planes damage five Jap ships, destroy eight planes . north of Solomons. Oct. 10-More Jap reinforcements land on Guadalcanal. Oct. 13-United States troops balk Jap landing on Guadalcana.l, sink six Jap warships, damage two others. Oct. 14 to Datc-Jap navy shells United States stations on Guadal• canal, then lands reinforcements. Artillery uhits attack marine outposts. J ap aerial assaults increase and both sides rush reinforcements and relief task forces and step up bombing of enemy supply ah!~ �-NEA Telephoto FEAST FOR A JAP- A Jap prisoner taken in Aleutian ,,·aters gets the best food he ever ate, in the brig of a United States navy ship en route to Dutch Harbor, Alaska. (Official nayy photo.) tted line shows battle line of o weeks ago. Solid white line is y's approximate line. Scale: 6 to½ln. "'m the jungle•covered Bij.taan peninsula and its "little Gibraltar," Corregidor island, American and FIUptno troops under Lieut. Gen. Jonathan M. Wainwright are staglllg an unremitting defense against superior Japanese forces on the mainland and on Luzon bases only a few miles away. Am e r i c an mllltary experts learned from the Filipino insurrection at the turn of the century that Bataan peninsula has few equals as a defensive position. From 12 to 20 miles wide and 30 miles long, the area is choked with jungle growth and its hilly, mountainous terrain-lined with only a few decent roads - defies the extensive o}!leration of motorized equipment. Off the point of the peninsula lies Corregidor, whose natural defenses have been strengthened by art i 11 e r y emplacements, underground galleries and warehouses. The guns are capable of shelling Japanese .. held Cavite, 22 miles away. Manila bay cannot be utilized as a large-scale naval base by the Japanese so long as the United States controls Corregidor, the entrance, and heavy Japanese bomb-ings of recent weeks have indicated acceptance of this fact. American authorities-, h owe v e r, said damage to the fortress has been ne gllgible. 1 ,o-,a- ... ~ Clashing Anew In New Guinea (By Associated Press I Allied mountain troops in N.ew Guinea were reported skirmishing Tuesday with the Japanese in the region of the "Gap" through the Owen ~tanley mountains. A spokcwman for Gen. Douglas MacArthur said allied forward elements had made some progress forward. From the "Gap" t~e mountain trail drops 5,000 feet m 12 miles. No details were given as to the strength of the Japanese, who have been withdrawing steadily from position.s in the Owen Stanley I m1rrnt:~~:~ity was on a reduced scale, but medium bombers an~ attack planes again raked the trail to Buna along which the Japanese must bring up their supplies and reinforcements. Japanese lnstalla• 1 tlon.s at Buna also were bombed. I QUIZZING CAPTIVE IN ALEUTIANSOne of five Japanese prisoners captured in the Aleutians and brought to the United States Is · shown, left, being questioned by navy officers at Dutch Harbor. In the center is LIEUT COl\IDR, PETER HOLM. (Official navy photo.) �JapsW Ind: <IIFMlileli11111:PrWJ Allled mountain troopt. forced the Japanese to Wi a short distance In the Owen Stall• ley mountains of New Guinea and fighting is continuing and increasing in scope, Gen. Douglas Mac] Arthur's headquarters announced Saturday. The allied advance was made In the vicinity of Templetons Crossing as alJied planes machinegunned villages at the mouth of the Mambare river, 40 miles north of Buna on the northeastern New Guinea coast. 8uUetin 10 • 1i·Y~ GENERAL MAC ARTHUR'S ' HEADQUARTERS (Sunday) <lP> - Dates give time of re• capture by Australians AustraJlan troops on the offensive in southeastern New Guinea, backed by allied bombers, have regained most of the mountainous area taken by Jap invaders a month ago. Only a trail through the hllls and Jungle erosses the mountain range at the divide kn own as the Gap, making milltary moves precarious. Here the Japs were pushed back towa ard their main advance base at Kokoda. ZERO HOUR IN THE SOLOMONSThe upper map shows sectloh of Guadalcanal island where American marines, soldiers and sailors are meeting the assault by Jap troops who have forced a landing. Lower map shows scenes of other action in the Solomons. Allied N atlons' units yesterday heavily bombed the Solomon fs... lands, where ;Japanese forces are attacking Amerlcan..held installa- 1 tions, General MacArthur'• headquarters announced today. The dlaclo"'!re that MacA>Jtharls air force was givJng powerful: sup-: port to Americans In the Solomons, by hammering the Japanese bases and ships, was accompanied by the announcement that Allied ground troops had captured Templeton's Crossing high in the Owen Stanley , mountain range of New Guinea. �Bag Japs,,?.~, Guadalcanal; ,BULLETIN Io -:,.J - ',L.._ GEN. MAC ARTHUR"S HEADQUARTERS, Australia (Wednesday) <A»-AIIIP-d bomb.. JAP PRISONERS LINE UP FOR ROLL CALL-Japanese prisoners captured by United States marines on Guadalcanal island line up for roll call. These prisoners are largely naval reservists used by the Japanese for construction work. This picture was radioed from Honolulu to San Francisco, - N EA Telephoto ARE CAPTURED JAPS DOWNHEARTED? NOJapanese prisoners on Guadalcanal island look anything but unhappy as they light up American cigarets, of which they get 10 a day, after being captured in recent fierce fighting there. • ers were believed to ha,'e Ju.. tucted extensive damait:e in an.. othrr blow at the Japanese hase of Buin in the northern Solomons, it was announced today, while Australian troops forced back the Japanese th1·ee miles in the New Guinea land fight b et ween Templeton's Crol'l'.slng and Kokoda. "Continuing to support operations In the Solomons," the communique said of the Buln raid, "Allied mf'dlum units made another night attack on the alrdrome and enemy shipping at tht!II base. Extensive damage is believed to have been inflicted. There was no attempt at Interception. All our planes returned safely." Butn I~ at the southern tip of Bougalnville island some 315 miles northwPst of the U, S. base at Guadalcanal. The setback for thP Japanese at Templeton's Crossing meant a re~umption of their retreat from their unsuccessful land assault across the Owen Stanley mountains directed at Port Moresby. [Aussies 10 Miles:~"' Fro,,:;, Kokodq~ in Guinea Mountains Gen, MacArthur's Headquarters in Australia-<lP>-Allied troops have driven the Japanese from their defense positions near Eora creek in the Owen Stanley mountains of New Guinea and are .continuing to press successful attacks, Gen. Douglas MacArthur announced Thursday. The new advance brought the allied ground troops within 10 miles of Japanese-held Kokoda by trail 1 and only about 6 miles by air • j �MICH., TUESDAY, OCTOBER 20, 1942.- Marines Move Through Jungles on Guadalcanal canal island to get into position to attack the Japanese forces en• trenched along 1\-fa.tanikou river. This picture was sent by radio from Honolulu to San Francisco. ---- =~~----, Push Japs Back IStilf Farther 1.-~~'• ' on New Guinea j. ; GENERAL MACARTHUR'S , HEADQUARTERS, Australia, (Fri, day), UP)-Japanese and Allied bombers exchanged blows, the Japs bombing Po1-t Moresby and the Al• lies Buin while Allied ground forces I were continuing to push the Japa- [~::n ~n~!: 1 bs~:~1!;':~·:n:;~!:~te high command reported today. 1 The AJlied bomber attack on Buinl at the southern tip of Bougainvllle island in the Solomon islands to the of embattled Guadalcanal, 1 north II was made at night on enemy ship-- I ::i~:n: 0 :::i~:rr~t;~~t ai:d t!:/t:1!g~~ I opposition. Such shipping concentrations have ben sought out by the Allies to weaken any ~DPding assault upon American-held· Guadalcanal. Ten tons of bombs were dropped 1 by the planes, all of which located their targets at Buin and later returned safely to their bases. Three Jap bombers made a night raid on Port Moresby. The com.. munique reported that the raid caused neither casualties nor damage. I \ ,. - -i--t~ - NEA Telephoto FIRST JAP PRISONERS REACH AMERICAAn official navy photo of blindfolded, heavily •guarded Japs, captured in a naval engagement in the Aleutians, arriving at Dutch Harbor. Five · of them ha,•e been brought to the United States for questioning and detention. I I 0 �FRIDAY, OCTOBER 23, 1942. Brin~s Home Bacon in Solomons Roast wild pig is not on the daily diet of the marines on Guadalcanal island-in fact it probably is not on their diet at all now that the men arc fighting desperately against invading Japs. But before latest Jap 1msh PVT. M. G. WIGGINS bagged this beauty, s SHOWER ON WHEELS IN NEW GUINEAA nice cool shower is in order on many a hot afternoon in New Guinea and these United States troops stationed at one of the allied nations' airfields know how to get it. A water wagon, used to keep the ever-present dust down on the field, makes the rounds regularly and the boys step under the spray for a quick cooling-off. JapsThrown Off Schedule _,_.;.'?,-'r;i_ Nonstop Raids by U. S. Flyers Delay Attack on Guadalcanal (BY Associ~ted Press.) -Cenlral Press YANKS LAND AT A BOMBED AffiFIBLDAmerican troops fill in bomb craters at an American airfield near Port Moresby, New Guinea. Soldiers are watching a. Flying Fortress circling over the field, which has just been bombed by the Japs, as the pilot awaits the signal to land. 1 Persistent allied air bombardment of a large Japanese war fteet in the southwestern Pacific appeared Friday to have thrown a long-ex• pected Nipponese invasion thrust against Guadalcanal off schedule while giving Americans valuable time to bolster their forces. The enemy warships and trans• ports have been the target for an almost constant rain of allied aerial bombs for the last 10 days. The lat~st attack on the enemy's ship concentration came Thursday night when allied bombers under Gen. Douglas MacArthur's Australian command dumped 10 tons of explosives on Japanese vessels at Buin at the southern tip of Bougainville island. The nocturnal raid drew strong anti-aircraft fire, but aU the planes found their targets, MacArthur's communique reported, and returned safely to their hases. Meantime, the navy disclosen that Japanese troops in the hea~ jun~ gle on northern Guadalc3nal had attempted a minor thn1st at the American positions on Oct. 20. The "feeler" was repulsed. An enemy bomber, believed to have b(;en on a reconnaissance mission over the island, was brougti,t \ down by anti-aircratt fire. I 1 �=.--- Allies Pushing Guinea, Attack , •• :1-'t" ....... (Bv Associated Press.) AUied jungle troops in New Gui)lea were reported Satur~ay to be attacking the Japanese m ~he area south of Alola,. less than nme miles from the advanced enemy b~~::i!~k~:~ier pl~nes harassed enemy positions outside Ko~oda. The Japanese air fo_rce, ~h1~h has been comparatively mact1ve m the New Guinea area since the operations in the Solomons. started. made a light bombing attack on the al~ lied airfield at Milne ~a~ on the southeast tip pf New Guinea, but caused neither dama_ge n~r casualties said a commumque issued by Ge~. Douglas MacArthur. I -Central :Press Phoncphoto -Central Press TOKIO WJLJ; PAY FOR TIDS, TOO, SOME DAY SOON!BR~G, GEN, MA~TIN F. ·mDKE) SCANLON, right, of the, United States army, with two Australian officers, v1e~s !he smoking ruins of an American 1,omber, victim of a direct hit by a ~apanese bomb. This picture, taken somewhere in New Guinea-, was approved by the united na• tions censor there. I Jap Pane Tender at Rabaul SmasHed -NEA Telephoto SUPPLIES REACH E~IBATTLED MARINES IN SOWMONSStripped to the waist, United States marines carry supplies ashore from landing barges in one of the Solomon islands, where they are standing off concerted Jap drives to dislodge them. (Official marine corps photo.) GENERAL MACARTHUR'S HEADQUARTERS, Aust r a Ii a (Sunday) ·(JP)-A lal'ge Jap sea.plane tender was believed destroyed at Rabaul, New Britain, by Allied bombers, the high command announced today. The seaplane tender was one of the targets picked out by a flight of heavy bombers which again struck at the harbor of Rabaul whel'e Jap ships have concentrated, presumably for an impending as. sault on American-held Guadalcanal in the Solomons to the southeast.. An assault the day previously resulted in the sinking or damaging of 10 Japanese ships, including a cruiser and it destroyer. Today',s communique said the second assault, made at night, resulted in a hit amidships with 8. 500-pound bomb of a seaplane tender of the Nisshin Maru class of 17,600 tons. Flames and black smoke envelop'ed the ship which was believed ''to be completely destroyed." The communique also reported the destruction of at least two and probably four Jap bombers in a raid on Lae, vital Jap base on the north coast of New Guinea and a raid by 12 Jap planes on Darwin, 1 northern AustraUan port, which I caused "only slight damage." Allied ground forces, meanwhile, : continued their advance upon Kokoda, Jap-held _base in the Owen Stanley mountains. �J26fft ,,.. 1 in Move from Ausfralia MacArthur, Japs 7 Trade Air Blows \ \ O • l.1-'f-'l... GEN. MAC ARTHUR'S HEAD· QUARTERS, Australia, (Tuesd~y) _,.(lp)-Allied warplanes made wide- 1 spread raids on Japanese bases in!' New Guinea and Dutch Timor yesterday, General MacArthur report1 edA\~~:{~ were made against Koeang the Japanese airdrome on fhe 'southwestern tip of Dutch Tim or and against Lae •and Salaua , both on the northeast coast N;w Guinea, and against Kokoda, on the trail from Euna to Port ::-t M;~:b:~emy meantime raided Dari Australia, and Port Moresby ;n~' Milne Bay in New Guinea, the communique said. l"'t\ U::ontlnued from Page 1) tion of this war, with an Allied \:I vk\tory. he boys are trained razor The 126th infantry, west Mich"This time, we've really com\ rp and are eager to tangle with igan's own, is now on New Guinea a des?late spot and 3:r~ _ItvinW he sneaky Jap. No _doubt by the where the Allied armies have been th~ wilderness. The c1v1han vo~ffl'II, you r ecev? this letter, you labon has been evacuated and there wi)l ha.ve read m the newspapers bat.tling the Japs for weeks and, are no stores left in which to t.u,Ut large Allied successes in this according to latest dispatches, are anythi.1:g. Therefore, t~e only thin~ of the woz·ld, I believe that steadily pu'Shing the enemy back to do 1s to work during the day, amibition of the boys is to lick in the Owen Stanley mountains. \lap off thiJ island, and then This news was received in Grand kick him all around the Pacific Rapids Thursday in a letter to ~ he is exterminated. John English, superintendent of 11:EART OF TROPICS the Grand Rapids armory, from "h first we found the living 1st. Sergt. Jack J. Wester of servondittons very difficult to accusice company, 126th infantry. The liourselves to, but after a few letter, written Oct. 7, does not say s we managed to do all right. how long the troops have been on twisting and turning on the the island north of Australia, for for a couple of d.aye, and ~o~se.ssion of which a terrific fight ~1',laJW:et;a 1s oemg waged. )'iei<'fe The letter, which was written to ldn shortly after the men arrived in und and now we llle.,,.-ve1'Y New Guinea, was paesed by the II, 0) military censor. •'J'rom lookng at the map, you Wester simply says, "We have can see we are in the heart of the left the mainland of Australia and tropical zone, and it is really hot are now resting on the island of ere.. I am told that the hottest New Guinea." He makes no menmonths are from December through tion the fighting, confining his February, but by the time that letter to the country and living period arrives, we will have conditions. soaked up enough of the sunshine "WITHOUT INCIDENT" to have become acclimated. Most te:•T::s c~~s::::u°iii :ned s!~~;~t ~:~ of the boys are almost the color of the natives already. Speaking cident," the letter runs. "There This map shows New G ~ of the natives, they are very friendrd wasn't mu~h to do while abo.a north of Aus,tralia, where Jy here and should prove a valuable ship and Just a~out all. my time 126th Infantry is now Ioca aseet in seeking out and fighting 1 th ::; :::kei~gui~ : :hsu~l:~:e~ and, when the sun goes down, ~oot Jap. , . . our traveling on dangerous waters the bull with the boys. T his type Guess ; ve written Just about all for quite a few days. you can just of life is hard and boring but inust I can th mk o! that would pass bet that every one of us breathed necessarily be contended with if th e 'Censor. Needless to say l big sigh relief when we set there is to b+:>. successful culrninat~~~1:n:ni~ ; 0 th~~~ foot on good old mother earth. See 126TH INFANTRY -Pace .11 · far dist~nt when I will be back W.,.re following the normal pattern of Ufe again, Who knows but what thjs latest move is the first leg of o ourne bac o e goodold USA. If you don ear from me lor quite awhile, you should know that conditions make it impossible MICH., MONDAY, OCTOBER 26, 1942.-: for me to write; therefore, don't wait for answers to your letters before writing again since the main source of enjoyment to the soldier is, at present, receiving letters from home." LEFT IN 1940 Wester, who was ~mployed In the mail division at ,,the Union depot here, left with the first group of the Michigan national guards on Oct, 20, 1940, for Camp Beauregard, going with the convoy divis!Qn. The second group left Oct. of ;~f~ a GRAND RAPIDS, of ! a :;~ry;:~ ~:~f Marines Hear 'Mass as Japanese Guns Bark 25. Early in 1941, the 126th moved I ~;:; ~er~a~:ntLi~~ng;~~.~ ~edvo~~ Mass. , then moved to Australia, 1 where they ]anded in May of 1942. 1 Mr. English said he received a letter from Staff Sergt. William Zarafonetls of gervice company, written Sept. 16, but there was no mention of a move to New Guinea. He a1so heard about the same time from Capt. Edwin Henry of Grand 1Haven, who was also in Australia, and made no mention o! an expected move. I This letter :from First Sergt. Wester is the first word received here that Grand R'apids men are in the thick of the fig hting in 1 New Guinea. / 1 i I 1 While nearby guns bark and United States troops mop up Japs in the Mantanlkou river section, Cathollo fighting men kneel before an outdoor altar as FR. REARDON, marine chaplain, says Sunday mass �•·•• .,d2>c·· x· NOTCH A JAP BOMBEJ.t ~larked~ by a thin plume of smoke, a Japanese bomber plunges earthward a(ter having been blasted by mq.rine fighter planes over Guadalcanal. The plane crashed and exploded. (Marine photo.) Strange to American fighting men is the environment in which they find themselves at Port J.\,loresby, the vital allied base on the southern coast ot New Guinea. The natives, the customs and the land itself they may have read about or studied in school, but seeing them firsthand is a new experience. Sightseeing, however, is purely incidental. They have a job to do and they're doing it. �\Makes Direct Hit on Jap Ship With 500-Lb. Bomb , •• ~~-'/?.. Japs Battered In New Guinea ,.~,.'l... '- By DEAN SCHEDLER down in his DOok thus: "Mission SOMEWHERE IN NEW made- bombs in target area." GUINEA, Southwest Pacific (De(Gen. MacArthur reported two layed) ,(]p)-Boring through some enemy bombers were destroyed, of the stormiest weather yet en- two more probably destroyed and countered in the southwest Pacific, an anti-aircraft position knocked Flying Fortresses of Gen. MacAr- out by A1lied !'aiders in a \Surprise thur's command arssaulted Rabaul attack on the Japanese at Lae, in another pre-dawn raid and New Guinea. scored a direct hit with a 500-pound (Continued progress was reported <\.Hied Troops Win Strong, Moun ta in Positions in 'Apache Attack' (Bv United Press.) bomb on a big Japanese ship, the meanwhile by Allied forces drivin·g 1 11th enemy vessel sunk or dam- against the Japanese ·in the Owen aged there in two days. Stanley mountains. The enemy, (A Sunday communique from Al- fighting from prepared positions, lied headquarters in Australia iden- was using light a r tillery and mor- I tified this ship as a seaplane tender tars in an effort to halt the Allies.) \ of the 17,600-ton Nis'shin Maru - class and said it was believed to ---- have been destroyed. When last seen the vessel was reported ing great columns of flame and spout-1 black smoke.) FOLLOWS HEAVIER ASSAULT This attack followed a heavy assault the night before in which 10 ships, including a cruiser and de- Allies Lash at Japs' Lae Base in N,e w Guinea stroyer, were sunk or damaged at Rabaul in New Britain, used by the Japanese as their main supply base for their forces battling Americans at Guadalcanal in the Solomon island'S. The Allied bombers had to dodge over and under rollin·g thunderheads to get to Rabaul. Lieut. William Smith of H-onolulu piloted the first bomber to get there. His navigator, Lieut. James Buchanan of Holly Springs, Miss., said they made one run from a very low level. "I picked out the biggest ship in the ha1•bor," Buchanan said. "Smith made a diagonal run and 1 let go with our 500-pounders. From that string we got one direct hit amidships and the othcr'S were spaced enough to do lots of damage." Capt. Clyde Kelsey of Marlow, Okla., piloted another Fortress and his bombardier, Lieut. Joseph Howard of Bishop, Tex. , said its bombs caused fire aboard a ship followed by explosion'S, apparently from ammunition stores. "BOMBS IN TARGET AREA" Considering the weather, Maj. Elbert Halton of Clifton, Tex., squadron leader, said the raid would go l~ - ~3' -'t~ GEN. MAC ARTHUR'S JIEADQUARTER'S, Australia (Wednesday) (lP) Allied fighter pilots made a strafing attack on the Japanese base at Lae, New Guinea, yesterday, giving remote support to their embattled comrades on Guadalcanal, 900 miles to the southeast. The Allied formation destroyed three barges and silenced anti-aircraft positions at this important Japanese base, Allied headquatters said in announcing the raid in its noon communique today. One A111ed plane was missing. Northwest of Australia Allied medium b?mbers raided Dili, Portuguese Timar. · Allied troops have smashed into Japanese lines, capturing vantage points on the Kokoda trail, Gen. Douglas MacArthur reported Friday. Halted earlier by stiff Japanese resistance in the rugged Owen Stanley mountains south of 'the village of Alola, the allies staged • an "Apache charge" with bayo• nets. The screaming, charging in~antrymen, bayoneting their way 1~to the entrenched Japanese positions, broke the enemy's nerve cap• tured 20 soldiers and won se~eral strong points, Gen. MacArthur reported. ''We have not yet reached Aloia" a headquarters spokesman said "but we have removed strong Japanese defensive posts which have been impeding our advance. The Japanese forces routed were not necessarily a rear guard, be• cause they have been holding up the allies strenuously tor several days. It is believed that the Japa• ~ese suffered considerable casualties." From Alola the mountain trail plunges sharply down to the enemy s~rong point of Kokoda and the airfield tMre. A formation of allied bombers made two daylight sweeps over the enemy-held trail between Kokoda and Alola Thursday, bombing and strafing Japanese positions, including the villages ot Isurava and Abuari, north of Alola. I \D•~O-'fo:l., Jnps V se Truce Flags to Lure \ Yanks to Death, Navy Reveal~ One of the men walked over 1·o Washington-(!P)-An example of make the Jap a prisoner, but wh n Japanese treachery in the south he got within five feet of the f p Pacific warfare was made public by he was shot and killed. the navy Friday in releasing a disAgain several marine lan4ipg patch written by Sgt. Richard T. boats were entering a cove ~n Wright, a marine corps combat Florida 1s18.nd in the Solomolls correspondent. when a large white flag was seen Honoring a flag of truce borne by a Japanese officer, 28 of 30 marines waving from a tree on shore. Fire Returned. were massacred when they sought to take custody of "a bunch of The boats were maneuvered Japs" who, the sergeant said, were toward shore to investigate, but isolated on a nearby island and when they were about 150 yards from the beach the enemy opened wanted to surrender. As the 30 marines drew near the fl.re. "Fortunately we were ready and island they were met without warning by 11 a terrific burst from blasted them right back," related Sgt. Harry W, Schuler of Napa, several machine-guns hidden in the underbrush," Wright wrote. Calif. "They were mowed down like so Other treacherous acts attributed many stalks of corn," he added, to the Japs by Sgt. Wright included "except for the two escaped and the issuing of fake orders in English in night action, and the use of swam to safety." Sgt. Wright told of other in• "booby traps" which consist of a stances of Jap treachery conceived weapon or other apparently dis• around use of the white flag. carded article attached to a grenOn one occasion two United States ade which explodes when the ob\ soldiers on patrol duty saw a Jap ject is picked up or moved. on horseback waving a white flag. 1 "i �CH., TUESDAY, OCTOBER 27, Wasp loins Lexington, Yorktown at Bottom of Pacific -~ Wasp Officer - NEA Telephoto .f Sinking of the USS aircraft carrier Wasp, top, was announced by the navy Monday night. It was sunk by a 1'fi>anese submarine in the Solomons Sept. 15, sinking a few hours ffter the submarine had scored three mortal hits. Third United Stites aircraft carrier to be lost in the Pacl:flc, the Wasp, lower right, was ablaze from stem to stern before it sank to join the Lexington and the Yorktown at the bottom of the Pacific. CAPT. FORREST P. SHERMAN, Jell, was in command of the Wasp. Aussie Force Seizes Aiola lo· ~l•'r:),, - - - I Routs Japs After Stiff Contest in Jungles of New Guinea ( By LIEUT. COMDR. JOHN R. HUME, officer of the United State aircraft carrier Wasp, which was sunk in the Solomons battle Sept. 15, is on fur- lough at his home at Port Huron. Comdr. llume praised handling of the ship by Capt. Forrest P. Sherman and lauded work of medical officers, chalflains and other personnel in treating the wounded and get- ting them clear of the ship after word to abandon It had been ordered. GENERAL MAC ARTHUR'S HEADQUARTERS, Australia ,l (Friday) (IP)-New Allied gains -,.. on the ground in the moun' tain8 of New Guinea and a 6 Flying Fortress bombardment l'l of Bulnt on the southern tip ' or Bougainville island in the ') northern Solomon8 wer<" an- nounced t-oda~, by the Alllel hlg-h <'.ommand. In an attack last, nlg~t on th• ,Ja.pan~e naval base Buln. the Fortnsses straddled five unldPntlfted vessels with bombs. There was a heavy explosion on one ship as a result of the bombing. The bombers sped through anti-aircraft fire but encountered no aerial interception. I ,t Associated Press. ) In the ground fighting on New Guinea, it was announced Saturday that Australian troops have occupied Alola, seven miles south of the Japanese-held village of Kokoda, and forward elements are continuing the advance. The Japanese ' had offered stiff resistance in the Aiola region and ·held up the allied advance there for several days. This pocket of resistance was taken Friday in an attack at dusk after an allied flanking group attacked with hand grenades. A frontal bayonet assault completed the action and routed the Japanese. The capture of Aloia means that allied troops will be able to continue their drive in more favorable country. The Japanese apparently had established well-stocked strong points along the line of retreat where their men were expected to fight to the finish, dispatches from the front said. I �MARINES WHO TOOK TULAGI RECEIVE COMMUNION United States marines who partlcipated in wresting Tulagi island in the Sofomons from the Japs kneel on the sands of thf:' tiny island to receive Holy Communion from a Catholic chaplain. The battle rag8d shortly before this picture was taken. Now Tulagi is again a battle area. Allied Bombs Hit Jap Bases~ ').' MacArthur's Air,,, Force Sustains Its Attack on Islands GEN, MAC ARTHUR'S HEAD- QUARTERS, Australia (Monday) -(AP)-Continuing their methodical hammering at Japanese bases in the Solomon area, Allied bombers swept over Buin a.nd 1 Faisi for the fourth consecutive \ day Sunday, dropping 33 tons of \ bombs, Gen. MacArthur's headquarters announced today. Buin is a town at the southern Up of Bougainville island about 300 miles northwest of Quadalcanal. Faisi is a small island south of Bougainville. Seven ships were believed to have been sunk or damaged, the communique said, although ac- 1 curate observation of results- was l Stamping Division Tums Out Tools for War Machines Five freight cars are being loaded with machines for shipment to war production plants in this scene ln tht'I Grand Rapids Stamping Division plant of General Motors which ls producing at a record rate several types of vital machine tools. In the foreground the bed of a rugged vertical borIng mill Is OOing lowered onto a flat car. The mlll, used ln tank production, ls 110 large that two \ 0 -3,-'t-:i.._ freight cars are required to carry a. single machine. By building the critlcal boring mills not only for Jts own tank arsenal but for several other tank producers as well, together with the planers, other types of boring mills and drills, the stamping dlvislon's machine tool production activity has become an important phase of the armament ptorra1'1,, J dig~c:l~f our planes failed _to re-J turn. Continuing support of the action in the Solomons, two heavy coordinated night attacks were carried out by strong formations of heavy and medium A1lied bombers. The attacks were pressed home at low altitude in the face of intense anti-aircraft fire, the communique said. Medium bombers also attacked Lae on the northeast coast of New Guinea in early-morning dSJ'kness. One of our attack units was in· tercepted south of Lae by 20 Japanese Zeros. Three of the enemy fighters were shot down and one of our fighters failed to return. I �The Weather final Edition Colder • • • Pull U. S, Weather Bureau Report on Pa ge 2 FIFTY-EIGHTH YEAR PRICE GRAND RAPIDS, THREE CENTS MAC ARTHUR SHIPS; FLEET QUITS SG AREA -~ ,~ • 0 .... ~a~:idb::.1~;"';'.n es n orthwest of }uadalcanal and land forces have lestroyed a total of 12 J~panese ight tanks in action dunng the \Aussies Push. p ast 17~okOda 3 •a1~ ~~:\onference, Secy. Knox i:: - - -- \\- -'t-~ :::::;~::: f~~c~: t!~e s:O':::~~; rea have "met this onslaught a nd he skill with which t hese ~oJces ,ave been handled. They l a uperb job," he said. Bombers Smash Enemy's Attempt to Reinforce New Guinea Force ,;;:;ica!ec;;;~~r afs:ve~~:e anks on the island , a fact ~hie! tas not previoualy be:n ,:en ~~;t n navy announ cemen s. e as •d however t h at there was no eviie~ce as y~t o! a ny tank battle )etween t he opposin g tank forces. 'PURE SPECULATION" He described reports th at la:ge AJ;ied rn;r:~:::t~do:;;;• l Tuesday captured the Japanes 1 base at Kokoda after a gruelling drive over the o,.. en Stanle,• mountains in , I~:~~ Smash at Foe in Buin Raid •v NeW Guinea and continue to shove the Japanese troops towa rd their coastal base at Buna. Aware of the precarious posi- ~~~~~~t!~et~ J tw~~r!~~;~;:; 0 5 Jap Carrier Among Four Ships Hit by Jap Warships Withdraw as First Round of Guadalcanal .Fight Ends By INTERNATIONAL NEWS SERVICE WASHINGTON - Secretary of t e avy nox ec are n• ~:?at!~ tha~t:: ;i!~~e~ef :::tr~~t~: :~: ~~a!~~:a::]:e e"::; h N K d I d F . 0 :;!~~~~dt~: Js~~i-;eav~ :;~:rm1;:r~ \ ;~~ can bases as "pure speculation. carrying an estimated 7,000 sol'They could strike anywh ere, even diers, to Euna to bo1ster their reth 1t Alask a," he said, "but at is treating for ces, a11 allied communerely speculation ." nique said. th0 But regardless of where se Allied heavy bombers attacked th fo1·ces might next' appear th e secthe transports, escorted by a light t retary was certain batb e I cruiser, a destroyer and nine fightnaval u nits which have _een si . - ~ er planes, scoring many near ed near the Shor t.l and islands in \' misses and shooting down five of th e n orthecn Solomons A.11.d enemy I f' ht tOrcee w h ich -.rticlpated l n t he I the Japanese ig ers. I week•end battle some 400 'M~~ Bombers Strike Repeated y, n ortheii.et' 1t1f Guadalcanal (UWe Medium bombers attacked later, dropping bombs ,,vhich missed the e declined- to aaY Whether ~e transport only narrowly. The con,i,w-: aaa "'Wtthdra'Wft an the way voy withdrew, but the bombers lNl,.telt l h the mid-P aci.fie. struck again and scored a direct "'he f act t h e .Taps have wl th- hit on one of the transports and ""'11 the large naval u n its known near hits on both. One transport •ta ,.lu de baitleships and at leaSt was burning when last seen off o -aircraft carriers ~rom t~e Gasmata on the south coast of S,o1omons area is considered m New Britain, it was stated offiava.1 circles here as the most cia11y. beadentng news. from the south- The JapanPse landed first at west Pacific since the last phase Buna on Ju1y 2:1 .;. nd within two 1 of th• battle b~gan on Oct. 13• ,~-eeks had advanced 60 miles LD "EVERY · I NCH " across New Guinea to Kokoda. That American land forces de- , Backed by superior forces, the en ding Guadalcanal still occupy , Japanese fought their way through eveg inch of grounQ." they ever •'the gap" in the mountain range nti-olled strikingly reveals that and were facing allied troops at Jap attempts to blast the Ionba1wa, only 32 miles from Port lc8.Ils out of their positions Moresby, when alhed defenses st1f• lailed at the expense of tell- fened and finally started to ad~~s in ships, planes and men. van~ce back over the mountains to ::i~'t;~er military experts here Kokoda. i4', ni~ht warned against u ~- Along_ the road fr~m Kokoda. to e optimism over this victory m Euna, .1.ungle at?d rivers combine ..ftrst round," pointing out that to provide form1da~le natural obµte m enacing Jap forces have not sta:Ies to the aI11:s. and more been destroyed but inst~ad have easily defended pos1t_ions for t.l)e tir ed from the scene.' ~apanese, who are expected to 4, r~h ether that is for the pur pose [ight with everything a~ailable to of regrouping and striking again old the north New Guinea coast. at the Solomons or perh~ps at the American held bases m the New Hebrides or Fiji islands remains yet to be seen bu~ in a ~8:ttle f or such vitally strategic positions t Is not to be expected that th e Ja ps have withdrawn wi!h any idea o? suspending operations in u,Ja area. Further, it is emphasized t~at the :faps are known to have sizeable forces on Guadalcanal which they paid heavily to land there and it is certain they will not aba~don the positions they have gained there at the expense of such great losses. .:~r Americans Hold Island Pos·1t·1ons, Knox Says h ad" and that en em y naval forces h a v e retr eated f r om the Solom ons area after a severe a ir-sea b atterin g . Asserting t h at " we are getting s u p plies into the Solomons . • • there have been no interruption s in our com munications," the secretary stated "we are still in Guadalcan a l o ccu pying every inch of ground we ever controlled." ''There is practically a lull" in op erat ions, Knox said at his --1 weekly press conference. "There is no action on the surface t h e Solomons. Th e enemy has retired from the scene." - •FIRS'i' ROUND' ENDS "I'd say as a. figure of speech tha t t he fi rst round is over and they are waiting for the second round to start," he continued, but added that navy, marine a n d army airmen r t·n t· d Guadalca~a~ t:~/v~he::o~:s Inear :n~ ~!:~n"goitr sti!~r~~::n fig:!~ng :;; enemy.'' He refrained :from makin g any prediction!, however, as to when th e .!!leco n d rou n d might commence or what .th e outcome might be, merely limiting h imself to "I haven't any idea juS t what the next developme nt m ay be." Earlier in th e day th e navy revealed th at American land , sea and air forces defending the Solomon~ have damaged an additional WASHI NGTON V:P) - Secret a ry of t h e Navy Knox Friday su pported a statem en t made by W ar Secr etary Stimson t hat there Is complete co-operation between the a , my and na,•y in t h e Solomons area. "I want to say, qul t P u em• p h atically as I can," K n ox asserted, "that t h e army in ever y possibl e way is co-operatin g." T o back up t.hat stat em en t, h e quoted a r em ark by Under.. M>cr-etar y o f t he Navy Jam e!l!I V. Fo rresta l-"th e cl oser to t h e f r ont you get the closer t h e co-operation becomes." ' 1Th e a rm y a ir arm," h e said, "Is carr3·ln g on a vigorous of• f ensive a gainst the enem y." MacArthur Bombers GEN. MAC ARTHUR'S HEADQUARTERS, Australia, (Saturday ) UP)-Allied bombers probably dam• :!~~:: tf?~1~:ro~::~~:·:~~;: i:: 1 battleship, probably damaged still another cruiser and left an unident fl . i ed shtp ablaze in a raid on ~:~~•cedtht:da:1;,~gh comma nd anThe raid was the second in as many days on the Japanese-held harPor on the southern tip of :z 1~~!:~~ll;fs::sd ~; ::; fho;·t!C:s~ .damaging aerial blow announced recently in attempts to checkmate an all-out assault or the Japanese on Guadalcanal to the southeast of Buin. THREE ATTACKS Allied medium and heavu bomb.} ers delivered 1hree attacks last night on shipping concentrations at Buin. Twenty-seven tons o! explosives were dropped on the Nipponese vessels, "The first wave of heavy bombers scored two bits on a heavy cruiser or battleship," the communique said, "and placed other bombs very close to a light cruiser and an airplane carrier, probably causing extensive damage." Reports from medium u nits which made up the second wave have not been received. Heavy bombers formed the third wave. They set the unidentified vessel ablaze and also scored two possible hits on a destroyer. In contrast with Thursday night's raid by Flying Fortresses when no interception was enGountered, last ntght'A raiders drew an interception ,i_tt.empt by three Jap float planes but it failed . A small force or Allied medium bombers also delivered two at... tacks last night on Jap~held portions of the town of Dill!, on the north coast of Portuguese Timar. Results were not observed, Gen. MacArthur also announced that Allied troops pounding steadily at the Japanese in the Owen Stanley mountai ns of New Guinea have occupied Aiola, within eight miles of Kokoda, and Allied forward elemen ts are continuing their advance. Jap d estroyer in a new u. S. motor t orpedo boat a ttack, b.a_v en oft furl.her Jaj:, attacks: agai Aµier ican positions on GuadalcanalL,.__ _ _ _~ and repeat edly bbm bed and strafed enemy positions to ,\.he, west of th Amerl &lrflt!llL \L-----------------------------------": �PRICE THREE CENTS I 2 FRONTS; "ODA BASE MacArthur Stops Enemy Fall Back on Reinforcements at Buna Guadalcanal Japs Retreat Slowly Before Americans: Subs Down 7 Ships GEN. MAC ARTHUR'S HEAD- and they appeared to be ,till unQUARTERS, AU!~tralia (Tuesday) able to cope with the Australian --AJlied ground forces have reca:ir jungle :torces. tured Kokoda, chief inland base of A~~=i:ns cocr:~r:~~~e t:ai!ur!~: WASHINGTON (IP) A slow beyond Japanese retreat on Guadalcanal fru~trated a Japanese attempt to Kokoda. b1land wa:s announced Monday by land strong rein!oi-cements at Allied bombers 11urprised the .Jap- the navy, together with word that Buna, the 8trategic coastal ba.,e 60 anese convoy as it was attempting American submarines had sunk miles east ot Kokoda, the Allied to land troops near Buna. The con- ,uwen more enemy Bhips in the far command Rnnounced today. voy consisted of two large trans- Pacific. The mid-d11y communique told ports of approximately 12,000 and The Japanese withdrawal began how Allied bombers chased aw11y 10,000 tons, the communique s11id. Sunday (Solomons Island Time) the enE'my convoy and carried on a In the escort were a light cruiser after the Americans unleashed & running f\ght with it throughout and a destroyer, protected by nine battering assault by dive bomben, Monday, damaging two transports Zero flghten1. The attack started in Flying Fortre11ses, fighting planea carrying about 7,000 men by many midafternoon when medium bomb-- end a. small force of marines. The near hits and at least one direct hit en swept tn and scored medium marines crossed the Matinikau on one vessel. hits on both transports. river, attacked to the westward. The reinforcemente apparently Two bombs hit within 15 feet of and one wave of the devil-dogs were Intended to strengthen the one transport and two more bombs "made an advance of two miles hard-pressed Japanese forces in hit within 2:S feet of the other ves- with comparatively few casualtie.s," the Kokoda area. which have been sel. a communique said. pushed back steadily for l!leveral This attack was followed at dusk While Flying Fortres~e,i: sup.weeks from the south side of the by an assault ott the south coast ported thi8 thrust by hammering Owen Stanley mountains, where of New Britain with heavy bomb- the withdrawing foe, American their drive on Port Moresby bad ers, which scored a direct hit on fighter pfa nes and dive bombP-rs collapsed. one transport and many near hits strafed and hlasted at E"nemy poalThese troops. weakened by week1 on both. The Allied planes also tion:!I throughout the d11y. or jungle fighting, have offered heavily strafed both the transports ENEMY'S FIRE SILENCED su:slained resi.stance at only one and the escort vessels with ma"Enemy artillery fire waa • i• or two poJnUJ in their withdJ'awal chinf'-gun fl.re. lenced." the navy :said. Dul'ing thf! same day, naval fighting planes, Gumman "Wildcats," carried the attack to the Japanese base at Rekata. bay. They strated buildings, started a fire and destroyed :five enemy planes on the beach.• Heavy anti• airc1•aft fire damaged some ol the "Wildcats/' but all planes returned safely. the Japanese in New Guinea, and the retreating Japanese Allies on New Guinea KU 9 Ull\,\o Push Japs on New Guinea \ 1- \ \ • 't -'1- l_, MacArthur Forces Forcing Enemy to Northern Coast I GEN. MAC ARTHUR'S HEADQUARTERS (Wednesday) UP> Allied ground forces which captu1·ed Kokoda, advanced Jap base for the 111-falcd mountain thrust at Port Moresby, are continuing to push the Japs back toward the north New Guinea coast, the Allied high command announced today. The advance units now are approaching Oivi. Dilli harbor town on the north cout ~t Portuguese Timor, northwel!lt ot Australia, was attacked b two waves or Allied bombers .:hich found fires sl~ll b~rning from the previ•us days ra1d and started new ones in the town and wharf ar_e_as_._ _ _ __ I,. 4- .l.. GEN. MAC ARTHUR'S HEADQUARTERS, Australia (Fri~ay) UP)-The Alllcd ground fo1ces, which on last Sept. 29 began hur_l. back the Japanese from their ~np~roach to within 32 miles o~ Po~t Moresby, arc continuing their a vance beyond Kokoda toward ~he north New Guinea coa'St, th~ h~gh command said today. Ind1ca.~mg bitter fighting, the commun1~~e stated the troops were advancmg slc;t::- the second straight day, Allied bombers struck at ~he Japoccupied towns of M:3-ob1sse and Ailey in Portuguese T1_mor, to t~~ orthwest of Austraha, and ~alamaua, Jap base on the north shore o! New Guinea ab~ve the port of Buna toward wh1c~e t!~ Allied ground forces now a th~t:::;chbombcrs ret~~ned_ last i ht to the Buin-Fa1s1 at ea in northern Solomons where Mai Arthur's raiders already have sun f or damaged more than a score. o ships, including an aircraft carrier. ~h: GENERAL MAC ARTHUR'S HEADQUARTERS, Australia (Thursday) (JP)-Allied troops "swf'pt aside strong enemy re-I sistance" three miles west of Olvl in the New Guinea. jun• the \t) gles, "and a,re continuing ~ advance" aimed at Buna., the .,,.. Japanese coastal base which ls being pounded st-('adlly by Al~ Jied planes, a communique said ;:;e~=~::. sinking !even Jap ship!, damaged in recent forays in th• This toll was Jn addition to the t to~;'~. operating several miles beyond Kokoda, mid-way point across the 120-mile waist of New Guinea, the Allied troops were aided by their aerial artlllei·v whlch not only blasted nu"na. and Olvl, but ranged far up the coast to hit the subsidiary Japanese bases of Lae and Salamaua. These latter attacks ob,·lously were to hinder any Japanese att.empts to send sea.-borne reinforcements to Buna. Summarizing activities for th• day and a hal! which preceded these developments. the navy said American Bitcraft made fonr atb.cks on .Japanep;e positiom1 on Guadalcanal. Five Wildcats look on a. formation or 60 enP-my fight• er planes ~nd destroyed four of them without dam3.ge to them• selves. These four Japaneu plane!, and the five destroyed at Rekat& bay. brought the announced total ot enemy planes downed in the ftght,. inAmg inert1·chaenSolsoumbmona•ritnoes5,29,beslde• heavy damage inflicted on the Jbaapttalne esOectfl. e2e6t OJ~ athegrSetaetwas;at-~~ a I lands, which forced the enemy to withdraw at least temporarily from the critical struggle !or the Solomons. The communique reporting the bag oC American subroarine'ff did not di~elo5e the, ar~ft of the op~ra• lions beyond the term "Far Ea.st-ern waters," but the navy'a 1tatement tha.t "these actions have not been Rnnounced in any previous : navy department communique" 1n• dicated th11.t the submarine acttvity wns not a direct part of the -------------1So~~: 0 in ::i::t;!:~k: probably action~ wfl!tl within thft zone of Ja.pa• ne.se control in the west PaciAc, were two large tankers, a. large passenger.cargo ship, two mediumsized and two small cargo . ships. One of Japan's converted aircraft carriers was damaged and set afire, and the submarines also _dam8:ged a destroyer and a medmm-s1zed Japs in Guinea Still Retreat \l..=:t..::.l:.~ Allied Army Advances Six Miles Beyond Captured Kokoda (By Associated Ptt11.) The allied army in New Guinea Wednesday pushed nearly six miles beyond Kokoda, inland Japa .. nese base captured Monday, a~d ts approaching the village ot O1vl on tl)e road to the important Japanese coastal base at Buna, Gen. Douglas MacArthur's headquarters announced. Th.e retreat ot the Japanese to• ward Buna is continuing, the communique sald. There apparently ls little fighting. There ls a narrow road leading from Kokoda to Buna and the allied supply problem now ls eased because Kokoda has a small airfield permitting the land• Ing ot ,upply planes trom Port Moresby, main allied base in New Guinea. Timor Bue Fired. Although under almost daily at• tack by allied bombers, the Buna garrison has been supplied by barge and larger ships from the Japanese bases at Lae and Salamaua, farther north on the New Guinea coast. and from Japaneseheld New Britain. ~e most recent attempt to reinforce the garrison was frustrated Monday, however. While the ground forces under Gen. MacArthur's command pu~sued the retreating Japanese m New Guinea, his bombers con• tinued their support by raiding the Japanese-occupied town and _dock areas of Dilli in Portuguese T1mor, northwest of Australia, and found fires still burning from the ~aid of the previous day. New fires were started. ta;~~:· was the first summary by the navy of its submarine opera• Uons in the Pacific since Oct. 14, and it brought the total score_ of American undersea craft agamst the Japanese to 86 ships sunk, 20 probably sunk and 27 damaged, a total of 133 sunk or damaged. In the Solomons battle, the navy has announced the sinking of 12 Japane'Se ships, plus three probably sunk and 16 damaged, principally by land-based or carrier-based 9:trcraft, against 16 American ships sunk and at least three damaged. American forces also have destroyed at least 520 Japanese planes in the So_l_om_o_n•_·_ _ __ \ �\\:'- · '!l New Guinea Enjoyin9 Boom in Grass Skirts ~llied Troo~ Meet\ S t~b'hg Re,utance ln Guinea ..4lvance Gen. ti!~~lt":h=iir's NEW YORK (INS) - Aus- tralian command announced Sat• urday that the allled troops which have J>Ushed the Japaiiese back mor~ than half way across New Guinea from their dtjve on the Port More!iby base had ;encountered strong resistance nor Oivi. Allied bombers for the tlllrd successive day raided enemy~occupied towns in Portuguese TimOr. north· west of Australia, dropping explosives on barracks and supply installations and starting several fires. e· : _••• the demand for grass skirts that Australians and Americans require to send home ae Christmas presents." This new form of boosting local industry bids fair to put the New Guineans in the higher income tax brackets. They get from 30 cents for an ordinary grass garment to $1.50 for a really fancy one. I .. ,. .... .<Tb.PONAPE ·•; H·.)-~~ GUADALCANAL has many of the same problems of supply and reinforcement that contrib• uted to the defeat of the defenders of Wake island and Bataan, but has the advantage of being near to several united nations south Pacific bases, links in the supply chain from America. ~ARSH.ALL ISLANDS ::_: "...._ ~WOTJE *' JALUIT Pacific Ocean ·/ Qt_MA~IN GILBERT_ISLAll:fDS •,:...' • ELLiCEIS. NEW Noumea Australia, 1,100 miles away, and Hawaii, 5,000 miles, are two main supply bases for Guadalcanal . The Japs-as is usually the p-·2 ,vith the axis-have shorter SllP• ply lines for the battle of Guadalcanal. From their main production front in Japan, it is only 3,500 miles against our 7,500 from the United States. Even closer-at , Truk'-the Japs have a great supply Ibase for naval and land operaItions, 1,300 miles away against our ' 5,000 from Hawaii. i CALEDONIA At close range the Japs are at Lae, New Guinea, 1_000 miles away; at Rabaul, New Britain, 650 miles; and at Bougainville, !~~!Guadalcanal. ;~~s, ~~frwi~~f!h~~~ 0 "Norfolk t. Girls, If you get a grass skirt from that doughboy, satlor or marine out in the Pacific as a Christmas present, you'll know he's in New Guinea or somewhere near there. The Australian radio lifted the veil today. As CBS recorded the broadcast, the New Guinea natives "are working overtime to supply ~~l~; 1 of It is these nearby enemy bases that are the targets of swarms of allied bombers operating from New Guinea and New Hebrides fields. United States flyers have also won air superiority over Guadalcanal, but to hold it must have reinforce• ments in fighter planes and divebombers as well as long-range heavy bJ'mbers. 1 The big jobs-the Flying For• tresses-can hop to Guadalcanal from Australia, New Guinea or New Caledonia easily. But only Milne Bay, New Guinea, and Es• piritu Santu, our New Hebrides base, are within range of fighter planes carrying _e xtra gas supplies. i Otherwise it is up to aircraft carriers to bring in the smaller planes, and the United States has ·a lready lost one carrier. in the Solo• mans and had another damaged. NewZealanc/Sea TASMANIA Pacific Ocean To keep 'em flying, Guadalcanal's planes need oil and gas, ammunition and bombs - all ot which must be brought In by vulnerable tankers and supply ships. These vessels must run the gantlet in waters infested by Jap submarines and other enemy naval vessels. Food and ammunition for the troops holding the Guadal• canal airfield also come by sea. ""'-----='-------.,..=------'------@--' encircled Unlike Bataan, Guadalcanal Is not · by the enemy. Unlike · ::J;, !1'.:'er!!!~eh::~o!~ ';;c!.,~; - - - - - - - - - -lAPS' ADVANTAGEShorter supply lines give the laps . , ~vantage In the battle of Guadalcanal, bnt nearby U. S. bases like the New Hebrides, FIJl lalands, New Guinea, New Caledonia, New Zealand and Australia make our reinforcement problem much easier thall It wu at Bataan. Bottom map shows how Japs held supply line edge In battles of Wake and Bataan, as well as at Guadalcanal. the supply lines a,:e open, though Jong_ and because we went into the Solomons prepared for the risk ~nan~ff:j[;;/ci/.~i• will hold. i~~ii'c::i �11- -.. Crash in Florida Kills. G. R. flier if"._ -- Plan Military Funeral Sunday for Army Flyer Military funeral services will be held at 2:30 Sunday in Sullivan's chapel for 2nd Lieut. C. Ario Chriitensen, 22, army air force bombardier, who was killed Monday ·in a crash near Gardiner, Fla, The body will arrive at 8:20 Saturday night. Officiating will be Rev. L. B. Niles, pastor of Burton Heights Methodist church, of which Lieut. Christensen was a member. Former classmates at South High school will be bearers. Burial is to be in Rosedale Memorial park. He was a son of Mr. and Mrs. Fred Christensen, 246 Griggs-st., S. E. Members of Custer post, Veterans of Foreign Wars, will be in charge of the military rites. The body will be accompanied on the way here by a fellow-officer from the air force. · 11-'t-'1- ,_ Local Officer Plane Victin1 Parents of 2nd Lieut. C. Ario Christensen, 22, of the army air force, were informed Tuesday of their son's death in a crash near Gardiner, Fla., Monday and told the body \.VOUld be sent to the Sullivan mortuary here. No ,vord as to the time of arrival was given. Lieut. Christensen, a former South High bask~tball player, and Junior College student, st~ed training with the air for(~ in I T)le c;._;; ~-,l'~rmy airplane Monday near Gardiner, Fla., took the life of a Grand Rapids youth, Lieut. C. A. Christensen, 20. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Fred Christensen of 246 Griggs st., SE., were Jlotifled Tuesd1ty of his death. The body was shipped to th Sullivan Funeral Home here, but late Wednesday the parents had had no word when it would arrive. Lieut. Christensen attended South high school and Junior college here and star.tea his air force training last March. He was commissioned a second lieutenant last Sept. 7 at the air field at Albuquerque, N. M., and classified as a master bombadier. A furlough home here 10 days ago was cut short when he was called back to duty. Lieut. Christensen was a member of Burton Heights Methodist church. Besides his parents, a brother, Vern, survives in Johnstown, Pa., and his grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. Ole Christensen. I ( LIEUT. C, A, CHRISTENSEN, March of this year and ,vas graduated from the field at Albuquerque, N. M., last Sept. 7. He was commissioned then as a bombardier second ]ieutenant. He had been a member of Burton Heights Methodist church in Grand Rapids. His father, Fred Christensen, 246 Griggs-st., S. E., is a railroad engineer. 1 Besides the parents he is survived by one brother, Vern, in Johns • town, Pa., and his grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. Ole Christensen. Lieut. Christensen was one of six flyers killed in the accident Monday. • Obituaries CHRISTENSEN-Lieut. C. Ario Christensen, aged 20, of 246 Griggs '5t., SE., passed awa.y Monday near Gard· ner, Fla. SurYiving are the parents, Mr. and Mrs. Fred Christensen; one brother, Vern of Johnston, Pa., and the grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. Ole Christensen. Lieut. Christensen will a.rrlve late Saturday evening and will be taken to the , Sullivan Funeral Home, Inc., where funeral services will be held Sunday afternoon at 2:30. Interment In Rosedale Memorial park. Rev, L. B. Niles officiating. Military Services 11 ·1 ·t"for Army Flier Here 1 Military funeral aervlcel!I for Lieut. C. Ario Christensen, 22, army air force bombardier who was killed Monday will be held Sunday afternoon at 2:30 In the Sullivan funeral home. Burial w111 be in Rosedale Memorial park. Lieut. Christensen, son of Mr. and Mrs. Fred Christensen of 246 Griggs st,, SE., was killed whE'n a plane crashed near Gardiner, Fla. He was a former student of South high scho61 and his former classmaters will be pall bearers. The military rites will be undP.r , auspices of the Custer post, Veterans \ of Foreign Wars. • �r r Nestled amid palms and the luxuriant vegetation of the New Guinea jungle, this village near Port l\Ioresby learns there's a war going on when United S tat es Negro soldiers occupy it, -----------\0 -30- I'---. f}eneral CJJouglas :Jr{ac_A.rtbur '\ en Japan aunched the attack against our island possessions in the ;)ac fir the eommander of the armed forces in the Philippines was Gr-n r Dou .,.las ).lacArthur-a brave leader-a man who is a symbol Ar. eric.1'-s fighting spirit. Th· oug 1 his courage and leadership, American and Filipino troops v; · 01e a glonous chapter in our history by their heroic defense of Bataan pcuinsula-a stand which disorganized Japanese plans and g ve Amcric:-'l and her allies much needed time to build up their t er th. • successful was GenP.ral MacArthur in the Philippines t 1at he wns de"'Pd o proceed frorri Bataan to Australia and was placed in supreme c·ornmand of all l nlted Nations forces in the far Pacific. His worL of 1,ropbccy upon his arrival in Australia will long be r-"mct :>ered- ''l came through and I shall return." That General Mac \rthur was well qualified is recognized by a glance at his backrou d of tra n ng. He was born January 26, 1880 in Arkansas-son of a soldier father, Lieuten int General Arthur MacArthur, who also commanded in the Ph lipp1 cs, and organized the Philippine Scouts. ,,uglas MacArlhur graJuated from the r"nitcd States Military Academy 1 1 l03, nd was commi"'-"'-ioned a Lieutenant in the J<~ngineers. Bv 1} 5 he had adva ced to the rank of Major and had served in the Ph1hppme, in Japan, a1d t e Vera Cruz expeC: io1 of 19 4 ~;. was a member of the Gener~! >ltaff from 1913 to 1915, and aga n rr m 1 16 to .917 In p, 1 )17 "£ I "'Wing the heginn.ng of tho first world war he was ap t d c h cf of Staff with he 42nd Rainbow Division, with the rank 01 ( 01, nc Was made Com nande of the 84 1 h Infantry Br •ade ,n Au •ust, 1918- b1• n the follo\\ mg Novem:)€ returned to the 42nd Division as its 011mana r ,v h h div s on '-ie fought on the Champa ne front in the offrnsive ~t Mihicl the Meusc-Arg nne and the Sedan. He was wounded we [Jenera/ :A{acA rthur • ilv will like, and one that wil 1mr,ortant nutritive values. "!' 'Vitamin C as well as calcium , supplies protem for body n are a good energy food. ~M •otawes �r•n;~:.;rnrm '™ • P, . . - · I' PRICE TEN CENTS :iALLIES FR ONT ·u. s. FoA.f rica l ,·,, Move Forestalls Axis; Eisenhower Is Leader oken Aris rces Flee l\ -&-- .•1--~ 100,000 of Rommel roops Stampede oward Libya Line By ASSOCIATED PRESS he remnant of the .shattered s African a1·my, with perhaps ,000 of its 140,000 f1•ont line ef.. tives 1·eported either captured trapped, fled westward toward ya Saturday night in a desper~ effm·t to avert total disaster merciless liquidation by Allied nes, guns and tanks. . he Axis' chances of escapJJ1g er destruction in Egypt grew mer by the hom·. Already the CAIBO f events e are 50 an and (.:'F)-The movement in the Egyptian batrapid that some GerItalian soldiers a1·e ving difficulty falding any- ody who has time to take hen1 prisoner. One Ia1:ge pa1·ty o:t Germani vertaken at an advance airase asked RAF inen to take hem I>l'isone1·s, but were told they were too busy. "itun off and get captured by somebody with more time to spare," an RAF officer said. rmans had been driven 102 miles yond Matruh, halfway to Libya, d the announced bag of 20,000 isoners mounted. . Six Italian divisions numbering 000 men were by-passed and left 'hind by the running Germans. hey bad little food, water or am.. unition and were waiting only r a chance to surrender. President Broadcasts Plea to French; British Aid in Thrust Pvt. Davis ·with By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS 126th in Guinea The United States and Britain Sunday opened the long awaited second front by large-scale landing operations in French African colonies both in the Mediterranean and on the Atlantic coast. At the same time President Roosevelt broadcast a message to the French people, calling upon them to aid in the campaign which was described as a move to "forestall an invasion" by Germany and Italy. The landing took place in the early morning hours of Sunday (African time) and was carried out both at points in the Mediterranean and on the Atlantic coast. It came as the British army was pursuing and hacking to pieces Marshal Erwin Rommel's. Africa corps in the Egyptian desert and no . doubt was timed to coincide with the Egyptian debacle. Rommel now has Allied forces both to the front and to the rear of his hard-pressed forces. TO "FORESTALL INVASION" Edit~,',; &;iot.?';vt. Ray W. Davis, 19, son of Mr. and Mrs. R. C. Davis of Riverside ave., NE., attended Creston high school. He left Grand Rapids with the national guard'S in October, 1940, and was stationed at Camp Livingston, La., until the spring of 1942. At this time he was sent to Fort Devons, Mass. In April, 194~, he went t0 California to ship to '.Australia. His parents have just received word from J:im at New Guin.ea, where he 1s seeing active service. Defense Editor: You ought to be down here, . we have palm trees, cocoanut trees and banana trees. Not to mention crocodiles and snakes. The natives down here loo~ just like the "fuzzy-wuzzies" y~u see in the movies. Big bushy hair, beads, bracelets and all the fixings. It sure is warm here! It gets way past the· hundred mark in the shade. All we wear are ~horts and a hat. At night we change to l_ongs because of the malaria mosqmtoes. We go swimming in the ocean when we can, but have to be care- The White House announcement said the operations against the French colonies were undertaken to 14forestall an invasion" of Africa by Germany and Italy. The French government was informed of the action and told that "the Allies seek no territor}' and have no intention of interfering with friendly French authorities in Africa." The operations were carried out by the navy, army and air forces, supported by units of 1.he British navy and the RAF. Lieut.-Gen. Dwight D, Eisenhower,. commander of U: S, forces in Europe, is commander-in-chief of the,operaijqns. fu~o~fn s~:l'l~!~ head through t?i's jungle I'm going to hire a nat~ve to carry my pack. You can hire one for a handful of food; and can trade them a bright button, o~ a piece •of bright cloth, for anythmg it I~e~~~sn't pay to worry about us, as everyo~e is wonderful to us. We're really the fair-haired boys. PVT. RAY W. DAVIS, Somewhere in New Guinea. - - - -- l from_ Was and London. The President dellvered t ,pge In French: !'.He1p us where you are a trt,?nds, and we "Bhatt ..... the glorious day when· Ube peace shall reign ag8.in on "Vive la France eternelle The President asked the·F "Do not obstruct, I beg o this great purpose." Mr. Roosevelt declared t : k ~ ; th~u~':,'.'i:',~ Fhrnce in l9I8" and held life the deepest friendship r French people. ''No two nations exist," ha 1-----,---:-;--,-,---,---,--=...,-,,m"':lll ''which are more united by h answer to its attempts to "fish "'1d mutually friendly ties th ~~~o;:a!~o~~ae~ !~1~:gc~i~~~~ft ::r:."of France and the MOBE COMING oys escrtrted by warships musterThe White House announcement at the Rock of Gibraltar in said the United States forces in, wlth'lrlestdli, J'ranch au~~ lnling recent days, the immediate future would be Africa.n YANKS FROM BRIT<UN . inforced by · "a considel,'able nllJ:D,,, The goveI'nment of France and The troops apparently were some bei~ti:u~ri:~seh st;rc;e!t~~~lhe its people and the French posses-jOf those which have been concenPl'imary purpose of the operatlonat sions, the announcement continued, ~rated in the British Isles for s.o,r,e was t;. prevent an Axis invasion have been requested to co-ope:- time, itching for action as ~ ~• 'With and assist the Ameri- ei:it through .t~e final stages o of the colonies, it also declar can; e'Xpedition °in its effort to heir battle trammg, for they wen, they would "provide an effect! second front assistance to our repel the German and Italian in- omma~ded by Lieut. Gen. Dwight teniational criminals, and by so E1senpower, commander-In heroic Allies in Russia." doing to liberate France and the hief in the _European thea.t PURPOSE TWO-FOLD French empire from the Axis hose headquarters had been tn · The W11ite House statement sa.id yoke." ritain. , the purpose of the move was two- 4 'MAJOR EFFORT" Eisenhower broadcast a message fold: 0 1. To forestall an Axis invasion Witheut specifying the exa~t fri~~e 0 ~e~~~ealr°fof ~~eenC:re~~~~. there which "would constitute a 'points where the powerful Ameri- . ssuring them that "we come cl.irect • threat to Ame1·ica across c&n _force had disembarked, . !he jtmong you solely to destroy your the comparatively narrow sea announcement . said the ~xped1tion ~nemies and not to harm you" ~nd from western Africa." "Will develop mto a maJor effo~·t .ssued a proclamation insti·ucting 2. To provide "an effective· sec- by tbe Alliet ;atio~: ~~l~e ~: ;hem how to co-operate. ond fronti assistance to our hel'oic ar~:mn: the planned To si_gnify co-operation, the gen~ allies in Russia." th at th ey fly . the Thus the Axis had an emphatll, German and Italian invasion of ~r~l dire~ted Atrl<?a. and prove the first historic ~ i ench tri-color and the American t to· th l"be tion and restora- l~g, one above the other, o_r two 1 ep e n-colors by day and shme a ton of France. .,earchlight vertically into the sky by night. He also directed French naval and aviation units to 1·emain idle. Eisenhower's message indicated that the troops were pouring ashore in Morocco, which has both Atlantic and Mediterranean.shores, / and the remainder Qt' ]fdnch North Africa 'fltltich eomprts~ :Algeria and Tunis on the Mediterranean. Landings .also presumably were being made in the french Wes Aftlcan colonies, including ·senegal, whose capit_al ot Dakat lies only 1,870 miles across the South Atlantic from the bulge of Bra'.zil. The announcement gave no details ot the composition of the troops and their equipment, for obvious mllitary reasons, but said that they were equipped with "adequate weapons of warfare" and that they would, "in the im• mediate future, be reinforced by a considerable number of divisions of the British army." There was no doubt that the expeditions were made in heavy force with tanks, artillery and all the accoutrements of modern warfare for this new and promising phase of the conflict. FRENCH INFORMED The President's statement wen on to say that the French gave ment and people had been infor.r';·· of the purpose of the Americe1 J editio aa h-.,,........._._ r.., thi~:e g!~! can't call me "Squirt" any more. I am now six feet tall and weigh 185 pounds, or 13 stone and three pounds, as they say Simultaneously with the presidential statement, the Houae made public a R radio recording which was ct.It tonight to the French rn: =~:!!.~f ~~ ! ,;a by ..hortwave ':t;,e ~ FUTURE' hnerlca:n.s, with the assi FOB = df the United Nations, Mr. [ a::ed, ~~~:/t;i:i~e;;ror :;e::, 0 0 0 : ~ t':,e ~e1!~c~';,,"c~s~/~~ who have lived under the tr! uw8 come among you to r the cruel invaders who woul mov.e forever your rights of government, your rights to reli freedom and your rights to your own lives in peace and s ity. "We come among you sole defeat and rout your enemies. tafth in our words. We do not to tausa you any harm. ''We assure you that once menace of Germany and Ital removed from you, we shall 1 ,;r ::~~;{al~go~e;our real to your self-interest and nati, ideals." �GRAND RAPIDS, MICH., MONDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1942 PRICE T~REE CENTS URRENDERS TO U. S.; YS FLEET IN ACTION *** • ,n *** Africa More Landings ;Are Made by U.S. Troops French Offer Little Resistance to Yanks ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN FRENCHNORTHAFRJCA (Monday)-(AP) -Lieut. Gen, Dwight D. Eisenhower today established advanced frontllne headquarters under the com• mand of his deputy, Maj. Gen. Mark Clark. A small moblle Threaten Jap a t BUlla B\ase \ _4 \ ~ Huge Air-borne Allied Forces Hack Path Tliroug h Jung Ie Somewhere in New Guinea-(JP) -Green-clad Arn.erican doughboys carried into the midst of Japanesecontrolled territory in probably the great'est air-borne infantry movement of history, hacked their way through dense New Guinea jungle Monday to within striking distance of the enemy's base at B~e~~- Douglas MacArthur's comd th A 1 : : ~ I~:an~~;~~~ceand !~str:it:~ veterans had penetrated to the Buna area after being transferred "You and your co d _ with the hopes and m~an sail America. For month piayers c,f planned, trained ands yo:T hav~ 1 yourselves for the great ~in toned GodspeE:d to your succ sk ahead. co~1plete confidence in ;~~r hav~ ship and in the ago-ressiv fl ead_f't quality of your tro~ps." e ghting Just how ma peditJon had be;: months the exspecified but 1·t planned was not kept until th s secret was closely bower's unifl : zero hour. EisenIestablished ;'so~mmand itself was said a war d ~t months ago," que earJy in t~~aid ment co.mmuninot be made publfc~Y, but 1t could fr~:n~u:!~~:fh~:.~e\~~d~i~~~~~:~ said the general situation was unchanged in the Buna area where Australians are making a front'al attack at Oivi, approximately 50 miles south of BUJ1a. The com.munique told of widespread allied air attacks on Buna, _Oivi, Salamaca on the New Gumea Coast, ~asmata on New Britain, Maklo island off the southwest New Britain coast, and Koepang in Timor. Ferried by huge transport planes to a natural landing strip, even bringing their jeeps, the Americans and Australians pushed afoot across the Owen Stanley mount?,_ins on a trail seldom used by whtte men. I f l I ~i:J!i:!abl:,~fl~an~!!m~~~; I edT~:~o~~u~~~~~ !;:~:~i!~~• rt Tr: .ap-1 enf ::~:fl Allied Forces Also Occupy Another Isle Near New Guinea ;~::s1e f:t~~i~ 1 in the knowledge that "the Jfopes and prayers of America" sailed with them, in the words of General George C. Marshall, chief of staff. !1:s~r~;~f~~~v:n~t and Algiers on the Mediterranean under plans long laid 8.I'ld With h t th t nounced Sunday night - "and other w~r;YF1~e~~~g resi:~~c:i:ed to deal landings continue.'' Disclosure of the· present part Further, said a communique, "the played by Doolittle, who led the lack of resistance encountered at most of the North African beaches" indicated that the French there "had no desire to oppose the entry of American troop's." la;"t1! :t~!~ ~:~h ~nygo AamsteAripcarn,.I, ,bvoams bmera·dera ind 0 1 1 "Our naval forces are in control," ~:!~l~~-ii;hi!;~enhower as comthe communique declared after noting that only the French navy units, LANDING COMl\lANDER commanded by British-hating AdCommanding the West African miral Jean Darlin, appeared to be landing is Major General George contesting the advance of the sub- S. Patton, colorful armored corps stantial American force upon which / commander who bears the se1·vice rests a hope of striking decisively nic~name of "Old Blood and Guts.'' at the point where the Axis appe"ars MaJor General Lloyd R. Fredenmost vulnerable in this global war ~all commands at Oran and Ma_ the European shores acroiss the Jor General Ma~·k ~- Cla1·k, depMediterranean from North Africa. 1ty ~~mmander-m-c~1ef, and Rear AIRFIELDS OCCUPIED mdamnduearl. HA.llKfl.vHe eawr1ett,1·nnatvhael1·rco4mo•s- I GENERAL MAC ARTHUR'S HEADQUARTERS, Australia, Sunday (jp) American combat troops are in action near Euna vit~l Jap base on the no1·th Ne..;. Gumea coast, Gen. Douglas MacArthur disclosed today. Simultan.eously, General MacArthur disclosed that the Allies have occupied Good Enough island to the northeast of New Guinea off <ioHYJ~ood bay, fo an ob;ious ~nking movement. It was from Buna, in mid sum~er hat the Japanese began a dfri ~ s s tortuous trails of the "tttanley mountains which cpr•'4 tp within 32 miles of Port ::!Jflrllb)c., Allied base on the south -b41.f9re _it was stalled. Late fp1. Sf.ptt;mbcr the Allies began .enj1 liag, and infiltration movements '1h1 h T01led the Japs back and ~turd y'.s communique had mentlo n;d ~jtter fighting at Oivi, which 1, 5... miles south of Buna. "Ai:nertean ground troops m force, transported by air from Austi·alia during the last month, have penetrated central and northe1·n Papua to the vicinity of Euna,'' a communiq!:!_e stated. "The Allied forces now control all of Papua except the beachhead in the Buna-Gona area." The surprising development came as a thrust around the eastern end of New Guinea from Milne bay where Jap troops landed in ~uly enly--to b~ pinned aplnst tlie I •n.~ s~ain or forced to theft' ships./ Units from Milne bay." ~ communique said, "hav~ now· completed clearing remr1:ant~ ef ·hostile forces from the. islands to the north and have ot:cupied 8.djacent strategic points." While this disclosure was being made, Austrtlian ground forces still were ieeting fierce resistance at Oivl where the retr~attng Japs are ma ing a stand. Today's communique (Said the Australians maintained cbnstant pressure and were resorting to their hitherto successful tactics of local encircling movements in efforts to dislodge the defen~d_e_rs._ _ _ __ <Jwe~: ~vh:~r it=~~~t~e~~re~nnn~~jocre~!~~ erals commanding in the three African theaters under Lieut. Gen. "Several important airfields have or early 50's. been oc_cupied by the United States At the same time the war departarmy air forces and the Royal Air ment announced that Lieut. Gen. .E.orce," the communique said, add- Frank M. Andrews, who had heading that the Rangers, hard-bitten ed the Caribbean defense comAmerican version of .the British mand, was given command Nov. "The establishment of the All" d Commandos, are taking part. 4 of United States forces operat~or~e ~eadquarters has marked ;~e Navy losses were listed as two ing with the B1·itish in the Midt~gmning of the offensive phase •lf small ships sunk in Oran harbor die East, which includes Iran, N:ti:n~r,.on tthe part of the Unitfid and one transport damaged. Iraq, Egypt, Syria and Palestine. clared ',.u 't e communique <leThe men aboard this transport; Andrews, an air force officer, (E · m Y of command in this under an unidentified commander displaced Major General RusselJ , uropean) th eater has long been "who refused to be idle" even L, Maxwell, an otdnance officer ~.uged by bo th British and Ame though his ship had been torpedoed, who was sent to that -theater on ~caasn leaders. That this comman~1· took to their landing craft and, the eastern side of Africa months for some time been a realit ', ~ome hours and 120 miles later, ago when the problem of amassing could not be released to the p b/ landed at their objective Sunday supplies there was the dominant beginning of the pre~et~~ morning. /problem, rather than actual flght-1 The operation opened at 9 THE COMMUNIQUE ,ng operations. (Eastern War Time) last ~j The communique, No. 234, said: Lieut. Gen, George H. Bre!t, w~o ;~hen t~e _troops started ashore fnd HNorth Africa: _commanded United Na.tio?s 8.11· e thril_hng news was broken to ''1. Landings by United States ~ s in the southwest Pac c . : th e public at that hour in an an.fl"\ _., on the Atlantic and Me'diter~ til las summer, succeeded Auctie:11~ ~~~ncemcnt from the White Hou:3e il'i.~'eh-m::t;tqrrerr,,y'tne---amt:etr in the Caribbean command, retarna war department communiStates army air forces an_d the , ing an air force ~n th.at wide a nd que. Royal Air Force. Ranger umts are vital theater which mcludes the of announcement's description i - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' I participating in the operation. Panama Canal. e expedition as a "powerful "3. The lack of resistance en- MARSHALL SENDS WISHES countered at most of the beaches Marshall sent a message to EisAmerican force" made it evidcn indicated that the French armed enhower as the big expeditionary ~hat Jt was _equipped to deal with forces in North Africa had no de- force left the British Isles which d:; ncRh resistance, although Presisire to oppose the entry of Amer- [os~ajl idL;_:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _J 1 ooseveJt and Eisenhowe ican troops into this tenitory. pealed to the French f r "4. The forces that landed during tion. or co-operathe night and early hours this .confident ~ttitude was apparmorning are advancing rapidly, and befo~; ththe national capita!. Eve,1 other landings continue. Resistance • t· e report came of the bre:i.k ppears to have been confined mainin re 1a 10ns with Vichy it ly to navy and coast defense arl erally understood th t' th was g~ntillery. Owing to the confused naAmerican attit d t a e offtcia! ture of the fighting, precise results t u e oward a formal rup ure would be one of indiffcrare not known, ence. Con~ressional JeadP.rs ex"5. Our naval forces are in conpressed satisfaction at the mTt , trol and suffered no losses, except 1 1 undertaking. aty for two small ships which entered Ft·ench. North African garrisons Oran harbor. e~t:rnated authoritatively but "6. During Saturday, one of our cia Y here at some 100 000 transports was torpedoed and distroops, indifferently equipped ' d abled. Our troops aboard, under a lar~ely lacking the mechani:~d commander who refused to be idle eqmpment which has played such during the operation, took to their _!. big _part in the British desert light Ian.ding craft and continu d f Nearing·Buna toward their objective 120 miles away, landing there this morning." DOOLITTLE IN COMMAND Brigadier General James H. (Jimmy) Doolittle of Tokyo fame is commanding the air forces which supported the American doughboys in their landings. Clark, WASHINGTON OP> - American forces smashing forward by land, sea and air along the shores of French Africa "are advancing rapidly,'' the war department an- I U. S. Troops ~/ cp~t, I ~•a I I j 7 �Battle Rages \\-~·'1-J... Retreating Japs Make Stand at Oivi, Fight Grows Decisive Gen. Douglas MacArthur's com• mand in Australia reported Tues• day that allied forces in New Guinea had inflicted heavy casual· t ies on the enemy in enveloping a J apanese position behind Oivi, 55 miles south lof Buna, Nipponese s upply base. . . Raking the enemy with maclune• gun fire and dumping loads of bombs on communication lines, allied fighting planes worked closely with ground troops, Gen. MacAr• thur reported. ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN FRENCH NORTH AFRI CA UP)The city of Algiers surrendered at 7 P. m. (3 p . m. EWT) Sunday night to the attacking American forces, paving the way for occU• pation of the surrounding defense area. The armistice at Algiers was negotiated by the French garri• GEN. MAC ARTHUR'S HEAD- :t~7n:e s~~;~. ~~t~~o1;:;~i:: ;~;~;a:f \ t heir farthest advance across the Owen Stanley mountains upon Port Moresby. Since Nov. 3, the Allied forces have been close to Oivi a n d, encountering stiff re•s istance on a scale they had not faced since the Japs began backtracking, called upon their planes and tried encircling and infiltration tactics to crack the Japanese defenses. While the ground attack moved cupation of the city at dawn Mon• day. with by British encountered naval un its at the two being dealt and American naval forces. Allied fighter squadrons immedi- the Jap's northeastern New Guinea coastal base on Euna near which American troops, aerially transported, already are fighting. Ammunition dumps were destroyed and heavy anti-aircraft guns were blown from their emplacements by planes which bombed and strafed the Soputa area between Euna and Oivi. captured airfields. Two of the bases taken over by U. S. army fliers and the RAF, the Maison Blanche and the Bleda airfields, were in the Algiers a rea. MONDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 1942 MacArthur's Men Creep Up on Buna GEN. MACARTHUR'S I be~:;~~~~ie, the advancing Allies ( have moved into the vicinity of Ilinow which is between Gorari and the n ortheast coastal base of Euna, Jess than 50 miles away. 1~~:;;dwe:e :!~~t~~t:eee~vyOiv~e~!:"~ ately started operating from the HEAD- QUARTERS, Australia (Monday) UP) American and Australian ground troops, converging on the strong Japanese beach-head at Buna, New Guinea, have joined forces and are continuing their !advance, Gen. MacArthur reported today. The Allied forces have been fighting their way toward Euna on the northeast coast of New Guineathe Australians coming directly over the Owen Stanley mountains, the Americans moving in from the south, through the steaming jungles. Having joined forces , they now Har~ jointly moving in to attack," the communique said. "The enemy, under command of Lieut. Gen. Tornatore Horri, now faces the Allies to the west and south, with the jungle and the sea at his back," the communique added. To the northeast of New Guinea, a strong formation of heavY bombers attac~ed Japanese shipping in Rabaul harbor. Bombers smashed directly on at least two ships, one of which exploded. Allied planes, raiding Buin, an enemy advance base on Bougainville island, destroyed eight ;-rounded aircraft and damaged many others. Numerous fl.res were started in supply and fuel dumps. u rday) UP)-Heavybombers blasted two light J ap cruisers and set fl.re to a transport in the same Buin• Faisi area of the north Solomons wh ere only yesterday four troopladen t ransports were bombed, the Allied high command reported today. Dropping down to with in 1,000 feet, in the face ,,llf heavy anti• 1 aircraft fire, the bombers also scored a near miss on a destroyer, left the 8,000 ton transport ablaze and cratered the runway of the Kahili airdrome, then got away safely. The same communique told of conti nued success of the Allied groun d troops fighting t h eir way t oward the northeast New Guinea coast. I n the Gorari area, where a Jap force was surrounded a n d annihilated earlier in the week, t h e bodies of five officers and more than 500 men have b een counted in the jungle. At Oivi, where another Jap force was pocketed, sev• 1 eral h undred additional dead h ave QUARTERS, Australia (Wedne'S• day) {/P)-The battle for Oivi, 55 miles from the northeastern New Guinea coast, between Japanese and A1lied ground forces now is approaching the decisive stage, the high command announced today. Heavy fighting is in progress at Oivi where the Japs elected to son commander and U, S. Maj. Gen, Charles W. Ryder. It provides for American oc- Heavy fighting was from several French and shore batteries ports, but this was G E NERAL MAC ARTHUR'S HEAD QUARTERS, Australia (Sat- \\-11·'1-~ (By A~i~f~1,r~s.) Surrender Paves Way for Occupation of Surrounding Area MacArthur Again Hits Japt•sfiips New Guinea Jap Casualties \ Are Heavy South \ Of Base at Buna · Algiers Taken by Uu S. Forces I r o!:dee::i::r ~?i:cew has 0 I been 0 sur- j \Allies Nearing Jap ~-~J?.f'J_Base MacArthur in Battle Field Closing Trap On Jap Base Yanks and Australians Combine in Drive; ,Superior in Air Directs Campaign to Drive Enemy from New Guinea Gen. MacArth ur Leads 1 T r oops in Onrush Aµ;ains t Bun a ~ - ' + ' -::i... \\ •1'1• '1'~ Gen. MacArthur's Headquarter s, Australia - \JP} - Converging col• umns of United States and Aus• tralian troops moved on the battered Japanese troops under Lieut. Gen. Tornatore Horii Monday f or a showdown fight for the Japanese base of Buna, New Guinea. The Japanese beachhead was steadily shrinking as the two columns of allied troops, now in contact with each other, ad\7anced to battle. Allied planes moved constantly overhead, attacking the retreating Japanese forces . The American and Australian forces met Sunday north of the Kumusi river. The Japanese now face allied forces to the west and south and have the jungle and the sea at their back, the communique from Gen. MacArthur's headquar• ters said. The advance was made difficult by heavy rains which caused . the Kumusi river to spread to a width of between 200 and 400 feet . Gen. Horii is k:nown as a special~ ist in landin& operations. The clos• ing of the American-Australian pincers put him in a new rolethat of directing a "back to the sea defense" in an area over which the allies hold virtually unchallenged air mastery. Flying Fortresses of Gen. MacArthur's command hammered at Japanese shipping at Rabaul, New \ Britain, Sunday night and scored direct hits on two !;ihips, one of which exploded, the communique reported. In addition, fires were started in a supply dump and dock area and eight explosions were ob• served by the flyers. I GE1'1. MAC ARTHUR'S HEAD- (By Associated Press.) I QUARTERS, Australia (Tuesday) \ UP)-Gen, Do~glas Mac Arthur has l taken the field himself to direct the Allied campaign to drive the J apan~se from their invasion b~se at Euna, New Guinea, the high command announced to~ay . . Allied forces are closing m rapidly on Euna, both from the west and from the south, and the enemy is steadily retreatingi the commu- ni1_~~e~ai:ghter planes and bombers are pounding incessantly at the fleeing Japanese. Heavy bo~b~rs also smash ed at enemy sh1ppmg in the Buin-Faisi area in the 11:orth• ern end of the Solomon archipelago, damaging a destroyer and a tr~~~eor~~mroander•in~hief of the southwest Pacific, Gen. Douglas Mac Arthur, with the advanced eschelon his headquarters, and the commanders of Allied land forces and air forces, Gen. Sir Thomas Blarney and Lieut. Gen. G;~_U. , Kenney, are personally conducting from the field in Papua," a spokes- I man said. ----- Led personally by Gen. MacArthur, jungle-toughened American and Australian troops Tuesday forged \'Jithin heavy cannon shot of Buna, ready to fight the Japanes_e for the key Papuan base or take 1t by default. The commander-Sn-chief of the southwest Pacific went into the field himself to direct the cam· paign and with him are Gen. Sir Thomas Blarney, his commander of allied land forces, and Lieut. Gen. George C. Kenney, his commander 1 of allied air forces. Australian patrols already have reached the vicinity of Awala, only 30 miles by tral.l from Buna, with Australian and American forces closing in rapidly from the west and south against a steady retreating enemy. Buna is the J aps only coastal toehold in Paula, but u.p the New Guinea coast they have strong• holds at Lae and Salamaua, some 150 miles away. American B25 medium bombers and A20 attack planes are teaming with Australian Beaufighters to strafe and bomb the retreating enemy around Buna and along the Kumusi river. Gen. MacArthur's presen ce testi• fied to t h e importance attached to the job of clearin g the ene)llY out f Papua. / I �GRAND RAPIDS, 1MICH., TUESDAY, NOVEMBER PRICE THREE CEN'l'ff 17, 1942 ONS BATTLE WON BY U.S. *** *** *** Ships Sunk; 7 Damaged ~--~ ~ -= 24,000: Nips Die; U. S. Loses 8 Ships - 1 By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS WASHINGTON - In the greatest naval battle since Jutland, United States forces have sunk 23 Japanese ships and thus smashed a tremendous enemy armada which sought to drive the Americans on .Guadalcanal into the sea, the navy disclosed late Monday. Backed by MacArthur's bombers, surface and air units of the navy destroyed 11 Nipponese warships and 12 transports and damaged seven other vessels in a three-day running battle, much of it a vicious, close-range duel in the darkness. The only American vessels so far reported sunk in the engage• ment were two light cruisers and six destroyers, and naval men here said they did not believe American personnel losses were extremely large. 24,000 JAPS KILLED? . But probably about 24,000 Japanese soldiers died when eight transports, part of a large force beaded for Guadalcanal, were sent to the bottom by air attack the morning of Nov. 14. Four others kept moving toward Guadalcanal, and may have sue• ceed~d in getting men ashore, since the Americans discovered four cargo transports beached at Tassafaronga the next day, and proceeded to smash them with a concentration of air, artillery and naval gun attack. However, only a fraction of the huge force dispatched by the imperial Japanese command ever reached the southeastern Solomans, and it seemed a safe assumption that this battle had clinched the American dominance of that area. ALLIED FORCES CLOSE IN ON BUNA- American and Australian forces have reached Awala from the west and American forces are piling in from the south to close in on Buna, the Japanese coastal base in Pa.puan New Guinea.a' Gen, Douglas MacArthur and his aides, Gen. Sir Thomas Blamey and Lieut. Gen. George Kenney, have gone into the field to direct the campaign to push the Japs into the sea. Some retreathtg Japanese took canoes and retreated along the Kumusi river, Allied warplanes strafed them. 126th 's Commander 0·1es 1n New Gu·1nea F·1nht·1nn "':11 ":I ------------their waiting soldiers ashore, they ceased firing and, in the restrained language of the communique "re-tired to the northward." ' Later during the day of Nov, 18, MAY TRY AGAIN American planes kept up a con-P;esumably, the enemy could tinual running attack on the dam.. gat~er anothe~ great force and :ry aged enemy ships still trying to ,•.gam, but with such staggermg limp away from the .scene of t,4e l ?sses to count it was thought un- fighting, and in the afton;loon the l.lkely )1.er~ that the Japs would planes discovered 13 ttansp,9.ilJ; c: ca to r1sk what strength they under heavy naval escort hta,d d h 1.ve lc(t io. a nev: attempt to re- for Guadalcanal fro~ lb& -l'fcini~ ta k• the strategic Guadalcanal of Bougain.vi.Ue jeJAnd. 260 miles t~ area. the northea1;1t. l ' Ev•n J. theCallaghan, death of Rear Admiral D;!intel beloved "Un- 8 TRA~•oRTs s uJ.,.n. cle .fJv!']" to many a navy man and T~P Warships moved up that a r ormer na.m1l aide to President- ni,;,;J.t and bombarf;led the American ,>ositions on Guadalcanal, but before the t1·a11sports could mvve up \\ - I t HINGTON }A"Pl n TM the morning of Nov. 14 they were Word was received in Grand of a Grand Rapids woman was Ya_nks rolled a natural on caught offshore by aircraft and Rapids Tuesday that Col. Law- reported dead Tuesday of w~unds Fritlay th0 13th• eight of them were sunk, leaving rence Quinn, commander of the received in action on the island of In the naval battle starting four-probably those found later at ' 126th infantry, made up largely of New Guinea in the south Pacific. that day ~hey damaged seven Tassafaronga - proceeding toward western Michigan men, had been He is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Jap warships and sank eleven. the island. killed in New Guinea. Louis Ambrose of Wayland and , Enemy warships in the GuadaJ.. Col. Quinn succeeded Col. Wil- brother of Miss Katherine Am• Roosevelt, in the furious, close• canal area were engaged again by liam Haze of this city in command brose of 206 Summer ave., NW. range engagement which opened the American fleet the night of of the 126th when the division was The sister had received a letter the three-day bai.Je in the early Nov. 14-15. Detailed reports on thia intraining at Camp Livingston, La. from Pfc. Ambrose a week ago morning of Nov. 13 could not fight have not been received in Col. Quinn was regarded by fel- from the south Pacific area in dampen the elation with which na- Washington, but the next morning low ol'f~cers _as a top-notch soldier. which he stated his outfit was 'preval officers announced the victory. the remnants of the battered Jap• !le enltst~d m the first World war paring to "move up." Relatives anese ~ e were found withdraw• 11 WARSIDPS BLASTED m Washington, D. C., and after received official notice of his death ing to"'t',._~nofth, and no reports of the close of hostilities continued from the war depal'tment. In a leng t bY communique, the any further action have come his mili~a~ career in the regular Pfc. Ambrose, who left two years ~:";hf:~c;~!ei!!1eeri:::iof:~c:ct~:~ through. 5 army, nsmg finally to rank of ago for active duty with the nacoloneI. tional guard, has a brother, Felix sunk a Japanese battleship, three JAP VS. U. S. LOSSES carriers _ . Pfc.' Joseph Ambrose, 20, farm Airl:brose,. on duty with the coast heavy cruisers, two light cruisers, The punishment dealt out to the th . . the first time smce ,yland and brother artillery m the east. five destroyers and eight trans- Japanese fleet in this battle e Pacif1c war started that their ports, and damaged a battleship brought the enemy's losses in the pre~ence has not been noted in a and six destroyers. Solomons to date, as reported by maJor_ engagement. The Japs had Preparations for a major at- navy communiques, to 35 ships 10st snc of the eight with which tempt by· the Japanese to recap-, sunk, 5 probably sunk and 71 damer:-ter~d the war before the ture the southeastern Solomons be- aged, or 111 vessels of all types h . fight_mg opened and may be came evident early this month, the sunk and damaged.. inavmg se~ious_ difficuly in replac• ,.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___. navy reported, when aerial reconAgainst this, the United States in~ them m view of their limited naissance revealed a heavy concen- has reported the loss of 24 ships ust al ca acit • tration of transports and warships sunk, including two aircraft car.. ' of the enemy fleet in New Britain riers and three cruisers, and at and the northwestern Solomons. least 5. damaged. In addition, the The huge expedition got under Austrahan cruiser Canberra was way the morning of Nov. 10, with sunlc while operating as part of the Japanese naval forces approaching naval force covering the initial Guadalcanal from the north, while American landings in the Guadalother detachments, including large canal-Tulagi area in August. 't-,._ . I The navy credited the army bombers of Gen. Douglas Mac Arthur's command with . supplying "great assistance" in the early phase of the Ioommg fight, by makmg repeated successful attacks bn the invasion fleet at RabauI and Buin, as, reported in communiques from Australia. Mac Arthur's aircraft also gave valuable aid afterthe naval actions developed. The Japanese expedition moved toward Guadalcanal behind a warship spearhea? of two battleships, wo heavy crmsers, four light cruisers and about 10 destroyers, which eached the American-held island sh1~rt~a:fi~:i:i!~ie~~~o~,o:ai!• the com~unique, to bombard navy. arme forces ashore in .p repara10n fo 1 I r a arge sea e landing from he following transports. The batle units moved to the attack in hree groups. APS FIRE ON JAPS However, instead of the easy conu~st they expected, they ran into m_ts of the United States fleet, h1ch engaged them at close range ~he darkness, not only landing 11mg blows on the Nipponese warips but creating such confusion the enemy fleet that before the ght was over two of the three i:t~t :i::::~!tw~!d ~:~:~~r~he ~~:r~ NO CARRIERS LISTED ican positions from Rabaul and t In detailing th e composition of Buin, where the enemy had been the enemy armada smashed in assembling its expeditionary forces. ~e ~~cent action, th e communique sigmf1can~ e tioned no aircraft �-~--e'fu.gan'sOwn roopsFlankAussies inFightinginNewGuinea'sJungle~ American 1oldler1-perhap1 Including Michigan troopo-who have Joined the Australians in a drive lo capture the Ja1, base at Bona in New Guinea are pictured above making their way through the tropical jungle• of the Island, They enjoy a rest period during a march, left, while native porters plod on with supplies. Drivlns a peep In New Guinea la considerably different, right, from speeding down an American highway, AMERICAN ACK-ACK 1'1LUl SKY- Anti-aircraft batteries of an American navy task force throw up a curtain of aek-acl< In repelllns • fourth attack on the aircraft carrier In the center by Japanese torpedo and dlwe-bomben In the battle of the Santa Crus Wanda In the Solomons Oct. :e. The circle upper left la a Jap bomber e"Plodlns, Circle upper rlsht, a lap bomber starta its dive. Circle lowv 1'16bt, divebomber ap-hins the carrier. Circle lower left, another Jap plane, The n&V)'-approTed capUan with 1h11 picture said flames of 11,r other planes lhot down are flllble en tile ho ud enen17 plane 11.1111 fallen close to the item of the carrier u the picture made. .... • the battle were a deatro:rer and aircraft carrier, but the Ja lleet wu for ed �*** Twin Drives Circle Buna \\...:....!..1:.1::i.. Yanks Gain From South as Aussies Close in From West ( By Associated Press.) Allied jungle troops Thursday advanced to within a few miles of the Japanese base of Buna, on the northeastern coast of New Guinea, while eight enemy destroyers prov.led offshore apparently in an j effort to support or evacuate the Buna defenders. American troops, moving northward toward Buna, were reported meeting no opposition as they pushed steadily ahead while Aus• tralian jungle troops, advancing from the west, reached a point 20 miles west of Euna. The Australians have reached the motor road sweeping up to Buna, after slashing down from the Owen Stanley mountains over the winding native trail which threads 120 miles across the island from Port Moresby to within about 25 miles to Euna. Bombers Hwtt' Destroyers. A communique from Gen. Douglas MacArthur's headquarters a.dded that Euna was being surrounded 1rapidly. United States Flying Fortresses flew through spotty weather in seeking out the destroyers, the allied communique suggesting the destroyers possibly represented a Japanese eleventh hour attempt to reinforce the Buna defenders. TI1e destroyers, appearing off Euna Wednesday, were divided into tv...o groups and apparently were playin g a grim game of hideand-seek with the American Flying Fortresses. Allied medium bombers continued to blast Japanese defenses and installations behind the lines while PORTLAND FLYER REPORTS IIlTS ON JAP SIIlP. Somewhere in New Guinea(lPl-Maj. H. J . Bullis of Port• land, Mich., commander of a bomber force which attacked Rabaul Monday, had reported Thursday that two direct hits were scored on a Japanese transport. other of MacArthur's planes battered the twin Japanese bases of Lae and Salamaua, 150 miles up the coast from Euna, as well as other bases in New Britain and Timar islands. Attack ~'Feeder" Base. Mediuffi bombers blasted the airdrome at Salamaua, damaging the runway and nearby !Juildings. Oth- ! e~f~~~~~ ;fn:J~~~f;r a~ra::ei;-:~; airdrome and adjar;ent buildings ii.nd instaJiations at Lae. New· Britain was attacked twice. Medium bombers attacked the airdrome, runway and plane dispersal areas at Gasmata, on the south coast 220 miles northeast of Euna, Flying Fortresses made a night attack on Rabaul, Jap "feeder" base for the southern Solomons operation'i, blasting airdromes and dispersal areas, -f CUINEA I 11-:)..• - '1'~ Japs at Buna in Last Stand· AlliesMove Nearer Buna \ \ - \k' Allied Bombers Sink Another Destroyer and Cruiser of Foe - ]MacArthur Is Closing In \\-\"l · 't ;,_ - 't";;,. MacArthur Forces 30 Miles from Jap New Guinea Base ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA, (Friday) ,{}.PJ-Allied land forces have the retreating Japanese in northeastern New Guinea with their backs against the sea between Gona and Buna while in the air bombers have sunk a Jap cruiser and destroyer, the Allied high command an• nounced today. "Our ground forces have - rapid.. ly closed in," the communique said regarO.ing the fight for conti"ol of New Guinea, "and now pin the enemy down in the narrow coastal strip from Gona to Buna. We are fighting on the outskirts of both places." Heavy bombers, using flares and 500 pound bombs, Thursday night surprised a J ap light cruiser and two destroyers seeking a rendez.. vous off Gona's shore with some landing barges. The cruiser and one destroyer were sunk and the other destroyer was damaged be• fore it fled. The Allied plan~s t hE!n bombed and strafed the barges. Japanese air units seeking to cov• er the naval forces were driven of with a loss of three Zeros. The land success, with Gen . ' Douglas MacArthur personally on hand for the killing thrusts, placed the Allies within grasp of their first importan t harbor on New Guinea's north shore. It brought nearer the climax of a drive across jungle trails of the Owen Stanl~y mountains which began late 1n September. Possessioil. of Euna would put the Allies within menacing reach of two other north New Guinea bases of the Japs, Lae an d Salamaua, and would place t_hem closer to the island of New Britain with iti! much bombed Jap base at Rabaul. - -- -- - ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Wednesday) UPI - I Ground troops un'der . pe-rsonal com- ! mand of General Douglas MacAr- 1 thur, who is in the field, have j moved closer toward the Jap-held port of Buna in northeast New Guinea while in the air Allied bombers ranged far to strike new blows, including hits on a large merchantman, the high command announced today. The ground troops, compl"ising Australians and Americans, last were reported within 30 miles by mountain trail a ntl probably close1· in cases where they were transported by air. The communique stated succinctly the advance "continues" while planes constantly attack the retr eating enemy. A raid by heavy bombers on shipping in the harbor of Rabaul, New Britain island, northeast of New Guinea, set a blaze the large merchantman last night. At Euin, in the Solomons northwest of Guadalcanal, medium bomberis last night started fires and explosions on the airdrome and destroyed three enerny aircraft. The enemy, aroused by the Allied pincer on Buna, sent its fliers to harass the advancing · troops. Allied bombers with a fighter escort surprised the Japs at Lae, above Euna on the New Guinea north coast, destroying seven enemy bombers and seven fighters in low altitude attacks. A Zm"o which attempted to intercept was shot down. (! Jap air forces made a feeble ef• fort on Thursday night to cover a light cruiser and two destroyers seeking to relieve the situation but the Jap fliers were driven off with a Joss of three Zeros. The cruiser and one destroyer were bombed a nd sunk and the other destroyer, damaged, fled the scene. Allies Striving to In Portuguese Timor, which the Japs have been reported re•en_forcPUS h J apanese Off ing their bases above Austraha as New Guinea Island their bold in New Guinea weak· "' -1... ened , Allied bombers made a sweep ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN over Manatuto and Baucij.U. Ra• AUSTRALIA (Saturday ) UP) _ baul 1 in New B!i_tain island, a Jap base whose position becomes more Heavy fighting is in progress for endangered if Buna falls, was visthe northeast New Guinea ports of ited by medium Allied bombers FriGana and Buna as Australians and day night which attacked enemy Americans, who reached the out- installations. skirts Friday, strive to ~ush the Other Allied aerial units attacked Japs into the sea, the high com- the airdrome at Kavieng, on New mand announced today. Ireland above New Britain. The tempo of battle rose to high _ ' })itch all along the coastal strip between Buna and Gana where the Japs are being forced back toward the shore. Japanese planes, whose appearances in the sector have been infrequent, have entered the engagement in an attempt to forestall what appears to be a growing disaster for the enemy. I Gona'and Buna Battle Rages I j Enemy Destroyers Off Buna May Try to Evacuate Forces ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Thursday ) {}P}-U, S. and Australian troops closed in on the Japanese New Guinea base of Euna today as heavy bombers streaked _ahead to attack eight enemy destroyers "maneuvering off the north coast, apparently in support of the enemy ground forces, " a communique announced. "The advance of our ground force's on Buna continues with forward elements now -;:losing in on their objective," the communique said. "Our medium units bombed enemy installations and positions. "An enemy naval force of eight destroyers, divided into two groups is maneuvering off the north coast, apparently in support of the enemy ground forces. Our heavy bombem are endeavoring to e nga·ge them." TRY TO SAVE JAPS? (There also was a possibility that the Japanese destroyers were a t Bu'na in an attempt to evacuate t h e remaining Japanese there. It was recalled that Japanese destroyers were used for that purpose to !Save the remnants of the smashed Jap1anese landing at Milne bay last summer on the southeastern tip of New Guinea). Gen. Douglas MacArthu r n ow ii in the field in New Guinea directing the Buna clean-up, In the air, MacArthur's bombera fanned out for widespread operations. Some bombed enemy installations and positions at Buna in support of the ground troops. CONTINUE AIR ATTACKS Medium bombers and twin-cn-gined fighters attacked the air• drome, nearby buildings and instal• lations at Lae, on the north New Guinea coast above Euna. On the same coast, medium bombers raided the Salamaua ai:-:drome. At Gasmata, on the i'Sland of New Britain northwest of New Guinea, medium units bombed t h e airdrome runway. At Rabaul, a lso on New Britain, heavy bomber• raided enemy airdromes last night . Northeast of Australia in Portu• guese Timar, medium bombers started fires among buildings occupied by the Japanese at Baucau and attack plane'S conducted a sfrafing sweep over Maobisse, a frequent Allied target recently. I �1 Enemy Losing Grip in Guinea ~~ /Tojo Stooges Changing Tune I (By Associated Press.) Japanese forces trapped in a narrow coastal strip in the Buna-Gona district of New Guinea were reP"' ted fighting back desperately ;1a:-J..1.C.Jj a~ -\.merican and Austra- lian ground troops moved in reONE ZERO SIGHTED, SAME SHOT DOWN, Somewhere in New Guinea(.lP)-From a morning reconnaissance flight over northern New Guinea, Capt. "Rabbit" Lonacre of Stockton, Calif., brought back this report: "One Zero attacked - two passes-one Zero shot down." His gunner, Sgt. Leslie Stewart of East Chicago, poured lead into the enemy plane and saw it explode barely 20 feet off the water. lentless]y to drive them into the sea or force their capitdation. One United States for1.. js within a mile of Bupa and engaged in heavy :fighting and another is attempting to wrest a landing field on the outs:!-cirts of the village from the defending Japanese. This second unit reported that it had rnet heavy machine-gun fire within 500 yards of tile field. Japanese fighter planes entered the fighting near Euna and seven Zeros strafed allied troops already under attack from light artillery and mortars. Allied observers said the Buna area also had been reinforced with anti-aircraft guns. Heavy fighting aJso is in progress at Soputa, about eight miles inland from the coast on the KokodaBuna trail. The main body of the Japanese forces, however, has been driven into. a t~iangular area bounded by a six-mile coastal strip between Euna and Gana and irregular lines running inland from these hamlets to Soputa. (By United Press.) Japane-se propagandists blar·ed a confused tune Saturday on the Solomons naval battle as Tokio newspapers quit trying to make the outcome a "victory" for Japan while- an official spokesman still I talked of the "disastrous" American setback. Apparently as muddled as was the Japanese fleet ·which lost at least 28 ships in the Solomons engagement, Tokio broadcast victory claims and admissions of ~ostJy losses in sequence. The newspaper Nichi Nichi acknowledged that Japanese losses were "by no means slight" and that Japan must "reconstruct where losses have been sustained and push onward toward victory." Regret Their Losses. "We regret that the lives of valiant fighting men were lost," it said. The newspaper Asahi, seeking to explain Jap losses, asserted the United States was trying to decide the issue of the Pacific war in the Solomons campaign and had thrown its "entire naval strength" into that area. Meanwhile Tomol<:azu Hori, official spokesman of the Japanese board of information, "revealed" that official quarters are "greatJy amused" by the American "communique of victory" and said it is a great pity the American people have been bamboozled into believing the Jap na~y has been crushed. I I Gona Entered; Buna Resists \l-),,lf--'t~ (Clim~~-~ears In New Guinea I . (By Associated Press.) A1l1ed troops, fighting a desperate Japanese force in the thick New Guinea jungles around Oivi whHe allied aircraft attacked th~ only remaining path of withdrawal for the enemy, are bringing their battle to a decision, Gen. Douglas MacArthur's headquarters announced Wednesday. The allied flyers flew up and down the line of Japanese supply between Oivi and Buna on the f northeastern New Guinea coast raking ammunition dumps and troops with machine-gun fire and ~~~~~~g gun positions and supply The communique repOrted that serious damage was inflicted on the Japanese installations and that ' ammunition dumps were destroyed, Many guns in the vicinity of the fi.ghting were silenced, the commumque said, and heavy anti-aircraft guns were blown from their empJacemenls. Severe casualties were reported inflicted on Japanese ground troops. MacArtlfur Whips Japs at Oivi; Foes in Irap lb:!. I- 't~ Japanese Propagandists Quit Claiming Victory in Solomons Clash Yanks, Aussies Pushing Jap Troops Back Toward Sea Capture of Second Airbase by Allies Expected Hourly ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Tuesday) UPl -The Japanese New Guinea coastal base of Gona has been entered by Australian troops, but the enemy still is putting up heavy resistance at Buna, 12 miles to the south, a communique said today. Supported by Allied warplanes, the Australian left wing of the Allied adva~entered Gona after several dayit°'of heavy flghting, then wheeled southward along the coast toward Sanananda, an intervening enemy-held point, in the attempt to link up with an American army drive from the south, ! The southern wing of U. S. troops occupied Cape Endaiadere in their advance to Euna, the communique said, without giving any details of the operations. The occupation of Gana now has deflniteiy pinned the remaining Japanese against the sea, and they face annihilation. 1 The communique made no men-'· tion of any further enemy ship- 1 ping off the coast in a possible attempt to save the land forces, the presence of Allied bombers in the area made any such enemy venture exceedingly risky, I GENERAL MAC ARTHUR'S HE-AD QUART E R S, Australia (Thursday) (lP) - Japanese forces have been routed at Oiv~-,and face entrapment while another enemy group at Gorari has been enveloped and destroyed in battles for control of northwestern New Guinea, the high .command announced today. As the climax of a week-long battle at Oi\ri, 55 miles southwest of the coastal base of Buna, Australian troops which have been battling their way across the Owen Stanley mountains, forced the Japs from their positions, inflicting heavy losses. But the Japs only course of retreat is into the hands of American troops which were flown by aerial transport to the vicinity of Euna. Allied planes were active near Jap coastal bases at Lae and Sala- • maua on the north New Guinea coast above Euna and also attacked ~~f!~=~ ~~j !~~opBi~;_centrations "The enemy was forced from his main positions near Oivi with heavy loss/' the high command announced. "His retreat has been blocked by our enveloping troops astride the main track and he is endeavoring to cut his way through to the rear. Simultaneously out forces enveloped and destroyed enemy forces trapped south of Gorari." Off Lae, Allied planes bombed a Jap destroyer last night but did not observe results. Off Salamaua, Allied planes shot down two out of four Zeros which attempted interception. Near Shortland island in the Solomons, Allied planes shot down two enemy fighters out of a formation of 10. \\_, i ........ a.- - y ank Troops in New Guinea Tell of Fighting in Jungles (By Murlin Spencer.) With United States Forces :;;ome• where in New Guinea-(JP}-Unit· 1 ed States troops fighting a Jung e battle over- what they say must be the world's worst battleground are taking everything the Japanese have in their full bag of tricks with comparatively few casualties. The troops edge forward cautiously because the Japanese are trlcky. For instance, one wounded Japanese lying among the dead was caught lifting a hand grenade, but a bullet in the head finished him, Corp. Clinton Brownell of Platteville, Wis., describes the Japanese as "big fellows, well - equipped, fighting from well-prepared positions in slit trenches, behind log barricades and some barbed wire." Use Sound Effects. The enemy stages a regular show with sound effects - firecrackers and shouting. The assault started at dawn Nov. 19. rrhe troops in the unit I was foJiowing first had 1o cross a deep stream. On the other side was a machine-gun nest, but the Japanese let the first troops cross before opening fire. Corp. Delos A. Leland of Alexandria, La., and Pvt. John Wilson o:! St. Louis stumbled on a machine gun and Leland was wounded by the first burst. "The bullet knocked me down and that was the first I knew the Japs were there/' said Leland. "I could hear Wilson crawling toward them, so I opened fire with my rifle. I could hear Wilson firing, too. We got four Japs, but I had to come back to the hospital." The first objectives were Cape Endaiadere, which juts out into the sea, and a Japanese airdrome about three miles south of Buna. Fight• ing was intense at both places. (Tuesday's communique from Douglas MacArthur's headquarters said the Americans had cap• tured Cape Endaiadere.) In the advance on the cape, th'e Japanese were pushed back into the comparative open of coconut trees and an American barrage from rifles and mortars killed at least 25 of the foe. Sgt. Charles F . Ester of Vyandotte, Mich., said the dead included Japanese officers. . It was in this action that Sgt, Vic Reigal of Marshfield, Wis., distinguished himse1f. He still is at -the front, but let Ester tell the story: "Our group ran into machineguns and pulled back, but Reigal sta,yed. When the Japs charged he got five with his tommygun. Reigal had a time getting back, but he made it." Other troops told of the deeds ot Sgt,. Chester Curley of Hamtramck, Mich., and a group of specially trained men he was leading. On the eve of the attack, these rangers crawled up to their positions and when morning came Cur• ley tossed a grenade into a machine-gun nest, getting four Jap• anese. Blacken Faces With l\Iud. Because of limited communica. tions between units, it is difficult to say who killed the first Japanese in action here, but among the first was Corp. Brownell who, while leading a patrol, spotted a Japanese walking across a vi1lage and cut him down with five shots. Our troops, who have gone into battle with faces and hands painted green or blackened with mud, have not escaped unscathed but fatalities have been comparatively few. Japanese marksmanship, they said, is not up to past performances. Maj. Parker Hardin of Charles• ton, Ill., who commands a mobile hospital unit believed among the first to go into the field of combat, paid high tribute to the men. "None of these boys who are broug,ht back here complain," he said. "They went up there as boys and they've come back ais men." �j • American Troops Hem Enemy On Three S·,des ~ lmlles north of Buna traveling at a .-1. An assa"ult- Ul)on B"una U. s. Bombers Are in Hot Pursuit of and 4 Destroyers ' N'.pponese Convoy proper] i~=~~'.~!. f~:.. 2. An attack upon Sanananda ! point nearby, where the Japanese ~i:~fr~·:~.~~do;t ~~e:e:r i~\:i r~r~;:~anse~~:;· The dispatch failed to say la which direction the convoy was moving but earlier reports said Japanese warships had been maneuvering warily offshore presumab1y for a long-shot chance to land reinforcements or rescue survivors of the badly mauled Japanese gar• rison. By DEAN SCHEDLER are dug in with good natural de1 fenses. 3. Australian patrol activity in the Gena mission area. The Japanese struck back savagely and some o! the fiercest figbt•r--- - - - - -~ ~ - - in~ of the enti~e N~w Guinea cam- the enemy anti-aircraft fire had pa1g~ was :aging m that obscure developed into wild, inaccurate tropical settmg. Gen. Douglas Mac- shooting of only mode)·ate inten• ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Monday)'=vr, Allied bombers have sunk a Japanese destroyer-which apparently was attempting to land troops at Buna, the enemy's base on the th t f N G • h nor eas coas! o . ew mnea w ere Australian and American forces are closing 1n, the high command said today. GUSIONEMAE"[~> E_RAmE eirN1·canNEd!Wve Arthur .is in personal command of sity. ur the Alhed forces, which Saturday The Allies pointed for an ear1y bombers plowed up the Japanese h~d , sent ~ne strong column to decision at Euna, for victory thei·e atrdrome at Buna Saturday during w1thm a mile of Euna. wou1d open the way for extension more than• 100 Allied aerial sorties Any hopes the cornered Japa- of their drive to eject the enemy aimed at softening up the enemy nese had of a getawa:y suffered a from his remaining New Guinea base for a knockout blow from sharp setback by clearmg weather, invasion bases directed at AusUnited States and Australian forces making it easier for Allied planes tralia. to. spot any da1h by enemy warBesides Euna, which the JapaSYDNEY, Australia - The capture of Buna, beleaguered Japa• closing in from all land sides. With American ~roops poised to ships towards the shore. nese occupied last Aug. 23, Salanese invasion base in New Guinea, by United States forces is seize the airfield lying on the outThe Japanese themselves were manaua and Lae seized farther up imminent, dispatches from the battlefront said Sunday night. skirts of Euna village, A-20 dive back in the air again after a. long the coast, last March 8, are the American forces were declared threatening the Japanese from bombers swept in from treetop level absence, an~ in Saturday dogfights main footholds held by the inthree sides, possibly indicating the enemy communications to in repeated bombing aid strafing two of their fighters were shot vader. An enemy excursion into H . Milne bay, at the southeastern tip Gona, 32 miles to the northwest, had been severed by the Allies attacks. Twelve tans of bombs and down: thousands upon thousands of . MaJor Don all .0 f Corpus Chris- of New Guinea, four days after closing in upon the Japanese caught in a steadily constricting rounds of ammunition were used in tt, Tex., led th e dive-bombe~s Sat- the Euna landing, ended in quick triangle with the sea to their backs. these and other assaults upon ene- u rd ay, diving t~ro_ugh intense ·d isaster for the Rising Sun. heavy caliber anti-aircraft fire. The Euna fighting has been along Late in the day, front dispatches said, a powerful Australian my defense positions. Allled possession of the airfield Their. ~ombs. ailenc~d on~ ack- a triangle, its base running along pat r o 1 temporarily penetrated . would decimate the remaining ack position wit~ a direct hit a nd the irregular shore between Euna Euna itself and inflicted heavy losses upon 'the Japanese defend- used !ts biggest mo~tars and. heavy strength of the badly depleted Jap- set off an .e~plos1on, apparently in and Gona and its apex extending machme gun fire m a f~tile at- 1 anese air force and apparently an ammunition ?ump, ~n the woods eight miles inland and pointing _ ers before retiring. . impotently now - toward the AlAmerican troops who almost sur- tempt to stem the American ad- woul'd seal the doom o! the enemy's east of the landing strip. scant foothold. ~n co-ordr::inated attacks B1~ly lied base at Port Moresby, once rounded the airfield at Euna's edge, vance. 2 A Japanese convoy -with four The powerful, co-ordinated Allied Mitchell B- ·~ bombers led_by MaJor threatened by the Japanese before cleared Japanese from their positions near Cape Endaidere, where destroyers was sighted about 90 land and air attack appeared Sun• Alex Evanoff of _Belle Plain~, Iowa, they were sent reeling back across the enemy, established in strength, day to revolve aroun'd four ele- ~~~bc:~s~:ld a~;~~~ed the airdrome the Owen Stanley mountains. ments, the first of which is the The major's pilots returning from : struggle for the airdrome, stu~ th . ft 1 1 1 f th d id bornly defended by the Japanese e1r na m ss on o e ay sa with heavy mortars. The others include: I Buna-Gona fNarrow Jap Climax~ear IA Sa.,n2.!i,.rG!.,~day THE JAPS Time was we sold our metal scrap Unto the little wily Jap. We even drained our tropic soil To fill his storage tanks with oil. Time was unto the wily Jap We gave our every chart and map. We even let him fish the sea Just where our Navy chanced to be. Time was we couldn't quite believe He kept a dagger up his sleeve, IAnd meant when vigilance grew slack I To spring Pearl Harbor's sneak attack. Now ma"ly, many years will lapse ' Before again we'll trust the Japs. Their cunning went a bit too far. We know them now for what they are. s . 'f d-.. Allies Battling Fiercely in Hand-to-Hand ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Wednesday) 00 Heavy fighting by both land and air raged today throughout the Euna-Gona sector of the northern New Guinea. coast where Japanese troops, trapped within a. constricting area by Allied forces and the sea, continued to fight bitterly to maintain a precarious hold on the beach. The Allied high command's noon communique said fighting in the Buna-Gona sector was accompanied by Allied bombing forays on JapaneEie plane bases on Timar, New Ireland and at J'..Ae, turther up the New Guinea coast. "Heavy fighting by Jand and air rages throughout the position,'' the communique said of the BunaGona area. Yesterday's communique reported the Allies had entered Gana, 12 miles up the coast from Buna, and were cJoslng in on the Jap's on1y remainnig foothold in the sector. The command reported heavy air units dropped 1,000-pound bombs, the most potential so far reported in use in the New Guinea fighting, on the airdrome runway at Lae, a J ap base northwest of Bun a from which the enemy could be sending aerial support to its beleaguered troops. That raid occurred Tuesday night. Allied planes raided Portuguese Timor. where the Japs recently have been reported sending troops and equipment. The Japs sent 18 enemy bombers for their first raid in force in some time on Darwin, Australia~ Tuesday night but the communique reported "no damage." I I Time was we let him roam about And ferret all our secrets out. He seemed so grateful and so glad, We showed him everything we had, ' Grip---1!.:.3. atBuna '.Allies Backing Jap Troops Into Narrow Pocket Toward Sea CLAPTRAP JAPAmerlcan .. born and educated CHARLES HISA,O YOSHil ls the moutllplece tqr all JJlpan••• broado..t1 In Eq\l'h· At t h e University of Or1,so11, whor, he went to college, he ls known &!I · the Yokahoma Yoko!. I Combat (Bv United Press.) American and Australian troops Wednesday were battling hand-to hand with Japanese desperately ' trying to hold the inner defense ring of their dwindling BunaGona beachhead in northeast New Guinea. Enemy casualties are heavy. The allied troops, assaulting an apparently strong defense line, are systematically silencing one cleverly concealed machine-gun nest after another, overpowering other prepared positions and cleaning numerous Japanese snipers from camouflaged nests. A communique from Gen. Douglas MacArth ur's headquarters sL.mmed up the situation in one sentence-"heavy fighting by land and air forca{l throughout the position"-~but there t\'as pvery irn:li· cation that the ""panese were waging a 1osing battJc. American forces, battering primarily at Buna, and t h~ Australians, concentrating on Gona and Sanana.nder, about five miles northwest of Buna, are making full use of artillery. The allies• big advantage, however, is air power. Allied bombers are continuously blasting Japanese huts, anti-aircraft positions, ar• ti11ery emplacements and machinegun nests. -------- �"Bat~an in Reverse" That's How American Officer Describes Yanks' \\-'l.."\·'1-.,__ Tough Fight in Guinea (By Don Caswell.) Men who have been out on advance patrols have given a vivid description of the fighting that Somewhere in New Guinea-(U,P.) -The American thrust against goes on in this overgrown stretch of fertile tropical soil. One of Buna along the northeast New them said: Guinea coast, where the allies had "First you come to machine-gun hoped for a quick and easy victory, nests just off the trail. You have has turned into a serious cam- to stick'. to the trails pretty much paign against a stubborn and because the jungles are so thick. skilled Japanese defense. "Three or four Japs may let a ·, 'This is turning into a tough couple of hundred troops go job," the commander of the Amer- through and wait for the officers. 1 ican forces said Friday. 'It is like They kiJl as many as they can, a miniature Bataan in reverse-a then throw firecrackers and morsmall, well-developed defense force tar shells all over the place, makholding off a more powerful of- ing you think the woods are full fensive. We will have to dig 'em of them, then try to slip back to out of their holes Jap by Jap, tree their lines. The only way to find by tree, machine-gull nest by ma- the nests ls by working in twos or chine-gun nest." threes with plenty of covering fl.re. \Veil Entrenched. Leave No Marks on Trnf':s. The Japanese have these points "The men up front draw the fire in their favor in the fighting and we blast the nests with grearound Buna: nades, tommy-guns and mortars. 1. Tlley are well entrenched with "But when you chase them out a deep chain of machine-gun nests of their nests they go up the and pillboxes, some with concrete trees, strap themselves tight and walls covered with foliage which throw grenades or snipe at us. blends them into surrounding thick They have rubber grips on their jungle growth. shoes for climbing trees without 2. A better knowledge of the leaving marks. trails, terrain and artillery ranges. "The best thing we could have up 3. Their defenses are manned by here would be lots of shotguns, to fresh reinforcements. These men clean them out of the trees." apparently are well-ti.ained and One thing has been learned about strongly equipped. that air superiority of which all 4. Jipanese tactics fit perfectly the experts talk so glibly-the side the terrain around Euna, which is which happens to have the planes covered with lush jungle growth, overhead riggt now has air supericoconut groves and kirakira grass ority. Fighter cover is fine but growing eight feet tall. ?urs has to come from the other side of the jsJand and the fighters can't hang around. The other day our area got a fine sample of air warfare by seven Zeroes and three Japanese dive~ bombers which gave our village an artistic lacing. [ Australian veterans who had been through the war in Greece, Crete and north Africa said it was i "neater" than anything they ever got from the Germans. Those dive~bombers were good! They put the heavy stuff "down the rain barrel," and big jagged chunks of bomb casing snipped off coconut trees a foot from the ground, while small pieces whizzed through the weeds around my slit trench. The concussion made my clothes balloon out as I lay flat in 1 the trench, praying the Japanese would run out of bombs. (United Press Slat! Correspondent.) 1 'I - 't· 't t. NEW GUINEA MOUNTAINS SCENE OF JAPS' JUNGLE DRIVE In the jungled mountains of southeastern New Guinea (Papua) Jap troops have passed the peaks of the Owen Stanley range and threaten a downhill drive to Port Moresby from their positions at Efolgi, Myola. and Kokoda. This map shows the mountains, jungles and slopes in this sparsely~settled area. Only a few native villages lie on the 50 miles of hilly road between the enemy and the great United StatesAustralian base at Port l\foresby. j WHERE THRUST HALTS Australian troops Were reported Monday to be holding the Japanese advance toward Port l\Ioresby though fierce figh,ting still was raging in the Owen Stanley mountains. Broken lines indicate the route of the enemy attack. MacARTHUR ALIGHTS-GEN. DOUGLAS MacARTHUR steps from his plane at an advanced aUied base somewhere in New Guinea where Americans '. and Australians are battling the Jai,anese in the Gona-Buna sector, l>·o 0 • 't.,_ �GRAND RAPIDS, MICH., THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 26, 1942 MAC ARTHUR SMAS SHIPS LOADED WIT HES 3 JAP ~ TROOPS Allied Air Attacks Balk Enemy at Buna 1 Tw·o Foe Destroyers Sunk, One Other Is Damaged by Bombers ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Thursday) UP)-Heavy and medium bombers operating under General Mac• Arthur's command smashed a Japanese attempt to land rein• forcements at Euna yesterday, sinking two enemy destroyers and damaging a third, apparently all heavily loaded with troops, Allied headquarters announced today. A Japanese light cruiser and a fourth destroyer also in the TREE-TOP SNIPERS CO;\1E DOWN TO EARTH- II - -.'1 ~ 'I- .._ action beat a hasty retreat from the northern New Guinea shore "Go climb a tree," was meant literally when the command was gh·en Jap soldiers by their officers under the heavy Allied pounding, carried out in darkness by on Guadalcanal. United States marjne sharpshooters, howe\"cr, brought the nimble climbers down planes which first dropped flares and then blasted their lighted even more rapidly than they went up. Note s1>lit-tocd tree-climbing shoes on prisoners in lorctargets with 500-pound bombs. 1round. (Marino corps photo.) This latest success was announced in a noon communique which disclosed that the fighting on land, continuing heavy, is slow and difficult in "low, tropical jungle, interspersed with swamp and tidal creek," and that lhe Allied troops "are now encountering carefully prepared positions strongly fortified with barbed wire, dugouts and all the defensive attributes of a fortress." The destroyer damaged off Buna probably also was sunk, headquarters said. STORY OF BATTLE The communique told this story ot the air battle against the enemy ships: "Enemy naval forces under cover ot darkness again attempted to land reinforcements to the beleaguered garrison but were shattered and repulsed and the attempt was unsuccessful. 1 'A light cruiser and four destroyers made the sortie. Our heavy and medium bombers intercepted with flares and 500-pound bombs in Huon gul! and sank two destroyers with direct hits and sever.el am.aged a third. "'Thls latter was dead in the waler for 25 minutes and then was seen heading for land at a speed ot six knots. It is probable she also sank, as our !ear air cchelon.s searched her possible area of position without seeing her. LOADED WITH TROOPS "The ships were apparently heavily loaded with troops and those on the destroyed units undoubtedly were lost. "The light cruiser and the remaining destroyer fled to the north." On Nov. 19, dropped flares disclosed a light cruiser and two destroyers in a similar sortie. The MacArthur bombers sank the cruise,: and one destroyer and damaged the other ship. Nov. 22, another Jap destroyer was bombed and sunk. Today's communique also told of additional Allled air raids on Portuguese Timar and of two raids by Jap planes on Port Moresby, the southeast New Guinea Allied base from which the land push over the Owen Stanley mountains toward Buna began late last September. The Jap bombs intended for Port Moresby dropped harmlessly in the brush, the noon com! munlque stated. I ----- It took tJ11, old rellablo mu1clR power to mo\.'e £'Uns througlt the d,nse jun1JR H th~ Au1&i~s pursued the Japs acros8 the Owen Stanley mountains in New Guinea. Here a &"Un crew atruggles with a 25-pounder. The allies now have reachf'd Buna, principal Jap base. I �Fierce Jap Stand Stalls Buna Push Allied Troops Creep onBuna laps Slron-g Before Buna \1-1,-+.._ CLASHING IN SKIES Yanks Face Tough Job Dislodging Them, Gain Only by Feet (By Associated Press.) Reinforced by strong and well- equipped marine units, Japanese troops crammed into the narrow Buna-Gona beachhead are holding their major positions in the By nmRLIN SPENCER face of daylong air assaults and steady but slightly abated pressure from allied ground forces. Comparatively meager official reports from the New Guinea front Friday disclosed little geographical change in the battle picture in the last 24 hours. But a check on the Japanese dead confirmed earlier indications that the enemy, despite .severe blows by Gen, Douglas MacArthur's aerial squadrons, had succeeded in bringing reinforcements into action. Seven Ships Sunk. Since the night of Nov. 19 United States and Australian bombers have sunk a Japanese cruiser, four desrtoyers and two ]anding boats, have heavily hit and probab1y sunk a fifth destroyer and damaged another moving toward the 12•mile beachhead. A dispatch from the New Guinea f:ront said fanatical Japanese resistance and "beautifully•placed defense positions" confronted American troops. Maj. C. M. Beaver of Yankton, S. D., commented that "whoever said the Japanese can't fight defensively are crazy." "The Japanese are in there to stay until we kill them," he said. ''They have had a long time to prepare for our drive and they have made the most of it. It may take a long time to dislodge them, but we will lo it." Sky Battles Raging. The allied headquarters communlque Friday said some Japanese dead bore marine insignia and markings "indicating special landing forces of shock troops.'' The new uniforms of the Japanese marines and their excellent physical rondition provided further evidence that they had been landed recently in the frequent sorties off the north coast. Attacking allied air units were out in force throughout Thursday1 but so were Japanese planes. Formations of Zero fighters and allied bombers and fighters worked in relays over the narrow battlefield, interrupting low-level attacks occasionally for dogfighting. Six Zeros were said to have been j shot down against a loss of three United States and Australian planes. Twelve Japanese bombers raided the Australian port of Darwin and its airdrome overnight, but the cc-.mmunique reported that damage was slight. I I WITH THE AMERICAN FORCES SOMEJWHERE IN NEW GUINEA {Delayed) UP>-Fanatical Japanese resistanu and "beautifully placed defense positions" are confronting American troops in their drive to uproot the Japanese from the rain-soaked jungle defenses guarding the approaches to Buna, but the Americans are determined they· will drive out the Japanese in the end. It is becoming increasingly apparent that the task of knocking out the Japanese on the Papuan peninsula strongholds of Euna and Gona is more difficult than the observers anticipated .at the start. The Allled advance has been tortuously slow, measured in feet and yards, not miles. JAPS CAN FIGHT "Whoever said the Japanese can't ftght defensively are crazy," said Major C. M. Beaver of Yankton, S. D . "I've seen the Japanese defensive positions and they are beautifully placed, "The Japanese are in there to , !tay until we kill them. They have had a long time to prepare for our drive and they have made the most of it. It may take a long time to dislodge them but we will do it." Our airforce has been performing heroic . work in covering our troops but, operating from a base some distance from the battle lines they are unable to be there all the time and the Japanese Zeros and bombers are taking advantage of the lapses to strafe and bomb. Australian artillery is attempt~ 1ng to blast the Japanese out of Cape Endaidere, where the Japanese are resisting the advance of the Ameircan unit I have followed. WOUNDED YANKS The front is not more than 200 yards wide here, but the savagery of the fighting is shown by the long lines of American wounded coming back. The cape juts into the Pacific. It is heavy jungle up to the 300yard tip, which has a shoulder of high vegetation where the Japanese have constructed machine gun nests, hidden by undergrowth. So well entrenched are the Japanese that it is necessary to take the gun positions one by one. This is the land in which the Americans are waging their first big-scale ground action in the southwest Pacific area since the Philippines. IT'S A GRIM FIGHT For seven days they have been battling under the worst possible conditions, It has rained five nights of the seven since they moved into the front lines. They have eaten cold food day aftc·r day. Behind them other soldiers are trying to supply a modern army with methods a century old. Small coastal boats which run in defiance of the Japanese air force are unloaded by outrigger canoes and canvas rowboats. The wounded, loaded into the coastal boats by the same canoes and rowboats, don't complain. Here is the Thanksgiving dinner menu on this front: Bully beef and biscuits. In seven days with these troops I have heard no complaints; only a determination to finish the job. 1 11-,l_K·'t:J.... ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Sunday) (/P) - Riscking the deadly },tombs of Gen. Douglas MacArthur's planes, Japanese naval force again is m aneuvering off the New Guinea coast neat Buna wh ere theh- ground forces have been pinned against the sea the high command announced t;o.. Australians and Yanks Inch Forward Under Heavy Fire \\ • a.'\ - 'I-..,_ Reinforced Foe Troops Battle Desperately to Hold Positions YankFliers R~l4)~P Base By LEE VAN ATTA UNITED NAT ION S HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Saturday) - (INS)-Fierce Japanese counter-attack in the BunaGona area 10f northeastern New Guinea were repulsed with heavy losses Friday by slowly advancing American and Australian troops, it was officially announced today. Inching forward in the face of concentrated Jap fire, Allied troops are making steady progress against the desperate resistance of the enemy garrison holding the tiny Buna beachhead. Throughout the day artillery duels, punctuated with screaming strafing planes of both the Allied and enemy air forces, made the 40square-mile battle strip an inferno of steel. JAPS REINFORCED Crack Japanese marine shock troops that have reinforced the Buna garrison sustained heavy casualties in futile counter-attacks against Allied forces throughout Friday, the communique revealed, while Allied air forces again dominated the skies over Buna. Marauding B-26 an d attack bombers assisted the Yank and Aussie groun,d troops in repelling two Japanese attacks during the day. Meanwhile, a new and significant development was reported at Huon gulf with the announcement that Allied air units had bombed an enemy submarine there. Thi! is the first time a Jap undersea raider has been reported in waters near Lae and Salamaus.1 and it was interpreted as an indication that the Japs may be . endeavoring to cut off Allied sea lanes, to the Papuan coast. 40 MILES OF FIGHTING An official spokesman said fighting on the northeastern New Guinea coast has been reduced to an area only 40 . miles square, embracing the . coastal sector just south of Bu;na to a po:int near Gona-which ts not yet conquered although occupied by Australian forces - and as far inland as a point near the Soputa crossing. Elsewhere on the South Pacific front Friday, B-25 bombers raided the Lae airdrome and raked dispersal areas with strafing fire, while flights of Hudson bombers and Beauflghters ranged against Timer, smashing at installations in the Novalusa and the Beco secton. Port Moresby, Allied base on the south coast of New Guinea, waa raided by three Or four Jap planes Friday night but their bombloadti dropped 'harmlessly into the bush fringing the town and airdrome, it was announced. · day. By JOHN M. HIGHTOWER _WASHINGTON (JP) - American aircraft, !Striking heavily at Japanese bases in the northwestern Solomons, were reported by the navy Saturday to have destroyed all buildings in the Munda area of New Georgia island and blasted the Kahili airdrome on the island of Bougainville. I I I I GUADALCANALMOFUP WASHI NGTON UP) - Amer ican ground troops on Guadalcanal tsI 1and spent Thanksgiving day mopping up isolated Japanese p_a trols, the navy reported Friday, and Secretary Knox declared that tp.e situation in the southeastern Solomon islands "looks very well.'' The secr etary reiterat ed at his pre,'s honference his belief that the enerny would mak e another attempt at reconquest of the islands, but he said that at the moment interest centered on the cam~ paign in New Guinea where the fighting is "very stiff'' and "our progress is pretty slow, as it would be under the circumstances." The Japanese on New Guinea, he explained, have been pinned back close to the coast around Buna but have dug themselves into strong positions so thoroughly that very stiff fighting has resulted. . Ground operations around American positions on Guadalcanal island were limited to local t:;kir1:1ishes. In a series of these a.-;., hons our patrols killed 50 Japanese and captured a number of machine guns Friday about six miles west l ~;q~~e s!:.erican airfield, a commu';['wo enemy bombers made the third straight night nuisance raid on American positions on the island Friday night. They dropped bombs n.ear the mouth of the Lunga river, but caused no damage. FOE LOSS HEAVY !n contrast with this greatly curtailed enemy activity, the result of smashing blows dealt the Japs in tht Solomons earlier this month was a rep.ort made here Saturda; by a marine combat engineer on the first two months of the American occupation of Guadalcanal. Capt. Walter R. Lytz said the airfield was repeatedly and accu- , rately bombed while he was there, alt.hough damage was quickly repaired; that day and night aerial attacks and night naval bombardments were frequent and that the Japan?se on land were constantly punchmg at the American lines so j that t~e engineer~ completing and extendmg the airfield sometimes had to fight all night and then work all day, I Saturday's communique, like all ?th~rs issued in the last two weeks, 1 rndicated that the Japanese have been enfirely on the defensive, excep_t for nuisance activity, since their greatest effort at reconquest of the southeastern Solomons was crushed by American air and naval power two weeks ago. That they are collecting for another big push, however, is gener. ally accepted in high naval quarters here and it is this fact that gave special significance to the destructive aerial attacks on Munda and Kahili-ba'Ses which the Japs would use in gathering their ships, planes, men and sup~ plies for their next try. Lytz, talking with reporters at the navy department, said that enem)'.' casualties -were very much higher than ours because the Japane'Se never let up when they try to take a point until they succeed or die. "Jap soldiers are either courageous or crazy," he remarked. "In a fight they're hell. "They rush a position at night, screaming. You shoot the hell out of them and they keep on pushing in. Their snipers get in the trees sometime'S and stay there for days.'' I I I �HES 3 JAP rl TROOPS Allied Air Attacks Balk Enemy at Buna Tw,o Foe Destroyers Sunk, One Other Is Damaged by B·ombers ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Thursday) (}P)-Heavy and medium bombers operating under General Mac:• Arthur's command smashed a Japanese attempt to land rein• forcements at Buna yesterday, sinking two enemy destroyers and damaging a third, apparently all heavily loaded with troops, Allied headquarters announced today. A Japanese light cruiser and a fourth destroyer also in the. TREE-TOP Sl\'IPERS COME DOWN TO EARTH- \I• :i.i• 4--,_ action beat a hasty retreat from the northern New Guinea shore "Go climb a tree/' was meant literally when the command was given Jap soldiers by their officer! under the heavy Allied pounding, carried out in darkness hy on Guadalcanal. United States marine sharpshooters, however, brought the nimble climbers down planes which first dropped flares and then blasted their lighted even more rapidly than they went up. Note split-toed tree-climbing shoes on prisoners in foretargets with 500-pound bombs. 1round, _(Marine corps 11hoto.). This latest success was announced in a noon coIIl:munique which disclosed that the fighting on land, continuing heavy, is slow and difficult in "low, tropical jungle, interspersed with swamp and tidal creek,'' and that the Allied I troops "are now encountering carefully prepared positions strongly fortified with barbed wire, dugouts '· and all the defensive attributes of a fortress." The destroyer damaged off Euna probably also was sunk, headquar·ters said. STORY OF BATTLE The communique told this story of the air battle against the enemy ships: "Enemy naval forces under cover o! darkness again attempted to land reinforcements to the beleaguered garrison but were shattered and repu1sed and the attempt was unsuccessfu1. "A light cruiser and four destroyers made the sortie. Our heavy and medium bombers intercepted with flares and 500-pound bombs in Huon gulf and sank two destroyers with direct hits and sevet:,ely....damaged a third. "'Tb~ latter was dead in the -water for 25 minutes and then was .. seen beading for land at a speed of six knots. n is probable she also sank, as our r ear air echelons searched her possible area Of position without seeing her. LOADED WITH TROOPS "The ships were apparently heavily loaded with troops and those on the destroyed units undoubtedly were lost. 1 "The light cruiser and the remaining destroyer fled to the north." On Nov. 19, dropped ' flares disclosed a light cruiser and two deStroyers in a similar sortie. The MacArthur bombers sank the cruiser and one destroyer and damaged the other ship. Nov. 22, another Jap destroyer was bombed and sunk. Today's communique also told of additional Allied air raids on Portuguese Timor and of two raids by Jap planes on Port Moresby, the southeast New Guinea Allied base from which the land push over the Owen Stanley mountains toward Buna began late last September. The Jap bombs intended for Port Moresby d1·opped harm' Iessly in the brush, the noon communlque _s_ta_te_d._ _ __ I TOUGH GOINGII- a.S- 'I-;,_ It took the old reliable nm1cle power to move i;:um1 through the dense junrle as the Auaaifll pur• sued the Japs across the Owen Stanley mountains in New Guinea. Here a gun crew 1trug1Iet with a 25-pounder. The allies now have reached Buna, principal Jap base. �Knock Out 21 Jap Warplanes \~-..-'tl.-Yank Flyers Fire Foe Base in Timor, Sink Barges Off Gona (B\· United Press.) Twenty-one more Japanese planes were out of the war in the south Pacific area Friday, all destroyed on the ground in Timor, as bitter ground fighting continued in New Guinea. Gen. Douglas MacArthur's air force Thursday night made one of its most successful raids on the enemy's air base at Kupang, Dutch Timer, leaving 18 Japanese bombers and 3 fighters damaged or destroyed, with smoke from the burning fu el dump bilJowing 1 1500 feet into the sky. The air force also sank two i barges of Japanese troops off ' Gona. Lieut. J. Dennett of Sydney, who led the raid on Kupang, said the Japanese were surprised and did not have time to man anti-aircraft guns. Fires Visible 50 l\Iiles. Fires from burning aircraft and fuel dumps were visible for 50 miles as the raiders left. Allied forces on New Guinea Friday were wiping out more enemy machine gun nests and snipers on the fringe of Japanese defenses around the Buna mission and at Sanananda point. Australians who have narrowed the enemy position at Gona, northwest of Buna, to the point where it extends only 200 yards from the beach. captured two strong machine gun positions Thursday. killing 10 Japanese. G. R. Sold·ier Has Slug from Leg as Souvenir 11•30•'1->-. SOMEWHERE IN NE,W GUINEA (Delayed) UP) -Wounded American dougb.boys came out of the jungle battleground near Euna Saturday and they all expressed the same idea - to get back into the field again and take on the Japanese. Corp. Louis Carpenter of Ronson, Mich., displayed a tobacco can which, be said, had saved his life. "I felt a bullet whang into my side with a sharp bite/' Carpenter said. "It glanced off this can and cut a nick in my arm." Sergt. •Richard Misner of Grand Rapids, Mich., proudly displayed his souvenir - the end of a small caliber slug which doctors had removed from his leg. Misner said he was on the Soputa trail headed for Buna when bullets started whizzing around him so fast from both sides he didn't 1 know he was hit until his leg gave way. The next thing he remembered was waking up in the morning and finding the bullet tied around his neck. Another Michigan boy, Private Raymond Worst of Coldwater received shrapnel wounds in the shoulder in the fighting around Cape Endaiadere. Richard Misner is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Roy Misner, of 4027 W River rd., Comstock Park. I DECEMBER I, 1942.- Japs Do 'Suicide' Dives [on Ship~,-~en All's Lost PushAttackr, lnGonaArea ! Allies Seek to Widen Wedge Splitting Jap Forces DESTROY By CHARLES M'MURTRY WITH THE U. S. FLEET IN THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC UP) -Jap suicide divers? No! Crash divers, yes-plunging their planes , into our ships after their own fate already is sealed. Afire and knowing they can't save themselves, these smart little monkeys inflict the greatest damage possible before they die. It is a first rule ot war. But suicides-never. The pilot or a furiously-burning BARGES (By Associated .P ress. ) With only a matter of yards separating the Japanese and allied lines in the jungle, savage fighting flamed on the left flank of the New Guinea battlefront Tuesday. A spokesman for Gen Douglas MacArthur said th e fighting was "c1ose in" and particularJy heavy on the Gona end of the 20-mile strip of beach which represents the sole Japanese foothold left in Papua. In reaching the beach, allied patrols have driven a wedge between Gona on the west and Buna on the east. The allies Tuesday were using heavy mortar fire to destroy Japanese me.c;hine gun posts in the Gona area. Reports from New Guinea said artillery hits had destroyed four barges and started towering fires among stores around Gona. Destroy Nine Jap Planes. Allied flyers actively supported the ground units and, carrying the air battle to the Japanese with smashing blows, destroyed eight Zero fighters in the New Guinea area while anti•aircraft fire accounted for another over Darwin, Australia. In the biggest of the day's sky conflicts, a dozen American P40s and an equal number of Japanese Zeros tangled in dogfights over the Owen Stanley mountains and along the coastal jungle strip where the ground forces are locked in combat. The American fighters blasted seven of the foe's aircraft out of the sky. They lost two of their own planes, but the pilots were saved. Another Zero fell the victim of the guns of a Flying Fortress over Vitiaz strait, off the coast of New Guinea between it and New Britain. I (The following story was written by Charles McMurtry, Associated Press correspondent wounded when a Japanese plane crash-dived a U. S. carrier which the navy announced was sunk in an October engagement in the Pacific.) Tighten Ring on Buna~s .a\1. ~ Enemy Atte ting Reinforcement; 4 Destroyers on Way ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA, (W..dnesday) uP) Americans and Australians slowly drew tighter their ring of men and steel around the entrapped Japs at Euna in northeast New Guinea and the enemy, aware of the growing peril, is sending four destroyers in a n apparent reinforcement attempt, the high coinmand said today. . Having divided the .lap forces at Buna anU, Gona by penetrating to the north coast 900 yards fro:n 1 Gana, "our ground forces are slow- 1 ly contracting their grip on the enemy," Gen, Douglas MacArthur's noon communique stated. Even as the advancing Allies pushed the Japs closer to the sea supporting planes pressed horn~ deadly straffing and bombing attacks. An enemy dive bomber and two fighters were shot down. / The approach of destroyers has been a signal in the past to watch for attempts at reinforcements. Similar attempts already have cost the Japs a light cruiser and four destroyers certainly sunk and three others. probably sunk as a result of Allied aerial bombings. I I Japs Use 'Chutes I to Aid Trapped Buna-Gona Units 1:>..-s- 't:l. ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Saturday) (AP)Hard•pressed Japanese, apparently :finding too costly in ships their repeated attempts to aid trapped forces in the Buna-Gona ' area, w~re reported today dropping supplies by parachute in an aerial attempt to relieve their beleaguered comrades. The noon communique told of mopping up of pockets of opposition left behind by the Allied spearhead which fought its way to the coast near Gona and then turned toward Euna. More than 400 enemy dead have been counted. In addition, an estimated 40 Japs drowned · when two large barges were sunk from under them by bombers of Gen. Douglas MacArthur's air force. The fighting in sectors other than around Gana was ref . . rred to as intermittent. I Jap Women Fight Along w,ith Men on I>..Guadalcanal ·I· Y.;,... AKRON, Ohio UP) - Uniformed , Japanese women have participated in the Guadal"canal campaign, Marine Corp. Richard Fraley reported Monday. "Sdveral time our gunners have picked off Jap snipers in the trees in the jungles, only to find that 1 they were women in unif&rm/' de' clared, F1·aley1 heme on turlougb after- 56 hectic days of fighting in the Solomon islands. "Once a bomber crashed near us and, when the boys ran to the scene , of the wreck, they tound a Jap girl lying nearby, dead and with her , uniform partially blown off. They thought she might have been the bombardier or wireless operator.'' I Jap plane baa only one questionwhether to fall harmlessly into the ocean or to crash-dive a ship knowing he'll set it aflame and perhaps strike a disabling blow. There's only one answer-to crashdive. So crash-dive he does. ,Five Japs tried to crash-dive our carrier Oct. 26 in the Santa Cruz i!!lands battle. The :vtane of each was enveloped in flames. They knew death was but a matter or seconds. Three missed, by 30, 50 and 80 feet. Two hit. One started a bad fire which eventually was extinguished. The second, which already had torpedoed us, started a lesser blaze. The one which started the Worst fl.re carried three bombs, fortunately, the largest-a 500-pounderdidn't explode. A 100-pounder killed three men, wounded others, and started the fire. The second 100-pounder spread · fire but probably did little other damage. Suicides? No. They were only playing the game of war to the limit-smash the other fellow with everything you've got. All who could unloaded their bombs and torpedoes and fled to fight another day. That's smart, too-escape, get more bombs, and attack again. They can inflict far more damage that way than crashing with a damaged plane. I talked with many officers and men not only on the carrier but other ships. None recalled ever seeing a Jap attempt to crash a vessel unless his plane was on fire. I pointed out that the Japs, then, were not sutcidicg. All agreed. They hadn't thought ot it that way before, I Buna Convoy Driven Off 'l-3-'t~ Allied Airmen Down 23 Zeros; Yanks Mop Up ,~uadalcanal ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Thursday) (AP)Allied airmen have downed 23 Jap Zeros and driven off a naval convoy which attempted to reintOTce the entrapped Japs at Buna on the northeast New Guinea coast the high command announced t~ day. The ground ftghting for control of all northeast New Guinea continued in favor of the AIJies. "With support of our artillery and with close bombing and strafing by our air units, our troops have -driven in from the left beyond Gona and are advancing alQng the beach toward the center of the enemy's position at Sanananda,'' the communique stated. "We are mopping up atrong points which were overrun on our Iattack." WASHINGTON (AP)-Fighting through the jungle on Guadalcanal, American troops are carrying on a mopping up operation against scattered enemy groups, the navy reported Wednesday. r In one day of what the navy describes as "patrol operations" soldiers and marines knocked out at least three enemy installations kiliing 51 of the Japanese, captur~ ing three light artillery pieces and takin~ six mac~ine guns. I �splints and devices to immobilize fractures are available at the front line stations, Nicks sald the pref• erence still is for plaster casts. "It is too early to forecast the final verdict for these wounded from the Buna front," Nicks said. "We may have to perform some amputations yet if the wounds do Miracles in New Guinea \1•'° ~'tl, Army Surgeons Daily Are Performing Medical Wonders in Jungle Hospitals I'---------"'------------------' not heal Butprimary we do know that the properly. number of amjungle before obtaining primary (By Don Caswell.) putations has been greatly reduced and troops now have a far greater Somewhere in New Guinea-<LP} dressings. -In the swampy, feverish jungles Drenched with _perspira!ion after cha.nee to survive than in the past. of New~uine~ ar~y surgeons ar~ performmg daily miracles unheard of in World war No. 1. I have just visited an American field hospital in New Guinea bush country wh~re more tban 200 ~~~rs~l~fer;•:~{il~rn;,h:nJ~~-~~-~1~t~ the medical successes to the wide use of sulfa drugs and blood plasma and the inoculation of soldiers with activating shots_ \.vhen they th nd !~!e~v~u~aJ!~~ a agam when ey :i~~~d:ieso~~~~s ~-:r~~~i~:n ~~:~i:~ Nov. 19. In the last war surgeons would have expected at least a score of amputations from such an assortment of damaged bodies. But up to Thursday not a single one has been performed here. "Wonderful Job." Chief Surgeon Capt. Frank Nicks of Colorado Springs, Colo., said the record is all the more remarkable because some of the wounded spend two or three days in the feverish I Prefe~ Plaster Casts. "_T he advanced dressing stations also are doing a wonderful job," Nicks said. Doctors at these staticns diag• nose the wounds and apply primary treatment, usually sprinkling the injury with sulfa powder, and give sulfadiazine tablets to combat infection internally. At the field hospital great quan• tities of sulfathiazol are used and a gangrene serum is injected. Although many new types: of GRAND RAPIDS, MICH., THURSDAY, I DECEMBER Yanks March to Front in New Guinea • ) -?-If: h, "JAPS GET NO REST," WRITES CORP. WILBERT. American troops in New Guinea are "giving the Japs no rest," it is reported by Corp. Herman Wilbert, son of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Wilbert, 412 Fifth-st., N. W. One of several Michigan soldiers who recently have been on the fighting front around Buna, according to a press association dispatch from New Guinea, Corp. Wilbert declared: ''We keep our mortars going day and night. It's hard on us, 1 but think what it must be for them." Corp. Wilbert is one of the "three musketeers" from Grand Rapids who together last spring cabled 1jews of their safe arrival in Australia to their parents. The otl:).er two members of the trio arc Sgt. Russell E. Young, son of Mr. and Mrs. Roy E. Young, 108 Sum• mer~av., .N. W., and Corp. James DenBraber, son of Mr. and Mrs. Martin DcnBraber, 223 Mt. Vernon-av., N. V,.,7• Another Grand Rapids soldier mentioned in the dispatch is Sgt. Bob McGee, who told how the Japanese had sent over several air transports with accompanying Zeros to drop food to their troops by parachute. ' 1They must be running short of food," he said. I Allies Maintain Wedgt\1:l't~una Repulse Jap Attack on New Position Taken Near Mission Allled Headquarters, Australia(A')-Allied troops maintained their newly-driven wedge through Jap· anese posltlons to the sea between Buna village and Buna mission Monday and threw back a strong Japanese patrol which penetrated American lines at Cape Endaiadere. Allled forces cut the Jong, nar• row Japanese beachhead on northeast New Guinea into new segments Sunday by driving to the beach near Buna village. The advanced allied position was under fire from Japanese guns within the vlllage all day. Australian 25'-pounders hammered at the mission area throughout the night in answer to heavy machine• gun and artillery fire. I The Japanese were reported to have suffered heavy losses in their attacks on American lines at Cape Endaiadere. The allies now have retched beach positions at four places-on each side of Buna and on each side of Gona. Three Alternatives. At the point of the latest allied penetration the Japanese have a series of stockades along the beach and reports from war correspondents said the foe had but three choices, to fight to the death, to surrender or an attempt to escape by the sea. Fifteen Japanese bombers and sixteen Zeros attacked one of the al• lied rear positions shortly after noon Sunday but no damage was reported. Flying Fortresses raided Rabaul. Japanese base in New Britain, shortly before daylight Sunday, lighting their targets with flares and then dropping explosives and incendiazy bombs on the town, air• drome and harbor. ' T-010 . Tells Japs War Has Reached Critical Moment \ 2.-,-'t-~ NEW - .,,.ORK (INS)-The Japanese people were told Tuesday by their premier, Gen. Hideki Tojo, that Japan has entered "a critical point in this ·war" and that the nation "must use all it'S training and skill to foil the enemy." In a broadcast meant only for .Japanese ears but recorded by the federal communications commission, the Japanese leader stressed what dangers lay ahead for Japan. The !9peech was in marked contrast to Japanese transmissions meant for the United :States, which consistently give an optimistic and rosy picture of developments witb'.in Japan. Capt. Nakae Yahagi, chief of the .Japanese army press section_, complained that the "Japanese people do not feel the fighting spirit" in another broadcast to the empire. He warned that "America believes she will win this war if it is a long one." YANKS "GO NATIVE" IN NEW GUINEA-NEA Telephoto I United States troops head into midstream in a native "outrigger" to board small boats that will take them to a. forward position in 1'ew Guinea. They are part of the allied force 1 pushing Jap forces toward the sea near Buna. \ 10, 1942. �MAC ARTHUR 3 • DAY, DECEMBER 11, 1942 Japs' NEl.oosened as Cona Falls Buna Hemmed In by Allies Bombers Rake Anew Tom, Narrow Strip Held by Nipponese MELBOURNE UP)-Japan's disastrous foray in to southern New Guinea as a preliminary to invaadon of Australia neared its final phase Thursday with the announcement that Allied jungle fighters under personal command of General Douglas MacArthur had wiped out the stoutly-defended enemy beachhold of Gona and were closing in on Buna to the south. With the fall of Gana, announced by Prime Minister John Curtin of Australia, the surviving Japanese karrison of the ambitious force that tn mid-swnmer threatened the main Allied base of Port Moresby, on the south coast of New Guinea, was left holding only a few miles IEPULSES JA~PS FRIDAY, DECEMBER 11, 1942, ews of a World at War of bomb--torn ground at Buna. CAN'T HOLD l\lUCH LONGER That Buna could hold out much longer against American forces already at ite outskirts and fighting bitterly for possession of its airfield was doubtful. Dispatches from that sector said American troops were entrenched at two places at one end of the Buna landing field, with Japanese blazing away from the other end. Allied bombers were reported raking the narrow Japanese-held zone between the air field I Foe's Second Try to Escape from Buna Trap Foiled ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA, (Saturday), UPl-Repulse of Japanese counter-attack• at Sanananda, between Gona and Buna on the northeast New Guinea coast, was announced by the high command today. 41 South of Sanananda the enemy repeatedly counter-attacked bnt we.a bloodily repulsed/' the noon communique from Gen. Doug1as MaoArthur reported regarding the showdown batl1e for control of all northeastern New Guinea. In the Buna area, anti-aircraft and machine gun positions of the trapp~d Japs were silenced by Allied artillery and mortar fire. MANY JAP DEAD In the ftnal stages of the battle which resulted tn the A1Ued conquest of Gona, 12 miles up the coast from Buna, at least 440 Japs were slain, with other dead yet to be counted. Sixteen were taken prl1oner. The failure of the Japs to break out of entrapment was the second such reported 1n as many days. Yesterday's communique told ot the repelling of counter-attacks in the Buna sector. Jap planes dropped supplies tG their beleaguered ground troops. I I and the sea. Prtor to Curtin's announcement that MacArthur's men had cleaned out the Gona sector, the regular communique from AlUed headquarters had told ot the 8mashing of a Japanese attempt to break out of the coastal trap under cover of darkness. Ninety-five of the enemy were reported killed and four tured, bringing to more than 400 the number of Japanese reported slain in that area in recent weeks. THRUST BEGUN LAST JULY 7 The Japanese made their initial Janding at Gona last July 22 and from their Gona-Buna beachheads atarted an invasion drive which carried them across the towering Owen Stanley mountaints to within 32 miles of the important Allied base at Port Moresby. Then they w~re halted and subsequently were forced to begin their first real retreat of the war back across the mountaim3, finally to be hemmed in on the narrow strip between Buna and Oona and cut off from relief from the sea by American bombers and warships. Curtin in his announcement of the fall of Oona paid tribute to the American planes and fighting ships in preventing the Japanese from reinforcing their troops either in New Guinea or at Guadalcanal. "American 11uperlority by land, sea and air and American capacity to reinforce Guadalcanal are good omens of ultimate success in the conflict tn the southwest Pacific," he •aid. Allied headquarters, expanding on the continuous and deadly assault on Japanese communications and supply points in the Solomons, reported that 10 enemy planes had been destroyed and four others damaged so badly they probably crashed when American Flying Fortresses and Liberators bombed the Japanese airdrome at Gasmata, New Britain. Every Amerl'.an plane was said to have returned from the raid. Blocks Enemy !in Showdown cap-I -Central Pren l\lAIL l\lUST GO THROUGHConstant vigilance ls maintained in New Guinea by United States troops against Jap snipers, even when the mail arrives. Theso American troops are sorting- the mail while an efftcient-lookins sharpshooter, left, keeps his eyes open for any trouble. The photo was taken near the Buna area where allied troops have tho Japs trapped with their backs to the sea. THEY'VE STOPPED JAPSEnterprise and good jungle-fighting ability on the part of Australian and American forces have brought the Japs to bay along New Gulnea's north coast after a drive across the island. Allied soldiers of the two countries are shown, top, marching from the transport planes that landed them on the Jap flank. ONE DOWNS 5 WASHINGTON, UP) - A Ion• army Flying Fortress recently fought off 15 Japanese Zero fighters over the ts1and of New Georgia, destroyed five or them, and returned safely to its base, the navy announced Friday. A communique reporting this tn-ctdent announced also that the auxiliary cargo ship Alchiba had b?eTJ. i-unk in the Salomons area by enemy action. Reports teaching here indicated that only three men were lost in the destruction of the ship and those were listed as missing. The destruction of the five Zeroes raised Japan's plane losses in the Solomons, as announced by the navy here, to 631. Loss of the Alchiba boosted the total of announced United States ship losses tn the Solomons area to 27 sunk. An unannounced number of American ships have been damaged. The Japanese ha\•e lost ~2 sunk, 4 probably sunk and 79 damaged. �GRAND RA PRICE THREE CENTS FIFTY-EIGHTH YEAR MACARTHUR~ MOVE ** * *** 1 ForceRouted \~ ~1-'rl,, - Four Reported Wounded in New Guinea Fighting Bom hers Fire Destroyer, Chase Others Carrying ' Airl to ~ew Guinea Four Grand Rapids soldiers have been reported thus far as wounded in the fierce fighting on New Guinea in the southwest Pacific on Nov. 26 (Thanksgiving day) and Nov. 27. Official telegrams from the adju- tant general's offices in Washington have been received by parents of the injured fighters. Three of the soldiers were reported wounded seriously. They are Corp. Franklin Bice, 21, son of Mr. and Mrs, Royal E. Bice, 321 Franklin-st., S. W ., and Pvt. Clare R. Earlywine, 18, son of Mr. and Mrs. Louis Earlywine, 904 Arianna-st., N. W., and Sgt. Donald Atchison. 23, son of Mr. and Mrs. Robert J. Atchison, 1652 Jefferson-av., S. E. Slightly Injured. ''Slightly injured" was Tech. Corp. Bernard C. Schondelmayer, 24, son of Mr. and Mrs. Corna Schondelmayer, 247 Dickinson-st., S.E. Scl:ondelmayer, who was attached to a cannon company; Atchison, who attended Davis Tech and South High schools, _and Earlywine were injured on Thanksgiving day. Corp. Bice was wounded Nov. 27. With Corp. Bice on the Pacific island is a brother, Sgt. Debera BL::e, 22. He wrote in a letter to his parents recently that Franklin had been in the hospital in October, but had recovered. Were Guardsmen. Earlywine and Corp. Bice left Grand Rapids with the national guard in October, 1940. Bice enlisted in the guard when 17. Pvt. Earlywine attended Harrison Park Junior High school before enlisting in the guard at the age of 16. He has a brother, Louis Earlywine, jr., in the army at Hawaii. Sgt. Atchison left Grand Rapids to join the army in April, 1940. His older brother, Willis, 34, is In the navy and is stattoned at Norfolk, Va. Corp. Schondelmayer was inducted into the army April 20, 1941. His mother received a camp Christmas greeting from him, entitled "Hi Folks," last Friday. The greeting had been mailed Nov. 17. The corporal jotted on the greeting, ''Everything ok." A brother. Pvt. Daren Schondelmayer, 20, is in the armed force at Fort Knox, Ky. AU of the parents were advised in the official telegrams that "period reports will be forwarded \Vhen recPJved" in Washington, / Repulse Japs Off Buna-Gona Another Jap Local Soldiers Hurt in Battle MacArthur Fliers Send Foe Convoy Scurrying Away 'l -'\-'t~ fB\' .ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Wednesday) (1p) _ Anothe1· frantic attempt of the Japs to rush warships to the aid ' of their faltering forces pocketed at Buna and Gona on the coast of northeast New Guinea has been repulsed by planes of Gen. Douglas MacArthur's air force, the high command announced today. , While Allied ground forces at Buna were throwing back a counter-attack with heavy Jap lo'sses and Allied planes constantly harassed the entrapped enemy, this ~:;~~se~as given of the warship ·A~ sociuled Press.) Allied bombers Wednesday had broken up a new attempt by the Japanese navy to reinforce troops in the Buna•Gona I area of New Guinea, setting one of six enemy destroyers afire with two direct hits and forcing the remaining five to flee northward, an allied com· munique reported. American bombers, inc1uding Flying Fortresse_S', flew to the attack and scoted direct hits on the leading destroyer with" two 500pound bombs~ Bombs fell close to another destroyer and it was reported listing badly as the fori:: turned northward. The communique said the leading destroyer was "enveloped in flames," but ~ts ultimate fate was not disclosed. It was the fifth time the Japanese have attempted to ,ferry relief to the ground troops in the EunaGena area. One light cruiser and four destroyers were sunk in the previous four attempts. 1 On the New Guinea shore, allied forces which drove a new hole into Japanese lines a few days ago and reached the beach near Euna fought off strong counter-attacks. At least 40 Japanese \Yere reported killed in the fighting. Allied troops advanced slightly in the fighting around the Euna air· drome and the communique reported that a11ied planes were continuing their attacks on Japanese positions. -------- Hides With laps l~-ll-'f-J, Un der House, T hen Helps Kill Them Washington - (JP) - A Unitf'd States marine corporal from Brooklyn, N. Y., spent several terrifying hours hiding under a house in the Solomons with 16 Jap riflemen, the navy reported Friday, before he got away to direct an attack on the party by marine machine gunners. The corporal, Robert B. Pape, became separated from his comrades when the Japanese attacked his invading party on Tulagi island Aug. 8. He ducked under a house to hide. Then marine machine gunners opened up on the Japs and 16 of them crawled in with Pape. For• tunately it was before dawn and they did not recognize him as an American. As t~e dawn brightened, Pape began mching his way from under the house, hoping to escape. A Jap officer recognized him and s~ot him ill: the leg. Pape got outside, however, and yelled directions fo!' nearby machine gunners, who wiped out the Japanese. *** "An enemy naval force of six des~royers attempting for the fifth time to bring relief to their ground b'oops Wa'S intercepted and attacked by our heavy bombers. Two direct hits with 500-pound bombs were ~cored on the leading destroyer which was quickly enveloped in ~i::,;s, The remaining convoy The previous four Jap navy attempts at reinforcement and assistance have cost them a crui'ser and at least four destroyers. Today's noon communique also highlighted charges that Japanese aerial units ''have violated the laws of war by repeated attacks upon Allied hospital installations killing doctors, medical personnei and patients." "On Nov. 27,'' the communique stated, "an Australian field ambu~ lance unit in the Soputa area and an Aplerican regimental dressing station werE; bombed, killing 29 and wounding 31. On Dec. 2, an American field hospital in the Buna area was bombed without damage. On Dec. 7, this same unit was bombed twice in a single day by Jow altitude divebombers with casualtie'S of seven killed and 30 woundec;l. In each case, the tentage was conspicuously marked and the medical cha1·acter of the installation was unmistakable." On the Allied aerial front, a bom!:>e1· attack was reported made on the airdrome at Lae in New Guinea, which caused explosions and fh•es among fuel and ammunition dutnps; the airdrome at Ga~mata on New Britain island was bombed and strafed; and two enemy fighters were shot down by a reconnaissance group over Rabaul New Bl'itain. ' I 1 I PVT. CLARE R. EARLYWINE, 18, left, of 904 Arianna-st., N. \\'., and CORP. FRANl;{LIN BICE, 21, ot 321 Franklin•st., S. \ V., who were wounded seriously in the New Guinea fighting with the United States army Nov. 26 and 27. They are two of four Grand Rapids soldiers reported thus far to have been wounded in the battle on _ the south Pacific island. \ 4 -'I . '/- l. I WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 9, 1942. B eat Japs at Own Game Marines on Guadalcanal Adapt, T heir Fighting Ways to T hose o f Enemy (By J. Norman Lodge.) "The Japs are good fighters but Guadalcanal-(JP)-The marines poor soldiers." Japs Meet Their l\Iatch. again have the situation well in ''This is the first time they've hand. I have just returned from the ever met their match. They won't Jines and an interview with Lieut. surrender, It's a fight of exterCol. Cornelius P. VanNess of San mination. Even when we have the yellow-bellies downwind we have Francis<;:o. ''We have been averaging 50 to l to blow them out of their fox holes shoot them down, blast them out in fatalities,'' Col. Arthut said. "In one raission we counted 400 of caves and bayonet them." Several times in the interviews l Japanese dead without a single "hit the deck." The snipers scored marine fatality. several near-misses, but the colonel JapS Skilled Figh ter s. talked on as if he y.,as on the back t•we've learned that the Japs porch of his South Carolina home. facing us are veterans of Burma The fighting strip is the most inS!ngapore, Sumatra and the Philip- accessible I ever have encountered pmes, and are thoroughly skilled I've fought at Be11eau Woods and fighters. They fight only by night the Argonne, but those woods were and snipe by da,y. like a picnic ground compared "We are beating them at their with thls. own game and are greatly aided by Tak e It in Str ide. our ack-ack (anti-aircraft), which has been truly mag_nificent. Those There are flies as big as B17's boys are so darned good they sur~ m~squitoes seemingly as large a~ prise us every day. They've been flyrng boats, a terrific sun by day averaging so many hits the Zeros and rain by night. no longer strafe our boys, which is Slimy salamanders as big as baby 1 a Godsend. Tl').e snipers are bad crocodiles scamper along the' enough because it's almost impos~ ground, and although they are sible to spot them in the trees to ha~mless they give one a creepy j fchng. But the marines .;.nd sol~ which they've tied themselves. _"The Japs infiltrate in the night, diers have been taking it in stride, i hide out in the tree-tops, and al- :t~fde~.hey-e made might" long though it's suicidal they continue such tactics day after day. �1tnt;;;;ting More Bor'1.~!.3 for Japs l (By Maj. Gen. L. K. VanOyen.) Jackson, Miss.-m.P.l- The black• est day of our Jife w as March 7, 1942, when Java fell and we had to obey the orders of our govern• ment to ~ withdraw to Australia. Now, a year later, the road back to Java has been charted and needs only to 1/e paved. ln the last year, 1 am happy to report, the air force units under my command have become stronger and better equipped than they were when the Japs swept down on the Indies. A part ot my men- now the instructors in JacktK>ll-escaped at the end of the fight, which was gallant' but hopeless against an overwhelmingly superior Japanese force. They aow are taking to the skies again in new equipment and they are taking with them a great nlim.ber ot younger boys, trained . by them as pi1ots, gunners, observers, etc. Outlook Was Dark. On March 6, 1942. it had become ~Jear that the fight was finished, as far as our air force was concerned. We had thrown in everything we had. Our men had pounded at the invasion forces and blitt exacted a h'ige toll from them. I can give no detail, but the number of Jap cruisers, destroyers and transports sunk and damaged by our bombs was greater than the number of bombers we had at the beginning of the war. We had already Jost a part of our air strength-what little there was -of it-in aiding our allies in Malaya and we had virtually no rep]acements. Our fighter and bomber force was virtuaBy gone in the first days of March. On Saturday, March 7, we boarded a small army transport plane on a secret landing strip 1south of Bandoeng and the pilot ilook off from a road used as a. Clte1 U. S. Off.er. Arriving In Australia I found thing but sympathy for The etherlands East Indies. The tnerican and Australian force ~, offered us all co-operation in reconstructing our air force. Our alli~s were as anxious as we to speed the way when we could embark on the road back. A large number of our air men were jn Australia because our ttying school and that of the Royal , Netherlands navy already had 1,een sent to that country in February as a p'recautionary measure. We worked out plans whereby all these men would remain in Australia for Lraining with new equipment. But AustraUa lacked the facilities to train all of th'em. ; and then the United States stepped in to help us. We asked for and got facilities at American bases for training of our bomber !J.Ild fi g hter , crews. Ar; a re;ml · the Royal Nelhevlands military flying school was set up last May at the .Jackson army ait base. Thanks to magnificent co-operation from the Americans, w e have been able to do a good job. Good Training. 'Xhe boys are getting better training than we dreamed possible a year ago. The recent graduation class showed its wings in a ma~ flight across the United States Jn January. Flying bimotored planes they spent a week in mass and indiv idual maneuvers that took them to Los Angeles and back, over unfamiliar terrain, fl ying in the face of bad weather. Now they are going back lo the war theaters and they will carry with them a love for the Americans with whom they worked in close harmony here. I don't believe any of The Neth,erlands airmen will forget what Maj. Gen. Ralph Royce, commander of the soµtheast training command, told them at the graduation of Feb. 13: "Take along a few extra bombs and drop them off for me.'' They are aching to get back into the fray. Most of the older ones, the instructors, have personal scores to settle with the Japsmen who Jost their homes and familles and all of them have a national score to settle. One day soon these men will help in bomb- · ing the daylights out of the Japs , j - 1, • Y..3 - - By KIRKE L SIMPSON AMoclated PreH War Anal)'llt Th, hattle of the Bismarck sea, at < ,,.troke set invasion appre• hens1uns in Australia definitely at rest. To what extent the .Japanese offensive-defensive perimeter in the southwestern Pacific, alrady dented at Guadalcanal and Buna, was fur• ther buckled and rendered vulnerable is yet to be revealed. There can be no doubt, however, ~ t a blow to Japanese prestige and to Tokyo's dream of conquest out of all proportion to the one-sided losses In• fllcted on the foe has been dealt. It hi>• definitely moved up the hour when Japan can be brought to grim reckoning. + + + The only logical explanation yet available of Japanese purposes in risking the disaster was to rein• force beleaguerd and critically im• portant outposts in northeast New Guinea. MacArthur is steadUy closing in on Salamaua ·a nd Lae, southeastward protective redoubts for the whole Finschhafen peninsula. That bold promontory juta eastward to form the southwestern shoreline of Vitiaz strait, the narrow waterway that separates New Guinea and New Britain. In Allied hands it would be a menacing jumpoft across 60 miles or so of sea to a landing on New Britain. It also would bring Anied air bases within less than 400 miles of Rabaul, main Japanese concentration base and from which the ill-fated relief convoy started. Rabaul lies on the northeastern tip of New Britain, tack. That was due in part to previous Allied bombing of every Japenese advance fteld in New i Britain, in part to waning Japa... nese ability to replijce her air losses. + + + The American air attack that led to that enemy disaster was two--fold. Enemy air bases at Lae and Salamaua were effectively neu• trallzed by MacArthur's bombers while the sea-air action was in progress. While a break In the bad weather front appears to have helped materially, there is every evidence that the foe Balled into a carefully prepared Al}ied trap. One immediate result · must be to release additional elements ot MacArthur's forces for offensive use in his campaign to clear northeastern New Guinea as wen as the Papuan peninsula of Japanese toothoids. +++ It took weeks of preparation at Rabaul and elsewhere to the north for the enemy to prepare that reinforcement expedition. . MacArthur's bombers were hac,ing at it 1 day and night at long range. To the :final losses must be added those previously wr0ug!f at Rabaul and at sea by Jnceasant Allied bomber raids. The ~•Ible aggregate Japanese loss must run to more than 30 ships of all types, more than three score planes and above 20,000 lives. If the Japanese hold on the vitally important Flnschhafen pen-l insula ls to be strengthened, obviously a much greater effort wtll + + + be required. A major concentraIt Is to be assumed that Jap- tion of air and sea power, requiranel!le strategy in hoping to run ing time and exposing ships, the Australlan•American air gant- planes and men to Allied bombers let to New Guinea relied both on as It ls being effected, w~uld be weather and on a protective air necessary. umbrella. The expedition moved Without that major effort- down the coast of New Britain to enter Vttiaz strait 10 clo.se inshore until It was scattered by the Allied air attack that short-range Japanese planes based in New Britain should 11,ave been available to cover which Tokyo well may not dare risk, as Jt dared not risk a fullscale etrort to recapture Guadalcanal-the loss Or New Britain footholds is foreshadowed. , it. They proved utterly incapable of doing that againl!lt the sus- tained lon.--rango Allied air at• and helping to roll back the tide of invasion. Americans might Hke to remember on th&t day that lhe~e b_oys c_arry 'lhe St~rs and Stripes m the1~ h ea r ts next to The Net herlands tricolor. 1 Allies Keep Japs Ducking ;j·K-'f-) Pepper Nip Positions Over Wide Front in Southwei~ rn Pacific By VERN HAUGLAND ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Monday) (lP}-Allied airmen struck at a half-dozen Japanese positions over a wide front in the southwest Pacific yesterday, bombing an 8,000-ton enemy cargo ship off the New Guinea coast and shooting down a lone reconnaissance bomber off Darwin, Australla, a communique announced today. , The acceleration of aerial activity following the Bismark sea vtctory found the Allies hitting airdromes and ~uildlngs on th:e w~st~u:n:-:t~:!:r!~lt:,~:• 8~:i:alr~ ' SHOOT DOWN 8TH JAP SALAMAUA BASE RAIDED British Spitfires, in action only a Heavy units also raided the airfew weeks, shot down their eighth drome at Cape Gloucester, New Japanese plane in the Darwin sec~ Britain. Bombs were unload~d .,on tor, and a Liberator bomber crew the runway and near anTRi1rcraft bombed the enemy cargo ship in positions. The Jap base of SalaStephan strait along the northeast- m aua on the nm-theast . coast of ern New Guinea coast. Although New Guinea also was raided by a the extent of the damage was not heavy unit. determined, the ship was seen to reNin e enemy medium bombers'. esduce speed. carted by 15 fighter planes, raided The strongest Japanese aerial re- the Vivigani area of Goodenough ply was made upon Goodenough is- island Sunday after~oon. They land in the D'Entrecasteaux group I caused neither casualties_ nor damoff the Papuan coast, but no dam- age, the communique. said. . age or casualties were inflicted, the "Our a ttack planes, m two fhg~ts, communique said. bombed and thoroughly machme• Allied bombers were active over gunned the Guadagasal saddle are~ a wide area. Two flights of medium (nea r Mubo) in 31 strafing passes, units bombed and strafed Toeal in the communique continued. the Kai islands, "causing further "In subsequent sweeps along the heavy damage and many fl.res in coaet our aircraft strafed a num~er .the waterfront area." \ of loaded supply barges near MmHeavy_bombers scored direct hits drugtu island and raked the runon· the runway of the Japanese air• way at Dona.'' drome at Gasmata, New Britain. - - - - -- The 8,000-ton Japanese ship was sighted in Stephan strait off New Guinea, the communique said. Re- i sult of the attack, made by a reconnaissance plane, was not report- I New Guinea, and the Kai islands ed. n rthwest of Australia, ~.--..._. I , Bismarck Sea Defeaf May Cosf Japs New Brifain Dutch Flyers, Trained in U. S., Are Going Bf!..ck to Even Score With Hirohito , lEditor' s Nole: One year after the fall ot Java, Maj. Gen . L, K. Van -Oyen, commander ot The Netherlands Indies air force, describes t,lans that are being lni.d to win bar'k 'The Netherlands East Indles. Gen. Van Oyen was at Honolulu when the Pacific war broke out and witnessed the Jap attack on Pearl Harbor. He served In the Indies durinli:' the i nvasion and was one of the few hi~h offlciab ordered to w ithdr aw from .Ta"8. at the eleventh hour. HI'! has J1UK'e organized the tralninlil: o:t Dutch flyers In the United States.) the War News �Jap Airpower Grows in S. W. Pacific -a - 'I - If 3 Nippon's Air Force Reported Growing ,- lfj Strong Force of Bombers Sinks Ship Off New Guinea ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA, (Tuesday) (lP)-A strong force of Japanese bombers sank a small Allied merchantman at Orobay on New Guinea yesterday, emphasizing official warnings that Japanese airpower is growing in the southwest Pacific, while in land, fighting 92 survivors o:t the enemy convoy smashed in the Bismarck sea have been killed or captured on New Guinea and 1Goodenough islands, the Allied high command reported today. Nine bombers escorted by 13 Ztlroa· swept over the little vn.. )'age south of Buna on the New Guinea coast Jn broad daylight to send the cargo vessel to the bottom. A spokesman for Gen. MacArthur, commenting on published reports from the United States hailing the heavy superiority of Allied airmen in this area as a resutt ot the Bisme.r,ck sea battle, warned that th~piy alr!orce should not be un,derestimated. "Japanese alrpower, in this area. at least, certainly isn't on the wane. Quite the contrary," he said. "It fs a well-known maxim that the loser always 45 Jap Planes Stage 3 · Raid on Wau, New Guinea 1 looks bad even though the margin that brings victory-sometimes overwhelming victoryma;r be hardly more than an eyelash. "Japanese air forces are increasing in atrength here notwithstanding past losses and defeats.. · .His planes are good and 80 are his fliers. Any disparaging discount of his air potential ts not only incorrect but dangerous.'' Fifty-five Japanese survivors of the disaster in the Bismarck sea drifted ashore between Longan! and Wa.nigela, two small native villages south of Buna, New Guinea. All were killed or captured, the communique said. At Goodenoug}l island, another Party of 42 drifted ashore and Allied ground patrols immediately attacked, killing 34 in bloody fighting and capturing three. Five others escaped but are "being pur!med." The communique did not mention ~ J ! l e r e were casualties in the "Mt1p's crew in the sinking of the Allied ship yesterday, ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN Japanese airdrome, was attacked I \ ~r:i~~;/~o,:t:: :~~~!~hp~:~ ably destroyed. The Allied plane returned home safely. The raid on Wau Tuesday occurred shortly after noon, with the planes coming in from the north- 1 west. The bombers, in a tight "V" f formation, made a single pass in : their customary patte,n of bombing. There was no indication that the raid was co..c,rdfnated With an increase in land activity, which ha.a been on a minor scale since the Japs were driven be.ck after approaching Wau. FIND POWER BARGE al~:i~d Y~~t!::!~uda:~:ie:a~~~munique had told or' the sinking of an Allied merchant ship by Jap bomb-ers in Oro bay b"elow Euna1 New Guinea. Wau is in the area where Af.. Ued advance patrols have been throwing the. Japs back toward A further search tor Japanese troops who landed on Goodenough island and on the New Guinea mainland was fruitless, but a power l.. barge was found on the beach at Goodenough. The barge gave evidence how the s1;1rvtvors managed to cover_ a con~ Salamaua. :~;!a~efrt~tar;:-~~~m:~:s s:! where the big Japanese convoy was Today's communique, one of the ]destroyed last week. brie.f est in recent weeks, reported Of 42 Japanese landing on Goodthat an Allied heavy bomber on ~nough, five escaped, Near Tufi on l~.fpnnaiSiSan,s::e in . the vicinity o:t New Guinea 55 wera killed or cap<!laam!Lta, N~w. Br,taln, site 9f a. Jured, BRIEF COMMUNIQUE West Michigan Veterans of New Guinea Back in khaki again after the strenuous campaign at the Papuan front, these American soldiers, many of them from Michigan, show with broad smiles how they feel about sleeping in cots again and getting plenty of nourishing food in their rest camp I in Australia, Names of MiChigan veterans of the New Guinea campaign are iti capital letters, Left to right, sitting, are Lt, Charles Kanapaux, Charleston, S. C.; Pvt. Allen Taylor, Fostoria, Ohio; Pvt. Glen Robert!llon, Elwood, Ind.; Pvt. Donald Stroup, Kokomo, Ind.; Cpl. Donald Stringer, Farnhamville, Iowa; PVT. ONNI SIIMES, Rock; Pvt. Albert Johnson, Lead Point, \Vash.; Pvt. Dale Wakehouse, Pisgah, Iowa; Cpl, Eddie Eben, Rosenberg, Tex.; PVT. FERDINA:ND ROCHALSKI, Grand Rapids; CPL. HOWARD DUTCHER, Sparta; SGT. DON FITZGl'JBALD, Grand Rapids; Pvt. James Workman, Caddo, Okla.; CPL. 'l;'EEMAN ROSS, Lapeer; Cpl. Eugene Makynen, Spokane, Wash.; SGT. ROSARIO RUSSO, Grand Rapids; Pvt. Clyde Leonard, Yelm, \\:ash.; PVT. GLEN GROTH, Tyre; Pvt. Clarence Wilkins, New Virginia, Iowa; SGT. ANTHONY MAZZARELLI, Grand Rapids; Pvt. John Nalepa, Cleve• land, Ohio; Pvt. James Kelly, Walla Walla, Wash.; SGT. GLEN FOLLETT, Traverse City; Pvt. John Jalsevac, Cleveland, Ohio; PVT. KENNETH BONDY, Boyne City; PVT, CHARLES FREI• AUSTRALIA, Wednesday, QP) Forty-seven Japanese planes have raided Wau, New Guinea, the Allied base some 35 miles southwest of Samalaua, the high command announced today. This heavy raid on an Allied base where last February the Japs suffered one of their biggest aerial defeats of the war added emphasis to a warning by a spokesman :for General Douglas MacArthur. He said the Jap aerial strength in the southwest Pacific was growing and that recent Allied victories, such as the sinking of the 22-ship convoy in the Bismarck, should not be in Australia -Photo from Robert J. Doyle, Detroit News Correspo BURGER, Grand Rapids; PVT. JOHN SUTTER, North Branch; CPL. ER~TEST RICHNER, East Jordan; Pvt, William Stover, Ottawa, Ohio; SGT. WILLIAM HELENIUS, Cedar Springs, Left to right, kneeling, Pvt. John Weiss, :Fort Dodge, Iowa; PVT. PAUL OSTROM, Grand Rapids; Pvt. Ray Sullivan, Bloom• ington, Ind.; Pvt. Beryl Schoepf, Lorenzo, Tex.; SGT. DAVID l\IATCHETT, Charlevoix; Pvt. Philip Kerwin, Clevelan<l; PVT. WAYl\"E WWING, Grand Rapids; Pvt. Carlos Salcido, Nogales, Sonora, Mexico; SGT. NEIL THOMPSON, Lapeer; CPL, WILLIAl\1 WELDON, Lapeer; SGT. CARLTON SMITH, Charlevoix; SGT, CASEY VANOS, Grand Rapids; Sgt. Oliver Hudson, Baker, Ore.; PVT. GEORGE MOSHER, Pigeon; SGT. ROBERT HEISE, Charle• voix; SGT. RALPH VAN BRUNT, Grand Rapids. Left to right, standing, Pvt. Kenneth Royal, Bryant, Ind.; PVT. FRANK KRULAC, Wayland; PVT. JAMES STUART, Attica; Pvt. Edward Thompson, JohnstoWn, Pa.; Pvt. James Kohl, 1.i'ruitland, Wash.; PVT. WILLIAM THOMPSON, Lapeer; Pvt. Paul Jahrlg, Plattsmouth, Neb.; PVT. CLYDE McDOUGAL, Hamtramck; Pvt. Samuel Rehm, Eads, Colo.; Pvt. Robert Wilcox, Vinton, Iowa; SGT. RALPH ABBOTT, Lapeer; Pvt. Eugene Underwood, Anaheim, Calif.; SGT. MONTE RUDNER, Detroit; Cpl. Thomas Thompson, West Frankfort, DI.; Sgt. Lyle Morse, South Bend, Ind, �spaper The Detroit News Tiu Only Aft,r11oon Paper i11 Michigan With Associated Preu Wirej,hoto Sn-w• I-\ Thu. - Heroes of New Guinea Who· Won MacArthur's Praise The photos on this page recall the recent order of the day in which Gen. Douglas MacArthur honored the troops who brought victory to the Allied forces in the almost concluded campaign in eastern New Guinea, during which the Jap stronghold of Buna was taken. The 32nd Division (Red Arrow) , composed largely of Michigan and Wis- consin troops, was mentioned in the order, thus carrying on the proud tradition the division established in World War I. In the photos below the Army has identified some of the Michigan men who took part in the battles that led to the capture of Buna and other strategic places, a significant Allied victory. Under cover of an artillery barrage that tossed Ja panese out of shoreline pos1t10n• (background ), American infantrymen swarmed across the wreckage of a bridge over Simemi Creek on the road to Buna, New Guinea. Ten minutes before the photo was taken. Jap fire covered the bridge from the right bank of the creek. American machine gunners occupied sandbagged positions along Simemi Creek at Christmas time. The Japanese positions ar-e- just beyond the tre~ . Grinning Sergt. Walter A. Baron, of Grand Rapids heaped his mess kit with food, his first hot meal in 22 days of fighting on the anananda front. Half an hour after these American soldiers sat in a captured Jap bunker on the Buna front, Dec. 23. and opened Christmas presents, they went into ·action against the enemy. At the extreme left of the photograph is P rivate Felix Ochod, of Detroit. �Charging~ Yanks Rout Japs With Bayonets By FRANK HE\VLETT (Copyr ight, 1943, by United Pre!s) WITH THE AMERICAN ARMY AT THE J3UNA GOVERNMENT ~TATION IN NEW GUINEA, Jan. 3 .;..,....(Delayed}-The Yanks wenL · . over the top at 10 -15 a. m. Saturday to take the government station area at Euna. At 4:27 p. m. they flashed this message to he~dquarters: "Station sector entered. It was entered at the bayonet point. There were no tanks in this tattle. The field guns, mortars and planes gave the Japanese a final softening up before the zero hour, and laid down a barrage as the troops advanced. But the infantry won the battle, the biggest vJctory to date in the Sout,hwest Pacific. Today the Americans and AustralianS mopped up, They searched the coconut groves all round the sector for hours, picking off snipers in the trees and the machine gunners who . had remained in their !1ests, playmg possum and pretendmg they were dead. They do not have to pretend any more. Now the burial squads are burying the bodies of our dead. A rifle marks each grave, The Japanese dead ~re being buried where they fell, some in in their trenches. The earth to bury them is bei~g taken fro1:1 the slit trenches which the Amer1~ cans and Australians are digging a few feet away as cover from enemy planes. The troops who won the battle are an inspiring cross-section of young America, national guardsme~ and selectees .. Most of t~eir officers are reservists. One h~utenant, a veteran of the Spamsh civil war, was a Communist Party organizer in Ohio a few months ago. I was here for the kill, to watch the Americans clean up the Euna mass f! situation after six weeks of tough :fighting in which they and the Australians all but ended organized Japanese resistance in the Papuan area of New Guinea. I never have seen such destruction, and I covered the Batan and Corregidor campaigns in the Philippines. Every building is in ruins. The area is a mass of shell and bomb craters, some 15 feet across. The coconut trees have been •shredded. The battle for this government station, the peacetime administrative center for Papuan New Guinea, opened at 2 a. m. Saturday. About 20 Japanese, desperate, tried to \ Michigan Men T!!~~- I~ ~-n!_~~ ew~ Fr!_"!_I!_om~-~-'-· I-D.,,..,..-'f- .3 I~-- ... . . --.-;~•; ,,........,...,.~····· break through the American lines. : They chose a narrow sand spit at ~hes:!fit :~~~eof0 been holding for four days The men in the forwa;d out-1 posts let the Japanese sift past them. They swung around a machine gun and at the right moment let tha japanese have it. Nearly ~very one was killed Some of the Yanks, ju~t off death-dealing duty, are bathing, using empty ammunition boxes for basins. Corp. L. LaBoda, Detroit, was cutting the hair of Lieut. W. A. Sikkel, Jr., Holland, Mich., using a large silk Japanese flag as a neck cloth. :h~t:;i~:n:-~;~ ~ - . ·! \ American troops in New Guinea, which include a large number of Michigan and ~isconsin soldiers, sit hut and listen to American news over the radio. - �THE DETROIT NEWS, THURSDAY, JANUARY 21, 1943 to New Guinea Follow the Flag • • • Men Fight Japs and Jungles (Tenth In a Serles) By MIRIAM ALBORN HAROLD J, COOLSEN .3 ·IS· l'-.3 Harold J. Coolsen Missing in Africa Corp. Technician Harold .T. Coolsen was reported missing in action in North Africa in a war department telegram received Sunday noon by his wife, Mrs. Joan Coolsen, who lives with her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Wrosch, at 812 First st., NW. Mrs. Coolsen had received two letters from her husband this ~eek~e:::d f~!ieiai-eet. ~~b, lie a;!i sured hel' in both letters that he was "getting along fine'' and not to worry. 11 When I get back," he wrote, "I will have plenty to tell 1you." He gave no further hint of impending action, Mrs. Coolsen Isaid, Corp. Coolsen was inducted into the army in February of 1941 and I was with the largest United States \ convoy to land in Ireland, in the late spring of 1942. Prior to leaving the states, he trained at Fort Sheridan, Ill., Fort Knox, Ky., and at Fort Dix, N. J. He attended the armored force radio school at Fort Knox for three months and was made a rac!io operator in tanks, scout cars"-ti.n9 jeeps. He is a son of• Mr. 4,~d Mrs. Frank Coolsen of 853 H..ovey, st., sw. NEW GUINEA is one of the far places of the world that Americans never gave much thought to before the war. It wa; just one of those islands way off in the Pacific. Anthropologists were interested in the natives. British, Dutch and Austratralians got out a little gold and rubber, copra and coconut-but very few of them went there to ., live ' But now that New Guinea is ~~c!n~~r~~lr~:ir:p!~n~~ ~~~~ American boys are over there in the jungle-let's find out what the place is like. * * * WHERE 18 NEW GUINEA? New ~uinea, otherwise known as Papua, is just under the Equator, directly north of Aus• tralia. HOW FAR from Australia la New Guinea? At the nearest point it's less than 100 miles across to Cape York. n!:!!~?FAR Is New Guinea from :n, NATIVE VILL"AGE in New Guinea-grass roofed huts on stilts in one of the island's many small bays. top war news, considered very Greenland)-more than five times the size of Michigan. • • • \VHAT KTh"D of weather does New Guinea have? The weather is hot, damp, monotonous and generally undesirable. Rainfall is a little more or less than 100 inches a year, de• pending on the part of the island. The northwest section, which is nearest the equator, has constant ::~fl~se:iinn'1~;ir~ns~J~te ~~u:~; ~~~t1~fe;,oes on, is a little calmer WHERE IS Port Moresby? ;r The town lies among low green hills that encircle the harbar. Behind is a rising plain leading up to the Owen Sta nley Mountains, which are high and rugged. * * * WHAT ARE th e chief il11pedi• menis to fighting on New Guinea? Rain and swamps . . . mosquitoes ... tall razor-edged grass in the open spaces . • . underfoot tangles in the jungle ••. rough mountain terrain •.• and every• where perfect hideaways for snipers. N!~o:..I~~ PEOPLE live on From Detroit to Port Moresby, a ~;:0 ;~s~~ wt!~~oIT"u:~;:,e: Estimates range from 250,000 to 1 the capital of British New Guinea, half way down the southeaStern• 350/00 ~ersfn4. Census;.taktn; is · 1 1 is roughly S,OOO statute miles. most peninsula of the island, ~r:da~~r~ft~:;.. veB;~o~: HOW BIG is New Guinea? above the Coral Sea. the war there weren't many more New GuinEca is the second largWHAT DOES the country look than a thousand white persons. est island in the _w_o_rl_d_<_af_t_er__l_ik_e__:frc._;o_m_P_o_rt_11_r_o:..:r•..:•..:b.::.y:..:?_ _ _ _ _..:.WH:.=..:'1..:T:...:::::ABOUT head hunters? r; :~e~ es The natives still have plenty of tribal peculiarities, but head hunting is said to have gone out, and on the whole they' re pretty peaceful with each other. They do like their sorcery, though WHAT'S NICE about New Guinea? The birds are pretty-birc.s of paradise and other brightly col• ored species • • • flowers are abundant, particularly the hibiscus, which the natives wear in their hair ••. butterflies are gay and numerous ••. nights in the mountains are cool and starlit ••. and the primitive a1t is eagerly sought by collectors. WHAT TIME ls It In New Guinea? Port Moresby is 15 hours ahead of Detroit War Time. When it's noon in Detroit it's 3 a. m. the next morning in et1.stern New Guinea. Michigan Men Are Among U. S. Fighting Veterans in New Guinea -A ssocia ted Prc~s Photo Veterans of action if, New Guinea, these members of the United States fighting forces line up for a i;;rr.:.p .hot alongside - - - ~ of a native hut. Michigan men in the picture are: front row, ' Lieut. W. A. Sikkel. of Holland, Mich. >urth from left) and Fr, Stephen Dzienis, of Detroit, (sixth from left). In the rear row are Lieut. William Wills, o'f - <egon, (second from left and a t Lester Se al U. S. Marine Cor s of Ann Arbor fifth from left). _____ J· I " �lie Chips Are Down in New Guinea--tY on the Far-Off Jungle Front Taps' Last Papuan Toehold . Wiped Out'by Yanks, Aussies •tcd ~11Australian ~ <Bv ~,;;~ States and down from Cape Killerton and Wye point on the northwest while t the Americans drove from the ops have taken Sanananda pom southeast, between Giruwa and 1 Sanananda village, th e laSl Tarakena villages. I • panese strongholds ln Papuan ~ew Guinea, Gen. Douglas Mac- Japs Abandon Guns. The allies left behind them, as ,\rthur announced Tuesday in a they advanced furlong by f~rlong, ecio.l communique. abandoned Japane~e equipmeknt P d remnants of mfantry pac s Japanese remnants, all who were !~a ammunition. Japanese dead eft of the enemy's Papu_an ar~y were buried where they fell. ! 15 000 shock _troops mcludmg mv As~ociatcd Press.) al 'ianding pai:.lies and marines, ere sliced into four isolated P?Ck5 two on the north New Gmnca )~re, t\\!O inland, and their posin is regarded as hopel~ss. The climax came in a triple atThe Australians pressed Sanananda point, lying between previously captured ~oi:ia and Buna was the last remammg Japanese' stronghol~ i~ northeast~rn New Guinea. With 1t gone, action against the three pockets of trapped forces inland took o~ the character of a mopup operation. What Japanese now ar~ left in the corridor are inclosed m pockets roughly a mile west of Sanananda, about 1,500 yards e~stward from the point and behmd the main track roadblock. Using rifle bullets for chips, American soldiers play cards during a rest between battles on New Guinea while ,_ 1,-Y:) natives look on in bewilderment at the Yankee pastime. Closeup of War in New Guinea Sink Cargo Ship. On the aerial front, allied bombers sank an 8,000-ton Japanese cargo ship in the Blsmttrck s~a and blasted enemy airports and installations over a wide area of the southwest Pacific, an allied communique said. Heavy bombers scored two hits on the cargo ship and it "burst into flames from bow to stern, sinking in eight minutes/' it was reported. Allied planes again visited New Britain island, attacking Japanese shipping in the Rnbaul harbor and bombing the airport at Gasmata. Medium bombers and long-range fighters attacked Japanese supply dumps and installations at Lae, New Guinea, setting fire to two buildings and destroying a Japanese fighter plane on the ground._ Meanwhile land patrol groups m the area of Mubo, near Salamaua, skirmished with Japanese troops\ and killed 40 more Japanese, the communique said. I No maneuver, this, but actual battle action in the Papua sector during the successful drh c to Buna as Australians, under heavy fire themselves, clean out. a Jap pillbox only 30 :,,ards away. In the center is a U. S. built Gen. Stuart tank, manned by Aussies. �j-lS-'f..'.3 Pat Robinson Tens of New Guinea Battle Front l Sniper Shot 30 Japs, Then Ate American Fi9htin9 Men in Land of Jun9le Are Grandest in World This is the first article in a •v•e•t·i e sa of sNix byaPratcoRrroebsipnosnodn_, 0 1 0 1 8 '{v B!~fm!:~s}J('!{l~~ An\ marine used a chicken. \ingenious for Jap bait and killed 30 of the\ enemy in an afternoon. ent, about the New Guinea battlefront from which he has just rrturned. Robinson, dean of Amel'ican war correspondents on the strangest of all battlefronts, spent more than a year in that war zone with Gen. D o u g las MacArthur's forces. Thousands of Michigan troops have been i"l action on the New Guinea front and Robinson's articles should hold real interest for the home folk, especially in western Michigan. Corp. Howard H. Hoyt, Ill, San Francisco, veteran of the Solomons campaign, told the story here Saturday. He said: . . "This marine tied a wild chicken to a stake atop a small knoll and concealed himself in the brush. The cackling of the chicken attracted the Japs' attention and as they approached the knoll, this sharpshooter picked them off. "'After each kill, the marine would drag the victim away in tho\ underbrush. "Then the marine topped off the day by having the chicken for SUP- I per." \ By PAT ROBINSON (CopyrigM; 1943) I jungle, swamps and head-hunting cannibals. I have lived with some ol the grandest kids I ever met -tho eagles of the American air corps and the 1'flatfoofB" of the American infantry under Gen. Dougfa& 1'-lacArthur. + + + I have b;id the exciting privilege ot flying two bombing missions over Rabaul and Lae in the "hottest,. fastest bomber we have _ the B-26, sometimes called the Marauder. Incidentally, the boys fo the air corps never refer to the fancy names for their planes used by the public. They call their bombers the B-17s, B-24s, B-25s, B-26s, A-20s and the pursuits P38s, P39s and P40s, which respectively, are the Flying Fortress, Liberator, Nor-th American, Marauder, Bos• ton and Lightning, Airacobra and NEW YORK (INS) - I have just returned to the United States after a year and two months spent in Australia and on the strangest, toughest fighting front in the Klttyhawk. I wanted to make more than two world - New Guinea. - land of I I combat flights with the B-26s ,md a few with the B-17s but Gen. M:acArthur refused to let me go on the ground, as he said, "that a dead newspaperman can't write many stories." I tried to point out that a dead soldier can't fight many battles, either, but you know how much luck I had debating the point with a four-star general. MacArthur's funny that waywhen he gives nn order he makes it stick-as I discovered when I served un~er him with the Rainbow division in France 25 years ago. + + + Strangely enough, MacArthur was right and I was wrong. I had arranged to go on a third mission in a B-26 flown by Lieut. Randy Lanford of Anniston, Ala., the slowest drawling youngster in the air corps. Randy was t,. }eave on a Sunday and I was to go along with See :NEW GUINEA-Pai,e 7 IAmericans in New Guinea 1Best Fighters in World (Continued from Page 1) him, but Saturday night the order arrived barring me from going and Randy left without me. I sat around all day Sunday cussing my "tough" luck. When the boys returned :from bombing Lae, Randy was not among them. His plane had been shot down in flames five miles off Lac. Ho went plunging into the sea with both engines afire and the last thing the other boys heard from him was his slow drawl over the radio saying as calmly as if he were announcing he was going for a walk-''Boys, I'm going dowq." That was. a year_ ago. ~andy wa_s reported missing m action and it may be that he or one or more members of hfs crew might _have escaped somehow and been picked u~ by a Jap ~oat. But the othe,r pilots doubt it. A B-26 doesn t float and it's almost impossible to bale out of ono of them. He was a. g:an: :id and a game one and one of the best little pals a man ever had. But gameness is no rare attribute among our kids in all branches of the service. I have seen remarkable and extra.ordinary feats of heroism among air- death. But they have met and licked the Jap on ~is favorite fighting grou;1d-the Jungle-and they know it 1s only a question of time until they finish him. + + + How soon these boys can finish the Japs depends on how !ast you give them the needed plA.1.~s, -uns and reinforcements. It's· 1p tc you. Give MacArthur and hif gang the necessary equipment and they'll do the job for you as it st.ould be done. The boys are ftghtlnr as a team over there. Airmen, intransport and supply men all ::!~dto;::h:~c:e:~~:~~t ~:: other and they all are aware of that fact. The infantry couldn't get to first base without the airmen; the alrmen couldn't take an inch ot ground without the infantry; and neither could get anywhere at all lthout the engineers to build ~ads, bridges and air flelds-cutUni them out ot virgin jungle land -and the ordna'?ce men to feed them the ammunition. + + + I ltl un le ou_r men lead. a pr m ve j g life m New ~umea. the slee In the fightmg zones, .Y P on the ground, rolled up m their 2;~i~~1~t~J;;l~~t~~~~• Ii; ~~~::l;~: nt: ; might easily have saved themselves by bailing out and letting the plane crash. I've seen wounded kids muster a smile no matter how badly injured and I've known them to insist on manning a machine gun despite their wounds. They will raise hell about thelr grub or lack of amusement or living conditions, perhaps, but never will they complain about any hardships they may have to undergo in combat. They are fighting fools and to a man all they ask is a chance to finish the job and get back home and their !dea. of finishing the job ls to wipe the Japs off the face of the earth and march into Tokyo. . Everyone . of them realizes the 1task that hes ahead. They know the Jap is not a pushover. They don't nderest111;1ate hi"?. Neither do they overestimate him. They have found him a wily, 1 1 :r:a:::•t:h:i ::: their little pup tents between trees; and farther behind the front they often get the natives to help them build crude huts of bamboo poles and kunai grass with sloping peaked roofs for protection against the rain. Except for cocoanuts which abound in some sections of New Guinea, our troops live almost enUrely on canned and dehydrated foods, flown over to them by trans• port planes from Australia. The bill of fare 1s by no means fancy. There ts the traditional tinned bully beef, beans, hard tack, canned meat and ve~table rations, and sometimes dehydrated portions of meat and potatoes. The only beverage is coffee. The army cooks build their fires and sltng up their big pots just like native tribesmen. It may be a somewhat montonous diet, but the boys know they went into New Guinea to fightnot to feast. !~i~~r1;;:;·d-~i;~~~ li~~~henct~!~::a~ I frenzy and who often fights to the I I �Journal of Slain Yank Officer Reveals "'-'s·~ ~ Trip to Guinea Front Was Tough, Too standing and enthusiasm. ThlnlDing quite a bit of J. these days. How much there is to live for now. How much there will be to do after this war. I must pull through; I ~~P~~=tl~~1ge \V~~~~~e:cfy ~' ; ~: tlnguished for his superb coverage of will; I've just begun to live. the warfare in Papua. This dispatch Funny how little significance was sent by special radio to the Chicago Daily News foreign .service- and The time has to us now. Only today Grand Rapids Press. It will appear~ seems to matter. Increasingly, both two chapters.) past and future cease to influence (Copyright, Chicago Daily News, Inc.)' our outlook and sensations of ex~ Buna, New Guinea, Jan. 14.-This istence. Today is here, quite real is a journal of a voyage such as and not unpleasant; the past weeks thousands of America's fighting and months 6eem to have rolled with miraculous ease and spee.i men have taken, the voyage to into a half-forgotten limbo; tomorNew Guinea. For the brave and row is hazy, intangible and only high-spirited young man in this rell\otely thought of. Land Sighted, story it was a journey without re turning. The man who wrote these Nov. 18, 1942. line:; now sleeps wit h the men he A beautiful morning. Sighted land off the port side. 'Rocky, barled in the wet, dark soil of Papua, ren crags, about five miles west.. where he fell. ward. Usual bad dreams last night. This is not a journal of advenFortunate action is not far off; t ture; it is a spiritual journal. At resolve all these phantoms. It's hot the time this young officer wrote enough to broil the skin half off these lines he had not yet been in half an hour's exposure but this under fire. He had never led men is becoming a beautiful trip; just against the Japanese. This is not, then, a journal of like a travelog. But this warm, lazy life doesn't ordeal by battle. It is the journal create much of an appetite. How ot the ordeal that precedes battle, I'd like to dive overboard for a the struggle with self. In this swim. We're all becoming brown journal of a voyage by sea to New as nuts. Everyone in the pink of Guinea is the self-questioning that condition. This would be a wonis the spiritual preparation of derful trip to take in peacetime. democratic men for battle. Here Now there is too much of a burden is the examination of conscience. on the mind. The prospect ahead Here is the weighing of motives, t ends to sober u s all and diminish political and moral. the enjoyment of these natural Typical American. wonders which otherwise would be And in this journal, after this so acute. Rumors that in a big typical American self-questioning, naval engagement up north, the is the final decision, with clear Japs lost 15 ships. That would be intimations that this sensitive as something to hope for, but hard well as courageous officer guessed, to believe. even as he wrote, that the final Nov, 19; 1942, sacrifice might be his own. Up at 6:30 at usual. Can't sleep Margos D. Margosian was a sec· any later; force of habit and the ond lieutenant. He was of Arme- rattling of cans on deck as breaknian origin. His home was in Wor- fast is prepared. Very little appecester, Mass. In him the older New tite; but never felt better. AnEngland tradition was mingled chored early this morning, to re with his own volatile but quiet na· ceive orders. ture. Margosian was about 5 feet How I'd love to explore all these 1 8 inches tall and had a narrow face bays and islands with a sailboat. with dark hair and eyes. He was Rifle inspection at 10 a. m. Pretty in his early tw_enties when he died, good condition. The boys don't Here is the journal: need much prompting now to care Nov. 15, 1942, for their weapons. Boarded ship for trip north. Getting_ _ browner by the day. 1 Probably headed for Port Moresby. Coming closer to the equator every Men in pretty good spirits, al- day. A number of the officers are though obviously depressed at bot- cutting their bayonets down. The tom. Most of them are so young, result i~ an evil-looking dagger, so in love with life, so fearful of sturdy and capable. Discovered: the unknown terrors they imagine Chess players and two sets of lie ahead. Again, it is the old chessmen. Had my first game with story: If oilly they possessed a the doctor. real understanding of his war; why Nov. 20, 1942. it must be fought to a victorious Strange to be writing Nov. 20, in conclusion if we have to pursue the midst of such tropic heat. Still the Fascists to the ends of the anchored in the bay. Rumored earth; a new- era in our lives open- that there is another showdown ing up. It is definite now that we scrap going on in the Solomons, are going into action. and that our orders are being held Wo all realize that there will be up, pending the decision reached in some of us who d:o not come back. this latest battle. Wish we could It is a sobering influence, and con• get to a newspaper. For all we ducive to thought. know, a second front-land frontin Europe may by now have been The troops are really packed on successfully opened. this ship. It is actually a cargo This shipboard Jife seems to he vessel, with equipment in the lower like that in another world. Is<?lated htolds, anld mien in rthteheu~riorr h~~~ completely. Nothing to do but laze s rewn c ose Y ave , ., only ·a blank~t for a bed. Awa.its Test of Belief. Nov. 16, 1942, A cloudy, dismal day today. Still in the. bay. 'l'he prospect of action is like the influence of the flame on a moth. How many of us will this fire destroy? But that is something I, for one, am not wasting time thinking of. Sufficient that I will finally have the chance to act, to test my belief, to prove myself worthy of a wonderful woman. It is all very exhilarating. l Already, I can foresee that the life ahead will lift us out of ourselves, (Editor's note: The unusual journal of a "Journey to New Guinea," in which an American second lieutenant bares his heart and mind while at sea, bound for jungle war in which he met 1 I , e~f:V A Soldier 3Comes Home -,B ·l':;3 around all day, read, write, play chess, bask dreamily in the sun, gaze out over the bay a t the sharppeaked islands ringing us around. There is a calm beauty about tbis · all that seems to banish all care and worry from the mir.d. Our boys look more like beachcombers every day. Tanned, with heavy beards, in all stages of undress. Some few remain keenly aware that this m.ay be the lull before the storm. No doubt it is. Closer to Primitive. We are so tar away from home; the future is so uncertain; our environment so new, that it is hard to retain clear memories of the past; of home and loved ones. Daily we are getting closer to the primitive, with all its demands on the faculties; the 100 per cent attention and concentration which must be if survlval is to be had. However, the unconscious persists, and our dreams remind us of what consciousness, struggling to conform with a stranger reality, would forget. Once in a while, too, I yearn with a heart-burning desire for J., and at times I wonder if she has new men friends, who they are, to what degree they claim her attention. Then I get momentarily savage; then it' vanishes as quickly as it came. We are learning to be very sensible in this new life. The emotions are bowing to a discipline never before endured. Began reading book on New Guinea gold fields. Marvel at the courage and tenacity displayed by these Australian pr ospectors. Makes one wonder at the timidity felt by some at the prospect of landing on this island; with all the aids of a scientific civilization, and in organized numbers. But then we will be facing more than the usual evils of jungle sickness, vermin, head hunters and whatnot. There will be a savage, numerous foe awaiting us, at least as well equipped, and more familiar with the jungle. What a wilderness this New Guinea must be. The last stronghold of the primeval. Increasingly, the idea is taking hold on me: to bring J. here after the war, to give her all 1 W ounded Local Officer, in Battle Creek llospital, Tells His Reactions How it feels to go t o the end of the earth and return to your own country within one year is set forth eloquently in a letter ~:n:i:ni~ 0 ~s~ pita! by Lt. Edgar Foster, 22, to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Edgar B. Foster, 3425 Oak- leLt'i os; ;':;·r, f who was wounded in action in the New i Gu i n e a campaign, arrived in San Francisco last week. By a curious LT. FOSTER, coincidence, his father, who was attached to the 17th ambulance company of the medical corps in World war I, also served under Gen. McArthur and, like Lt. Foster, received a serious injury to his right ankle. ''Everything is going backwards," the son's letter · begins. "From Michigan to Massachuse tts to Cali• fornia t o Australia to Port Moresby, over the Owen Stanley m oun• tains on foot to Buna. The n, 'Ba'.ng,' and the machinery is slapped into reverse. From Buna back over the Owen Stanleys by plane to Port Moresby to Australia and back to California." Now in Bat tle Cr eek. Actually, Lt. Foster is Qack in Michigan already. Just after his letter reached home, his parents learned he had been ·transferred to the Percy Jones hospital in Battle Creek. "It is good to be ho~ again," his letter continues. "It is good to be back where the people talk American, look American, and everything wears the stamp 'Made in the USA.' To see lots of automobiles on smooth, wide streets, tall buildings, dime stores and T'0 k yo W Orff$ Jap·a'nese to Exp_ect B,ombings J -~ 'I--- If~ NEW YORK, <lP,-Tokyo broadI casts are warning the Japanese people to expect air raids over · Japan and Increasing submarine tt k "'! a ac s upon s,. PP1ng. A war review broadcast, report:i~n~~a~:e flr::c:nZ~ywr: ;~fi°r~:= tinuing air raid• on ou1• forces. A "' !:~u~:~:ics~~e~~~~:~;; ;:!nfh:~= fore ihe enemy hopes to carry out raids over Japan. Chungking has many plane factories and field repair shops. We must realize the situation." _ As to shipping, the broadcast said ''The enemy is using her submarines in the hope of destroying our supply lines. Of course, we cannot underestimate submarine activities. We m ust expect further activities by enemy sub marines and therefore must build more ships to replace our lost ships.'' ~~~s ;r~~ ~f;hb;~~!~j!i which we all possess. We are playing for "!;>ig stakes. It is all_ a gamble, dangerous but worth while for no other way can a man's sensibilities be so sharpened. \i~ Al rP .. ,1 . . '° 1 ---------------------------------------------------------1 h amburg joints. It's good to be able to read the comics at Sunday mor ning breakfast, even to have Sunday breakfast." Describing the voyage home, Lt. Foster writes: "The ship is being used as an army transport. The crew is all Dutch. There was a doctor on board, a tall, lanky Texan, and nine enlisted men to take care of the bed patients. The trip was very pleasant. It was a rest from hospital routine. We didn't have our temperatures and pulses checked four times a day. We were left alone unless we hol .. lered for something. The meals were good, and the sea air gave us a huge appetit e. By permission of Col. Landis and t he doctor we were able to have a bottle of beer each day. That was a welcome a nd appreciated treat. Each afternoon a Javanese boy, one of those acting as stewards and cabin boys, came trotting in with the beer. A Javanese, like the elephant, never forgets. H omeland on t he Hor izon. t'The weather was exceedingly / calm. I have never seen the Pacific as smooth as it was during t he days we were in the tropical zone. I have seen it plenty rough while we were in the Coral sea. It was so rough that the liferafts were swept into the sea and three men were lost overboard. But never have I imagined an ocean could be so perfectly smooth, without a rip~~~/r a break, as it was those [ "We docked just at noon, Fridar, March 12. A month less than a year ago I had left the United States for Australia. I saw again all that I had looked at last and watched fade from view - the Golden Gate, Alcatraz, Treasure Island, the Oakland bridge, San francisco. I had walked off Ameri ~ can soil, but was carried back on, minus only a few splinters of bone and hunks of flesh. The big thing · is that I got back, when I never really expected t o." Lt. Foster left for service with the national guard, in which he had served two years, and gained his commission by advancement through the ranks. A brother, Pvt. Kenneth Fost er, 21, is attending aircraft mechanic school at Keesler field, Miss., and an uncle. Staff Sgt. Gordon Foster-who is four months younger than his nephew -also served in New Guinea and now is in an Australian rest camp. , a ozen tunes, ave argued_the necessity of my playing :h leadmg role. I am convinced ~re is no alternative. I wo1.1ld no want it otherwise. With so many millions of brave men dead th r ough resistance to the Fascist terror; w;th millions 1nore right !1°w locked in mortal struggle with it, should I, such a small part of the whole scheme, begr udge by services, even if it be required that I make the absolute sacrifice? I see now, clearer than ever be~ore, that life is meaningless a1;1d mtolerable when a man does not have a cause he can devote himself to, h eart and soul. And that a ;i~ahnyvcaaluuse•. • pregnant with high Nov. 17, 1942· We!l out at sea now; going north. Su_n 1_s really hot, burning the bare skm m a few minutes. In a couple of more days it Should be· really warm. The sea is choppy today and !1- beautiful deep blue. Lj.ke a precwus jewel with light in boundl~ss depth. Was slightly sick last mght. Threw it off in short order :~~e~r::.cked breakfast with a good _Can see that this trip will also give us the opportunity to read, la~e ~round, and do some serious th m.k~ng. ~ood thing I came well fortified with reading matter. Today read Tom Wintringham's "New Ways of War." Excellent. Some- _ _ ___,..,1 t~mg every man on board, espe• ciall:r ~he officers, should read. It IS hard to be part of a common effort and yet to be so iso• lated for lack ot a real under- �1ournal of Slain Yank Officer Reveals ~!> ·"'°:> Trip to Guinea Front Was Tough, Too (EdilM'I note: The unusual journal or a "Journey to New Guinea,'" In which an American aecond Jleutenant bares bis heart and mind whlle at seat 13. i:U-P::s:1:!~r bhe a:. respondent George Weller, a lreaa'y dls- ~sun~J::e&~ ttnguiahed for his superb coverage ot the warfare in Papua. This dlr.patch n:r1t~nJe~s ~~~~~adi~~c~ea~lc,We It Grand Rapids Press. will appear~ two chapters.) (Copyright, C ~ y News, Inc.) Buna, New Guinea, Jan.14.-This is a journal of a voyage such as thousands of America's fighting men have taken, the voyage to New Guinea. For the brave and high-spirited young man in this story it was a journey without returning. The man who wrote these line~ now sleeps with the men he led in the wet, dark soil of Papua, where he fell. This is not a journal of adventure; it is a spiritual journa1. At the time this young officer wrote these Jines he had not yet been under fire. He had never led men against the Japanese. This is not, then, a journal of ordeal by battle. It is the journal ot the ordeal that precedes battle, the struggle with self. In this journal of a voyage by sea to New Guinea is the self-questioning that is the spiritual preparation of democratic men for battle. Here is the examination of conscience. Here is the weighing of motives, political and moral. Typical American. And in this journal, after this typical American self-questioning, is the final decision, with clear intimations that this sensitive as well as courageous officer guessed, even as he wrote, that the final sacrifice might be his own. Margos D. Margosian was a second lieutenant. He was of Armenian origin. His home was in Worcester, Mass. In him the older New ataa4ing and enthualaam. 'rblnlllo Inc quite a hit of J. these da7L Bow much there Is to Jive for now. Bow much there will be to do after this war. I mu1t pull thronrh; I will; rve just begun to Jive. Funny how little significance time has to us now. Only today seems to matter. Increasingly, both past and future cease to influence our outlook and sensations of ex• istence. Today is here, quite real and not unpleasant; the past weeks and months seem to have rolled with miraculous case and speeC into a hatf-forgottJ!n limbo; tomorrow is hazy, intangible and only remotely thought of. Land Slrhted. Nov. 18, 1942. A beautiful morning. Sighted land off the port side. «tocky, barren crags, about five miles westward. Usual bad dreams last night. Fortunate action is not far off; resolve all these phantoms. It's hot enough to broil the skin half off in half an hour's exposure but this is becoming a beautiful trip; just like a travelog. But this warm, lazy life doesn't create much ot an appetite. How I'd like to dive overboard for a swim. We're all becoming brown as nuts. Everyone in the pink of condition. This would be a wonderful trip to take in peacetime. Now there is too much of a burden on the mind. The prospect ahead tends to sober us all and diminish the enjoyment of these natural wonders which otherwise would be so acute. Rumors that in a big naval engagement up north, the Japs lost 15 ships. That would be something to hope for, but hard to believe. Nov. 19, 1942. Up at 6:30 at usual. Can't sleep any later; force of habit and the rattling of cans on deck as breakfast is prepared. Very little appetite; but never felt better. Anchored early this morning, to receive orders. Bow I'd love to explore all these bays and island& with a sailboat. Riffe inspection at 10 a. m. Pretty good condition. The boys don't meed much promptin&' now to care for their weapons. Getting_ browner by the day, Coming closer to the equator every day. A number of the officers are cutting their bayonets down. The result i~ an evil•looking dagger, sturdy and capable. Discovered: Chess players and two sets of chessmen. Had my first game with ' the doctor. I see now, clearer than ever before, that life is meaningless and intolerable when a man does not have a cause he can devote himself to, heart and soul. And that a worthy cause, pregnant with high human value. Nov. 17, 1942. Well out at sea now; going north. Sun is really hot, burning the bare skin in a few minutes. In a couple of more days it should be really warm. The sea 1s choppy today and a beautiful deep blue. Like a precious jewel with light in bound• less depth. \Vas slightly sick last night. Threw it off in short order and attacked breakfast with a good appetite. Can sec that this trip will also give us the opportunity to read, laze around, and do some serious thinking. Good thing I came wen fortified with reading matter. Today read Tom Wintringham's ••New Ways of War." Excellent. Some- .. thing every man on board, especiaJly -the officers, should read. It Is hard to be part of a common effort and yet to be 10 isolated for lack of a real under- ROund all day, read, write, play cheu, haak drea.mlly In the sun, gaze out over the bay at the sharppeaked bland& ringing u1 around. There is a calm beauty about tbis all that seems to banish all care and worry from the mind. Our boys look more like beach• combers every day. Tanned, with heavy beards, in all stages ot Un• · dress. Some few remain keenly aware that this may be the lull before the storm. No doubt it is. Closer to Primitive. We are so tar away from home; the future is so uncertain; our environment so new, that it is hard to retain clear memories of tbe past; of home and loved ones. Daily we are getting closer to the primitive, with all its demands on the faculties; the 100 per cent attention and concentration which must be if survival is 1:0 be had. However, the unconscious persists, and our dreams rernlnd us of what consciousness, struggling to conform with a stranger reality, would forget. Once in a while, too, I yearn with a heart-burning desire for J., and at times I wonder if she has new men friends, who they arc, to what degree they claim her attention. Then I get momentarily savage; then it vanishes as quickly as it came. We arc learning to be very sensible in this new life. The emotions are bowing to a discipline never before endured. Began reading book on New Guinea gold fields. Marvel at the courage and tenacity displayed by these Australian prospectors. Makes one wonder at the timidity felt by some at the prospect of landing on this island; with all the aids of a scientific civilization, and in organized numbers. But then we will be facing more than the usual evils of jungle sickness, vermin, head hunters and whatnot. There will be a savage, numerous foe awaiting us, at least as well equipped, and more familiar with the jungle. What a wilderness this New Guinea must be. The last stronghold of the primeval. Increasingly, the idea is taking hold on me: to bring J. here after the war, to give her all 3 -,B · Y. 3 Wounded Local Officer, in Battle Creek llospital, Tells His Reactions How it feels to go to the end of the earth and return to your own country within one year is set forth eloquently in a Jetter written from a California hos- ~ pita! by Lt. Edgar Foster, 22, to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Edgar B. Foster, 3425 Oakley-av., S. W. ( Lt. Foster, who was wounded in ac• ~ tion in the New ~ Gu in ea campaign, arrived in San Francisco Jast week. By a curious LT. FOSTER. coincidence, his father, who was attached to the 17th ambulance company of the medical corps in World war I, also served under Gen. McArthur and, like Lt. Foster, received a serious injury to his right ankle. ''Everything is going backwards," the son's Jetter begins. "From Michigan to Massachusetts to Ca1ifornia to Australia to Port Mores• by, over the Owen Stanley mountains on foot to Buna. Then, 'Bang,' and the machinery is slapped into reverse. From Buna back over the Owen Stanleys by plane to Port Moresby to Australia and back to California.'' Now in Battle Creek. Actually, Lt. Foster is ljack In Michigan already. Just after his letter reached home, his parents learned he had been transferred to the Percy Jones hospital in Battle Creek. Hit is good to be ho~ again," his letter continues. "It is good to be back where the people talk American, look American, and everything wears the stamp 'Made in the USA.' To see lots of automobiles on smooth, wide streets, tall buildings, dime stores and I I Tolcyo Warns Japanese to N ov. 20' 1942• .. Stra!1ge to be writm~ Nov. 20, ~n the midst of such tropic heat. Stlll anchored in the bay. Rumored that the~e is a~other showdown scrap gomg on in the ~lomotrs, and that_ our orders_ are bemg he!d up., pending the dec1sl?n reached 1n this latest battle. Wish we could get to a newspaper. For all we ~now, a second front-land frontm Europe may by now have been succ~ssful_ly opened. ThlS shipboard life seems to ho like that in another world. Isolated ~~mplelely. Nothing to do but laoe A Soldier Comes Home ExP,ecf Bombings J·~""-'f-' I NEW YORK, <lPJ-Tokyo broadcasts are warning the Japanese people to expect air raids over Japan and increasing submarine attacks upon •lilpplng. A war review broadcast, reported by the office of war information, said "the enemy is still continuing air raids on our forces. The American planes Jn China will be further strengthened and therefore the enemy hopes to carry out raids over Japan. Chungklng has many plane factories and field repair shops. We must realize the situation." As to shipping, the broadcast said ''The enemy ts using her submarines in the hope of destroying our supply 11nes. Of course, we cannot underestimate submarine activities. We mu.et expect further activities by enemy submarines and therefore must build more ships to replace our lost ships.'' hamburg joints. It's good to be able to read the comics at Sunday morning breakfast, even to have Sunday breakfast." Describing the voyage home, Lt. Foster writes: "The ship is being used as an army transport. The crew is all Dutch. There was a doctor on board, a tall, lanky Texan, and nine enlisted men to take care of the bed patients. The trip was very pleasant. It wa~ a rest from hospital routine. We didn't have our temperatures nnd pulses checked four times a day. · We were left alone unless we hol"\ lered for something. The meals were good, and the sea air gave us a huge appetite. By permission of Col. Landis and the doctor we were able to have a bottle of beer each day. That was a welcome and appreciated treat. Each afternoon a Jav.::mese boy, one of those acting as stewards and cabin boys, came trotting in with the beer. A Javanese, like the elephant, never f forgets. Homeland on the Horizon. ••The w~ather was exceedingly calm. I have never seen the Pacific as smooth as it was during the days we were in the tropical zone. I have seen it plenty rough while we were In the Coral sea. It was so rough that the liferafts were swept into the sea and three men were lost overboard. But never have I imagined an ocean could be so perfectly smooth, without a rip• ple or a break, as it was those days. ''We docked just at noon, Fridar, March 12. A month less than a year ago I had left the United States for Australia. I saw again all that I had Jooked at last and watched fade from view - the Golden Gate, Alcatraz, Treasure Island, the Oakland bridge, San francisco. I had walked off Ameri• can soil, but was carried back on 1 minus only a few splinters of bone and hunks of flesh. The big thing is that I got back, when I never really expected to." Lt. Foster left for service with the national guard, in which he had served two years, and gained his commission by advancement through the ranks. A brother, Pvt. Kenneth Foster, 21, is attending aircraft mechanic school at KeesJer field, Miss., and an uncle. Staff Sgt. Gordon Foster-who is four months younger than his nephew -also served in New Guinea and now is in an Australian rest camp. �Ordeal in New Guinea ..3 - 11. - 'f J--=----=---------~-~-~,....,,,"""'.'1i!'?'.'l' ~ :...._-~..,._:_-_..,.:._-_-_-_-_-_-_-:_-_-_-_-_.:_..., ,., _~:_-_..._~ ,;,.!, ,.;".J!JJ"~ Jflarbling j,4.! Red-'t--3Arrows In War's Strangest Air Baffle Zone In the Hcond article of hts series about the New Guinea front from which he has just returned, Pat Robinson, veteran INS war correspondent, teU1 why this ts one of the atrang• est aerial battle zones of the war. By PAT ROBINSON (Copyrla-ht, llHll) NEW YORK (INS)-You ha.ve re&d, perhaps, of how our men drov.1 the Japa out of Buna. Gona, Cape Endaladere, and Sanananda Point. But I wondei-· If you realize the hardahlps they underwent or the fierce fighting that took place before that task was finished. To get a cl-ear picture of what happened, you must first realize the nature of the terrain and how the Japs coni:l~ Buna., for instance, is hardly more t\lan a name on a map. Before th• Ja.ps took It Jut JUll•• :t. Rob.Inson . th-ere were exactly six European houses and a. few native buts there. But it's strategic value ls immense, because with that region in our hands we can build and uae airfields there and step up our bombing o! other Jap stronghold• a thousandfold. Between Port Moresby on the western aide of the peninsula, which form• the tall of New Guinea, affll the Buna recton on the east., lies the Owen Stanley ranre which contalrul 110me of the densest Jungle on earth and which rises 13,000 feet Into aides of cobalt blue. It 11 a pra-eously beautiful land but it is a poisonou• brooding beauty that alway• seems to hold the prom.lie of death. Before we took Bun& we had to fly across tbat range from Moresby to get a crack at any J"ap 1tronghold, Tha.t requir• onlY, 20 mtnutea ot flying ttme and you might • uppose it would be easy Actually, there are day• when neither the Jape nor ourselves can get acroH the range. Dense clouds close down over the mountains every afternoon and any pilot would have to fly blind to pt across and perha:P• crash into a mountain aide. Many a. plane hU been lost In just that way. 11lako (Continued from Page 1) over there but it is far more so at night when a pilot may run into , a thunderhead at any time. Theae thunderheads have both a down· draft and an updraft and they are strong enough to tear the wings of! even our biggest bomben. Capt. Dick Robinson, a redheaded pilot of a B-26, once ran into a thunderhead at 10,000 :feet and in a flash bis plane dropped to 1,500 feet before he came out of it. Fortunately, he was over the sea at the time. Had he been over the mountains-well, he would not have been able to tell me about it. + + + Those mountains have been both a blessing and a curse to us. They were a blessing before the Japs started their drive over them toward Port Moresby because our listening posts stationed ih the mountains could give us warning ot an impending Jap air raid. As the Japs drove on over i.he Kokoda trail toward Moresby we Jost our "eyes" and uears" and there came a time when we had no warning at all ot a raid and the Japs would be over us bombing and strafing, before we had a chance to get a plane oft' the ground. When ,ve drove the Japs beck over the range and took Buna we recovered all our listening poe:ts and now the Japs dare not come over raiding except at night. The mountains were a curse to us when we had to cross them ourselves, driving the Japs betore us. But cross them we did, and the way our own troops crossed them made aviation history. + + + The weather "builds up," as the pilots aay, on the Buna. side of the range to make it the worst flylna- weather to be found &nY• where on ea.rth. Thick clouds rise from sea level to more than 50,000 feet and tho.t "front" ts usually at least 100 miles wide and 1,000 miles long. It ts almost impossible to go through it, around it, under it or over ~t. It 111 alway• dangerous to fly too long to transpcrt th"!" to New Guinea by water. He convinced MacArthu~ the job could be done and MacArthur, having explicit faith in Kenney, told him to go ahead. Kenney at once commandeMed every old transport plane he would ftnd, stuck a lot of darJng young pilots in them, and told them to go ahead. Belle,•e it or not, they tranalM)rted thousands of troops. most of whom had never flown in their Jive", without loss of a single man. I saw tliem land in New Guinea and I saw them take off again to fly over th e mountains. Again the job was completed without loss: Not only did they fly aU the troops but th ey also flew ammunition' clo th ing, food, jeeps and even larg~ dismantled guns. It was a job surpassing even that accomplished by the Germans at Crete. See ROBINSON-Pase U Famous ,'l2nd Division Drops Old Marching Songs to Go All-Out for Swing lllusic Somewhere in New Guinea--(JP)So you'd like a story about blaring bands, wavirrg flags and men marching to stirring music? Brother, there just isn't anything like that for Americans fighting in the jungles in this part of the world. War these days has lost its glamor. The bands, the stirring marches, the pretty women waving goodby have been left far behind by the Americans over here-say about a thousand miles or so behind. When the 32nd <Red Arrow I division set o:fr for the front lines at Euna they rode in big trucks over dusty roads to airfields, climbed aboard transport planes and ]anded at some jungle flying strip. If they saw ,vomen at all on their arrival it was probably some dusky natives. TrooJ)s Still Singing. Not that there isn't music of a sort in the front lines. You couldn't take that away from the Americans, but the chances are it is some barbershop quartet singing "White Christmas," "Mister Five by Five" or some other swing number they heard over the radio. Swing is the thing over here. Such marching songs as ''Over There," which the soldiers sang in the World war have taken a defl• nite back seat. The soldiers in New Guinea prefer a quaint little number entitled: "Hardships, You So• and-So's You Don't Know What Hardships Arc!" It tells the story about more fortunate men who stay behind in Australia drawing their pay while the rest of lhc boys go to the front lines to fig~t. They've _also taken up a couple of Austrahan songs Jike "Bless 'Em All" and "Waltzing Mati1da." They have added a few verses to "Bless 'Em All" which you may hear when the boys come home-but not in a drawing room. Both the army and navy could use some good service songs. One navr favorite still is "The Armored Cruiser Squadron," which •goes ! : back at least a s far as the Spanish-American war. T~e marines have a good song, which the motion pictures have made even more popular and even the army sings "From 'the Halls of Montezuma." But just to show how far swing has taken hold down here there's the story about the arrlval <?f the first American troop convoy 1n New Zealand. Ea.ch Has Swing Band. The Anzac band on the dock struck up the "Stars and Stripes Forever" and the Amerkan band on the first ship replied with "The Beer Barrel Polka." Every o_utfit has its 1itt1e swing ban~, which g~es in for hot jam ~es5 ions. ~he _biggest drawing card in . AuS t raha is the 32nd division swmg band, composed of some 15 pieces. It is comparable with some . of the best dance bands ifl Amer~.;a, As for good o]d marches, you can ;!~de: the word of one sergeant, who "We don't need them because we aren't doing any marching, any:vay. And say-don't you go givmg them any ideas, rither!" + + + But· the job had. only begun. For many weeks thereafter the trans• port boys had to keep those troops fed and to do it they carried 600~ pounds o.t stuff a day, shuithng back and forth as many as seven times a day. They'd take over supplies, land on fields where no civilian plane would dream of landing, and bring back wounded 1 men. They gave one of the., grandest examples o! American initiative, pluck, skill and daring the world has ever seen and when the story of this war is written no little credit must go to the boys of the transport command. Super Service on the Jungle Front 'I- - ;i 1/- + + + Lieut. Gen. George Kenney, head ot the air corps over there, proposed to transport thousands of troops from Australia to New Guinea and then over the Owen Stanley range by air. The Australians thought he was crazy and I have an idea some o! our own military men also thought so. The troops were needed in a I •l'Ur<Y. a.nd Kenney knew It lll'.Ould -1 Jeep just out of the New Guinea juncle tank• up at ''.fllllnc 1tation" for military vehicle• run by three American •oldlen. "The Three Yanks" have posted the USll&I gasoline 1tatlon • ip1, ineludinc "No S1_11okln&" and "U•Curve Inn.'' I �Ordeal in New Guinea--1.and of Mystery ~ Their Idea of Heaven ew Guinea Veterans Enjoy Good Food•. , Music and Swimming While Resting ~ _J. 'I - 'f-_J \- I (By l\'Iurlin Spencer.) Maj~ W. D. Hawkins, Bronxville, With American Troops in a N. Y., has added eight pounds, Southwestern Padfic Rest Camp- ' which he believes is about aver(A')-Pvt. Paul Phillips kicked the age. loose sand at the foot of his cot The American soldier in rest with a polished shoe and said: camp is placed in strict quarantine "This is my idea of heaven." for 17 days after he comes out of If you had been at Buna or Sa- the jungle. Medical officers watch nanda .>r Sr•.i.v ,ta or any of the bat- hil"(l closely as he gradually retered, rain-soaked New Guinea duces his daily dose of quinine. villages like them, yoti would Frequent blood tests determine know what this Niles, Mich., youth whether the malaria germ is in the meant. .J-•tr·'f ~ Yanks on Jungle Fron# This is the fourth article in a series by Pat Robinson, veteran INS war correspondent, about the New Guinea front from which he has just returned. streams and followed their winding course until they ran into a native village hidden in the jungle fastness and were given food and drink and first aid by the friendly natives. + + • so narrow, step and tortuous that it takes five days to cover five miles afoot in .some parts although tt requires only minutes to go from Moresby to Buna by air. You can stand on a mountain at By PAT ROBINSON (Copyright 1948) NEW YORK (INS)-New Guinea is a land of mystery a brooding silence seems to ba~g over its swamps and jungles, unrelieved ex• cept for the popping of machine guns, the roar of cannon or the blast from a falling bomb. It is hot by day, cold at night, especially in the mountains. Streams flow silently down its mountain sides, rivers through its deep unexplored gor,es. Many of the maps of New Gunlea are worse than useless. Thus far our army has found them mines of misinformation. Even the best of maps will carry some such nota• tion as this: "Probable course · of river." ~our first glimpse of Ne_w Guinea when flying from Austraha reveals tree-covered hills sweeping back from the curved shore around Port Moresby. Outside the bay is a coral ·reet' of amazingly varied colors - deep blue fading into pale shades of green and purpli$h brown combinations that must be seen to be believed. That reef is a constant barrier to any invading fleet. On it lies a ship which ran aground there 20 years ago and which our pilots use for practice in dive bombing. A few miles back you can see the tall, menacing, imposing peaks of the Owen Stanley range which splits the tail of New Guinea. If you look at a map you will note that the island is formed like one of the giant Iguanas which inhabit it. The head is poised toward the equator on the west, the left leg under th~ body looks a~ if ready to spring, with the foot formed by Henry island, and the right leg is formed by the peninsula which holds Lae1 a Jap stronghold, at its base. The tail is formed by the long, narrow peninsula stretching do:wn to Samarai with Port Moresby halfway down on the left and Buna on the right. ~:w~n:;:e:ho~;kac~~~s toe a friend h nd d Y P rhaps a 8 u re yar away. You tell him you will be right over to see him. But to reach him you will have to spe nd hours climbing down your mountat_n and up his and if you reach him after 12 h~urs of climbing you may consider yourself lucky. Heaven on earth in the eye9 of bi~d. is examined for othe{ disa battle-worn soldier is any place eases. where there is dry underfoot, dry While the men know the close clothing, big steaks on the fire, check is necessary, they're impa1fresh vegetables in the pot and tient to get away and into the fresh milk for the asking. nearest city. There's a reason It is a place where a soldier can for that, too. They've had their get out and play catch with a first pay in five months, an averfootball as Sgt. Lewis Shannon, age of $300 per man, and it's Jefferson, Wis., and Pvt. Peter burning holes in their pockets. Paget, Detroit, Mich., were doin~. + + + That's more fun and a lot Neither white man nor black healthier, too, than throwing has set foot on much of New grenades. Guine?-'S deepest jungles although Like Guitar Music. our ptl?ts have flown over almost It is a place where a soldier can every mch of it. go in the surf like Pvt. George Many ot them, running out Ney, Riddlcsburg, Pa., and Sgt. of gas, or lost, or shot down Paul Cummings, Novi, Mich., tn combat; have spent days were doing, You could do that at and even weeks trekking Buna-if you figured you could through the Jungles, cutting swim or run 'fast enough when a their way through dense unJapanese Zero happened by. dergrowth where not even the It is a place where you can sit narrowest native path ex• down and listen so Cpl. Edward lsted. + + + Vatassek, Anita, Pa. 1 play his Many failed to come out and Between Bun a and Moresby, guitar-and know that a Jap won't they rest where only the purling stretching doV{n the peninsula and hear you. of a brook and the soft call of forming its ba'ckbone is the Owen It is a place where there is no strange birds play their requiem. Stanley range. marching, no drilling. Others found their way to The trails across that range are Uncle Sam is "going all out" for the soldiers of this regiment which saw probably more action than any other in the battles around • Buna. Fresh meat and vegetables, beer and ice cream-all they can. eat and drink-are filling out hollow frames. t And how those boys eat. Figures aren't available for the exact amount of food consumed by each soldier, who was lived for months on canned rations and powered . ~-3\-lf.3 ..... ageous leadership and 1rut1at1Ve m milk, but it's plenty. Battle Creek-(A')-If the army leading his platoon in an attack on Pvt. Myron Frazier, Merill, Wis., has a silver star award for Sgt. estimated, however, that each solvillage on Nov. 30." James K. Broner of Muskegon, Buna dier averaged a pound of meat a So the question was put to Sgt. he's at P€:rcy Jones General hos- James K. Broner-not Brower. day. He should know. fie was , pital-and he can't believe it. slicing huge steaks in a tent. "What did I do on Nov. 30? Well, The 20-year-old veteran of the Jet's sec," he paused a moment, reOh Boy! What Food! New Guinea campaign, his left leg calling the period after the famed One hundred and fifty men will , amputated above the knee, sat ~n 32nd division marched 41 days over put away about 150 quarts of milk his bed here Wednesday and said the Owen Stanley mountains. a day, probably more. They'll use he hoped reports of such a citation "Oh, yeah. That was the day we 60 pounds of potatoes a meal and were true but added that he started to take Buna village. And top it all off with 12 gallons of ice wasn't going to worry about it. were we ever mixed up?" he cream. Chances are, too, they'll Broner became involved in a grinned. "I was leading a rifle do a little piecing between meals. mixup of names Tuesday in a di~- platoon supposed to cover the rear Results of the feeding already patch from allied headquarters m in the attack. But something hapare noticeable. Phillips has added Australia reporting that Lt. Gen. pened. we turned to the right in12 pounds; Pvt. Edward Sienko, Robert L. Eichelberger had cited stead of the left and I was out. in Milwaukee, 10 pounds, and Pvt. two Michigan men for the silver front with the 34 boys-leac.ing Lawrence Ekdahl, Lueders, Tex., star medal. The cable listed one d - n thing! 1 22 pounds. of the men as Sgt. James K. the It's working on the officers, too, "Those Japs were ,aying down a Brower, RFD No. 3, .1':'1-uskegon, swell barrage, but we had to move · ~-:_ It said he exh1b1ted. cour- in with our rifles and hand gren\ ades, feeling our way across an open field, and tossing all we had. It was quite a party. "I guess the Japs didn't like it, either, 'cause after a few hours we moved 'em back about 300 yards \ and tooli: over a big stock of supplies." Shell Costs Him a Leg. On Dec. 7-fate played , tricks on Broner that day - word passed down the line that his brother, Sgt. Willard Broner, member of a platoon fighting in a nearby sector, had been killed by a Jap ma• chine gunner. Within a few hours the sergeant himself walked into the path of a .25-ca~iber e~plosive shell, felt it pound mto his knee, and finished his part in the campaign. "I weighed 170 pounds when we started the trek across the mountains," Broner says, "and they carried 110 p~und~ of me away 1 from New Gumea. I j I Turned Wrong Way so 'Rear' \ Guard Led Attack on Buna I l I l l f + + + On the other side of the range, around Cape J!:ndaiadere, Buna, Gona and Sanananda point from which .we drove the .Japs after many weeks of terrific fighting, are swamps interspersed with coconut groves and dense undergrowth and jungle. Our troops had to wade "through tall razor-sharp kunai grass 1 taller than their heads and with water coming up above their waist. Whe it at d d th campar n r:i~~da~a u;lng d e they w:re constantl ~ta er ay, i: Yw · The mosqultos were a coi;astant menace, They carried malaria and our casualties from their poisonous sting were probably far greater than from guns and bombs. Dysentery. too, took its toll, and sometimes a soldier had both dysentery and malaria at the same time. The Japs, of course, had the same diseases. but in their case they had the further handicap of starvation and lack of medical supplies. Our bombers saw to that. I + + + The .Japs would try to sneak In reinforcements by small boats but our airmen managed to kill great numbers of them. On one memorable occasion they caught a ship unloading hundreds of oil drums three-quarters fiJled with supplies wbtch were lashed together on rafts in groups of forty. Hundreds of Japs jumped overboard to guide these rafts ashore but they never got there. Our A-20, B-25s and 26s, P-40.s and P-39s swept down within ten feet of them machine-gunning the drums and Japs with equal fervor. Hundreds of them were either shot to death or wounded and drowned and the drums and barges all set afire. I can imagine how starving Jap troops entrenched fn the jungles along the shore must have felt watching all that vital food blaz.. ing and sinking in the bay. + + + I'll never :forget hQW the pilots chuckled and yelled when they finished that job. I Capt. Al Schinz, a little fire. brand from Ottawa, DI., said: "Boy, that was one of the finest sights I ever saw. Those little monkeys were diving overboard trying to escaipe and in the water thiey'd try to duck under as we swept over them but they never had a chance. We simply kept our guns blazing into them until we'd cleaned them all up. I hope our flatfoots (infantry) were eatls-fled." You may take my word for tt. the 0 flatfoots" were delighted. Nothing raised their morale more than to see and hear the J aps getting hell from the machine guns and bombs of our airmen. �Vet Says It's a Double Fight . In Guinea,_laps and Nature Battle J;ei!;.,;!j~Pfc. Elmer clung to an old vine inside the free they hacked away the bark, C. Krauz of Jackson was up a crushed their way through and stump-and no foolin', hauled me out." It Was a big stump standing in Excited? Krauz admits he was, the snaried, damp, half-darkness but adds that his biggest thrill of the New Guinea jungles. The came later that day-Dec. 24light of dawn had not yet faded when Lt. Gen. Robert L. Eichel• l berger walked past his litter at a jungle first aid station, stopped, smiled and said, "Merry Christmas, lad." Krauz and 240 other casualties of the Pacific fighting are recovering from their injuries-some are medical ca!e~-at the army's new Percy Jones General hospital here. "You have a double fight out er for a makeshift piJibox and it there/' Krauz went on. ''You fight didn't take long for the tracers to the Japs and nature. You get hot burn their breeches. Those three and sick and you can't eat and the birds never got where they were bugs are awful and there are Japs aild more Japs. I have two broth• going, that's sure." ers at home" (he w~s stern now) Drops Into Tree. "and I'd rather go back myself It got lighter. And then it came; than have them go." the bullet with the name Krauz on Sgt. James K. Broner of Muske .. it, an explosive shell that ripped gon , another member of the famed into the bark of that makeshift 32nd division, thrilled at the first . blind, tore into the 25-ye~r-old sight of his mother and father and gunner's left knee and dropped sister and brother Tuesday after• him, like a bag of sand • h~ says, noon, the first since he left for into the tree, his helmet rolling on Australia months ago. the ground. A member of a battalion which "My buddies, the four who had left Port Moresby to march across crouched at the base of that tree, the Owen Stanley mountain range knew something was wrong when to Buna, Broner walked the hard, they saw my helmet and while I dry mountains 41 days and then, finally in action against the Japs, ! fell before a 25-calibre explosive 1 rifle bullet. His left leg was ampu1 tated below the knee. All in G3od Spirits. There are many men with miss• ing limbs among those who ar-rived here this week. There are men with eyes shot out and the streaks of tracer bullets whizzing through the trees when Krauz, up to his armpits in a hallow tree, swung his machine gun in the direction of Buna Mission and let it go. "You couldn't see anything much," he recalls. "Maybe there were Japs there and maybe not. I saw three of the little guys scamp- mouths ripped open by shell and shrapnel. All of the men, many of them seriously injured, appeared in good spirits following their long train ride from the coast, Maj. Albert C, Krukowski, hospital executive of.. ficer, said. Their spirit was typified by MeCligott who, along with scores of others, will be awarded the purple heart shortly, l , :.:7 !Bombers Lash at Jap Convoy J - 31 , '1-3 Destroyer Believed Sunk Off Finschhafen as Enemy Ships Flee AN ADVANCED BASE IN ALASKA, (Delayed) - (ii.') ~till-smoking Klska shook again Tuesday under the Impact of 37 more tons of steelencased TNT as medium and heavy army bombers swept in at levels ranging from 1,700 to 7,000 feet, eleventh air force headquarters announced. ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA, Wednesday UP)-A Japanese destroyer con• voy is believed to have been Beat laps at Own Game I~ the fifth article of his series about the New Guinea front, Pat Robinson, veteran INS war correspondent, describes Jap trickery in jungle fighting and tells how th e .American forces learned to beat the wily warriors of Nippon at their own game. By PAT ROBINSON (Copyright ) which we had to rout them. And they were tough to rout. Even when facing starvation they would- fight to the finish. It usually had to be to a finish because neither side was pl'isoner-minded. • • • Jap snipers would hide in the trees trying to get ·a shot at an American. Their object at all times was to make one of our boys re1943 veal his position and to get him NEW YORK, (INS) - Fighting to do so they would resort to all for the region around Buna was sorts of ruses. :~r;.~~:o~v:!a!!~~aap~r~;,a ; One favorite trick was to call ample. Here the Japs had 0 their out for somebody in English and backs to the sea. Then there was it was surprising how many of a layer of Australians furth er in- them used good English. They land, then another island of Japs, would call, for instance, ' 1Say, then a layer of Americans Sergt. Smith, where are you?" or They were all so intermixed "Is Capt. Jones there?" that they often used the same Of course, our boys soon learned trails to bring up supplies and all about these tt"icks and invaroften opposing carriers would iably answered with a burst of meet on the trail and a battle fire from their own guns toward to the death would ensue, the sound of the voice. One one such occasion three On one occasion a Jap kept callJaps suddenly came upon two ing from what apparently was a young Americans as they both machine gun nest to some opposcame out of the jungle into a small ing Australians, "Oh, digger, clearing. The first Jap threw his where are you?" One of the Ausritle like a spear. the bayonet tralians crawled around in back pierced one of the Americans' fore~ of the nest, got silently above it arm. That was that Jap's last act and threw in a hand grenade on on earth, for with his other hand top Of the Jap with the remark: the Yankee kid shot the Jap be- "I'm here, you bloody b - , but tween the eye_:.. • • where are Y01!,_?''+ + The Japs were heavily enThey had all the advantage ot trenched in deep machine gun pits. position and they made the most Otuside these pits they had several of it. small foxholes spaced several Individually, they were not good yards apart and leading to an ad- shots. They seemed unwilling to jacent machine gun. The machine risk a long shot while our boys gun pits were heavily reinforced. could and did shoot faster, furOverhead and in front they had ther and mol'e accurateI:v.. built logs seven feet deep. But the · Jap didn't have to be When trench mortars were a good shot' to cause casualties. dropped on them they simply He had fields of fire plainly skipped out of tfieir machine gun marked out for the sweep of his pits and crawled into their fox machine guns and our boys had to holes. Then when our troops or go through a living hell to reach the Australians tried to rush them, them. they would skip back into their However, they kept the Japs so pits and resume firing. They could busy on the ground and our ail·always reach the pits before our men raised so much hell with them boys reached them because we in- from the air that the Japs rarely variably had to wade through had time to bury their dead. kunai grass and swamp land. Dead Japs laid outside emplace• + + ments for weeks and a few days I don't know when we'd ever in that climate were enough to have got them out of Cape En• decompose a body and force the daiadere if we hadn't used tanks. Japs to use gas masks in self deThese tanks would roll rough fense. Our boys agre-ed that a shod over the Jap emplacements dead mule was sweet compared to and the infantry would follow the a dead Jap. tanks in to mop up. • • + Often the Japs were only 20 Yes, the going was extremely yards away from our own boys, tough and we didn't make headrbut the Japs, of course, were in way without casualties and many ~viously prepared positions from of them. But we did advance, t~!~ inch by Inch, yard by yard. until the last Jap was cleared out ot the entire region. Some managed to slip through our lines and -escape to the horth toward Lae and Salamau. Others c!ied trying that same route, Through it all, the air corps gave unceasing support to their pals on the ground, they'd show up at daybreak from across the Owen Stanley range and start dropping bombs. Th-en they'd go to work with machine-~111 They ope1~ted on a regular time schedule. The A-20's, say, would bomb and strafe from 8:05 to 8:15 a. m., then the B-25s from 8:15 to 8:25 and so it continued all day long with bombers and pursuit boys following each oth-er over the target in unceasing relays. The Japs actually grew bomb happy under such a hell from the sky and at times they could be seen hopping out .of their holes and rundning around in circles, driven ma e by the born, trdment, and so t~ey were easy targets for our s arp-shooting kids to pick off. T • • • bea~s~gtrsf.taidal~-e~u~n:t~:~~~: f fer ~rmed miracles, 1!raving death ear essly at all times to bring in 88 fat':~u~:-eda~:~er T~~ nce:i;r 0~ ; wounded man and often these angels ot mercy were wounded or killed themselves in trying to reach a wounded man. The Japs paid no attention to the Red C1·oss insignia. It ts not that kind of a war. . It's simply kill or be killed and our boys are 1;!~rmined to do most of the kill0 blocked in an attempt to supply (The Japanese have attempted Or Japanese ships suffered damthe New Guinea area, the high destroyers for convoying before age but was believed to have land- command announced Tuesday. when they found the slower trans- ed troops at ' Wewa~ to the northA large destroyer probably ports were patticularly good tar- west of the Flnschhafen area. was sunk off Finschhafen as the gets for Allied bombers.) There also a_re other- Japanese convoy was "The convoy was fl.rat sighted bases reported along 1he coast between fleeing southwest of Kavieng (which is Finschhafen and Wewak.) north. Finschhafen is on the Huon peninsula, 60 miles above Lae, a vita! Japanese base on which Allied ground troops have been moving in the vicinity or Mubo, south of safamaua. That is in the same area of northern New Guinea, where in the first week of March the Japanese sent forth a 22-shlp convoy10 warsh~ps and 12 transportsall of which were sunk by Allied planes. causing a loss of 15,000 enemy troops. "The enemy made an attempt to _contact his troops in New Gumea by means of a fas t convoy of destrnyers," 1·eported the noon communique from Gen. Douglas MacArthur's ,headquarters. on New Ireland, approximately 550 miles north of the Allied base of Port Moresby, New Guineaj New Ireland is just above the island of New Britain.) "Bad weather prev-ented further observation or attack until our heavy bombers located the convoy off Finschhafen. · "We attacked shortly after midnight with aid of flares, scoring a direct hit on the stern of a large de5troyer, severely damaging and probably sinking the ship. The convoy immediately left the area at full speed to the north ." Apparently the reluctance of the high command in claiming the purpose of the convoy had been completely frustrated lay in the fact that recently a Bmall convoy I I I "Beginning at dawn, our heavy medium and attack units with long-range fighter cover pounded the docks and waterfront at Finschhafen with heavy bombs, causing great damage and starting many fires. Barges and boats in the harbor were also effectively machine gunned. The enemy made no attempt at interception. "It is believed that any attempt to deliver supplies failedl" �First Red- Arrow Veteran of New Faced Death AtSanananda Campaign Returns to Cityl Sgt. Grant G. Sullivan, Convalescent, Visits Mother Here (By John J. McGinnis.) It's a long way from Bti.na village and Sanananda road in New Guinea to Lyon-st. In Grand Rapids, but the first of the local "Red Arrow" boys has made it, Sgt. Grant G. Sullivan, 20, who was with Grand Rapids national gual'd troops in the blood and mud of the Papuan campaign, is back With his feet under his mother's table. Sgt. Sullivan is a casualty of that fierce jungle battle, wounded at the base of the skull by a Japanese bullet about midway in the November-December fighting that drove the Japs out. Doctors tell hL"n he's fortunate to be walking again, and he agrees with them. A patient at Fort Benjamin Har. rison army hospital at Indianapolis along with a number of other casualties of the New Guinea area, Grant has recovered sufficiently to be granted a three-day leave to visit his mother, Mrs. Frank Plite, 30 Lyon-st., N. E. He was returned to the hospital Tuesday. Sergeant at 19. Sullivan is one of the youngest men of the Grand Rapids guard organization, a Union High school student who left his books to go into service with the 126th infantry in October of 1940, although still less than 18 years of age. He was one of the youngest noncommissioned officers in the division having gained the rank of sergeani a year ago before his outfit left Fort Devens, Mass., for service in the South Pacific area. He is a grandson of Mr. and Mrs. George Filkins of Comstock Park. . The young sergeant wound up his part of the New Guinea campaign on the night of Dec. I on Sanananda road. The Japanese bullet flattened him so completely that his co_mrades first thought he had been killed. A first aid man discovered he still lived, although he was temporarily paralyzed. The bullet, which had splintered reached his spinal column. Frag~ ments of the missile are still imbedded in his neck. Three and one-half days later i when Jap fire subsided for a tirn,e: I others of Sullivan's company were able to get him back to the battalion dressing station, I uI don't think it was so very appeared particula;ly fit and we11 far back to the station where equipped. the doctors were,' but with the mud "I saw some Japs who were six and the jungle it took the boys a feet tall. They were part of the long time," said Sullivan. We marines that had been put ashore. started about 1 a. m., I think, and The Japs had about everything in it was the next afternoon before there, ipcluding marines, soldiers, the doctors got to work on me.'' labor units and sailors put ashore from some of the ships. With ''Lost Company." He was cattied out by> four Couldn't Take Chances. fellow soldiers, two from Grand "We didn't see any prisoners, alRapids and two replacements though I guess a few were taken. from other states. Most of the time it was a case of "It's about 50-50 in our outfit just keeping on shooting until you now, or was when I left it," Sul- were sure everything was under livan said. "There are men in the control. The Australians that were regiment from almost every state in there before us and others had in the union, I guess." learned long before that you just His unit was one of those en- couldn't affo:rd to take any chances gaged in the movement to block and that a "dead" Jap might be Sc.nananda road, the incident that playing possum. developed into the "lost com• The Japs would keep pretty quiet pany" episode of the New Guinea most of the day and start making campaign, described in The Press a lot of noise at night, Sullivan two months ago by War Corre- said. Recalling the Jap night cttspondent George Weller. Sullivan after he was wo1.1ndr.d, h t. was hit early in this maneuver. HI don't know so much about "They came right in and mingled all that happened, but I have with us. One Jap stepped on me gone through some of the clip- (Sullivan was still in a paralyzed pings mother kept for me and they condition and could do nothing). just about tell the story," Sul~ There was plenty going on for a Jivan declared. while and four of our boys W'err "We really were more than a hurt. 41 company, It was the actives of an I remember another time when entire battalion, after counting out we had put out an advanced post the casualties earlier in the month under fire. Some of our boys were and those in supply. We had been on one side of the road and the reorganized and many officers had been lost. That's how Maj. Zeeff Japs were on the other side. One (Maj. Bert Zeeff, Grand Rapids fellow from Grand Rapids called officer mentioned in Weller's story to another, named Lillie. Pretty of the "lost company") happened soon the Japs across the road to be in command. He was placed started to call the same name, trythere when the others were casual- ing to locate our man, but they ties. ~:;i.~·t very well, and he r Praises Capt. Shirley. Sullivan has the highest regard "Capt. Shirley, who was right with us, (Capt. John D. Shirley, killed and praise for the medical and De~. 2, a day after Sullivan was surgical divisions of the army. "I hit) was one of the finest officers had malaria five times, but they I knew and certainly did a lot for always took care of it." us until he was hit." Saved ms Life. It was Shirley who had com~ He believes he owes his life to mand of the "lost company" that the hospital aid man who took care later was taken over by Capt. M. of him soon after he was hit and M. Huggins of Salem, Ore., the officer for whom the long-held to the sulfanilamide powder he road block, maintained by the unit placed on the wound. "That's all they were able to do for about for three weeks, was named. Although the Sanananda road ac- four days/' he said, When he got back to the field tion was the one which has re~ ceived most attention by the folk hospital at the jungle's edge he back home, the Grand Rapids was treated and flown back over guardsmen had plenty of fighting the Owen Stanley range by plane before that, Sgt. Sullivan related, to Port Moresby, where he was in starting almost at once after .they the hospital two weeks. Then he ctossed the Owen Stanley moun- was evacuated by hospital ship to tains from Port Moresby. a large army hospital at Bri/,bane. "We kept running into the Japs "I worried more about the trip all the time and the boys got a lot by ship than at any other time,U of them. It got so we had to be he said. "I was still unable to careful about our tommy-gun am- move my arms or legs and the munition. That was the main ship had been bombed by the enproblem in the supply line, so far emy on its previous trip, they said." as munitions went, but we also had The young sergeant hasn't seen some Jong spells without eating. any of his outfit since he left Some of the boys were making them, although the force returned good batting averages with the tommy-guns, though. One ser- to Australia from New Guinea begeant was up to 30 Japs when I fore he left there for home. He was hit, and still going strong." saw his company, what remains of it on active duty, in a picture Pal of. Sgt. DeVrles. published in The Press and clipped One incident in which Sullivan for him by his mother. had a part was the action in Wants to Go Back. which Sgt. Sidney DeVries of Grand Rapids was killed, on Nov. The young Grand Rapids soldier 23, just a week before Sullivan is not convinced b6 won't get back was wounded. The two were close to active service, although doctors so far have refused to give him friends in the same company. "I think I probably was the last much assurance. They tell him man to talk to DeVrles before he that by ordinary rules he should be was killed," said Sullivan. "He paralyzed. He is In full control of certainly was doing all right up to arms and legs now, however, and the time he got hit. (DeVries, ac- is gaining weight. He had lost cording to the accounts of his nearly 50 pounds. death, made an attack on a Jap "That's not all from sickness, machine gun nest and killed 17 though. We missed quite a few Japs before losing his own life.) meals. You can· say what you want He was about as handy with a about how much the soldiers like mail, and it's about the most imtommy-gun as anyone we had." SuUivan is quick to admit that portan\ thing when you're eating the . Jap is a tough fighter-''ex- regularly, but sometimes out there cept, they don't seem to like the in the jungle a can of bully beef bayonet." He said most of the or a chocolate bar really had the · troops that were opposing his unit first call." !!f:: Wounded, Comes Home From Jungle I I I f:iel~, .3 -.3. -'f-3 Lying paralyzed three days in the New Guinea jungle with_ a Ja~ bullet in the base of qis skull gave home a very speci,-J meamng this week for SGT. GRANT G. SULLIVAN, 20, first Red Arrow veteran of the Bona. and Sananada road campaigns to rehl~n to Grand Rapids. His mother is Mrs. Frank Plite, 30 Lyon-st., _N ·. E. Tu.esday he returne<l to an army hospital in Indianapolis, Hts mterestmg story is on page 13, �Veterans of Southwest Pacific Action Back From New Guinea .J 17- "'-' Grand Rapids Soldier, Who Served at Advanced Rations Post, Gets Medical Discharge Five western Michigan soldiers, wounded in action in the southwest Pacific area, are recuperating at the army's Percy Jones General hospital in Battle Creek. They are: Top, left to right: LT. ALBERT COLE of Cascade, RFD No. 3; CPL. LEONARD P. BATES of Hastings, and PVT. ABRAHAM BOLLE or Grand Rallids. Lower row: PVT. JOHN W. HAFER of Watervliet, RFD No. 2, and PVT, MERLE C. COMEit of Ionia, RFD No. 2. Maj. Boet and the portable hos- pitals which stud the evacuation Sulfa drugs and plasma were responsible for a good many miracles in the Buna campaign, he reported. He credited both with route. saving his life. "Japs are crazy as individual fighters, but swell at setting up de• I tensive positions," he commented. "They are masters of camouflage and the most disciplined soldiers in the world." Comer was in the first party Co enter · Buna village after with• drawal of the enemy to make cer• lain no Japs remained. ''There wasn't much of a village Jeft/' he reports. "OnJy two native huts were left-both badly damaged. The palm trees were pretty weIJ wrecked too." Comer also received his put pJe over dense jungle trails in three heart decoration in Brisbane. He days. left Ionia High school in 1937 and Bates ~ing:s loud praises for the enlisted in the Michigan National New Guinea aborigines, affection• guard the same year. ately nicknamed "fuzzy-wuzzies" An attack on a cleverly-con• by American troops, who carried structed Jap pillbox was responsi• him back 12 miles to the most ad• ble for the wound Pvt. Hafer re• vancect field hospital. The natives ceived in his left thigh in the didn't like the scientifically-de· Sanananda front in New Guinea. signed army litt~-as, °'ates reports, Hafer was only 25 yards from the because, they sai , ey were too pillbox when hit. hard to carry for long distances. Jap pillboxes were- "hard nuts to They constructed their own from crack," according to Hafer. They long poles crisscrossed with were constructed of hard, coconut branches and bark. logs, covered with dirt and more Bates attended Hastings High than half buried in the ground. school until 1937. Machine guns inside were arranged Pvt. Comer was on an advanced to cover front and rear, he re• patrol after the capture of Buna · ported. when his party ran into a 1,;I.rger Hafer was driving a truck in Port force of Japs and he was wounded Moresby when he was assigned to in the left leg. He was treated the Sananada front. His unit was by Maj. Boet and then taken by flown •across the Owen Stanley "fuzzy-wuzzy jeep and plane mountains, dropped off on the back to Port Moresby. Like many Japanese side of the range, then of his buddies, he is especialJy out- walked 100 miles to their destinaspoken in praise of the work of tion. Wounded Men, Praise Jungle Surgery of Local Physician Battle Creek - Five western Michigan soldiers, wounded in fighting in the southwest Pacific area and now in the army's Percy Jones General hospital here, Wed· nesday related how they were forced out o( action. The five in• elude Lt. Albert V. Cole, son ot Mr. and Mrs. Claude C. Cole of Cascade, RFD No. 3; Pvt. Abraham Bollc, son oC Mr. and Mrs. Marinus Bolle, 36 Stormzand-pl., N. E., Grand Rapids; Cpl. Leonard P. Bates, son of Mr. and Mrs. Victor A. Bates of Hastings; Pvt. Johnny W. Hafer, son of Mr. and Mrs. Rudolf Hafer of Watervliet, RFD No. 2, and Pvt. Merle C. Comer, son of Mr. and Mrs. George W. Comer of Ionia, RFD No. 2. Lt. Cole was the hero of a bomb· ing raid on a Japanese convoy off Lae, New Guinea, early in January. Cole was struck in the face and legs by anti-aircraft fire as his plane neared its target, but he appealed to the pilot of the plane to "keep going." Although seri• ously wounded, Cole remained at his position and dropped his cargo of bombs on the Japanese ships. The bomber in which the Grand Rapids man was flying, however, was crippled Qy anti-aircraft fire and was unable to maneuver to escape the fire of Japanese Zero planes. Outraces Jap Ranes. The big bomber did manage eventually to outrace the Zeros and forced to fly in a straight line, crash-landed on the toit of a moun• tain and burst into fire. Cole and his fellow airmen c:i;awled from the plane and extricated the body of the rear gunner who had been killed. Some time later their shouts attracted the notice of two I Austra1ian "commandos" who roam the jungles searching for crashed er,;. -Grand Rapids Press Photographer A Japanese field book, acquired in the battle of Bona, is the favorite souvenir of PV'l'. BERNARD CZAJKO\VSKJ, 25, 24.Z Grand-av., N. E. He shows his mother, l\1RS. LUCILLE CZAJKO\V• SKI, some of the inserts which cover instructions in 1irst aid, bridge building, weather and general ' 4hel1>ful hints" for the Jap soldier. After a few weeks of "taking it easy," Pvt. Bernard Thomas Czajkowski, 25, expects to hang up his uniform, don civilian clothes, frame his honorable discharge from the army and look for a job, Pvt. Czajkowski, son o( Mrs. Lucille Czajkowski, 242 Grand-av., N. E., isn't likely to find anyone who'll object to his taking a few weeks to acclimate himself to life on the home front, for he's been invalided home after more than a year's overseas service with the 32nd di· vision in Australia and in the New Guinea-Buna campaigns. Pvt. Czajkowski received his medical dis· charge at Billings General hospital, Fort Benjamin Harrison, Ind., where he underwent two months of medical care for shell shock. Couldn't Strike Back. As a member or the regimental headquarters company of the 126th Infantry Pvt. Czajkowski was close to the fighting front throughout the New Guinea-B~na campaigns and the advance ration dump at which he was assigned 1was under almost constant artil• lery fire. Althou~h headquarters company was involved in little close quarters combat, the personnet performed their duties prepared at all times for possible di· rect action. "We were all fully camouflaged all the time, our faces were painted and we worked· under arms," he explained. "It was tough to have the Japs throwing shells at us all the time and not be able to strike back." I I I Readers of The Grand Rapids Press, which has published detailed dispatches from the southwest Pacific, probably have a cleai:;er idea of the New Guinca-Buna cam-1 paigns than many of the men who took part in them, Czajkowski be• Jieves. "We couldn't tell much about the whole picture," he ex• plained, "but we did get a good idea of what was happening to va~ rious units of the regiment when the nightly details of six men commanded by a sergeant came from each outfit to pick up the next day's rations." Czajkowski was assigned to the 126th infantry after his induction in April, 1941, and joined the out• tit at Camp Livingston, La. He was Hrst in Company K and then transferred to the headquarters company, where his brother, Arthur, who left here with the guard unit the previous October, was serving. Arthur, now a corporal technician at Fort Devens, Mass., was in the hospital there when the regiment left for the west coast and Aus• tralia. • Has Many Medals. On his uniform Czajkowski wears the fouragere with which the 32nd division was decorated by the French army fn the first World \\'ar, ribbons for the Liberty medal the .g.ood conduct medal, the 5?Ut_h Pacific !11-edal and the Asiatic ~e<lal with two bronze stars. On his lower l~ft sleeve ~re. tw~ inverted gold .chevro~s ind1catmg . ,_ year of foreign service. ·----- I f r---------------~--~-------------------------------------_;_______.J �1 Enjoying a much-deserved rest period, thcso 75 members of headquarters company, 126th infantry, were photographed early in February in Australia. These men were in the New Guinea cam .. paign with the heroic 32nd (Red ArrO\V) division. l\Iost of the soldiers are from Grand Rapids and western Michigan. The photograph was passed by military censors. CAPT. EDWARD J. \VOLTJER, acting major and commanding officer, is believed to · have sent the first copy received here to his wife at their home, 42 Pennel1•rd., S. E. First row, left to right, PFC. JESSE MARTIN, PFC. HAROLD WEINR.JCH, PVT. JAMES ST. PETER, PFC. JOHN JOHNSON, PFC. CLAUDE MARTIN, SGT. WILLIAM HARISHIMA, PFC. MERLIN YOUNG, CPL. HENRY KOSTER, CPL. GERALD L. HARVEY, PFC. GAYWRD HALL, PVT. IRA S. McKAY, PFC. LOU B. H. FOX, SGT. JAMES TOMPERT, SGT. WALTER HILL, SGT. HERBERT GARDNER, PFC. ROBERT KRUTHAUPT and CPL., ALLAN WALTON. Second row, PFC. LOUIS J. PELLERIN, PFC. JAMES ROBIN• SON. PFC. JOSEPH RAVETTA, PFC. WALTER BAJDEK, PVT. GEORGE FOMIN, PFC. HARVEY HILL, CPL. LEONARD BOLLE, SGT. STEVEN KRAUT, CPL. THEODORE OLINGER, PFC. ORA E. RAMSEY, PFC. JEROME SCHULTY, CPL. RICHARD ROSS, PFC. ROBERT DURBIN, PVT. HAROLD PAGELER, SGT. JOHN QUAKKELAAR, CPL. MINOR EDWARDS, PFC. MAURICE CARPENTER and PVT. FERD RADENSLABEN. Third row, "CPL. FRANCIS PLOTZKA, CPL. ELDEN ANDERSON, STAFF SGT. STANLEY KETCHEL, SGT. ALBERT RABASKAS, SGT. ROBERT ECKBERG, PFC. EARL DE VORMER, PFC. JOHN J. GLOWICKI, PVT. JACK CARMICHAEL, PFC. KENNETH MILLER, SGT. STUART KREGER, PVT. JOHN PETERSON, PFC. EMIL F. PETERS, SGT. 1!,ICHARD PLATTE, STAFF SGT. RICHARD NEWTON, PFC:--LESTER SPADER, PFC. MARTIN BOLT, STAFF SGT. ROY • H. JURGENS and SGT, JOSEPH SKIBA. . Fourth row, CAPT. J. J. SULLIVAN, 1ST SGT. ALFRED BUSH, STAFF SGT. BERNARD DOYLE, SGT. FERDINAN FICELI, SGT. JOHN AESCHLIMAN, PVT. RUDOLPH SOCHA, PVT. JEROME KOZAK, PVT. WALTER PLASKA, PVT. HAROLD KELLY, PFC. JOSEPH TUSCAN, PFC, JOHN MULVEY, PFC. EDGAR McGASKILL, SGT, ANTHONY CAROWITZ, PVT. EDWARD ZOLENSKI, CPL. ROMAN LEIBECK, CPL. ROGER ANDERSON, CPL. GERALD PALt~R, CPL. ROGER A. GOLDSMITH, TECH. SGT. JOSEPH KROLL, TECH. SGT. HERMAN STEENSTRA, MASTER SGT. ABEL POTTS and Capt. Woltjer, _I I Raised to Major 4 -s - 4-.3 Halsey, MacArthur to Join for Early Attack on Japs? 't-!l.~. 't-3 A SOUTH PACIFIC BASE ·UP)New American offensive actions in the south Pacific theater are believed probable following a lull in , which command staffs have taken time to co-ordinate plans for future operations mapped at the Casablanca conference and in the recent Pacific strategy sessions at Washington. The nature and direction of the probable next American pushes of course are not open to conjecture, miral William F. Halsey, commanding U. S. naval forces in this area, and General Douglas MacArthur. who is directing the southwest Pacific operations from Australia. These sources say it is logical the navy's south Pacific command and General MacArthur should collaborate so that any future thrust by one will strengthen the blows of the other and so that both will have the same major objective. The offensive emphasis after the i ~~i~k ~:1~er~:is:iere c~~\~fe~e c~~~= :~ft~;;sto 5 MAJ. HARRY MENCLEWSKI, Harry C. Mendewski, formerly commander of Headquarters com- I pany, 126th infantry, 32nd division, has been promoted from captain to major, a cablegram to his ,vife, 825 Aberdeen-st., N. E. 1 revealed Monday. The promotion was another step in a career with the national guard unit in which Menclewski advanced through every grade of noncommJssioned ranks to a commission. He was promoted to captain after arrival in Australia last fn.=...l.o- =....,•==·~i 0 ~~:,d~:r:: ~!~ax:~hu r~s liaison and teamwork between Ad· theater, which is closer than Admiral Halsey's island bases to Ra, baul. That big port on the north• \ eastern tip of New Britain is the most powerful enemy stronghold beyond the Japanese key naval base of Truk island. The south Pacific lately has become a theater of holding opera~ tions by both our forces and the Japanese. It is unlikely, however, that the aggressive character of Admiral Halsey and his forces will permit the lull to continue. KEEP JAP ON HIS HEELS Most observers here held the view that a constant jabbing at the enemy from the south Pacific is essential to keep him busy and disperse his strength, They feel, however, that an all-out drive against Japan from this area Ls not probable, fl-S it would mean an ls. land-by-island, step-by-step advance at a likely high cost in American lives, planes and ships. No Japanese transports and few warships have been observed recently in the Solomon area. The enemy fleet, however, is known to be based in full power at Truk and could be moved quickly into a field of action at any time. For that reason, it cannot be said that Japan has withdrawn its fleet from this theater any more than it can be said our fleet force has been withdrawn. �Halsey, MacArthur to Join !for E~rly Attack on Japs? 1o~H Raised to Major 4 -S -4.3 A t.JIFIC BASE llP>- 1miral William F. Halsey, commandNew American offensive actions in \ ing U. S. naval forces m thts area, the south Pacific theater are be- and Gener~l ~ouglas MacArthur, r d robable following a lull in \ who is d1rectmg the southw:est ,~~~~h ~ommand staffs have taken Pacific operations from Austral~a. t· t co-ordinate plans for fu- These sources say_ it is log1cal ime O • ma ed at the the navy's south Pacific command ~r:abtC:ne::t~::sferenfi' and in the and General MacArthur should cola ent Pacific strategy sessions at laborate so that any future thrust rec by one wm strengthen the blows w;~~inJ!~~;e and direction of the of the other and so that bot_h will xt American pushes of have the same major objective. 1 :r:enot open to conjecture, The offensive emphasis after the but well advised sources here Japanese collapse o~ Guadalc~nal thi k it certain there will be close shifted to MacArthur s New Gumea 1 l' .n and teamwork between Ad- I theater, which is closer than Admlral Halsey's island bases to RaI iaison baul. That big port on the northea stern tip of New Britain is the most powerful enemy stronghold beyond the Japanese key naval base of Truk island. ' The south Pacific lately has become a theater of holding operations by both our forces and the Japanese. It is unlikely, however, that the aggressive character of Admiral Halsey and his forces will permit the lull to continue. KEEP JAP ON HIS HEELS Most observers here held the view that a constant jabbing at the enemy from the south Pacific 1s essential to keep him busy and disperse his strength, They feel, however, that an all-out drive against Japan from this area 1s not probable, ~ it would mean an Island-by-island, steirby-step advance at a likely high cost in American lives, planes and ships. No Japanese transports and few warships have been observed recently in the Solomon area. The enemy fleet, however, is known to be based in full power at Truk and could be moved quickly into a field of action at any time. For that reason, it cannot be said that Japan has withdrawn its fleet from this theater any more than it can be said our fleet force has been withdrawn. ~~~~!! I I MAJ. HARRY MENCLEWSKI. Harry C, Menclewski, formeriy commander of Headquarters com• pany, 126th infantry, 32nd division , has been promoted from captain to major, a cablegram to his ,vife, 825 Abcrdcen•st., N. E., revealed Mon• day, The promotion was another step in a ca reer with the national guard unit in which Menclewski advanced through every grade of 1 noncommissioned ranks to a com• mission. He was promoted to cap• tain after arrival in Australia last May. Before leaving for service with his unit in October, 1940, he ....== was president of Grand Rapids Typographical union No. 39 and was employed in the composing I room of The Press . I n oy ng a much-deserved rest period, these 75 members of J1eadquarters corupany, 126th infantry, were photographed early in l?ebruary in Australia. These men were in the New Guinea campaign with the heroic 32nd (Red Arrow) division. ~lost of the soldiers are from Grand Rapids and western l\llchigan. The photograph was 1>assed by military censors. CAPT. EDWARD J. \VOLTJER, acting major and commanding officer, is believed to have S('nt the first copy received here to his wife at their home, 42 Pennell-rd., S. E. First row, left to right, PFC. JESSE llIARTIN, PFC. HAROLD \\IEINRICH, PVT. JAllIES ST. PETER, PFC. JOHN JOHNSON, PFC, CLAUDE JIIARTIN, SGT. WILLIAM HARISHIIIIA, PFC. l\lERLIN YOUNG, CPL. HENRY KOSTER, CPL. GERALD L, HARVEY, PFC. GAYLORD HALL, PVT. IBA S. McKAY, PFC, LOU B. H. FOX, SGT, JAllIES TOllIPERT, SGT. WALTER HILL, SGT- HERBERT GARDNER, PFC. ROBERT KRUTHAUPT and CPL, ALLAN WALTON, Second row, PFC. LOUIS J. PELLERIN, PFC. JAMES ROBIN• SON. PFC, JOSEPH RAVETTA, PI•'C. WALTER BAJDEK, PVT. GEORGE FOllIIN, PFC, HARVEY IDLL, CPL. LEONARD BOLLE, SGT. STEVEN KRAUT, CPL. THEODORE OLINGER, PFC. ORA E. RAJIISEY, PFC. JEROME SCHULTY, CPL. RICHARD ROSS, PFC. ROBERT DURBIN, PVT. HAROLD PAGELER, SGT. JOHN QUAKKELAAR, CPL. MINOR EDWARDS, PFC, MAURICE CARPENTER and PVT. l'ERD RADENSLABEN. Third row, CPL. l ' RANCIS PLOTZKA, CPL, ELDEN ANDERSON, STAl'F SGT. STANLEY KETCHEL, SGT. ALBERT RABASKAS, SGT. ROBERT ECKBERG, PFC. EARL DE VORMER, PFC. JOHN J. GLOWICKI, PVT. JACK CAR)UCHAEL, PFC. KENNETH MILLER, SGT, STUART KREGER, PVT. JOHN PETERSON, PFC. E~DL F, PETERS, SGT. RICHARD PLATTE_,_ STAFF SGT. RICHARD NEWTON, PFC~LESTER SPADER, PFC. MARTIN BOLT, STAFF SGT. ROY H. JURGENS and SGT. JOSEPH SKIBA. . }'ourth row, CAPT. J. J. SULLIVAN, IS'J' SGT. ALFRED BUSH, STAFF SGT, BERNARD DOYLE. SGT. FERDINAN }' ICELI, SGT. JOHN AESCHLil\lAN, PVT. RUDOLPH SOCHA, PVT. JEROllIE KOZAK, PVT, WALTER PLASKA, PVT. HAROLD KELLY, PFC. JOSEPH TUSCAN, PFC. JOHN l\lULVEY, P.FC, EDGAR lUcGASKILL, SGT. ANTHONY CAROWJTZ, PVT. EDWARD ZOLENSKI, CPL. ROMAN LEIBECK, CPL. ROGER ANDERSON, CPL. GERALD PALllIER, CPL. ROGER A. GOLDS)IITH, TECH. SGT. JOSEPH KROLL, TECH. SGT. HERMAN STEENSTRA, l\lASTER SGT, ABEL POTTS and Capt. Woltjer, �s-,-'f-~ Escaped I Jap Territory, AN ADVANCED BASE IN THE just across a strait from a heavily- Little, Three Little I~dlans,.. and SOU'l'H PACIFIC, (April 29-De- manned Jap base. Shottly after "Hallelujah, I'm & Bum." T • they were joined by Wiley, who The natives insisted on shaving layed) (INS)-Ten American air- had given the natives their first the Americans twice a week with men told today how they "went news of the war. Wlley also had broken beer bottles, left long before native" on a jungle Isle under the been active In organldng c!usc1 by Jap raiders. nose of a big Japanese base. Dur- for native youngsters. "They seemed very particular about keeping us clean-shaven.'' Ing their two-months' stay, they TAUGHT ClDLDREN said Ruiz, ..and shaved us a hair at drank a potent beverage designed He passed the time teaching the to make them invisible, organized children the alphabet and how to a time without once cutting us. The women seemed to prefer the schools for native youngsters and count. and had them chant in uniwere shaved twice weekly wltQ son up to 200. Wiley also taught job, and there was nothing we could do but let them have their broken beer bottles. , them the songs, "One Little, Two fun." NJne of the survivors, who reached Guadalcanal on April 16, The boys also were introduced to were army men, members of a "kabong,'• a native beverage made Flying Fortress crew shot down In from a coral growth m1xed with the Pacific. The tenth was a navy palm leaves, then burned and mixed radioman of an Avenger torpedo with another mysterious native plane, also shot down by Jap liquid. This could be, and was, plane~ whlle on patrol from an ; used on wounds, drunk as a beverAmerican aircraft carrier. age or used to caulk a canoe. Tlie navy man, 21-year..old Del• They also were introduced to mar D. Wiley of Glenwood, Iowa. "woofy." This waa a white powder had been reported missing since made by grinding the bones and Aug. 24. He joined the nine crew hair of a decased native noted for members of the Fortress after his surly nature. they had made their way to a "INVISABILITY" l'OWDEB neighboring island, thinking they The powder then was mixed were a rescue party sent after with "kabong." The result, the nahim. tives believed, rendered them in66 DAYS BEFORE RESCUE visible, thus insuring protection The army men, who left their against Jap planes, bullets and sinking bomber, the "My Lovln' other dangers. Duck," 66 days before their rescue, On March 27, Classen, Dorwart, included: Gibson, Wiley and a native skipper Capt. Thomas J. Classen, 24:, or i set out in a sail canoe. Thtee-andWest Depere, Wis., the pilot; Lieut, 1 a-half days later they landed on Ernest C. Ruiz, 24, of Santa Bara Jap-.controlled island, after narbara, Cal., Lieut. Robert J. Dor-rowly escaping death when spotted wart, 24, of North Seattle, Wash., by two Jap Zeros. Then enemy Lieut. Balfour C. Gibson, 28, of fighters ignored them, however, apBerkeley, Cal., Sergts. Donald ~parently not believing Americans Martin, 25, of Decatur, Ill., W1II could remain undetected in the 1lam H. Nichols, 24, of Keiser, Ark., heart of Jap--held waters. James H. Hunt, 21, of EfCingham. Aided by other natives, the four Ill., Theodore H. Edwards, 23. of men finally reached a spot within Burbank, Cal, and Robert J. Turnrange of Allied patrol bombers. bull, 27, of San Antonio, Tex. On April 10, a navy flying boat After 15 days on a. life raft, dur-picked them up and flew them to Ing which they drifted 643 mil6S, Florida island. the nine men staggered ashore on A Flying Fortress was sent to a coral spit, part of five islanda supply the men who remained on the native isle, and a few days later a navy flying boat brought them to Guadalcanal. I I I MacArthur and Eisenhower / Made Knights of The Bath s-'-'1- 'f--' LONDON, (INS)-Klng George mand ot the troops ot the Allied VI has honored Generals Dwight nations." D. Eisenhower and Douglas MacGen. John J. Pershing, the Amer- I::~~~r I" th:y 1;:t~~g cr~;s m~~~mho~~~::i: ican commander-in~hief In World order of the Bath, it was an- war I, was similarly honored in 'nounced Wednesday night. 1918, it was recalled. If were Britons, the two -=========,,.-------:::- I I' American war leaders w0tltd hence- time waa to Flight Lieut. Joseph forth.. ~e ,,entitled ~o use. the prE"-- Charles McArthy of the Royal caftx Sir. The distinction~ how~ nadlan Air force, who hails from , ever, does not apply to alhed n&- jLong Island, N. Y. He received th• Uonals. , distinguished service order tor gal, The awards were made, ft wa.s Jant work while pa.rttcJpatln~ in announced., in recognition of their the destruction ut the two Ru.hr "moat valuable service, In com,. c1amo May 18. I "Missing in action" Isn't always quite so grim as it sounds. From two Grand Rapids soldiers reported ''missing in action" in north A!rica their families have received letters saying they are prisoners or the German army. The soldiers are Cpl. Tech. Harold J. Coolsen, 29, son of Mr, and Mrs. Frank Coolsen, 853 Hovey-st., s. W., and Sgt. Charles DeSGT. DEJO G Jong, 26, son of Mr, and Mrs, 1 Hessel DeJong, 652 Hogan-st., S.W, Cpl. Coolsen, attached . to an armored force unit as a radio operator, was reported missing Feb, 14. His Jetter is dated March 18. Sgt. DeJong, reported missing ]n early March, aJso wrote his letter on March 18. He was in the artillery when captured. Whether the men are in the same camp is not definitely known, nor even whether they are acquainted. Cpl. Coolsen's letter was ':'ritten •1o his wi!e, Joan, of 812 First-st., N, W. Things They Need. Don't worry/• he wrote, "and tell Dad liwl all the rest that I am OK. Please send me a toothbrush, paste, ]1andkerchiets:, face towels and a S\veater. All that you send will reach me." Here is what Sgt. L'cJong wrote liis family: ''Dear Folks: I am a prisoner of war in Germany, We live in nice barracks and are given plenty to eat by the Germans and also get packages from the Red Cross, so you don't have a thing to worry about. I have put on some weight since being here. We are treated just swell, I won't be writing any letters to anyone except home a couple times a month. If you don't hear from me for a long time don't worry because we really do have it swell here. How is everything there? \Vhen you write me let me know jf my allotment money is getting sent to you. Boy, I'll bet little Johnny (a nephew) is getting to be some guy by now~ I'll sure be glad to see him again some day. \Ve can get books to read here from tq.e library so that is a good way to spend the time, I read my Testament a lot because we have lots of time. We have church services on Sunday, which I attend. Try and get in touch with the Red Cross and find out about writing me and sending me packages. I could use tooth brush, towel, shaving- outfit, etc. By now! CHUCK." Coolscn was employed by the Globe Knitting works before entering service. His wife is employed there in a department engaged in war production. He was inducted in February, 1941, sent to Ireland in May last year and landed In Africa Dec. 24, Both Sides Censor Mail. Sgt. DeJong was inducted :u·y 7, 1941, and received his training at Fort Bragg, N. C., and Camp Blanding, Fla. Last August he went to England and was transferred to the fighting front in Africa soon after the invasion by United States forces. He was educated at the Christian school in Byron Center and before his u<duction was employed by Keeler .Brass Co. Letters from both men cami through the m:ual channels for ex change of mail with prisoners o war. The Jetters bore censor stamps of both the Germans and the allies. �, amoto Perpetrator T f a T .~~ ~t 2om-Page : Hal f Pearl Harbor ..3Attack He came up the hard way. was born poor, at Nagaoka, in the northwest Japanese oil region, B;y THURSTON MACAULEY impression than on Yamamoto. hence learned at an early age the International News Service Hausofer's "geopolitics of the Pa- great value of oil to a nation that ciflc ocean" became his Bible. was ' destined to cor ._ uer. Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto Geopolitics helped plan the grand I He was trained as . soldier from will go down in hfotory as the strategy that won Hitler most of the age of 6, and ; Jroughly inperpetrator of the sneak J apEurope. Geopolitics to Yamamoto doctrinated with th• Shinto dog- - - - - - - • - - - ~ - - • ma of Japanese raci a.l superiority. anese air attack on Pearl Later· Yamamoto w~nt tr $e.a in Harbor. windjammers. He se , red '"'aJ' an As far back as 1915 Yamaensign on the Mik:1sa, the flag-.to was thinking in such ship of Admiral 'T ~go. and saw .., me. He was ask ed whether · at first hand the defeat of the battlesh ips or submarines Russians in 1904 by an attack would control the seas. that was a perfect prrlude to the "Neither!" he retorted. "The shape of things to come later at most important ship of the fu ... Pearl Harbor. He lost two fingel's tu:re wlH be a ship to carry --:in that war. airplanes!" Yamamoto could be as wily as Then in 1934, when he was Nipthe rest of his "untrymen. In pon's No. 1 delegate to the LonLondon h e made f r\Pnds with Addon naval conference, Yamamoto miral William H. .J lc. ndley of the declared: \\ American delegati.on and now "We consider the aircraft carrier United States ambassador to the the most offensive of all armaKremlin. ment." DIPLOMATIC YI,cW STARTS NAVAL RACE In 1935 Yam , .,10;,o announced he foresaw a "peaceful Pacific soluYamamoto was the man who tion in naval problems affecting torpedoed the London padey. He Japan and the United States." wouldn't stick to the 5-5-3 ratio As late as Feb. 1938 he declared but demanded parity with the that "Japan will not engage in United States. That started the a building race. Instead she will naval race. Japan went to war build what is necessary to dewith twice as many carriers as the f end her own shores and preserve United States. peace and order in the Far East." The admITaJ, an eX}Jert flyer, meant domination of the Pacific However in January, 1941, YamafOt h is ideas on global war world. moto wrote this letter to a friend: from the same source that in- POKER CHAMPION · "Any time war breaks out spired Adolf Hitler in Germany between Japan and the United Yamamoto had other claims to - a German artillery officer States I shall not be content fame. The stocky, aggressive litnamed Karl Hausofer. merely to capture Guam and Hausofer instructed Japanese tle man was poker and chess the Philippines and occupy Ha.. champion of the Japanese fleet. cadets between 1909 and 1912. On waii and San Francisco. Seo YAMAMOTO-Page U none did he make a. more lasting "I am lookin g forward to dictating peace to the United States in the \Vhite House at Washington.'' A broadcast of Darnel, official Japanese news agency, made that letter public on Dec. 17, 1941-10 days after Pearl Harbor. The broadcast added that Yama, moto had written in the letter about the "humiliation" that was "felt by all the Japanese navy at the time the 1934 naval disarmament conference at London 1 failed.'' : Yamamoto, who became com. mander in chief of the Japanese · fleet in August, 1939, knew what s - .t,.',-'r.3 ~ Washington wu; like. He was naval attache in the American capital in the 1920s, Because he was such a firm believer in air power, Yamamoto has been referred to as the Billy Mitchell of Japan. There was a difference, though, in Yamamoto·s case. Unlike Billy Mitchell, Yamamoto had things the way he wanted them. Southwest Pacific .Assembly Line S -<>( ~ -1+ , S-:~~ - U 1 I I He< <ls Jap Navy Mass production comes to the sou thwest Pacific as American army mechanics put war machines together in assembly line fashion at a base "somewhere down under." A truck that was shipped in sections is assembled h1 rush order time, while a row of heavy tires await the rest of the vehicles they'll roll. (United States army air forc e ~hotos fro1n NEA.) y ;;nk Flyer From China Says l Bombin!! Japan-Will End War It~~ 'i· 'r.'.l -NEA Telephoto. ADM. MINEICIIl KOGA has succeeded to connuand of the entire Japanese navy as the result of the death in air combat of Ad1n. (soro"-u Yam amoto, Jap fleet comm,nder who once;. boasted he would dictate peace terms fron1 the White House' t u New York-(JP)-You can take it from Burma; conducted a combat from "Dude" Higgs, who knows: school for Chinese pilots; :flew When you're flying a cargo plane such notables as Generalissimo and without guns and a Jap Zero Mme. Chiang Kai-Shek and WenI comes along, you either hide in dell L. Willkie when the Jatter the clouds or you leave the scene visited China on his world tour. -but quickly. But the most excitement in that And you also can take it from exciting career, he said, was during "Dude" Higgs: Flying munitions, the Hong Kong period, when he war materiel and passengers for was ferrying as many as 80 eva~uthe last civilian airline over a war ees per trip from the city to Free zone is far more exciting than China. Both the British and the actuaJ aerial combat. Japs fired on him. , Through 20 Air Raids. "I was getting ack-ack from botl}. i Capt. Frank L. Higgs of Colum- sides," he grinned. "The runwaf bus, Ohio, back in the states for was mined and I had to bring my a few weeks to procure lease -lend cargo plane down on a tiny strip. planes and ferry pilots for China, That was something. has done both. For three years he Wants Japan Bombed. fought the Japs in China-and the "I'd load up at Hong Kong and \ day after Pearl Harbor he was leave at dawn. During ...th.. day jn Hong Kong as chief pilot of I'd stay in Chungking', ·so the Japs the China National Aviation corpo- couldn't bomb my plane. Then I'dt ration-the first pilot there to fly back to Hong Kong at night evacuate civilians to Free China. for another load of passeilgers. 1 Capt. Higgs, with more than You can't possibly picture what it ' 6,000 flying hours to his credit1' was like. I I experienced more than 20 air raids; I fought in China and Burma as a member of the American Flying Tigers; helped evacuate the Tigers �A IQD D9I P '9 NJ I lhlllk abnl 70ll ofta, I 'cl vrlte 7ft ner, cla,1', h i there '• little thOQCII '!bat • ee• worth vhll• \o eq. And It either ralu or doea 1 1 rala, It'• el tller hot or oolcl, The aeve 1• all ulnteree\1111 Or elH 11 1 1 all be a told. 'l'he oal7 thlJII that •l\en, h t he fact that 7ft are \here And I u here w1 thcnat ;roa And 1t loaH OM ner, where. I. I thlllk about the vq 7ft nlle tcnaoh And clbtanoe lncle IDGhazat• al Aacl - - - I • lH 101l Tl~ • llOh. And recall 7ov e Brought the Skirt from Samoa oni Ann, 20 months, doesn't know what to make creat big- stra nge daddy who came t.o see from thousands of miles away a nd brough t her rra,as skirt and shell beads from Samoa. She only t h ree months old wh en L ieut. (Dr.) Frank ams, 1588 W lddic~mb ave., NW., lef t fo r navy duty. H e wooed h er with her first lee cr eam cone but sh e's still mak in g only the sh yest ot friendly gestures towa rd "that m an.'' I n cidentally, sh e was just as much of a surprise to h er daddy, who couldn't h elp picturing her stlll In swa ddling clothes. N More Wounded Local Soldiers Arrive -\ s~r:.,.J At Percy Jones Hospital in Battle Creek I As Public Sees It (Com muttic etioni to tli/1 column must not contoin mor• tl,on !"(? ~~'dj ond mud b e lif rted by f/le nom• ol llie writ•r to ,ecurt .o u ,co ,on. Onf! or Tholf' Am ar.in c )lat hr ~henom en& \\'e Somf" t ime, EuC"<mnte r Applied to \\'orld \\"ar. Erlitor Chronicl(>: ·A frif'nd or mine handed me a card the other da)·. lt.s content i~ha~r~~\\~w~i1ler Roo~p,·elt 11 Duce li~r Born Took Offic, . 1940 1933 4 11 Years In Office - Total End of war Slalin 18;~ 18~; 1s:; 1st; is~; ___ _1 0 2 3!'88 3888 of 3888 is 1944; l~.13 11 19~~ 9 1 ;~ 'fo,io :~~ 3 3888 ;;sss :isss 388~ 1 2 of 19~4 i!! 9'12 <9-7-2) . Sf>pl. 7 - 1944,-~ ~;~~ 1~;, supreme Ruler, take the !irst letter ol each ol tne abo,·e nRmes listed; CHRIST! ,n:RDINAND NELSON. 757 Dale A,,. , Two more Grand Rapids so1diers, casualties of the fierce campaign against the Japs in New Gui nea, have arrived at Percy Jones Gen• eral hospital in Battle Crer.k, accordi ng to word from the hospital Friday. They are Sgt. Milton H. DeVries, 24, son of Mr. and Mrs. Homer De Vries, 2055 Beals-rd .. S. W .. a nd Pvt. Earl \V. Brov,rn, 23, son of Mr. and Mrs. Victor H. Brown, 1036 White-av., N, W. I Sgt. DeVries was "seriously wounded'' on Jan. 2, the day that Buna was captured by the American forces. He was struck in the abdomen while leadi ng a rifle squad helping to drive the last of the Japs from their positions along the shore. DeVries' squad was attempting to clean out a nest of enemy soldiers hidi ng in a landing barge on the beach. Ca rried and F lown Out. Carried back from the front by ' natives, he was flown over the , Owen Stanl ey mountains to Port · ~ SGT. M. ff. DE VRIES. l {;10~~1:~r j~ntu!t:~i:v~~u!t;idp~~a~ }~~~: =~:;e t:;o~i~~eh~~a~~~!~ 1 lyzed for a time but later recov- to an Australian hospital and only ered use of h js legs. At Letterman t his week his parents received a Gener al hospital in San F rancisco, letter that he had arrived in San where he was under treatment be- Francisco. They were unaware, fore t ransfer t o Battle Creek, he however, that he had been transreceived the decor ation of the or• ferred to Battle Creek. T hey der of the purple hear t. had not been informed of the m an• A graduate of Grandvi1lc High ner in which their son was inschool in 1936, he entered the serv• jured and had not previously anice in April, 1941, a nd was as- nounced that he had been hos• signed to the 127th infantry of the pitalized, Red Arrows, 32nd division, with Regarding his experience, Brown which he went overseas a year. said: "'All that was left of my 1ater. I truck was three pieces of tire." He Pvt. Brown was Incapacitated was injured two months after arwhen the ammunition trurk of rival Jn New Guinea. wh ich he was a driver was blown A former Union High sch()Ol stuup near Port Moresby by a direct dent, Pvt. Brown enlisted ln tile bOQlb lilt from a J-,p plane. Brown national iUard In Januar_.y, 1940, wi:11- .; lbort dlllilnce ttom th• and went with hla unit l ','O fed• PVT. EARL W. BROWN. eral service the following October. In April, 1941, he was transferred to the quartermaster battalion of his unit. A brother, Herbert, 23, who enterec! service last Dec. 15, 1 now is in the chemical warfare ; service at Camp Sibert, Ala. Another Grand Rapids guards• man, Lt. Raymond CoUier, former newspaper man who Jived in North Park, also has arrived at Percy Jones hospital for treatment of a shoulder ailment which incapacitated him in Australia. He was in California hospital several months after retur n from overseas. His wife Is night supervisor at Butterworth hospital. Lt. Collier recently visited Hastings to see his daughter, bom after he went to Australia. The daughter Is with Mn. Collier's parent.I there, �GRAND RAPIDS, MICH., TUESDAY, MAY 25, It's a Far Call From Louisiana to New Guinea! Bully Beef Bombardiers S-3 1-\:, Corresponp.1mt Pays Tribute to Local Men for ,; Herofo Service of Supply in Papua WJ1en t h e regimen t goes in to action the band goes, too, fighting and work ing alongside t he others. Wh en Chief Warrant Officer Oscar E. K u tsch inski of Grand Rapids, in charg e of the ba nd of t h e 126th infantr y, got 10 of h is men t ogeth er in New Guinea h e photo graphed them (up per picture) "to show the folks back home h ow t h ey look aft er a f ew m onth s of jungle life." S tanding, le~t t o right, SGT. CHARLES R. BERRY, Graml Rapids; P FC. RALPH FREEMAN, Gran d Rapids; CPL. N ORl\IAN BER RA, Saginaw; P FC. KENNErH COLYER, Blissfield ; Pl•~C. D E AN COOK, Tipton; kneeling, le.ft to r ight, CPL. FLOYD J OHNSON, Grand Rapids; TECH . SGT. GLENN J OHNSON, Gran d Rapids; PFC. H AR OLD GREEN, East l\Ioli.ne, Ill.; PFC. IRWIN H UFF, Grand R apids; CPL. R OBERT M. SCHADE, Gr and Ra1>ids. I n the lower picture buglers fr om th e 126th band a re sh own at pr~cHce while the regiment was in · basic t raining at Ca,np Livingston, La., in December, 194.l. rndt!'.r g-uidancr. of U-.e chief cornetist, SGT. CHARLES , l. MZRCY",, w ith MR. KUTCHINSKI look init on, the trumpeters are, left to r ight, PVTS. E D\VARD \ V. F RANTZ, EDWARD J. VAN TASSEi{, R OBERT P. ROOSIEN, , WILLIA~I H. GROTERS, LYLE J . BIESCHKE and ESTELL J ONES, all except VanTassek from Grand Rapids. Van Tassek's h ome is in H olland. Memorial day brought with it the first detailed story of the large part Michigan and Grand Rapids men played in delivering life-ordeath supplies to their comrades in the thick of the fighting in New Guinea's jungles last fall and winter when victory over the Japs was still a long way ahead. / there The saga of the "Bully Beef Bombardiers" is told by Robert J. Doyle, a special correspondent for several American newspapers. They got that name from the battling infantrymen who kept an alert eye skyward to keep from being hit by the welcome cases of food and ammunition kicked from circling transport planes. Air supply of the troops had to be resorted to beginning in September, when 1.he Red Arrow division was hurried to New Guinea by ship and ai r to ~em the advancing Jap tide on Port Moresby. So difficult was the terraili of troops crossing the Ow n Stanley mountain range that ·hey could not carry their own SUf' )lies. B an dsmen Forget Horns. For two months, men gathering, loading and delivering supplies to the jungle troops toiled night and day, sometimes dropping from sheer exhaustion. Bandsmen of the old Grand Rapids national guard unit were among the foremost of these workers. With them worked clerks, administrative and finance officers and a· illerymen not otherwise occupieL Mentioned ~pcciaIIy · the correspondent for their st. ... lwart ef- ) forts in seeing to it that men at the fighting front got what they ' needed were Maj. Harry Menclewski, 825 Aberdeen-st., S. E., who was then a special services officer and was plane-loading boss; Maj. Clarence Schnipke, 641 Lambertpl., who directed ordnance supply; Capt. Kenneth Thomas. 705 Watkins-st., S. E.; Chief Warrant Officer Oscar E. Kutschinski, formerly 1908 Wilcox Park-dr., S. E., bandmaster, and \';.-~ rant Officer Amos Gill, 958 Bates-st., S. E., who was transportation of- ficer. To these men and their ai fell the terrific task of fil "urgent," "most urgei, H ''super-priority'' requests from the front. Some ;=~~te~~) ~!~edi~n~~~t 1 what plf:ir e,s, would It was .up to them and transport- to the la: the supplies 0-fa~r ed_. for the first flights a• and night they ate when t~ a chance. No semblance of 1 meal hours was attempted. was foresaken until exhr, compelled a halt. T he P arachute Probler It was a Grand Rapids man1 solved one of the toughest l lems ln the early phase of operation. Folding of parach to float the supply loads to • stumped the supply men they discovered that Sgt. Slaughter of Grand Rapids a former professional para1 jumper. He taught the other~ trick of parachute folding. Pilots, working in a fre xecitement, grabbed a sani in between times and ~ many as five round trips 1,000 miles or more in al out rest. "Red Arrow division sold1t. some pioneering in the a well as on the ground in Pa the correspondent concludes1 �'I As Public Sees It - r <Communications to thi1111 column must not contain more than 300 word5 and I ~~i~~r ~~ peblic~Ton~)•me of the :~~i'1 t~ Rela)·a Doughboy'!J Poetic Comments on John L. Lewis and War Plant Strlken. Editor Chronicle: By request I am relaying to the readers o[ this column a poetic comment on ~trikes In war industries written by one of our bo}s now in New Guinea and relayed to me hy a fri~nd al!!o in the ~erdct' there: ! D0!:GHBO\' TO JOHX L. LEWIS I Our Amateur Bards Contributions must be 11.gn.ed by writer: t~~:U t:r;~~ ~~za!d~~u1!~~~f uary ,.-eraea not accepted.). (and to &II striken) IRTLER rm Lieut. ,Tame111 Martin Mcinerney (left), who was commissioned Jn the marine air force recently, and Maj. RobeJ't w. Zant, his Jone-time pal, who has Just returned from 10 months • pent helping bomb full of damned malaria, I !-hake the whole day long, The quinine's ringing in my ears, I'm anything but strong, Mosquito biles all over me, You'd think I had "the ilch,'' My cars arc full a ''Guinea mud ," My hunk-a muddy ditch! Rommel lnt.o a nervous breakdown, got together Monday for the ftnt time Jn many months and twirled the globe to try and guess where orden would take them when their present leaves are up. I'm li\'lng in a jungle. a bomber, Maj. Zant said, and FLYING FRIENDS MEET HERE ON LEAVE much about It." Lots 1 0ne Saw Baffle in Egypt, Other Awaits first fight It's hot as merry he11, "C'' ration is my menu, No cookin)it can I smell, For thi!5 I _get two bucks a day, Anci a chftnce for a 1itt1e ground That measures four by six by four, And a co\·ercd grassy mound. "lou get so you don't think of fu nny things happen I when you're !lying, Maj. Zant as- sured Lieut. Mcinerney and then told about his personal "biggest sc~re" o! the whole African cam' paign. His outfit was rPlurning from a Maj. Robert W. Zant of the ar~"""?.1 SUPPORTED MONTGOMERY ' flight to Greece, he said and the air corps, who received bis majority There his outft.t was aulgned to I ship had attained high altitude 1 I;° ;:'~~i:•i:i:~~! :. w:e~~::.,;fter E t I My pal who came down here the support of the Eighth army un- 1 when a terriflc exploislon occurred c:::l~; w:; ~om:;,~~~~~!d ino t~e; , .reaching Rommel. Reconnaissance happened?" his crew asked Zant. kept the watch, told :where the KEEP GOING supplies were to be located and "I don't know," the captain told the Americans, flying Liberator• them, gritting his teeth, "but we're which had a greater range than still flying. Let's keep going." any British ship• that were avallNot knowing what terrific injury able during the first months of the the ship might have suffered, the campaign, bombed the ships indl• pilot "kept goin•g." The ship, micated to them at na and harbor raculous to relate, responded norand dock Jnata1latton1. maJly and he }anded. Then he and For . the first ftve months of hl• the rest oC the crew made their duty in Egypt Maj. Zant wu a j way warily to the cockpit where, pilot aDd flight leader an~ for the by the sound, the damage had second flve months operations offt-, taken place. cer. It was damage all right-! Just \ Last Jan. l, he received the before the ship began to climb, Dlst.lngulshed Ftylng Crou for somebody had placed a can of "meritorious achlevem:nt and beans on the heater. Then the ship The major and the lieutenant conspicuous leadership and at went up, the air J>ressure on the have been friends most of their ~e :,me the alr medal. \ outside altered and there was steam lives. Both are Catholic Central 1 ur ng is service in · Afr ca l inside that can. alumni, Maj. Zant graduating in Maj. Zant was for three months "The can literally dlsinte1935 and Lieut. Mcinerney in 1937. in the deaert, where terrific heat crated," said the major. "There Maj. Z&nt i• the son of Mrs. was less a problem than the conwere beans all over the cockRudolph, zant of 2115 t.eonard st., slant gales of sand. Water supply pit and the one man who waa NW., ana Lieut. Mcinerney the was so limited that he could write In there was covered with son ol Mr. and Mrs. James L. Mc- home triumphantly, "I feel finebeans and tomato sauce--othinerney of 516 College ave., SE. just had a bath and a. shave in two erwtse there were no casual.A week ago Maj. Zant wa.a in quarts ot water. Things are lookties." Cairo. He left (by air) the day i~:t.~P· Last week I had only a Lieut. Mcinerney, listening eagerafter the triumphant finish of the ly to his friend's flying yarns, deP Tunisian campaign. CHASED "VABSITY" , clared vigorously that "the air ts Hlo ontftt didn't ret Into TuHe speaks casually or !lights to It the only thing," and then grinned nl•la to apeak of, but they had Greece and Italy, tells bow his out- to look back on his own younger a job which may have been • flt chased what they fondly termed pelt. When Bob Zant was learning con•lderable factor In slvlnr the "varsity" crew of German antl- flying in 1939, it seems, young McRommel that nervo119 breakaircratt gunners from Tobruk lnerney declared hie friend wu down of which we now hear. to ItaJy. The Americans grew "crazy.'" Maj. Zant went to Egypt las~ clear accustomed to flying through antiNow nobody ts more alr-mtnded July. In his senior year at Michiaircraft fire that blackened the sky than Lieut. Mcinerney. gan State, where he was graduated, with smoke like the approach of a Mcinerney entered Notre Dame in 1939, he took up flying and be- heavY thunderstorm. Casualties, university after his graduation came an aviation entbuala1t. FolMaj. Zant says, were few, but there from Catholic ~entral but tn 1939 lowing hts graduation from colle&e was one outfit of Germans whose returned to go mto the Mclnerney he was employed here by the International Harvester company but fire was so accurate that the Amer- Spring and Wire company with hts \ 1cans dubbed them the varsity, father when ft.re destroyed their enlisted in the army air corp• k former plant. April 25, 1941, and, after tralnlnii and ~eheved they traced th 1I crac During the first halt of 1942 he at Stanford, Tex.. Randolph ft.eld outft.t II successive. stands clear was tn Washington with the ship-\ and Brooks fleld, was commlsstoned acroH Africa and into Italy. building branch of the war produca. second lieutenant Dec. 12, 194.1, Only a direct hit of anti.Uon board and on June 1, 1942, enand u • igned to heavy bombing. aircraft fire ls effectlvf! f.Calnei listed in the marine air force. He He waa stationed at Barksdale See FlUEND-PIIP 11 took his pre-flight training at Athfteld, La., and Ft. Myers, Fla., beens, Ga., and his basic training at Anacoata and was then ordered to fore belnl' sent to Egypt. Corpus Christi where be has Just , received his commission in the marine corps reserve. marine air force, got together· Monday tor the first time lh many months to swap stories of the air. The agE's of the two young men total under 50 for Zant 111 a major at the Hrlpe old age" of 26, and Lieut. Mcinerney ts three years his junior. Both are here on leave, having arrived the past week.end. Maj. Zant is unassigned, awaitIng orders from Washington. Lieut. Mcinerney is to report back to Corpus Christi, Tex., where he was commissioned May 1. LIFELONG FRIENDS The lad was just eighteen, .(;ot him a bed he'll never 1ea\·e, The coverlet is green. Another one wilt see no more-, Another lost an arm, And hundreds more I do not kno,11,•. Are now safe from all harm! I f'me I with ' me. 0J 1 d ht i der Gen Montgomery Their or- somewhere gn the bomber. ti • Ma 8 econd ; eut. den we;e to keep .,;ppllea from "What happened, captain, what J as • a~ . I But when I hear a bunch of guys, Are sa fe and far away, Refuse to work because they want Two dollars more a day, r only wish we had them her~. For just a week or two, To Jh·c In •'Guinea jungle~·• And there we'd let them stew. Hitler called the Devil upon the phone, one day. The girl at central listened to all they had to say. "Hello," she heard Hitler say, ••11 ole man Satan home? Just tell him it's the Dictator who wants him on the phone.'• The Devil said, 1'Howdy," and Hlt• ler, "How are you? I'm running hell here on Earth ao tell me what to do" ' "What can I do,'' the Devil said, unear old Pal of mine? It seems you don't need any 'belp you're doing mighty fine.';:. a while ago When a man named Roosevelt wired me to go slow. He said, 'Dear Hitler, we won't want to be unkind But you've raised hen' enough, 80 ~~d.~'ad better change you "I thought his lease lend was a bluff and could never get It through. But he just put me on a spot, when he showed what he could do. Now, that's why I called yo Satan, I need advfce from you. For I know that you will tell me, Just what I ought to do." "My dear Hitler, there lad, ter for you than it is in hell. I have been a mean old Devil, but not half as mean as you. So t~e ~lnute you get here, the Job 1s yours to do. 1 11 1'11 be re~dy for your coming, and I will keep the fire bright. And I'll have your room nljdy when Sam begins tl> fight_ ' For I see your days are numbered . I and there's nothing left to tell, So hang up the phone, get on youi' hat, and meet me here In hell!" PVT. CECIEL JEMRINGS. Base Hospital, Ward 520 Camp Robinson, Arkansas. bet this guy would enough, At home- he'd gladly stay. No strikc-s. he'd start right soon : again. For "t\\'0 more b~cks a day!" AGNES BALCAVAGE. 282 ~-f'bster Ave. Is not much left to tell For Uncle Sam will 'make It hot• Fr,.-r. North, South, \Vest and ~st. \Vf''d make them sleep in fqx holes, \Ve'rl feed them from a can, \Ve'd !Pt a hot sun blister them, 'Twoul<l he no "Palm Beach tan!" \V e'rl lrt 1hem hear the wounded moan. \Ve'd let 1hem see them die, \Vith ~nipcn' bullets whizzing by, And star shells in the sky. An~. then we'd send them home again. . To their ten buck a dav. To tell others what the):'d seen, \Vay down New Guinea wa;y. ' "Yes, I wa,s doing very well until We'd give thflm all malaria, Let mosquitoes have a feast, We'd make them bury many a I'll I �CH., TUEsbAY, MAY 18, 1943 HOSPITAL SHIP SUNK IS PLACED AT 2991 Mercy Craft Torpedoed Deliberately; 64 Saved • I MacArthur Scores 'Savagery' in Loss of Australian Vessel UNITED NATIONS HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Tuesday) (INS)-Sinking of the Australian hospital ship Cen• taur by a Japanese submarine with the loss of 299 lives wal disclosed Monday by Gen. ·Douglas MacArthur's headquarters. The 3,220-ton mercy vessel, it was revealed, was torpedoed and sunk Friday about 40 miles east of Brisbane. Only 64 aboard the doomed craft survived. The Centaur, its Red Cross fully illuminated, was attacked without warning in the most disastrous tragedy in Australian , maritime history. Ablaze its entire length after , the torpedo exploded her fuel tanks. the Centaur sank within three minutes. Survivors, among whom sharks took a heavy toll, were picked up by an Allied vessel. I SCORES "SAVAGERY" General MacArthur, commentin&' on the unnecessary sinking, deplored it as an act of cruelty and scored what he bitterly called the "limitless - savagery" of "ihe Australian nurses,~f whom only "Northeastern sector: Japs. He warned the Japs that one was known to have survived. "Gasmata: Our medium ai:id 1 Sinking of the Centaur in an :un- heavy bombet·s attacked the airtheir sa'.'agery :wm. not h~lt th: Allied drive to "mev1table victory. precedented display of barbarism drome, destroying an enemy bomb"I cannot express the revul• shocked Allied leaders in Australia er caught on the ground an~ carsslon I feel at this unnecessary who asserted that it was impossible ing numerous expl~sions m he act of cruelty," MacArthur the Japs could have mistaken the · supply dump and dispersal areas. said. "It's limitless savagery vessel's identity , with its clearly I "Cape Gloucester: Our heavy ~erepresents the continuation of lighted crosses. . \ connaissance units bombed th e aira calculated attempt to create It was believed the first t~me in I <_!.rome. a sense of trepidation through this war that any mercy ship had "SLIGHT DAMAGE" · the practice of horrorg debeen deliberately torpedoed. , "New Guinea-W~u: Twenty-two signed to shock normal sensl• BOMBING RAIDS I enemy bombers, escorted. by 21 1 bllit.ies. Torpedoing of t~e Centaur and fighters, bombed the a1rdrome, ·'The brutal excesses of the the great loss: of hfe among nonausing slight damage and casualPhili11pine campaign, the execu• combatants was included in the ~.1 es tion of our captured atrmen, noon communique from Gene;al 41 .Australia: At 0410 on 14/5 (4_:10 the barba.rltY of Papua are all MacArthurs' head4uarters, which May l-!) an enemy submarine of a. pattern. The enemy does also announced .raids by Allied ~;l~~doed and sank witho:1t war-?-not understand; he apparently bombers on Jap airdromes at Gas- ing the Australian hospita~ ship • cannot understand, that our in• mata and Cape Gloucester, New Centaur 40 miles east of Brisbane , vincible strength is n9t so Britain. bile en route from Sydney to New \ much of the body as it is \-..f the Text of the commu_nique: ~uinea. The vessel was tra~eling soul and rises with adversity. "Northwestern sector. t d was f.ully illuminated fa~'!!e u:,;!, ~{;:ss fo:f" bl=!,~ ~ "Dutch New <?uinea-Nappl post~ ~::s:~r~;d with a Red Cros~ ~nd Three enemy aircraft bo'mbed an was compiying with all prov1s1ons Its light of mercy will but strafed the area. f . t ational law governing hosshine the brighter on our way i'Timor-Koepang: One of our o. in er~ . . 0 war. to inevitable victory." me1iium units attacked Penfoei air- p1tal ships m time f clear and Allied fliers were infuriated at, drome starting fires. "The weather was e ca _ I news of the sinking. In recent "Ba;ique: Our medium units visibility excellent .. T~~ ;:;:el mi~raids on the Jap-held base at Ra- bombed the enemy-occupied town, sized and san~ Of the 363 haul, they have deliberately re- starting fires. . . utes after being . and medical trained from dropping bombs on a "Dili: one of our medium units members o:f the cre~oard 64 were big Jap hospital ship permane~tly bombed the airdrome. staff and nurs~s on re 'iost The moored in the harbor, even making uKai Islands _ Langgoer: Our resc~ed. Remainder w:nem • subsure that their missiles did not long l'.ange fight~rs attacked the surv.1vors ~aw th0 ·tl afrer the drop anywhere near the enemy airdrome destroying three enemy marme smface shot Y vessel. fighters ~n the ground. 1 attack." OBSERVED REGULATIONS The Centaur converted to a hospital s)lip thi; year, was making her second trip to New Guinea, observing all international regula• tions when sunk. Sh~ was loaded with medical personnel. Among them were 12 See MERCY SHIP-Page 8 I I Wl!~t I I �er ver you : be. • en ,-oa croi:a d the se • lain vho ided 1'0Ul' ahlp. d Be keap )' ufe on th t ril.oua trtp. When. a a ~a wre r ~ . di d He c la t o ator11t. 'llh.n the days ere cold• dl d HG keep 7r,o. WI.T'II . Did He spa.re 700. ho slck:ncas. l onliness. tear. And remind y er.eh ieht to pra,.v t o Hill. ear. Ilid He bring your ahip t o its destined Port. l t .out aey tr oubles or~ aort . I~ 70 •re vherG it ' s hot, vc s it cool ar todt11, And t he \nMJcta. the e;eZ'IIIII. has Re ltcpt them •wat• • He gi ven 7 at~h for t he dqa ahead, fo ca:r17 700. thro~ t.he *Hell• yoo. dread. And brlng you ~ck to your friends and to 119, Just yaur 11a11e d r aelt, f or all that :-011•11 •••• Dllt ybJ ahould 1 eak it Re ' s teheil ovt;r you. I knov He has• d • - I b ~ d Ru to. ,. Eighty-Fifth Year Muskegon, Michigan, Saturday, July 18, 1942 ASSOCIATED PRESS EDS' LINK TO MIDDLE EAST IS As Japs Staged Reception for Convoy at New Guinea Almost obscured by bomb bursts is t his United Nations' ship lying at Port Moresby, New Guinea, aiter arrival in convoy of troops and supplies. Japs raided harbor before ships could be unloaded. Tr~ps and stevedores run for shelter as an air raid alarm in~rrupts their work of unloading re centl!if arrived convoy ships at Port Moresby, New Gu inea. "~,~'\ Hitler Youth Writes Hatred of Naz_i, Bestiality · Allied Headquarters, Al giers, Jan. 3.- (JP) -Allied headquarters tod ay r eleased a diary of a former storm troo_p leader in the Hitler youth movement captured in ItalJ'. which showed that the young Nazi had had a complete change of heart after less than a )ear of I fightmg. , . h diar as re~ Extracts from t e Y{ncluded leased by headquarters, thcs~an 15, 1943-' What excite• ment. My first day as a real sol dier." I I I Jan. 23, 1943- "Fitled out in I uniform. I IoO.}c. fine ff a little man. All this retreating doe s odd." · not agree with m e." Feb. 15, 1943-"Gradually 1 On Dec. 22, the day before 1his am beginning to feel myse"lf a capture, the official -statement real soldier." said, the following \vas found) in There followed a long , poem his diary: . . ~ about the armored grenadiers. In ''Yesterday rn_ght. dunn~ ~6i_· September, the ex-storm t roop ; treat, I br.oke fmal ly ~nd ine · leader came to Italy. and in Novocably with my old hfe. Gonevember the tone of the diary are all the old va lues, all that. changed. There were references to was precious to me. In .my the weight of .. Tommy's artillery soul only one thi1~g. remams, ! fi re" and the number of German hatred for the besllahty of th,e casualties. . German army. For at last on\! Then in December tl1ere was is human. . /. this notation: "\Vhat have we to flgh~ for I I I I ''I wish I was an English• Everyone cursed the Nazi go~- ernment but few have the courage to run against it. Why? Because brutality 8.nd the pov,;er of oppression are still strong. If only the opportunity offered, I would help strPngthen 'the thousands who long for the day of the final collapse. :x x x If I e\·er survive to leave the front alive at least I shall haYe seen through the tawdry facade of N azi politics, I shall know the points at which the Nazis are weakest. x x x Why was I born a Ger• man ? I feel myself alwaj'S a slave." �..:ontnbutton.. muat oe •ISINO D)' «ttll addrlH, ,'(m.lteCI to aeYen lour-lbN tanzas or equ1vaJu1t. Memarlal cs abltnot e::cepted.) uary vt!T• N I THE LAST 1Listen, all you BIG STRIKE children, to ~·our story for tonight. Now the Army, the Marine Corps and the Navy went on strike. 'Twas long .before you children ever saw the light of day That the men who fight for free, dom went on strike for higher pay. The Japs had bombed Pearl Har". bor and the struggle had begun 'Tween the forces of Old Glory and yellow Rising Sun. The yellow men took Guam and Wake, Manila bowed its head, 1 And then Bataan was covered with the mangled, bloody dead. MacArthur's boys were straining in a bitter fight for life, When news from home came to 1 them of another kind of strike. I "Another Plant is Closed"; ''Two Thousand Men Lay Down Their Tools.'' I "Shorter Hours, Longer Pay; We 1 Are Not a Bunth of Fools." "And nor are we!" the soldiers said. "our hours are too long,'' "We don't get paid for overtime to save that silly throng." "And ,.. -hen a Jap is standing with a bayonet at your throat, Just tell him thaL the whistle blew and he might see the joke. 1 The Navy joined the chorus •and gob was heard Lo say: "\1/e might as well knock off now. "We've earned our monthly pay."· And then the bearded leatherneck turned slowly on his heel; "I'll tell you. boys, let's go home,· if that's the way they feel.'' "Since this. fight is just for money, my life's worth more than that, So let's go where the jobs are soft, and leave this damn war flat.'' So all the boys went trooping oft to find a safer place, They thought it best to save their skin, instead of "saving face".] 1 And soon the Japs i1waded this land of brave and free, , The strikers ha<l to quit their strike, these maniacs to flee. Towns v,:cre burned and pillaged and all put to sword; The wives and mothers ravaged~ by this im·ading horde. IBabies, torn from mother's arms, were murdered everywhere. But the Army, the Marine Corps. aJlSl the Na,-y didn't care, , For they were far away from home and couldn't sec this sight, With mo,ney, wine and women, . they enjoyed their turn to strike. , Now this is just a stor)', don't believe a word I say, If these brave boys had gone on : strike, you'd not bo here today. I I Aussies string barbed wire along their beaches as the hordes of Nippon draw near for their inva .. &ion attempt against American bolstered defenders. I Many Injured When Japs Raid Bataan I--J;ospital As Japs Saw U. S. Surrender at Corregidor Soldiers, D o c t o r s, Nurses Victims; Surgeon in Midst of Operation 1 , I I By DEAN SCHEDLER 1 Corregidor Fortress, Apnl 8-UP> -(Delayed)-Shortly before 10 a. m. Tuesday three heavy Japanese bombers ...unloaded big bombs o~ a , base hospital on Bataan, scoring i direct hits on exposed wards and I woundtcg numerous soldiers1 doctors and nurses. Weary, grim Filipino and Ame.r- j ican soldiers, wounded in the bitter front-line fighting, were \embed out of their hospital beds. Only recently Japanese planes ' dropped stick bombs on the h?spital base, clearly marked by w.hite sheets forming crosses. Amencan protests drew an apology from ~he Japanese high command at Mamla, which calJ.ed it unintenUonal. Edwin R. Nelson of Huntingt?n, W. Va.. who had been work~ng night and day in the opera~mg room treating wounded sold1~rs, was in the midst of an amputat~on. The patient was under a sp~nal. anaesthetic, and Nelson'~ at~es were trying to comfort him with assurance that the bombers were a safe distance away. A bomb struck the ward, and the ' surgeon and his staf.f dropped to the floor. The operatmg room was I I 1 l 1 a ti~~bl~~~ dust cleared Nelso_n resumed the operation, though his instruments and gloves were no ; longer sterile. _ . . Through it all the patient neve1 complained, although the anaesthetic had worn off. . Nelson described the bombing as !, a "nightmare I never want to see ag~~l;:nts in triple-tier beds ,~ere scattered about like toy soldiers. Doctors and nurses sought . frantically to restore _order' calm th_e hysterical, give aid where poss1.· ble, sometimes operate on the spot. (Buddy's poem submitted by} SERGT. JACK ROBINSON. Grand Haven, (Somewhere in N. A[rica.) On the eve of the anniversary of the fall of Corregidor, this photo of brave, but outnumbered American troops, hands raised in &urrender as they yielded the island fortress, was released by the U. S. war department. It is from a Jap film released to News of the Day Newsreel by OWi. Corregidor !ell May 6, 1942. (NEA Telephoto.) I �1 ~ War Really Began 11 Years Ago , ,__Yesterday ~ 1 4 By MARK FOOTE Chronicle Staff Corre:spondent Washington, Sept. 19. - Friday, Sept. 18, 11 years ago the idealis- tic nations, now known as the United Nations, gave the green light to the outlaw nations which resultec! in World War II. President Hoover and then Secretary of State Henry L. Stimson moved heaven and earth to get them to join the United States in sending a fleet to prevent Japan stealing Manchuria from China. But Great Britain, especially, was not interested. Result, the world is now plunged into the most frightful war in all history. If Japan could steal Manchuria, Hitler could do away with the German republic; - Mullolini could grab Ethiopia; the Nazis could scrap the Versailles treaty, reoccupy the Rhineland, annex Austria a11d the Sudetenland and invade Poland. Friday was the eleventh anniversary of the so-called "Manchurian incident." Two forces were then competing for control of Japan. One was a group of Hberal business m~m, statesmen and dip. lornats and the other was a medieval-minded military clique which did not hesitate at murder to accomplish its ends. The military caste started the ball rolling by dynamiting the track of the Japanese-owned South Manchurian railroad, near Mukden. Manchuria was then a part of China. The explosion did less than $100 worth of damage, but the Japanese promptly blamed it on the Chinese and held them responsible. Using this as a pretext, the Japs marched into Mukden. Japs \Vere Fearful History shows, 11,pwever, that the Japs were fearful that the powers would intervene. So they proceeded with great caution. The Jap army did not immediately go barging around all over the map. On the contrary, after occupying Mukden and a few other strategic · JJofnts along the railway line, Tokyo announced to the world that Japan's intentions were strictly limited. They only wanted to preserve order and protect their property interests in Manchuria. If China would stop depredations, the troops would be promptly withdrawn to the railway zone. It was made eminently clear that Japan was afraid she might get into trouble with the great powers. Both Japan and China fit the time were members of the ~ League of Nations. Both were sig~ natories of the Kellogg pact to outlaw war. and the nine _poJ..ver t-reaty- !or preser ving peace in the Pacific. 'l'he United States also 1 was a signatory of the Kellogg I pact and the nine power treaty. But having taken the first halting step in world aggression, Japan stopped to get the reaction. Nothing happened. The council of the League of Nations at Geneva took notice of the event. So did the United States which was not a member of the League of Nations. But nothing came of it. So the Japs advanced another step and stopped afI-in to wait develop• ments. Still the great powers failed to !lH. U. S. Sought Action Alone of all the great powers, the United States, standing outth ~iis~d ~r~s~f ueac~fon~ a t~~~si~;1~l \ Hoover and Secretary of State Stimson, both of whom had a world outlook, were increasingly anxious. They agreed that the time had come to invoke the Nine Power treaty. The American fleet, then three times as powerful as the Japanese Navy, had been holding maneuvers off our west coast. It was ordered to stand by at Hawaii. President Hoover suggested to 1 Stimson that he put the matter up to the British foreign minister, Sir John Simon on the Transatlantic telephone. Britain was asked to join the United States in calling Japan to terms under the Nine Power treaty. Sir John hes• itated. Secretary Stimson called him again the next day. Still Sir John procrastinated and made excuses. Four times in all on successive days Stimson urged Sir John to action, but he remained noncommittal. So finally the whole thing was dropped. All the time the Japanese war clique was standing by to see whether there would be a protest backed by a little force. Japan was not ready for a world war 11 years ago. Gradually realization came that nothing would be done. Soon Japan swallowed the whole of Manchuria, set up a puppet gov• ernment called Manchukuo. This was the beginning and the prelude f - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -...... - ~ Shouldering their barracks bags, a contingent of United States troops piles ashore from the Liberty ship which took them to Port Moresby, Allied base in New Guinea now in the spotlight in the war in the southwestern Pacific. They are welcomed by campaign-hatted Australian troops. Vital Objective in Jap Drive on Australia ni ·~·------ This down•at-the-heels place is Port Moresby on the southern coast of New Guinea island across from the ea. st tip of Australia. This town is believed a Japanese objective to be take:q.. before a full-scale , assault on Australia. _ _ A -----------------~-----------------------.-----~~,I .__.....ctt>.J>_,;iffi .su::.ba:r- nd t.h.ll.t has.J �F ¼ }'J. > . '"·. t O dly ·-** , -•• Dick Platte, Stamping-, -Ends .24 Years ...._"-.">y '- ' -- I Dick Platte, the oldest employee in the Stamping Plant, has been. employed at Hayes continuously since May 20, 1918. He is married, · the father of seven children and DICK PLA'I.TE Coral Sea © National Geograp!iic Society tropical New Guinea resembles a great turkey with I~itsOUTLINE, head ·lowered to keep from bumping the equator. One of the least penetrated areas in the world, it served as a 1,500-mile barrier that stopped the Jap sweep toward Australia. Fighting of the last two years (Yanks and Australians against the Japs) has been limited to the tail and back of the New Guinea "bird." At right, native carriers help soldiers transport supplies to the front in tropical New Guinea. ACME PHOTO. the gra:,dfather of four. He has three sons in service: Sgt. Richard, who served with the 126th in New Guinea; Pfc. Herbert in Panama, and Pfc. Gerard with the U. S. Marines, somewhere in the south- 1 west Pacific. Dick says, 11Hayes must be a. pretty good place to work; look. how long I've been here, and I hope to die in harness." We hope, Dick, that you will be here a long time yet and that you will contbue to be as va1uable and well-liked as you are now. I 11. 32nd Wins MacArthur's I \-q-'(-~ ; l • .. . \ • i " e ! By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS of the day on the brilliant Papuan In the far-off jungles of New campaign. singled out several offiGuinea the fighting men of the cers for citations and then went Reci. Arrow division-which Mich- on to say: igan likes to call it,; own-have "The magni!icent conduct of the kept the faith with their heroic troops and elements of this com-· predecessors of Europe" battle-- mand, operating under difficulties fields in the First World war. rarely if ever surpassed in a camAn eloquent testimonial from paign, has earned my highest General Douglas MacArthur to his praise and commendation. In spite Allied forces in New Guinea, which of inadequate means in many include the 32nd, or Red Arrow, categories, their resourcefulness division, made that conclusion un• and their adaptability have promistakably clear today. duced a self reliance that has "Magnificent con.&tct," "skil1 overcome all handicaps and deand courage" ana "indomitable ficiencies. will 11 were some of General Mac "Through the skill and courage Arthur's expressions in extending and indomitable will for victory, his "highest praise and commenda• they have defeated a bold and ag• tion" to h1s command for winning gressive enemy possessing a the Papauan campaign in eastern marked superiority of resources New Guinea. and potentialities in areas of The 32nd division is composed campaign and combat. to great extent of Michigan and .. While all ground troops have Wisconsin men. There are many performed admirably, elements of thousands of M1ch1gan soldiers 1n the sixth and seventh Australian its ranks. d1v1smns, of the 32nd and 41st IJJ the last war the Red Arrow Umted States d1vis10ns, the Sixth distinguished itself at Chateau mdependent commando unit, moun• Thierry and durmg campaigns of tam artillery batteries of the FJrst the ~arne and the Argonne. When Australian. c?~ps, squadro~s of the soldiers from the Red Arrow en- armored d1v1s1on (Australian) and tered Alsace in May of rn,tS, they native Papuan earners have been were the first of the Amencanlespec1ally prominent. armed forces to set foot on Ger• "To the American Fifth Air man soil. Force and the Royal Austrahan General Mac Arthur, in an order Air Force, no commendation could sea constituted the keystone upon which the whole arch of the cam• paign was erected. They have set new horizons for the air conduct O OrCeS It of the war. "To Almighty God, I give thanks for that guidance which has brought us to this success in our great crusade His is the honor WhiJe General MacArthur the power and the glory forever' did not name specifically the Amen. , ' "elements" of the various di(Sjgned) visions he cited for valor in "Douglas MacArthur, General New Guinea, more thari 100 U. S. A'tmy Commander•in•Chief." Greater Muskegon men are General MacArthur awarded the serving with Company G, 126th Distinguished ServiCe Cross to the Infantry. 32nd Division, in New Allied land commander, General Guinea. Sir Thomas Blarney, and to Lieut. They marched down \Vestern Gen. Robert L. Eichelberger. comavenue to the Pere Marquette mander of the American troops in station Oct. 25. 1940 and went Papua. to Camp Beauregard, La.. when For "extraordinary courage, the United States was only in marked efficiency and precise the preparedness phase of the execution of operation" the fol· global war. 110,ving officers were cited: They are carrymg on the I Lieut. Gen. George c. Kenney, tradition set for them "by Com- rommander of the Alhed A;r pany G of the first World war, lorces; Lieut. Gen. Edmund Fran• when 17 of their number were c1s Herring, Australian field com• killed m action and many re• mander· Major General Richard ceivt=-d decorations for bravery K. Sutherland, chief of staff, genin France. eral headquarters of the South ,__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _...J ac1fic area; MaJor General George b t 00 t Tl . ct· Allen Vasey, Austrahan field com• e . grea · ieir outstan mg mander; Brig. Gen. Charles A. efforts rn combat, m supply and m Willoughby, U.S.A., chief of intel• transportation over both land and Jigence; Brig. Gen. Ennis C. White- Muskegon Unit I F c· eel By MacArthur head and Brig. Gen. Kenneth Walker, American Air Force commanders; AuStralian Brigadiers F. G. Wootten and Kenneth Eather, and Australian group Captain Wil· liam Garing. --Detroit, Jan .. ~--:-(}P)-The 32nd (Red Arrow) dIVJSJ.on was formed on July 18. 1917, three mon ths after the United States entered World War I., but long b.efore that Michigan an~ Wisco~sm . troops had fought side by side-m th e Army of ~he Potomac,. st Ge~tys• burg an? .1~ the war wi th Spam. . Th~. division took over th e front lme i~ Als~ce on_ ~1ay 18, .19l8, af~er mtensive tram~ng, a nd 1~ so domg became the ftrst Americ8:n troops to set foot on German soil. Fro~ then on until A:rmistice day, it was under fire continuously save for ten days m a rest area The 32nd's reputat10n for consistently attammg its obJectives won it the Red Arrow des1gnat1on. ln killed, wounded and missmg in action, 1t lost 14,000 f!lell It de• feated 23 German d1v1s1ons. cap• tured 2.153. prisoners and took a heavy toll m booty from the Ger• mans. After the a.rmisllce, the 32nd served m the Army of Occupation, not returmng from Germany until the spring of 1919. j �Western Michigan's Glorious "Lost Company" \-;)..11,-'7) On-the- Spot Accounts by Special Correspondent Tell How Soldiers From Grand Rapids and Nearby Towns in the 32nd Division Fought a Desperate Three-Week Battle to Maintain a Jungle Pocket Outfl,anking Japs on Sanananda Road Editor's note: Grand Rapids and west l\lichigan men played leading roles in perhaps the most dramatic, story that bas come out of the American-Australian victory in New Guinea-the account of the "Lost Company" of the 32nd (Red Ar- row) division. Although attention was drawn to the Sanananda front only after the fall of Buna, fighting was continuous at Sa.nananda seven weeks before that. The story of the "Lost Company," which held out for three weeks in a road-111 block on the Sanananda. road, entirely surrounded by Ja11s, is told in a series of articles by George Weller, Chicago Daily News correspondent, whose dis• patches have been released exclusively to The Grand Rapids Press in this territory. The first four cha1>ters follow. CHAPTER I. (By George Weller.) (Special Radio to the Chica.go Dally News :Foreign •Service,) (Cop,yright, 1943, Chicago Dail)' News, Inc.) With Advanced American Troops at Sanananda, Jan. 21.-(Delayed) -Japan's most prized weapon is a stab in the back. Nobody to whom Pearl Harbor means anything needs to be told that. But the thrust from the rear has even a more honored place in the Nipponese lexicon of military tactics than in diplomacy. Jap army commanders will do anything possible to get a harassing force in their enemy's rear. If they cannot give the fatal stab in the back, the Japs feint and try to cause the enemy to yield that "iook over the shoulder" which can be the beginning of the disintegration of military forces. The story of Sanananda's "Lost Company" is that of the American use of this weapon of trickery. It is the story of how a small but sternly resolved American force, entirely encircled by Jap troops whose entrenchments were ~uperior was able to cut the Sanananda road and hold a dagger at the back of the Japanese front-line troops. It is the story of men who fought and some who died to maintain the "island" amid Jap forces until Buna's fall released the main body of American and Australian troops for Sanananda. The plan to strike the Japs' rear and cut off their forward lines from using the Sanananda road, which was three and one-half miles from their beachhead to our front lines, was first led by Maj. George C. Bond of Adrian, Mich. Two units of American infantry plus another company equipped with machine guns and rifles comprised the force selected for the daring operation. Two companies, I and K-their regiment cannot be designated for reasons of security -were under Bond's direct leadership, while their support from the point where the American and Australian forces already faced the Japs across the 10-foot wide muddy road, was in the hands of Maj. Bernt Baetcke of Traverse City, Mich. Flown Over Mountains. The infantry companies both had been flown over the Owen Stanley mountains to the vicinity of battle, where they landed on primitive fields. hacked out by American enginee-rs. But the third company was the famous "Wairopi patrol," which, under Capt. Alfred Medendorp of Grand Rapids, had made its way through the forbidding mountains. The Wairopi patrol already had killed 26 Japs before it reached the northern Papuan marshes. At Sanananda it reached the village of Special mention of the bravery of SGT. ROBERT H. DEV• EREAUX, former South High football captain and Golden Gloves champion, in the battle of the Lost Company" in the New Guinea. jw1gle, is made by George Weller in bis dis-patches describing this action, Sgt. Devereaux is the son of Mr. and Mrs. F. L. Devereaux of 340 Grant-st., S. \V., and formerly was employed in the composing room of The Press. Soputa behind the allied lines on Nov. 29 and went straight out on the riskier ventures the next day. Company K, which was a reconnoitering company, started forth a week earlier, on Nov. 23, in an attempt to establish an advanced command post deep in the jungle on the left side of the Jap-held road between Soputa and Sananan- da. Led by Lieut. Wilbur C. Lytle of San Antonio, Tex., they set forth through mud varying from ankle to waist depth. Often they tripped on giant roots buried under the mud and fell. I Behind Jap Lines. But finally they discovered a place so far behind Jap lines that it was parallel with Jap artillery positions about a mile distance in a straight line across the jungle, but three hours' floundering for a packless man from the road. In bypassing the Jap lines in a broad sweep curve westward Company K underwent only desultory sniper fire. But that was enough to show that the Japs knew, some~hing Was coming. On Nov. 13 Company I, commanded by Bond, leaving a third of the company and K protecting the thin ridge of earthern rampart a.round the new command post, started out on the main venture to cut the road, accompanied by a force equipped with 50-calibPr machine guns. "Follow the sun," were the orders. The only maps available in this area were inaccurate but it v.,:as certain that by heading eastward they would break across the road somewhere. From 7 :30 to 1 :30 they crept forward through the swamp. The snipers had fallen off. There was a deadly lull. In Jap Ambush. HWe followed our point." Point is the infantryman's term for three or four leading members of a jungle patrol. 'l';hen they reached a dry patch of kunai grass. In the , middle was a huge fallen log 5 feet thick. When the point, creeping low, rounded the end of this log terrific fire suddenly opened up from all around. There was a Jap machine gun on the left and snipers were in the tree. There was 2-inch mortar fire-not that of a / Charley McCarthy mortar, which _!"' (Continued on page 19.) Pacific Ocean WAKE ·-:. Tll\lETABLE OF ALLIED CAMPAIGN-The boxes in this map indicate dates of important allied conquests in the New Guinea ca~ .. paign, topped by the announcement of the invasion of Hol~and1a aml AitapP, Japanf:"se Uags locate areas where Japs remam. I HOLLAl~IA'S POSITION IN PACIFIC--The concentric arcs centered on Hollandia', New. Guinea, and drawn to (lenote distances of 1 000 and 2,000 statute miles show its position. American troops are , driving toward the thrPe ~apanese airfields in the area. " / / �Ma-rincs tineeJ in prayer for 1heir fallen comrades at memorial serYice in a Bougaim·ille ceme• tery in the South Paciiic Solomon Islands. �Western Michigan',s Glorio_us -"Lost Company" Rain, Lightning and Strand of Wire Help Save One Encircled Group; West State Soldiers Launch New 'Attack on Japs in Banana Grove; Deeds of Valor Told ~ -- Dear Mc: Imagine Frank Russell's surprise-and his ,vife'i-, also! Recently, the:,,· entertained a soldier at their· home-one of the Big Rapids bo:vs of the former National Guard Co. ~ (Louis T. Simp1 ~on told me 1:1bout H. Louis runs a drugstor,e on Apple avenue. Frank relieves whf'n LouiJ; is off duly. One night Frank was late--apolo• gized to Louis. They had a soldier guest at their home, 1750 Pine street, near Larch a\·enue). "VVould you like to tell us about your life in the army. or shaJJ we _;ust talk about ou friend.,; and relati\"es in Big Rapids?'' Mr. Rus• sel I nsked. Tl1ey had clisco\·erecl they had mutual : friends in Big Rapids, •'Oh, let's 1alk about our friends in Big RapM ids." the soldier said. So they dict and had a fine time recalling folks they both knew- "It's a small world"I conversation- you know llow that would be. ''Let's have a bite to eat,'' Frank said. Shall we eat in the dining room or the kitchen-sort of apologizing because he and his . \\·ife frequently eat in the kitchen rather tlrn.n dining room. "Let's just ::i:it in the kitclwn,'' Mid the soldier. It \\·a!. fully· two ,,·eeks la1& that the R1.1ssells read in The Chronicle of a Saturda\ Evening Po~L aTticlc. The article told of tll'e hra\"el'y and rlaring of a ;,·oung lieutenan1 from Co. E. Big Rapids, in leading his men, many of them just Western Michigan farm and small town boys, O\"er the jungle trail:; of the Owen Stanley mountajns in New Gut--nea - one of 1he epics of the present war. His name? Yes, it \Yas Lt. Paul T. Lutjen.-:. 25 vean. old, who ate in their kitchen. and talked 8.bout mutual friends in Big Rapids. but never e\·en · a word about his braver~• in New Guinea, nO\\ known to millions of Americans. 1 I Grand Rapids, recently reported wounded ffl New Guinea, was one of the leaders of a. relief attack which sought to open the way to the "Lost Company" on Sanananda road mentioned in today's installment. of Ionia was one of the "first to volunteer0 for patrol raids into enemy territory and gained rapid advancement as a result of his exploits. according to today's account of the experiences of the "Lost Company." Grand Rapids, is described in to... day's instalhnent of the "Lost Company'" story, as one of the leaders of counter attacks to relieve the unit from it's precarious position in a Sananand& road jungle pocket. men volunteering to rescue wounded comrades, PVT. ORIN SUTTON of Charlevoix. en ... gaged in a successful hand-tohand encounter with two Japs, yesterday's story said. IHuggins lated roadblocJ.-: company and Dalponte, under ant of exactly where the Huggins~ machine gun leader, led in fighting by creat- Dalponte force was in the jungle, the Japs trying to attack down ing a secondary line of communica• hit the road behind the Jap lines the road. ___ tions around the Jap lines on the too near ours and itself became A midway roadblock by Zeeff's force meant that the·,Japs ', early CHAPTER vm. right-hand side, bogged down in cut off. With Advanced American Troops the swamp because two and a half In an effort to pry the force loose December had their oqly line of motor transport from fhe beachat Sanananda- (Delayed) -The platoons under Maj. Bert Zeeff. from the Jap circl~ of fire. Lieut. American effort to relieve the iso• of Grand Rapids, who . were ignor• Herbert Crouch of Saluda, S. head to theirfront line cut in two places by American roadblocks. ·The Japs attacked the Zeeff force viciously. Zeeff, to whom this correspondent talked, immediately on emerging from the jungle had asked by phone for reinforcements but they were unavailable. (By George Weller.) (Special Uadlo to the Chicago Daily Nnn1 (Copyright, 1:fa~i~ic~-:ov~~·11y New11, Inc.) I TIN HATS c., By Stanton In the words of Pvt. Eddie Eben of Richmond, Tex.: "We simply dug in with everything we had. We hacked into the muf' with messkits, spoons and baya . ets, as well ac: short shovels and a' .es. and got 6 int:hes of earth around us -enough to protect us from Jap machine-gun fire sweeping the road." Finally rain came which, although it made the swamp de,.eper, made escape possible because of. the noise in the leaves. Zeeft led 1 the men out in utter ciarkness lighted only by the storm's flashes. The fact that the Japs did not cut the phone line made it possible for Zeeff to trace the wire through his fingers after days of isola._ion. Another attack on Ja lines from Blarney's banana grove started at 7:45 on Dec. 5 with Capt. Mitchell Haan of Grand Rapids in the lead and Lieut. Crouch handling the machinegun fire. It was preceded by a creeping barrage of artillery fire. Ten mortar shelis hit one Jap dugout occupi-ed by fiieven,..;. -ground niper-s.. Three came out alive. · Ordeal of Sun and Gunfire. The Americans advanced 50 yards with some losses, but at 75 yards were halted by machine gun tire and snipers. James Kelly of Walla Walla, Wash., described his experience. "Another fellow and 1 were ly• ing 20 yards from a Jap piHbox," he said. 1'We got about eight Japs between us before being pinned down. We lay in the sun, not moving, for 3½ hours. The kunai grass was short and we knew the Japs were watching. I suggested we run. He sAid, 'You go first.' I agreed but said he should wait 15 minutes, then run, not crawl. I ran but he fried to crawl and they got him through the spine.'' Talk Over Plans With Men. ln these attacks the Americans under Lieut. William J. Johnson, I a young Grand Rapids lawyer, fol• lowed the practice established by Maj. Boerem and Maj. Baetcke of talking over attacks with the men beforehand. The chances of success or failure were weighed, suggestions invited and tbe main purpose of relieving the isolated Huggins-Dalponte force kept always in view. Here in the embattled banan,a grove sergeants were the mainstay, as in the "lost company" itself. Oliver McLaughlin of Carl• ton, Mich., stood extra hours of sentry duty in the jungle when malaria and dysentery had thinned the men. Pvt. Lawrence Marion of Ionia, I I Mich., leaped quickly to the rank l2L_ser.2eant w.he it W.R..111.! found h,a, I I I . .. PAE �lT7 estern Michigan's Glorious "Lost Company" Ho1t· T'hree Grand Rapids Sergeant "Musketeers" Kept Spirits Up; Besieged .l'tlen Heroically Warn \- i~-t) Own Supply Trains, but Pack Carriers Fight Way Through Swamps (By George Weller.) (Sp,elal Radio fu the Chicago Dally New1 l<"or<'h:n Sf'n·lce.) Cop)ri&"ht, 19.f:J, Chlrago Ually New&. lbC,) CHAPTER IX. With Advanced American Troops at Sanananda - II I (Delayed> - The sector called "Huggins" had been held together, meanwhile, during I Capt. M. M. Huggins' tenure as commander, by what he called the "three finest serg-eants in this or any man's army." When this correspondent talked with Capt. Hu~gins, a[ter he had emerged, he said that Sgt. Russell Young, Sgt. Alfred Wentzloff and Sgt. J. Co1lins, presumably Gerald (Jerry) Collins. all of Grand Rapids, were true heroes who held. tht:- garrison together-Young by fighung his way through Jap ambushes tor stretcher and food par1ies; \Ventzloff by his adroitness m handling those suffering trom tever and Collins by crawling under :tire from one slit trench to the- next whispering words of encouragement to the wounded and fevered men. . Veterans of Guard. A trio of Grand Rapids sergeants provided a "three musketeer" angle to the drama or the "Lost Com(Sgt. Young, 24, is the son of Mr. and Mrs Roy E. Young, 108 Sum- \ pany" in New Guine& as recorded in today's installment by Correspondent George \Veller. STAFF SGT. mer-av., N. W., a graduate of RUSSELL E. YOUNG, left, 108 Summer-a\·., N. \V.; SGT. GERALD (JERRY) COLLINS, center, forUnion High. SC'hool in 1937 and a merly of 236 Henry-av., S. E., believed to be the Sgt. J. Collins named in the dbpatch, and SGT. ALFRED former rPsidcnt of Muskegon, \VENTZLOF'F, UZO Third-st., N. \V., received commendation from their commanding officer for their where ne 11act spent most of his life work in holding together the isolated unit cut off in the jungle and in keeping up the spirits of the men before coming to Grar.u Rapids in .1934. fie is a native of Indiana. until relief arrivrd. Other pictures of nwn mentioqed in this serif'!'; are on page 2. He enlisted in the Michigan National Guard just before it was mcrly o( 236 Henry-av., S. E., and unit, is a son of Mr. and Mrs. Emil man, who had nlwoys wanted to <'a11ed to federal service in Oc- a nephew of Mayor John A. Co'lins W. Wentzloff, 1120 Third-st., be a minister some day and who to JCr, 1940. Bt"fore his enlistment of East Grand Rapids. Hs. was an N.W.l prayed over each man as he he operat('d a sheet metal shop ROTC sergeant at Central High Huggins' early period was sus- sprinkled sulfanilamidf> powder, , on Bridge-gt., N. \V, Sgt. "Jerry" school when called into federal tained, too, by the work of the "Cort's powdt:r," into the men's service with the guard in 1940. Sgt. ~:t:ofitM~~tp1~~: Wentzloff aLc;o a veteran of the ''praying palcher," Ezra Davis of woun,ds and _gayc them ~ulps of Williamsport, Pa., medical aide• ,chlorinated water from hls tlask to carry down the quinine and sulfa tablets. I I I _______:~g<!~~all:!!;~~:1!~~ t:t - ~-:--::::.-::---- ----=::::::=:::~_.J West-e~n Michig. an's Gloiiou_s "Lost Company" . L t After Two lsolate·d PostsAre Joined by Fierce Attack• Red Arrows Can't elief Arrwes at as . • k Th I ' Believe It When Aussies ,rea roug i to Take Over peclal (By George Weller.) Jtadi.;0::1,t!e~~)I~~~: DallJ' New• opyrll{ht, 19-1.3, Chicago Dall)' NeWI, lnc) CHAPTERX, With Advanced American Tro;~: t Sanananda - (Delayed> . ad-block force behind the Jap ~es, under Capt. P~ter Dal Pon\~ of Three Rivers, Mich., i::n,~de e J forts to meet Lieut. ~V1lham . Johnson's force by sending out ?atrols but the jungle was gettmg dangerous day by . day. Neither the Japs nor Am_ericans were certain of their location. that was certain was how strips of the two forces lay across the road. VIII (It was related in Chaple~ that a contingent under MaJ: Be~~ Zeeff of Grand Rapids, seeking " contact the "Lost Compan~, ached Sanananda road at a d1f~:rent point and itself was cut off, thus creating two isol_ated pockets. A third unit under Lieut. ?ohnson (Grand Rapids) meanv,rhtle was attempting to relieve both road- mo;~ t;! blX~kt~e south were the Am~rican lines next came opposing Among the west l\Iichigan and R~pids men who proved their courage in the battle of the "Lost Company" on Sanananda r,w Guinea, according to George \\'eller's account today were PVT Japs, next'came Zceff's r':,"~-b~~~~ DAVID MATCHETT ot Clx, _left; SGT. RAYL. EVANS ot Grand Rapids, center, :nd MASTE~ next cam~ ~;~~ ::~~~ ~oad-block SGT. ABEL FOTTS, Grand, right, who appare~t1y is the "Sgt. John Potts" referrecl to in the th~ 1J~~n;5ihe solid force of hun- story. l\latchett was one of 1 e~caped unsca~hcd ma party of ammunition carriers who ran the Jap ~~eds of Japs stretching ~o Sananlines; Sgt. Evans was lead~het patrol ~vh1ch plastered Ja1> positions with grenades, aml Sgt. anda beachhead three m1l~s aw;:· Potts was leader of an un.l patrol wh1c~ sought to make contact with the main American force After numerous harassing ~ •m the "Huggms-D:il Ponte" 11 ocket. \ ttacks Dal Ponte sent out a patro ~n Dec. 20 to atte~_Pt to re~~~t~h: out of eight and returned 1lawa Hills High school, he was ThrC'e days Inter, determined Johnson force_ str!vmg ~o c O n the '\finding Johnson's force. .e. mployed as a surgeon's attc.ndant that the road-block should somenew c?mmunicauons lme (The Sgt. Potts me~tionem.t Butterw~rth hospital before be-- how be relieved before Christmas right side of the roa d . d d' atch quite likely 1s Masmg called into federal service in Johnson discussed with his me~ Local l\lan Lea er. nd ~~~l Potts, 29, son of Jo?ctober, 1940. His brother John, th~ possibility of staking every, Sgt. John ( ?) Potts of ~ra Potts, G41 Neland-av., S .• 7, \vho ~as been in the army 10 thmg on a final thrust. .Rapids (the name appatcntl~ h s been with his Red Arrmonths, is a member of a tank Johnson, who is modest to the should.be Sgt. Abel Potts) who_ led ant 10 years. A graduatdh·ision station . California.) I , the patrol, lost two men l< llle me Durln~a•~:ig;~..8·:::i::· they were sustained, too, by the efforts ot officers like Lieut. Henry Gibbs of Greensboro, N. C., who, marooned behind the Jap lines at the half way battalion post, tried to keep the food and ammo trains always ready to start whenever the swamp fell below armpit level. Some time in both the nine-day Huggins and founeen~day Peter Dalponte periods, supply trains known to be threatened with am~ bush were halted by the needy besieged themselves. At least once the train led by Walter B. Ellis of Houston, Tex., was stopped midway by Telephone Man Joseph Kramarz of Grand Rapids-one of those who proved their courage dozens ot times-who tapped In and told Ellis: .. Don't come in today. We've just had a counter attack from the Japs. It's too tough for you to make." {Kramarz, son of Mr. nnd Mrs. John Kramarz, 823 Crescent-st., N. E., was reported last week as killed in action.) Sometimes altercations would ! develop when pack carriers wanted to fight their way through anyway, knowing how desperately they were needed. Lieut. HaPy Richardson of Washington, D. C., fought one party through, a grenade in each hand. When Dalponte was lead- I ing the ration parties he tried three times to get one party through. Maj. Bert Zeeff of Grand Rapids had told him: "You're in cornmand-do what you like." Dalponte replied: ''I'll try once more." This time Lieut. John Filarski ot Coldwater clrc\!'d the Japs, tossed a grenade qnd frightened away the "wood ohopper4" The party i:ot through. �Western Michigan's Glorious "Lost Company" -------=-----. -i3·1'--3 Chief Salutes &, ow •Supplies Got Through to Sick and Weary Men in Papuan Jungles Recounted by Special Correspondent; Grand Rapids and West State Soldiers Outfight and Outtrick Japs in _ 1_ '-f Hand-to-Hand Encounters Along Sanananda Road 3 George Weller.) Radio to the Chicago Dally New! Foreign Service.) rla-ht, 1943, Chicago Daily News, Inc.) CHAPTER VI. troops t Sanananda-(Delayed)-For six days, from Dec. 9 to 15, the "lost company" was literally lost in its roadblock 1,800 yards behind the Japanese lines. Dysentery, malaria and ringworm infected some of the men in the water-filled fox- two Jap lines of fire, plugging i along behind him. The dirty, hungry worn-out men dragged themselves up from foxholes and met the newcomers with hope in their eyes. The "guys back there" had, after all, kept faith and had not abandoned them. There was quinine to batter down their fever, belts of. gleaming cartridges for their guns, more cans of beef and beans, more bars of chocolate and more crackers. And best of all there was Dal Ponte, who knew the jungle who had shot their way through something incredibly vtgnder:f=ul in the sacks on the back of the men drenched to the waist. There was canned heat. holes and the number of cases in• creased before it was possible to evacuate them. The food ran lower and lower. Discouragement too, made inroads in the weakening men under Capt. Dal Ponte of Three Rivers, Mich., a tan, thin, resilient young com~ mander. In order to keep the garrison well deployed throughout the 350-yard stretch of snipersurrounded road, it was ordered that no more than two or three men should gather together. trails better than anyone else, assured his men that even though the phone was cut food would come through. It was impossible to drop supplies or orders from aircraft because the Japs ahead and behind dominated the air with their 50-caliber machine-guns. Then came the afterrioon of the Dec. 15 when Lieut. Zena R. Carter of Chicago and St. Petersburg, Fla., broke through the jungle from the left with a long line of green-clad perspiring men, Al I Aboard for Nassau Bay I For 15 days, unable to light fires -------,---~ to heat water, they had 1ain in the coffin-shaped water-filled foxholes under the whispering bullets of Jap machine guns and thE;: loudsmacking bullets of snipers'. Not once had a warm drink brought life to their chilled bodies. Now there was heat-heat that was safe, heat without smoke. At their first drink of tea, for which the men tottered from their holes, life began to come back into them. Their deeply-lined, bearded, mudmarked faces relaxed as the first warmth in 14 days made itself felt deep within them. CHAPTER VII. From -:..he time the roadblock behind the Jap lines was conceive;d, it was planned to have not only a line of communications around the left, but also to the right of the road where Jap fortifications were stiffest. The Buna front on the east had drained most of the manpower necessary for double-pincer operations both left and right. So, while "Huggins" was · estab1ished on Dec. 1, more than three weeks of fighting under Maj. Bert Zeeff were required before the Jap line of dugouts could be pierced. In the first encircling movem•ent the force under Capt. Bevin D. Lee of Albany, Ga., Lieut. Bernard S. Howes of Oklahoma and Lieut. \.Villiam J. Johnson of Grand Rauids started forward. The attaCk was to be launched from a banana packs, Australian soldiers embark under the palms for Nassau Bay, New Guinea. Amer- barges carry them and supplies to the front where Allies are closing in on Salamaua. plantation held nto.,J 1 Seven Questions of the World by Capt. John Blarney, nephew of the allied ground force commander. Blarney's force had captured a Jap supply dump. The Japs were d'ug in across the stream bisecting th I plantation and~sa.,n.,:..--~-· · Four-s.tat ; Gen.l Dwight Eisen; bower? weatirig the Grand Cross of the French Legion of Honor, comes to a salUte in Algiers with the stars and st!ipes in the background. ~ Use Jap .r-Tactics. The Americans had machine gun and mortar support commanded by Lieut. Harold C. Gibson of Greenville, N. C., Lieut. Osborn Voss of Holland, Mich., Lieut. John Wax of Baton Rouge, and Lieut. Herbert Crouch of Saluda, S. C. In the first fight this force am• bushed from a kunai grass patch a mar?hing column of 30 Japs, by moonhght. The grass was seven feet high and the American use of Jap tactics caught the Nippon- 1 ese by surprise. In this fight were: Sgt. William Helenius of Grand Rapids, squad leader in Johnson's iorward- platoon and Sgt. Robert R. McGee of Grand Rapids who shot one Jap, grabbed the man's rifle, freed the bayonet and stabbed another, then broke the rifle around a tree. The Japs counterRattacked against the column commanded by Voss, which was hidden behind a log. Their light machinegun fire was high but when they used fire~ crackers to draw fire, the trick was partly successful. Shout Defiance. "We were new in the jungle and not as smart as we became later," says 31-year~old Lieut. Johnson who is a lawyer and graduate of Princeton and the University of Michigan. r - - -- - - "~ - - - - - - - , Howes, "wild man from Okla- can of meat and beans, four crac homa," stood up on the road in ers and one chocolate bar dai the moonlight and shouted, "You Then the Aussies captured thr Japs throw firecrackers and us tons of Jap rice with canned c Yanks will throw lead." bage and onions lifting the r The Jap counter-attack had an tions crisis. eerie quality. The Japs came Praise From Aussies. across the road in four waves of The Americans attacked acr four men each. They were crouched over and wore wound the creek, Johnson and Howes leggings and helmets and kept the right. They captured two 1 chine guns from the men they h saying, "good da:y, good day." The attacks were held off prin- killed. Sixty Australian vetera cipally by Corp. Thomas Thomp- who .had fought overseas and b son of W-est Frankfort, Ill., Jesse tled the Japs through Wair Sommers (residence unavailable), Templeton's Crossing, Oivi Casey Vanor of Grand Rapids and Popendetta, said: ''That was Harry Vincent, former Phila- d-d strong attack." Wayne Lowing of Jenison, Mi delphian, now of Indianapolis. Every Jap was killed or wounded. was the spearhead of the Ameri The counter-attack broke before assault. Eddie Eben of Richmo the Japs could send over their Tex., who carried out the atta main force. Their fire ceased and told your correspondent: "One Jap got himself puzzled the Americans proceeded. This force under Zeeff, however, and came for me all alone y bayonet fixed and carryinr was cut off later on the road. rifle at high port and I shol Charlevoix l\Ian Hero. Afterwards, we could hear After passing thro,ugh Blarney's Ja.Ps calling. and trying to position the Americans attacked him." again at 2 o'clock the next afterIn this attack Capt, Blame) noon with Howes and Johnson hit- killed. Howes made the ~f:~ ting the side of the plantation still tack, cleaning out the Ja!lt. held by the Japs. With his tommy After first repelling, "lit, gun Warren Sutton of Charlevoix, attack by the Japs, "e t i Mich., killed three J aps and took along the road fou1?QJ'1Jf a machine gun nest single handed. under heavy fire by nig ..., The creek ran thro1Jgh Blarney's five days' isolation-th banana plantation, the Japs hold- right hand side of the ing the western and the Americans the left-the America, and Aussies the eastern side. The peatcdly under snipe force, after the Yanks arrived, con- phone wire back to sisted of 60 Aussies and 150 never cut. !Americans. In an attack led Rations at "Blarney'.-:,'' were one Sgt. McGee on .Ja in a dugout up " Teller, a San er, and C?ro. I Pacific Ocean WAKE HAWAII ~ t/NEW ZEALAND -These are seven of the many questions the world ponders as the war approaches the beginning of its fourth year. _ 1 �Grand Rapids Soldiers Are: tint w4'llt out only with the columns of "trains" which carried food and "ammo" up and wounded and fevered back. But the trains could not be held up while Nye searched for breaks and besides the. ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ wire was sometimes cut as quickly 1 as three-quarters of an hour after (Continued from Page 1.l has a saddle so that a Jap Infantry- half-dived, half-floundered In upon being spliced. At one time Capt. the enemy. P~ter Dalponte of Three Rivers, man can place it upon his knee The trenches were cleared. Mich., ordered him to remain withlike a ventrlloqulst's dummy-but Within a few minutes the Amert- in the perimeter two days, Jap fire cans burst from the swamp onto being especlaUy heavy. heavy mortars. The road party was completely What happened was that the the road. They had no choice and could not cut off during this time and Nye Americans had crossed the Jap dare to push either forward or got restless and asked for two trail through which their front back toward a better location. tom.my ganners and went out himlines were supplied whenever the They had {o take from the jungle self, leading with a tommy gun road was under Australian artil-- grabbag that strip of road where Fingering the wire backward along had happened to blunder first. the trail, he reached the famous 1 lery fire. It was an ambush. The they Today, standing where the first log where e"Very train aJways un367 men In the party were com• mud-bllnded tommy gunners fol- derwent Jap fire at the crossing of manded by Bond, also by Capt. lowed by the sweating carriers the Jap and American trails. John Shirley of Grand Rapids, with the wounded on litters be- "I looked at the log and noticed hind, saw a 10-foot strip of wide, something that seemed funny. Capt. Roger Keast of Lansing, muddy road amid the hostile jun- There was a bush growing there. Mich., one-time star footballer of gle, the writer cquld appreciate I had crawled by the other end Michigan State; Lieut. Walter Ellis how lucky they had been. Al- often and never remembered seeof Houston, Tex.; Lieut. Herschel though frequently flooded, the Ing the bush. I signaled the other road here was flanked by jungle guys to keep quiet, I watched. G. Horton of Aurora, Ill.; Capt. with some sand mixed with the Pretty soon the bush moved a litPeter Dalponte of Three Rivers, It was, therefore, possible to tie. I saw a Jap's legs and arms Mich., and Lieut. Herman Davis of mud. make some holes for shelter im- behind. The bush was tied around Sandy Creek, Mich. mediately. It was possible to cut his waist and he had more bush on Calla for Volanteen. shallow trenches and place ma- his helmet, Sgt. John Mikita of Grand Rap• chine guns in them as well as •'Bush" Runa Away. Ids, leading the point platoon, heavier guns-pointing both ways. "I was pretty far off but I took asked for volunteers to get the Find American-Made Trucks, aim and squeezed out a short burst. machine gun whose fire was sweep• The Japa apparently knew they That bush got up from the end of Ing the field. Sgt. George L. May had been outmaneuvered. Where the log and ran intd the jungle." of Six Lakes, Mich., responded, the Americans hit the road there The Japs had a phone line on the taking 10 men with two automatic had been a small supply dump and other side of the road, but once rifles and one tommy gun between repair shops for rear lines. The Nye also found an experimental them. Edwin Cox of Las Cruces, road was deserted. wire made from American splic• N. M., who was among the surWhat they began to call "our 5 lngs, which he gleefully reD?!red vivors of this attack, says: o'clock rush" had yielded them unworkable. He failed to splice our "May told us to load up "1th some modest prizes. There we.e wire on only four days. grenades and we started out on two American•manufactured !:!lg The Americans' first declalon our bellies through the grass. Ma• supply trucks fitted with motor after finding they were isolated by chine-gun fire was everywhere just maJntenance equipment, lathes phone cuts was to decide to at• above our heads. Finally, we got dies and extra clutch disks. Ther~ tack. In a council between Capt. within 30 yards of where the Japs were two a11acka filled with -tor Roger Kerst of Lansing, Mich., w,-re. Then May ralled up tll aupplles, And belt of all, there and Capt. John D. Shirley of throw his grenade and the others were several tin cracker boxes and Grand Rapids, it was determined threw theirs. After that the fire bags of fresh onions-an unbellev- that a response must be made to stopped." able treasure in can-fed Papua. the Japs who for three days had During the terrible days that This find-symbolic of the dif- been throwing two-inch high exwere to follow, fights like the !erence between being supplied plosive mortars into the position above were to occur many times at food by sea, as the Japs were, and where the Americans lay in their this point. The Japs stubbornly by transport plane and parachute waterfllled foxholes. held this bottleneck on the Amer- a~ the Americans were-delighted There was a Japanese encamp• ican line of communications. It Lieut. John J. Filarskl of Cold- ment southeast of the road-block, came to be known simply as 0 the water, Mich, Filarskl's cheeks have that Is back toward where the log." Where '.he Japs would lay not yet filled out completely from American and Jap front lines were ambushes for food and ammuni- his sojourn as supply officer of the already Interlocked. Keast led an tion columns was never certain. "lost company." attack, started as a patrol which But It was always certain that The officers, after a council, turned Into another bayonet as• when the Americans passed the log marked out as dusk fell an area sault such as had gained the AmerthPv woulrf hP flr,.t1 nnnn r.mnlng 350 yards along the road leans the road before. and extending 125 yards into the "We knew the Japs were on the jungle as the "perimeter.. road both south and north of us The word perimeter, ·which ls and figured that o~ best C!hance standard now in jungle fighting I w~s to strike ~hose to the south," means any area where you can dig said one survivor ot this attack an encircling line of foxholes with afterward. the command post inside and !"ai!'tain fire directed outward. It is sunply the jungle equivalent of the pioneers' wagon train circle to repel Indians. Outmaneuver laps in Jungle In.Epic of Sanananda Road I I Foolhardy Men Lost. "As we 1ost men it was neces sary to fill up our columns with new ones," said one officer. uey experience we came to know that it was necessary to crawl the full length of the log, go around the ena. then double back. Jap fire went straight along the log's top. But always there would be some wise guy who would hear voices of the men in the point on the other side and decide to take a short cut crawUng over. Almost Invariably they got him." Why, it may be asked, durln~ the weeks that the "lost company was to be supplied along this slender swamp path, was nothing ever "°'I.!. ta e!Bll,lu!te !!W JfD.»ll]boX here permanently? The reason was that because the Americans wer:! looping around the Jap lines, while the Japs still sup• plied their front lines, It was In• evitable that Jap and American paths should Intersect somewhere. The famous log furnished protec• Uon against machine guns, whereas any new crossroads might have proved even hotter. CHAPTER u. Life In a Perimeter. What life is like within such a perimeter, always exposed to ene• my sniper fire from the outside, may be imagined from the fact that on the edge of the "lost company's" perimeter seven tree snip.en were killed, nol only after the - . - . - ~le!K'ffl t,y-HeY!n troops but after the Australians had taken Sanananda and joined the Americans cutting off the Jap1. from the sea, When they dug Into their foxholes with their short shovels, the Americans were under the lmpresslon that they were located some 600 yards beyond our own lines. Actually, as readable aerial photos taken many days later by AustralIan Wirraway pilots were to reveal, 8 ~~l~r:! ·J:~ Deep within the Jap lines the ~~re~~~ ~u~~! American column, having estab- front lines. llshed a supply dump and advanced d h II battalion headquarters In the Jun- Ahead, it was two an one- a J miles along the road to the Jap gle and shot their way to th e ap- beachhead. They were so far Inheld patch leadll\fl to the Jap front side the enemy that his single ltnes, continued eastward following precious three-inch anti-aircraft the sun, seeking the narrow trans- gun could be heard belching be· jungle road where they were de• t~rmlned to cut the Japs' main line tween them and where the oppo.!• of motorized .supply from the San- Ing front lines spanned the road. ananda beachhead. CHAPTER m. They were still uncertain how The "lost company," which broke far along the road they would the Jap motor supply road strike because maps of this swamp from Sanananda beachhead and were nonexistent. But they knew entrenched itself behind the Jap that by pressing east they must lines, almost immediately cut strike the Japs' road somewhere. oft from Maj. Bernd Baetcke of \ After a clash at the intersection Detroit, the commanding officer. of the Jap supply trail, the Japs The thin phone line running evidently phoned back word that a though quagmire and giant fem large American party was fighting kunail grass, clearing, and more its way to the road. quagmire, was immediately' sevWhen the Americans, mudded to ered by the Japs. The road-block the hips, laden with sacks of am• had been placed at such a distance munition and food, and sweating from our lines that walkie-talkie streams in the humid, breathless radios were unworkable. shadows of the swamp, rea('hed 8 This meant that the force could point afterward determined as 200 communicate only by runner. It yards from the road, suddenly Ill!'· required one whole day for a runchine-guns bit the open, green- ner to get back to the front lines hung quagmire ahead. and the next to return with excelAs they flattened, Jap snipers lent prospects of being ambushed In the trees opened fire. It was the by the several Jap strong points regular Jap sequence of pinning near our transjungle line of comdown with machine.gun fire, then munications. So it was necessary picking off with snipers. The party to try to repair the phone lines stopped and took over as well as dally and get messages across be· possible behind the giant-roofed fore the Japs severed them again mangroves while bullets hissed as they did once and sometimes among them. twice dally. Pan. Gets "Hot.N Two-Man Repair Crew. The Amedtan officers discussed The two phone men for the "Lost plans. The sun was getting low company" who attempted to keep and soon darkness would overtake the line working back to the ad• them. The party thus Isolated deep vanced battalion command post eswithin the Jap lines, would be easy tabllshed In the jungle were: Marprey for raiding snipers. Ignorant cellus Mye of Saginaw, Mich., and of their own whereabouts, they Herman Dollinger of Grand Rapwere uncertain whether they could Ids. Nye, a short, stock 28-year-old find the roal before darkness. former cab man, used to work for They decided to send out patrols. a phone company but gave up the The patrols paddled through the work because he preferred hackencircling muck a while without Ing. Nye says: drawing Jap fire. The order came "Mostly we worked In water to "Column proceed." They had gone our knees. Only one day machine• hardly 75 yards through the swamp gun-fire caused a break. The other when the machine-guns challenged times It was always Jap clippers. them again. They felt they were It was easy to splice In the Kunai getting near the road. The fire was because the bulJets went over your stft~as · Capt. John Shirley of head. Sometimes they tried cute tricks. They would nearly always Grand Rapids, Mich., who decided remove the wire, say about 50 or the Issue. "Let's go get those' so 100 feet, Increasing each time and 11 and so's," he said. Flx your bay• trying to get more than I could onets and let's cut the guts out carry a., replacement. of them." "It was their idea to make me go Loeal Man Leads Charge. back for wire and Jose another day. Shirley led the charge, It was They were always thinking up new not a charge, such as history books fast ones. Once they cut out the describe, at full run. It was hall longest piece yet. The gap was wading, half swimming with fire fully 120 yards. But they left flickering all around. The knee• piece there, as though accidentally deep mud made the charge at once all coiled up. When I began work gallant and clumsy. Roots hidden Ing to join the ends across th deep In the mud threw the men on swamp I got pretty well along their faces; they struggled up and fore I dlacovered that they had,. went on. Flnally, Shirley and some ott juat enoush so that the e of the men reached the :laaed lln• would not quite meet. • of the ;i'IPI ACCOZlllpg to the ordera ot .!.:!'Jie:.!P.~ -~~ ~~ N: �MUSKEGON CHRONICLE, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 1943 .1¢ Blood, Sweat and Tears, ~ ~ ~~~••~a T~~L~~"~,!~, ~~~.~iiI Dear Ma: out a rlPccnt burial. , Their l)lood and sweal and the "Chaplains arc ver;,., busy men. 1 tears of the folks back h~me. c.on- I've seen chapl~ins come up \\·.ith : qucrcd the Japs in New· Guinea. an armful of little crosses which ~others of the \'aliant soJchers they hafl made and work, under o(- the 126th Infantry1 32nd Divi- fir<' if nec~ssary, until. every man· sion now can learn first hand who had died was buried. •wha1: those men ,,·ent through to 'It is one of the duties of a com1gain their coslly Yictory. pany commander to see that _ever_y · ,Captain Russell Broner, com- man who deserves a decoration 1s 1 mender o( Company B,. himself rec.·o_m mended fop H. Well.. I't'"c;, pays a tribute to those men. His seen so !nany acts of ~xc~pti~nal brother, Sgt. Willard Ivan Broner, brav_ery _it has heen a big .1ob .Just gave his life, and his other brother, sending m U10~e -recommendations. Staff Sgt. James Broner, ,vas· I h~\'C lost 22 __men so far, and t wounded thats no1 countrng the wounded. ! "The J aps are Lough and obMrs. Ch_ester Broner,_ Wh,tehal_l Etinate fighters and had plenty road: Fruitland to,~nsh1p, mother, goor! equipment here. rece 1v:c1 the revealing letter from "I believe thP long hard march • C~plam ~r_oner that not only told through t Ile jungle was one feat al th~ kill~ng of one brol h er but , ,vhich will go down in military the \\Dtmdmg of th e 0th er. history as one of the' grOOtest ac"I bc>lieved tlrn~ other mothers complishments any army ever ,of men serving H1 New Guinea made. We went through country would be interested_ in learn_111g of that was classed as impossible by the bravery of their sons in the the Japs and Aussies-and il !service of their country," said Mrs. damned near was! Broner. ''Company .B ,\·ent over 82 miles The letter in part is as follows: of s,vampy Jungle ,vhere a white "Dear Ma. man had never been before, with"That hellish nightmare ·we have out losing a man. Other outfits been through is something that who followed us lost many from seems unreal and impossible now. fever, etc. -(\- person_ IT.lust take at We Jook around for friends who l~aS t ~5 g.rams of qmmne and two are not here and must think twice vitamm pills a day a1:ct every a.rop to realize that some of them we'll ?f u/ater must be boiled or chlornever ,see again. Of course, many m~te.d. . . \\"ill return t.o their outfits from Li~tlc sc.hatches ~rom vines will 1 the hospitals · turn mto big festering sores and a ,. , · . cut from a tincan will usually ' 1 Ive foun? out at last how Wil- 1necessitate hospitalization. lard was killed. It was on ~e''For 37 days we lived on two ~ 1 cemb.e:r 6 ,vhile light meals of cold food a day. he wa_s on a re"Picture a little handful of mer 1 connaissance th ~t _ragged, dirty and looking like ~ he was c8:ught Ill trembling ghosts. That was us in ' Jap machme gun the jungle,. ! fire. A bullet hit . . _·_ _ _ _ __ him in a vital 1 spot and he died instantly. "Jimmie w h o had been acting as a platoon leader ,vas about 200 yards away. He heard that Bill was hit but didn't know how bad so he started I I · , . I I ! I I ! I I Somewhere in New Guinea the American flag is lowered at sundown by a trio of U. S. engineers. Corporals Donald Braithwaite, New York City; Willis Agnew, Columbus, 0., and Percy Gray, Kentwood, La., are members of the Army engineer unit composed of Negro troops that have been in New Guinea more than a year. l Rest Welcome to Yanks in New Guinea , I Ca.pt. Broner ~~d t:asse~1iti: the knee by a Jap rifle bullet. "I took a hike to where Bill was buried and tool< some pictures. It's 1 a _beautiful spot near a native village with a couple of tall palm trees shading it. "The rumor had gotten around (hat I had been killed so both Bill and Jim had said they were going to get a dozen Japs for that." Do mothers want to know what to send a boy in the hospital? Captain Broner advises his mother that his brother, Jim, would appreciate candy bars, chewing gum, magazines, snapshotS, and of al I things, a Scars Roebuck catalogue! ; Here's more about that fight in the New Guinea jungle: "The worst of this particular !battle is over and now the grave registration men are busy. No I Foot we~ry and of sober mind, these members of the heroic 32nd Division sit beside a jungle trail for rest during march to Euna sector of New Guinea where their unit won 55 Distinguished Service crosses in Jap rout. The 32nd Division was originally a Wis'Consin and Michigan National Guard outfit: ~- �... pcd that within a few minutes aft&L a Catholic mass has been I concluded, the necessary changes can be made to have th, bui ing in readiness for a Protestant service. And should a Jewish I chaplain desire lo conduct a service after the Protestant service, the ch::::pel could be rearranged quickly to meet the needs by mov- l ing the altar back into a rC'cess and by opening the ark prodded for the scroll. Same Hymnal U!'led The equipment provided for • the chaplains is also indicative of the brotherhood found among them. The hymnbook for use in the c h a p e 1 s-"The HymnalArmy and Navy''-is divided into three sections, Protestant, Catholic and Jewish. and can readily be used , by each group. Within the short space of a few hours, these books arc often used for1 three different services for three different groups. Regulations require that R chaplain hold appropriate religious services for the entire command to which he is assigned. It is customary to hold two services on Sunday, one for everybody and the other when it is desired for the particular faith of the chaplain. Should a chaplain be unable to minister to men of another religious faith. he tries to ! obtain a chaplain !ram a neighboring unit or a tocal clergyman to hold services in the camps or, to arrange for transportation to churches in nearby communities. Counsel for All In his pastoral duties, the chRp-, lain serves as a friend, counselor and guide without discrimination to all members of the command to which he is assigned, regardless of creed or sect. ln his inten•icws Service chaplains share the hardships of their flocks, accom• panying the troops right into combat areas. The photo above, taken in a jungle clearing' near Bun a, New Guinea, shows American soldiers standing wi{h bowed heads as Father Stephen Dzienis administers absolution before battle. By \\'ILLIA:'.\I R. AR~OLD The student chaplains live in he oft.en finds· l1e_ is .dealing with ( Chief or Chaplains, dormitories. Assigned to rooms, a. soldier whose faith 1s o_ther th~n . . . they often find that Protestant t his own. Should the problem 111 . . 'tJmted States ~rmy . Jew, an'cl Catholic occupy the sarn~ questi~n require t1:e servi~cs ~f a V1s1t?rs to t~c Office. Chief o! quarters. This close association en- cha?lam of ~hat fa1~1:, the mqu1r~r l Cliaplams a\ times register sur- ables \he ,haplains to become bet- obviously will be ctn ee\ed to such I pnse when they learn that. ]~ere ter acquainted with one another, a chaplain. , . . members of the three r~ltg1ous and the mutua1 ex change of ideas The . wofk of the chaplam 1s groups-Protestant. Catholic, and in their dormitory discussions tends recognized as a help to the mor- 1 lJewish-work side by side, in. ~ar- to a better understanding of in- ale of the command he servea. many and unity for the rellg10us dividual viewpoints. - --program of th e Army. The cantonment chapels are That which in civilian commun- mute but potent re mind e rs of the ities_ i~ .often tholight of as an im- brotherhood to be found among poss1b1l1ty has be come an e\7 ery- the chaplains. Ha rl so meon e preday occurrence with u s. The chap- dieted a few y ears a,,.o that in 0 lains in thi s offi ce, each true to 1943 there wo~ld be more than his own religiou s convictions an.a 1000 of the se chap els, so coneach respecting the beliefs of Ins structed that tl1ey could be used fellow chaplain, give : :m excellent for Protestant, Catholi c, and Jew- I example of how chaplains through- iDh s ervices, it would have been out the armed forces promote labeled a fanciful dream. And brotherhood. yet this has come to pass. In this offipe, where the Chief These spired houses of God of Chaplains co•ordinates the work have been so planned and equipof the Corps of Chaplains com- 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - j posed of ministers, priests, and 1 rabbis, it is always kept in mind ~ that this work is in the inte.r est of all the religious groups. Problems are discusseri in that light and the answer is sought which will serve the common good of alL ti An important institution is the Chaplain School, where the majority of newly-appointed chaplains receive their first training. '. The Commandant and his instruc- GRAND RAPIDS ~ MONDAY, FRANK TODISH WRITES TO COL, HAZE ... Lefter from Australia Gives News of G. R. Men Late news of Grand Rapids and western Michigan men with the 32nd division in far-off Australia h; contained in a letter received by Col. William Haze, former commander of the 126th infantry, from Frank 0. Todish, chief warrant officer of a service company in the 32nd division. ,vriting from Australia under date of June 20, Todish said: "Here I sit with a lantern in front of me, trying to catch up on my correspondence. I sure have been through a paper war, as we call it, since we got back from New Guinea. We train here and theredifferent type, as you understand -but it sure is good rough and tough training. "We have a peach of a colonel now, a dandy lieutenant colonel, and of course a fine group of officers as always, but you wouldn't know many of them now. Rememher the group that were inducted in 1940? Let me name the ones that are left: Schntpke, Menclewski, Boet, Henry, Wildey, Navarre Woltjer, Nummer, Lutjens, John~ son, FalB.rski, Schu.lz, Kutchinski, Gil1, Garland, Saganski, Harper and myself." (Maj. Clarence Schnipke, Maj. Harry Menclewski, Maj. John Boet, Capt. Edwin Henry, Capt. Russell Wildey, Capt. Ed"*ard J.' Woltjer, Capt. Erwin Num• m~r,_ Lieut. Paul Lutjens, Lieut. Wilham J. Johnson, Chief Warrant 1 Off!cer Oscar H;utchtnski, Warrant Officer Auiol!I Gill, Warrant Officer I I I I JULY 5, 1943 ' Paul Garland, Warrant Officer Clarence Saganski, Capt. Jack Harper). NEXT OUTFIT "Howe and Medendorp (Col. Merle Howe and Capt. Alfred Medendorp) are with the outfit next to us. Just heard that Doerr (Lieut. Col. Lester C. Doerr) is at higher headquarters. So is Col. Ray E. Cotton). Too bad about Warmenhoven (Lieut. Col. Simon Warmen• hoven, who died of a gunshot wound). "I must say we have had a few colonels since induction. I can count 12 who have commanded the regiment since that day, While on leave a couple of months ago I met Apted, Lawyer, Thoman and Briggs of the old gang (Lieut. Col. Clark Apted, Capt. Charles Lawyer, Capt. Kenneth Thoman and Warrant Officer Russell Briggs). They all have nice rooms. hot water baths, good living con- I ditions. The letter also comments on :•:yt:~k:!u~~ t~mm\~ ;;gheitchh,eTatoded- 1 i:~ under the collar. There are a lot of things I would like to tell you," he. ~dds, ''but,, you know the restrictions on us. NEWS OF COMRADES Continuing with news of his comrades, To dish says: ''I forgot to mention Wild Bill Gleason Masalkowski and Sprague, (Staff Sergt . Bill Zarafonetis, Staff Sergt. Harold Gleason, Staff Sergt. John Ma.salkowski.) Bolthouse {now Second Lieut. Mynar Bolthouse) will graduate from OCS school at the end of this month. Cliff Hughes (Staff Sergt. Clifford Hughes) has left us for limited service. All the band boys are doing fine. Religious Rites in the Jungl~_,.... "I"~ Veterans' Insignia \~~~J \~~~~~:~t~!if::.1 ~ii~~ ~~~}~s~~1~ 1 mus say e o gang 1s ting smaller every month. j fever has left its mark on qui~ c::, ;~;:·a:;m\ha~:a~~ne t~a:he (Lieut. Col. Henry Geerds) had, for home, but now I understand is still here." . Commenting that "the war n I to impart instruction to large cla~~es composed of c.:haplains ,..,,110 L ~rlong to mc1.ny different religious ~ grouv_s. ____ ! ;o:~~h d~:~~~~e~or t~~r ;!~~e:l mate in Australia thus: "We going through our winter sea here without snow, of course, many nights we go to bed to k warm. No heat of any kind. I just picture the warm days of J back home. Hold it, Todish, or will get homesick! This is the new lapel button of gold-plated plastic which \dll be awarded to men and women who receive honorable discharges from the U. S. army during the present war. The design is an eagle within a circle. The wings extend beyond the edges of the circle. Divine ser\'iCe is being held in 1J1is ju~gle chapel, nea~ "How is ou: old friend Jo New Guinea. by Chaplain M~i:cus W. Johnson of Norfol" (John D. E~ghsh, custodian o! for an American infantry section stationed in that area. armory.) Fme, I hope. I recei ! _ a letter from Guy Roest (firer at the armory) the other day which he says he is still maste; the shovel and broom. I'll he di4. do a. lot of shnvelfng snow the past winter." PRAISES ZEEFF Paying ·a warm tribute to soldier1y qualities of Maj. 1 Zeeff, the writer continues: "J Harper and I were just speal ,.___________...;;,:;;..-'!?f ~eeff. He is doing fine. Tl 1s one man that did a swell jo New Guinea. Believe me, he is right type of battle leader." Commenting on events at hi To dish says: ''I see where Done and Barendse (Col. Lewis J. D van and Maj. Ben M. Baren ·w ere pushed up in the state trc I sure was glad to hear that. S about Rosecrans (Adjt. Gen. bert M. Rosecrans, former hea s~lective service in Michigan, died recently). He was a fellow. "Guy tells me that the arr is being fitted up into a bi building. I still think they sh have built when you wanted t to a few years back. "It's getting a little cool, so to bed to keep warm. With best of regards to you and Haze and remember me to gang at the armory. ODISH'-' �le.RAND llAPIDS, MICH., TUESDAY, AUGUST 10, 1943. After the Battle; the Glory-for Grand Rapids Fighters First Meeting Since New Guinea Two wounded veterans of the New Guinea campaign, both. Grand Rapids youths, held a reunion last week following JI war bond rally at the plant of the Hayes Manufacturing company. Lt., E. M. Foster, left, who is a patient at Percy Jones army hospital in Battle Creek, was chief speaker at the rally, Edward Joswick, discharged from the army for wounds in New Guinea, ls back on his old job as an electrician at the Hayes plant. DISCHARGED CORPORAL IN WAR PLANT f-lERE Wounded Buddies of Buna Meet Again at Bond Rally When, Lt. E. M. Foster of Grand Rapids, wounded south Paclfic vet' eran, ~ast week spoke at a ~ar bo nd rally m Hayes Manufac_turmg co~pany plant her~, he kindled vivid memori~s for Edwa rd Jo~wick, 1101 Third st., NW., who was m th e crowd that heard the talk. 1 1Heroic Exploits In New Guinea Gain Recognition Successfully carrying out their difficult assignments in the extremely hazardous fighting in New Guinea, two Grand Rapids soldiers have been rewarded with decoraUons which were pinned on their uniforms by Maj. Gen. William H. Gill of the 32nd division. I The local fighters are W, A. Bajdek, a technician, and Ptc. Joseph Freiburger. Bajdel( received the j distinguished service cross for swimming lwo jungle rivers a telephone and wire line on his back to establish a vital communication line. Pfc. Freiburgl;f \.\'as awarded the silver star fol' having led litter bearers around Japanese positions in t he jungle to the main trail and a J-1,ospital. with1 I ----- ~Pholos by Signal Corps, U. S. Army. For heroism in action in New Guinea two Grand Rapids soldiers 1•ecently were decorated by MAJ. GEN, WILLIA!.\{ H. GILL. Top, Gen Gill shakes hands with PFC. JOSEPH J:i..,REIBURGER, awarded silver star. Lower, he pins distinguished · service croS!'i on \Y, A. BAJDEK, technician. (Photos hy army; signal ~urps,) Joswick is also a wounded veteran o! the New Guinea campaign having served tn the same outfit'. and fought in the same battles as Lt. Foster. Quiet, reserved and llttle given to talking about his wS:r exploits Joswick stood in line to shake bands with Lt. Foster\t\t the conclusion of the latter's address, - · dealing with Jap atrocities. .. "Maybe you remember me," Joswick remarked after congratulating the lieutenant. "I was with you in New Guinea.'' "YOU BET" Lt, Foster paused an instant and ·then put his arm around Josvl'lck. "You bet I r;member you," he said, then turning to George C. Rowald, co-chairman of the payroll savings division or the Kent county I war finance committee, explaini}d that Joswick served in his bat'l3]lion and they had known each other before being inducted into the service. "This fellow can tell you better than I can about the fighting in New Guinea," Lt. Foster declared, Joswick suffer~d wounds in the back and leg caused by a n;i.ortar shell during the Buna Mission battle in which Lt. Foster became a Casualty. The shell which hit Joswick ki1led three other soldiers a·nd wounded a fifth member of his squad. NARROW ESCAPE Joswick served as a corporal in the battlea of Sanananda and Bu,na. He praised the hero1sm of bta scf.uad and said they "fought like tigers." Although unwllllng to talk about himself, Joswick did recall one nar- 1~~:Pw!i8a~ii~! l~~;ine:c:p:~g 1!~e~ gun let loose at him, making chips fly from. the top o! the log. The most heroic act he saw in New Guinea was, he said, the at~ tempt o! a doughboy to rescue a comrade wounded in the stomach. \ The soldier died in the attempt. Joswick was evacuated from Guinea in November and remsm~ in an army hospital in Austral untll April when he sailed for hom He returned recently to his old jo as an electrician for the Hayes N\_. I plant. �RAPIDS HERALD MONDAY OCTO ER 25 9 3 UOUS TRAILS art of the 126th followed the narrow and tortuous jungle trails over the Owen Stanley range and the rest were flown over the Owe~ Stanley mountains, but one bat talion then had to surmount on - -- - " - - ' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - • -_ _ _ __:_'_ _ _ _B_ _ __:_'_1_4_ _ _ _ foot another mountain, chain 1 known as Hydrographers ran~e. OLE REGIMENT'S BRAVERY IS HISTORY; SOME ACTS STAND OUT , The Owen Stanley mountains reach a height of 13,000 feet and few white men had ever before penetrated the range's !aalnesses. Ranier, in Washington, one I ofMt. the three loftiest peaks in the • BattIe Record Of th e 126th Inf an t New G u,nea Is Packed with Heroism of Western Michigan PRESSING JAPS By the latter part ot November, ;~:: !~~ ew!~re~:e::~d wfth the 126th was over the mountains French croix de guerre with pa all d f;~:t~g th e Japs entrenched Fellowing the New Guinea c.: ab;~e first battalion of the 126th paign, ~he divis~on w~. ag~\n gt· regiment and Austr9:lian troops moved from one direction on Buna . t H t h mission a short distance from ?as called its conduc mac Euna vi11age. The second battalion in bravery and devotion to du crossed a river about 100 yards wide, running to ocean between Buna and Gona and the third battalion hemmed in the Japs from still another direction. A tiny place called Sauputa, a few miles lnland from Buna, ~e~:~tcs, is only 14,500 feet. Heroiam of the 126th regiment officer of the 32nd division. Col. earned the admiration of bis com- Willard Broner died under Jap fire New Guinea, which departed Howe risked his iife a hundred rades for his tireless devotion to and James Broner lost a leg at the or federal service just three years thi:ies during the critical Buna cam- duty during the difficult crossing Sananantla battJe. te!~~~tln~~;l~~n,Macfrthu1;e,; marked the front line for the n go, haa been acclaimed in n~wsapers, magazines and newsreels. heir exploits never will be fully ucrtbed but here are a few ac~ ounta: of individual acts o! bravry and devotion. To Sergeant George Zeitlow of olland and his machine gun squad oes credit for kllltng more Japs, erhaps, than any other unit of e 126th. Capt. Mitchell Haan, ow home on leave, says he has en th-e jungle littered with Jap odte• In front of Zeitlow'a gun mplacement. pa~~dely known is the bravery of Capt. Simon warmenboven, Grand Rapids physician, killed in New Guinea, and posthumously awarded the disting_uished service cross. Another medical man, Capt. John T. Boet, of Grand Rapids, likewise has ~~et~~ti~:~~a~t;:i!~~erd~nge and tn The Broner family of Muskegon sent three heroes with the 126th regiment to New Guinea. Capt. Russell A. Broner dodged death many times but his two brothers, hath sergeants, were not so lucky. ===== Once, a Jap officer discovered Sgt. Zeitlow lying in his slit trench d, with drawn sword, was about o ~x the Holland soldier. By a 1\li\c movement, Zettlow seized ht lap by the legs, toppling him nto the trench and the sergeant hen choked him into unconsciouseas and ran him through with he Jap's own sword. IDN'T COME BACK There was Sgt. John C. Putt, a emb-er of company I, of the third attalion, who volunteered to lead patrol through the Jap lines in earch of Company L, the 'lost' c 1pany. He never came back. Outstanding was the feat of Maser Sgt. Harold M. Lester1 of Grand Rapids, senior first Hrgeant of the 126th regiment, who with Sgt. Ber. ard A. Fonger fought their way hrough the Jap lines to the 'lost' mpany. Commander Salutes 126th Col. William Haze ls pictured 8alutfng the 126th infantry regimen~ Michigan national guard, during ceremonies In Fulton park three years ago Sunday, eve of departure of ftnt units of the 126th for active service. to~n i~h~!:1~f ;~;::;n~~ h~~~~d Rapids, winner of the distinguished service cross for holding his posi~ tion in the fact of repeated Jap attacks. . Returning mez_nbers of the 126th ~~!~m~~iic~:Yotf~ g~~u~esl:r t~~ Doerr, chaplain of the 43nd division, who labored day and night at Port Moresby to make the lot of the wounded easier during their evecuation to Australia, and to Sgt. Harold Gleason who was tn charge of bundling food and medical supplies dropped from air to the 126th regiment during the trek across the Owen Stanley mountains. Another hero o! the 126th is Capt. D on a 1 d Bush of Kalamazoo, wounded in the leg and thigh, who recently returned to duty at Fort Custer following convalescence at Percy Jones army hospital in Battle Creek. Bush won his captain's bars the same day that Capt. Mitchell Haan o! Grand Rapids, also here on leave, won his. Capt. Haan deserves special mention as commander of a unit which went to the rescue o! the lost company on the Sanananda road. The Grand Rapids officer mlract.lously escaped Jap bullets but fell victim to malaria. A hero of Haan's outfit was Sgt. Jerry Bonzelaar of Holland, one o! two men who braved intenee Jap fire to rescue four men buried under debris caused by the explosion of a Jap aerial bomb. Mourned by the whole regiment is Capt. Herald M. Hootman of Muskegon and Grand Rapids, popular officer and fearless soldicr1 whose body was found floating in a stream several days after he had been picked off by a sniper's bullet. This account of the valor of the 126th regiment could continue at great length. It would be wrong to think there were none in the regiment found wanting during the New Guinea ordeal but their number was negligible and it can be proudly said that nearly every man o! the hundreds who left their homes three years ago has earned the gratitude and admiration not only of Western Michigan but of the whole nation. ~New Landi,{·~· at Saidor Stuns\. JaPis )- 1 I By LEONARD M LL.IMAN Associated Pres°' ,var Ed11:ior American amphibious troops landed unopposed on the northern coast of New Guinea, capturing the harbor and airport of Saidor and trapping Japanese forces between them and Australians advancing \JP the coast of the Huon peninsula, Gen. Doug I as MacArthur a.nnounced Monday. Saidor fo about 110 air line miles northwest of Finschhafen, starting point of the Austi-alian march up the coast, and 55 miles southeast of Madang, nearest major Japaneee base toward which another column of Auetralians is driving from the Ramu valley. The landing, made by midwestern , elements ot the 32nd division of the Sixth army, took the Japanese by complete surprise. A 200-ton bombardment by warships and plane~ left the Japanese garrison so stunned they offC"red no resistanre as the sold.ier~ poured ashore ,1.t Ithree points. The troops, hugely from Wiscon~in and Michigan. went a11hore behind a smoke screen and quickly overcame slight Japanese resistance as they advanced and established firm control over the airfields and harbor. The amphibious operation represents an overnight gain that would have taken a month or longer to accomplish by the laborious march through the coastal jungles. It poses a new threat to Madang and its subsidiary bastion of Bogajim, which is about 45 miles west of .Saldor. In the overall picture this is another extension of MacArthur's route back t , the Philippines, furthet'ing the movement started when Sixth army units landed on the Arawe sector of New Britain Dec. 15. Along this route marin~s are 1developing the Japanese-built alrdrome at CapE'! Gloucester, New Britain. but there ha~ bPen no word since the Dec. 26 lnndin~ or AmerlC'an forC'es on LOng i~land. off the New Guinea coast c1hout 50 miles eR~l or Saidor. I l 1 �The Weather Cloudy, Warmer Full U. S. Weather Bureau Report on Fare I FIF'rY-NINTH n~ ~pi~s _~tnda <fkt GRAND YEAR 'IDS, MICH., MONDAY, JANUARY 3, • • • PRICE FOUR CENTS 1944 AMERICAN ~ lMPHIBIOUS FORCES LAND. AT S·1·DOR, NEW Capture GUINEA· Airfield; Foe ' ~-- . -~ __ p_____ -~ -~ - 1 .- War Echoes in Grand Rapids Resistance Is Feeble 32nd D,iv,ision Aids ·in Landing Operafi,ons M,enacing Jap Bas,es ADV AN CED ALLIE D HEADQUARTERS, New Guinea UP ) Gen. Douglas MacArthur landed veteran American army troops , including elements of the 32nd division, on the beach at Saidor on the north coast of New Guinea, without opposition Sunday to strike the third lightning blow in 18 days against the Japanese in the southwest Pacific area. ' The troops, commanded by Brig. Gen. Clarence Martin and Col. Slade N. Bradley, pushed inland, immediately to capture the - _ _ 1airfield and reported shortly after landing they had encountered slight resistance. I With the Japanese still reeling from offensive thrusts at Cape Gloucester and Arawe, both on New Britain island, all since Deo. 15, MacArthur caught them again by surprise by landing the soldiers behind the enemy's lines only 55 miles southeast of Madang, the Japanese' big base on Astrolabe bay. By this amphibious operation MacArthur cut off a considerable force of Japanese still battling the Australians a few miles north of RED ARROW J OB--1\lrs. Hazel Marker , 842 Alpine-av., N. W., displ ays t h e h a n diw ork of her son, S/Sgt. Stanley Ketch e1, 27, veteran of New Gu in ea cam paign s, who has acquired skill i n knitting and weaving w hile convalescing in an Australia n h ospital rou owtng attaeks or malaria. his uncle, the late Stanley Ketchel of Grand Rapids, famous middle weight boxing champion. Graduated in 1936 from Union i.n..h........,._~ Blucher point, which is above the Aliied base at Finschhafen, and the commanding general said the enemy was "trapped with n o source of supply, and they face disintegration and destruction." �Capt. Charlea of the headquarter• detachment, third b'attellon, l:l8tb Infantry 32nd dlvl1lon, U. S. A., called upon m.-iut week Thursday. That was a call worth having for we mighty seldom nowadays • ee a aoldJer with the famous Red Arrow on his shoulder. The boys who wear this Jn•ignia are over in New Guinea, have just made a new landing there and since the first troops went into action in the south Pacffjc, the Red Arrow division has been l pretty busy killing Japs. So from Lawyer, who has been with the 126th a long time before this war I got a pretty goo~ glimpse of what the boys have been doing and the conditions under which they have been doing it. Charlie like most of those who have seen real figh.Ung will say Httle about that phase of ft ):,\l"t he did te11 me something of the difficuJtles :~dte;is ~ : : the boys have been fighting Capt. Lawyer is home because he, like many another, says, "This is a young man's war. The tremendous exertions required and general hardships endured are just too much tor the ·ticker' or even a middle-aged man, a man say in his 40's." That's the reason Lawyer Is home and hereafter will be doing only limited service. They wanted to give him a medica l discharge but he said: ''After being in the service 25 years, I don ·t wan~ t~ quit in. the middle of a war. I can do l1m1ted service." They took him at his word and so he still wears Uncle Sam's uniform with the Red Arrow on his shoulder. In describing the toll which the exertions ot this war take, Lawyer enumerated many ot the original officers of the division Most of those high up in rank were in their 40's, even up to 48. Today just one officer is above 40 while very few of the rest or the officers are above 30. Many a captain and major and even colonel are in their early 20's for they are the ones who can take it. Moreover, Lawyer said that when the 32nd went over, 88 of the officeu were virtually local and well known. Today only seven of those original officers are left. Many, of course, are with other outfits but so far as the 32nd is concerned, those of \ us who once knew officers and men would find mostly strangers. On the other hand, one of the reasons for the great weeding out of local men is th').t the 126th perhaps has sent more non-coms and enlisted men to officers' training schools than almost any other similar outfit. Lawyer says the boys are the finest of soldiers and know their stuff so that a great many or those who started Out as en• ll• ted men are today wearing bars on their aboulden. I * :., * Australia Is Fine; New Guinea, Terrible Capt. Lawyer says Australia is a splendid country and the people so very much like Americans that they all get on wonderful1y well together. He said the Australians just naturally took the Americans to their hearts, opened their homes to them and generally palled around with them. Every• thing was wonljJer!ul and still is wonderful in Australia so far as the American boys are concerned and the Australian fighting men a,re wonderful. But New Guinea he aays, is something different. We've all ;ead and heard about the men fighting through mire and water up to their necks and of malaria and mosquitoes and other insects but La~er says we have no conception of just what that all amounts to. ''The boys in therE! fighting today are very much better equipped than we were ":'hen we went in at Port Moresby the first time," he said. ''We had no carbines, no jungle packs, no proper rations. Today the boys have all the supplies and equipment which we have learned from experience Is necessary for fighting in that kind of ter• rain and climate. They have everything now and that helps a lot." During the advance of the 32nd over the Owen-Stanley rnnge from Fort Moresby • Lawyer's out!it was given the job of seeing that the men On the march got their BUPplies. Having had no expel'ience and no informal.ion on the subject they just had to figure it out for themselves. It was a case of dropping the supplies from planes and of that they knew nothing. They cxperi• mented and Lawyer says that Maj. Harry Menclewski did a wonderful job of Jt. After they finally had the whole thin figured out and were doing the job, along comea complete Information from Washington. But they had figured it out long before and their system was already in operation Md successfu!Jy. The natives of New Guinea, Lawyer said, fortunately are very friendly and help the Australians and the Americana all they can. They hate the Jape and are used n?t alone as carriers and aborers but the selected ones are Invaluable gaining tn!ormation and reporting tt to proper ofClclals. • Jr anybody thinks the 32nd is havln11 in N Guinea, Lawyer says they on or, 1111e11 comln . . I With American Troops at Saidor. New Guinea-()P'}--The Japanese t sent nine bombers to raid thP Ametican beachhead at Saidor Sunday afternoon but found a completely Integrated force of jungle veterans in command of the area, . delayed reports disclosed Tuesday. " It \\·as the first report of an enI emy air attack on Saidor since Michigan and Wisconsin troops, ele• ments of th~ 32nd division which had their baptism o[ lire in the Papuan campaign, stormed ashore at dawn New Year's day. (Grand Rapids members of the Red Arrow division participated in the land• ing.) Only One Man Killed. One man was killed in _the and three wounded. Sunday night Maj. George Bond of San Angelo, Tc:.-:., summar1zert I the situation which established this as one ot the most cheap1y-ga incd land in gs in the southwest Pacific. "By that time we held a beach• head or some five miles," he c;;a id. "The main objective, securing of the landing strip, was achieved not long after noon." At least 11 Japanese dead havt'' been counted and one enemy sol• <lier taken prisoner. One of the first men · to recon• noiter the area thoroughly was Col. J . S. Bradley of Ml. Pleasant. S. C., c:enior officer of the American in• fantry force. He was one of the first, too, to swim the nearby Nankina river. "I was so hot by then I just walked right in with my clothes on," he sairl. Maj. Boet Spots Bivouac. Maj. John T. Boet of Grand Rapids. division medical officer, and Capt. Dubberly went on a scouting expedition of their own and found a Japanese bivouac below the southernmost of the three landing l I I more Grand Rap~ds men were named Tuesday in Associated Press dispatches concerning the Red Arrow occupation of Saidor, New Guinea. Capt. William J. Johnson, left, was in command of one of the landing boats; Cpl. Joseph R. li..,reiburger, Jr., 21, center, was among the assault troops, and l\ilaj. John T. Boet, 2U, r~gimental medical officer, was in charge of a patrol. ·_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ ~,,.te9ic,11•ouctfll••!.a.., C.•peGl011c:e,1t••11dLo111lll... ,1i1tJ•p11i1Pf1,h11nlro111~,. Ne•Ulil111n tot.boul 1olr1.0111,ol ..... ,,..1\11 to11••U \-e,,,h•Pl "'"'"'°''""orc:l'",h,rlW"9 ganized, then pushed on inland and in the direction of Saui point. The main line followed the trail while riflemen, singly and by twos and threes poked into undergrowth to either side. Spot Native Hut. U111trellN ~ the J•pallCM..., RED ARROWS SCORE AGAIN-Spearheaded by l\llchigan and Wtseonsln troo1>s of the 32nd Red Arrow division, American forces have captured the harbor and airfield at SaJdor, New GuineL beaches. At the trail junction the men Bradley said he believed the heavy spotted a native hut. Everyi>ody rd 5 ~:b~ ;;i~~ brooi.~ ~o a~o:~r~~ :aaic~r~~~d t~ss~~opi/~il~r:~a~~: explosives on the area, probably There was no return fire. Then 0 ~~~ 1/~~~edre:~f~de / e\~~eren;:: Capt. Johnson came out of the scrub to the left of the trail and caught by or fled ahead of th e pre• said, ''H-1, there's nothing therend la ing naval sheJJing. we came through that about five Capt. Johnson Leads Unit. minutes ago." One landing boat was in com• IncJudcd in the landing party was mand of Capts. William J. Johnson Cpl. Joe R. Freiburger of Grand of Grand Rapids and Peter L. D:il- Rapids. Most of the troops were nonte of Three Rivers. When ft hit with the units which participated the beach the men filed out on the in the Jong hike over part of the doublc and proreeded inland on a Owen Stanley mountains in the narrow trail to a native hut. There early days of the New Guinea cam• they halted momentarily to get or- paign. 1 --------- - -· I More p apuan Vets a t· Slll,"d or I Further evidence that many Cpl. Joseph R. Freiburger, jr., 2l, Grand Rapids veterans of the gruel- whose home is at 2037 Edgewood• Jing Paouan campaign of a year av., N. E ., Is another Papuan vetago again are in action in the oc• eran in th_e Saidor campaign. ~e cuption of Saidor, New Guinea, was won the silver star medal for_ his revealed in Associated Press dis- action in the earlier New Gumea patches Tuesday listing local of- campaign, leading Utter· bearers ficers and enJisted men. around Japanese positions to evacu• Capt. Wi11iam J. Johnson, son of ate wounded comrades. A former Mrs. Edgar Johnson of Ada, who Union High school student, he was was tn command of one of the employed by the Grand_ Rapids landing boats, was one of the of• Hardware Co. before enterm; servficers with the "'lost company" on J 1cc. A brother, Donald, 1s m the the Sanananda roadblock late in navy. 1942. In the description of that Maj. John T. Boet, who apparent. battle it was related that Johnson ly 1s doubling as a patrol leader then a lieutenant, led m the cap- officer, was promoted to his pres• turc or a Japanese supply dump ent rank after the Papuan camwhich helped sustain the company paign. He was a close fnend of Lt. m its bitter 2l•day stand. Capt. Col. Simon Warmenhoven. medical Johnson is a grandson of the late ofhcer, \\ho ,,.as killed Jn action in w,mam Judson of ~he JudsOn tho campaign a year ago. Maj. G~ry Co, ; Boet Is the son of Dr. and .Ml'I. With Cllpt. Johnson In the Saidor Frank A. 13oet, 849 Scribner-av•• attack wM Capt. Peter L. Dal• N. W., and 1s a graduate of Union ponte of Three Rivers, who for a High school, J~nior college !ind time was in command of the "lost\ Marquette umverslty medical c_o_m_p_an_y::____ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _sc_h_o_o_I._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ l I I I �_..,___.-:-------------------------.J-------------------------.---:----:-:--==-=-=-=-:: -:-=-=-====-=-:::-:--i The Grand Rai>i s Press Rain YEAR TWQ SECTIONS SECTION ONE GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. THURSDAY, JANUARY 27, 1944'.- 26 PAGES \ \ Home Edition FOUR CENTS fl ON NEWS STAND. AND STREET ed Arrow V etS to Return Home Soon _j First Quota Will Leave Jungle Front in March 126th Left City 39 Months Ago Buna Troops Revelation that veterans of the 32nd (}J.ed Arrow) division will be returned borne this year means that members of the 126th infantry, former Michigan National Guard regiment from Grand Rap ids and other west Michigan cities, will be back in Grand Rapids after nearly four years of service, including two overseas. It was in October, 1940, that some 600 members of Grand Rapids coma nies left the city for trainin g in Camp Beauregard, La. Col. William Haze, then in charge, later was retired and many of the men who left with the original contingents either have been transferred or have been incapacitated in training or in combat. But of the 1,300 from this city and west Michigan who went south, several hundred still remain with the Red Arrow division in Australia and New Guinea. After 16 weeks at Camp Beaure- gard the division was moved to Camp Livingston, La., for further training. Early in 1942 the division was sent to Camp Devens, Mass., apparently for transfer to Uie European theater, but later Len gth of Service orders sent it across the continent Order of Release to a Pacific coast embarkation point where it left in April , 1942, for Milwaukee--(IP)-Robert J. Doyle, Australia. The 126th infantry, with Grand the Milwaukee Journal's staff war Rapids companies making up part correspondent, in a radio dispatch of the spearhead attack, rolled from Sajdor, New Guinea, reported back the Jap invaders in New Thursday that the first group o:t Guinea in October, November and 32nd division soldiers who would December of 1942, the campaign return to the United States were continuing into the early months scheduled to leave the southwest of 1943. In this campaign heroic Pacific early in March. chapters were written by the local "A new army order provides for troops over the Owen Stanley return on a monthly quota basis, mountain trails, at Euna and along beginning in March, of army perSananada road. Many Grand Rap - sonnel with 18 months' service in ids and west Michigan youths won the southwest Pacific area," Doyle awards for their heroism in this said. "Preference is to be given t o those with six months or more in action. A few weeks ago local units were tropical areas-northern Australia reported in a landing at Saidor, and New Guinea and other islands .. S oldiers T hrllled. New Guinea, where they probably still are in action. "This is the biggest news Red History of the 126th infantry and Arrow soldiers have heard sirlce of the 32nd division goes back to they were sent overseas. From the Spanish-American war. The morning until night they talk o f division also was in the Mexican little else. Almost every soldier border campaign of 1916, served in I have talked to in the last y ear France w ith unusual distbction in has asked, 'When are we goin g 1917-1918 and then was part of the home?' Soldiers have nursed r earmy of occupation in Germany. It turning-home rumors since the V./as one of the first units calleQ, Buna campaign. into federal service in 1940 when "Even though Red Arrow per• orders for mobilization were sonnel officers a1:1e compiling lists issued. at the direction of division head .. quarters, naming men qualified for return, some soldiers are afraid t o believe it. "Quotas are secret, but it appea rs that they will be relatively small j<That's wonderful!" exclaimed for the first few months, but may Col. William Haze, former com- increase when the machinery is mander of the 126th infantry, when running smoothly and more ship• informed at his heme Thursday of ping and replacements are avail• the plan to return to this country able. veterans of the 32nd (Red Arrow) '1Juna Boys" First. division. "Among soldiers who arrived in "I doubt that any news could lift Australia more than 21 month• the morale of the men at home as ago with the 32nd division, pref• •.vell as those in the fighting as erence probably will be given much as this. It gives to those who still are to go overseas some assur- those with the longest service in ance that they may expect to re- New Guinea. Red Arrow infantryturn home after they have had men still v-.'ith the division who fought in the Buna campaign have their share of the battle and of had nearly nine months' tropical course it gives similar assurance service. Fjrst quotas will consl,;t to tho.se..~~ th..:_ :~~~t_:~~~~t~er_;v~l~ chief!}' of "'ll<'h vetetans. Get Priority Rule!i Boost to Morale Asserts Col. Haze �PRICE FOUR CENTS l!M4 FEBRUARY 11, APS WIPED ·OUl Wipe Out 14,000 Japs in New Guinea Victory 32nd Divis·ion Yanks, Aussies Effect Juncture at Saidor ALLIED ~EA_DQUARTERS IN THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC (Fnday) <.1P)~V1ctonous conclusion of a rugged New Guinea Jungle campaign which trapped 14,000 Japanese and wiped out the "great bulk" of them was announced today by Gen Douglas MacArthur. · .Australian ve.terans of African battles with the Nazis climaxed a five months drive over the Huon peninsula's treacherous terrain by effectmg a Juncture Th~rsday morning with American invasion forces near Sa1dor-puttmg both in position to th t t d bomb-paralyzed Madang. rus owar The Aussies and Yanks joined forces at old l'.agoml, j U miles sout heut of Saidor. Th e Australian Infantry :force and citizens mllltary force (mllitla) met the Amerlcarus Jncludhtg Buna. veterans of the 32nd division , on a hot, flat coastal plai n. The Aussies had pushed 150 miles northwest from Finschhafen Bince that peninsula ~ase was captured last Oct. 2. They fought bitterly ove.r towering mountains ot the Finisterre range and a Jong the unhealthy coastal plain. They had to ford approximately 60 streams running down from Saruwaged and Finisterre. CPL. \VELDON G. LUSKIN S/SGT. WALTER CHESLOCK \VAR TAKES LIVEfi OF FOUR-Action at Saidor, New Guinea, on :Feb, 22, brought death to three Grand Rapids soldiers of the 126th infantry, according to messages received by their parents. Sgt. Robert Stefans, 21, w·ho had celebrated his twenty-first birthday i,~eb. 20, is the son of l\lr. and l\lrs. Frank Ste(ans, now of i\Iuske~on Heights. SJSgt. Russe ll E. Young, 25, is the son of l\Ir. and l\lrs. Roy E. Young, 1U8 Summer-av., N. \\'. S/ Sgt. \Valter Chc-slock, 31, I~ the son of l\lr. and Mr!ll. John Cheslock, 9,19 Twelfth-st., N. \V. All th r ee attended Union High school. Cpl. \Veldon G. Luskin, 18, of t he marines, son of A. W. Luskin, Ludington, was killed in a plane accident in the southwest Pacific. Two JI ore Red Arrows l(illedi T\',.'O more vetPrans of 32nd divi- looking forward to the promised sion action in the southwest Paci- , return of their outfit to th e UniV'd States. The new reports brought te l fie, who have gone throu gh the bit- thrPe the number k illed at Saidor. terest fighting with the 126th inThe lat<.'sl Grand R a pids casunl!antry, met d('ath in action against ti es. reported to their pare nts in the Japanese at Saidor, New official war department telegrams, t I 1 Guinea, Feb. 22, while they were a~~Sgt. Ru~sell E~ Young, 25, son of Mr. and Mrs. R oy E. Youngr I 108 Summer-av., N. W. 1 ; Sgt. Robert Stefan:;;, ':!1, son o ... 1 Mr. and Mrs. Frank Stefans, Muskcgon Heights, formerly of Grand R:~~ct;;ted Wednesday W3.$ the death ol S/ Sgt. Walter Cheslock, I I I 31, son of Mr. and Mrs. John Ches- lock, 949 Twelfth-st., N. W. Sgt. Young who w as cited by his \ company commander, Capt. M. M. Huggins, for heroism in the battle of the Sanananda track in the Buna compaign more than a y ear ago, was a warded the silver star for gallantry. He w as born in Shelby county, Ind., and moved to Muskegon Heights with his par~ ents, where they lived before coming here. He was gradua ted from Un ion High sc hool in 1937 and was a member of th e local national guard unit when it was caJled to I in the fall of 1940. He operIduty ated his own sheet metal shop on Bridge-st., be fore his enlistment. Sgt. Stelans left Union High I I school, where he was a sergeant in the ROTC unit. tc go to active duty with the 126th infantry in the fall of 1940 and was with the outfit throughout ~ ct ion in 1hc Buna campaign. Besides his parents he is surviv d by a brother, Pvt. , Thoma ~~Y Stcfans, station,d ~ army air base, Pratt, I I SAIDOR LANDIN<:, The Americans landed from the. 11ea at Saidor Jan. 2 thereby squeezing J a panese between them and th e Australlans, then about 50 miles away. Many of these Japa- 1 nese were drowned when PT boats sank the barges on which they tric to esca pe.. Others fled into the mount a ins a nd starved to death a long the jungle trails. The juncture of the fo r ces probably signalizes a driv1;1 on the coastal base of Madang, about 60 miles by coastline above Saidor. Fliers already have reported indications that the Japanese may have abandone.d that coastal base. SIX JAP Rl';GIMENTS In thEJ Huon campaign, the Japanese forces destroyed included six infantry, artillery and engineer regimc.nts. Headquarters. in announcing the ground sOccess today, also reported air blows at Japan's two principal Southwest Pacific air bases of Rabaul , New Britain, and Wewak, New Guinea. An air raid also was made on Al1:xishafen, air support base for Madang and Kavieng, New Ireland, s taging dr.pot for Rabaul. ..._ ~! 7 . .. . ~'f .id NICE TOWN - Grand Rapids looks "pretty swell" to T / Sgt. Jack Dezeeuw, Red Arrow veteran, who maintained radio connections between the front lines and headquarters in the Battle of Buna, a.nd at Saidor and Altape. He is home on furlough for 21 da)·s, visiting his sister, 1\lrs. Edward Broekstra, 843 \Vatk.ins-st., S. E., before reporting at Fort Sam Houston, Tex., for reassignment. �nero (In one Of the most dramatic moves of this war, the United States army forces on Luzon have rescued 510 Allied prison. ers from a Japanese pril!1on stockade far behind the enemy lines. (Clark Lee, veteran Interna• tional News Service war correspondent who covered the fall of Bataan, accompanied the picked group of U. S. Rangers eued men, dre11ed In rags and ploit of the Paciflc .war, 407 Amer• ican Rangers and Filipino guertatten, staggered or were .carrillas stormed a Japanese prison ried to the safety of American carnp in eastern Luzon Tuesday llnes under heavy fire from the night and freed 510 Allied captives, Jap prison gua~ · Tragically, mostly American ol'ficers and sol• two died with lght of an diers, afer killing 523 Japs of the American army p. brutal garrison. WAVE OF REJOICING Pitifully weakened by starvaAgainst the astoundingly heavy tion and horrors perpetrated by their ruthless captorsJ the resJap losses, the heroic band of res- who knifed through 30 miles of enemy territory to rescue the men. The following is his eyewitness story of the deliver- ippines, hastenCLARK LEE ed to make public the names and addresses of the freed men. "No Incident of the campaign has given me such personal satisfaction," he declared. '"The mission was brlliantly successful.'J · ance.) By CLARK LEE International News Correspondent WITH AMERICAN RANGERS NEAR CABANATUAN, Luzon (Delayed)-In the most electrifying ex- Led Luzon Prisoner Liberation Lt. Col. Henry A. Mucci of Bridgeport, Conn.• (above) led the daring and dramatic rescue of American and Allied prisoners from a Japanese camp on Luzon, He commanded 121 picked U. S. Rangers e.nd 286 Filipino guerrillas In the raid. Mucci's wife and young daughter, who live in Denver, are pictured on page 2, (Ar Wirephoto). �, �Hero "Explihis" i:-~"* Sanananda Sergeant Ca,ual About It Ju The man who, with a patrol of 30 under his command, fought nis way through to the famous "lost com9a ny" of Sanananda road block fame In the early fighting on New Guiri<li,, ls home again for 30 days ~happy in spite of the fact that he feels Impelled to do some goodnatur~d "explaining." He ls- Sgt. Thaddeus C. (Ted) · Gclembi'&wskl, 22, son ot Mr. and Mrs. Stanley Golembiewski 757 ! Lake Michigan-dr., N. W. • Twice reported wounded, he ,vants to clear that up. His first 1 "wound," just after the Sanananda epic, was simp]y malaria. The second wound was "OK"-a bullet in the ribs at Saidor. For him, the malaria was worst of the two. That, he said, "really got me down,'' and he was repeatedly hospi ta1ized in Australia. "Explanation" No. 2 has to do with. the widespread publicity he received as a hero. He laughs that off with a simple: "I only did what I was supposed to do." (What he was "'supposed to do"-and did was What really bothered Sgt. Golemlo take hi s patrol and establish biewski was a Detroit newspaper's contact with the Red Arrow sol- c~ual statement, in a story about OY IN HOT SPOT-Carrying canteens of water' I dicrs holding the Sanananda road his feat, that "Sgt. Golembiewski up a ridge on the island of Guam was t he task of Pfc. Gerard J. 1 block and surrounded by Japs. He is married.'' Platte, son of 1\-lr, and Mrs. Richard Platte, 153 Valley-av., N. \\'., made it, with the Joss of two men>. / •'That," says the sergeant, "'has I when this picture was taken. Pfc. Platte enlisted In the marines In called for a lot of explaining! It just isn't so." January, 194%, and hu bfien In the south Paclftc many months. He After his leave, Sgt. Golembiewtook part In the flrhtlng on Bougalnvllle and other operations In that ski reports at Fletcher General theater. He Is a graduate of Catholic Central High achoo! a nd wa1 1 hospital, Cambridge, Mass., for reIO •\'l • ~'t employed by Hayes Manufacturing corporation. assignment. He is a graduate of Union High school. He left here with the naTHE DETROIT NEWS, SUNDAY, APRIL 2!, 1944 tlonal guard in October, 1940, and r-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' - - ' - - - - - ' - - - - - - " - - - - - ' - - ' - - - - - ' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - w e n t overseas with the Red Arrows in April, 1942. Hls brother Edward G., is a seaman first cl~s, based at GuJfport, Miss. Two ha1f-brothers also are in service. Cpl. Bernard Sobotka, in North Africa, and Lt. Harry Sabotka. I , I I REUNION SOMEWHERE IN AUSTRALIA-U. S. servicemen from Michigan get together for a group photograph in an American Red Cross Service Club. Their names, addresses, and length of service in the Southwest Pacific, as of the middle of February, are listed below, from left to right. Row I: Pvt. Fabian Maka·•wiez, Fosters, 8 months ; T / 4' rry Ball, 6457 Jos. Campau, D•18 months; T /5 Edw~d J. 23 Elm Park boulevard, t Ridge, 22 months ; Corp. Corace, 2307 Van Dyke, 9 months ; Pfc. Harold A. ly, 4 month•; Pfc. Frank ~720 DequJndre, Ham- ~t!~ l~o~«?n~: c Robert A. Franta, otreet. Detroit, 5 months; Corp. William Dzioba, Battle Creek, 10 months; SergL R a ymond Branstrom, Chassell, 24 months; P. 2/ c Toney A. Baade, New Haven, 12 months; S l.'c Michael J. O'Connor, 31'5 East Loun avenue, Detroit, 8 months; Pfc. Thomas J . Spencer, 631 Selden avenue, Detroit, 1 month; R. M. 2/c Hillard Ganga, Iron Mountain ; Pvt. George P . Dettloff, M35 Yorkshire street, Detroit, 1 week: Corp. Clinton McNeven, E88exvllle, 19 montb1; Sergt. Daniel McGreevy, 012 Carter avenue, Detroit, 20 months. Row S: B. M. 2/ c William Coleman, Bronson, 2 years; Sergt, Earl E . Krause, Flint, 23 months; T / :S James V. Bis, Kalamazoo, 21 months ; Pfc. John Mierzwa, Jackson, 8 months; T / 5 Fred L. Peters. Gladwin, 10 months; 2nd Lieut. C. A. C., Norman Petrak, 22538 Beech st., Dearborn, 4 month •; American Red Cross worker Trudy Johnson, 15371 Asbury Park, Detroit, 8 months; C. M. 2/c Alen W. Bundy, Battle Creek, 2 years ; T / 5 Ben Brown, 1535 B1aine avenue, Detroit, 9 months ; S; Sergt. Jot11eph Marka;t Flint, H months; F 2 /c Fritz F Schossau , Wyandotte, 3 '6ths: Pfc. Leo Bomber, 3300 Martin atre~t, Detroit, 19 months. Row 4: Pfc. John Sumner, 1071 Hubbard street, De-troit, 2 )'ears; Pvt. John E. Stockmeyer, Saglna.w. 7 months; Pvt. Edward V. Ander1ite, 2180 Lemay avenue, Detroit, 22 ,.tbs; Sergt. Elwood Somers, Lincoln, 10 months: F 2/ c Harry M ~ 4155 Rlopelle street, Detroil 3 months; SergL ;Bl&nz E. Toensfeldt, 3419 Hamlllon avenue, Detroit, 8 months; Pfc. Warren Geiger, Kalamazoo, , months; Pvt. Arwin Bates, Whilehall 1 week; Corp. Garlo F. Andreoli, .079 Townsend avenue, Detroit, 13 months ; Pfc. Seymour Matenky, 13331 Fourteenth street, Detroit, 3 mont.ha.-Pboto from: American Red Crosa. 7 7 �D~~thMessag~ Dashes Hopes Hope that Pvt. Allen Wllcox, Jn• fantryman inissin1 at the An.z:io beachhead since Feb. 8, might have been taken prisoner by the German~ and still 3-~-~ AT SAIDOR. NEW Gu!NEA, during a Juli in fighting, Sgt. Joseph Raffertr, at left, son of Mr. and )!rs. A. F. Rafferty, 1987 Harding avenue, )Iuskegon, takes time out lo do a bit of bull-threshing with Sgt. Wilbur Smith, Big ·Rapids. The main subject of such session~ is the "good ol' U. S . .A." T,hese three nre m, 'rr bcr5 of Gener~! :.\JacArthur'z forces that made the successful inrnsion at Saidor.-\U. S. Si ,nal corps photo.) -_______2:_::--~ / I / \ \ .'\ /'•: I / ... -;/ • I ,/ ( 1, \ I '.// l L . \ \l ... ,,/ . _i } -' , / I' i ~'4' ,· I,·.,· ! i / . -... ·::....' . ', ·, i i, u \.__ :. I ,,,..,,•· \ \ ... -;..~/. ' . I • '?-,,... ,· - - _, --..-· '· ! / ....-· , /_i w,_. .\ ..- ,/ ........ of the date he vanished j 1st after the Anzio landing. Pvt. Wilcox, son of Mrs. Bern•.c• Wilcox, 48 LaBelle-st.. S. W., married here last July whlle en leave from a Texas camp to Mils Patricia Bilsborrow, who reaidea with her parents, Mr. and Mr-.. Charles F. Bilsborrow, 428 Mui-' ford-dr., S. E. She received word on March 16 that her husband wu missing. Pvt. Wilcox was a native ot Grand Rapids. graduate of South High school in 1942 and former manager of a C. Thomas store on. Eastern-av., S. E. He had been overseas since November. Besides his widow and mother, he 1s survived by a sister, Mra. Sylvia Johnson, and his material grandparents, all of whom reside with his mother at the LaBelle street address. \ ._ ' , .. ment by the war department that he has been listed kllled !n action I as ~ '\ l r- /' ' I 1 'l •' I, • ·, . ~ -_ -- L \.' \' I -......... ............... . __ ,......; __ ,I!\\ ,. . ,,,. _. got aro d'fects are i understand the b .~ust be reA.lized that the occuiPd countri h �AFTER FIVE DAYS. RETURN TO Fifth Year of War Finds Invincible German Army Awaiting Certain Defeat By Chronide Staff Writer World War II becomes four years old at 11 :35 a. m. Wednesday. /y It was on September 1, 1939, word was flashed to a tense world the long-feared hostilities in powder-keg Europe had burst into cataclysm. '11. '- The Associated Press carried this bulletin announcing the start of the warWarsaw, Sept. 1.-(5:35 p. m., 11:35 a. m., E. S. T.)(AP)-German warplanes swooped over ,Yarsaw this afternoon in an air attack in advance of three German armies .invading this country. Through horrible months that followed, the Luftwaffe and invincib1e German armies pyramided ..one victory upon another. Even darker days came in 19-10 when the Blitz of London was begun. But the RAF stalled the Luftwaffe and the campaign ended in a victory for Englai;,d. From that date until now the 44 invincible" Germans have known their war must end in defeat. Today, jittery, they await the im·asion of the United Kations aimed at the liberation of all Europe. Briefly summarized, here are events of the four years a'! war: 1939-4(} Adolf Hitler touched off history's greatest war with his invasion of Poland on Sept. 1, 1939. After a winter lull in the west, while Russia fought Finland, the Nazis attacked Denmark, Norway, The Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and France, and swiftly • conquered all by June, 1940. ltaly enle1'ed the fight in time to jump on fallen France and began attacking the British in Africa. As the first year of war ended the battle of Britain was beginning- an air blitz in which London, Co,·entry, anti other cities were ..bomb Yictims, but a campaign that ended in victory for England because the RAF beat off the Luftwaffe. · 1940 • 41 Pompous Mussolini invaded Greece in ~ovember, 1940, and promptly got_ pushed back on his heels by the "army in skirts " Hitler came to the rescue in the s:pring of 1942, attacking Yugoslavia, Greece -and Crete. Germany surprised the world in June with the invasion of Russia, an ill-starred campaign that has gone on for more than hvo years, taken millions of German and Russian soldiers' !ires, and left many thousands of Soviet civilians dead, too-the victims of brutal Nazis who murdered as they retreated under l;(.e d Army pressure. attack on Pearl Harbor on historic 1941 • 42 Japan's Dec. 7, 1941, turned the war from a European struggle to a global coi1flict. There followed a series o[ defeats in the Pacific, but by the summer of 1942 the Tlnited States was winning battles like the naval-air clashes in the Coral Sea and at Midway and had scored a stunning surprise with the raid on Tokyo. American fight,g men and flyers were sent to all parts of the world-to Australia and New Guinea, to the Jap-inrnded Aleutians, to England to prepare for attacks on Europe and Africa, and to· the Solomons, where the United States started pushing the Japs back in August, 1942. 1942-43 While '.Americans and Australians battled Japs in the jungles of New Guinea and the Solomons, the war spotlight swung back to Europe with the invasion of North Africa in November, 1 942 . Allied troops struck acrpss Morocco and Algeria while Britain's Montgomery chased Rommel out of Egypt and Libya. The combined armies cleared the Axis from Tunisia by May, 1943, and invaded Sicilr two months !ale,·. .\leanwhile Germany and Italy were bombed by the RAF and uSAAF in an unprecedented aerial blitz. 1\ew o(fensiYes were ahead in the Pacific as the Allies took Atlu and Kiska and bombed the Japs in the Kuriles and points South. ., Men of 126th Say Japanese .?-'/" , Are Cannibals _ \Q The barbarism of the Jap troops is perhaps the bitterest recollection of returning members of the 126th regiment, composed of west Michigan troops, who fought so well in the New Guinea campaign. 1 Capt. Mitchell Hann, 1242 Walker 1 ave., NW., home on leave, is o~ the opinion, shared by many offl."'I I cers and men of the 32nd division, that the Japs resorted to canni- I ~:~tlng. d~:,1~~ M~\~osfe~:V343iu6:~~ ley ave., SW., wounded New Guinea veteran, has reported seeing wounded and dead AustraHan soldiers with pieces of flesh cut from their bodies. It is the theory of Capt. Haan that the Japs, although they themselves, perhaps, did not actually eat human flesh, did use it to feed !south Sea natives and Korean coolies used in building military installations in New Gunea. He said his troops one~ , ea.me upon a pot of meat in J-r:S'ap Camp whic~ ion inspection closely reseIXJ,blld, 1 ihuJilan flesh. -<- · �Around tlw Town Sp,\ing on the ,Taps iJ1 Ne\.Y Guin0a from. an inland peak, ·while li\"lng among the natives j in r1. 1rnpical \\"ildf'rncss 12 cla:vs is vi,·idly de- ; ~cribcd hv L1. AHred Kirelwnhwuei, 23 years old, of lliuskegon. in ,i letter to his ,,.- ife. the (ormer Hester A11.it1•c\\·s. The ).!11skegon t'fman who left hf're as a I THE GRAND RAPms HERAI.l). serireanl in tlw J!,fadriuarters company of the ! 126th Infantry, ,,·as with Co. E when it made ils famous march o,·cr 1l1e Owen StanA lf'\' mounta1m. He has b€'cn ill with ma• la~ia fi\'f' 1imes. but got hack in action. MUSKEGON HEIGHTS SOLDIER RECOVERS FROM MALARIA Jap Attack Put Damper on Christmas in New Guinea, but Yanks Setfled Score in , rec·ent months and ha~ had sc,·eral narrow escapes from death, M.rs. Kirchcnb<1uer reports. 1 Lieu1enant Kin:hcnbauP-1' is the ~on of Arthur KirchenhauC'r, 1206 Oak Grove a,·enue, 1 a~ of i\11·s . Ca'.Jil~ n Kirc-henbauer, 216 Allen ; '\l'-'_nu'l; · Muskegon Bureau says Vos, "so the next morning ,we t Cl Ghrand Raplds dHerahld jumped on the Japs and heaved an a aus ad spanne t ousands ~f miles of ocean, dodging them out of there." submarmes and other modern 01; Unfortunately, however, the enr~~unia~ld emy soldiers had feasted on the puffed over the Owen Stanley • mountains to boot, just so that the brave band of Yanks cracking at Buna Mission should not miss his annual visit. And he made it, too, in time for Christmas eve, 194.2, Men of the famed 32nd division were jubilant, For many weeks they had eaten no baked goods, no candy, nor had they had ·a pull on a good cheroot. The yule packages appeared destined to end all this, and thus the soldiers fell to with a will, tearing bright colQred inner wrappings off the parcels. 1 The ~old1e-f ,~s that ).luskegon )io;> s (rom He.:1rlquarters compan;-, and Co. C €',tend their greetings to former men or 1 !he outfit and to their familirs and other friends. The letter dated Feb. 15 and receh ·ed March 10, co,·er.~ an cxpC'dition of Jan. 31 to Feb. 10, and is a.s folio\\'~: S ~~:~:.s ~n: left the Bn. C.P. ,vith 10 men from 1 Co. C.. Sgt. Frankffdtch from lviuskegon Heights is the sql.lad leader. Also along are a sergeant and private from the Intelligence section and SgL VanWiegen from Co. F: a nati,·e police hoy, Sapol, and :n natiYe earriers "·ith our packs and rations. \Ve loaded 11 on a harg-e and after a five mile ride landed at our out post. \ From !here on foot we followed a native trail • inland up a mountain range. The natives, .sure and trail wise. pojnted out lreachcrous ,' plaee.s. Tll0y seem to be ahle to smell Japs, 1 1 and for safety we .send them ahf'ad to scout. I Tlle nati\·es each carry about 4.0 pounds al I / rla~. \Ve nen'r stop longer than five minutes to rest hccause this stif(cns 1he legs anrl i 1 cools one too much. Thr natives pushert ~ ahead to a cocoanut g1·on' and had waiting · I for -us cocoanuts whose juice was refrPsh- l I I ing. This afternoon ~~~~~d a1~~ll~~i~-el we 0 s1 opped at an i~~tt 1!~~a';1;ti;;-e~~~~~l ed other articles, such as socks and houseslippers, prized wants in the New G uinea area. The men were making ready to eXchange this or that, or had tossed a Jump of candy to a partner, when who should come u p but an u nlnvited guest, in the form of a Jap attack. The Nips were in force and drove the Americans back. PACKAGES DROPPED Ptivate John Vos 1 281 of Muskegon Heights was th ere and he and every othe~ Yank dropped hia Christmas package. "That made us good and mad," ( a ban- ) h:~~ I~ o7:l ~;~at'1~t~(~. \ ~?~~u~,!ctt n\::i;~ ~~:i)~~g~roi1~~; 11 remarkahle 1he work the missionaries ha,·e c nccomp\ished here. I learned later these I t \\"f'J"f' German Lutherans. f' I The nath·es. whene,·er dogs came ne11r 1 would yel! "Doust." a German word. We 1 didn't Ji.kc thr dogs either for the;-r Rte dear[ J Japanc$e. 1 After a. restless night on hard bamboo hed s. ' ' Ke ate a hot breakfaH from the famous 1~ army ''J" ration, hit the trail and soon our 1 kinks and aches _we1p gone. The tr~il steep- l 1 encrl c1nrl " ·a~ slippery from the ram. Soon our jungle greens were soaked with sweat, ( hence we wc-lcomed mountain stream!- to 1< c-ool our hands and face~ and lappcd handfuls · 1 of watC'r. nath-e fa!:ihion. About 11 :.30 we reached our destination near a nafi,·e ,·illagf'. The occupants would !ell I m:v police bO;>' all they knev.f ahout the .T~ps l and he repealed it 10 me in pidgin English. \Vhile obserYation posts were being- established thl" na1i,·es built us two huts and a cook shack anrl a hut for themseh·es. My carriers all belonged to Angou, controllP-d b;>' Australia. so I sent them back the ne:d day, leanng Sapo! crnd four cook boys with us. T\,'.O of our outpo~ts <fff' in trees. and the other 1s on a hill. a 10 minute clirnb from my command po~L. I P~~1Ii~~m:~~ th!: Q~x::~~:1ci ~~~eg~~t: t;:~e d:~~ and in addition there were assort- ::md made our herls _iust hefo1·c it hegan to rain. After darkness all was quiet except fo1• 1 I he rust ling in the hrus)1 of a native pig, and . 1 !hf-" swishing of banana and cocoanut ]Nn·es. 1~ - I 1 I His battalion, he says, was the only American unit to make the complete trip over the Owen Stanley mountains, a 125 air-mile trip, -Beckqulst Photo rnd ~ith altitude at 9,000 feet at PVT. JOHN VOS he highest point. The Fuzzy Wuz_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zies, or New Guinea natives, alChristmas sweetmeats and had ways helpful to the Allies, were passed the other presents back, so a distinct aid on that trek, Vos while the Americans recovered the d?clares. The going was no picposition, they had no luck in get- me at any time and for three ting their .p ackages again. months Vos recalls his outfit slept This score was only one o! many on th e ground with no covet to the Yanks settled when they and combat rains or insects. The same the Aussies took Euna Mission and pair of socks ~id duty 10 days or Sanananda, after a gruelling cam- ~~;: ao d boo.ts of so_me soldiers paign but Vos recalls it vividly d on th eir feet m the slog today' as he looks back over,seven th rough swamp mud. The Americans had food all the time, Vos says, but once in a while the supply was low. The Japs at Buna Mission had eaten dry rice several days before they were capID-~:!> -D tured, the Heights man says. The Yanks cut ofl' the water supply to the mission just before the place was mopped up. SAYS JAP SAVAGERY TRUE Vos declares stories of Japanese ati-ocities and · savagery are only 50 per cent strong enough. "They just aren't human," he says he is convinced after contact with them on the island. Vos had many close calls, one especially. when a sniper shot and killed his partner. The shot might just as well have been intended for him, Vos believes, since he was less than 10 feet away. He has trophies ot the jungle campaign, a Jap wrist watch, shaving brush and toothbrush-none of which he is very anxious tp handle, even himself-please. ""'1""' don't like to touch their belon!o ings," he opines, c AUSTRALIANS FRIENDLY The Australians are a forthright and friendly people and Vos likes the island continent, but there's nothing like the United States, aft' er all. He likes the Australian girls, even if they don't understand football, and he calls the Aussie soldier a most ferocious warrior. •He hopes soon to be transferred to Percy Jones hospital, Battle Creek. While home, Vos fs visiting friends and relatives. He also is speaking now and then at war bond i and incentive rallies in the factories I here. :========== ----------------~------ I ,ve see Japs mo,·ing along the bE>ach, batll~ ing and washing tlothes, and \\.·e see . the smoke from their cooking fires. The natives' I ' information is depenrtablc. For example, they I told me \\·here two mountain gun~ were, whirh later was corifirmed by a pri sont'r of ,var. The nati\·es abanrloned their beac h yilJages and moved high into !he- rnounta)n::; but freQuentl;-• yj~itect thf'ir garclen.s anrl. ~pied on !he hated Japs \\'ho steal their food, ~-ho~t 1 their pigs .ind .in some case's harm their l women. . Sapol, at m;- reques1. asked the Lu Luai, ot' No . 1 man of !he village. to ~end ~ome nath·e food for hart er. as mone;-' isn't much I good here. 'vVe use main!;-· salt. razor hlades. I tobacco and calico. Salt is almost lil;:e gold. and I one spoonfu l normally wm bu:v about 20 pounds l of natiw· food. Since the Japs moved in,j most of the in1and Yillages ore over~ I crowded and there is a food ~hortage: so l hey 1j 1 , ...·elcomc rice and meat. Our natl\·e food I arriYecl. so for a change we had a stew of yams, pumpkin. squash. onions. bull;-' bee( ~nrl our own canned pea,. l t was really good! I \Vhile the Lu Ltiai i~ lhe No. 1 man of the village. the No. 2 man is Rune -Tune and \ No. 3 is the Doctor Bo;>'. Our No. 1 cook bov has bef'n chewing an over suppl;-r of betel nut, and has llalf a _iag. fle is ga;- and 1alkalive as he washed the cups and tin~ in hot water- and GI soap . His mouth is red from. the juice which ap- l parenllr has an akohol1e effect. months spent in New Guinea. He is home on furlough from a Texas hospital where h has b _ ering from mafaria f=~~r re:i;_ tracted last March. Remembering the boys of the outfit he served with, who are still in the tropical hell of New Guinea, Private Vos dispatched this week what he says is a favorite gift to men overseas, particularly in the South Pacific-a box of cigars. In fact, he sent along four of them. The Heights soldier, graduate of Heights high in 1938, went to camp in October, 1940. He served in Camp Beauregard and Camp Livingston, La., and in Ft. Devons, Mass., before going overseas to Australia. MADE MOUNTAIN TRIP Pope Prays Amid Rome Crowd for End of War 1 1 SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 1943 Hands clasped devoutly, Pope Pius XII prays amid a Rome crowd for the end of the bomblIJ.g of Rome a f\d the end of the w a r-a prayer partially answere4 on Sept. 3 when Italy surrendered. This picture as made as the P op e visited bombed areas of Rome after Allied raids, Aug,.13. .·- ----~~ ~~~~::=::===-----~~-:~i .jJi; -~L~~&~~i-~~ ::(0 -~~~"'o£c:2~;~~~~·~ J:c-~-rli.:t-=-1~ {i .~li;J~~-:~ ~If;_ ~~E ~j~;~~~§~i~:@1 ~e~~~~:2 "•~~~~--~~§E• ~ "J§ t~i ~n••!• - PlioEi~ .~&,"•=~ _:::11-1]~%~!~5~ ;:5~~8 .5&· ~-~t:j~.;~[i~~~OJ ~~ ~---~ c:E•~ E~~"c tc~ C ~ 4J ~ :5 c,;: ~ o ;., g, C: ll.l ~ ~ 1 a. = ~-':' o i::: c ~·=- c ro (/)..., c:: e o r.: :::s _g '- t ..!: c! 'O !:: ~ ~ (t ~~~~~•; ,... :s: ;:: ..C G.I ~ i .E ~ .,, - E--< .k ,;r. ~g5 o .c c ~ E -0 =:.~~:g~-~. ~•~ 5 ~ _S; ~ :- - =-hm l =§'-~ _5 '3·. t-.3 II') 0 en;~g~2--~a&-6~~il§2ae~~~§~imnSf=f~3!~ ~Lt g 0 •-•• • 2~QEEB~igf~2;g Jt :• ~~ Q) �A c anvas water ta n k, built by Army Engineers. is hidden in the jung le. A tank on a trailer is being filled to s up ply wa ter to fr ont lin e troops. l - 17- 't:3 ---- ~ Fuzzy WOzzy Angels J.'any a Mother in Australia, when a days work: is done Sends a prayer to the •lmighty for the keeping of her son Asking that an angel guide him and bring him safely baok Now we see these prayers are answe-ed On the Owen Stanley track for theyhavent any halos Only a hole scratohed in thier ear and their faoes worked by utoos with soratoh pins in their hair. Bring back the badly WOllnded just as steady as a hearse using leaves to keep the rain of And as gentle as a nurse slow and oareful in bad places Onthe awful mountain t~ack, and the look upon their faces \'lould make you think Ohrist was blaok Not a move to hurt the wounded, as they treat them like a saint. Its a picture worth reoording that an artist yet to pain• Many a lad wi 11 see his mother and husband see their wives Just because t he fuzzy wuzzy oarried them to save their lives. From mortars, bombs and machine gun fire a chanoe surprise attach to safty and oare of dootors at the bottom of the taack. May t he mothers of australia when they offer up a pr~er Mention the impromtu angels with the fuzzy wuzzy hair 'l'he Fuzzy \Vuzzy Angels · of Kakoda Track Many a mother in America when the busy day Sei~d~o:~rayer to the Almighty for the keepi!"g A;ti~;r t:~~· an Angel guide him, and to bring N:~;:r:!! ~;i:e -;ayers are answered, on the Owen Stanley track. Though they haven't any haloes, only holes slashed through the ear, . And their faces marked with tattoos and with scratch pins in their hair, . Bringing back the badly wounded, Just as steady as a hearse, Using leaves to keep the rain off, and as gentle Sl~~ aa~:r::reful in the bad places on the awful 0 A~ fu!ai~oira:~n their faces makes us think that Christ was back. Not a move to hurt the carried, as they treat him like a saint, . , It's a picture worth recording, that an artists yet to paint. Many a lad will see his mother, and husbands wee 'uns and wives. . Just because the Fuzzy Wuzzies carried them Fr:;~~ri~:i~~~v~achine gun fire or a chance surprise attack To safety and care of doctors at the bottom of the track. May the mothers in America, when they offer M~~tio~\~:~ impromptu angels with the fuzzy wuzzy hair. I I �17, 1943 Our Boys at Buna Kept on Alert Even While "Resting" stands guard, alert for any enemy surpris~~ilt-~ in a flowing stream. American and A ustralian anti-aircraft gunne1·s, enjoy a bit of n:laxation after taking r~rt in a battle in which 300 Japs were killed. A captured Jap flag is hung as a trophy on the wall. 1-17-'l-.3 EvCn when our soldit:r~ line up for chow, armed guards are posted to keep watch for lurking Japs. Soldiers eat, so to speak, with a spoon m one hand and a gun in the other. �Men in deeply dug emplacement lob a moccar shell over ro the desperately resisting Japanese lines. Two Australians man rhc final conquest of tiny Gona village. Scories of the fighting in this jungle- which looks like a Gauguin painting, sounds like a good-sized earthquake and smells like a charnel house- sound like the battles of che Somme or Passchendaele or Vimy Ridge. All is the same- artillery barrages, sniping, night patrols across no man's land, bayonet charges, enfilading, machine-gun fire. Here, in what these soldiers once thought were the glamorous tropics, are the same old scories of bayonet charges, blinding rushes against Jap pillboxes with walls of timber 7 ft. chick, desperate hurling of grenades. Here are men with stomachs twisted in anxiety crouching around trench parapets, waiting for the zero hour; men on their bellies squirming across the stinking black swamp mud of no man's land, with eene red and white flares painting their muddied faces in weird contortions; men involuntarily flinching at the roaring crash of artillery shells that follows the sheet of lightning and the /licker of guns encircling the black belt of the jungle; men hacking and fighting their way through co establish tiny, desperate! yheld salients. As a general, who himself was using a commy gun co pick off snipers from che treecops , said co mortar, while an American behind them keeps a sharp watch for snipe rs. Soldiers in Bun.l sec tor are a mi xtu re of both na• tions, disposed to fight a bloody, old•style brand of trench warfa re . Th ey ha ve been bearing th e Japanese with these tactics. me: "Damn war's gone old-fashioned on us up here." The Jap is a heartless, stubborn fighter and you've got co be heartless and stubborn co beat him. Physical courage isn't enough. You need mental courage coo co seek out an enemy you can't even see, to go into action along a track down which are moving bloody, bandaged soldiers, co know as you see this long column of men remporarily shattered in everything but spirit that luck goes three ways. If you're lucky you coo will be coming back this way with a grimy dressing slapped over a bloody wound. If you're extra lucky you won't be hit at all. If you're unlucky you won't come back at all. kill or be killed. They know coo chat if the ,laps beat them their only line of retreat is across r 50 miles of the most terrjble mountain jungle country in che world. So they don't intend co be beaten. In this sort of warfare individual example means everything. That's why American generals are exposing themselves night and day, with bullets flying all around them, why full colonels are crouched in muddy front-line trenches alongside buck privates. Morale is upped 100% whenever a scary of a feat of individual gallantry travels from man co man by "grapevine telegraph." When news came chat the Australians on the left flank at Gona had bloodily slaughtered more than 6oo Japs, the Americans cheered and artacked with a ferocity chat swept Jap resistance aside and overwhelmed the strong Jap pillboxes at Buna Creek, which had held up the Americans for days. In fierce hand-co-hand battle the pillboxes were scormed, Jap gun crews slaughtered. One Jap was strangled co death by the bare hands of a big corporal from Chicago. There have been many examples of individt• cl heroism. There's never any flinching That's a grim test for these young doughboys fighting to kill for the first time in their lives, but there's never any flinching as columns of greenclad troops march steadily northward toward the road and the clangor of battle. They know that the Japs are well supplied and dug in so strongly that they must be dug out almost man by man. They know that they muse �"OUT THERE" (continued) The men couldn't help following Captain Harold Hantlernan of Iowa, though they knew the job of tackling Jap machine-gun posts chattering from a belt of trees across a wide grass clearing was the toughest yet. Hantlernan crawled across no man's land with a pocketful of grenades, got underneath rhe timber barricades fronting the Jap guns and tossed over grenade afrer grenade, all rhe time shouting "Come our and fight, you litrle bastards! Come out and fight or we'll come in and make you!" The Japs replied by tossing over grenades themselves, but somehow Hantleman escaped, crawled back to his unit, directed a mortar barrage onto the enemy pillboxes, then led the final assault that took the post at bayonet point. "I told you we'd come in and make you fight," he cried as he emptied a pistol into the last group of Japs still fighting. The story of Sergeant Herman Bottcher, so far Papua's Sergeant York, has already been rold. This 33-year-old, German-born soldier of fortune, a late captain of Spain's International Brigade, established a tiny salient with twelve men right in the Jap positions at Buna, fought off two full-scale counterattacks, killed more than 6o Japs for certain, and probably killed and wounded nearly a hundred more. In the face of terrible fire from the Japs he held his salient for seven days and nights and paved the way for the capture of Buna Village. The quick or the dead on·a jungled tracknearSanananda, where a gallant American patrol held a road block against two ferociousjap counterattacks for many days, it had been quiet for more than an hour. A twig cracked somewhere. A sudden gunflash scabbed the tropic blackness and a bullet whistled and rattled through the thick foliage overhead. The tall green-clad man on guard, his face merely a grey blur against the tree trunk, moved almost with the speed of light. He sprang a few yards to the ocher side of the track, fired a burst from his tommy gun at the place where the Jap rifle had flashed, then with equal speed slipped back to his original position. As he did so a bullet thwacked into the tree from which he'd fired a second before. Private Carl Kelson of New York grinned and whispered, "The quick or the dead." Which is a pretty good slogan for this battle of Buna. Within a few weeks the Americans have gained years of batrle experience. They are now grim, hardened, skillful jungle fighters. They need to be. This battle is nowhere near over. There might be weeks, perhaps months, of bitter bloody fighting ahead. Destroy your opinions of this as a little sideshow. Numbers of men involved and the strategic importance of the objectives are relative things anyhow. The basic fact that counts so far as these youngsters, fighting ro,ooo miles from home, are concerned is that nowhere in the world today are the American soldiers engaged in fighting so desperate, so merciless, so bitter, so bloody. I repeat char word "Nowhere." It's kill or be killed. The quick or the dead. Exhausted Jap soldier captured near Buna is surrounded by his American captors. The hard and bitter fighting around Buna has been due tojaps' fanatical resolve to die before yie-lding an inch of ground. Wounded American is to given attention at a small field dressing Station. Next he will be flown back a basi; hospital behind the Jines. Wound fatalities have been held down in the fighting arountl Duna. �Moving up lo Buna balllefield, the American and Australian troops file through the jungles with heavy packs. These men were flown co advance combat areas from the south, cover the last miles on foot. This particular piece of terrain is much easier to march through than the usual narrow, twisting rrail, ics surface a quagmire filled with hidden roots and branches. "O~l TH[R[" he fighting around Buna, which started out as a local action, has turned into a bloody battle for control of New Guinea. Today's sky is filled with the throb of many aircraft. The air is shuddering with the ceaseless pounding of artillery, the endless rumbling echoes of bombs. A cloud of brown dust and grey smoke hangs almost constantly over the battleground, but the enemy positions, though battered, are still holding out. Lulls in the rattle of machine guns and the cmmp-cmmp-crmnp of mortars cell of watchful breathing spaces, not positional vicrories. Artillery, bombers, fighters and warships have been brought into this fierce battle by the Japs or the Allies or by both, but it's still a war of the infantry soldier pitting his wits or staking his life against another infantry soldier. For the first time in this highly mobile World War II, the tactics of swift movement have given way to the age-old tactics of attrition. I have been watching men fighting in trenches, making .. hop-overs .. across no man's land with fixed bayonets, behind smoke screens laid down by artillery and mortars. This vividly daubed jungle battlefield in the steamy tropic heat, 9° below the equator, is scenically the antithesis of the frozen, tortured mud of Flanders in 1918, bur from a military point of view that's the only suitable comparison. The jungle, scene of ambush, infiltration, new methods of penetration and swift secret movement, has forced the two armies, equipped for mobility, back to the old static trench warfare of 1914-18. "Damn war's gone old-fashioned" in steamy jungles of New Guinea by GEORGE JOHNSTON When Captain Eddie Rickenbacker came home from his Pacific ordeal he brought a message. It was from "out there" in the jungles of Guadalcanal and New Guinea, where he had seen U.S. soldiers fighting Japs: "If only our people back home could know what those boys ore doing for us and for future generations, I think we would take this war much more seriously." ~ In this dispatch from the New Guinea front, LIFE Correspondent George Johoston gives a vivid picture of the fighting "out there." T Trench war in the tropics At the front I've spoken with senior American and Australian officers who have served in both wars, and they themselves are mildly astonished at the sudden change that has come over chis battle for a tropical beachhead. The last war proved chat trench warfare could be fought on! y at che cost of heavy casualties. That still holds true today, a quarter of a century later, on the bloody Papuan beachhead. Allied casualties, mostly wounded, are mounting steadily as piles of Jap corpses roe in the jungles and swamps and on the beaches. On the left flank of our line the Australians, almost overcome by the stench of rotting bodies, have just buried close to 700 Jap corpses killed in the trench vs. pillbox fighting which preceded the �l[NA HOHN[ Young Negro with haunting voice charms New York with old songs GOLDFISH, IN THE PRIVACY OF BOWLS, 00 IT E ach year in New York's alter-dark world ol' supper clubs there appears a girl singer who becomes a sensation o,·ernight. She stands in the middle of a dance floor ina white dress and a soft light,and begins to sing. The room is hushed and her voice is warm and haunting. Iler white teeth gleam, her eyes move back and lorth, and her soltly sung words seem to linger like cigarct smoke. This year tliat girl is Lena.Horne, yow1g Negro who has been appearing at the Savoy-P1aza's Cafe Lounge PEOPLE SAY, IN BOSTON, EVEN BEANS DO IT (see left). Born in Brooklyn, she started her career at 16 by dancing in the chorus of Harlem's Cotton Club Review. Since then she has been heard in night clubs. traveled across the country as Yocalist with orchestras, and appeared briefly in the rcccn t screen version of Panama llattie. Soon she will be featured in the allNegro musical Cabin In The Sky . Singing without a microphone, Lena Horne makes old song favorites sound new and exciting. Delow, with words and ges• turcs, is her treatment of Cole Porter's Let's /Jo It. LET'S DO IT-LET'S FALL IN LOVE 0 1929 8Y HARMS INC., Rtrl!IHTED 8Y SHCIAL PUMLSS\ON 21 �, In the New Guinea Jungle With American Troops and Their Commander . L -AssuC1t1.!.ed Pr'ess Photo A jungle river in New Guinea is spanned with a rough bridge byi:hese "'· S. Army engi-- neers who are opening up new routes for the 'advance of allieC!•forces•.,,,Jlinst the Japs. I -A11sociated Press WJrePnoto The U. S. commander in New Guinea, Lie,ut,-Gen, Robett L. Eichelberger, kneels on a bridge to wash before·!unch. PVT. JOHN W. HALSEY of Stanford University, California, and CORP. JOHN A. ALLMAN, of Horton, Mich., man a ,;,achine gun set up for beach protection at a native village in New Guinea. I - IP - ¥- 3 �~·-Ammunition and Stretcher-Bearers---Photos From the New Guinea Jungle 7) l,,Ui.,d,./ {;._, )I\., }'lt;rt I{ J IJ I r 1 ~ 1° 8-,~.i:--- {/J. y ... Associated P Two U. S. soldiers carry boxes of ammunftion to the front in the Buna area of New Guinea. At the left are loaded machin,e-gun belts. Trained to Defend New Guinea These native constables of New Guinea have completed six months' training by the Australian New Guinea administration unit to fit them for the life of a soldie r, so t hat they wiU be able to help guard their island against possibl~ invasion by the Japanese. ree-s Photo• Natives carry an injured fighter on their shoulders. Tltey are passing an allied machinegun nest in the New Guinea jungle. �New Guinea Adventure (continued) Airmen on boat make friend s with buxom n.tlivcs who came clown lo admire pbne :md the stra nge wh ile men. Tommy gun awes natives who were impressed by its chattering noise. Beca use of excess weight, crew removed all machine guns from plane. llribcs Crew climbed for coconuts wbosc milk ,wis more palflt. able tlrnn biller waler. "Fra nk Buck" is in background. At native village built on stills in wntcr, crew members were given Cood. They were also sold souvenir grass sk irts by the canny natives. Anative catamaran wns used for occasiona l fishing excursio ns nnd trips lo native villa!;C- It was perfect for lnzy sunbat hing. Fishing party returns and moors its boats near "Frank Buck's" win.£!. Fish laskd good nftcr <.'nnnrd bully bed. Native children loved lo pose together for pictures near plane. They w<'re in terested in its SJ)C'('(I and where " Bo~s .:\fon" who made it lived. or bomhrr rrrw nt a cost of 8200 nnd Some girls were shy and ran quickly past plane and it s crew. or tobncco :rnd c:rndy sortc ncd up most of' the shy ones. Steel runway mat was laid by -mo natives under supervision 160 Jb. or twi~t tobacco. CONTINUED ON PAGE JG �AMERICAN ANO AUSTRALIAN PLANES DROPPED FOOD AND SUPPLIES TO CREW OF THE .. FRANK BUCK. " LANDING MAT WAS FERRIED IN 8Y BOAT AND WAS UNLOADED BY NATIVES ADVENT~~[ IN N[W ~~IN[A U.S. pilots save Flying Fortress arly on the morning of Sept. 16, the B-17 "Frank Duck" was heading home for her Australian base after a successfu l night raid on Rabaul. Somewhere •\-er the southern ~cw Guinea coastline. trouble de\·elopcd. In the ll,in, early light, her pilot, Lieut. R. B. Holsey of .\llus, Okla., spotted a desolate beach below and. by a miracle or skill and luck, put her down safoly. Then his worries really began. A Flying li'ortrcss is a precious commod ity on any fightin g front and this one had to be sa\·ed. The main problem was lo lay a steel mat over the soft, short beach so the heavy bomber could take oft'. Incidental problems were brackish waler, scarcity or rood, mala- E Crew members of "Frank Buck" pose in grnss skirts they bought from natives for five 'ihillings ap iece. ThC' plane originally carried a crew or nine. Others were sent back to hombcrhn.'iC' due to food ,;c:1rcity. ria, pythons,sharks, giant rays, mosquitoes, Jap pla11cs and .Jap com mandos in the surroundin g jungles. To help Lieut. Holsey and his crew, an .\ustralian officer landed near the downed Fortress in n. sma ll plane. With him came LIFE Photographer George Strock who, between picture-laking, helped lay the mat, forage ror food and amu~e the friendl y nati ves. :Finall y, on Oct. 2, with tlic plane repaired, 700 ft. or mat laid (some of it in water) and with eve ryone's fingers crossed, the "Frank Huck" thundered clown the makeshift runway and, after an agonizing moment when its left wing dipped into the sea, rose slowly above the jungle trees and flew proudly ha.ck to its base. Natives bring food to b:irter for tobacco and candy from Army's Ration C. Thc'iC baskets held banana", m:rngocs, tomatoC'S, pumpkins, sour oranges, yams :wd 6sb. CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE 27 �~ BOOTY AT BUNA (continued) AN EXHAUSTED AMERICAN SOLDIER falls s~und asleep on the Leach, rtl the foot <'fa tree wl1 ose lop has been shot off by mortar fire. I t is ju.:.t after the tall of Buna 'Mission and the so ldier is not aw~,ke ned by Photographer Strock tak- ing the picture. Said Strock: "This boy was typical of alL. After the battle they jm;t fe ll asleep wherever they ftuppr cl ." �Si\lALL ]AP CARRIAGE is used, after Americans have cap~ hired it, lo Jiaul mtions lo gun positions. The closest American approxinmtion is the wheelbarrow. Jap soldiers gel 82.86 a month. field. IL is 53 in. tall, 9.4 in. in diameter, was probably carried by a. light bomber. The largest-known Jap bomb weighs 2/lOO Jb. Sl\1 \SHED JAI' ZERO PLANE was captured on the old landing strip when the Americans seized it. It had been riddled with bullets and been rather badly camouflaged. l\Iany captured Zeros were recent July 1942 models. Some of the Zeros in good condition may eventually be sent lo the U.S. taler is on muzzle. J.\I' IIISINC SUN FLAC is used as wrapper by Lil\\ rcnce J,alloda of Detroit while he cuts hair of Second Lieut. William Sikkcl Jr. of Holland, l\1icl1. CAPTURED JAP TRUCK looks like a Chevrolet. Possibly ,twas made in U.S. or in Japan under license from General l\lotors. Po~sibly loo it had been captured from British. Because of dependence on air transport, U.S. used no heavy trucks at Buna. Schwartz. Di~hes are still stacked together on ground. At JJuna Japs always had good medical equipment with plenty of <1uinine. JAP "KNEE ~IOH.TAU" is repuled lo be tire,1 from kaee, but American who tric<l lhe trick hroke his leg. It fires a 50-mm. grenade. \Veight · 10¼ lb. co• PACE �------ . ----.---==-==;:=-==---:::·-:-. . . ---"'- -- ��nd * • 1n Action on Leyt ---~'"'1:-1 ision Drives p Line Wedge _:acArthur Pens Enemy Forces Ormoc Area with Road Block • I ENERAL MAC ARTHUR'S HEADQUARTERS, Philippines rday) UP>--Units of the American 24th division have estabdd a strong road block on the Ormoc road, four miles south I Carigara bay on Leyte island, completing their double envelop- 1 t maneuver around remnants of a Japanese regiment, head,arters reported today. A communique mentioned the U. S. 32nd division for the first e in the Philippine compaign, reporting that elements of the ce now are deployed in the sector north of the front Japanese f an,l have driven a deep ge intQ isolated enemy Inceasant artillery fire continued c1u&t,0ints. hls action fa swirling • outh of mon, key village on the mountain ~~a~9le~~!::c ~ 0 !~ °~d::.noamo- po By INTERNATIONAL NEWS Supply column• dispatched from Ormoc by Gen. Tomoyuki Yamashita. to aid his 1trioken forces on northwestern Leyte attempted to br•k through to Limon and were to pound the Japanese in all • ectors while Filth army air force fighters struck once again at Ori:ioc and hit enemy shore fnstallations to the south. Small craft in Ormoc bay, presumably laden ;~t:fe~P troopa, were bombed and In the Du.lag area. on eastern Leyte approximately 30 Jap planes -------------1 G. R.'s Own Regiment Probably at Leyte =~~!elyco=~~~e revealed for the lint time that the 32nd dlvl1lon bad been fiunr Into the battle of Leyte, making • total of four dlvi• lona now Oftlclal announcement by Gen. MacArthur that element• of the 32nd division are fightIng In the Phlllpplne1 conftrmecl beliefs of many Grand Rapida famllle11 who•e relatives are Red Arrows. It Is conslderecl likely here tbat: •ome members of Grand Raplds' own regiment, the 128th, are enpged ln the bat. tie of Leyte. Recent letten from 128th vet.erana told ol new lnnoculatk>l!• &D4 hinted known to be on tbe liland on which Yamashita"• forces are ~ a desperate atand to a (oothold. UICIDE" CHARGES FAIL outheast of the Limon battle e, dismounted cavalrymen of the ,tat division and element.I of the h mopped up pockets of J ap ststance in the newly captured Sma~l J p t. Mtm,ro-Dadlan partiea made suicidal "b ' charge• in some areaa and were completely wiped out. On the co, 11t road south of Or- ar.,._ Arelnvadedl Encircle Foe on Leyte; Yanks Mop Up Mapia Allied Headquarters, Philippines -<U.PJ-American landing partiesi completing occupation of the Mapia islands off northwest New Guinea, have jumped 215 miles to the west and invaded the Asia group to knock off another Japanese warning post on the born.bing route to the Philappines, it was announced Monday. The four-day conquest of the Mapias and new landings in the Asias were disclosed as other American forces on Leyte in the central Phi1ippines tightened their encirclement of the remnants of a Japanese force of 3,000 in the Limon pocket. Jap Casualties 53,000, American troops on Leyte already Filipinos Clear Way for Sniper Hunt • gulf. Only slight resistance was en• countered by the small American }anding parties which pushed ashOre Sunday in the Asia islands, 130 miles north o! northwest New Guinea and 800 miles southeast of New Guinea. Leyte. I i On Leyte the Japanese moved up additional tanks and artillery for new attempts to break through the American road block south ot Limon to relieve their trapped forces. One counter attack Friday was repulsed after a bloody threehour battle. The 32nd division struck deeper Into the center of the pocket in a frontal advance down the Limon• Ormoc highway. Torrential rains continued to slow the American offensive. (Radio Tokio claimed the 32nd division had been pinned against the north coast of Leyte and "com~ pletely Isolated:'") Yanks Take Ship Toll. American motor torpedo boats blocking Ormoc sank two enemy torpedo boats. !our barges and a coastal vessc: attempting to run in reinforcements and supplies. Fighter planes sank five more barges and a coastal freighter. MacArthur listed Japanese ground casualties In the I first month of the Leyte campaign as 45.000. Including 10.000 killed or wounded in the past week alone. A spokesman said 8.000 additional troops had been wiped out in an abortive attempt to land reinforce-· ments at Ormoc Nov. 10. American casualties, MacArthur said, v.--ere 1,133 men killed, 126 mlssin& and 4,432 wounded for a grand total of 5,691-approxl• mately one-tenth of tboae of the ellflJl7 _ \lov., _., t' their campaign there at a cost of :!i~~ d~!~.~:•:m:~~•d ~o~:r ~~ 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - were alight. Asia Isles Douglas MacArthur reported. A Japanese communique said Jap planes sank three American transports Saturday and damaged and set afire four othern Friday and 1 Saturday in actions in the Leyte heroic et.ands at: Buna and I \\-?.o -'-/ 5,691 casualties of their own, Gen, atonr the northern 1hore of counter attack at Tabgas, only 11 attacked American ground inatallamilea below the •nemy-held town. tions at duak. They were intercepted by our air patrols and in the ensuing 1ky battle 15 of the enemy planes were shot down and five more were bagged by antiaircraft batteries. American lo111es .U.S. Malies New Pacific Landings j:__ had killed or wounded 53.000 Jap• anese troops in the first month of of lmDilnffs- ~ for new battlellelcla following- the I *** -Ii \'\:;.'.t.""" �-~---- ----- They Got Their Man, a Jap, Alive Soldier~ from Muskegon and Bailey are among this commando group comprised of an officer and 1~ enlisted men of the 32nd division, somewhere in New Guinea. They were given the order to "bring back a 1ive Ja~." Under cover of darknes·s they ]anded in Jap-held territory, ambushed an enemy patr~l of 15 Nips and got their man, returning him to headquarters. This picture was ~ade upon their- return and after they had removed their greaspaint. Standing, second from left, 1s _Pvt .Earl Vannetten, of Muskegon, and kneeling, fifth from left, is Sgt. Lauren Brown, of Bailey.-<U. S. Army Signal Corps photo.) -- \- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Two former Co. G men from Muskegon, S/ Sgt. Lauren A. Brown and Pfc. Earl Vannetten, rec.e.n.Uy invaded a Jap stronghold jn N'ew Guinea as a member of a task group assigned to "bring back a live Jap." How they were successful dur1ing the thrilling adventure, is reported to The Chronicle from general headquarters of the SouthConduct of the 32nd division in west Pacific area, as related there t h e vicinity of the Driniumor rivby Second Lt. A1bert P. Pollicl<, / er, British New Guinea, has Pottstown, Pa., in command. The 1brought congratulations from Gen. group resorted to amphibious travel,. camouflage dress and comman- [ MacArthur and Gen. Krueger. To do · tactics to achieve their mission. 1 these have been added a message of commendation from Maj. Gen. Jled Arrow divfaion headquarters ·w. H . Gill, commanding officer needed definite information only a Of the divisio n, prisbner could provide. Previous "By your skill and courage you attempts of inland patrols had been h a".e broken all organized enemy futile, as the cornered Japs would r esistance in this area and have commit hari-kari by releasing a decisively defeated the 18th Imhand grenade against their abdoperial Japanese army,'' Gill's mesme11s trilther than HJose face" by sage 1·eads in pad. "No greater capture. reward could come to a field comThe group, selected from numermander than to command you ous volunteers, boarded a boat a g;iin in an operation against anearly Thursday evening, Mar 25, other Japanese army, which is now and reached the destination picked my sincere wish." with the aid of maps and aerial , He concluded by expressing his photostats about 10 p. m. They p ride in each member of the divi~ climbed into rubber boats about 800 sion which has fought so well Yards offshore, with Sergeant sin ce the outset of ground combat Smith in charge of th<! No. 1 boat in t.he Pacific area_ in which Private Vannetten wlra also. Half of the men were in the other craft. They paddled as noiselessly a~ ~ _ ~ _ _ pos?ible .to shore where they,. had Brown, "imagine a gang ot. cut- s~eding down the beach toward noticed lights, but ha~ bareJy land- throats like that not being 8.bJe to tbe landing place, but too late. ~d when th~y were discovered. All sleep for worryin' about us." How"It happened so neat and fast lights vamshed and an uproar ever, after reporting to a mem- we didn't have time to get scared surged from the. Japs. Two barges ber of General W. I-I. Gi11's staff, We all felt pretty good on the waY were seen puttm,g out to cut off at headquarters, the officer and back, for although every one of escape, hence the commandos had his group was allowed another try. the fellows has at least one dead to embark f~st. Two nights later they went back Jap to his credit, this was the first It was a d1scou~aged bunch w~o and landed less than 200 yards time any ot us . ever took one ~ound most of their company wait- from their first landing point, alive," Lieutenant Pollick 5 ~ id. mg for them at the beach. rather than to try an unfamiliar Celebrate Feat "Yah," ex c 1 aimed Sergeant spot. As they ca·me ashore they Back on the boat they all ccledetected a chatt€ring .Jap patY;ol brated with hot coffee, singing and Red Ar~9,~~fgain Are Commended \~tJ; ~~~in;hoT~id~'~p~~:1 ':~~t:~.e only ;i:~ifo~c:i~tre~:~~~ ;1~~:e:s crouched in the darkness behi1id a wrecked Jap barge. Surprise Enemy When only 10 yards away, Lieutenant Pollick gave the signal, "Rush,'' and they an dived at the patrol's center, waving clubs and knives,. but making as little noise as possible. There were about 15 of · the enemy, all carrying rifles, but they were so surprised they "froze" in their tracks momentar• ily. Sergeant Brown and Pfc. Edward H. Henson, E. Prairie, Mo., downed one of them with flying tackles and S/Sgt. Wesley L. Smith, Los Angeles, Calif., and Private Vannetten lowered another. The other Japs by this time realized what was happening, dropped their rifles and fled. The two captives resisted being put in the boats so strenuously that one had to be killed. The Ql:her one quieted down then, and they sh oved out to sea ll1Q; only one wounded was Sergeant Brown, whose fist was cut badly . . He claimed he did not know how it happened, but his comrades suspected that Japanese teeth had got in the way. The son of Mrs. Hattie Brown of Bailey, Sergeant Brown, was announced recently here as having been awarded a Purple Heart, and cited for a Silver Star. Private Vannetten, son of Mrs. Anna Masterson, 1722 Mona avenue, Muskegon Heights, was with the group which marched over the Owen Stanley ·mountains, got ma-1 laria and recovered in Australia before going back into action. ~ ~\ ;-- From Ba tt legro unds to Tennis Courts 'o6~* Tennis is going to be one of Sergeant Jack DeZeeuw's chief cupations fo~ the next 21 days as he relaxes after 27 months of over~ seas ~uty with the 126th regiment. His sister, Mrs. Edward Broek~t.ra,. intends ~o see that nothing interferes with his happiness until its time for him to report for duty again, i ~· One of His 10 Sisters Surprises Vet of 126th The long montha of waiting for front lines, Before entering the her brother, Sergeant Technician service he waa employed by the Jack De Zeeuw of the 126th in- Consum~rs Power company here. fantry, to come home from the ~e will spend his furloug~ with ·i. M1 s. Broekstra-between trips to far-off south Pacific had a sur- the lake shore-and in August w\ll 'O prise ending !or Mrs. Edward report at Fort Sam Houston, Tex: n Broekstra, 843 Watkins st., SE. . In fact, it was a surprise for Jack, too. Knowing that the last lap of his 12.000-mile trip might be a dusty one, he carefully did not let his famlly know wheu to expect him, hoping for a chailce to clean up a bit before he burst in on them. But a lucky hunch sent his sister to the Union depot late Wednesday night to meet the train . . • so he had a royal welcome after all, even though he wasn't as spick-and-span as he had wanted to be for the occasion. In the group meeti:r'rg him were several more of his 10 sisters, an of whom plan to devote the next 21 days to making Jack's longawaited furlough a happy one. Cooking his favorite meals and keeping his clothes in the pink of condition will be a pleasure to them. As far as his own plans are conrcerned, -au he wan1s · ·1s a chance to "work out on the tennis court and make as many trips to the Lake Michigan beach as possible." Sgt. De Zeeuw, who celebrated his 25th birthday last Saturday, served as a radio operator with the headquarters company of the 126t1J,, and saw action in the Euna, ; Saidor and , Aitape campaigns, sometimes only 100 yards from the .,.,,, �Gwilll··"r't Wear \\-?.\ Division Makes Steady Progress Against Foe in Limon Sector Hack ~Jap \ • Line on Isle l GENERAL ¥A~ ART~·s HEADQUARTERS, Philippines Tuesda?) ~>-Grim American infantrymen of the 32nd division re mak,~&: steady p~ogress" in reducing strongly fortified Japf nese positions near Lunon, at the northern end of Leyte Island's , rmoc corr1d?r, headquarters reported today. ~ 1 The American road block across Ormoc highway south of 111_on stiU ?olds, despite heavy Japanese attack. The · 1)'1rst d1vmon, aided by artillery and armor, is attem :i., break through the trap enfolding them around Limon. , ,. The Yanks repulsed a~....,, enemy counter-attack west Ormoc road, where a three-ho \\ -1~-'t 'T - - Leyte Yanks Knock Out Enemy fostallations (By Asi.oc1ated Press.) American infantrymen Wednes• day knocked ~ut Japanese de• fenses on northern Leyte island piece by piece as official commu• niques 8.dded t.o the mounting enemy losses of men, ships and planes in the western Pacific. Fresh units of the 32nd division relieved pressure on the battleweary 24th infantry after it. had smashed back a strong enemy attack on a road block across Ormoc highway. Limon Siege Continues. The 32nd division is subjecting Limon, Japanese stronghold, _to steady pressure and Nipponese m• stallations are being put out of commission steadily. Gen. MacArthur's communique said "the enemy has committed his 1st division in a desperate ef• fort" to hold its bastion at Limon. The Japs are believed prepared to sacrifice the whole division. The Americans have occupied all strategic positions in the north except Limon itself. There has been some infiltra• tion of the American lines, but in most instances these small en• emy parties have been ht\nted down and destroyed. These fil· terinll_ tactics, .together \vith ty• phoo.;7wreck~d roads, have added to the American supply problem. Using Leyte Airbases. American· heB.vy bombers are now operating from Leyte bases, MacArthur disclosed in announc• ing a Japanese light cruiser was blown up at the Brunei naval base ' and another sizable warship badly damaged in the third strike by American Liberators within four days at the )Jig Borneo harbor. The second ship, returning air• men said, was possibly a light cruiser. In previous strikes reported by MacArthur another cruiser, a battleship and a destroyer were hit. Other planes sweeping over Mindanao and the Visayan islands of the Philippines probably sank a 3,000-ton merchant ship, wiped out five Nipponese planes and cratered runways of airfields. Revised figures announced by Adm. Chester W. Nimitz raised to 126 the number of Japanese air. craft destroyed by 3rd fleet carrier planes in a slashing assault on Manila Saturday. Previously it had been announced that 118 had been aestroyed, 100 of them on the ground. Three merchant vessels lying in the harbor were set afire. Nimitz also disclosed that nearly 9,000 more Japanese \\"ere killed or captured by United States ma• rines and soldiers mopping up in the Marianas and western Caro• line islands. A tota\ of 63,388 dead . enemy troops have been counted and 3,267 taken prisoner on Sai• 1 pan, Guam and ':!-'inian of the Marianas and Pelehu and Angaur of the Palau group. I YANKS TAKE LIMON ON LEYTE-United States troops have taken Limon and driven to the Leyte River, and Japs are being mopped up near Pinamopoan and Capoocan. American aircraft (plane symbol) bombed Jap supply dumps and barracks at Ipil, while light naval units sank enemy craft off the Camotes Islands (A). Limon Victory Eases Yank Task on Leyte MacARTHUR'S HEAD QUA R· TERS Philippines, Nov, 24.-{JP)Mud-siogging American infantrymen lunged southward from Limon today after capturing that bastion of the Japanese Yamashita Line in the climax to the longest and bitterest fighting of the entire Leyte Island campaign. The Japanese 1st Division has been virtually destroyed, Gen. MacArthur said in aJtnouncing that the Yankee 32nd had smashed into and through Limon Thursday after a typhoon•slowed battle that had re• mained fairly static for two weeks. Easier country lies ahead, but it was emphasized that this does not mean the heavy fighting is over. The terrain is such that the Japa• nese will be able to make defensive stands and force the battle•worn American doughboys to dig them out of machine•gun nests and pill• boxes. Gen. MacArthur In his com• munique said the victory at Limon may res.ult in the ~olling. up of ::ic;n:tree e:ea:yas~~~~ntmi~ ~i~ fight to hold Leyte. FIGHT STARTED oar. 25 The communique said the Ameri .. cans had advanced 1,000 yard., south of Limon and had reached the nearby Leyte River. It fell to units under Col. Joh11 A. Hettinger, of Colorado Springs. Colo., to break down the last re• sistance in the battle for the mount.ainous defile leading into the Ormoc corridor. The fight started after the Japanese had landed heavy reinforcements at Ormoc Oct. 25. The op• posing forces-great in number for this type of warfare-launched almost simultaneous attacks. The weight of American arms threw the enemy off balance and forced him to take the defensive. In his communique announcing the victory MacArthur credited Yankee artillery and superior infantry fire power with inflicting ' 1terrific losses." It was the second time MacArthur had announced the virtual 1 destruction of a Japanese division. Earlier he had reported the destruction of t:tie ,Japanese 16th, which had played a leading part at Bataan. PLANES AND SllIPS HELP American warplanes ranged the air and dealt other damaging blows. Heavy bombers blasted supply dumps at Ipil, south of Orrnoc, and destroyed large warehouses. Fighter planes wrecked a Japa• nese motor pool and strafed com-. munication lines below Valencia, about 12 airline miles south ot Limon. Light naval units maintained vigilance against any enemy effort to land reinforcements or supplies, sinking a small freighter, two luggers and three troop•laden barges off the Camotes Islands. Enemy air action was inSignificant, MacArthur said, and American patrols shot down one plane. On another sector, Elmont Waite, Associated Pre s s correspondent, said that units commanded by Lieut.-Col. Isaac Gill, Jr., of Rhode Island, had advanced south from Pinamopoan, on the west side of the Ormoc road, almost reaching that highway. ?>renchinC rains, - which I I • I 1 Are on Leyte 1, -\i ·'-\"'t - - - Jungle Veterans Facing Bittere,st Battles Gen. MacArthur's Headquarters, Philippines-UP}-The famous 32nd (Red Arrow) division, veteran of sopie of the toughest fighting in , the southwest Pacific jungles, still may have its bitterest battles ahead, it was indicated Saturday in Gen. Douglas MacArthur's an• nouncement that it had been thrown into action on Leyte island. Made up largely of Michigan and Wisconsin men who have been· overseas nearly three years, the LOCAL MEN MAY BE THERE. Although many Grand Rapids and western Michigan soldiers who left with the 126th infan• try have returned froni the south Pacific area after action, others are believed to be with the 32nd division in its new action. The western Michigan regiment's makeup had under· gone many changes in personnel even before going to duty in Australia, but it is likely there still are many of the original personnel with the outfit in its present action. Red Arrow division 8.lready has made some advances in the Ormoc road sector, MacArthur said. It is the fifth division to enter the struggle for Leyte. Much of its personnel has changed, but it remains one of the best known trouble shooters in the Pacific. On the way to the Philippines Ja anese I ta some rans art carryip~ ed Arrow troops there were no loss.es. The division earned its first bat• tle flags in this war in the fantastic Papuan campaign when it marched over the Ow<en Stanley mountains to wipe out a large Japanese force at Buna, New Guinea. The fighting there was regarded as among the heaviest of the war up to that time. At Saidor the division found the Japs a little easier, but at Aitape the Red Arrows met the Japs head-on as the enemy attempted to break out of the now-famous Wewak trap. Formerly under the command of Maj. Gen. Edwin F. Harding, the 32nd sow is led by Maj. Gen. Wil• lia,m .}f. Gill of. Denver, Colo. bloody battle was reported in y terday's communique. Leyte•based American ftghtera at tacked enemy communication Un and installations throughout the Ormoc corridor. Thirty.five enemy fighters and divebombers ineff'ectlvely raided American positions. Seven wer& ~hot down by tlghtera and anti• aircraft fire. TYPHOON STRIKES AGAIN Another tropical typhoon with continuous rains, lashed the' battle area. Brld&"es have been washed out, streams flooded and road1 :ii:. ~te:=i; !:°e':is::~~s by ground and sea is "fraught with great difficulty and ha2ar4 and battle condition• are becoming static." The Japanese were reported 111 frontline dispatch yest&~ to Ilnflltrat.lng American posit.teas northern Leyte, around Lhnon near Carigara bay, more than. ~ miles northward. Small enemy force• attaeke4 near Plnamopoan, more than two miles north and In the rear of Limon, where a condderable Nipponese force Is trapped, and also east of Plnamopoan. Both attacks were repulsed. .JAP CASUALTIES Gen. Douglas MacArthur'• Monday communique reported enemy casualties in the ground llghtlng on Leyte b the llrat month al!. battle had passed 45,000. American casualties :were placed at 1,133 killed, 126 missing and 4:,432 wounded. a total of 5,691. The high ratio of enemy casualties was ascribed to the deployment of Yank artillery and t,be by passing and envelopment tactics used so successfully by the liberation forces. . Landing of Allied force• In the Asia island group, 130 milea off the northwe• t tip of New GUinea. and completion of the occupation of the Mapla islands in the same are were announced by MacArthur, Occupation of the small Asia Islands apparently was for the same purpose as that of the Mapla groupto remove enemy observation out-- I I ! posts. �lffurl Japs Back • Leyte Battle ,n Limon Assault, Costly to Enemy; 32nd Division ClosinCJ on Town \\-l.l.·'t''I' By HOWARD HANDLEMAN Int.ernatlonal News Service Staff Correspondent GENERAL MAC ARTHUR'S HEADQUARTERS, Philippines (Wednesday)-Veteran American infantrymen have hurled back three desperate enemy counter-attacks against the block astride tire Onr.oc road near Limon with severe losses to tne J aps, Gen. MacArthur disclosed today, and are now but a few hundred yards from the town. The three attacks occurred in the period thro~gh Nov. 20. Meanwhile, bloody fighting continued to rage through the block ha• been amB.Qled, despite \ Ormoc valley head with the Yanks n.ttacking ''piecemeal" in now but a short distance from the the tact that the en-.my bu concentrated art!llery fire Oil It. an area where opposing lines a:e 0 so close and confused that _art1It~~~~:~l;~r our troops 18 all Over 200 Jap dead were counted following the last of the three assaults which was beaten off by the wester~ arm of the pincers slowly squeezing in on elements . of the trtirit;! ~n::: YF~:t a:!~is~~n: io 0 . a h . vis n are stepping up ~ eir pressure against besieged Limon, and are ~e;r ;~;;:~c:ng. :nt~i;gde~~~~i;!iffJa~:~ Heavy pillbox fortifications and rough terrain are aiding the Japs, ;nd :~vT momentarily blunted the ;?he r evne;my counter thrusts, launched in a tropical typhoon was not unexpected. ' American commanders in the fteld h~d eipected just such an assault since the Japs once previousJy counter-attac~ed guerrilla fo1..:es on the island during a. raging typhoon long before the' American liberation army landed a month ago on Leyte. USE CRACK DIVISION The Japs threw their Imperial First division headlong into battle in an effort to retain their hold on the critical Limon area at the northern end of Ormoc valley. A reinforced Jap regiment ts A1l the late,t Jap offense agalnat the road block was hurled back with additional enemy casualties to the previously announced 4!'i,OOO on ' Leyte, the doughboys of the 32nd exerted further pressure on the en~ emy bastion at Limon. .,Units of the 32nd division are r maintaining unrelentless pressure" on the enemy troops trapped at Limon, the communique said, SEEK .JAl'S OUT i~e Meanwhlle, to the west Yank • of th• 24th division combed the area west and aouth ot Capoocan on cariga.ra. bay of Jap forces which infiltrated behind American line • but un • uccesstully tried to sneak into th • American command post, artll· lery po• ltton• and supply dumps. 1 p:~\°:; -:~:r~!!t~ 96: ~~:i:::::a.:: !~:f!1~~ f!e~il;o:~1:e~ d~~!:::., ward through dense mountain trails ha! compelled the doughboys to• toward ~rmoc, an isolated Jap time consuming, piecemeal destruc- strong po nt was crushed. tlon of enemy pill boxes, MacArSouth of ormoo on Leyte'I' west' thur's Wednesday morning ccu::a,- coast, the Seventh division veterans munique reported. of Attu and Kwajalein easily re1 pulsed & small counter-attack. LOSSES SMALL I \ By this cautious approach on tlfo enemy entrenchments, Yank lossls are being held to a minimum. . "The enemy has committed h1~ First division in a desperate effdllt to retain this critical position," t: ~ communique said. "Relieving forces have again been bloodily repulsed and swept back tn a desperate effort to break our road block in its rear.'" The Japs have hurled several attack!l at the strongly forti!i~d road block which has p1·evented the ' enemy from sending reinforcements and supplies to the trapped regiment at Limon. \ Every Jap attack on the road A tragic preview of his own fate Is contained In the photo above, the last one taken by the late Frank Prist, Jr., ace war photographer ot Acme Newspictures-NEA Service, who, 30 minutes later, was instantly killed at the wheel of his jeep by a J ap sniper on Leyte Island. The photo shows the body of an American lnfant»1fflan lying beside his jeep after being killed by Jap mortar fire, ju;t:,:::r~:i:~:io~i~c~~~r:~~~~ the Seventh bas reached a point approximately ten mile • south of Ormoc • Progress on al~ fronts has been • lowed to a snail• pace because of the typhoon which lashed the lBland, with continuous rain turning all roads into "waterways.'' Streams are running bank-full and in many instances have overflown, turning the surrounding area into quagmires of mud.. Liberator bombers, ataglne through Leyte airfield•, hit hard at Jap supply and shipping install&· ttons at Palompon on the Island's west coast, northwest of Ormoc. �.... on Smasht *, * * 112,728JapsDie In Ley~e Victory a. I I -lliz-'!:':f: Red Arrow Presses On -tt. Battle Ended as Yanks.~torm, Capture Palompon Christmas Day, MacArthur Reveals \\ •;,5 32nd Division Pushes Japs Back Halt Mile to Leyte River (By Assoclated Press) A Christmas morning surprise for Japan 'fn-the form of an amphibious invasion of Palompon harbor brought the bloody 67-day Leyte-Samar campaign to an end except for moppitig-up operations, and Gen. Douglas MacArthur Tuesday hailed "perhaps the greatest defeat in the military annals of the Japanese army." The United States 77th division, moving up from Ormoc into Pa- !•· Iompon, the enemy's last remaining port on Leyte, stormed ashore under covering fire from patroltorpedo boats and artiilery. The Japanese, caught between th~se ,troops and others moving overland, could offer only token resistance, 77th's Christmas Gift. By nightfall of Christmas day Maj. Gen. A. D. Bruce, commander of the 77th, messaged headquarters: 41 The 77th infantry division's Christmas contribution to the Leyte campaign is the capture of Palompon." The magnitude of this first phase of the Philippines liberation was reflected in MacArthur's announcement that 112,728 Japanese had been killed and 493 captured 0n Leyte and nearby Samar island. The Americans lost 2,623 killed, 8,422 wounded and 172 missinga total of 11,217. "The enemy's ground forces participating in the campaign ha\'e been virtually annihilated," MacArthur declared. Some of Nippon's best troops were committed to the defense of Leyte, which Tokio considered ''the decisive bat- 1 tle for our homeland." 2,748 Jap Planes Destroyed. Further, the triumphant communique said, 2,748 enemy planei ~:~~= THE GRAND RAPIDS PRESS i7n:~~~~~ ~~!trl~;~e and a total of 27 warships and 4'l transports sunk as 10 convoys seeking to reinforce the besieged Leyte garrison were smashed. The totals did not include enemy losses in the naval battle of Leyte gulf Oct 25. In'vasion of the east coast of Leyte involved the ~ost power.f;-11 carrier force used m any Pac111c operation. The fate of the campaign hung in precarious balance early Oct. 25 when Vice Adm. Thomas C. Kinkaid's 7th fleet met and defeated a Japanese battle force in the largest fleet action of the war in any theater. Then the Americans fought inland and around to the northeastern shoulder of the island and on Dec. 8 secured a grip on the west coast by landing daringly in Ormoc bay. They seized the port of Ormac three days later. Sealed off at Ormoc the Japanese had to depend for reinforcement on Palompon. Its seizure ----.._ _.,..... meant the end of the Leyte camp~ign for .Ja pa.n. Breaks Down Jap Losses. In the last week or so Japanese dead have been picked up at a rate of 1,500-.to 2,000 a day, so furious was the fighting. MacArthur's announcement of 112 728 Japanese killed on the two isla~ds was broken down into 54,338 abandoned dead, 18,500 estimated dead not yet collected, about 30,000 troops drowned in the destruction of reinforcement convoys and 9,890 crewmen aboard these sh~~!~n combat divisions-the 7th, 77th, 24th, 32nd, 96th, the 1st cavalry and 11th air-borne--were committed to the operation in addition to army engineers, :1avy se.abees, aviation construct10n units and supply forces. Carrier planes of the 3rd and '!th fleets the 5th airforce and marme air u~its provided direct air sup- LEYTE CARRY WOUNDED FROM FRONT--8even members of an army litter squad'° ease a wounded Yank down a steep slope on northwestern Leyte island, Phillpplnes, as they head for an evacuation hospital three miles away. (AP wlrephoto from algnal corps.> 1 vcg!· Mindoro island to the north- · west invaded Dec. 15, the Japanese furnished little opposition either on the ground or in the a.ir, but American bombers and fighters were active. By HOWARD HANDLEIIIAN GEN, MAC ART HUB'S HEADQUARTER•s, PHILil'PINES (INS) - American Infantrymen, with Limon llrmly in their hands after one ot the bloodiest battles of the Leyte campaign, smashed down the more favorable terrain of the Ormoo corridor FrldaY-ill. .a drive that threatens to roll up the entire Yamashita line. Troops of the Thirty-second divi• sion ended the two weeks' stalemate• by cracking the northern anchor of the line at Limon and pushed a half mile beyond to t'tla Leyte river. Heavy casualties were intlicted on the Japanese force• and the Jap First division virtu• ally annihilated in a series of local actions. heavily supported by dead• Jy American artillery fire. SEIZE LOG BRIDGE Hard-hitting Yanks seized a log bridge on the Leyte river, a atream which forms a natural border line i between the mountainous terrain at the head of the Ormoc valley and the rolling country to the south which will give American forces a far greater freedom ot action. However, the valley offers several favorable defensive post• tions to the Japaw~se, who are fighting fanatically to protect the town of Ormoc, their last major defensive center on Leyte. Gen. MacArthur, indicating the importance of the American gains. declared the Japanese have been forced to abandon "a critical d• fensive line at a mountainoua defile with open rolling terrain farther south in the Ormoc corridor. The whole Yamashita line ill in danger of being rolled up." �Yanks in San Fabian, First Luzon Town Taken Capt. Rufus Home Unscathed Private Walter Plallka, Bed Arrow veteran (right), polnt11 out the bulre In the tummy or his teddy bear mascot Rufus to hi• brother, Corporal Joaeph Pluka, veteran of the African campaign, to prove . that Rufus didn't lo.., any of his sawdust In the rurced ft&'btlnr at Buna, Saldor and other campaigns or the 32nd. Rufuo baa lhoe button eyes and. wears a corduroy 1ult with a GI necktie, Natt,·es mlnrle with American troops In front ot the municipal ball at San Fabian, 8nt town on Lnoon laland or the Phlllpplneo to he recaptured by Gen. Hac~ur'a forces, (AP WJrephoto from Stena! Corps Blldlophoto), plus a I captain'• bars. RED ARROW MASCOT'S WAR DAYS END From Gutter to Fame Capt. Rufus, corduroy-clad was quite a promotion, for he h ad been a buck private. Pvt. Pluka was 32 months and nine days oveneas. Cpl. Pia.ska was 18 months in Africa and saw service during the Algerian and Tunisian fighting. He has been in • ervice three years and now is stationed at Camp Lee, Va., where he ·returned Tuesday. The current reunion of the PJaska brothers was the second alnce they met at Camp Roberts April 20, 1942. They a r u the sons of Michael Pluka. The Plaska family retrlmmed a Christmas • e tor the boys after the original one fell apart. It wa• a epeeJlt request tnade in telegrams sent by Pvt. Pluka from San Franclaco and Chicago, teddy bear mascot that cam.. palgned with the 32nd diVlaion in the 11outhwest Pacific, ts home from the wan with his muter, Private Walter Plaska, 31, Red Arrow veteran, ot 624 Fremont ave., NW. And he was as aurprised a • Pvt. Walter when Corporal Jo• • eph Plaaka, 28, veteran of the African war theater, greeted them In the Pluka home. The latter wu home on an emergency furlough to He hi • wife, Mary, In Butterworth hoopltal recovering from an operation. + + + Re• cued from the gutter of a New Orlean• • treet on New Year'• eve, 19"1, by Pvt. Pluka, Rufua wu christened in the presence of no leu a penonage than Don Faurot, former Unlvenity of MlHOUri football coach, now in the service. "Rufus wu my con• tant companion through the fighting in Saldor, Buna, Altape and Ea • t Indle•, '' the private • a.id, "and now he' • to be retired to the care of "my family here.'' - ----- 0 CE AN. f - SOUTH • + + When Rufuo arrived In SydAuotralla. Pvt. Pluka ao• erted, the tiny mucot wa • much the worae for ht • long joumey, and "I took him to a department etore where they referred me to the up'1ol1tery department." What a tran • formatlon after the girl1 there ftn• labed with him!" He came out re-etuffed with a complete enaemble Including a • le captain'• bars, which PACIFIC 1 100 \ 'ASKS RETURN TO Lt:ZON-A great American in,,asion army, led personally by Gen. Dourla• MacArthur, 'luesday established four beachheads in the Lingayen area and Wednesday were reported to have oeized oeveral towns and to have driven inland toward the broad plain• tha$ lead ooutb toward Manila. The American force• were reported utrlde blrbwayo couverclnr en Manila mm the nortb. �r Cold (U. S. Bureau Report Page 2,) HOURLY TE)IPERATURES 6 I 7 I s I 9 I 10 I 11I1211 1 11 I 1s I 19 I 20 I 21 I 23 I 23 II 2:1 FIFTY-THIRD TfteL~tJ,Fand Ral)ids Press YEAR TWO SECTIONS SECTION ONE GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. I THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 1945.-24 FOUR PAGES CENTS Co,n,nandos Free 513 B taan, Other Prisoners From (By C. YATES McDANIEL) Gen. MacArthur's Headquarters, Luzon-(JP)-Men of Bataan, Corregidor and Singapore - 513 of them - were snatched from under the muzzles of Japanese guns Tuesday night in an exploit of unmatched daring. (The liberated prisoners included Cpl. Frank C. Potyraj of 320 Lane-av., S. W., Grand Rapids,) Some 400 picked men of the 6th Ranger battalion and Filipino guerrillas made a commando raid 25 miles behind Japanese lines to empty a prison camp at Cabanatuan, thereby partly fulfilling one of the Philippine objectives closest to Gen. MacArthur's heart. They took Japanese guards by surprise and rescued 486 Americans, 23 British, 3 Netherlanders and 1 Norwegian - all that were left in the prison camp in N'ueva Ecija. province of eastern Luzon. · Many more hundreds of able-bodied war prisoners had been sent to work camps in Japan. Hundreds of others had died. TWO DIE AFTER RELEASE. All but two of the men were brought out alive by the 121 men of the Rangers who stormed into the prison stockade under command of Lt. Col. Henry Mucci of Bri.ort, Conn. The Rangers attacked with such merciless precision that not one of the Japanese stockade guards was left alive or able to resist. And they attacked with such care that not one of the prisoners was scratched. Within a matter of minutes all had been released and were on their 25-mile journey to freedom, walking1 carried on backs of husky Rangers or riding in carabao carts. Nearly 100 were so weak from malnutrition, sease and wounds that they could not walk when they were cut loo from bondage. The rescue cost the lives of 27 Rangers and F ipinos who fought off a savage tank-led Japanese attack along the ntire return trip. The raiders killed 523 Japanese - more t n one for every prisoner released - and knocked out 12 enemy t ks. This first mass liberation of allied prisoners of ar in the western Pacific was accomplished by an all-night forced arch east of the central Luzon plains where the United States 6th rmy has made iis deepest penetration. LIBERATORS DECORATED,, The commando raid, ordered on short noticthen intelligence reports disclosed whereabouts of the camp, was ch a success that Gen. MacArthur decorated every man in the fore, I It was the last of many marches for the rescued men - marches which began with the brutal "death march of Bataan." The freed men showed their happiness, despite their sores and ulcers, wasted bodies and ragged clothes. Some looked helplessly up from litters. Others were proudly erect. There were old men with grey hair and dazed, sunken eyes. Some were surprisingly young and almost at their normal weight. Others were limp from beri-beri. Their shirts were tattered. Shorts we:r;e patched and repatched. Several officers still proudly wore their emblems of rank. There were battered campaign hats, overseas caps and one prewar-type helmet. But no men ever tried more valiantly to regain the pride which the Japanese had smashed and to control their emotions than these captives who glimpsed again the almost forgotten outside world. NOTHING MUCH TO SAY. They were happy, yet most of them found it difficult and confusing to return to this world. Perpetually wearing a broad grin, some · would start a conversation with "Hello, Yank, glad to see you.' 1 And then there was nothing more they could say. One of the liberated Yanks suddenly broke into sobs when he caught sight of an American flag. AU of them glanced eagerly at the new weapons and helmets of soldiers who lined the road. They peered far ahead at the plain stretching interminably - with no barbed wire, no guard to bar their free passage. Little by little they began to talk of f.ood, of wives, children, captives received ,.... o ... ,i~g }s.§ Oa,g'f;.'< Qi 1-t, ~ 1U .. 2:.. e:'1 ~ ::!. g8' 6' ro =r,i•e ~~ es,.... .... CD~ 0 ~ 0 IU .... ma§ -iu l"t" rt-iu ~e; ~ ;? f! J:j) en~ O ~ "I' ?' O'Q e.ei.. ... g t~i~i . l'.1Q ... "<o.. ...... \W- ---=~~~~t~~~ia~~!Jg~:?~8!:fss m w si~:-Uls.. ~~r~~;~.z·go..g~~J: ~ !l)S<ti:i: p, iba,!=~ '<g;~g.§~~!Ug;ir ~g~g . . . sgJ;~ga,t~.: § g3.~g:~ S:[~ii,~ Oo-[n~g,....Sg_ ... g~~~a ..,.. C"o CD .., ... 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M I'll !"'---~--· C 0-[,j ~ P -CP 0 C· g~==·: ' 0 1111;;;111111:J 0 1,"•llrt O~p• . -· ··• -- . - I. I,_, ,...,,...,..,..,.,... .... - . o.. ...., .· • p 0.- PO ... \ It erupted suddenly with the ~rattle of automatic weapons just as a ship's bell, which was the camp timepiece, tolled 1908· (7 p. m.) over the weary tired men. Most of the prisoners headed for the ground or the floor, thinking the gunfire meant the Japanese we,e liquidating them - a fate many long had expected. Then they saw the Rangers. It all happened so quickly most of them couldn't believe it was true. But back at the 92nd evacuation hospital the dream gradually became real as they were given medical care, toilet 8.rticles and showers. The captives gradually relaxed as they realized they :\\.tt~i-a,t dreaming, but actually were free men again. .,...: {Additional details on pages 2 and 24J ~ o I ~~ ~ --- WANT TO STAY ON. These experiences lay heavily upon them. Details were palnf~to recall. Yet many of them forswore the probability of retumlnc home immediately to stay and "drop just a few Japs first." The prisoners had heard the preinvasion bombardment of Luzon and news of the landing, but the rescue came as a complete surprise. ~~?':a g~oqg~z.:: - ii sweethearts ..and parents from whom the majority have heard nothing for more than three years. They talked in low tones of Japanese brutality and the death march o! Bataan, of the final terrifying week of bombing and bombardment which hit Corregidor, of men dying like flies, ot disease, of 10 hours daily in prison camp under the hot sun, of wading waist deep in water of rice paddies under hard eyes, of frequent beatings and shootings, ' -~s - -.;.,,,,----,--:c-------- •;. iz1 --,, "' ,,-· "' �YanksAshore South of City 32nd Paces Grim Fight on North Flank ~ - ~ - 't-s Yanks on Alert for Japs on Luzon American solcliers, rifles ready, crouch beside an "alligator" tractor, b1·ought to a halt by enemy fire, and try to locate Japanese soldiers. The action is south of Lingayen on Luzon island, Phillpplne8. (AP Wirephoto from Signal Corps). MacArthur's Troops Sight Manila; Japs Brace for Showdown Battle i By _O"ll,ARK LEE ,.,Jverlooking, Manil~ ~ Y fmport- GENERAL MAC ARTHUR'S HEADQUART'.':RS, LUZ ON (Satorday)-All major _roads leading to long suffering Man• Ila were dominated today by powerful American forces some of them within sight of moking sections of the Philipine capital - Gen. Douglas cArthur announced in a mmunlque as the great city ed itself for an 1.mpending tie of liberation. h advanced spearheads acstanding on high ground er's Eighth artny:-U.lts, c!JJl.,g,,. t"ant highway and railroad on Luzon's central plain was firmly held by MacArthur's liberating armies and all Japanese main lines of communication on northern and southern Luzon were smashed. Lt. Gen. Robert Eichelber- 1 i 1 ,,_______ ----- I ing inland from the latest Lu.. zon invasion front in Batangas province, can clearly make out Manila from the top of Tagitay ridge, less than 15 miles southwest of Cavite naval base In Manila Bay. Fall of Manila was imminent as the Sixth and Eighth army pincers tightened on the capital. No less than seven combat divisions, totalling perhaps 100,000 men, were all ai!fied at 1:_he queen city ot the Philippines... ' Troops in all sectors are keyed to a high pitch of electrifying enthusiasm and are hittini with everything they have. 32ND IN ACTION Fifth alr force pilots who flew over Manila earlier today assertjd Japs Tell of Attack on U. S. Transports By The Associated Press A claim, unconfirmed by any Allied sources, was made Friday by Tokyo 1·adio that Japanese submarines torpedoed and probably sank two large American ti·ansports and a.n oil tanker off the west coast of Luzon Tuesday. a pall of smoke was hanging over the waterfront and several large fl.res were visible. The 82nd (R<,d Arrow) division, composed largely of Michigan and \Visconsin troops, was reported by headquarters F:r-iday as one of the forward elements in northern sector of the Luzon front. These troops, of the First corps are moving eastward to clear the north area of the Luzon plain. They have seized San Nicholas, sealing off Jap re-inforcements In.. tended for the Manila sector I action. Gen. MacArthur's Headquarters, Luzon-{JP)-Manila is in a deadly American trap. United States 8th army invasion troops Friday had fashioned a pincers on the Philippine capital by landing on the Batangas province coast 67 miles southwest of the city while 6th army spearheads drove to within a bar.e 20 miles of the capital on the north. Virtually Unopposed. The 11th air-borne division Wednesday swept ashore from landing craft virtually unopposed along five miles of Batangas beach near Nasugbu and quickly pressed eastward toward 2,000-foot Tagaytay ridge, which commands highw8:ys leading to Manila and the Cavite naval base in Manila bay, 32 miles away. Gen. Douglas MacArthur reported this third Luzon invasion-the second by the newly-formed 8th army in 48 hours-had caught the Japanese by surprise. "We landed without loss," he announced explaining that the landing "largely seals off the possibility of the enemy troops south of Manila joining thc1'se in the north, and definitely outflanks the enemy's defense line in southern Luzon." Hit Shore Without Shot, The first wave of Maj. Gen. J. M. Swine's 11th division troops hit the shore without firing a shot and captured Nasugbu. A half hour after the first Yanks were ashore Japanese in caves to the north brought machine-gun and 77 mm. fire to bear on the !anding beach. This was quickly silenced by naval gunfire and m.obile artillery, Meanwhile the fast-rolling Amer~ ican 6th army's 1st cavalry division-still unchecked-reached Angat river, 25 road miles north of Manila and patrols were reported to hav~ reached Malolos, 20 miles from Manila. Eighth army troops which landed just north of Subic baY on Monday are moving eastward from captured Olongapo naval base against light resistance. These troops are I heading toward a juncture with th eR:~h A~::!s ~~l;r:;~~h Fi;_ht. _ \ MacArthur also announced 1.6kt the 32n~ (Red Arro;,•) divis\Ol'\ is spearheading the stubbornly ~eld northern sectol' where the lst,,torps is moving eastward to cJEt,a.r the north end of the c~traJ Luzon plain. Here the Yanks are four miles east of Tayug and six miles east of San Manuel, where they seized San Nicholas on the Cagayan valley highway, vital to Japanese reinforcements or retreat. MacArthur reported an enti_re Japanese column, trapped between two American forces on the Balungao-Umingan road in this northern sector, had been annihilated. Eight tanks, eight artillery pieces and considerable other material was destroyed. Blast Jap Defenses. Defenses in the Manila bay sector took another severe aerial pounding as Liberators dumped 152 tons of bombs on Corregidor and the Cavite naval base, causing extensive fires and explosions. Two airdromes on Formosa weve targets for patrol bombers. Six Japanese planes were destroyed. Other bombers scored direct hits on a 10,000~ton tanker and a smallei'-- freighter in the China sea south of Formosa. leaving the I �•ot •(, ·d. in ' cs ,1e t- ho ·a- Up and Down Broadway with WALTER WINCHELL Portrait of a Hero "'.\OTIIJ:\'G has stood longer unles& it be i\IacArth ur, the bills and the de,·il." Bel ieve it or n ot , that's a n old 8cotch proverb! . . . The l\1acArtburs are the oldest known Scotch clan. According to legend, the first MacArthur, S mervic ~Iohr, was the son of King Arthur of the R ound ''fable. (l\'!acArthur rneans-"son of Arthur") . . . General Douglas MacArthur p r o v· e s once again that the Scots have taken by six o'clock the followwhat it takes. Previous yankee ing evening. Ma cArthur's andoodle heroes of Scotch origin swer was: "We will take the Cote include John Paul Jones, An- de Chatmon by six o'clock todrew Jackson, Jeb Stuart and morrow or report a casualty llst Ulysses S. Grant <Scotch and of 6,000 dead. That will include soldier, pun my soul!). me." 0 0 0 MacARTHUR is like this: I N FRANCE, instead or reWhen he commanded the Rainbow Division in France during maining safely in the rear like World War I, his superior officer other staff officers, MacArthur told him one day that he wanted always accompanied his troops the Cote de Chatillon <a strongly into "no man's land." Once, fo rtified German key position) when he was asked why he took; the unnecessary risk, MacArthur retorted: "I wanted to let the boys know that somebody at headquarters was willing to go with them!" 0 0 ® SHORTLY after the first American troops arrived in France under MacArthur, the French, who didn't think much of the Yanks as scrappers, fig ured they'd put on a show and give MacArthur an idea of what real soldiers were like. Placing MacArthur in a spot where he could safely watch the Frenchies do their big stuff, they staged a surprise raid on the Germans across the line. Machine guns started to bark, shrapnel burst, and men were dropping all Over the place. MacArthur, armed only with a riding whi p, jumped into the battle. When it was over, MacArthur walked over to the wide -eyed Frenchies, lead ing by the ear a German officer whom he had captured with nothing but a whip! 0 0 0 THE BITTER irony is that when MacArthur· was Chief of Staff, he made a mob of enemies and was branded a warmonger because he pleaded for preparedness! The campaign to smear MacArthur hit a peak half a dozen years ago when he retired. Wi th Pres. Roosevelt's approval. to take on the job of building the Philippines' defenses. His enemies screamed that Manuel Quezon was paying him a salary of $18,000 a year to help him establish a military dictatorship. MacArthur's withering reply was: "I wouldn't sell my sword." 0 0 0 BACK IN the early th irties, when he was Chief of Staff, MacArthur prophetically warned that the coming war would be a mechanized affair and repeated ly begged Congress for a giant alr force and a motorized army. Instead of opening their minds to let in some fresh air, the Rip Van Winkles quipped that the reason MacArthur was anxious to motorize the army was because of his well ,known dislike for riding a horse ! . . . Later, when he was busily trai ning his little native army in the Philippines, man y Am ericans there referred to him sneeringly as "the Napoleon of Luzon." (They didn't know it, but t hey weren't kidding !) ... Unlike the second-guessers now beating the drum for the hero they once belittled, Pres. Roosevelt was a MacArthur fan away back. When MacArthur retired as Chief of Staff !or what seemed like military oblivion in the Philippines, Mr. Roosevelt told his aides : "I must always find a way to keep MacArthur close to me. II there is ever another A. E. F., he's the man to take it over! '' 0 0 0 MacARTHUR, who wouldn't be in his present plight if ,the Rip Van Winkles h ad listened to his preparedness pleas, hasn't lost his sense of humor in spite of it all. When his Philippine troops were incorporated in to the U. s. Army last July, MacArthur's first message to Washington was: "Send me airplanes, trucks and guns." To which he added the postscript: "II you can't spare anything else, send me some French -and -Indian war tomahawks." 0 0 ® MacARTHUR is one man who wasn't caught napping by the Japs. On Dec. 6-the day before the Pearl Harbor attackhe called the reporters in to his Manila headquarters and told them: "Boys, it's here !" ... When news of a successful raid on the Japs reached Washington, an army officer remarked : "MacArthur is always in the thick o! the battle!" ... "You mean ," corrected a Rainbow Division veteran, "the thick of the battle is always where MacArthur is!'' ... Floyd Gibbons, commenting once on the rakish ti lt at which MacArth w· wears his hat, wrote that it was just the tilt which permitted his personality to emerge withou t violating Army regulations. (Tratle Mork 1t r-i;i11.t red. Cop7rl&"ht, JOt2 , Dall1 M.lrror, J.ne,) Uq>rintcd by 1>cr111i!!siOn of Daily Jlirror , l 11c. �•Gona Falls to Allies; Member of 126th Reported Wounded Tighten ,,Y!~e on Japs - · - - -- -- Hem l·n Foe Nea t Bu n al, week ago. They now Will puslt down the shores of Holnicote bay ' toward Sanananda, where the eflri emy has been holding off a m~ ' Austra1ian~American fo~c.P.' attacking down the trail from Soputa. Australian patrol,( first penetrat• ' Yanks, Aussies Advance Against Last Enemy I h Id • A Toe O 111 rea I TER FIGHTCIBNyUGn'tedlSP•e,Bs.)IT , . I Alli~d forces have completely oc• cupied the Gona are_a in. New t th menace to their rear agains e remaining· Japanese forces in the Buna-Sanananda area, Gen. Doug• las MacArthur announced Thurs• Guinea and are advancing without cd Gona viUage Nov. 22, but with• drew as Japanese forces dug in, with protection from mortars, ma-: chine guns and automatic weapons. They held the Aussies off for three weeks in the toughest fighting af the New Guinea campaign, The Japanese occupied the vii• !age July 22. It has been so battered and bombed that it now Is little more than a name on maps. A spokesman at MacArthur's headquarters warned that the ad• vance down the beach toward . th t nemy Buna, against e s rong e , positions in the. Sanananda area, would not be easy. The Japanese have erected a series of barricades along the beach. Allies Win Air Battle. dfhe Japanese now are pinned into It was announced last week that a narrow coastal strip, with allied MacArthur had moved American air forces maintaining a continu- 105-mm. howitzers, complete with ous bombing and strafing in sup• tractors, from Australia, by air, to· port of artillery and ground forces. help blast the Japanese out ot tBY Associated PreH. > their fortifications in the jungl~ Official reports said American and to overcome their advantage forces striking at the lower end of of artillery brought in by sea from the salient were making progress bases at Lae, 165 miles northwest agaim:t defenses of the Buna vii• of the Buna-Gona front, and from lage sector and a Japanese airfield. bases on New Britain and New Bitter fighting raged for posses• Ireland. sion of the airfield, advices from 1By Associated Press.) the front said. Allied detachments Allied headquarters meanwhile are entrenched in two places at announced that American Flying one end of the landing strip 1nd Fortresses and Liberator bombers Japanese hold the other. had scored a victory over a forma<B.v United Press.) tion of Japanese fighters in a furl• Gen. MacArthur announced the ous duel off the coast of New capture of Gona three hours after Britain, shooting down 10 ?f the he reported the Australian jungle enemy planes and damaging 4 fighters had beaten back strong en• others so badly they probably emy attempts to escape from their crashed. surrounded positions, killing at "All our planes returned," the · least 95 Japanese and capturing 4. communique said. This brought enemy casualties The air battle develope_d in conaround Gona for the last week to junction. wit.µ a heavy allied bomb• about 400 killed. I ing assault on the Japanese air• Base Laid Waste. i drome at Gasmata, New Britain, Australians reached the beach. unloading 500-pound ~ornbs in dispersal bays and causmg consider• b oth nor th and south of Gana a able damage. Yanks Shell Foe at Buna \';l.-\\-'-1-~ I \J..•la_--t,.,,__ Word haa been received by hi• sister, Mrs. Leo J. Dornbos, 944 Graceland st., NE., that Sergt. Willfam Hughes, 25, of this city, was aerlously wounded Nov. 22 while aervlng with the 126th infantry In New Guinea. Hughes, who left with his regil b::t.ent 1n October of 1940, trained at Camp Beauregard and Camp Livingston, La., before being sent to Australia and New Guinea. He is a native ot Muskegon and a Artillery Blasts Japs After Counter-Drive Is Repulsed (Bv A~sociatcd Press.) United Sta es forces holding the approaches to the Buna airdrome Friday laid down punisiling artillery fire on Japanese beach positions after throwing back a Japanese night counter-attack near Buna village. With the Gona area, 12 miles to the north, clPared by the Au~~ralian fare~ that swept up the nver vaJ1eys and 9't>rmed the tnission post, Australlal1{ patrols now are reported advancin&t down the coast toward Cape Kil'ferton, ,six miles northeast of Buna, and the big push to drive the Japanes~ out_ of their beachhead pockets 1s being c~1\::~tzea~~ forces continued to I support the land fighters, layin_g J their bombs on the Japanese pos1- j tions from Cape Killerton southward through Euna to Cape Endaiadere, three miles southeast of Euna. Isolate Inland Base. One other enemy force was reported still holding out near Soputa, about six miles inland from Euna, and P40's strafed and bombed this enemy position. The size of this force was not indicated. A communique describing the Japanese counter-attack at Euna said that "bitter hand-to-hand fighting ensued throughout the position in a struggle for piUboxtype enemy machine-gun emplacements" and reported that it collapsed under heavy fire. The Japanese employed 75-mm. guns and mortars against the allies' 105-mm. howitzers and mortars that threw 25-pound shells. Direct hits were scored on an enemy anti-aircraft gun. leun~ Torn by • SJ!;RG~ WILLIAM HUGHES graduate of Muskegon high school, subsequently attending Grand Ra~ ids Junior coUege and the University of Michigan. While in Grand Rapids, Hughes resided with his sister, Mrs. Dornbos. Before leaving with the 126th infantry he was employed at the Allen Calculator plant. One Grand Rapids soldier, Pvt. Walter L. Floyd, 36, of 1042 Lafayette ave., SE., was reported Friday to bave been kill~d in action during the commando raid last Aug. 19 ·on Dieppe, France. Word of his ·•en's death was aent his fll.ther, Charles F. FlOyd, of the san?e ,ddress, by the American Red Cross. Two marines, Pfc. Hubert D. Milanowski, 123 Travis st., NE., and Pfc. Daniel C. Stevens, 925 Milwaukee st., SW., Wyoming Park, have been reported wounded in action in South Pacitto action agl;linat•the Jape. Pfc,. Stevens wu employed, before enlisting, with Winters and Crampton, Inc., Grandville, while Milanowski was a pupil at Creston high school. He is a brother of Mrs. Joseph Budnick, 125 Travis st., NE, Shell Torrent , ,._ .,,. -'t2... Artillery, Mcaftars Pound Jap Positions, Patrols Mop Up Gona JUNGLE JOURNEY- la_ ~li • tf~ By plane, boat, jeep an'd. afoot, united n~tiOns forces are Mfving against the Japs m New Gulne'Cllere dough boys ford a Jungle i\rftin. Native porters bring up the rear. I (~sed by censor.) I ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Monday) UP)-Allied forces poured a continuous torrent of artillery and mortar shells into enemy positions in the Buna area ot New Guinea Sunday, the high command said today. American an~ Australian patrols, meanwhile were mopping up Japanese stragglers west of Gona, which the Allies occupied several days ago. Fighting planes bombed and strafe4 the enemy throughout the day, the noon communique said, and an Allied reconnaissance unit shot down two Japanese fighter• which attempted an interception. In1tallation1 at Salamaua, Japanese base some 125 mlles north Of Buna, were attacked In & night raid. }ap~S~y Vanks Still Hold Isles In Philippines New York-(,l')-The Vichy radio Thursday broadcast a dispatch from Tokio reporting that certain of the Philippine islands still were •, Hheld by Americans" and that Jap~ anese marines had been landed there to end resistance. The dispatch said Jal)6llese naval headquarters had announced "vioq.t :fighting is now in progress." •rfie Berlin radio also said Japanese forces had been landed on islands where Americans still were resisling and added that "'in fierce fighting the Americans gradually are being forced to surrender." Only 1ast week the Tokio· radio admitted American and Filipino l resistance was continuing. • . I �Describes Weird Fighting on Outskirts of Buna 't"I.-· Among Casualties \ '1..A\$'-'t'L- 1 I \~•l't• Buna Captured by MacArthur By FRANK ROBERTSON clouds and a gentle sea breeze WITH AMERICAN GROUND stirred the palm frontls. It was a peaceful and pleasant FORCES IN PAPUA (INS) - Ex- scene - for about two minutes! cept for the shooting, it was as Then our artillery started up again. good as a ride on a roller-coaster. Shells which sounded uncomfort- f!i! The rains had started at last and ~~:seJ::ri;:s~i;;:.r us to thud we slithered and bucked our way One of the Jap machine guns to the front line. opened up. We heard the swish of I sat on the jeep's bonnet. Be- bullets a.nd bits of foliage floated hind me -was the commanding down on us as a hail of lead cut through the dense jungle. general and staff officers and We edged our way back under cover and carefully worked ourselves up until we were almost on the beach. A black-bearded but fair , skinned man rose from behind a machine gun to meet us. This was Staff Sgt. Herman Bottcher, the "one-man army" from San Francisco, · With a small unit, he had held this beachhead wedged I \'l.•l't-'t?. between the Ja.p beach positions for almost a week, killing nearly 70 Japs who tried to shiH him away. Bottcher is more than a hero to the men behind him. He ho.s become a symbol. His presence on the beach between the Japs has That the score or more of Grand had a tremendous effect on the Rapids men reported wounded remorale of the doughboys fighting cently in action in New Guinea behind him. have had sympathetic medical and We crouched behind low cover surgical treatment was indicated as the general told this grimhere Monday in a press associafaced, mud-spattered sergeant that tion dispatch which mentioned every officer and man on New Maj. Simon Warmenhoven, former Guinea was proud of him. "Tell that to my men," Bottcher told the general. "They've done more than I have." He went back to his gun to answer a Jap machine gun which had opened fire on his position. "And tell them back there that the Japs aren't going to shift us from here.'' he shouted through the noise of his gunfire as we started back. Mafor Strong Point Held by Japs on New Guinea Falls \~·'5•'1'7- Former Surgeon In Local Hospital Is in New Guinea ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Tuesday) UP>-Allied infantrymen swept over Japanese troops at Euna village on the eastern New Guinea coast. yesterday to capture one of the major strong.. points of the enemy, and "largely parried" a heavy reinforcement at• tempt in the immediate area. An official communique telling of the wresting of this important Japanese foothold did not mention the fate of nearby Bu•a Mission which also has been held stubbornly by the enemy. The communique said: "Buna viUage bas been taken. It was occupied by our troop1 at 10 o'clock this morning, Dec. 14. The attack was preceded by a heavy mortac barrage which was followed in by the infantry." , REINFORCEMENT THREAT Then, telling ot the new Japanese reinforcement threat the bul• Ietin said: "'In another attempt by the enemy's naval forces to reinforce their ground troops in the Buna area, the enemy launched a corr.. voy of two cruisers and three destroyers for a landing at Mam• bare and Kumusi estuaries." These two rivers empty into the sea about 20 and 40 miles, respec-tively, northeast of Buna, and obviously the enemy was attempting to outflank the entire AIUed assault which had resulted tn the capture ot Goila and Euna. 'HEAVY CASUALTIES' "Our air force,"' it added, -Jntercepted this convoy. In heavy bombing and strafing attackl!I, the enemy's landing barges were sunk or disabled. ,., "Survivors attempted to reach land by swimming, suffering heavy casualties. "Supplies were set afire. ~rat hits and many near misses Wl!l'e made on the war vessels." A Japanese bomber and two fighters also were shot down out of a screening force, and the com.. munique added: "It is believed that the major enemy effort was largely parried.,. A TOUGH _FIGHT The enemy relnforcemen.l, move was consistent with Japat'lese efforts to hold at almost any cost the toeholds they established last summer in the Buna-Gona area. The Allies have blasted to the ocean bottom a sizeable numtrer· of enemy ships and landing barges within the last month, and on ground have had to fight every foot of the way along the coasL The fall of Buna. village was considered an event of ci:wttat im.portance in the steady annihilation of the Japanese whose presence in that area had given the Australian mainland government an1dous mo-ments until General MacArthur began his drive S:cross the Owen Stanley mountains from Port Moresby. The Japanese still have two strong bases in New Guinea, at Lae and Salamaua, the latter being about 140 miles above Euna. Both points have been under freq~e Allied air attack and occasion their have been patrol skirm i I I PVT. EDWARD ZIMl\lERMAN, at top; SGT. WADE L. KRY• GER, ' lower right, and SGT. GRANT SULLIVAN, left, all of Grand Rapid!!;, 3.re amo~g the latest casualties from the south Pacific. All are reported "seri• ousJy wounded." Two in JI!iendly Group Wounded _ se, MAJ. WARMENHOVEN, senior resident in surgery at St. Mary's hospital, as the officer in command of a group of army surgeons working "in primitive sur- 1 roundings.'' Maj. Warmerhovcn, who 1eft here ,vith the national guard in October 1940, as a captain, was promoted to major and placed in / command of the regimental medical detachment shortly before I leaving the United States last spring. Maj. Warmenhoven was born in The Hague, The Netherlands, Jan. 17, 1910, but has been a Grand Rapids resident most of his life. He is a graduate of Calvin college and Marquette university medical school · in Milwaukee. His wife resides at 2446 Boulevard-dr., S. W., Wyoming Park, with their three children; Muriel, 5. Ann Elizabeth, I 20 months, and a 3-month•old son, I Simon, jr., whom he has never seen. He received the cablegram 1 announcing his son's birth just bef9re leaving for the fighting ftont. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Paul C. Warmerhoven, live at Sunny- ' j side, Wash. I 1 -Grand Rapids Press PhotOl'rapher. SGT. EDWARD FORTIER, left, was wounded In the fighting In New Guinea and his bunkmate, CORP. MARVIN WEIBENGA, right, was reported recuperating in a New Guinea hospital when last heard from, but they look forward to a reunion with their friend, CORP, ROBERT MYERS of the marines, who last wrote his parents, Mr. and Mrs. C. W. Myers of Bootwlck Jake, that he was on a south Pacific island ''that you read a Jot about in the papers." Myers and Fortier, classll\ates at Creston High ochool, met for the first time In 18 months when this photograph was taken In April. Myers was en route to the west coast after eervice in Iceland. Fortier and Weibenga soon afterward ~ Austnlla and thence to the New Guinea front, �Tighten Hold InBunaArea t \"a.~ Allies Increase Pressure Against Remaining Jap Defenders (By United Press.) Allied forces iJ1. eastern New l Guinea increased pressure Thursday against what was left of Japanese positions on the Buna front. The Japanese defenders are under direct orders from Emperor Hirohito to resist to the last man. The heaviest fighting was reported, _in the_ allied communique, I m the immediate Buna area, just I south of the government station. Allied bombers and fighter planes continued to blast Japanese positions from Cape .Endaiadere, about three miles east of captured Buna, all the way up th.e coast to the Mambare estuary, 40 miles northwest of Gona, where eriemy ;re .. inforcements moved ashore Sunday night. An explanation of the fanatical Japanese resistance came in the ' questioning of a 24-year-old lance corpop,b.9i ~~ mountain arVJlery, tapftii ?d recently This prisoner said that when word reached the emperor of the imminent crisis at Buna, he asked that every man glve his life, if neces- Win Citations at New Guinea These Grand Rapids members of the 128th Infantry, Sgt. Edgar . Marsh (left) and Corp. Donal L. Mmray, signal corpsmen were olted for bra.very in the severe fighting before Buna in New o'utnea. Two G. R. Guardsmen Cifedl for Bravery Befbre Buna ! sary, to hold it. PVT. ALBERT THOM.<S P.t'C. ELLSWORTH H. NEELY These :four soldiers were added t.o the casuattY list ·o:f Grand Rapids men serving on foreign fronts in notices sent to their faml... lies Tuesday by the war department. Staff Sgt. Madigan and Pvt. Sandusky were listed as killed in action, Sandusky In the Mrican area and Madigan in the· South Paclflc battlefront, while Pvt. Thomas and Pfc. Neely were reported to be wounded seriously during _fight,. Ing in the New Guinea area. \ ).•\S- 'tJ... Sergeant's Tough! Rams Wedge Into Buna Lines and Plays Hob With Japs Both on Land and at Sea.. j \Vith American Troops in New Guinea-(De!ayed) - (IP) - Some American doughboys are Jiterally thumbing their noses at the J ap .. anese in one of the hottest spots on this jungle battlefront-and that's where Sgt. Herman Bottcher of San Francisco comes in. Bottcher and his small group of men smashed through the Japanese defenses between Buna and Buna mission, killed 50 or 60 Japanese, and established a beach• head. The Japanese made at least two attempts to remove it but Bottcher and his men stuck tight. B?ttcher is rapidly establishing himself as a ohe-man army. When the enemy attempted a dawn at- 1 tack. Bottscher was ready. The Japs were repulsed, leaving 40 to 50 dead. A Japanese machine-gun nest be• gan causing trouble. So the ser• geant took a pocketful of hand grenades, crawled through the brush and disposed of it. The next night the Japanese attacked from two sides But Bottcher heard them corning, sent up flares and they were blasted back to their own lines, leaving seven dead. Bottcher then spotted a Japanese launch apparently trying to take supplies to Buna village. He turned his machine-guns on it and set it afire. Bottcher obtained experience on the Loyalist side in the Spanish civil war. He was born in Lands• i b~rg, Germany, 33 years ago and st!II s~eaks with a slight German Report More/ Men Wounded ,~~ Five From Grand Rapids Added to Pacific I Casualty List Word that five more Grand Rapids m~n,_ known to be serving in New Guin~a; were "seriously wounded in action in the south ,.Pacific" has been received by their next of kin. The men are Sgt. Peter W. Kos• tcr, 30, son of Mr. and Mrs. James Koster, 1421 Widdicomb-st., N. W.; Sgt. Wade L. Kryger, 21, son of Mr. and Mrs. Martin Kryger, 123 Annst., N. E., and husband of Mrs. Margaret Kryger of Detroit; Sgt. Arthur Simmons, 22, husband of Mrs. Helen Simmons, 509 Coit-av., N. E.; Sgt. Grant Sullivan, 19, son of Mrs. Gladys Flit!,, 30 Lyon-st., N. E., and Pvt. EdvA.rd Zimmerman, 22, son of Mr. and Mrs. Leon Zilumerman, 752 Sixth-st., N. \V. Sgt. Koster, graduate of Union High school and Junior college, was a tool designer at General Mo~ tors corporation before leaving here with the national guard for · active duty. Sgt. Kryger, member of the national guard since 1939, left with i the local troops in 1940, after graduation from Creston High school. He was promoted to corporal en route to Australia and to ;.;::::rgeant soon after arrival. Sgt. Simmons, an employe of the VandenBroek Roofing Co., left her~ wHh the national guard in 1940. Sgt. Sullivan loft Union High school in his senior year to go to l active service with the national guard. He is t!1e grandson of Mr. ] and Mrs. George Filkins of Com- I stock Park. I Pvt. Zimmerman, .~ former stu- · den~ at Union High school, was employed at the W. B. Jarvis Co. when the national guard was called to active service. He was a mem-1 ber of the medical detachment. - - \2.•lr - 'P-- t / T~o more members of Grand ~ap1ds' own 126th infantry~ were cited_ for bravery in the furious fightmg in N~w Guinea in news reports reachmg Grand Rapids Monday. They were Sergt. Edgar C. Marsh. and Corp. Donald L. Mur'ray, signal corpsmen attached to the headquru.·ters company of the 126th. The news dispatch, written by Frank Ro~ertson, International News Service correspondent. described Marsh as "one of the crew of unsung heroes of the New Guinea battlefront," and related that Murray and a companion walked through heavy Japanese fire to hook up a telenhone line to an American advanced post. ~urray wa!: wounded Nov. 28, appare:ntly later in tne sarn:e action described in Robertson's report, his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Marrel B Murray, of 322 Robey pl., SE., point~ ed out Monday. They added that their son's wife, Dorothy, of 206 Garfield ave., NW., received a cablegram from him Sunday, congratuJating her on her birthday and telling her not to worry. Robertson's story was as foJfow,3: "Sergt. Edgar Marsh of (;.rand Rapids, Mich., is a signal corpsman, one of the crew of unsung heroes of the New Guinea battle• front Who string communication wires to forward positions around Buna. , ..I spoke to hi~ from a command post 200 yards behind the shallow trench he had been lying in for seve1·al days, acting as communications officer. He's only a shoi·t : distance from a Japanese machine gun nest that has defied all Allied ' efforts to knock it out 1I "'How are thing& ba~k there in civilization?' he 3-sked, referring tcr the command post which at that i moment, was receiving so~e atten- 1 tion from Jai:>anese mortars. TOOK OVEJ.t . "~arsh ~ook over ~s communi- i cations. chief when hts command-1 ing offtifr volunteered ~o take a plat.oon m an attack agamst Buna durmg a temporary shortage of line officers. "Two other signal corps men who br8:ved f~1·ious enemy barae-es to String wire to advanced positions were Pvt. Robert Shearer of Granu.da, Miss., and Corp. Don Murray ofuGrand Rapids, Mich. An American platoon had made a successful sortie deep into Japan_ese lines _and was holding its posibon despite the hottest fire the Japs. co~ld th.row at them. Commumcabon with the main AIHed force had to be established, so Shearer and Murray took the telephone wire and waded through the Jap crossfire to the advanced post. After hooking up the line they returned once again through the hailof bullets, arriving at their base unscathed." MADE CORPORAL Corp. Murray, who is 21 years old, attended Ottawa and· Davis Tech high schools here, and was mobilized in October, 1940, with the national guard, which he had joined sortly before. He was made a corporal while at camp in Louisiana. Sergt. Marsh, who is 24 years old, is a vett!ran guardsman, ·aavlng joined up nine years ago at a quite tender age. His father, Francis W. Marsh, cashier in the city treasurer's office, recalled that Edgar, who graduated from Central high school, had adopted radio as a hobby, and had planned to go into the mechanical end of radio as a busi-' ness. He was a corporal when the national guard was mobilized, and between May and September, 1941, was promoted to the rank of sergeant, staff sergeant, and then technical sergeant. He served as acting communications chief at Camp Livingston, in Louisiana. I I �ilht Omln~\~pi~li ~tnd~ EXTRA FIFTY-SEVENTH RAND YF..AR RAPIDS, MICH., MONDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1941 PRICE THREE CENTS JAPS ATTACK PACIFIC BASES; U. S. WINS'.: IN FIRST BATTLE? leans Cabinet All Army Men Ordered Out Sunday Night Navy Prepared for lxpect President to '5k Congress for ar Declaration Jap Attack; Hull Scores Two Envoys WASHINGTON (}P)- The war department Sunday night or dered all milita ry personnel in this country into uniform. Naval officers said informally that for several months all American warships in the Pacific had been in constant readiness for bat- INGTON - The President ed his entire cabinet to an esident was expected by TOKYO (lllonday) (}P) - .Japanese Imperial headquarters announced at 6 a. m. today that Japan had entered a state of war _with the United States and Britain in the western Pacific as from dawn today. + + + NEW YORK (}P) - .Japanese warplanes killed 35 men at Hickman field and set fire to the U. S. battleship Oklahoma Sunday in a sodden raid on Pearl Harbor and Hono• Iulo, an NBC observer radioed direct from the scene today. Two other ships in the harbor also were attacked, he reported. + + + congreWonal leaders to deliver a I VESSEL SENDS SOS messag WASHINGTON UP) - The White Honse announced at 3:35 ing fo p. m., (EST), Sonday, that the army had just received word that again st n. Repub Senate Leader Mc- an American vessel, believed to be a cargo ship, had been sendNary or gon , said he talked late ing out slgnals of distress approximately 700 miles west of San today wit Vice P r esident Wallace over the ephone and that Wal- Frandsco. Whether it had been torpedoed was not immediately learned. lace had · ed h im to flash word tle. President Roosevelt conferred 'With the secretaries of navy and war. At London Prime Minister Churchill conferre'd with John G. Winant, U. S. a mbassador to Britain, and the British waited f or fulfillment of Chur chill's promise of Nov. 10 to declare war on Japan .,within the hour" if she attacked the United States. Presidential Secretary E a rly declared that so far as is known the attacks were "made wholly without w a rning- when both nations were at peace"-and were delivered within an hour or so of the time that the Japanese ambassadors had gone to the state department to hand to the secretary of state Japan's reply to the s ecretary's memorandum of the 26th. MAY BE "TO SAVE FACE" There was a disposition in some qua rters here to wonder whether the attacks had not been ordered by the Japanese military authori- WAR BULLETl~~S Manila Under Attack A general vlew of Manlls, Philippines capital and largest city, reported under attack from Japanese air forces Sunday to Republ senators to hasten to Washin ''I antici message fr o for a decl.1 Japan. This was nflrmed by White House Secre Stephen Early, who said tha the President was assembling information as quickly as p ble and will present it to con . as in an ''informative report." p)()bably in the form of a message to a joint session. The attack WlS launched at the very moment J~anue "peaee" envoys in Waahing-.OD aougbt to continue peace conv,raationa with this country. .: Pearl Harbor, tle •'6,m.erlcan naval "Gibraltar" at ~ • and the Philippine naval ·, ' at Ca.vlte ., near Manila, took 11 brunt of ~1:!t•~e~~~::t t:::o!f:i~:!st1:itr~~~ !- - - --~--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - emperor might lead to an aboutthe first attacks. _face in Japanese policy and the consequent loss of face by the present ruling factions in Japan. No o(ficle..t µ .sf' d tho w ord u Japs Arrested l Canadian Medium Nav ,,_,, u.- s. + + + smP TORPEDOED WASHINGTON UP) - The White House announced today that an army transport carrying lumber rather than troops had been torpedoed 1,300 miles west of San Francisco. This placed .Japanese naval action well east of Hawaii, toward the mainland. There was no information whether the transport had been sunk. .o r whether there was loss of life among the crew. + + + HONOLULU (}P) - .Japanese bombs killed at least five per• sons and injured many others, three seriously, In a surprise morning aerial attack on Honolulu Sunday, + + + NAVY MEN ORDERED TO POSTS NEW YORK (}P) - A naval official who declined to be quoted said today that the navy department had sent out an urgent call to all officers on leave to report at once to naval districts In wlilch they are located. The second corps army area headquarters here revoked all leave11 and furloughs and ordered all men to report to their posts. + + + Report Americans Have Control in Hawaii Area By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS WASHINGTON - Japan attacked the United States Sonday, striking with naval and air units at the great Pearl Harbor naval base at Honolulu and at l\lanila, and latest reports indicated that the United States had won the fint battle in the new World war. "The army and the navy, it appears, now have the air and sea under control," said an NBC broadcast from Honolulu, a few hours after the .Japanese opened the assault. Adopting Adolf Hitler's surprise tactics of striking over the week-end - ignoring President Roosevelt's personal lasthour appeal for peace to Emperor Hirohito Saturday night - the .Japanese attacked the two keystones of American defense in the Pacific at approximately 9:20 a. m. Honolulu time (3:30 p. m. EST). WASHINGTON UP)-Japanese airplanes Sunday attacked American defense bases at Hawaii and l\lanila, and President Roosevelt ordered the army and navy to carry out undisclosed orders prepared for the defense of the United States. The White House said that .Japanese bombed vital outposts in the Pacific-Hawaii and Manila-at 3:20 p. m. (EST) and that so far as was known the attack was still in pro;,:ress. ATTACKS WITHOUT WARNING Announcing the President's action for the protection of American territory, Presidential Secretary Stephen Early declared that so far as is known now the attacks were "made wholly without warning-when both nations were at peace--and were delkered within an hour or so of the time that the .Japanese ambassadors had gone to the state department to hand to the Secretary of State .Japan's reply to the secretary's memorandum of the 26th. Promptly, navy officers said that long prepared counter measures against .Japanese surprise attacks had been ordered Into operation and were "working smoothly." And within a lf/W minutes, the war departmeaj; ordered all ,llt.Bnt DP""'nn@U fn .thla.....,..allllJL...l.Dt.o........J.1nlf~ '--"---' �son New,,..,Guinea ....... Only Small Number Survive Blasting by Allied Planes By DEAN SCHEDLER SOMEWHERE IN NEW GUINEA (Wednesday) (.iP)-Japanese tl'Oops have landed nol'ihwast of captured Gona and Euna in New . . . Gumea m a new remforcement attempt, but Allied headquarters announced today that their alreadytorn ranks were under a deluge of bo,~tse ~~h!ul!:~: is strewn with derelict barges, wreckage and ene:;'Jd. dead," today's communique "Our troops maintained heavy pressui·e on the enemy in all sectors" n, the Euna front where u. s. 0and Australian troops took auna village two days ago in .~rce hand-terhand strugg1e pree-eded by a torrent of mortar shells. Euna mission and other nearby coastal points still are held by the Japanese, however. Perhaps 1,000 Japanese troops were believed to have weathered Allied air attacks to gain a new foothold in an obvious attempt to turn the Allied flank and relieve the enemy units that are being cut to shreds in a constricted coastal sector. The new enemy -18.llding was made in the Cape ward Hunt area, 4.4 miles northwest of Buna on the northeast shore of New Guinea despite a sizzling "merry-g~round'; attack by Flying Fortresses, Havocs, Atracobru and Beaufi hters which smashed Japanese 1!ndin boats, left Japanese dead drape~ over the sides of barges and scattered on the beaches, and wrecked ~upply afts r · war • ut It waa ilOt claimed any were sunk. This was the seventh Japanese attempt thus virtua11y thwarted to reinforce their troops in the Buna area. fleeing no Two Japanese cruisers and three destroyers 1eeldng to effect the landing bad only two hours before dawn to e¥ecute the operation. I From each of the five ships four 1· motor landing craft-20 in alleach with an estimated capacity of 50 soldlera were lauilched. The first wave of probably 1,000 Japanese got ashore and the barges were tn the process of repeating the operation when the Allied dawn patrol came on the scene with machine guns a.nd cannon blazing. Hundreds of Japanese leaped overboard. At least five of the barges were strafed and sunk and many others were damaged beyond repair. One was seen drifting out of control with Japanese dead hanging over the sides. 180 SWIMMERS KILLED Observers here believed they had intended to land at Buna but turned aside because of the mili· tary situation there to the Cape Ward Hunt area between the marshy Kumsul an~ ~mbare rivers. It was possible that a substantial body of men got ashore to estabUsh a beachhead somewhat less than midway between Buna and the other Japanese bases at . Lae and Salamau,a ,. 160 and 140 miles, respectively, up the coast from the Euna area, But it was believed that their supplies were largely d~ strayed. The cruiser and destroyer force was sighted two days before the At least a hundred swimmers landing attempt was made Monday ::~e e~~li~~t!~. the water, the air- as it steamed into the strait beThe Japanese had unloaded Into ~7:en New Guinea and New Britthe water at least 500 oil drums lashed together in rafts of 40 drums, and crates in nets were 18.'Shed to the underside where they would draw the least fire, The Americans and Australians fired thousands of rounds into the small swarming area of water, blowing up the rafts and scattering and killing swimmers who were towing them to shore. Supplies which had been put ashore and stacked on the beach were blown to bits. BAN LIKE MAD I Japanese r~n Jike mad for the Ishelter of foliage and hugged the I Flying Fortresses and Liberators dropped bombs in their path and the four-motored bombers took up the pursuit Tuesday. The Liberators were attacked in the New Britain area by seven Zeros Tuesday and two of the enemy fighters were shot down. Another flight of Liberators was attacked by 15 Zeros when the fleeing warships were 150 miles from Euna, and two of these fighters were brought down. An American general led the attacking force which s ;"' e pt through the churned-up rums of Buna and captured the place under a heavy mortar barrage at 10 a. m. Monday. Japanese casualties were ex• pected to be high when the count is made, Capture of Euna left the fighting centered in two main areas, the Cape Endal~dere and Euna mission area immediately east of Euna and the Cape Sananada area just to the northwest of Euna. - beach as tracer bullets ripped acr~ss th e sand lined witb dead. Fire quickly spread th rough the whole area. The Duvtra mission wh~re the Japanese m?'de their mam landing went up in smoke, ~nd_ as the Americans and Austrahans departed abandoned barges ~nd broken supply rafts were drift• mg four miles out to sea. ~h: cbruisers atndd testrboyherlts werde ra e y repea e om a an near misses and were last seen [ I MacArthur's Net Tightens \1•1'1 ••"&-- Heavy Fighting Erupts in 4re_a of N. E. New Guinea ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Saturday) UPl Tightening of Allied rings about the trapped Japs on either side of Buna village erupted into heavy fighting m northeast New Guinea, the high command announced today. The heaviest fighting has broke~ out on the Allies' right, which is the Euna mission sector. Allied planes kept up their unceasing attacks on the enemy ground positions. Allied -bombers, meanwhile, paid another visit to j Portuguese Timor, where enemy inetallations were attacked in the towns of Mao Bisse and Mindelo. It was the second visit in as many days to Mindelo. Troops under Gen. Douglas MacArthur's person.al command closed Jn on the stubbornly resisting and isolated pockets around Buna and Australian patrols maintained pre~ 1mre on enemy outposts guarding Saiamaua, an older and perhaps 1tronger base. Allied artillery destroyed an im.. portant bridge leading the Buna government station, and Australian and American t~oops fought & i,mall battle to the death in a c~ coanut grove to the west. The grove was occupied and held, although Japanese counter-attacked under a mortar barrage. T:wenty Japanese were killed and one surrendered. Fifteen others were killed and one captured trytng to infiltrate Allied positions near Gona. JAPS STll,l, STICK Euna village and Gona both are tn Allied hands, but the surviving Japanese still are dug in 4eeply along the forlorn jungle be.,Ch for abQut niIJ.e mHes in at ~e st two , separate pockets. Japanese outposts in t e Salarnaua area were reporte pushed back. One reason for t e Allied moves in that area was✓, protect friendly natives whoi,{ the Jap. anese have b~J.tte.fiipting to enslave as carriers. Besides Salamaua, the ietlemy on New Guinea still hOlds the port ot Lae, a little further to the noNhwest. Freshly made mounds of earth In the Kumusi-Mambare river region 45 miies northwest of Gona ' were spotted by aerial reconnnais1ance, indicating the deadly toll of Allied planes which raided a Japanese 1a:nding there Monday. Allied planes made 230 sorties there, sprayed the reinforcements with 34,000 rounds of machine-gun and cannon fire and cascaded 82 tons of bombs. The beach was littered with broken landing barges and burned out native buts. It was considered doubtful that the .Ta"f}anese landed any appreciable \ force. J Particularly effective were frag- [ mentation parachute bombs devised by Lieut.-Gen. George C. Kenny, air commander in the southwt!st Pa.. cific. Gen. MacArthur decorated him for developing the exp!osives, released from planes q.t 80 :j.o 100 feet. Kenny spent seven ye s perfecting the .bom.R.. I -NEA Telephoto BUILDING BRIDGES IN NEW GUINEAAmerican and Australlan forces constructing a bridge over which the aUies moved ,to di~ge the Japs In the Buna-Gona area. This is one of the many tasks that confronted the allies 1n penetrat• Inc the Jull&'l... �., I • • eavy . 1g ting Is Raging About Mission .at Buna \~-'.S If,~ - - - Some En~my Reinforcements Put Ashore in New Guinea Despite Frightful Cost in Men and Supplies Inflicted U pcm Landing O.Perations·; Allies Take Euna Village. Allied Headquarters in Australia, Dec. 15.-(AP)-American jungle fighters', supported by Australians, stormed into Euna village yesterday and heavy fighting raged about the .Japaneseheld Buna mission to the east today while Allied bombers smashed at new enemy invasion expeditions put ashore by a strong cruiser and destroyer force at two points farther up t he New Guinea coast. The Americans slashed their Convoy ca ers way into the village five days After absorbing two days of punishing raids, the convoy scatafter the capture of Gona, 12 tered northward. miles to the northwest. These As matters stood today the were the main bases of the Japanese in the Buna•Gona. a~·ea foothold established by the still were clinging to Buna M1ss1on and Sanananda Point, just to the Japanese last July 23 in their 110 rth, some positions of un~isclosed closest t hrust toward northeast depth in the east, and possibly the Australia. newly established though heavily (War front dispatches reaching battered toeholds up the Papuan \ ,,- a., - •p.. Thi's truck loaded with A merican infantrymen m starting from a New Guinea beach-head to the fighting front. :Melbourne said the Allies were coast. squeezing the .Japanese from three Their main New Guinea bases, sides on the central sector of the however, are at Lae and Salamaua, Gana - Euna battleground, with 150 miles to the northwest, where Australians pressing in from the their initial landings were made on left, Americans from the right and the island last March. both Australians and Americans The July landings at Buna and attacking through the center at Gana, which presented the gravest Sanananda Point, above Euna vil- threat to the Allied outpost at Port !age.) Moresby, were followed by a disDes'pite the frightful cost in men astrous attempt to gain a foothold and supplies inflicted upon the in Milne bay, at the southern end new Japanese landing operations, of NE!w Guinea. ~are~adio~:te~~i~z~::~~il;~e The occupation of Coasta1--Gona, put ashore by the heavily protected 12 miles to the northwest, Was anconvoy standing off the mouths of nounced last Thursday, and the the Kumusi and Mambare rivers, Australians who comprised the some 20 and 40 miles, respectively, main force of that advancing arm y north of Euna. then turned southwa'rd toward "In heavy bombing and strafing Sanananda. attacks, the enemy's landing barThe occupation of Buna village ges were sunk or disabled," the cut off the Japanese forc~s in the cominunique said. "Survivors at- Sanananda area on the west from tempted to reach land by swim- those eastward near the mission ming, sufiering heavy casualties. airstrip and Giropa point. Supplies were set afire. Several The village was one of the hits and many near misses were smaller Japanese pockets. made on the war vessels. Clima x of \ Var Enem y P lanes Downed The capture of Buna and Gan a ''The enemy's air force inter- marked the climax of one phase vened unsuccessfully, an enemy of the war in the Sout hwest bomber and two fighters being shot Pacific. Early in their spread down and the remainder disper~ed. southward, the Japanese invaded It is believed that the major enemy New Guinea, taking Lae and Salaeffort was largely parried." maua, ports some 140 miles north (The Melbourne Herald's car- of E una, last March. They still respondent in New Guinea said hold those points. that although a big proportion of Their penetration of Papuan New the Japanese were believed slain Guinea were first made at Gana before they reached shore, the and Euna on July 22 and they landings in the M<!-mbare and Ku- drove with little resistance to Iorimusi estuaries "means that th e baiwa, only 32 miles from the major enemy has established an a~dition- Allied base at Port J\'foresby, by al sector on the Papuan coast.") mid-September. Japanese soldiers u nd er full pack General Douglas MacArthur then were reported to have plunged wildly into water coated with blazp~~~eJit~:lJaf;~~e~~ b:f::n;!:~ ing oil and littered wi th wrecked the Owen Stanley mountains to t he ~l1e~Ul~!:;;e~ang;.~~e b~!~~ a~hte~~ Wairopi bridge. One Australian wave assaules on the convoys. force pursued the fleeing Japanese After being attacked by Libera- up the Kumusi river and then tors and flymg forll esses the turned ba~k down tow~rd Gona .. crmser- and destroyer-protected A combmed Australian-American Japanese vessels stood off the coast force drov7 eastwar? along the Sunday night and began landing Kokoda trail to la~ s1ege to Euna operations under cover of darkness.' and another. Amencan force was Early Munday fortresses , Havocs, landed by air transport south of Airacobras and Australian Beau- 1Buna to work north. fighters swarmed to the assault, ' Meantime, a Japanes flanking bombing and strafing the landing threat was wiped out by Allied area in a ceaseless shuttle service action in cleaning out a nest of between ship and shore. Every one Japanese in Milne bay, on the tio of of the enemy landing barges in the Papuan peninsula, and Allied one group of 20 was sunk or set forces occupied Goodenough island, afire. off the coast southeast of Buna. Barrels filled with ammunition, Allied airmen carried the war to oil and other supplies were lashed the Japanese supply lines with together with nets and attempts bombings of Lae and Salamaua, w~re made to float them to shore, and by smashing at Gasmata and but Allied. airmen_ said they had a Rab~ul in New Britain, and a t field day m sending them. to the Kavieng, in New Ireland. bottom in low-level strafmg atThrough all this they h ave taken tacks. . . . a heavy toll of Japanese aircrECft, Many of the ammumtion -f1lled warships, merchant-transport ships barrels were reported to have ex- and men. ' ploded with a mighty roar, destroying nearby barges loaded with ;:e~; The Detroit News P ictorial for November 29. 1942 and 1n f~:f Australian an<l Amencan soldiers inspect disab led J apanese tanks in New Guinea 1lon2: the line of march co wa r d Buna. roo s �Conference at Yalta Palace, Crimea ~-\~· '!-S 'Nobody Saw Them; They Were Heroes Just the Same' "Nobody saw them fight and no-: body saw them die, but they were heroes just the same." This sincere tribute, in praise of the men of the 32nd division at Sanananda, was made by Capt. Alfred Medendorp, 1914 Stafford ave., SW., and Capt. Russell J. Wildey, 833 Oakleight rd., NW., veterans of New Guinea campaign now home on leave. The two officers were eager to point out the heroic action of local men in their outfits who had received no mention in news dis- patches sent out during the Papuan campaign. + + + RE(1ALLING the march over the Owen Stanley mountains in which he commanded the antitank and cannon companie's which led the way, Capt. Medendorp mentioned the work of Sergeant Maurice DeMey of cannon company who "made a very creditable record :for himself iti the mountains. He was usually on reconnaissance and that meant playing hide and seek with Jap patrols in order to get information back to us." I + + + STAFF SERGEANT THERON ROSE shot the first Jap for the division. It happened on Nov. 7 during the Wairope patrol. "Every'one sa.w Rose's man :tall and that ~as the signal to begin firing," Medendorp said. Capt. John D, Shirley, commander ot I company, and Capt. Roger Keast, commanding ' antitank comany, who established the Sananana road block on Nov. 30, were perponal friends of the two _returned officers. "It took all day to put l:hat block through," they recalled, i"Those companies had to fight every inch of the way.'' I o; I THE DEAT~; these two officers-Keast was killed on Dec. 1 and Shirley on Dec. 2-were felt deeply by all their men. S/Sgt. Joseph J. Kramarz, another Grand Rapids man, met his death Dec. 6 while on a patrol lwith 80 men lead by Maj. Bert eeff and Capt. Wildey. They were ttempting to g-et through to the ad block. th18:te~~:~ ~~~lu~::tir~edS~ d L ester, l • t Sgt. Jack Wea- _g. Technical S1t.. Bert A. \w"skl. ·ndey was wounded. Dec. >n which won him the 'ed service cross. He g his men against a nded Jap sector and penetrate the enemy r being slopped gnce 1 I I Moments Are Lighter Now Home from three years' service in the South Paclftc, Grand Rapids Red Arrow men are pictured in sQme of their not--so-serious mo.. ments. Above, Capt, Russell J. Wildey (left) and Capt. Alfred Medendorp look over some notes the latter wrote concerning parts of the Papuan campaign. Below, Pvt. Don Miedema, left, and T-Sgt. LeRoy Stutherd-. right, do a pantomime of the old army song, Some Day I'm Going to Murder the Bugler. Pfc. Lyle Bieschke, center, was company bugler during their training period in Louisiana before going o'terseas, ----------------~---------by automatic fire from the front home were instructors at an am• and left flank. phibious training school. He was evacuated to Port Mores+ +- + by because of very serious wounds ON THE WAY home their ship and a few days later was joined stopped on the New Guinea coast there by Capt. Medendorp who had long enough for them to v:isit the to be sent back because of malaria. military cemetery at Soputa. This The two friends were "boarded cemetery now contains the graves out" of the regim'ent eventually of all the 32nd men who were killed because of malaria and at the during the Papuan campaign, time they left New: Guinea to come bodies having been moved there I ,-n Q ~ , ~ -a ~ •i:t:C:~C:.8'5~ ~ "'O ~o I~ '51B1ib~~'a ~ ~§S1t;& ...., a,~ ~§ .~ + + + THE LAST TIME the three servicemen saw each other in New Guinea was in a hospital at Port ~oresby. They next met in a mess hall at a camp in California, after dis~mbraking from the same troopship. All the way Jrom the south Pacific they had been on the eame bqat and not seen each other. "I was busy taking care of patients," explained Bieschke, who was assigned to the medical detachment after the Papuan campaign, He even gave a blood transfusion on the way back. . The White Cloud soldier will report back to his base in New Guinea, when his furlough is up, but the two local men will report to Miami Beach for reassignment. §1>:1~a,~~- ~filS~b~~ ~2 0 > ~:5 w ... E cv.;:!,rofo·@.µ}:~ ~.,; .:i"' f-.t3 r:g..c: •tn+>-::!...-,3"0 00 :g~_q:o~oo.S., ~~~~--"'§ = ,. . o,-u s:::>. .., i::i.ro::::: ..... 11. '"";.:! ~·tn ,ill '\ (I c3bE-<.:l 6'§;;:.,,;:is-~;;; ~..c; -~ r:: ... oNro.._....-.- ~.,,,gf ::§u~ ~u~~-:~· ] . ,.. 'O ...i •,-oi "1 ~ £"" ,,,,,,, 11111 i.i..-, CQ ,.!:c:' Ol--!~--oro.-. ::, S::: O 'O-" 0 _, <l.>;::::::.~O-' C t,:I b(lr{ Q) 0, 0 :>:, 0, - 1-~~E--i"O~ro'"§ t,:1""'. (1)....,.,,..., ~>0.1:bCJ~'j2°t: <1> H o, > '.2s:::s:;:E!EQ)~ ~b1) Q.)..,_,_c:.-. s:::·~0.C:VI+-':>:, - -Portrait of a General Keeping a Promise "1EP.!:!1.¥j~§&"o ...., w ro~E-, ~of ~~"C ""'"' s:; ::, VI - - ,.::; oos:; ro:!:j O .......... i:::ci::, t,:I~ o..c:.._;s • a, 0 .c: ..... 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O c;j::: .... e ~ '5 5 ~ mE ~ Prime Minister Win::;ton Churchill• (back io camera, lower left), Marshal Joseph Stalin <second from left around table) and President Franklin D. Roosevelt (right rim o( iahlc) with members of their staffs as they met jn ronferenc-e nt Yalta Palace, Crimea. To ihe left o( President Roosc\·eH are Adm. \-Villiam Leahy and Gen. George C. Marshall. (AP \V.ir€'pholo from Signal C0rp~). sf.~.,, 9i:::roi:::.C'O'O~ -g . "E-< -~ .!:i ;;E:.§"" ii!-~'"Ovi..!<~ro"O"O~ro~gi:::a>,2 .g'.s e z. .-~~ ~ 2 § ~ e ro'Orororoa,ro 3: ; g -g 1;; ~ ~ E~&1 ~os:;'t:$ . "::i ~ 'o E i:::~~o::ia>.c: Q.) s:;o,.c: +> o al.!'l -ti~£ t:~ .~-;;;,§J;! ;j., o ~ .,:.c; ci ... ~ ~i'"' :;-" ". ::,-5 ., ct;~ :.a "'-9 .,, ~:. "a~~~ ol=-=-o_!l., =•Q,. .- "' ~ U"\ ~ from Euna. from along the moun~ tain trail and wherever else they[' fell. Capt. Wildey disclosed the fact1 that the cemetery was on the exact location where the third battalion: was briefed before the Americans' made first contact with the Jap on the Sanananda track. "It is beautifully landscaped,'1 Medendorp added, "and a nativebuilt chapel is located centrally on the grounds. Bushes with flamecolored and yellow leaves are planted around the circular drives.''. The men drove down the road to the old main front and identifle'.'I several familiar points along the way. They even tound foxholes and slit trenches they had dug near the battalion command post. "It seemed queer to be standing upright, walking without caution and talking as loudly as we pleased," was their comment, They s t opped again for a moment at t h e cemetery on their way back to the ship. "We were in t h t;i, midst of a 1 host of friends and acquaintances-yet not a sound." Othe"r Red Arrow veterans who have returned recently include' Private First Class Lyle Bieschke,1 912 Arianna st., NW., and Private Don Miedema, 877 Crosby st., NW. They were accompanied home by Technical Sergeant LeRoy Stutherd o! White Cloud. Miedema was in the antitank company going over the mountains and the other two were in Shirley's company. The three were together in the road block for the 23 d:i,ys ihey were there. Just before Christmas their units were relieved and they went. back to the main lines to their :first hot meal Jn nearly a month. "Everyone of us got sick on that meal," they said. "We just ,weren't used to it." N O a:1~;::::::-~ ..... s:;,..::: Q.) u~rov, rof+:l > ro ,S .c: z;; "'i=: :::, Q)~~~::> ......~ro o.'Of-i,.o ~ i:;..C:VO~ Cl1 .... s:; ~ro~...5 ro!i~ ocat"".... oubnwro vO o :l vf--1 _, U E 0 b1l i-., f--! Zr - 0 Q.) - ...., t,:I P. bl)~ t':S 't1 ...... N O i:: s:; ro Q) roc-,;,..9~ o..C11.r::: N~AAc--:iro v,'O...., ~lO::, k Seated erect in his jeep, disregarding any danger, Gen. Douglas MacArthur crosses a span on hastily-constructed planks on top of a bombed-out bridge piling near Camiling, Luzon. The gen• eral was on his way to Manila to keep a three-year-old promise-·'! shall return." This is an offi .. cial United State Army SigE.4L. Corps ~~~otograph. �~-1'\-'t-S ,-~~·"' MacArthur's Troops Push on ~oward Manila Japs Massacre 60 More r z,9 ;,ontlaued f .>m Pare 1) tb .alions ot the 148th and 129th .try regiments met heavy fin Only 10 of 70 in ilfanila Church Refuge Escape Manila-(.4>)-The wanton slaying They were cut down after running of at least 60 priests and women a few steps. Still others reached st and children refugees in De La ~::rd ;~~'':[ap~?.d b~f~v!t!r!f~u;~: Salle coBege in :Manila's Malate tered on the stairs. Still others district by Japanese soldiers was reached the chapel before the Jap~~~e~~iu!:i~~d~~d]:~th recovery of anese killed them, at the doorway Of 70 persons caught in the college only 10 survived, said one of them, Fr. Francis J. Cosgrave, 47, a Redemptorist priest of Sydney, Australia. Fr. Cosgrave, recovering from two bayonet wounds in Santo Tomas hospital, said that until last Monday the Japanese garrison had remained in one wing of the col- a}~.e~~~g~:~~r:s!~~e~l~a:~matically. After the first attack he found himself under two or three others. He remained there until 10 o'clock that night. The'1, when all was quiet, he crawled painfully up the stairs into the chapel where he hid ; beneath the altar. Although suffering two chest bayonet wounds he remained hidden in the chapel , ~~~~ Ott concrete piJiboxes and upper otrs of battered buildings. Bo The First cavalry cUvlslon, rathe flnt unit to enter Manila 'a week" ago Saturday, now haa Joined the 31th In the flrht 900th of th9 Paalg. Headquarters disclosed the First cavalry • truck east through New Manlla and then south, crossing the Pasig river near San Pedro MakatJ "to operate in conjunction wttb the 37th division." New Manila ts a mile north of liberated Santo Tomas internment camp. 0 ~e;;• r':t~~!eie~~i~~~~p~hea:i:~:~~ ;~:~/~!~:s 8°n~'~!:~e~~a~~=~ 1 CORBEGIDOB BLASTED Then, last Monday, the Japanese for holy communion. He frequentIn the M~nila bay sector, where stormed into the priests' room as Iy crawled from his hiding place to Tokyo radio has reported th@ the religfous group and refugees administer extreme unction to , American navy is preparing an were finishing a simple lunch. those who were dying from wounds~ i entry, bombers blasted the island A Jap officer screamed some- Nearly half of the 70 victims were{ fortress ot Corregidor and Mart• thing, then fired point-blank with women and chi1dren, many of them velea on th~ south tip ot Bataan a pistol. Then 20 Japanese soldiers babies who died whi1e reaching to- penln• ula with 101 tons of explocharged into the sobbing, terrified ward the protection of their par- live•• throng of yictims, firing guns and ents' hands. Some had been bayoDespite the bitter • tow fight slashing right and left with their neted repeatedly. within Manila, where large 1ectora bayonets. Ten ot the victims were be1ie\·ed of non-mnttary structures have Bodies of the victims were found to be American priests. The othC'rs been bla• ted and tired by the eneas they fell in the blood•smeared included 14 German 2 Irish broth• my, today'• communique 1ald the interior or what once was a mod- ers of the Christia,; Brothers or• • ttuatlon Is improving. ern coUege. Some evidently raced der, a Spanish family. a prominent "The spirit and morale ot the out into the :flrstafl.;;o~o;;:_ r __:_h:::a::: !l.: " .: 'a.::, y;_ • .:F;,,;i:;; li,:; P:.: in:.:o.:J:·u .::.:d:::g.: • ..:•:.:n:::d.:2:..;;d.: o::.; ct.o,_ r s••___ civilian population remain at the 1 highest," headquarter• aald. A g-roup of Genc-ral MacA1·thur's Philippine in,·adc-rs and church on the way to Manila on thC' island of Luzon. Yank troop~ han• ml"t Yery 1ittlc ll!erious oppoc.;ilion from the Japs so far, though it is reported that some Japan<'~e units have Janderl to the rE'ar o[ th<' American lin<'!ii. FOOD IS AMPLE MICH., TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 1945.-H "There la ample food and relief agencies are active and efficlenl Order ls maintained." The movement of the First cav. airy at Manila tends to curl an arm around the embattled southern sector. In addition to moving cloae to San Pedro Makati, its patrols were report e d operating through the Mariklna valley to the east ot the city. , A continuing tough tight In the auburban • area on the 1outhern edge of :Manila was Indicated by the communique reporting the 11th airborne division ..ls clearing Nichols field." Those Yanks reached Nichols field, at the edge or Pasay, a week ago today. MUSKEGON< pital Ponders esident's Left ; f Center Course "BIG TIIBEE" CONFERS IN CRIMEA-Prime Minister Churchill, President Roosevelt and Premier Stalin, left to right, pose for a photo in an interval at their conference at Yalta on the Crhnean coast. (Associated Press Wirephoto). On all 11n, were tile 'frlenda and time overdue.• comradu t'lf the dark da:,a of Ba+ + + taan and Corregldor and among Tbe pneral vll!te<I .,,,ry • ectlon the llrr. of thoH to reach hi• aide of the prl• on and oent' offlc..-. wu the wife of Brig. Gen. earl ahead to ten the liberated men he Sealea of Birmingham, Ala., :Mac- wanted no one to at.and at attenArth\lra former adjutant general tlon. lmprl• oned In Japan with Lt. Gen. "I don't need any guard• here.'' Jonathan Wainwright. he said, "and I don't want &nYon• Clasping the slim woman fn a 1tandtng at attention. I am among warm embrace, General MacArthur my- own men. I &Ill one ot them.'' laid: To the 1>rl1oners, the men bound 0 Well, Marraret, you look ftne-a to him by the commonly • hared little thin-bu~ ~~"!,~~~• and deapalr of Bataan, The cruh ot American arttnery ..1 owe you a Jot. Now that rm ftre • book the building, machine- tlnalty here rm going to do everyruna chattered trom position• along thing I can to get you aH home th~ rtm ot the camp and choking quickly as poa• lble. You're all gocloud• of 1moke from the blazing Ing home and you've got Iota of downtown aectlon of the city drift- happy • urprlae• coming." ed over as General MacArthur + + + • tood in the center of the cheering General MacArthur'• tour of the crowd, an apparently obllvtou1 of prison was conducted by Capt. the battle 1tsht1 and aounds. Fred 0. Nasr, dental officer InterA brief, dramatic ftag ralalng nee, of Omaha, Neb. ceremony waa carried out ln front He plied Capt Nur with qui •ot the bu1ldtng and General Mac- tlons about the prison and • hook ft!•·: = to C:.d..t., Clal'll :.w do tral LUSOIC>th J P prlaon th: i!zon army ~ rowa on rows of ot the victim• of march" were llt beer bottles canou the~ b the brut Y + + Making no attemi deep emotion, Genera saluted twice over beaten cl'088es in E cemetery. He then le Unea of sorrow fl grimly set face. After the general h' Chief Pharmact• t J Kentner, of Buffalo, J an honor. "I wu the fl.rat mt bid prison to • hake General MacArthur/' he IL ~,1~ I:~-;!!! 0 • ., •.5 g :i.:a i ... .s;ij I: "'..: ~ 0 1~ ! .,j E ~ c.5 \I) ~ I Oo ' rl D. ~ ~BH .S';jil: I:! .ll.!! !Ia Ci i ::E Lo;: ~c. u u ·cut .!:~!~~ u;; • •;; r.Z"S,ta_,,; ::s ., C p; ::E,s.,1·· I: .st~ j Ill j c( !!! 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NO • • • •sdno.cf 01- Juµ.taJa.X 1IJ 1ent1d eql Ju1sn AJ.t'8Jn,jUJS u'SJ88U .mo Ol .ioq.nrq i'IJ8.d &Jill suOOo,, UOJ.109 eq1, Pl'BS .fflltl.IV.>1JW ·.1-eaA "8 neq 1sowre Uoztt'l uo uaaq p-eq sa.>JOJ UOJS"BA -uJ .11aql 1nun h-eq aql asn Ol 01q-e -un &'B.M. 1aau esau'8d-e.r aq.r. ·pu1J1s1 J8&.""1 aozn'l papvAuJ .1nqpyo'BN .ialJ'B l(aa.M. 'I? -pu'8 ql,txOUI 'B l88lJ sa+'81S pa:JlOfi eq1, 0l Avq 'BtlUt?W auado ,oppluio::> 10 :;I::>NVllJlO:;IS • • • ·s.iadooJl'B-l'Bd aql tflJ.M. &Jnl -~unr '.IJllii.i '8 pa1oaii:a pu'8 pU'BIUJ -pa:>U'BAP"II uaUlA..llUBJUJ tfltC:: 8tf.L ·pa+-e1a.1 a.1ap'8nbpl!aq ,/uon'8001sJp a+a1dwoo o+u!,, UOSJl.Il3i asauoddJN 8l{l A\8.It{l •>1u11,._ 5unq~!l-CillVH :;IS:i!H;t (1 0511.1 wo,1 panunuo()) Jop16aJJOJ Manila- (JP) - Unopposed Ame can invasion of Samal island, j of! captured Davao City, was nounccd Thursday as bitter :fig ing rage-d on the Mindanao ma Itnd, where doughboys sought outflank a Japanese force whi has virtually isolated a Yank b talion. Meanwhile the Australian-Du campaign on Tarakan island, Borneo, neared completion. allies held all of Tarakan Ci seized strategic 'Api hill, and clo in on the Djoeata oil field. T already have the big Pamoesian lleld. Yank, Prote<'t Flank. Toklo radio reported Ameri 1\egro troops were fighting Tarakan. Elemcn ts of Maj. Gen. Ros Woodruff's 24th infantry divl invaded Samal island Tuesday protect the American flank in drive up the Davao gulf co There were few, if any, Japan believed to be on the island. Other units of the 24th divls established a bridgehead ~. cross Talomo river, west of Davao C in a flanking move to liquidate Japanese force which, in a count auack Monday, almost ringe United States battalion. There no further word on how this talion was faring. The 31st division under Maj. Clarence Martin advanced se miles eastward from Kibawe, central Mindanao, while ano col urnn moved northward and gaged a Japanese force near southern airstrip of the Mara airdrome. Red Arrows Advance. Elsewhere in the Philippines 25th and 37th divisions on north Luzon fought fiercely as they proached the important Ba pass in an encircling move. 32nd division advanced 700 y along t1i'e Villa Verde trail nea East of Manila, the 43rd divi speared within three miles of dam, source ol at least one-thir the capital's water. �RED ARROW OFFICERS SING PRAISES OF UNS UN~ NEW GUINEA FIGHTERS 'Nobody Saw Them; They Were Heroes Just the Same' 6- "Nobody saw them fight and no-, body saw them die, but they were heroes just the same." This sincere tribute, in praise of the men of the 32nd division at Sanananda, was made by Capt. :i,t,, - 4- s Alfred Medendorp, 1914 Stafford ave., SW., and Capt. Russell J. Wildey, 833 Oakleight rd., NW., veterans of New Guinea campaign now home on leave. The two officers were eager to point out the heroic action of local men in their outfits who had received no mention in news dispatches sent out during the Papuan campaign, + + + RE(JALLING the march over the Owen Stanley mountains in which he commanded the antitank and cannon companiel:s which led the way, Capt. Medendorp mentioned the work of Sergeant Maurice DeMey of cannon company who 1 • made a very creditable record for himself in' the mountains. He was usually on reconnaissance and that meant playing hide and seek with Jap patrols in order to get information back to us." + + + STAFF SERGEANT THERON ROSE shot the first Jap for the division. It happened on Nov. 7 during the Wairope patrol. "Everyone saw Rose's man :fall and that was the l!lignal to begin firing," Medendorp 21aid, Capt. John n. Shirley, commander of I company, and Capt. Roger Keast, commanding · antitank company, who established the Sanananda. road block on Nov. 30, were personal friends of the two returned officers. "It look all day to put that block through," they recalled~ "Those companies had to figPt every inch of the way." + + + Moments Are Lighter Now THE DEATHS of these two ofHome from three y0ars' service in the South Paclftc, Grand ltapficers-Keast was killed on Dec. lds Red Arrow men are pictured in some of their not--so-serlous mo-1 and Shirley on Dec. 2-were felt ments. Above, Capt. Russell J, Wildey (left) and Capt. Alfred Medeeply by all their men. S/Sgt. Joseph J. Kramarz, an- dendorp look over some notes the latter wrote concerning parts of the Papuan campaign. Below, Pvt. Don Miedema, left,, and T-Sgt. other Grand Rapids man, met his death Dec. 6 while on a patrol LeRoy Stutherd) right, do a pantomime of the old army song, Some Day I'm Going to Murder the Bugler. Pfc. Lyle Bieschke, !th 80 men lead by Maj. Bert eeff and Capt. Wildey. They were center, was company bugler during their training period in Loulsl.. ttempting to &et through to the ana. before going overseas. ad block. ther local men mentioned in ntervlew included lit Sgt. by automatic fire from the front home were instructors at an am• phibious training school. d I.eater, lit Sp Jack Weo- and left flank. d Technical S1t. Bert A. He was evacuated to Port Mores• + + + ski, by because of very serious wounds ON THE WAY home their 1hlp ildey was wounded. Dec. and a few days later was joined stopped on the New Guinea coast on which won him the there by Capt. Medendorp who had long enough for them to v.isit the ed service cross. He to be sent back because of malaria. military cemetery at Soputa, This g his men against a The two friends were 1 'boarded cemetery now contains the graves ended Jap eector and out' 1 of the regim·ent eventually of a.11 the 32nd men who were killed penetrate the enemy because of malaria and at the during the Papuan campaign, r being stopped once time they left Nev..'.'. Guinea to come bodies having been moved there from Buna, :from along the mountain trail and wherever elBe they fell. Capt. Wildey disclosed the fact that the cemetery was on the exact location where the third battalion was briefed before the Americans made first contact with the Japs on the Sanananda track. "It is beautifully landscaped,'' Medendorp added, "and •a native-, built chapel is located centrally on the grounds. Bushes with flam colored and yellow leaves are planted around the circular drives.'' The men drove down the road to the old main front and identifle,;:l several familiar Points along the way. They even ~ound foxholes and slit trenches they had dug near the battalion command post. "It seemed queer to be standing upright, walking without caution and talking- as loudly as we pleased," was their comment. They stopped agaht for a moment at the cemetery on their way back to the ship. ';We were in the midst of a host of frlend1 and acquaintances-yet not a sound." Othe'r Red Arrow veterans who have returned recently include Private First Class Lyl~ Bieschke, 912 Arianna st., NW., and Private Don Miedema, 877 Crosby st., NW, They were accompanied home by Technical Sergeant LeRoy Stutherd of White Cloud. Miedema was in the antitank company going over the mountains and the other two were in Shirley's company, The three were together in the road block for the 23 dayfi lhey were there. Jul!t before Christmas their units \ were relieved and they went- back to the main lines to their first hot meal in nearly a month. "Everyone of us got sick on that meal," they said. "We just ,weren't used to it." + + + THE LAST TIME the three servicemen saw each other in New Guinea was in a hospital at Port M;_oresby. They next met in a mess hall at a camp in California, after dist?mbraking from the same troopship. All the way Jrom the south Pacific they had been on the 15ame boat and not seen each other. "I was busy taking care of pa,. tienta," explained Bieschke, who was assigned to the medical detachment after the Papuan campaign. He even gave a blood transfusion on the way back. . The White Cloud soldier will report back to his base in New Guinea when his furlough is up, but the two local men will report tg Miami Beach for reassi~nment. · • 'Big Three' 1n Conference at't-S Yalta Palace, Crimea ~-13· ~rime Minister Win:-;wn Churchill• (back to camera lower Jeft) M h • President. Franklin D . .Roosevelt (right rim of lab! ) b ' f ars_ al Joseph Stalm (.second from left around table) and To the left of President. Roosevelt are Adm Willtant L;~~ m~mG ers ~ the1r staffs as they met in conference at Yalla Palace, Crimea. · Y an en. eorge C. Marshall. (AP \Virf'p!ioto .frnm Signal Corps). -'-th. �SIXTIETH YEAR TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 1945 **** PRICE FIVE CENTS YANKS ARE APIDL Y CLEARING ENEMY THO S FROM. MANILA . ' .............. Gen. Do dared M, "'Howe.er,H hu-Aadded ftnniy, Surviving laps' Doom Is Sealed "we ahall not rest until the enemy la completely defeated. "Japan fa oar ftnal goal, and our motto la 'on to Tokyo.'., The commander of the Am.er,,. lean Army of Liberation In Manila sent the message to Bilibid Prison Captured and 1,350 Prisoners Liberated President Roosevelt In reply to the President's message to the Fillplno people on the fall of lllanlla. By C. YATES McDANIEL ABSIE, 1111111 la'-it = ~ ~ ,.......... ; • flll'4 1l r/1"\ f-t ~ \I..J ~ u i /11111111 W'-1 ~ ;z Q ~ c..') ! E1 i 3 ! ': 5 i 1 ! 8~;=12,gif~:;~~-s fail.cc. =~_s ... ;;,.-Q,) . G,)g= ::i!!i t .. ~~~iasr.=s~~-=.!: § i~~ ;~Q- g ~~ ~ r-i_ e OG,)01:1 ~!:=.! fil,8].,;; =~ 11]:a...,c-,..! go ~~.ctfai -~G)-=•--c0.c: 0 °J Gl~CIII R'.!::: ~-c,~ ~!f§"'-5•t; 0 l;:t ~~~bE~~Q;===tcic;,> E-tC.t.t1•...... » .::~..., c E,,f~ ~ ci,3'.G.)::.CG,)0 :c ..~ .!: !: ~ ~ ~- ~ ~ : 3 ~ G,) .. e;....., ... 0.~---=.8 = Q,)-.c: Cl:!! ~II! ~ 1.e i ·; ~~:.::-<;.e~~ ~.::: rf) 'Cl 0 L la'-it ~ I T IIS _Two of the_ main bridges span- ::: i ::E ~ - I ~ s::' if::; 3 "g f! .5 ~ ~ ~.e i ~~ ; 'i !;l ,2§ ~" t: _g ] ~ en s ~ ,.,,,, tM 0 ., .o ~t ca "0 ctJ O .t:l _ C:S c "iii .~ ~ >. w ntng the Pas1g river through the center of Manila were blown up by the enemy. These were the beautiful Quezon bridge and a structure named the Ayala, to the south. . On the wes~ern Luzon front thP. .., ·;Americans gamed complete control 2 ot the ba~e of the Bataan peninw ~suia, trapping any Japanese in that :5 ~rea. ·- - - ci, _, 5 'g b ] - ;, 'g .S :f t= ct1 ~ O 'E 'g ~ ~ ~ ,8-§. .c: C1> .c; ~ .!( 0 _, ~ =; i ~ ~ g c .c E: _g :: 'tu ::: _: ~ e.o ~ 2 :5 •- c Cl.I :, ::> ~~ it: f; .c Eo ,8 .~ ;; . ;:: O - .c: l:: F ~ f ~ ~ ~ o i:: i:i...., - ~ 2 g 2 ci, >...., 4"1 "o S ; p., 8 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ £ w ~ rii .o ;; -g ~ ~ 1 @ t ·m ,!I:: ·s;: :t: o .c = s:; . > i> "' w i... t: ·- ..c ::: 5 • ~.., Cl.I g 2, Cl.I £ ~ ~ 'ci 'fl ~ i ::=: .c 5 ° ~ :. . fil >. . "CJ - Es:: :is:: ""iii"'§ "0 "'tis .... >. o i... ~ c.ci~ E ;;; ~ c::: 0 :§. -I' :i g.:3 -~ ,:: >. 'ci 0 - .g ;; -o b _, '5 .2: ~ ~ - >. :~: ·-:3 .....c: E11 g-;a ctJ > '0 "'.o >-. - "Cl~ c: .c ..c ht~ ~o .8 f C: :e ...... c::: ~ 0Ill ~ «I.!::.'~ ~~ =.s~uc s15c•~-~-= ~-- •~ ~ I'.!~ t 411 ~ Cl.I o := CJ ~ ~ "t ~ ~:: 1 § ~ o:.~ • .5::g ::5 ~-nt;:S ~,!I:: ~.o ,,0,J;) i... i:; _ui O ~ ;::s .... .a"; 1: o ii~ I :f :! ;,,.g ~ ~~ C: C gg_s"o ii~; ..... 5 ~ bO~ :a ~ §~·;·f:: J. ., V; :5 i S. . .5 CJ·-< -5 e: = k.J - - .... - ~ -~ Cl) t·-Q.)'Ek~f-,-~ ,ou .8-:::c:: 411 asaso= ,::u,4)0 -z~?.!::~ Q.) _as'-'~ ~ . ! I t '"'fo ~::;..c:111i i ci,:::ig";jc..bCP--cb~ ~ 1-o tllla:sf;a ... (l.):: .... ....,Q)U:::.~o oC::o.Sc: bO e- =~.e.e-cri:u,VQ.)s:;.S=:g.~jro!;uN ..,~.s:gt::~.s-gq:l u ~....,·§'~:oo ~ § ft 8 ~ _ ~ ~ -~ ~ ~ i -5 ~ e~ 0 .g-; cd Q II) ... .... ;;_«I-;' a c5~ Q) ; ~g:~~~'g ~ ~~ ~ f ~ ~ ~ f ,::~~ O~(l.)§o:1,,:,'0~~..c::t:o=i8asc::~; "" cii ~ -~ ~.~ "' s...., E..... ~..... ;; ·as o 3:Eil ~=i~ t·C ~ ~ t § f ~ 1: 'g E ~ "g .c °8 ~ v-v,-o ....,ce<~. cc ~ :C :E 8 imminent. the Eighth army, 1n a forced march of 35 miles, drove into the east Saturday night followed by the th division from the 37 north. The 37th division seized vermininfested Bilibid, 10 b!ocks south ot _S anto Tomas, whose internees were saved by the First cavalry. The three-way push left the J'apaneae no avenue of escape other, than in the direction of Manila bay, an area under the constanJ bombsights of American planea. An NBC broadcast quote ce ... Cl) «I~ cd .~-=~ ~ogi .... ro.5(2.)c: _oi..r.,..c:O\;a::.;;;-;:;c.i..c:(l.)'C!li g'"' ~~·2.5 t>s ~ ~ ~ .s O ;; eg,c~<t: .EBS::iwQ)<~-~2 c: C:-'~o~sc:: ·EA . '0 ~~a g_~.g ~ s &> 5-~ ~ ~ ~ g~ ·C g ~:.: » "o-g ~~ bllf;~ ~..c:g•~....,~~:.; ~.C ~.5~ ~~ s ze :5 5:: ~obll~A:,r.::.::ain&.c-'J;)~.g_g.o~~~~ b('"C ~ c: Cl) • O' Ill ... u - Cl ......... '0 i::. ::=: -o u O as ~ ~-o,S~-5~.c;a5.!t:·a;~"v!:lE ~;.so:12 ~ <8«1 ~ ... ........ g o 'vi... .....t Eu:::i...i...~ ? ~ § §-~ :2 .S f; ~ ~ ~ ~ blJ ~ uoo- ... 1-:i~~-=Q1 . . . I.First the city from the south after the cavalry had penetrated from ~Q)o~ v.:.;::.S.,...c:"::1.,C::'-<E~:::iS :,::5 .... '"'~ E..c:U!. ... :5 - : : 0 ~ _ ,,:,~·.-."gtij . The_ 11th airborn~ d1v1s1on of ~ ~ c:;~ g 11 ! ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ 2·~ :i ~:;a~ tii .5 f-o i :E 6 ; t ~ g ~ 5-g.... c::: ~ : ~: i ~= ~·~~:-o~ o·a as-g ~ti'g~.S-b b. '0 ~~-g ~.c UJ=§ :~ ~~ :~t.g . 5:u.~ ... z1g.s:::s~~ di;:>~~~-]8.oe~. ~f~~..: 0 r: Associated Press Writer .s . . . • ] :a'g=.s~~]~B co•all)-t~ .... ~ ~ ~ Cl) :s;g 51,ffl er.:.$ t :i:: ~ broadcasting station in Europe, th as saying the I MANILA (Tuesday) - As a three-way trap doomed any Japanese regldor. are wi drawing to Cor- Japanese within the city, Gen • Douglas MacArthur today hailed One temporary haven oould be "the fall of Manila" where liberating Yanks have added 1,350 Bataan peninsula, where Amer!- Allied prisoners held at filthy Bilibid penitentiary to the more cans andndFllipinos made their he- than 3,700 saved at Santo Tomas. 1942 role. sta announced In · Today's A triumphant of the five-star general made it mumque Eighth comand . . proclamation . . Sixth army columns have junctured clear the hberat10n 1s, 1n the broadest sense, already accomat the base of the peninsula and plished with three Yank divisions "rapidly clearing the enemi control all roads leading into it, from Manila." He said destruction of all surviving Nippone~ IIP ___,, American E -~3 6 ~.c < __~0 fv,_,ei,_,~ o ~ 1 :-;: Tokyo', New hur Motto 1_____ ' 1 �GRAND SIXTIETH YEAR RAPIDS, MICH., MONDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1945 **** PRICE FIVE Clillrn MacArthur Bae in Philippine Cit S,000 CJVlLIANS IN pRJ.SON Santo Tomas is perhaps the area in Manila cluaest to the' hearts of Americans and British. Within Santo Tomas th< American and British civilians - 3,000 men and women &' one time - have waited deliverance for three long yean Liberation of the prisoners began unmediately Sund&: Santo Tomas Concentration Camp Taken; 1st Cavalry Leads It was just three years and six weeks ago that the las• night; units of MacArthur's tired outnumbered Filipino and A.mer· ican forces the cavalry capital. and 37th infantry divisions al· With theleft First ready within Manila, a new paratroop invasion behind enemY' lines in Batangas province spearheaded the 11th airbOrne' division's drive along a straight, downhill road 18 miles f By C. YATES McDANIEL GENERAL MAC ARTHUR'S HEADQUARTERS, Luzon (Monday) UP) - American troops reached the heart of Manila yesterday and raised the Stars and Stripes over the great Philippine capital for the first time in· more than three years. Yanks of the hard-hitting First cavalry division, in a wide encircling move by dark, entered the city Saturday nigh· against harassing sniper fire and quickly captured Malacanan palace and the large Santo Tomas concentration camp where thousands of Americans and British civilians were internee The northern half of Manila, Pearl of the Orient, was i' American hands as elements of the First cavalry and 37t: infantry division, the latter entering from the north, presse~ for the knockout. the southern fringes of the city. FIRST CAVALRY LEADS The First cavalry division, lighting in memory of thei former commander, Lt, Gen. Jonathan W. Wainwright who: was captured by the invading Japanese in early 1942, wa: 1 theGen, iirstMacArthur's to enter Manila, triumphant communique Sunday saio advance units of the First cavalry were guarding the Santo Tomas internees "while the rem.tinder of the division I~' coming up Tokyo from the east." reported that American fore, (Radio strangely had been "cut off" in the Clark lield area - 40 miles nor of Manila - and "are now on the verge of being isolated. The enemY radio made no mention of MacArthur's entr1, NORTH PART OF CITY TAKEN into Manila,) SNIPER FIRE JlEAVY MacArthur reported that considerable harassing snipe: lire was being encountered in Manila "and the enemY seem•, , to be attempting demolition destruction." ·------" smoke had been observed over the city's great waterfroal ~M Bet. "I u"" YW"' .,,ro~""'· ;,ruooOn•"" ··- an,-· k d •-•• ,~k ,.,snti~ '"~ '"" ''"'• • ••~•i '" It Lo 0 >•e•• > R••••" Bri•~ A.-,,, P<= oo•-•"'"'• _ .......,.~.::.••™• "-• re fhe ,~"" " ' ' Fm¢= mm "'"'" ,,,. """ ""' ,...,., ::,;-' =P ,!:""""" • '!: ••, •• ~, • ,"- • ,., ~,m.,• '"' •"""..,. ,..,... P ~-•~'"'II:...,;,,/;;:.~•• :,.:: -••• M, ,u<-"~' ...,, ",ooo~., M••""' • - ~-.. •.;. ';:" ,. --,.~• "·"'° ,.,- -""~· . ~•·--""'"""'"-- ,,,.,, ,,... ... In buildings. FR()M. NORTll AND sollTll This 11th airborne group seized T;,.gaytay in a parachute maneuver. This 2,000-foot heights dominates the Cavite naval base and ftne roads to Manila from the south, Thus, just 26 days after the initial invasion at Luzon at Lingayan gulf, Gen. MacArthur was back in the great com· ---~ monwealth capital. ~ . ,. ..~ ·- The Japanese in the northern part of the city offered no major stand, but explosions were heard and fires were seen south of the wide and deep Pasig river barrier which splits the city in two. The Japanese may put up a bitter and bloody fight for the historic and commercial center of Manila, but for those who might survive, there will be no escape. While the 37th division cautiously pushed through the Grace park airdrome from the north Saturday night, Fi cavalry spearheads circled into the city from the east an, Sunday morning reached Santo Tomas university grol.lllds' and threw . a protective cordon around it's concentration Japs Took Over army headquarters of the commanding general Dispatches Monday moriilng Indicated that the Japanese had deployed several thousand troops along the south of the Pasig river, the south bank of which is reportedly heavily fortified. e•m~•---------- j �... AND HERE IS ACTION ON THE NEW GUINEA FRONT , Nunica Soldier Dies"--2.0 in Action -If-').,_ Three more men were added to the growing list of war casualties in area of Grand Rapids and vi• cinity, according to word received here late Saturday. Lieut.. Edwin J. Nummer of Lowell, and Pfc. Abraham Bolle, Grand Rapids, were wounded, while a third, Pfc. William F. Roth, Nunica, was killed in action. Pfc. · Roth, 22, son of Mr. and Mrs. Glen Roth of Nunica, was killed in action on Dec. 4, according to a 'statement from the war department which reached the par• ents late last week. Formerly employed by Jarvis company, metal concern of this city, Private Roth left thei~· service upon induction into th~ ::i.rmy in April, 1941. He received his training at Camp Liv• ingston, La., and in Boston, Mass. From Boston, he was sent to San Francisco, Cal., and later overseas to Australia. Surviving are the parents, five l!listers, Uldine, Doris, 107 Packard ave., SE., Frances, Jean, Ruth and three brothers, Max, Richard and Raymond. Pfc. Bolle,, 22, son of Mrs. M. Bolle, 36 Stormzand pl., NE., entered service in October, 1940, and has seen overseas service since last spring in the Pacific area, where he was wounded in action. Two brothers of the wounded soldier are also in militray service, Pvt. Orrie Balle, 40, at Camp Shelby, Miss., and Sgt. Leonard Balle, 28, who is in the southwest Paci.fie front. Lieutenant Nummer was slightly injured somewhere in the south Pacific region, according to word received by his wife Saturday. Mr•. Nummer is a former army l ~ -40 -'f- 3,. Associated Press Wirephoto~ A YANK (left), Pv't. Earl Albin, of Plainview, Neb., watches as Aussies blast away at the Japs. The Aussies fire a three• inch mortar from a foxhole near the fighting lines where Allies have scored victories. IAllie~).r..Y~~i Drive in Newuumea UNITED NATIONS HEAD· QUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA. (Wednesday) (INS) - In a smas~ing drive through Japanese positions in the Buna battlefront of northeastern New Guinea, American and Australian jungle fighters widened a wedge on the. Jap ri~ht PFC. WILLIAM ROTH Nations h1gh command announced Tuesday. On the left flank, a Japanese I strongpoint containing 13 bunkertype pillboxes was leveled in & dusk attack Monday by AJiled ground troops, which moved in to mop up the captured ground after repulsing a weak enemy counter- 1 attack. Meanwhile, airmen of Lieut. Gen. George C. Kenney's command car• · ried out an extended attack on the Jap--held airdrome at Kavieng, New Ireland. Large fires were set by the raiding medium bombers, and one blaze burned for an hour and a flank, the United I ha.g~spite heavy anti.aircraf~. ftre from Jap ground batteries, all Allied bombers returned to their base, it was announced. Other medium bombers blasted the Jap airfield at Gasmata, New Britain, while heavy bombers eet ft res in the dispersa I areas or the Lae airdrome, 125 miles north of Buna, on New Guinea. I I I l nurse. She met and married the lieutenant while both were in service in Louisiana. He has been in service since October, 1940. Lieutenant Nummer's parents reside on a farm east of LoweU. He has two brothers in the armed forces, Pvt. L. J. Nummer of Camp Forest, Tenn., and Pvt. Oscar Nummer, in an evacuation hospital in the southwest Pacific. �TIN HATS By Stanton ls~est Christmas Pr';s~n""l for Americans on Buna Front Was Bundle of Home Mail A huge consignment of mail provided the best Christmas presents for American troops on th~ Euna front in New Guinea, according to a dispatch received today from George Moorad, American Red Cross representative in that area. Under giant palm trees, as U. S. artillery kept the Japanese on the jump along the Papuan coast, the American soldiers munched dried fruit and hard candy on Christmas eve, and talked about Christmas at home. along the Buna front. There are no gaily lighted Christmas trees, no holiday rejoicing among the men in jungle green. Around us are the eerie noises made by night insects, broken now and then by the crump of heavy artillery, But across the path near the mess tent a group of men softly sing ''Silent Night, Holy Night, All Is Well, All Is Bright." 'rheir cigarets glow softly under the giant palms. thre!=l of us, Red Cross workers, hj.ve spent Uie day in lines which Sfretch around the besieged Jap garrison supervising the distribuBy GEORGE MOORAD tion of American Red Cross packWITH THE AMERICAN ages. We saw natives carrying big FORCES IN NEW GUINEA (Delayed) - It is Christmas eve boxes along the sago swamps, men Movies in the dugout tonight? Geee~I hope they have a good ol' Western THRILLER!" ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Sunday)-(lP> -The Allies' ground troops in New Guinea have captured Cape Endairdere to the east o1 Buna village and Flying Fortresses have sunk a Jap cruiser near Madang, Gen. MacArthur's communique reported today. marching to the front with rifles and Christmas boxes. We sat in foxholes fn captured enemy pillboxes with soldiers munching dried fruit, har'd candy, and talking about Christmas at home~ [ Best Of all Christmas presents in this area was the huge consignment of mail sent up to the very front lines. I saw one lad with 20 1etters, some dated Dec. 11. Another just 50 yards from the Japanese positions, was disgusted. 1 ' Me in the jungle and my girl gets married.'' he mourned. We spent the night at an American receiving hospital 500 yards behind the lines. Capt. J. C. Campbell, whose wife is an American Red Cross worker in Great Britain, told me they were "burning up" their supply of blood plasma. It is particularly needed here because malaria makes direct transtusiort Jmpractlcal and also because of the many abdominal wounds which make feeding impossible. Maj. George Marks of Boston, commanding officer, said he was grateful tor the surgical dressings made by American Red Cross volunteers, but said his supplies were running low. He showed me boxes of dressings trom Portland, Ore., Detroit, Mich., and other cities. This portable hospital is revolutionizing wartime practice with major surgery along the front lines. Medical officers with whom I spoke credited their remarkable success primarily to the quick use of sulfa drugs and the b lood plasma contributed by thousands o! Americans back home. American soldiers inspect what was le!t 0.f a Jap. f<;>od supply dump after an American bomb hit. One soldier 1s examining the construction of some lap bicycles. __,,_-~~-~~~~=----------------- This curly-headed Guinea native helps oil on trucks. ~,_,i.:1nra1 rress UNITED STATES TROOPS STOP TO STUDY MAP IN NEW GU'!NEA~ \1. •:ll•~ Huge transport planes flew American troops across New Guinea to the Gona-Bun& area.- But before the soldiers reached Buna they had to hike through the tropical jungle for six days. This trio ef .United States officers is shown looking over map 1n the heart of. the jungle and checking the ·route before going on to capture the vital Jap-held b~es. This is a phonephoto. �Jap Toehold Menooed, The capture of the airstrip and 1Rout Japs From triangle left the Japanese only two major points of resistance in the Buna Barricades Yank Troops Capture. Series of 13 Fortified Bunkers rn "Bloody Triangle"; Find One Enemy Soldier Operating 8 Guns Foe Still Is Resisting Fiercely (By Associated Pr<!ss.) Hard .. fighting American troops in New Guinea were offic~lly credited Wednesday with the capture of the 41 bloody triangle,''" a series of 13 fortified bunkers bitterly defended by the Japanese, while other allied forces slowly closed a trap around the enemy's narrow beach corridor at Buna. • - --Front• line dispatches said the Americans drove out the Japanese piecemeal and then inflicted heavy casualties in beating off an enen;,:y counterMattack. With the smashing of the Japanese barricades, Euna airfield, from which Japanese bombers and Zeros once started raids on allied bases, fell completely into Amer• ican and Australian hands. , _3.-,..3 The field, now overgrown with tall jungle grass, was occupied ALLIED HEADQUARTERS fully as the American artillery, firIN AUSTRALIA (Sunday) UP) ing at point•blank range, smashed --General Douglas MacArthur the enemy's defensive bunkers. announced today that assaults Find \Vrecked Planes. have broken the back of Jap Only wrecked enemy bombers, resistance in the Buna area of their bright orange rising sun em .. New Guinea. blems still glistening in the sun, The noon communique, her• and damaged Zeros remained o:ri alding the approach of . co~u,e once•important field. American piete triumJlh for the Alhes m planes long ago had made it untheir bid for control of all usable for enemy planes with northeast New Guinea, also an• nounccd another devastating frequent bombings. Jeeps were moving up and down raid on Lae, above Buna. Huge fires were started at the airstrip within hours after its that Jap-held port where capture, hauling supplies, f~r the allied troops, who consohdated earlier in the week P -38s hacl their holdings and moved forward swept aerial interceptors from to attack new enemy positions. the sky after which bombers The fierceness of the Japanese deand attack planes sowde~ ~ fense was illustrated when Ameri1 struction ,mong groun e can soldiers mopping up one sector units and installations. found a single Japanese operating eiaht machine•guns by means of st;ings and wires rigged in a series. "Mopping up of captured positions is in progress," Gen. Douglas MacArthur's headquarters announced. "Our troops expaij.ded their initial wedge still farther to the west." · · I BULLETIN Cord on Buna Bag Tightens Buna area-the Buna government station and Giropa point where they may make their final stand. The triangle was formed by a fork in the trail which branched to Buna village and the government station. Thf.: bitterly-defended bunker triangle, about 1,500 yards from the coast, had been bypassed earlier in the allied drive toward the Buna government station. It was surrounded by allied troops several days ago, after tanks and infantry had forged ahead to smash through to the coast and then turn westward to advance to the end of the main Buna air strip. Enemy pockets in the area were reported being slowly squeezed to Allies Drive Wedge Into Japs, Narrow Pocket of Defense \ 1. - ~, - 't-:1.. UNITElD NATIONS HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Thursday) (INS)-Allied troops in the Buna Mission area on New Guinea are forcing the enemy into an ever•narrowing pocket and havedriven a wedge to the sea and split the enlttly'a defensive zon e, the noon coinmtfnique from General MacArthur's headquarters announced today. The communique follows: "Buna- In a tireless local assault the enemy is being fought into an l1 ever.narrowing area. On the left, I our troops have driven a wedge to the sea and split the en emy's defensive zone. On the right, an attack with tanks broadened and deepened their wedge, capturing much equipment inc~u~ing a threeinch naval gun, anh•a1rcraft guns, and a m~chine gun. Our a ir force is aCtive in supporting the ground troops. "Rabaul - In a dawn attack against enemy shipping in the harbor, our heavy bombers set fire to two large vessels of 8,000 to 10,000 tons each with direct hits by 500 pound bombs. An 8.000-ton transport was also directly hit in a mast higl'\ attack. Despite intense anti-aircrafl fire all planes re-turned. "Timar - Ou't attack plan es strafed F\liloro airfield and en emy occupied huts at Betano. "Gasmata-An Allied h eavy plan e bombed the airdrome." death. (By ) United Press.) The expanding allied wedges in the Japanese beachhead threatened to isolate enemy forces still holding out in a section of jungle and swamp about one mile long and only one thousand three hundred yards wide at its widest. The al1ied wedges are working toward Gairopa point, from the east and west, in a pincers movement. I Patrols Raid Japs. While the Buna beachhead was being slowly eliminated, measures were taken to prevent the Japanese gaining toeholds farther up the coast. Australian and American patrols were active around the mouths of the Kumusi river, 18.5 miles northwest of Buna, and the Amboga river, 9.75 miles northwest of Buna. In both sections small enemy patrols were killed or cap• tured. Douglas A20 attack bombers strafed the Amboga area and the na.tive village of Lokanu, which is occupied by the Japanese. Allied Catalina patrol bombers Tuesday night attacked the Jap• anese airdrome area at Kavieng. on New Ireland, dropping 250• pound bombs on hangars, runways and dispersal areas. One of several large fires burned for more than an hour, the pilots said. ConsoJidated Liberator bombers attacked the Lae airdrome, starting fires in the dispersal bays. I The Guy to Get m 1943 ~n's\ilNb WOUNDED HOLIDAY GREETINGS HOME, The holiday season was made much brighter for at least four local families through receipt of encouraging reports from boys in New Guinea. Three soldiers reported wounded sent word since that "all's well." Sgt. Herbert Wendlandt, wounded Dec. 5, reported in a letter to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Paul Wendlandt, RFD No. 1, Comstock Park, that he is 40 getting along fine." Sgt. Richard B. Misner, son of Mr. anjl Mrs. Roy Misner of Comstock Park, and Staff Sgt. Richard Mooney, son of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Mooney, 1030 Prospect-av., S. E., botti. cabled greetings and news they are recovering. Mr. and Mrs. Richard Platte, sr., 153 Valley-av., N. W., had received no word from their son, . Sgt. Richard Platte, jr., since Nov. 2, but he, too, has cabled his gree_t· ings. He has two brothers m service, Pfc. Herbert Platte, with the coast artillery in the Canal Zone, and Pvt. Gerard Platte with the marines in Hadlock, Wash, 1 Right in der fuehrer'1 face we'll say that this is probably the ugliest mug we've ever set eyes on, Wtler's hair and mustache, Hirohito's eyes and gold braid and Mussolini's famous chin make this grewsome composite that • hould Inspire every soldier to fight harder, every civilian to bUf more war bonds in 1943. �Tokio General At Buna Slain \l.•l.1-~ Allies Tighten TraJl on Japs With Capturti of Endaiadere I -Central Press \Veary, dlsheveled American soldiers make their way back along a jungle trail carrying a wounded comrade on a Jitter after fighting the J'a ps at Buna ,in New Guinea. It was jn this bat tie that the enemy was driven from his positions at Buna. The pictur.at left is & closeup of one of the 1\mks there. • Allied Headquarters in Australia -(IP)-Allied tanks and infantry smashed Monday at dwindling Japanese forces trapped in a horseshoe pocket in the Euna Mission area of New Guinea, and allied headquarters said the enemy com- ; mander, Lieut Gen. Tornatore Horii, had been reported killed In action. The bloody trap was drawn tight• er with capture of the Cape En- Scene in Pre,{~;. --tFrom New Guinea, Shows Local Boy A photograph of their son, Pvt. Martin Bolt, appearing on the picture page of Tuesday's Grand Rapids Press, was the first indication in six weeks that Mr. and Mrs. Henry Bolt, 509 Hall• st., S. W., have had that he was wen. 'l'he picture, fjom New G"u,inea, showed Pvt. Bolt clear•' Iy as one of f o u r stretcher bearers bf i ng! ing~ wounded comrade from the fi gh ting PVT. BOLT, I' ~r;~ts tion. r "It's Marty, all right," Mrs. Bolt assured The Press. "But he's lots ~~~~~;' than he was when ~e we't daiadere region Friday by Australian shock troops, and Gen. Mac- I Arthur's command announced a general attack, spearheaded by tanks and artillery, was now under way against the Japanese rem- 1 nants on this right flank. A communique declared the "enemy's po- t sition is deteriorating." It was the first time the allies r 1 had used tanks in a general attack on this front, Foe Casualties Heavy, The Mikado's men at Buna Mission represent one of the last two remaining pockets of enemy resistance on the Papuan peninsula, aft- I er successive allied capture of Gona, Buna and Cape Endaiadere. 'The other pocket is at nearby Cape Sanananda. The allied noon communique declared ground had been gained in other sectors of the New Guinea battlefront, and added: ''The enemy's casualties have been heavy. The Japanese commander, Lieut. Gen. Horii, is re .. ported to have been kitled in action." No details were given of Horii's reported death, The Japanese still hold, however, the big strongholds of Lae and Salamaua, about 180 miles farther up the New Guinea coast. Allied airmen continued to hammer at Japanese forces on the New Guinea front, concentrating their attention on Madang north of Vitiaz strait, where the enemy was believed to have landed troops on Dec, 19. !~~';"fta~ el -NEA Telephoto GIFTS FOK GIRL FRIEND- \ ~ ' Zlo ' 't-.... CAPT, BYRON M. SHIPLEY, center, of Albia, Iowa, examines a string of beads in a New Guinea village and barter• for some trinkets to send o the folks back home. Payment Is American clgarets and canfft', Pvt. Bolt, who formerly was ployed by the Michigan Bell Tel • phone Co. here, entered the arm in April, 1941, and received hi~ training at Camp Livingston, La.t 1 , later was at Fort Devens, Mass.,' and went overseas about a year after his jnduction. He was assigned to a communications unit. He is a graduate of Catholic Central High school and of DavenportMcLachlan institute. His parents and his fiancee, Miss Virginia Cutler, 28 Grand-av., N. E., had not had any word from him since the middle of November, when he wrote that he was in New Guinea. �HALSEY SEES 1943 VICTORY 1Halsej Sees 11943 Victory SUNDAY, JANUARY 3, 1943 "We have goc@eV!dence -of-your~-;-we have enough rn-ateriel l atrocities and know where they het'e to conduc.t the offensives prewere perpetrated. They'll be prope1·- viously mentioned?" ly"~~~:~amoto: "You will be present at the peace if you are still _alive. Tha t peace will be in the White House but the White House will not be as you THE BELLS TOLL "No man in military histo1:y ever had enough men and materiel but he has always gone ahead and done it just the same." envisaged. "Have we passed from the defenAdmiral Includes "FINEST FIGHTING MEN" sive to the offensive?" Japan in Forecast "To the Amerlf,P..n people: "Definitely. All the Axis is heart.Under my coxnfnand the United ing the tolling of the bells. And of Axis Collapse ·i Nations in the south Pacific have we are doing the rope pulltng." He By J',. NORMAN LODGE ~1the finest :fighting men our coun- smiled. , try ever produced. They ai·e imbued i•Do you anticipate further JapaWITH THE UNITED STATES with a fighter instinct and it is nese action against the Solomons?" FLEET IN THE SOUTH PA• conceded we will not stop until "I foresee action -wherever we CIFIC 1(1Pl-Victory for the United there is a complete victory. n find one.'' Nations this year is the prediction "To th e Japanese pe.ople: h •ca"Do you mean that the Japs are . "That heavy rumbling you ear ?'• of ~d~u·al William Hal~ey,. com- now will gradually grow into a h~~-der t? fin~ now. , mandei of the south Pac1f1c force shock of bursting bombs the Definitely. b. f of the Pac_ific fleet. shrieking of shells and the 'clashi•Do you forese_e the ~.om mg o . The. admiral made this statement ing of swords on your own soil. the Japanese mamland. m an interview during which I You bad better stop now before i.t "I hope so." . learned that you don't beat about is too late." "You have given us messages to the bush when ,tal~ing to. him. Di- , Captain Miles Browning, chief of the Japanese war lor?s, the emrect approach . brmgs direct an• . staff, interposed, saying: peror, an~ the Amer1c¥l people, swers. . . "'I think the admiral will agree can ;rou give us a message to tl\e . ,1 wanted him to gaze into the tt is safe to .say at this instance flghtmg force~ as to whethe~ there c1 ystal ball t.o see what the year that we are engaged in a highly is a good hberty town m the , 1~43 would b_rm~ forth so I put the hazardous effort to rescue some offing?" I asked as. a personal fad1;,ect question. white women from an island where vor for my navy friends. th.ec::wy:~rg~:~d~~na~toii!e;, what they are m i?1minent dan~~r of TOWARD "LIBERTY TOWN" This was his answei. personal violation and death Admiral Halsey swurtg al'ound in "Victory for the Umt~d Nations. There w_as no further elucidation his swivel cha!r, pursed ~is lip~, Complete, absolute defeat for the or approximate location of the 1s- again let a twmkle come mto hts Axis powers. But let's not be land eyes and with all seriousness re- , stopped this time unitl we fix HANDWRITING ON WALL plied: things up so they will never"b'I""" "What do you thmk is the sig• "Liberty for the boys, yes. We able to rise again." _J mflcance to Tojo's recent ie- will by-pass all smaller towns and : 11This year?" marks?" I asked Admil'al H alsey. let them loose in Tokyo. That will 1 'iYes.'' "He· sees the handwriting on the be a liberty town they 'll really en''Do you Include .Japan?" wall," he replied, adding: joy." SOME HALSEY MESSAGES "It was only a month ago that he And if the dteamy look on his "Yes, air, and here's a few annihilated the United States fleet countenance meant what I tool< it messages I wish you would send to for the fourth time.'' to mean, Halsey will not be loath . -, to take liberty in Tokyo himself. J~f;~ ir~~o~:~: "Do you foresee a United NaHe was asked his opinion of 1 tions offensive in all parts of ?~•he young recruits and llaval reserves "As emperor and leader of world in a short space of time. in the Pacific. ~~~it~::~: ~~d :errut~ufa:rt~.ct~~! .~I definitely hope so," t~e ad"There ts only one W(1!.'d t? depeaceful peoples, _)"Our time is mlral said as his eyes tV:'i~kled. sc:!.'ibe them,'" Halsey said qmckly. short, "And I hope Hitler, Mussolll)~ a~,d "Superb. The officers a.n<l men of , "Tcf 'l'"ojo: Hirohito will see the same thmg. the USNR are . doing things we I "When you unleashed your "What is the importance of air d_idn:t dr~am the~ capable of, and coWa:rdly attack on Dec. 7 you ower as demonstrated in the Solo- didn t thmk possible. A.; for t~e started something you can't finish. P ?" a correspondent asked. regulars-God bless theln-there Is Beneath your veneer of civil• ower, when properly used nothing oll;r count_ry can do for ization lies the dominant instinct P • 1 th necessary them that 1s too good. to kill. Because of thls you have in conjunction w And as abruptly as the interview released the g1·eatest inslinct to \ ground a nd ~ea for~e~ ~~ a tremen- began it stopped. Halsey is like fight in the American people ever dous factor m war ate. that. in history. .. I I I I thin I m~:~; 11 Paul MaUon Views The ' ,--t· *~ Washington Scene ••• Paul Mallon, The Herald'& :Washington news analyst, re,. tnnnes his column today after a month's vacation, His articles from the nation's capital wlll : :~n:;.~pear regularly fn this 1 By PAUL MALLON WASHINGTON A _IDGHLY PLACED British authority expects the German war front to collapse and bring peace to Europe by April. ~oth~r British official, whose Opm1on 1s less to be respected than t~e first authority, has more defln1tely marked Easter, April 25, on his calendar as the ultimate day to which Hitler can hold out. Both of these opinions are o n 1 Y personal guesses - but well-made i\ ) }J /A )1 g~:~~s. are . not necessar1 I y based on any apeciflc knowledge of events to come, but rather represent superior judgment on the prospects which all can see - namely, the pressure of the Russian winter campaign plus the closing Anglo-America~ •trangle-hold on Italy, and lntensl• / lled bombing ot the continent (If ' not a new front fn northern Europe) should break the war--wW of the German army. J'apan ls another matter, a matter ot at le841l a or more. JU:: �Japs Are Slaughtered II in Droves in Buna Area \-~-'t~ 1 Foe Near Buna \ ,~_.,_,~plit by Allies! Wedge Is Driven to Sea. Isolating Two Jap Garrisons SEIZE BIG GUNS (By Associated Press.) The thinning Japanese defense lines near Buna, New Guinea, were ' split Thursday by allied troops that have driven a wedge to the sea, Gen. Douglas MacArthur's headquarters announced. "The enemy is being forced into an ever-narrowing area," a communique said. ••on the Jeft, our troops have driven their wedge to the sea and split the enemy defense zones. On the right, an attack with tanks broadened and deepened the wedge, capturing much equipment, including 3-inch naval guns, antiaircraft guns and machine guns." 1 The communique called the ground action "tireless local assaults.'' The allied wedge now was lodged on several hundred yards of beach between Buna mission and Giropa point, thus effectively isolating the Japanese garrisons at those point.s. Tanks Batter Japs. Fighting in the swamps and coconut groves of the Euna front reached a new intensity as the Americans and Australians hammered the desperate Japanese back to their last lines of defense. United States-built tanks smashed at the enemy's outer defenses on Giropa point until their cannon smoked with their own heat. In the Buna government station sector one expert anti-sniper, Pvt. Charles Hawk of Fostoria, Ohio, was credited with bagging four concealed riflemen. Guerrillas Defy Japs. The allied air force Wednesday ranged over the strong Japanese base at Rabaul, New Britain, to lay 500-pound bombs directly on two vessels of from 8,000 to 10,000 tons each and to hit an 8,000-ton transport in an attack at mast-height. The communique said that intense anti-aircraft fire met the allied flyers, but that all of the planes returned. Strafing of the Fuilaro airfield and a collection of huts at Bctano, on Timar island, also was reported. It was disclosed, meanwhile, that Australian commandos and Dutch guerrillas who have rejected .Japanese demands to surrender still are at work throughout much of Portugese Timar, blowing up bridges, burning camps and sniping at the ene-;ny-killing them in the ratio of 100 Japs to 1 commando. JapsPushed Into Pocket ,-~ Allies at Buna Close in on Last Foe Position at Sanananda (By Associated PreH.) Surrounded and facing annihHa• tion, the orily Japanese forces remaining in the Buna area of ~ew Guinea were confined Monday 1n a narrow pocket on Sanananda point by American and Australian troops, "The enemy's position is hopeless " declared a communique frQID Ged. Douglas MacArthur's hea'd- quarters, adding that allied troops already were moving up for the kill. Tersely the bulletin announced that the allies had "completed the destruction of the enemy's defeated forces" around the Euna government st~tion, a statement whic~ a headquarters spokesman ampllfied by declaring that 650. Japanese had been slain in moppmg up operations following the capture of Euna Mission. Japs Lack Ammunition. Capture of the Sanananda position will complete the destruction of Japanese forces which advanced to within 32 miles of Port Moresby only last September and will leave the enemy with no bases on the eastt-rn New Guinea coast south of the Lae-Salama ua area. Aw..td forces methodically engagcu ..~n ellartfuatm;; the last small pocket Qf enemy resistance reported the enemy troops wei:e short of ammunition and food. Their elimination is regarded as little more than a mopping-up operation. Enemy casualties included 60 prisoners, including 35 coolie laborers, Koreans among them. Members of the labor gangs showed obvious signs of maltreatment. They were undernourished. The laborers are being looked after carefully and not treated as prisoners of war. Bomb Jap Airbases. \-Vhile the allied land forces were writing the final chapter of the Euna campaign, allied heavy bombers stabbed again at Japanese bases on New Britain, blasting shipping and harbor installations at Rabaul and strafing the Gasmata airfield. Cloud cover prevented observation of the results of the Rabaul attack, but returning airµien said they saw flames rising from a 10,000-ton -ship which apparently had received two direct hits. Other allied planes bombed the Japanese airdrome at Madang, ·New Guinea, and the aldrome at Lae, where a medium bomber and two fighters were destroyed on the ground. \ By MURLIN SPENCER around, stopped, and blasted at the WITH AMERICAN TROOPS IN bunkers in a cocoanut grove. NEW GUINEA (Delayed) UP) - RENEWS ATTACK Japanese were slaughtered in Then it returned to the grove droves in the New Year's day push and, as one soldier said, "began by Australian troops, with Ameri- raising hell again." can help, which took Giropa Point, The fire of the tanks and the the Japanese command post in the Australian veterans was deadly. Buna area. Some Japanese were lying atop , Japanese lying atop cocoanut- airplane revetments in dispersal palm bunkers were mowed down bays at the end of an old air strip. by machine-gun · fire and others In one case a number were wiped fighting from inside the bunkers out by cannon and machine-gun .were flushed out and destroyed by fire from less than 30 feet. cannon, rifle~re and grenades as The cannon drove the Japanese Australian veterans teamed up out of bunkers. The infantry folwith u. S.-built tanks to take this pawed the tanks closely, tossing' strongly defended spot tear the grenades. Buna government station. Seven Japanese supported by While there was no official esti- waterwings sought to swim to mate of the enemy dead, the Aus- safety. American machine-gunners tralians spoke of "hundreds killed." commanded by Maj. E d mu n d AUSTRALIAN SHOW Schroeder of Oconto, Wis., wiped The taking of Giropa Point was them out. primarily an Australian show, but In anoth~r instance two Japathe American forces gave support nese were sighted in the ocean off by keeping heavy pressure on the Siwori village, northwest of Buna. Japanese between the Point and jLieut. Louia Chago11 el Rhi11elaad• the government station to prevent er, Wis., called to them to surthem from withdrawing troops to render. But the Japanese refused reinforce the Point. and were killed. The Giropa push wis the sixth WEAK DEFENSE time the 13-ton General Stuart The defenders had built a line ot tanks ~ad been used in the Euna bunkers from palm logs and had campaign. · even drawn up trucks and automoFlghting opened with a heavy biles as defenses. I was told, howartillery barrage from 25--pounders ever, that the bunkers were not so firing at almost point-blank range. solid as those the enemy had built In the early. morning t>:e tan~s at nearby Cape Endaidere, recentvy-ent into action with thei_r 37-mil~ ly taken by Allied forces. bm~ter cannon h~mmermg and A direct hit on the gas tank of their treads plow~ng the black one of the trucks sent flames high earth. Forty-five mmutes later the and soon ended the defense of that I ~~~-~~hge: d::::tes ~:~ p~:~~d t:ht~e Americans holding the narrow conidor between the station and the Point watched as the tank [pushed' into the white sand swung · · ' I particular sp9t. . Instead of making a frontal at:. tack, the tanks struck the Japs from the side to drive, through to the Point. Then the force turned westward and pushed to Giropa, creek, .which was their objective for the first night. Another force turned and started mopping up Jap remnants left between the Point and Sinemi creek, to the east, but this position was not completely cleaned up by New Year's night. (Later dispatches indicate that, except for snipers, the Japanese abandoned defense of the Point, swimming with life belts and on logs to reach their comrades at the government station.) I -------- AID IN NEW GUINEA, 100 YARDS FROM JAPS- \• :t - 't ' First aid is administered to & wounded soldier near Gona, New Guinea, le81 than 100 yards fro, the Jap lines. The dressing station was set up In thl1 fighting zone 10 that Au1trallan1, woun In the bitter Jungle fighting, could have their lnjurie1 attended to before they were carr ko1pltal1 In the rear. �W[!'; foMn 16arc GvA!RA.l'iTu A>~lll Strange Tales From Buna "f'Ro.l"tefi'ff'Y ,-s-'t:S 11:'7 ~ du/4AJJV(U_ rf ~ <z,d ~ J a,,;uf .,a F_"7 d, c:tL :r7:-u,,-,,a. ')v-M- ».Hd d'-'7'A.. ~ fe/ d_,._ ~_,.,k,a CM,£ ..,/v1~/4- 0-.{ zk ~-~ ~ . _ C / 4 ~ 71 cv-;t, ~~ ~ ~ a --/'~z,3if ~~ a u / ~ ;1/_;~ cfn,,tzA' $ ~ 1 c:U-,{ ~.-,4:fA ~~ , ;tt,(4.t_ '. - r~~..1-~~~~ f ~1rA,<~ ~ 1 ~M--- ~~ IZ,,/4:fJ~ '-'.,,,__~6ue" (7~ CT~ ~ :r<Y- t ,L4 ~~ Z,/q u~ Z/4e f f ~ ~ .J~_..u_,/4, f ~ ~ ~ . / a-..d7~ ")'.,.a,f µ.. ~ ; Mvy e,/~,rou Dropped by Japs on Guadalcanal This invitation to natives to join forces with the ' 4Navy of Nip-, pon" was d1·opped on Guadalcanal by Jap aviators. The- copy re-produce~ here is among the souvenirs Edward J. Kornoelje of the United States navy brought home wJth him wheti he arrived fo.r 1 a brief leave this week. How the natives were expected to read Eng• Ji,;h, even a Jap's version, was not explained. ¥,, ;t Greenville Soldier Huddles in Assault Boat With Dead Companion for Three Days (By Murlin Spencer.) With American Troops in New Guinea-UP)-There are men with strange stories to tell in the jungle swamps near Buna. They are bearded, weary men who have fought a long time against the Japs and are used to the heavy odor of death which hangs over the corridor. Capt. W. G. Page of Menasha, Wis., told me the story of Pvt. Thomas Jager of Greenville, Mich., who huddled in an assault boat with a dead companion for three days and two nights before he was able to get out. Jager, Sgt. Leon Gorski of Mil~ waukee and others were in the boat, which attempted a landing on the Japanese side of Entrance creek. The machine gun fire was extremely heavy and killed one man, who fell atop Jager. Bright Moon Blocks Escape. Jager and Gorski huddled in the bottom of the boat until toward dusk. lf'our Japs approached from the shore. Gorski said he told Jager to get ready and when he threw a grenade at the Japs to dive overboard and swim ashore. When the Japs drew close, Gorski hurled his grenade into their faces and jumped into the water. He said Jager apparently hadn't heard him, because he did not follow. A bright moon that night made escape impossible, so Jager remained in the boat. He stayed on through the next day and night and then a third day, On the third night he managed to get back, He brought the boat with him, Then there is the story of the old .44 pistol. One of our men captured it from a Jap. He was killed. Three other Americans carried it in turn. They were killed. A fifth man picked it up. He was wounded and sent to a first aid station. That night the station was shelled by a Jap mountain gun. Now the gun has been sent far back of the lines. No one at the front wants it. Pierce Enemy Lines. From a cheerful little guide, Pvt. Arthur Christofor of Milwaukee, Wis., I heard the story of five men who dared go unarmed through enemy lines to take medical supplies to an isolated company. They were Pvts. Ray Jackson of Arlington, Wis., Sam Scarfo of Youngstown, Ohio, Gerald McCarthy of Waterloo, Ill., Vernon A. Pyles of Lagrange, Ky., and, Capt. Rafael R. Gamso of New York city. Gamso stayed all night to treat the wounded and returned the next day. In an open trench under a baking sun overlooking a wide field, young Pvt. Frank Horvat of Akron, Ohio, told me of the long minutes he spent in the company of a Jap patrol the day before Christmas. He had crossed Entrance creek to the enemy side of the river and :1ad reached a point 10 yards from the Japs when they opened up with a machine gun, killing a man near him and forcing him to hug the ground. Later a seven-man Jap patrol came out and sat down near Horvat, examined the body of his companion but left him untouched. <lone Jap placed his rifle across my leg," Horvat related. "I was petrified and almost stopped breathing as I watched them through a peephole between my arm and helmet. Finally they went away." l-" _ ' YANKS ALERT, EVEN AT MEAL TIMEArmed guards keep watch for lurking .Taps whUe United States soldiers line up for chow somewhere In the New Guinea battle arlllO!ltba of Jungle warfare made them -ry of Jap tricks. F f • I �(iltt ffiran~ FIFTY-EIGHTH YEAR tmlb GRAND RAPIDS, MICH,, WEDNESDAY, EX'T RA PRICE THREE CENTS 27, 1943 C · President Reviews U. S. Troops in North Africa Meets Churchill, Maps Axis Surrender Plans F. D. R. Flies 5,000 Miles for Talks; French Leaders in Unity Yanks' Eyes Pop as Their Chief Greets, Eats Lunch with Them By WALTER LOGAN REPRESENTING AMERICAN NEWSPAPER CORRESPONDENTS IN NORTH AFRICA (Distributed by the Associated :Press) CASABLANCA (Delayedl-President Roosevelt, American Chief Executive to leave the United States in wartime and the first to fly the Atlantic, today (Jan. 21) inspected American troops in French Morocco, surprising them by his presence and leaving their faces wreathed in smiles. The President reviewed the troops from a jeep driven by Sergt. Oran Lass, from Kansas City, Mo., who was the proudest soldier in the U. S. army but maintained an air of impeccable dignity throughout. · In the jeep with the President were Lieut. Gen. Mark W. Clark, commander of the U. S. fifth army; Charles Fredericks, the President's personal bodyguard, and the general officer com- -------------l manding F. D.R. Covers 10,000 Miles in Air Trip CASABLANCA (Wednesday) (INS )-To attend the conference in Morocco with Prime l\linister Churchill, President Roosevelt undertook a drama tic round trtp aerial journey in an American trans1>0rt plane that had to cover more than 10,000 miles to carry the ~ ----t..~ during the inspection of the troops. Immediately behind the presidential jeep was another- with bodyguards, and the :following jeep contained Maj. Gen. George S. Patton, Jr., commanding U. S. troops in French Morocco; Rear Admiral Ross McIntire, the President's physician; and Earry Hopkins, presidential adviser. Riding in another car were Robert Murphy, American mini:;,'\cr for French Africa, and W. ·Averill Harriman. ITHEIR EYES POPPED .........,-. .. ,,..,.,.,.-_._LI...,... . , . _ ~___.. By WES GALLAGHER CASABLANCA, French Morocco UP)-President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill, in the most unprecedented and momentous meeting of the century, have reached "complete agreement" on war plans for 1943 designed to bring about the unconditional surrender" of Germany, Italy, and Japan, it was disclosed Tuesday. Defying every tradition, the President of the United States flew across 5,000 miles of the Atlantic ocean for a 10-day meeting with Winston Churchill which saw the leaders of the two nations bring Gen. Charles De Gaulle and Goo.. Henri Honore Giraud together for the first. time in a little villa just outside this city. Virtually the entire war staffs of both nations participated in day and night discussions which ended Sunday afternoon with a press conference before a group of war correspondents flown secretly from Allied headquarters halfway across North Africa. IDGH SPOTS OF CONFERENCE These are the high spots of the conference, which Roosevelt and Churchill agreed was unprecedented in history and may decide the fate of the world for generations to come: One-The leaders of America and Britain, both military and civil, have agreed on a war plan for 1943 designed to maintain the initiative in every theater of the war; Two-Churchill and Roosevelt agreed that peace can come only through "unconditional surrender" of Germany, Italy, and Japan; Three-Generals Givaud and DeGa!Jlie, meeting for the first time under' sponsorship of the Presifle;,t and prime min• ister, are negotiating for a united French movement designed to put French armies, a navy and an airforce again into the 11 i'\~ ..u1.u~.i.,:u;f A~bA.o..i•,.X.iS -"- �..............---....,::,....... WASHINGTON UP) - Casa• blanca, the French Moroccan port where President Roose-velt spent the last fortnight in important war conferences, is the Spanish name for-of all things--"whlte house." by air ever undertaken by any American est such self had first time president, the longtrip Roosevelt himever made, and the a chief executive of the United States had set foot 1 ~n ~~r.while his counry .:,::g:t Ilater that Herald A,manack presence in Africa, and confessed they had assumed when they rehearsed the day before for the affair that the party would be "another bunch of brass hats." Standing rigidly at attention and The all-time high crest of Grand :::~:e ~~e d~~:~: . 1 ;:~si!:ntt~aS river at Grand Rapids was 20.4 each was surprised in turn as Mr. I n.t=c..tJiY i:~~.i~:i;.~c~e~i ~:.sevelt's over flood level. Highest since then was 16.1 feet on March 20, 1942. By comp a r is on, the Ohio river at Cincin n ati on Jan. 26, 1937, reached a high mark of 80 feet. Flood level there ts 52 feet. + + + DO YOU REMEMBER? Last year on Jan. 27 the temperatures ranged from 33 to 37. Highest of record this date, 62 in 1906; lowest, U below zero in 1925. + + + . FACT FOR TODAY: The net income of American railroads last year was estimated by 1;he. Interstate Com~erce comm1ss~on at .$950,000,000 - largest earnings in their history. + + + THOUGHT FOR TODAY: Do the duty which lies nearest to you. Every duty which is bidden to wait returns with seven fresh duties a.t its back. Help Defense opposite The Allied occupation of French North Africa brought a number ot political problems leading up to the Roosevelt. Churchill conference there. The major events were: Nov. 7-American troops invade French North Africa. Nov. 11-Algeria and Morocco under Allied control as Admiral J e an Darlan orders French to surrender; Hitler occupies all of France. Nov. H-Civil administration set up under Darlan. Dec. 1 - Darlan proclaims himself chief of state in French Africa. Dec. 8-Darlan brings French \Vest Africa, including Dakar, to Allied side. Dec. 24-Darlan assassinated. Dec. 26-Gen. Henri Giraud succeeds Darlan as high commissioner. Dec. 30-Twelve arrested in a 11 e g e d assassination plot against Giraud and Robert Murphy, U. S. minister. Jan. 6-Giraud agrees to meet Gen. Charles De Gaulle, Fighting French leader, to promote unity. Jan. 1'1-President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill, De Gaulle and Giraud open conferences. Jan. 19-Marccl Peyrouton, former Vichy minister, appointed governor-general of Alg~ ria; Fighting French assail ap.. pointment. Jan. 24-Roosevelt-Churchill conference concluded. :PRESIDENT jeep drew I- - -THE --------Eyes literally popped as the President and commander-in-chief passed only six feet away in front of the men with a big smile on his face. Few soldiers were able 1 to wipe off their own smiles of 1 pleasure. The presidential convoy formed at 9:30 a. m., skirted CasabJanca WASHINGTON (INSi-An abor- ,O f and drove directly to the review tive Japanese attempt to stage a area, ,some miles north, WASHINGTON (lP) - The last! "Note to editors and broadcastThe convoy consisted of official large-scale air raid on GuadalHmouslnes, armored scout cars canal was announced Tuesday by fortmght brought many mtima- ers-strictly confidential and not with 50-caliber machine guns, and the navy department as United tlons of a new Roosevelt-Churchill for publlcat1on. weapOns carriers bearing official States troops pllshed their offensive conference but the actual fact of ~'The President is taking another signal corps photographers. It was deeper into Japanese territory President Roosevelt's sensitional :trip. The attention of every editor preceded and followed by military along the island's northwestern flight to North Africa was a mili- au d broadcaster is directed forcepolice on motorcycles. t tary secret until its official an- fully to the code provision restrictU11IBRELLA OF PLANES coas · . . nouncement Tuesday night. ing any information rega1·ding the A commumque said that AmerUnder the voluntary code of cen- mo:7ements of the Commander-inThe -convoy drove- by the airport where scores of fighters took off ican aircraft last Sunday (U. s. sor'Ship to which the press and ra- Chief and any other ranking offito form a vast umbrella over- date) intercepted, out-fought and dio . adhere, movements of the ~ial'S of the. government._ Upon his head throughout the day. The routed an armada of Ja anese President. may not be publicized le.turn detailed ~ews o! his trip President, wearing a gray felt . . . P unless officially announced. Just will be made available to all simulhat, a gray suit with a white pin dive bombers, twm-engmed bomb- so the press and radio would know taneously." stripe, and white pullover sweater, ers ~ and fighter planes, which was that Mr. Roosevelt was on th e The phrase "another trip" a arrode the limousine of Lieut. Gen. headed for Gu~dalc?'nal.. It was move-and be reminded that this ~ntly was in recollection olpthe Dwight D. Eisenhower, Allied com- the first occasion m six weeks was confidential-Byron Price di- _fwing around th t th mander-in-chief in North Africa. that the. enemy had riske<l: mo7e rector of censorship, is~ued 11 ent made last ~a~f~~s~cti!gP~e:; The morning' was chilly and than a single plane at a time m p. m., Jan. 9, the following memor- lants. Reporters from the three somewhat cloudy when the party See GAUDALCANAL-Page 14 andum: Se SECRET e -Poge 14 started, but the warm African sun Big Scale Jap Raid Foiled Newsmen Guarded Secret F.D.R.-Chu~chill Meet a't !~~~:db~f!J!~ga~o:~: ~~~~~~hs~:~ hills. Soldiers, not knowing whom they guarded, were stationed along 1------------------- -------_,....___ LAST TRAIN fro m B ERLIN THE PRIME MINISTER Stalingrad Is Nearly Freed By NATALIA RENE ~OSCOW (~S) - The oncemighty Ger~an siege army trapped before Stalingrad now has been t almoS totally annihilated, with at least 208,000 of its offi~ers and men knocked out after the killing of another 40,000 and the capturing of 28,000 in the past_ 10 days, it was announced Tuesday night. Of the 220,000 enemy troops who ~ere laying siege. to the Volga C1tY_ when the Sov1e~s opened their encirclement offensive last Nov. 19, only two wretched remnants, comp~ising 12,~0 survivors, ,n ow rem~m, a special Russian communique declared. The others have been .k.illed or ta_ken prisoner. . TheS o~ic1al bulletin, annol'..lncmg oviet reconquest of more See STALINGRAD-Page 14 by Howard K. Smith 1-::::::::::::::;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::Ip rom,se . Of V. f B hi arms of the lustful. hungry Ger- positon. So we of the fourth estate . IC ory roug man -Mars.". . • And on that, gen- had no_ choice but to believe these G reaf Joy f O G e rma n$ I the road at regular intervals. Every See REVIEWS-Page 2 .,,. Two Leaders Have H Id F e OUr M f ee lnCJS . WASHINGTON (JP)-Frankhn D. _Roosevelt and Wi~ston ChurcWll have met four times Prevent Accidents JAN. 26 ::r~~~::n!i!:! !f!i:ee ~~:: ca's entrance into th e war and once before It. Times and places were · Aug. 9, 1941, 0.ff' the New- City tlernen, I stake my whole journal- dramatic assertions were gospel istic r eputation!" Dietrich shouted, tru th · . swinging his fist high in the air Upon my . cons. ciousr:i,es.s settled in a d ramatic gesture. the more pamful convichon-com- CHAPTER III To understand how big Dr. Dietrich's story was one must re. . . . member the circumstances. This was the first substantial news about the mighty, new offensive. It came directly from Adolf foundland coast for three days [Hitler himself and could not be doubted. Dietrich continued : beCounty Outside City or more. . ' th G • Dec. 22 , 1941, to Jan. 14 , hmd the two_ pockets there stood betwe_en e erman arnues One death since Jan. 1. and Moscow Just so_muc~ s~ace_an~ nothmg more. As one correNineteen daYs without a j 1942, _when Churchill came to Washmgton on a battleship 3pondent later put it, Dietrich indicated t~at between ~ermany death. aatl flew home, . . and the complete conquest of the untold riches of Russia there 1942 record: Five deaths to June 18, 1942, m Washing• . d "th ti •t t k and machine t cover the .Jan. 26. ton, with ChurchlU flying here remame on1Y e me i a es man 1 ' a ears for a week's conference, given distance." After seven sho:t days, the f~~hrer's offensive 1 PauJ Mallons Co umn PP Jan. 14-24, 1943. in Nor th lhad smashed the Red army to splmters, the decision was reached 14 today on page · Africa. ~nd the eastern continent lay, like a limp virgin in t he mighty One death since Jan. 1. Five days without a death. 1942 record: One death to Jan. 26. 0 I ° . :~~ ta:ll0 ;:;~·e~:.atp!~~a;:~t~~~ decision in the entire conflict lay in Hitler's hands. N~w nobody will con~est the c?ntention that th e Nazis . te~l hes, and great big ones, But 1t 1s true t hat Hitler 'himself has never told a l~e about a specific military fact which can be checked. There are t wo good rP~ons for this. First, he does not hafe to lie about them; you don•~ , h ~ve to tell a fib when yo.u_'re wmn mg .~econd, a specific military fact . 1_ be so easily checked, and 1f '\ were found out that the "Almig\ty" had told a blunt untruth, ~pecially about /something !3:o big 8'i this particular . When DiP.tric? ~inished te~se exc1temen t preva1le~. The uniforms g~thered round him and pumped his hand a~ a sort of mutual cangratulation on the Germany vietory. The agency men had but'St through the doorway and were giv• event, it would be <i_sastrous to his (Continued on Page HJ •,. • • Congratulations W ere •1n O rder Four..::.Premier Joseph Stalin of Russia was kept informed of the results of the conferences. In fact, Churchill and Rooseveit offered to meet Stalin "very much farther to the east," but the Russian chief was unable to leave the USSR, due to the need of his directing the present Red army offensives. The President and prime minister also have been in communication with Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek and "have apprised him of the measures which they are taking to assist him in China's magnificent and unrelaxing struggle for the common cause." Five-Maximum material aid to Russia and China will be one of the prime aims of the U. S. and Britain. Six-Roosevelt visited American troops in the field in North Africa, the first American president io visit an active war theater since Abraham Lincoln. The meetings were held in a closely-guarded, barbed-wiresurrounded inclosure at a hotel in Casablanca under the greatest secrecy. ALL-NIGHT CONFERENCE Prime Minister Churchill arrived for the meeting first. When President Roosevelt arrived by plane a few hours later, be dispatched Harry Hopkins to the Churchill villa, and the prime min• ister i=ediately came to start the meetings. Tbe first began at 7 o'clock in the evening of Jan. 14 and lasted until 3 o'clock the next morning. President Roosevelt met correspondents in the garden of his villa Sunday afternoon. Protecting American fighters and Spitfires roared overhead as the conference was held. The only woman present was WAAC Capt. Louise Anderson of Denver, Colo., a stenographer from Lieut. Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower's headquarters. Hopkins was among the first to arrive, along with the President's flying son, Lieut. Col. Elliott Roosevelt, who was wearing the Distinguished Flying Cross recently awarded him. While the President's envoy, Robert Murphy, flitted in the background, Generals Giraud and De Gaulle, clad in French army uniforms, appeared from the President's quarters. They were closely followed by Roosevelt himself, wearing a light grey suit with the usual cigaret bolder held at a jaunty angle. Churchill, in a dark grey suit and with the inevitable cigar, followed them to the four chairs in the garden. FRENCH LEADERS "SHAKE ON IT" As De Gaulle and Giraud shook hands for the benefit of photographers, the President opined that it was a momentous moment. Giraud and De Gaulle immediately went back into the house and the press conference began. The President on behalf of the prime :1inister and himself, expressed regret at the death of the Canadian Broadcasting corporation's war correspondent, Edouard Baudry, who was killed by a machinegun bullet when the plane in which he was riding with other cdrrespondents en route to the meeting was lost ·over Spanish Morocco and was fired upon by Spanish ground defenses. The President then went into the background of the meeting, saying that it became clear when the North African cam• paign was launched that a meeting between himself and the prime minister would be necessary, STALIN TOO BUSY TO ATTEND He said Stalin had been kept advised on all details worked out at the meeting, and in the words of the communique added that Stalin had been "cordially invited to meet the President and ,rime minister, in which case the meeting would have been held very much farther to the east." Stalin, however, was ''unable to leave Russia at this time on account of the great offensive which he himself as commander-in-chief is directing." While the prime minister nodded assent, the President said See ROOSEVELT-Page I �oe Chased to 1-C\-'t~ Lae Harbor Buna' s Capture Is Described By \-'1 Witness of Fierce Struggle - * :3> Vast Havoc Wrought Enemy in Battle Off New Guinea Coast !Bombs Shatter Japs at,-,•-'t~ Lae By LEE VAN ATTA ' UNITED NATIONS HEAD• QUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA, (Saturday) (I NS)-The Allied air forces pounding a great J apan ese convoy in the Huon gulf off the northeastern coast of New Guinea were re, vealed Friday to have sunk a t hird enemy transport, damage.I another, and to have destroyed at least 24 and posstbly !6 more Nip-ponese planes. This raised to five the number or enemy transports sunk or dam. aged, and to 73 the total of Jap p lanes either shot down or put out of action. Gen. Douglas MacArthur's noon communique reporting on the ac• t ion indicated that the battle, which began Wednesday, end~d when the American and Australian air forces pursued remnants of the Jap fle~t into Lae harbor Thursday. So great was the havoc wrought on the enemy naval concentration, said the communique, that only "fragmentary" troop elements coul rl have been ]anded at the enemyheld stronghold. HEAVY TOLL The three-day toIJ of enemy ships and p1anes was: Ships: 1 Three transports sun k, fncludfng one sent dow·n with all hands, an estimated 2,000 or more soldiers. One transport probably sunk. One transport damaged seriously. Planes: At least 42 destroyed. 12 p1anes probably destroyed. 19 planes dam~ged. During Thursday's hot action. Gen. MacArthur's airmen chased the shattered convoy right into the harbor of Lae to sink a transport Rnd score two direct hits on another transport. In Wednesday's fighting. two transports were sunk and a third badly crippled. 20 PLANES D OWNED Twenty Zero fighters were !!hot down Friday and two fighters and two bombers were destroyed on the ground at Lae. Eighteen planes were shot down Thursday, bringing the total number of Jap planes destroyed to 42. In addition, seven Zeros were probably destroyed a nd 15 damaged Thursday wh ich, coupled with the previous d ay's score of five probables and four dam aged, brought the gran d total of en emy warplanes k nocked out of the battle to 71 Zeros and two bombers. As heavier A11ied planes blasted the convoy, fighters and attack bombers strafed the Lae airdrome as welt as barges and beachheads · by whioll the Japs sought to land their troops. FEW TliOOPS LANDED "Such troop elements as were landed by the enemy," said the communique, "are believed to be fr1tgmentary." Other Allied planes rangea against the Jap airdrome at Gasmata, New BrJtain, setting large fires in a blistering night attack, and against shipping off Kai island. A direct h it was scored on a Japan ese torpedo craft off Kai, and it was beiieved to be at least severaly damaged, if not sunk. Ground fighting in New Guin ea, although confined to patroJ activi... ties, was in creasingly fie rce. Th irty-two Jap soldiers wer e kiUed in close fighting Thursday at Sana ... nanda point, last remai n in g Jap salient in Papua, the commu nique aai d. AUied 1osses in latest phases ot the sea-air conflict "'were not heavy," Thursday's commu nique aaid. On ly light !Oases were suf ... tered by the Allied airmen In open ... Ing stages of the ba ttle, indicating that the overall a~oun ting of the (By l\lurlin Spencer.) planes. The campaign ended on WH h American ';rroops in New the same savage note on which it Guinea-(Delayed)-(JP) -Cleanup b~gan-no quarter asked and none g~~~· once-scenic Buna govern~ ment station, with its coconut palm grove overlooking the ocean, looked as if a cyclone had hit it. Its half dozen buildings, some of corrugated iron and the most pretentlous in Paua, were shattered, twisted and pocked by shrapnel. Others were burned to the ground and still smoldering when I crossed a shaky bridge and walked to the station The ground, churned by bombs and shells, helped to explain the hunted look of the Jap prisoners. Mostly coolies who had been forced to labor, they bowed to their captors. Weak and emaciated, they gulped down the food given them. The day's battle started and ended spectacularly. In the half light of ,the early morning a score of Japs made a desperate try to break through, but a grenade-throwing young private who pitched like Lefty Grove in his heyday-L indsey Wagner of Woodward, Okla.and others stopped them. They had waited a long time to get the Japs in the open, and they made the most of it. Petoskey Soldier Spots 'Em. About 6 :20 a. m., Pvt. Raymond Krussell of Petoskey, Mich., standing watch west of the government station, saw a small group of Japs walking toward the beach. Then a small boat towing a raft put out from shore, heading seaward presumably in hopes of reaching Jap positions in the direction of Sanananda. Krussell warned Sgt. Lavern Schultz of Oshkosh, Wis., a machine gunner, and three others. Other riflemen in beach trenches awaited the signal. When the boat and raft were directly offshore, they fired and sank the boat. There were heads bobbing in the surf as our troops waved a white flag and motioned the Japs to come ashore. The enemy made no effort to start for shore, refusing to surrender. So the boys resumed firing. Machine gun and rifle bullets sent up little spouts of water around the Japs. Then the airforce was called in and the planes strafed the swim.mers. They found an additional 60 farther west and strafed them, too. Tough Going. Japs on the ground crouched behind large bunkers while artillery pounded the area and smashed trucks. When the full attack started at' 10:15 a. m., the govet)lment station area was covered with dirty smoke from the artillery barrage. The attack opened east of the station and moved west. It was hard going for the Americans af first against the bunkers from which the Japs fired machine guns. Dense undergrowth made observation of progress difficult, but I found a spot of beach and watched the men, crouching behind , trenches, Dring at the Japs who fled from the station buildings and attempted to hide behind one of five beachecl landing barges. The commanding general of the American ground troops in New Guinea also was watching, When the Americans' first bullets missed h e said "squeeze the trigger, boys, don't pull 'em." They did. By 3 :30 in the afternoon, the command post west of the station reported it saw our men advanc~ ing through the palms. At 4 :27 p. m,. it announced we had taken the station. units of an American ground force drove through the las t en emy defenses Saturday to capture the bomb-shattered Buna government station after many Japanese had fled into the sea in a mad effort to escape. . I~ was mamly through sheer we1ght of numbers that the Amer icans, their jungle green _unifon_ns mud-splattered and thell' bodies worn by six weeks of battle against the Japs, broke down the enemy's bunker defenses. The Japs sought to flee by r!llt, b~ small boat .and even by sw1mmmg. On then· refusal to come ashore and s1:,1rrender, many ':ere shot by rnachme-gunners and riflemen while others were strafed by / MacArthur's Fliers Pound Desperate Foe on New Guinea ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Sunday) (.'Pl -The desperate Japs, who lost three out of four transports with which they \ tried to reinforce their Lae garris·on in New Guinea, sent in two more transports and both were bombed and set afire by ~ ll!e~ planes of all categories, raiding around the clock, Gen. Douglas MacArthur reported today. In addition, a merchant vesse l (perhaps t he damaged transport which managed to get some troops shore) was bombed while beached. a The · J ap convoy, wh ich has been under conti nuous attack for m_o re than two days and nights, withdrew u nder cover of darkness "after u n loading." At Sanananda, where the l~st remnant of a Jap Papuan peninsula army which once totaled 15,000 is making a stand, Allied gro~nd troops were reported "increasmg their pressure." Gen. MacArfhW", considering the 1 campaign at an end, has return~d J \ to his general headquarters m Australia. 1 I YANK LDIERS PLAY CARDS BETWEEN BATTLES- ,~,- 'f., t- ~wlld•red New Gubtea natives watch American soldiers play cards In a r est period b•;w~:n : . . ties, The Yankl use ,45-caliber bullets for chips. The shuffling of the printed cards an P Inc of the •chips" bad< and forth faacina~ the •~ ••ken. �Gen. MacArthur Citation of Heroic 32nd Division 1-111 - ., Gen. MacArthur's communique clling the 32nd divlalon for its valarous part in the successful New Quinea campaign says: "The magniricent conduct of the troops and elements of this command, operating under difficulties raJIC).Y, if ever. surpaHed in a campaign, has earned my highest praise1U'ld commendation. De1 spite inadequate meanB in many categories, their resourcefulness and their adaptability have produced a self-reliance tbat has overcome all handicaps and deficiencies. "Through the sklll and coul'age and indomitable will !or victory, they have defeated a bold and aggressive enemy possessing a marked superlo1ily of 1·esourccs and potentialities in areas of campaign and combat. ''While a11 ground troops have performed admirably, elements or the 8th and 7th Australian divisions, the 32nd and 41st United States divisions, the 6th Independent Commando unit, mountain artillery batteries of the first Austi·alian corps, squadrons of the armored division (Australian), and native Papuan carriers have been espe• cially prominent. "To the Ame.rlcan 5th air force and Royal AustraJian air force, no commendation could be too great. Their outstanding efforts in combat, in supply and in transportation over both land and sea constituted the keystone upon which the whole arch of the cam• paign was erected. They have set new horizons for the air con• tluct of the war. "To Almighty God, I give thanks for that guidance· which haa brnught us to this success in our great crusade. His is the honor, the power and the glory, forever, amen. . "DOUGLAS MAC ARTHUR, Genetal United States Army, Com• mander-in-Chiet." ,/ Gen. Char of Intelligence; Brig. Gen. Chari• , A. Willoughby, chief of lntelllaeaae; .'and partt Brig, Gen. Ennla C. Whitehead and pated la Brig. Gen. Kenneth Walker, ~ lllbtln&' I& ilnli,apiii'JaNiilMi. tile lean air force commanden; AD- batU• front wu I the .AJaao, trallan Brigs. F. G. Wootten~ LOrraille MCtloa wu rela,, I Kenneth Eather, and Australian Uvely quiet at tile 'time. It wu Capt. WIiiiam Garing. here however that the dl.i.ton General Cites Unit In citing the 32nd division for • uttered lta ftnt casualtlea. outstanding achievement In the When the Germana threatened Among Others for south Paclftc battle area. Gen. Paris In the Kaiser's second great Valor in New Guinea Douglas MacArthur follows In the Marn<" offensive, the division moved ,-,,. If,'\ footsteps of Gen. Pershing who, by forced marches to the new GEN, MAC ARTHUR'/< HEAD· during the closing days of the f\rst front where together with a maQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Sat- World war, decorated the battle rin«- division, the 42nd and other flags of the Red Arrow division fresh Yankee units, it checked Ul'day) - Returning to his head- for similar outstanding deeds of the advancing Germane and forced , quarters here today after personal- valor. them into a dll1asterous retreat. 1 1 ; ly directing A1lied forces in the The history o~ the division un- in F~~~e!::r :heu~~dt~r::: victorious Papuan campaign In der other insignias goes far back sion was under fl.re tor all but New Guinea in which approximateth e na- ten days when It was In a rest rd ly 15,000 Japanese troops were into the w~r reco s of Uon. The division, however, as we aren, fighting on five fronts in wiped out, Gen. Douglas MacArthur cited the 32nd (Red Arrow) know it today, was _formed of three major offensives - AisneMlchlgan and Wiaconsm men at Marne Oise.Alane and Meuse-Ar1 division and other units or his command for their "indomitable wilt, the beginning ot the Jast war of gonne. magnificent conduct, skill and cour- national guard units of the two In killed, \\·ounded or missing fn age" in the successful operations states. It was overseas and ready action is lost 14,000. It defeated 23 for action before Michigan's other German divisions, taking 2,153 prisnow concluded. In addition to the 32nd division, famous World war division, the oners, 2,000 rifles, 200 machine guns 85th, was trained and equipped at and 100 cannon. In four major atmade up largely of Michigan and tacks launched at critical moments, Wisconsin men, Gen. MacArthur Camp Custer. After nine months on the Mexi- it advanced 24 miles and repulsed highly commended the 41st U. S. division and his Australian troops can border In 1916, the units which without loss of ground, every counfor their valor in the Papuan vic- went into the making of the 32nd ter-attack. tory which, the general said, should consisted ot hard and well-trained It captul'ed Fismes In the Alane-make "the dead of Bataan rest a fighting men when war upon Ger- Marne offensive and was the only little easier tonight." American unit in General Mangtn's many was declared. (The text of Gen. MacArthur's It was organized at Camp Mac- famoua tenth French army in the citation appears below.) It was Arthur, Waco, Tex., July 18, 1917, OIM-Alsne offensive. three months after the United twice In the front line In the HONORS AWARDED Meuse-Argonne where it fought for States became a belllgerent, with Gen. MacArthur awarded the 20 days an'll penetrated the "ImDistinguished Service Cross to the Gen. jam.es Parker in command. pregnable · Kreimbllde line." On Atl Or the Grand Rapids national Allied land commander, Gen. Sir Nov. 10, It was attacking east of Thomas Blarney, and to Lieut. Gen. guard units were incorporated in th Robert L Eichelberger, commander its formation. These consisted ot i e ~eus~ and upon the following four companies of infantry, a full day, it h~d smashed the_ 192nd Gerof the American troops in Papua. In fact· a fteld hospital, m~n division and was 1n full purFor "extraordinary co u rage, battalion _ , __ • suit when the armistice brought marked efficiency and precise exethe 126th Infantry regimental the conflict to an end. cution of operation" the following band, a supply company and a The French called the division officers were cited: the "Les Terriblee" - the terrible Lieut. Gen. George C. Kenney, machine gun company. At this time the Michigan na- ones - and the Red Arrow boya commander of the Allied air forces; Lieut. Gen. Edmund F1·ancis Her- tionJI guard had its full war lived up to their reputation tor ring, Australian field commander; strength of 8,000 soldiers and 230 fearless, Intrepid ftghttng power. these same qualities in the Maj. General Richard K. Suther- commissioned officers but some · Perhaps 32nd division have won the land, chief of staff, general head~ recruits were taken in and war new d ence of General MacArthur quarters of the south Pacific area; department records credit Michi-1confi nd prompte~ him to call upon the Maj. Gen. George Allen Vasey, gan with having 9,973 guatdsmen a boys from Michigan and Wl~consin Australian field commander; Brig. in the World war. to 1 handle__ ~he _Ne~ Guinea Job. 32nd Lauded i by MacArthur I _ ,~~~~!1-lii,l[lw. w:tcb I I I I I I SOMEWHERE IN HEW GUINEA Somewhere in Ne\f ( ; u i n ~ r e the sun is like a curse. And (-aeh long da.\' ts followed by another slightly ,,orse, \Vl1ere tlte lnit-k-rrcl dust blows tl1kkcr than the shifting dc!--ert sa11d. And ¥11 tl1~ men drram and wish for the fairer. Kreener !:ind. I Somewlie:-e in New Guinea, where a woma11·s twvn !-.N'n, \\'here tile sky is never <•lnudy and the frrass is 11e,·er green, Where t Ile ding-ocs nizhtl.v howling. roUS a m.-t n of hlef-sed ~lePp, Where tlu,'re i~t1't a11y wlii~key and tile \Jeer is out of reach. Somewhere in New Gui11C'a. when• tile 11igh1,;,. are made for love, Whc>rf> the moon is Iii.:(~ a searehligl,t :111d the Sout ller11 Cross ahm·e; Sparkle:-. like a diamond. in "palmy. tropic night, ·Tis a :--hameleR!-. waste of beaut), \\ hen there's not a girl i11 sight Somewlif'r<'1n N'Pw Gui11e<.1, wliere the mail is alway:-. late, And a ( 'lirbtma'- l':t r<l i!I April, is con~idered up to date, ·w11ere we never ha,,t~ a pay day, and never have a <·ent. BuL we 11cver 111iss t11c 111011ey 1cau~c ,,e'd ne,·er get it spent. I'.~~::=== •~~~=~~~~~e"=:.: •=~--~ Snme\\liere m Nt'W Guinf',t, where the a11ts ,ltld ll;,;,1rds pl.1y. Ami ,t l111mlrr1i ltl'Sl1 lllOsquitoes, take th" p!al'e or ever_y one you slay, Sn l,tkf' me h,H-'.> to Ille P !-;, A. s11bst1 , 11te for il c ll. to_.. For some, war is dirty business. Here's an American soldier in sniper suit, plus camouflage markings on hands and face The soldier blends perfectly with foliage and is virLuall,1• invisible from a few yards awar. :~t �Informal Portrait Where Jap Ships Were Sunk - ~ • MAIN JAP"N!<;E IIASES •"' ' IR£LAN1> & roo tu:w RABAUC ""• ooo.Ai;f, ,. SIJ'A I This lTlap of the Solomon island area shows how the Japanese armada invaded the Guadalcanal area from three dir ections only 1 w·th goggling natives rear, as a n interested audience, ,Gen . Thoinas A. Blamey, second tro'm left, Australian_chief of Allied Land F o~ces, chats with some of his informally athred men at a New Gwnea base. (P assed by censors. ) to be routed by the U. S. Navy in a three-day n aval battle ena~·n,, In victory !or the U. S. A total of 23 Jap ships, lncludin battleship, cruisers, destroyers and transports, w ere sunk by o U. S. American losses were put at eight ships by the N avy. ~ Letter From Soldier: Short, but Eloquent ! Harrisburg, Pa., Nov. 24-(JP) -When Private Dick Theurer of the Marine corps came home on his last furlough, his ~ather, Symbols of War-and of Peace Ben Theurer. as}.:ed h~m to write frequently •'even if you have no news to tell.''. , The father has just received this letter: Dear Dad: . Affectionately yours, Dick. P.S.-Boy, am I tired!'' A tiny fairy tern, taking advantage of a lull in the roar of battle which rages in the Pacific, lights for a moment on this United States Marine's tommy gun. The little white bird, re. semb1ing the dove of peace, appears quite comfortaQle, thank you, on the grim gun barrel, which is ready to spit fiery death at the 1 sight of a Japanese. Picture was taken on Midway island. d re fi hting southward to Sanananda, in an effort Australian troops have entered Gon\ '.'1-n f~rmel by American troops in Gen. Douglas Macto close circle around a~ Euna_ Arthur's command, whoJap arf'base slash111g their. eing way nor th through the jungle. Capture of Buna would throw Japs out o! entire Papuan New Guinea. ��MacArthur in as New Guinea Drive Gains I o -7- ..,.,__ GENERAL MAC ARTHUR'S when fol'ced to make a parachute HEADQUARTE-RS, Australia, jump from an army plane.) (Wednesday) LPJ- The Allies' co- MYSTERIOUS RETREAT ordinated land and air offensive The mystery of the Japanese against the Japanese Guinea continues in full in New overland retreat, now in its 10th course day, was heightened by the Japa- nese convoy which American bomband still without major opposi- ers caught Monday as it •sped tion, the southwest Pacific com- northward from Buna. It was not mand announced today, Australian jungle troops pressed on from Kagi, only a scant four miles from the narrow pass leading through the Owen Stanley mountains, the communique said, picking up still more territory in their so-far unimpeded advance toward the enemy's main positic,ns on New Guinea. MAC ARTHUR •1N FIBLD Allied bombers, at the same time, returned to the attack on Buin and Buka harbors in the northern Soloman islands. Still other air units visited Ceram, far to the west between New Guinea and Celebes in the Dutch East Indies. (GeneraJ MacArthur was on the scene giving personal attention to · operations in New Guinea, it became known yesterday. A delayed dispatch from "somewhere in New Guinea'' disclosed MacArthur was on the island Oct. 3, when he presented the U. S. army's Silver Star award to Vern Haugland, Associated Press war correspondent who made his way to safety after being lost in the jungle 43 · days ADVANCE BASE Two P39 pursuit :ilanes of the United States a rmy take off for combat from a new advanced Am er ican base in New Guinea. From bases like this, American bombers ha.ve been taking off for heavy r a ids ·o n Jap bases north ot Australia. Forced- Down, U. S. Army Flyers Make New Friends ' l;;I~.:~';';).,,,,,. _,,,,. ..=,, ,,., ..,,,,7,·•·, "'"' ·.",.,., ,,,, / 0 ~- By Stanton! Tin Hats . When these crew memb~rs of a U. S. Army Flying Fortress were forced down In New Guinea while returning from a raid on the Jap base at Rabaul, New Britain, they passed the time ,\•aiting for help by making fricnc;ls with the natives from a nearby village. They are pictu red above with some of the village's feminine. population. The bomber was enabled t o take oft by portable metal landing strips flown from an American base. ------- -------- clear immediately whether this con.. 0 ;c:n;va:r w~:~dr:;;~pt~~·c:~ f1~ ~ reinforcements there. There was a possibility that the Japanese might make a stand at Kokoda, some 50 miles inland from Euna. But the speed of their head.. long flight raised the question here that they might be rel eating their performance at Milne bay, south of Buna, from where they with drew an invasion fo1·ce i n the face of great Allied odds. Monday's attack on a convoy, which consisted of two destroyers and a largf> transport, was but one phase of Allied aerial operations in which the Japanese were pounded all the way .from Rabaul, New Britain, in the north to Euna. //•20 (Releued. b'J' The Bell e dtcate hie. ''It's simp1e, Butch-six deft strokes an' the spud is peeled-an' the boys can't say they ain't gettin' a SQUARE MEAL!" �2Transports Sunk With Thousands of Troops Six Enemy Warships Destroyed in N,ew Reinforcement Attempt By INTERNATIONAL NEWS SERVICE WASHINGTON - American warships have utterly crushed another Jap reinforcement force bound for Guadalcanal, the navy announced Thursday, and in a furious battle north of the island Monday night sank two enemy cruisers or large destroyers, four other destroyers, two transports and a cargo ship. Naval spokesmen estimated that the Japs lost 4,000 to 5,000 troops alone when the transports were blasted to the bottom, and not a single enemy soldier reached shore except as a prisoner. The second triumph in a month over Japanese naval forces in the Solomons was said to have cost the United States one light cruiser and damage to several other vessels. Giving the lie to the Tokyo radio which stated earlier in the day that American war ships had been blasted right and left against the loss of a single Jap destroyer, the navy figures gave U. S. forces & top-heavy victory, ' J'AP·TRAP WORKS The Japs apparently fell into a ! well-laid trap. They had been generally expected to make another attempt at reinforcing their troops scattered in the hills of Guadalcanal as soon as they were able to patch their wounds suffered in the !devastating defeat earlier in No'Vember which cost them 38 ships ''Y'know, Sarge- sorneOm es_ I \'\_'onder why the Nips tried so hard to HOLD this blmkety-biank island!" su~~o~;i:~:J;! from the north-{ ern Solomons late on Nov. 30 (Sunday U. S. date), the Jap flotilla was intercepted by an American te.Rk force apparently lying in 'wait. The battle continued through part if not all of the night. Whetl\_er the entire enemy force WW! , wiped out or whether some man l~~r1!~11- ~~~~~erani:e es~~;Z~ 1not 0 i 21 Jap Planes w:! me.de known. FEW JAPS LEFT But the only Japanese mentioned as being in the vicinity the next day were several sailors on a life raft. · They identified one of the ships in the smashed invasion force as the destroyer Takanami. The desperate straits of the Japanese still holding out on Guadalcanal was made apparent by the enemy's effort to reinforce them regardless of cost. It has been considered likely that all resistance to the American marines and army troops must ceBBe soon unless fresh supplies are brought through the now iron blockade around the island. FOES FALL BACK The Japs on Guadalcanal have been falling back steadily and jn the past ten days have shown no concerted. res1stance, let alone of• 1, fensive spirit. In a n earlier communique Thursday the navy said the 55 Japs had been killed in patrol clashes northwest of Henderson airfield. The navy reported Wednesday that 51 of the enemy had been slain in similar jungle skirmishes when ma.. rines and soldiers wiped out several artillery and machine gun nests. Steady depletion of the enemy forces on land, however, has been overweighed by the terrific cost in men and materiel suffered by the Japs at sea. From 30,000 to 40,. 000 Nipponese were said to have perished tn the Nov. 13-15 naval battle. Allies Smash 1 I .TAP PRISONERS-Japanese prisoners, captured on Gt1ada leana l, wearing split-toed shoes to aid them in climbtrees to spy on and ~nipe at their enemies. Chinese call • them "ti2~nkey men", \ ~ ·) _ 'f-:i, MacArthur's Airmen Blasts at Foe on • Portuguese Timor l:t ·'1-·'I-"-, ALLIED HEADQUARTERS . IN AUSTRALIA UP) - Gen. Douglas MacArthur's plane-s, which on Wed.. nesday scored a big aerial triumph by downing 23 Jap Zeros ovet" northeast New Guinea, have de,. stroyed or damaged 21 more Jap Ia.n~ in a raid on Koepang at theout1}{\~st tip of Portuguese Tlmor, ~ he '/ugh command announced Thur.3day. This raid, which caught the Japs so completely by surprise that their :,grounded planes were devastated by the cannon and machine gun flre of the low-flying Allies, over4 shadowed the news from New Guinea where split groups of en• emy defenders are entrapped at Gana and Buna. The noon communique reported only Intermittent ground fighting in t~ose areas in which the Japa, cleverly dug in, were 11 resistingstubbornly." The Koepang raiders damaged or destroyed 18 Jap bombers and three fighters, leaving fires among the aircraft and fuel dumps which were visible for 50 miles away. Much bombing attention has been directed by Gen. MacArthur at Portuguese Timar, northwest of Australia, since receipt of reports that the Japs, faced with possible loss of New Guinea, were moving in troops and equipment. Many of these plane raids have been occupied with the strafing of troops in Timar towns. �Remember Pearl Harbor, Tojo? This "madated J ap is typical of- the prh1onen taken on Guad,.. aloanal where American encirclement kept supplies or reinforcements from reaching the enemy. I Jap Diaries Reveal Fear ~-\°'_,...3 Enemy Get~ Jittery at Inability to Fight Flying 'Forts' Bayway, N. J. - ''Our combat planes cannot get close to the enemy Flying Fortresses. It is very regrettable that the nly alternative is for us to flee from being killed." So reads an excerpt from thE! diary of a captured Japanese, as translated into English and made public by Lieut. Col. Charles E. Kerwood, army air force. "Due to our anti-aircraft guns being ineffective," reads an excerpt from another diary, ''United States planes circle around a~d drop their bombs on essential places. As we have only rifles, our only alternative is to flee from that area. It doesn't seem sol• dierly for us to flee as we watch the planes. l believe if friendly I planes were here-even those inR tferior seaplanes-the enemy wou~d disappear. I often think that antt• aircraft guns and machine guns are not very effective." Diary Oriticize& Officers. A translation from a third diary HE'LL WHIP JAPs-Japanese warlords didn't count on Gen. Doup;las l\'lacArthur a year ago. Pictured above, hero of Bataan is seen inspecting United Nations positions in New Guinea from front seat of a jeep. \ ~-S-'f-l... r~~:e started to construct the air•raid shelter at 5 a. m. However it was behind schedule. T~e.re ~s n~t even a single high official wb.o can look into the future. An air assault occurred at 9 :30 a. m. and every soldier fled. The com· manding officer was very dis· pleased and gave a l~cture, saying; •It is soldierly to die by bullets. However, when it comes t? actual bombardment he would disappear first and the subordinates are very' unpleasant about this situation." That the Japanese In the South Pacific are in a state of jitters ii indicated in 8.nother ~xcerpt. "Last night," it reads, ..I stoorl. guard at the working place but there was no air raid. Even the motors of the automobiles wcttld get us all _e_x_c1_te_d_.•~•- - ~ �-- BUNA JAPS IN DR.OVES - ---------'"-"',_-_;i.'-'-'>1-_-_+..c?::ic....,.._~ - - - - - - - - - Three G. R. Men~ Trapped by Jops, Outwit Them Surrounded by Japs in a swamp e .~ s fnade ·a maj<f' ¥arch~ between the sea and the ma'.in -1942. Hts wife reside(• in Ht>llandr1 American lines, an Amerjcan raidMich. ing party composed of Michigan Sergt. Kramarz was a radio man men, including three from Grand in the trapped outfit and volunRapids, spent a whole night lying teered to accompan} another man in the sticky Pacific mud, hoping :;. reach the closest American p,rand praying for rain or help. "I'm not going to order you lo The silence was broken by the continual chatter of a Japanese go," Major Zeeff told Kramarz. officer, evidently American edu- 1 "Major, it it will do any good,) cated, who kept calling: "Give up, I I'm goin' !" Kramarz answered. fellows; come on, give up." And he went. 1 Not a single American soldier Sergt. Kramarz. who is only 27, I dared to answer, for to have dontf has a son, Jol'!eph, Jr., whom he so would have been to give away j Ihasn't seen, since the youngster ts their lmsitiqn, aerowtng fo .a." ,.~ but three months old. Mrs. Kraport ll'om a correspondent for a 1 marz, 413 Cass ave., SE., is assistChicago news service. The slant- ant to Dr. Louis Chamberlain of eyed officer continued his entreaty, this city. but ths American party knew what BOXING CHAMPION awaited them if they b?lieved him She expressed surprise and pride -for ahead, hair buried in the over her husband's heroic work. , tall swamp gra~s, lay the bodies "He used to be quite frail several I of wounded soldier~ who had been years ago,•• she chuckled, "but he's surprised by a Nipponese patrol. quite a he-man now.'' THREE G. R. MEN f Sgt. Kramarz was the middle- I Meanwhile, Maj. Bert zeeff of weight boxing champion of the regGrand Rapids, with a youthful ap- iment the year it entrained at pearance that belied his 44 years Grayling. Mrs. Kramarz echoed even though he was decorated in her husband's admiration for Major 1 World war I and carries a Ger- Zeef. man bullet in his right shoulder, "In fact," sne smiled, ••it was 1 ' hugged the jungle floor beside through Major Zeef's efforts in J his troops, while the Jap officer Louisiana that my husband was . kept repeating his plea for sur- ! able to advance to his present rank, render, In his party were staff so we could get married." The Sergt. Joseph Kramarz and Corp. couple was married in Louisiana In Robert McGee of Grand Rapids July, 194~, shortly after Krama~z and Maj. Bernt Baetcke of Trav- had attained his staff sergeants erse City. rating. An existl~g. army oi,:d~r at This officer of the Mikado must that time proh1b1ted marriages have been American educated, ac- am?ng enlieted . men below that 1 cording to a dispatch received tty ratmg, she explained. ISJ.. ~cial cable from the scene for Major Zeef, in the Japanese epi1 the Chicago Daily News. Usually sode, sent word to the colonel comJaps avoid pronouncing any Eng- mantling the unit statlhg: "It's lish words containing the letter pitch dark here and we've got four "L,'' but this fellow was not imi- men to bury and nine wounded with tating an American office1· as they I only three stretchers. Can't you frequently attempt to do, the dis- send us any reinforcements?'' patch 1·evealed, but was calling for The colonel answered that reinthe surrender of the trapped party. forcements were impossible to seAcco1·ding to the spe ~ial corre- cure and that Zeef would have to pendent to whom Major Zeeff maneuver his men out of the trap poke, the JapB were being ex- as best he could. traordinarily accurate with their MADE STRETCHERS ~achine gu_n fire .. On 01_1e occaMa •or Zee! says "We ra ed f~r s1~n, a ~old1er behmd. MaJor Ze~ff rain !nd we got s~me _ Pan:way, a 1 ~r~~~~ h~s ~:;z:tet 0~ : :ih1:~d g~n; little. . We needed that; b~cause fire hit the mud ahead of him, when 1t. rains the pattering m the twice piercing his mosquito net- ~or:st th1des allt~ther ~oise:. wre~ ting about his face. mak~!g g:i:e mo~e orst::tchoerss a: WON PURPLE HEART knowing that we were under lire "He just looked at me and his I said that hatchets could not be eyes seemed to say, 'I'm all right','' used because of the nolae, and that disclosed Major Zeeff. ''He didn't the men must whittle them out dare move his face." of saplings with jackknives. Some Major Zeeff was born in The of the men murmured that tt was Netherlands, but came to America impossible. But they made them d Grarui.Rauids a.La.n..earJy ~ all the same." During t~e World war, be enlisted Sergeant McGee of Grand Rapas a pnv~te in_ company K, a ids, formerly a fo~tball player for Grand Rapids umt of the 126th in- Central high school who made the fa.ntry regiment. He rose rapidly i 1939 all-city team as an end proved through the ranks, was awarded to be the jungle guide tor ihe out-- if I I 1 r I' I I i lj Order of the Purple Heart and lit In the return trip back to the as~:~~~ Cluster for his over- American lines and safety. All the , \fter the war he served with mounted division of the MichlState police in Lansing He 'uated from the Fort Be~ning try scbool and was commis• 4 U.utenant In 1923, dead were burled and the nine ' wounded ~en ~ere dragged back i into American Imes after two holl;ra of stren~ous maneuvering, the dispatch disclosed. Jap'S pocketed in the Cal'"' anda sector. It is these poh.. lS which Gen. MacArthur has report. ed intricately fortified by the Japs who are understood to be under orders o! their emperor to fight to the death. 11 0ur air units are active in the ( (:Suna) area and northward along the coast," the communique re-MacArthuis Men ported. The bombing and sinking by the Bury Hundreds of Japs of the British corvette, HMS Foe on New Guinea Armidale in recent action near Portuguese Timor wa'S disclosed. ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN Allied bombers raided the air• AUSTRALIA (Thursday) UP) - ,p.rome at Cape Gloucester in New Japanese enemy fortifications have Britain island and at Jacqulnto bay been breached in many places in in the same sector a reconnaisthe Buna area of New Guinea by l sance unit shot down a Jap fighter Allied troops, Gen. Douglas Mac and damaged two oth,ers. Also in Arthur announced today. ~ &rM, Alliccl. plan&s ,strafed a "Many hundreds of his (the 'Jap cargo vessel anchored offJapanese) dead are being buried 8hore. by our. troops/' the noon communi• TJIREE OFFICERS WOUNDED que 'Said. Th d. t "His situation must now be ree wo~n 1.ng of hre& United garded as desperate.'' ~tate_s br1ga?1er generals in the f1ghtmg against the Japs in the HEAVY FIGHTING Buna area of New Guinea was an• The 1ocation of the breached 1tnounced today by Gen. MacArfortifications was not stated but thur's headquarters. recent communiques have told of The generals wounded were Hanheavy fighting between Euna vil- ford McNider of Mason City, Ia.lage and Cape Endaiadere to the previously reported - Albert W. east, both places now in •Allied Waldron of Rochester, N, Y., and Allies Breac~ Enemy's Forts I I l ~:::rsie:~~ ~~~e~;~~h~~n~!!! ~~;~ Clovis E. Bye~ of Columbus, o. 1 ., �\').-\'1·*~ SOLDIERS IN THE FIELD UNDERGO HARDSHIP TO TRANSFER SICK AND WOUNDED TO HOSPITALSThe sluggish New Gujnea rivers are no barrier to stretcher-bearers when a Wis. The other men are not identjfied. With every man needed to carry the fight sick American soldier needs hospitalization. The two men at the left are Corp. to the J aps, no time is lost in giving expert treatment to those overcome by Wiley Parrish, of Detroit (extreme left) and Corp. Albert Perhai, of Superior, wounds or tropical ailments in the jungle country, \ TIN HATS United States troops with field equipment head into midstre.am in an outrigger to board small boats that will take them down an unnamed river to a forward position in New Guinea. They are among forces pressing Japs in the B 1na vicinity. (;).... ··\ 0 . 't- 2... By Stanton �TIN HATS By Stanton Side by side at the army's Aberdeen, Md., provin& cround • it an American jeep, left, and a German volksvagen, people's car. IMacArthur Cites 12 High Officers ~MC. 1 1f-3 \A '>t. Surgeon Gives His Own Blood, Saves Soldier "lt'b pretly, Sarge-but if thos<' Nips had w"Jrn hE.·imets in assorted · colors, it'd look more like a •CHRISTMAS TREE!'' Xhey'll Do It Every Time \, ? ~., .,.. By Jimmy Hatlo Somewhere in New Guinea, Jan. 4.-(Delayed) - (UP) - A soldier, stretched on an operating table in a stuffy little hospital tent near the Bumi front, was dying New Year's Eve despite everything Lts. Raymond Tice and Irving Maisel, the Army surgeons, could do. The soldier's arm and shoulder had been shattered and the doctors had amputated immediately because gas gangrene was setting in. But the shock was proving too much for the soldier and injections of blood plasma were not helping. Suddenly Tice _of Summerville, Kas., who joined the Army last March immediately after he finished his internship, had an idea. The soldier's dog tag showed that his blood and that of Tice were the same type. Minutes later Tice was making a transfusion of his owil blood dlrect to his patient. Sweat poured from the young surgeon's brow_ as 1 the blood flowed from his veins to that or the unconscious man on the rude table, Gradually the wounded man's condition improved. His heartbeat became stouter. Three hours later he had passed the crisis and by the time this story reaches the United States he will have been flown to a modern hospital in Australia. Tice and Maisel, from Newark, N.J., hadn't planned to spend New Year's Eve in the operating room, for they had a date with another officer to split a can of grapefruit juice and cut a fruit cake that pad arrived from home. But when eight natives arrived, after carrying the wounded man on a litter through several miles of ankle-deep mud, they forgot their plans and went J to work. ,__.--------- for BunaVictory Two U.S. Divisions Praised; Midwestern Youths in One Group United Nations Headquarter:., Australia, Jan. 9. - (UP) - Gen. Douglas MacArthur, in an order of the day citing officers and men of the United States and Australian Air Forces for bravery and cffici .. ency in the Papuan campaign, said today: "To God Almighty I give thanks for that guidance which has brought us to this success in our great crusade. "His is the honor, the power and the glory for ever. Amen.' 1 MacArthur said it was his high honor to cite for extraordinary: courage, marked efficiency and precise execution of operations 12 high officers who led the victorious cam .. paign. All Awarded. T~e cited, all of whom received tht:.. ~s.tinguished Service Cross, "the highest decoration at my disposal," were: Gen. Sir Thomas Blarney (Australia), commander of Allied ground forces in the Southwest Pacific. Lt.Gen. George C. Kenney, rom-mander of Allied Air Forces. Lt.Gen. Edmund Francis Herrin~ (Australia). Lt.Gen. Robert L. Eichelberger, commanding U.S. troops in Papua. Maj .Gen. Richard K. Southerland, chief of staff, Southwest Pacific. Maj.Gen. George Allen Vase (Australia). Brig.Gen. Charles A. Willoughby, assistant chic! o! sta!!, intelligence, Southwest Pacific. Grig.Gcn. Ennis C. Whitehead, air forces, New Guinea. Brig.Gen. Kenneth Walker, air forces, New Guinea. Brig. George Frederick Wootten (Australia). Brig. Kenneth William Eather (Australia). Group Capt. William Garing, Royal Australian Air Force. Two U.S. Div'isions Cited. Specially cited among the ground forces tor "magnificent conduct •.. operating under difficulties rarely if ever surpassed" were the 32d an 41st United States Army divisio in addition to the Australian 6 and 7th divisions, 6th Independ,n Commando unit and other elements and the native Papuan carriers. The 32d is composed largely o Wisconsin and Michigan men an the 41st of Oregon, Washin&to Idaho and Montana Nation Guardsmen. �. ~ ' " ·· UlJ!i uKAND RAPIDS HERALD, -··· - SUNDAY, JANUARY 3, 1943 1Work of Task Force in Soufh Pacific Described \,.,... ,-t) A steamy jungie frontier, lush in the Pacific is told1 they are go-.f - -- with palms, mahogany and teak, ing to be amazed at the area ingay with vari-hued orchids and volved." ever-bloominoshrubs and inhabI~ a general wa1, the force of 0 ' which Sergt. Burdick was a part ited by tribes of smiling black na- moved north from the Cor al sea to tives, clad according to sex in the Solomons. While they were clouts or mother hubbards building island bases, the Japanese Ibreech of dazzling dyes - that is the ro- w~re attempting _to do the same I mantle background for the ultra- thmg, ~o their Journey was far realistic type of modern warfare fr?m bemg _a pea ceful construction in which Sergt. Carl W. Burdick, tt•1p. Sometimes tq.e. .lapa_nese were now home on furlough, has been already ensconced on an ~sl~d antl engaged since last April. th~n there was sharp fighting to Strictly speaking, Sergt. Burdick drive them off: is here not on furlough but what From the skies the Japanese_ atis known as delayed routing, for tempted to watch th e American he has been ordered to this coun- movemen~s and th e task force was try to enter officers training school several times bombed. They w_ere at Aberdeen provin? grounds, Aber- ~eetl!f1~ ~fn•~ {:P~~=~e deen, Md., and will_ report . the_re rate it's clear th!t th~ task fore! ?-bout ~an._ 8. Meantime_ he is v1_s- was always able to continue its is1ttng h1s sisters, Mrs. Nick Stelhn land-to-island mission, so that the of 265 Alger st., SE., and Mrs. Hen- Japanese opposition cannot have ry Warren of 500 Delaware st., SE. been too effective. GRADUATE OF SOUTH GREETED BY CHIEF The sergeant is a graduate of . South high school and attended Some of these islands ar7 so close Junior college here. Before his in- together, two or ~hree miles only, duction into the army he was em- tha! t~e A~er1cans employed ployed at the Haskelite Manufac- ~:;1~~:!n ~:\~~e~e~~~:~:f~~i~;f; ~uring corporation. He '_Vas ftr~t friendly, . the American soldiers ~~~fc!~~ i~!ofoi~o~i~~m6ct~~e~~~~ fountl. . . released under the order given at . "Wh;,n you go i~to a_ n~hve that time releasing selectees who village, . Sergt. Burd1c~ s~d, you th always fmd that the prmc1pal coral 28 w~: ~~~e call!~ b;ck into service path leads to the hut ~f the chief. in F b"r a d ft When we approached his house the 1942 mont~'s ~r:~ing in' c:~for!ia~~a~ chief always came out to welcome sent with a task force to the south- us and usually pres_ented us _wtth a 1 ern . Pacific, h!s unit arriving !n :e°:des~ ;~: n:lv!~u~reo~e~i:,~i:; April just in time to take part m to work for the Americans but ~~e ::i:le i~f !!1:s C~rr~n~eash'~~~e~~ quite child-like." more than one sen!'e. y Most of the nativ~s have learned ,A: task force, Sergt. Burdick ex- s~me wo rd ~ of Enghsh, .sergt. BurPl8;1ned, is a fully self-sustaining dick expla1?~d, and w1_th gesture unit, with engineers, medical corps and repetition, A~encans can and other branches of service as· manage to talk with them. and well as the combat services. Sergt. give instructions for simple tasks. Burdick is in ordnance. A native would take a party of The mission of this particular Americans in his outrigger canoe task force was to work among the for a nickel or a dime when the myriads of islands in the southern task force first came to the region, Pacific, building permanent bases the sergeant added, but now that and airfields whei·ever among the friendly natives have learned these mountainous coral islands more about American money, "a such fields were possible. Small dollar" is their standard fee, hospitals were erected at the . bases, also. As soon as one base Most of the larger _Islands, he was completed the task force sai?, have coconut ~r coffee planmoved on, so that it became a say- tations run by Engltsh or French ing with the men that just as soon planters. An imported race, called as they got. a - place fit to live in by the soldiers the Tungunese, a they moved out of it. branch ot the yellow r~ce, are e~THOUSANDS OF ISLANDS ployed on th e plantations a nd m "Nobody can imagine the thou- the homes of planters as servants. sands of islands there are in this MoS t _ of t~iese yellow men 1:new area of the Pacific," said Sergt. English fairly well, th e A~ertcans Burdick. "People know of the fo~nd , but they were withdrawn Solomons antl the Coral sea, Aus- a~d unwilling to talk, muc~ less tralia, New Guinea. They don't frte?dly characters t~an the island realize how much other territory natives. To the mmd of Sergt. is being covered in this war, and Burdick, the Tungunese also conwhen the whole story of the war trasted very unfavorably with the ~~t1;,fr:::t ,m the most remote quarters of the southern Pacific come pictures, censor-passed and brought here by Sergi:. Carl w. -(k of Grand Rapids, now on furlough before entering officers' ) ft school. Above, a typical group of South Sea natives, among 11\ his task force has worked; below at left, a washroom, built tor th'W" soldiers by natiyes in their own style with woven coconut branclaes and grass roof. Right, Sergt. Burdick, standing on the lawn ot a French commissioner's home. ' -----------1 neat, clean, intelligent Javanese could. Sometimes a letter from employed on certain islands. home got through in 12 days and BRINGS GRASS SKIRTS sometimes it took four months. . No games that took more equip-, Just to show h_e'd really been_ in ment than a deck of cards were the southern Pacific Sergt, Bu rd_tck available. Carving mahogany and brought . back so~e g1·ass skirts teakwood fragments was one pura~ong ht~ souvenirs. However, he suit that met some favo:r in leisaid, the islanders no long_er wear sure hours. t?ese ex~e~t upon. ceremonial occaThe task force labored on, also, s1.0.ns __1'.-r.u.:;:nonary- mfluen~e has put without benefit of any cheers from the girls a11d women 1n mother the general public. First to last, hubbards, which they make them- Sergt. Burdick said (though with ~elves f~om the brightest hued cal- no sound of complaint in his voice) ico obtamable. the work of this unit has been unLittle general stores, not unlike publicized. The men on their lonethe country store of a generation ly jungle-swathed islands listen in or two ago, are found on the is- on short wave radio to many news lands, run ?Y the British and p,rograms. But their _ force, fo French tradmg ~rms , or by Tun- good reasons which will occur to gunese. Some mter-island com- any ~eader, was rarely or never merce and .$Orne commerce with mentioned, . Australia is still conducted, with Due ho1:or and. recogmtion cansmall steamboats or even wooden not be given this tas~, force at sailing vessels. pres_ent. But perhaps 1t s enough Copra is the principal export and for its members to know that over1 coconut groves a prominent fea- the island-dotted southern Pacificture of any island large enough today, in some of the most remote to be cultivated. . Iparts of the inhabited world, there For Amerlcanr. weather is so tor- are stepping stones for Allied rid" that whenever possible a rest ~~~n~~:no~ ~~:• j~~z~;dsc:;vde:a~~~ period is observed from 11 a. m. fof the coral, which wo~ld not have to 3 p. m. Sun helmets and sun ~been there but for these frontiersglasses must alwa~s be wa.rn when men of the Pacific. the men are outside during dayli~ht hours. ~n the rainy season ram may coritmue for three weeks at _a time,. so that clQthing and eqmpment is never dry. HEALTH IS GOOD Quinine and one of the new sulpha medici~es are a r_egul~r r:;t ~~ei:e ~~ezn. b:;~ s~:~:;~t;: against many diseases by shots before they are sent there. .. In genez:,al, health conditions were good t_n the task fore~, Sergt. Burdick said. The force hved on canned goods or on concentrated ratio_ns when necessary. There's no th mg very cheery about ea _mg a meal of the ~oncentrated _ration, the ser~eant said, bu~ he, said !hat the ration does_ 1:1amtam weight and strength_ as it IS claimed to do. As an experiment a group of men in his outfit, of whom he was one, lived for two weeks on the concentrated rations. None of them lost weight. Though Sergt. Burdick, healthy, Ii cheerful and well-poised, iS clear proof that morale can be maintained in a rain-soaked jungle, it is obvious that there weren't many outward aids to morale in the assignment his task force drew. Certalnly there were no cozy USO huts, and they hardly ever struck a base large enough to have even a pocket movie. Mail pursued them as best it �- AMERICANS OK LEAVE VISIT NEW 6UINEA NEIGHBORS. \-\G-"t>.} Overseas Papuan Victory Hailed~ by Allied Leaders , A•,, Br the Auoelated Pre.: ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA, Jan. 9-The triumph of Gen. Douglas MacArthur's troops in wresting the Papuan Peninsula of New Guinea from a Jap Army of 15,000 brought the General messages of congratulation today. Gen. George C. Marshall, United States Army chief of ataft, wired: "Heartiest congratulations for capturing Buna and on entire campaign in Papua, With the very limited mea~ available, the amount that , you have accompliehed is a tl"ibute to your leadership and to the fighting qualities of your soldiers. The wonderful work of your air force was an out.standing feat of the operations." Gen. Sir Archibald P. Wavell, commander of the British forces in India, wired: "Your success in the Papuan campaign. elicits my warmest congratulationJi.'' Gen. 11(' Arthur, In an order ot the day i.nnounced earlier, praised the officers who had the leading roles in the Papuan triumph and singled out elements of the 32nd (Red Arrow) Division and j other American and Australian units for the heroic parts they played in destroyed the Jap forces. The 32nd Division is composed largely of Michigan and Wisconsin soldiers. Associated Press photo HOT FOOD COMES TO AMERICAN SOLDIERS AT THE FRONT in New Guinea near Buna. The1e soldiers were in the line I I days. -P- .- �p AYER IN THE NEW GUINEA JUNGLE-An army chaplain from Detroit, Fr. Stephen Dzienis, and \ ~\ 0 - 't- 3 move up to the front at Buna. •-Those familiar with the Red Arrow - They arrived at a time when the IN FRENOH GROUP know that it never gives any otller Marne had been captured and the And so it went. They fought in kind of performance. battle of Chateau Thierry had been the Oise-Aisne offensive as the TRUE TO FORM fought. .Fresh troops were needed only American outfit in Gen. Man"What else do· you expect," they to keep the advantages that had gin's Tenth French Army. They ask, 'from an outfit that fought been gained and to press for more. marched 300 kilometers to the on five fronts in three major offen· The Red Arrow men were sent Rhine as front-line element of the sives in World War I, and that j into the hottest sector of the line. Third Army. For four months :vanquished 23 German divisions?" OVER THE TOP they occupied the center sector in That, of course, is only a sketchy Under German fire, they re• the Coblenz bridgehead, holding idea of what the Red Arrow did relieved the Third Division. Three 63 towns and 400 square kilo• 1 in the last war. It also had the hours later they went over the top meters of territory. ' , - 10• 'f.'.3 distinction of being the first Amer- for their first full taste of war. By the time It was over, more ican unit on German soil. They dashed across a clearing than 800 officers and men__._.l:lad Group Was First For six months the Red Arrow and lodged themselves in an been decorated by the American, lived continually under fire. It enemy woods. It was then they French and Belgian governments. American Unit struck heavy blows in the Aisne.. began the fierce assault that won Back in America, the Red Arrow Marne, the Oise•Aisne and the them their name. kept its traditions alive and be.. to Battle Its Way Meuse Argonne campaigns. It . Before them was a hill bristling came one of the . nation's crack gained 36 kilometers in fou~ at• :rwith German machine guns. The National Guard outfits. In Octa .. onto German Soil tacks and repulsed every enemy ;;mall woods in front of and be• ber, 1940, it was mustered into counterattack. hind the hill concealed other gun Federal service again and began In 1918, Michigan's Red Arrow BROKE EVERY LINE Jlests. But the hill had to be taken. trammg in Loms1ana. A few of Division blazed through the ArIt gained its name from the fact The men of the Red Arrow, 1 the men were 1918 veterans; many gonne Forest, leaving a glowing that it shot through every line the With no cover and with almos_t no , were sons of heroes of the old streak of history behind it. enemy put before it. The French, combat experience, were pitted Red Arrow. Today, a quarter of a cent~f? though had a different name for against well-protected Germans I ADY FOR ACTION later and halfway ar_ound e the me~ of the 32nd. who had been ordered to die at RE . globe, that stre~k of. ~1sto~ has I They called them 11Les Terri- their posts, if necessary, but to By the time the Japs struck at reappeared, and its bnlhance 1s un- bl ., hold the hill. Pearl Harbor, they vtere ready to dimmed. ;hile this may have an uncom• Despite the odds, the men of go into action. They left '!,he coun· The Red Arrow, Gen. Douglas plimentary sound to young Amer- the Red Arrow attacked. With try early in 1942, but. ~heir whereMacArthur has revealed, pl~yed a ica, the French didn't mean it that ma-0hine•gun bullets swarming abouts had been a m1,htary secre~ stellar p~rt in the. ~mashmg of way. They meant that the 32nd at them from the front and sides, until Gen. MacArthur s announce the Japs m New Gmma. :was ''terrifying" to the e!1emy. they crept and shot and slugged ment. . . "While all ground troops have ,II'he division, or a port10n of It, their way ahead. . While Michigan ltkes to think of performed admirably,,, the Gen- ~o~tered· :(la.ng-er __before Jt got When it was over the Red Arrow the I:,ed An-ow as its own division, eral announced Saturday. "ele• t 9 France. About 200 of their had the hill this isn't really true, bec_ause ~ome ments of the • • • 32nd (Red number were . killed when a Ger• The adva~ce continued, and on of it,s units are from W1sc.onsm. ! Arrow) Division ••• have been man submanne torpedoed ~he the seventh day they marched into But little strife has arisen _be• especially prominent." (Gen. transport Tuscania off the Scottish :Vesle. They had covered 12 miles, tween the two. ~t~te~ over rival MacArthur cited several other coast. where a gain of 12 yards would claims to the d1v1sion 5 glory. units also.) · 11 this bad any effect upon have been considered a triumph. Perhaps this is because both Announcement that the Red their fighting spirit, however, They had captured 18 vllla,ges and states realize that when the boys 'Arrow had been in combat in New it was only to inflame it. They trainloads of enemy supplies and of the Red Arrow are in there Guinia was news to many ot the had been In France only a brief the Germans were in hurried re• pitching there's sure to be glory folks back home. AMouncement time when Gen. ·John J. Persh.. treat. enough for all, Ing became impressed by their , that Its performance had been spirit and complimented them ------especially promi!}ent" _ was not. on It. 1918Deeds Are Recalled After Praise I l r �? (Allied Jungle Warriors, Count Toll of 116 Japs ( IAllies Breach Last Jap 1 By TOM YARBROUGH 1 · \ \-\S-'t-".!> Lines on Papua ,-,i. -+.Peninsula '.!. bombers and fighters maintained ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN their daily pressure on Japanese (Friday) UP)-Allied landing strips and bivouac areas. IAUSTRALIA, jungle fighters counted 116 dead striking along the New Guinea . Japanese Thursday and beat the coast from Sanananda to Madang. bm~hes for more bodies after a By TOM YARBROUGH tured after the forward positions ALLIED HEADDUARTERS IN were destroyed, The heaviest raid was aimed at AUSTRALIA (Saturday) ~ - An Allied break-through at Sanananda, New Guinea, in which at least 152 Japane!e were killed in one day's fighting Thursday was reported in today's noon communique by Gen. Douglas MacArthur. Sanananda, immediately northwest of Buna on the northeast New Guinea coast, is the only spot in aU the Papuan peninsula still held by a fragment of a .Tap army which once totalled 15,000. There jungle fortifications plus swampy conditions caused by recent rains had slowed up the cleanup drive. A spokesman a.t General MacArthur's headquarters did not amplify the official report which l!laid the arms and eQuipment ~er• cap- ' two-day foray against the enemy Lae where the Japanese made in the Mubo area, inland from Sa• no attempt to interfere while lamaua, and 12 miles to the south, Mitchell bombers, escorted by ! Lightnings, started big fuel fires I in New Guinea. It was the first reported land along the shore. Absence of Jap ! clash in that area in months. aerial opposition was in sharp con(However, increasing attention trast with last week when the enhas been given trails of the area emy sent over swarms of planes by starfing planes, according to in an attempt to provide cover recent communiques) . for a reinforcing naval convoy and, Continuing rainy weather kept for their plains, suffered the loss figl}ting down to a minimum on or damage of more than 130 the Sananada front but the en- planes. emy is being nudged back by pa- In ihe Salamaua sector, a forcP. trol activity. Sanananda is the ot Bostons made 16 strafing runs \ only point in all the Papuan pe-- over some enemy troops which ; nlnsula where remnants of a JaJ) might have been remnants of a ,army which once totalled 15,000 recent attempted landing at Mamistill are holding out. bare or stragglen from AlliedGeneral Douglas MacArthur's conquered Gona.. l 1 • I SUNDAY, JANUARY 10, 1943 is !!!t~Pa!~ei:~a:! ~Jo!!uJ:ia:!~! another Allied force concluded a three-day assault in which "heavy" casualties were inflicted and the Japanese area headquarters destrayed. Yesterday's communique listed Jap dead there as totalling at least 116. Bombers meanwhile struck far and wide, bla.Ating targets in the Tanfmbar islands, in the Aratura sea. harbor installations at Rabaul, New Britain, and supply dumps at Lae, New Guinea. A Liberator on reconnaissance shot down one of two intercepting fighters over Celebes, in the Dutch East Indies, and near Lae another Liberator knocked down at least two out of six. l New Glory .Is Old Stuff to the Fighting Red Arrow J)ivision - - In the Forests of France or the Jungles 6f New Gui~e.1,..-a----t~he=3=2~nd_S__,_m-as-he_s_O_n_ _ t !flf ~ ARROW INFANTRY IN ALSACE IN WORLD W.AB I Jnat home In _1918, Mi?hlgan men of r 9' ~:, ~ t: ',· ,_ - -~ .~ .~ • ·;e;: t- .. -~..,,,, ·_.·,.,. ...- - •,:,., ··. ffH, - - Rl:D ARROW ENGINEERS TRAINING FOR WORLD WAR U 32~ DlvWon have made history again In New Guinea hy hel11ing to mog up the Jal'!. • . - .-- · - · -I �"What the hell's the use of being up here, if nobody knows out to tired troops wbom he met I'm here?" he demanded. "I en route. want these- boys to know I'm Chlcpgo Tribune J:!'orblgn Service SOMEWHERE IN AUSTRALIA, gr~::· 1o!!~~':~fertab~:'s in there with them." 1 Jan. 9-Lieut. Gen. Robert I. Eich• vitamin capsuleJi. These he dis• The field telephone in its leather el berger, whose leadership of tributes with a lavish hand case on a tree jangled insistently. BY F. R. NODERER !':: A1:1erican tPOops in the Buna cam• a;~,e t~alt' ;::;~h!~r~~~a~~:i!e ~!fdr;~~-o~n~;c~!{~ie;_} :.,lb:~ pa1gn was revealed today, !?rob- j Eichelberger boomed out greetings swered it. · 41 ably has been shot at and missed to his soldiers as we fought our The artillery is falling short," more th)le~ than any ~ther. three- way forward thrOugh the jungle. said an excited voice. "It's fal1ing star Amerlc{l,11 general m this war. Near the front we encountered a near our advanced observation Eichelber~er is a soldier's sol• wo1.tnded soldier lylng in the mud, post." dier. Rll;Ilnmg a ~ar by remo~e his face pale and drawn, While Waldron was trying to control is somethmg he doesn t Eichelberger looked down upon get the artillery commander on understand. Instead of a rubb~r him and said quietly: the telephone to tell him to raise stamp, which forms the principal "Son, I am sorry you got it.'' his range, Eichelberger announced ~fir,1;11ame~t of many gen~rals, The boy was silent a moment, as that he was going up front to see Ike earn~~ a tommy gun. (He if polling himself together, and for himself if our shells were fallnot only cart1es lt-he .£~es it.): then answered: ing short, and he invited me along. "Sir, I wouldn't be the first man When we got there we found·! Am-ong the troops under Eichel- to die for freedom," that the artillery had been falling berger's command in New Guinea ARRIVE AT POST a little short. There was a crater ! were elements of the 32nd (Red In about 20 minute! we reached 25 feet from the advanced obserArrow) Division, which is com• the advanced command post, in vation post, but nobody had been posed largely of Michigan and the shelter of huge trees 300 years hurt. Wisconsin men. .. old. We waited there While the The observ&tion post was in a (A : New York Times Foreign artillery preparation went on. clearing in the jungle, where the Service dispatch from "SomeAs we sat there, the enemy Japs had established a bivouac. where in New Guinea" said that treated us to an air raid. Bombs' Gen. Eichelberger displayed a the Red Arrow troops, under fell so close that the trees shook. total disregard for Jap bullets. On Eichell;)erger, were concentrated Many of us crouched low, but numerous occasions I saw bullets, largely on the eastern sector of. Eichelberger sat erect on an up- which had crossed his shoulder 1 the Buna front, · which included tu,r.\l.e4 box. never batting an eye. and smacked into the mud of the the area from Buna village eastEichelberger is like--'- that. .He track from Buna, '150 yards away. ward through Cape Endaiadere. exudes confidence. , '"It won't g~ you unless- it has In the later stages of the fightThe Gener a I's subordinates your name on it," he said to me. st ing, the Americans were joined t~isre~z1:~ t!~e!h~: Ies<:~n-::_~~~~~ ht: f~atd nd ~6r!~.~traJi~n tank a .infa:"tr~ I went to the front, telling him that moments firing a tommy gun into the Japs always try to pick off the trees, trying to get some Jap American officers. snipe rs, Evenutally he was (The Times correspondent, F. wounded. Tilman Durdin, added: "The men JAPS HIT BACK of the 32nd in Buna met Japanese veterans at jungle warfare In the afternoon the Japs beand in their first fighting in this came angry and started a counter- I war bested the enemy.'') attack. Branches began fluttering down out of the trees as the firing Gen. Eichelberger arrived on the cut them off. Buna front on Dec. 1. Five days Pretty soon the Jap• sttlrted later he launched an attack, and working down the trail .with invited me and another corresponmortars, each bomb falling a dent to go along·and see the fun. little closer. We rode for 45 minutes in a Pretty soon the Jape started jeep, then struck out through t.he working back up the trail toward jungle swamp, slithering and slidBuna.- nice systematic fellows, ing through ank1e deep mud. In those Japs. his hand the general carried a box In the afternoon the General, of salt tablets, which he passed who had been enjoying himself all day, announced that he was going Turu to Page 2, Column 4 , right up that trail to Buna Village. The revelation that Gen. Eichelberger led the American troops in thls campaign was made today when it was announced that he had been awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. I ~;~;f ::::sd l!~ Bombers Rake Foe ~ inyGuinea .~ I 1 Allied Planes Maintain . Daily Attacks on Enemy Bases fBy Assoc iated Press.) t A1lied planes Wednesday pounded 1 Japanese bases at Lae, Salamaua, Madang and Finschhafen in northeastern New Guinea as heavy rains I slowed operations to stamp out the t_:i;apped enemy garrison at Sapf• ' nanda point on t])e Papuan pertlnsuta, Gell. Douglas MacArthur·~ headquarters announced Thursday. Lae which has been blasted r~lentl~ssly from th_e air since th<> Japanese landed reinforcements there last week from a badly battered convoy, was the target of especiaUy heavy raids. "In a series of co-ordi1'aled attacks our heavy. medium and attack units with strong fighter cov~r bombed the airdrome, harbor installations, stores. and barges," the communique said. "Damage was heavy and large fires were started. Supply dumps and barges along the shore were effectively strafed and ar.d an enemy fighter caught on the gro1,md at .Malaband was destroyed." At Madan_g and Finschhafen, far• ther ur the coast, the allied 3.ir• J men bombed and strafed enemy airdromes, while in the Salamaua area attack planes hammered en• I emy communication lines. I An allied reconnaissance plane I also was cred,ited with shooting 1 down two Japanese fighters and 1 possibly a third when intercepted by six enemy aircraft over Gas• mata, New Britain. The communique said nine enemy bombers had raided the wharf area at Merauke in Dutch New Guinea but h'°d caused neglizible damage. I Explains Delay In Guinea Push '1-3 I \ ~ )'t" Writer Describes Front: Tells of Talk With . Ada Soldier (By William F. Boni.) With American Troops in New !'I Guinea--(JP}-The very character of the front laughingly called the Sanananda front accounts in large degree for the slow progress of allied troops in cleaning out the vestige of enemy strength on the Papuan peninsula. An attack in force is due to be launched in time, but naturally it won't come until the Jap positions - well - concealed machine gun I posts, gun empl?cements and pill• boxes-have been located by small l :patrols which constantly are work- ' ing the area. I visited this "front" this week ,, with a unit of American troops and had an opportunity to survey [ it closely while the men reste1 I along the · jungle • bordered trru · leading to Sanananda point itself. I swapped stories about the States (they're all eager to know if prohibition has been put into effect) with Pvts. E. E. Brown of Ada, Mich., and Maurice Derdey, jr., of Fort Smith, Ark. Actually, the front is composed ~~j~~~::a~~ifs~ps and Americans j I I 1 1 His :first hot meal in 22 days brought a grin to the tired face of SGT. WALTER A. BARON, son of Anton \\'. Baron, 719 Scribner-av., N. W., on the Sanananda front in New Guinea, according to an Associated Press description with this picture. Sgt. Baron heaped his mess trays with "hot chow" after more thar.. three weeks spent In fighting the Japs in the jungles. \ Beyond one allied force, for in• stance, the enemy holds a wedgeshaped position between the main Sanananda track and another trail branching off to Cape Killerton. But beyond those Japs there are Americans who have closed off a part of the enemy's possible line of withdrawal. And within earshot of those Americans there is a Jap force less than 50 yards away. �Associated Press Pbotoe MICHIGAN MEN ARE VETERANS OF NEW GUINEA FIGHTING SERGT. NELSON WATERBURY, a soldier from Ypsilanti, l\lich., ascends by means of climbiug-irous to a palm tree telephone pole at Buna, New Guinea, to keep the all-impor .. tant communicaUons line clear. -.-SUNDAY, JANUARY 17, LINED UP alongside a. native hut in New Guinea, where Michigan's famed Red Arrow Divisfon has made new history, are these veterans, from teft, front row: Lieuts. Zina R. Carter, St. Petersburg, Fla.; Henry Gibbs, Jr., Morehead City, N. C.; Harold Evans, Robersonville, N. C.; \V. A. Sikkel, HOLLAND, ~JOH.; Charles Kanapaux, Brooklyn; Father Stephen Dzienls, DETROIT; Guy Willars, Indianapolis. Rear row: Lieuts. Lytle, San Antonio; William W111s, MUSKEGON, MICH.; John O'Sullivan, Medford, Mass.; Phillip Goldberg, of the l\larlnes, from Brooklyn; Capts. Lester Segal, Marine from ANN ARBOR, MICH.; Francis Larldn, Marine from Uniontown. ,v. s 1943 l \• \"'\ • 't.3 LT. GEN. EICHELBERGER AND NATIVE CARRIERS Th <' <'ommandcr of American troops in New Guinea, Lieut. (;en. Robert L. Eichelberger, Istands shirtless with a group of Papuan carriers who won the praise of Gen. Douglas MacArthur for their aid in transporting supplies to the battle front. A~SOCIATED PH.ESS PHOTO \-\·'"\··,;.-¥-3 IIK\KII\G TIIMI( WOl:I\DJ,;I) on a shoulder-high stretcher, American soldiers on the Soputa front near Buna, New ( :uinca, return to headquarters afle1 11 days fighting the Japs. �!Eichelberger-ls Tops, Sayi7 G.R.Man Who WosHisAidel re-1 If' you've a son, husband or At the" eiid of an hour I felt sweetheart serving under Lieut. lieved that he did not ask me to · Gen. Robert L. Eichelberger, com- butt my head against the wall of 1 mander of }he Ahierican trq,ops in l tl].e building, for if he h_ad I would Papua, you can-be thankful that l h~v~ do1;,e so unquestioning- and your soldier is under so capable a w1Jhngly. commander, A. L. Cooley of 717 Eich_elber~er proved to ?e a str!~t Kellogg st., SE., who served under but fair officer, a man with an Eichelberger in the first World cellen~ sens~ of humor, a comwar, said Monday. ~andmg ~ff1cer Vfho could both Eichelberger was awarded the give attention to mmute d~tails and tinguished Service Cross Satur- ~:!~ul~;.rough large proJects sueday by . Gen. Doug!as ~acArthur Before Cooley and he separated for serv1c~ in. the v1ctor_1ous Papu- Eichelberger bad been promoted to an campaign m Ne~ _Gumea, Th~re major in command of the first batts a strong probab1hty that some talion and Cooley was his adjutant. Grand Rapids soldiers particiBy that time Cooley had learned pated in this campaign. one of his superior's weaknesses, a Lieut. Gen. Eichelberger, now 55 passion for boots. Maj. Eichelberyears of age, after service with the \ ger was forever buying them, until infantry in this~ountry d°uring tbei· Mrs. Eichelbergei· was at her wit's ~ first World war, was chief of staff end to know where to stow ~hem, t G G • Sib i • J.9l8One day shortly before E1chel1~ ~:ted :~~ \~!;fH.cu- berger was ordered _to Siberia, in 1 0 1 ous gallautry and bravery when 1918, Cooley came _mto battalion he rescued a wounded enlisted man headqua_.rters, I we:.~ngb at brand at great personal risk. Prior to\ new pair of e k 1 e 00 s. the outb~·eak of this war Gen. Eich- MAJOR IN WAITING elberger was superintendent at Eichelberger spotted them at West Point, the youngest man ever once, questioned his adjutant to hold this position.. where he had got them and MET IN UTAH learned with visible regret that th Cooley's acquaintance with Gen. ;t:~:: had bought e last pair in Eichelb~rgcr goes back to days "He :went back to his desk," when the general was a captain of Cooley added, "with the words, infa.&1.try at Ft. Douglas, near Salt •If you ever get tired of them, La.Ke City, and Cooley was a brand you've got a customer right here new second lieutenant just out of waiting for them.' See EICHELBERGER-Page 10 "'Well,' I replied jokingly, •the o~~aining campMd scared only way the major can get th~se to his shiny bootheels at reporting boots is ,to command me to give th to a re~ular army officer for his ;~;~· he laughed •but if they 0 1 fi~t as~i~ment. were b orses I'd ran k you out of Rea~1zmg ~y many deficiencies them'-this referring to the old and being anxious to make good" • 1 said Cooley Monday, ..1 had take'n army custom that entitles an off • steps to provide m self w·th cer to take a horse ~ro~ another k y . 1 every of lesser rank or semor1ty." cii;;~yvo~~::~;t~~~n~~gt~il~~:~ "~he~ Eichelbe~g~r w~s ordered ice. All during the long train trip to S1ber1a,_ he agam mqmred about from the middlewest to Salt Lake the elk ~ude boots and Co~ley. reCity I absorbed, to the best of m peated his asse_rtion that he d. yield ability, their contents. Y them only on command but winked "Captain Eichelberger was seated rh~n h,~ added, i•If you command. at his desk when I came in, la.?L-~t Cooley " Eichelberger reboriously struggling with the in~ spon~ed · "you 'are hereby com .. trtcate problems of a company mantled' to divest yourself of one fund book. He looked u?. I stood air of elkhide boots and deliver : ~nee transfixed, expecting at any fhem immediate}y to Maj. Robert 0 my h:Jd t;nitt~:g u~~~:h~~itt~fs': L. Eichelberger and r~ceive from of my general looks and bearing to hi~ tl~e sum of $15 m paymen~, castigation of my ancestors from which 1s too - - much but thats Adam to the present time. what I'll pay." "Then he smiled, A broad, conCooley complied. tagious smile. "KNOWS ms JOB" "'!'here was a slight lift in the "When 'Ike' left us for that meclouds of distressing expectancy. morable trip to Sibei·ia," he con• WARM GREETING tinued, "I noticed a huge sheet of light canvas about the size of a .. He arose, came from behind his _larre bed lslleet. tied at the corners desk with extended hand and shook mine with a brand of sincerity not and containing heaven only knows to be mistaken for polite formality. how many pairs of boots. I wonder His first words were an inquiry as if he still collects them." to whether or not I had found "The soldier who is serving uncomfortable quarters. der Gen. Eichelberger," Cooley con4<He then reached over, closed cluded, ' 1 is under the command of the company fund book and escorta man who knows his job and ed me, first to the first sergeant, works at it every conscious mothen to other non-commissioned ment. If my son were going into officers present, after which we the armed service tomorrow for made a brief tour of the company active service, I would get down quarters and returned to his ofon my knees and pray to God that fice, where we talked for some time he be permitted to sarve under on everything but military matters. 'Ike' Eichelberger." I I a:«twa.!a;;~ Commands Many Michigan Troops \ -,:l,-'t~ Lieut. Gen. Robert L. Eichelberger, who was decorat.ed last week for distinguished service in New Guinea, is the man you'd like to ti;; !:1"~':~- s~ s;;::::-,19~~ori~~oti11!~n~~rc:~•ex;!1!!1! troops In Papua, Elchelberger's forces include many soldiers from Michigan and Wisconsin's S2nd and 41st divisions. I LIVING UP TO 1 A G RE AT TRADITION N\C6' GOI tJ • ,SiJT)T)'/! '~\ .(;/ -~ I :: �calls for watchful vigilance of this Michigan soldier, Corp. John A. Allman (right), of Horton, and his companion. Pvt. John W. Halsey, or Califomi:i. ey are manning a machine gun in front of a native village. Both are with U. S. forces which are wiping out Japs. Note contrast between straw thatched hut and tarpaulin which covers their dugout. �-~- Japs Doomed at Sanananda \- ~o-'t-3 ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Wednesday) UP) American and Australian jungle fighters tightened the 1 r lines around four pockets of doomed Japanese In the Sanananda sector or New Guinea Tuesday after tak :2Jap Bases ,Destroy~~--- -.3 Allied Troops Grab Two More Positions in Papuan Sector ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Tuesday) UP) - Al• lied ground forces pressing in from the west Monday destroyed two strong Japanese positions that pro-tected Sanananda Point, New Guinea, while other troops on the east moved forward with artillery. On the west side Gen. MacArthur's men took Cape Killerton, a .Allies Closing In on Papuan Japs ,-,,-If-~ mile and a half up the coast from Sanananda, and then proceeded against Wye Point, 700 yards far-, ther a long. There they encountered stiff resistance but. overcame it. The communique sized up the situation as a continuation of "gen- 1eral \ ing the village and Point Monday. Japanese were pocketed on the coast on both sides of Sanananda Point and in two places along the swampy Sanananda road which leads to the beach. Enemy casual• ties :were described as heavy but no figures were given. Twenty•seven were captured. Some Japanese escaped from dugouts and were wandering at large. Eighteen Jap bombers raided the Sanananda area in an attempt to aid their beleaguered ground forces but the communique said the at• tempt was unsuccessful. The first disclosure of the presence of any enemy submarine in Australian waters in several months came with the announcement that a small Allied vessel had been tor-pedoed and sunk. There were two casualties. Four Japanese bombers raided Milne bay "without effect" Monday night, following up a much bigger raid about noon Sunday. Allied air raids were reported on the Gasmata airdrome in New: Britain, supply dumps in the Lae sector, buildings and huts in Por• tuguese Timar and a town in the IKai lolanda, liquidation.'' Patrol activity in the vicinty of ' Mubo vllage near S4Jamaua 4, ,e.ecounted for the 40 Japanese caaulittes. A bomber on reconnaissance over the Bismarck sea west of New Ire11and had good fortune in finding '1 \ an 8 000-ton Jap cargo ship. The bomber planted two direct bits that set the ship ablaze and it sank in eight minutes. Two formations of bombers _and 1 fighters, which the commumque rated as large, hit Lae on New Guinea again in two separate dayUght attacks, destroying one fight• er on the ground and starting flree among suppl~stallations, I ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Sunday) UP)-Allied ground troops are closing in on the Japs at Sanananda, the last point held by the enemy in the Papuan peninsula of New Guinea, Gen. Douglas MacArthur's head• quarters reported today. An intimation of this approach• ing climax to the Papuan campaign had been supplied in yesterday's communique which told of an Allied break-through at Sanananda, which is immediately northwest of Buna. This thrust cost the enemy at l&ist 152 casualties. 1 Smash Grip-of \ Japs on Papua: Allied Forces Moving So Fast They Haven't Time to Count Victims \-i.\~lt-) I i ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Thursday) UPJ-AlJied juhgle fighters, moving so fast they didn't have time to count the enemy dead, further compressed Japanese pockets around Sanananda Point in New Guinea while Allied bombers attacked 10 points embracing practically the whole south Pacific area yesterday and the day . before. "The whole thing is crumbling," said a spokesman at Gen. Douglas MacArthur's headquarters concerninc tt,e ~apuan ground resistance of tl!e Japs. An enemy pocket northwest of the point wh,re the Sanananda road reaches the beach still \i..resisting and there is heavy flgh'\.mg on the other side of the point be~ tween Giruwa and Tarakena where the Japanese attempted to break ou~wo other enemy groups still are showing some fight along the inland road. One aboqt 2,500 yards inland has been split up. The bombers made their strongest call at Lae, starting new fires among supply installations. 1 1 WASHINGTON UP) Heavy bombing attacks on Japanese bases in the northwestern Solomon ta. lands .were reported Monday by the navy, which said that one bombing raid, on the island of Ballale, started fires visible for 50 miles. As both army and .n avy bomber• blasted the Jap positions 300 miles distant, ground troops on Guadal• canal island mopped up pockets of enemy resistance in newly con• quered areas on the flanks of the American posc.it:_io'-n_s_, _ _ War Echoes in Grand Rapids ,-~,-~:!. NEW GUINEA NATIVE BOY WRITES TO CORPORAL'S KIN, Iworth While in Australia Corp. EllsWoolpert, 30, made friends with a Koala bear and a carpet snake, he indicated on a postcard picture sent to his home here. Transferred to New Guinea, he became acquainted with a 6-yearold "Fuzzy-Wuzzy"-or New Guinea native-who had been taught by missionaries to speak and write Englisjl, . Corp. Ellsworth persuaded the boy, whose name is Joine Tau, to write. a letter to his 8-year-old nephew, Russell Swanson, son of Mr. and Mrs. Julius C. Swanson, 1741 Kalamazoo-av., S. E. The letter now is , one of Russell's most prized possessions. Although Corp. Ellsworth Is 0 1'.:ep.t very .busy" in New Guinea he ttnO~ time to write frequent letters, Be told his parents, Mr. and Samuel C. Woolpert, 1044 Lake Michlgan-dr., N, W., that Thanksgiving day had been "particular1y eventful" but· that he had come out of the experience unhurt. According to his most recent letter, dated Jan. 2, he still Among ·the "friends" that CORP. ELLSWORTH WOOLPERT made 1 is well. in Australia before transfer to New Guinea were a Koala bear and Ellsworth was inducted In April, a carpet make-friendly at least while this picture was being taken, 1941, and left for overseas service a year later. He is a graduate of . Union High school and Grand Rapids Junior college, and formerly . worked for the state as an oir Mrs. surveyor. �.. a. ~'I- 3 \'"" They Could Mean Kisses, but Censor 'Also Recognizes They May Be Code !!..--------------------------'! ••oceans I Washington - (JP) of love and X X X X X-Hiram." ".!'hose five crosses might very well mean: "Nyaaaaa, Mr. Censor, ya can't keep me from letting my gal know I'm going to north Africa with my outfit." So Mr. Censor cuts them out. Because Hiram might have it fixed up so that one cross would mean he was being sent to Australia, two to Papama, three to Iceland and so on. The Hirams and their girls will go to surprising lengths to keep each other infoTrmhaet~s• ywouhaktnot,hve. censor has to guard against-their saying something that might get to the enemy and give him vital information. Uncle Sam has thrown such a ring of censorship around this country t hat it keeps 13,500 censors busy. Keep Close \Vat ch . The letters people write are ~n1Y one item that th e censor;v~tc e~. Under Direct or Byron nee, t e office of censorship in Washington directs a sifting process-mostly at the country's borders-for all letters, cables and telephone conversations that cross the borders of tiol\ of freighter planes; buildings and equipment for handling planes at a certain base; information about anti-aircraft defenses, troop disposals, oil suppl~es and steamer routes. Some of this information was culled from letters written by the second type of uffender--..the person who doesn't realize he's possibly supplying vital information. Many persons apparently still don't understand just whcit the censor is looking for. Can't Ta ke Cha nces. Now you may be writing to someone outside the United States without the slightest intention of divulging any th ing th at would aid th e enemy, but because of some st range or unusual phrasing you employ th e censor may have to hold your letter up. He can't take chances. He's got a tough an(;]. thankless job. H e has to look very carefully int o such innocent-appearing thi ngs as grades of a student in this country writing to his parents, say in P uerto Rico. They might be a code. municating with the enemy was discovered through some samples of stamp collections he was mail• ing out. These were all neatly pasted up-so noatly that t he initial letters of the various countries spelled out a message. When the censor holds up a letter which might contain something dangerous it merell{_ may be delayed until any information it might impart becomes useless because it's out of date. Or it may be turned over to decodin g experts to see whether it's really a code. In certain cases 'it may be suppressed al together. F inally, if the rest of the letter is beyond question, the doubtful part is cut out. Generally, in all but the doubtful cases the average maximum delay is 24 hours, says the office -of censorship. If you're sincere and aren1t trying to put something across, just remember that anything unusual about your letter makes it fair game to be held up and investigated. American good nature often comes to the censor's attention. T here \Vas the gal who addressed a marine censor: "I Jove this Jeatherneck and if you take ou t a single sweetie-pie I'll never forgive you." One young lady got a much cu t ~ up letter from her soldier boy friend with this note from t he armv censor: 'Y Id ·11 1 ' our so ier st1 oves you, but A dangerous agent who was com- he _ta_l_k_ s _to_o_~uch." I co;~rft~:~~1{~~el~t~!;!e:~d cables that the censor really gets into his job. Personal letter writers let down their hair and speak their mind. First of all the censor has to look out for dodges used by people consciously trying to slip something through. I T h ese may be enemy agents, such f as the man in Alaska who wrote to a firm in this country asking for instruction:; about using invisible ink. L earn Secret Plans. Or the Alaskan who wrote to a neutral address that he was going a hundred miles into the deep woods to operate a radio station. • Censorship picked up ·a complete and detailed account of the Pearl Harbor disaster which, if it had reached Japanese hands, might have advised them as to the possibility of a followup attack on Hawaii. Here are some of the censored items from Alaskan mail : The number of planes at a cert ain poi nt; information on a convoy of mili- 1 tary transport s; bases and distribu- ·" 'lij,' GRAND RAPIDS, MICH., SATURDAY, JANUARY 23, Paid With Lives for Victory in New Gu,inea MAJ. HAROLD M, HOOTMAN,• c enter ; CAPT. JOHN D. SHIRL EY, r ight, and TECIL SGT, BE RT A. TOCZDLOWSKI, left. 11 MA6HIFtCEHT CONDUCT,Sl(.tLL AND COUIU6E' 'mac~ 812.IN61N6 NEW GLOR.Y ., , II~\ TO OLD GLOR.Y• \ - I"}- 't..3_ 1943. �Troops Battle Mud, Malaria . (Editor', n~, The I follo~~:lIi;)w:pidndgM!!ut l~pr Pockets pakh Js the first eyewitness account o! the fighting that broke the last or: Japanese resistance .on Papuan New , oun e arch Back. Then we m t th . . coming f e th e first traffic the Amer~~:. e other way- T · ~ - hat happened right away, The boy from Montana stepped out' in Guinea.) ___ the middle of the road· and yelle~: (By Frank H. Bartholomew.) there were th wiu nd ed. Usually "All you guys who got no bus1With the Allied Forces on the \ jeep on str t ~e 01Y.sdon a tople£S ness on this road get the h-1 off 1 • e c ers ai crosswise-- of it and keep off Gun crews Sanananda Front--<lPl - American one across the hood and two across service each mortar ~ith 20 round~ and Australian troops in close co- tht ~ back seat. Another boy of ammunition Guns will fire in r1pped · t , r1'des with . ' salvos 30 secon.· ds apart. I'll give operation really belted h-1 out of sthe d 1. to the d w ais the Japanese in the last fight of over 1ver an dwaves palm fronds the signal from the middle of the . le woun ed to keep the flies road by dropping my arm_ I'll / Papua, which started when a lad ~way and provide a breath of air have my helmet in my hand so you from Montana stood in a jungle m the dank stillness. can all see it'. We wart salvoes, road and dropped his arm in a f Thf~ wound~d boys were bound no ragged firing. Get it? All start firing" signal and ended or ield _hospital tents. There was right. •. " when the count of dead Japanese no moanmg nor complaining. His arm went down. stood at 475. S Next came t~e walking wounded. The noise of-,he first salvo was 1 The troops were called at 5 o'clock . ome had the r arms in slings and blended into one heavy concus50 and ~t was a black and heavy th~~ ~~~s t::porary patches over sion, but the show didn't really mornmg. But they. were glad !o d n_ecks. Son:~ stum- start until a few seconds later get up because 10 mches of ram ble~ al~ng sick with maJanal fever when all shells land together on had failen in the night, a good which lS th e curse of this Guinea the stubbornly held Japanese posipart of it coming through the coast. tion leaky tents and flowin~ down the b The. jeep ne~t entered a long The whole earth around the collars of the raincoats in which ;,d m th e ~rail toward the right. Japanese position seemed to go up because they had no Am:ri:~ear~y~~;~;~~~~ith the in the ' air. Furthermore, the cots were made .More will be heard about Hug. Road Blasted Out. from uneven tree limbs and jungle gms wh_ei; ~he war is over and the t'There goes my corduroy road, growth, which was not helpful to 32_nd d1vis1on goes home to the d-n it," says an officer of the getting a night's sleep, and most midwestern states. Huggins was engineers. "Now when the Japs of the men spent the night looking blast~d out of a thick jungle by are finally blasted out of there we out into the tropic downpour at gunfire ~nd gets its name from. a got to wade around in tbere and luminous toadstools on hummocks staff officer who took over com- rebuild the whole thing." ~ a:nd listening to the quinine J)lay ma?d of a company when its own The boy from Montana still stood tunes in their ears. officers were killed. in the road, his arm falling regu· Up Without Regret. No Qovering. larly every 30 seconds. I began to A good part of. the night those And this was the American base wonder how many ..Japanese lives men wondered why three nations for .. the final surge to clean out come to a sudden end every time . wanted thls hot, drowned country the Japanese from Papua. he swung that gI'€en helmet downbadly enough to fight for it. yve f~lt sorry for ourselves last wa rd · So they were up without regret ni_ght m _that 10-inch cloudburst But I didn't feel sorry for the · and off to the front six or seven with nothmg but a leaky tent over Japanese after I looked across the miles down the Kokoda-Sanananda us, but we don't mind any more. road and saw an American cemeI trail in jeeps. '!hese boys we~t through the night tery started a few days ago and This is the trail over which the m open or 1n half-shelters or still being .filled. The crosses are triumphant Japanese marched to thatches or anything they could made out of box wood from muniand qcross the Owen Stanley crawl behind or under. And here tion cases, and there are families mountains only five short months !hey are by the .hundreds, wearing back home on the other side of the ago in a drive to capture Port Jungle green uniforms. world who do not even know that MQresby and get set for the invaAfter reaching Huggins I took a their boys already have been sision of Australia. Last month they stroll up t~e road with Frank ~~n~~;.o~~r~~a~nto the black earth marched back down the trail again Hewlett, United Press . correspondtoward the sea with Americans ent, who went_ through the siege Suddenly I noticed a strange sland Australians in vigorous pursuit. of Bataan and IS one of th_e.youth- lence. The Japanese machine gun· At Sanananda on the sea the ful veterans among Pacific war fire had stopped. Japanese were defeated and now correspondents. s~J~f!~try forward," an officer remained only in the defensive ~uddenly a sentry yelled: . perimeter at Huggins and one Hey, where are you guys gomg? Another officer mumbled to Gen. other. The Sanananda trail shows O~er ~? the ?aps?" Vasey, "I've told them to look out on the map as "MR"-motor road . No, . rephed Hewlett. ••we're for tricks, general. Yesterday -but actually it is just barely J~~t trymg t~ get up t? ~~e front." when our boys moved in on a hos• passable in a jeep and goes through tr Wsenlal, yeodu ve found it, the sen- pital dugout to see if any Jap surswamp1and all the way. Most of it Y PP • vivers needed treatment, they is of corduroy constru'ction. Bu1'It Mortars Open Up. found the place apparently filled j only with dead. But one Jap with with round logs laid crosswise and The mortars st.arted firing an.d a hidden machine gun raised himbound together. we started back.• The Japanese re- self from among the corpses and ~o Saluting. plie·d ·With machine-gun fire and! let them have it headon. The other For the first half hour on the suddenly felt real enthusiasm for Japs had been dead for days and way to the front we overtook following the sentry's suggestion. th e st ench was so terrific that the many marching men. There was Several thoughts crossed my mind. . ~idden machine gunner was wear• no saluting, no attempt at the· I wished I had been issued the mg an inhalator.'' military formalities. In one bog proper size steel helmet that Ends Quickly. a signal corps man was waist wouldn't wabble as I lopped along. A :field telephone rang. deep in stinking mud splicing a We watched as the shells left the "No opposition, no enemy :fire" telephone wire. muzzles, then saw from the jungle t?e message said. "Forward pos'i"~ello there, sir," shouted the a quarter mile ahead a great cloud tion. now reports infantry is traofficer \~ith us. "Are you keeping of branches, water and mud leap versmg the perimeter." your chm above water?" up 100 feet or more in the air Min~tes later Lieut. Gen. Robert ''Yes sir-just." the man replied I closely followed by a terrili~ L. Eichelberger, who commands grj.nning. 1"whoomp." the. allied advanced forces in New Late~ we passed a tank that had An Australian plane circled over Gumea, announced: uwe have just 1:>een ditched and was almost block- the target radioing the range and heard from ~uggins that the peri-• I~g the road. Ahead were other the results of the firing to the meter has been exterminated. Alditched tanks. mortar crews. . ready 475 Japanese bodies have By the roadside were a wrecked The mortar fire continued for a been recovered. I doubt if ~ver beJapanese command car, smashed half hour and then suddenly fore American troops have fought truck_s and a jumble of Japanese ~eased. Then it was the Austral- so b~~veJy and under such handi• clothmg, helmets and war ma.. ians' turn at bat and they did their caps. terials. And suddenly the jungle stuff with artillery. It's all over. The last Jap pocket ended. The trees and the growth "Excellent marksmanship" said in ~apua has been wiped out. And have been· blasted right down to the pilot overhead. "All sh~lls are :.,gam one. s~arts thinking of the t~~ :hel.1-cratered ground. landing inside the perimeter." /~~~eclb ridmg 0 n. bouncing jeeps, 0 v\ e finally ran the little devils "We'll Show 'Em,, t oys walkmg along with out of here this week " said Ma· · emporary patches on their faces Gen. G. A. Vasey, who was witt "We'll teach those mo~eys to and their eyes glazed with fever, try and hold the only high, dry and of the box wood crosses in the sandy spot In the whole d-d cemetery up toward Huggins swamp and make· us sleep in the muck," a soldier yells. "The Aussies will get a ha}f hour at 'em and then watch what WP.'ve got for them." I f 0 I ir::k:I:.pt One Son Is Slain, Another Hurt in New Guinea Action l ~.-. .\.4 ~ Corp. Robert Vorenkamp, 26, son of Mr. and Mrs. Albert Vorenkamp Of 561 Shamrock-st., S. _W., was killed in action in New Gmnea I I I I j -------=-=---· CORP. ROBERT VORE?o.'KAMP, Nov. 26, the partents were notified by the war department Tuesday night. The parents received word Dec. 13, 1942, of the wounding in action of another son, Donald, 23, a cor~ poral technician, now reported recovering in a base hospital. Corp. Vorenkamp, graduate of South High in 1935, was inducted April 20, 1941. He was a member of Grace Reformed church. He was employed as a clerk in the Pere Marquette yard office before entering the aimy. Besides the parents and tne brother Donald, he leaves another brother, Arthur, at home. He was engaged to be married to Miss M11xine Snyder, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. P. F. Snyder, 138 Straight-av., N. w., it was said by his brother here. I .., �SATURDAY, JANUARY 23, 1943 PAPUAWOM BACK FROM JAPS Japs' Papuan Army Crushed Grimd Rapids Men Take Heroic Roles \ ln Jun§le Fighting 1 • 'Ii Grand Jfa ids len played an \ hqoic role in three weeks ?f ' TRANSPORT EXPLODES An 8,000-ton transport was seen to explode after two direct hits set it afire, while a 4,000-ton vesJapanese. It consists of about sel with a lighter tied alongside 90,000 square mlles and has a sank within 14 minutes after it was population of about 300,000. hit. Another 8,000-ton ship was Enemy's Resistance iµostly dark-skinned natives. 1 shaken by a sel'ies of explosions Ended; 4 Nippon Ships after three direct hits set it afire. Once again all the Allied planes Are Sunk at Rabaul I carried out a daring pre-dawn return€d safely. ! raid to destroy the four enemy The destructive blow to Japa• By LEE VAN ATTA ships in the harbor. nese shipping in the New Britain UNITED NATIONS HEAD- MOPPING UP theater was announced in on offi; cial statement that said all or·- , QUARTERS IN AUSTRAL I A, sr:a~:;~~. ~~!~~:~as1~:~: (Saturday (INS)-All Japanese re- ican and Australian ground troops ' ganized Japanese resistance in the Sanananda area of New Guinea sistance in Papuan New Guinea continued mopping-up operations had been crushed by Allied jungle has be.en crushed, it was an- after crushing the last organized fighters at heavy cost to the enresistance. Another 75 dead ,Tap- emy. 0 "At Sanananda," the c;ommunig ~:fr:yat:td~~~~~!:tb7: que said, "all organized enemy Jap base at Rabaul, New Britain, resistance has been overcome. in which four ships totalling 24.000 :~~~ ~~~!~;' 0~h:~e:;r:o~!r:i:t~ii Mopping up operations ~re progressing. Seven hundred and seventons ~er~ sent to. the bo~tom. , to be counted and buried. i Contmmng t_he. air offen~1ve• that A ~onsiderahle quantity f)f en- 1 ty-five Japanese dead have been found in addition to those prehas blasted shipping and a1rdromes em supplies was seized as the in the Rabaul area almost daily, ATJfE:s moved thi·ough the Sana- viously reported, with many more yet to be counted, A considerable Gen. Douglas MacArthur's airmen n,.,µ.da Point and Sanananda vilquantity of enemy material and Ja&e area, six miles north of the equipmen,t has been captured, inAllied-held Buna-Gona s e ct o r. cluding field guns, trucks and amBooty ·included field guns, trucks munition. and ammunition. Thursday's Rabaul raid was made by heavy bombers that swooped over the harbor at daringly low level. Direct hits were scored on a 4,000-ton cargo vessel and the ship split in two, sinking ::;1~:f fi~ting on tho Sanananda road m New Guinea, according to current . dispatches, i Aim of a local group on a spe- With the Allied victory over the Japs on the Papuan peninsula that territory became the first complete geographical unit to be won back from the ri!~ 1 . \--~-'""" l fo;;-m~es after the first bomb l hit the deck. By ASSOCIATED PRESS l ciaL,mission was to cut the 10-fo_ot- a wicte road the Japanese were usmg P, to supply their front lines. . § Capt. Alfred Medendorp _of th1~ ! city is mentioned as havmg led i i i I [£e:]ft1~t:i:":~~:~::~~rr:~; 1· Allied Losses in New Guinea Onl Half T hose of Ja panese y \• CAPT. ALFRIJD MEDENDORP. :he "Wairopi patrol'' tH.rough. the "Il.ountains. Twenty-six were killed Jefore the patrol reached northern ?apua, dispatch rel8:tes. Other Grand Rapids men !l1entioned were Capt. Dou4las Shirley, whose death recently was reported by the war department, ~nd Sgt, John Mikita. Two compames ilo:'n over the Owen Stanley mountams established an advanced comm.and post so far behind the Jap lm:s it was parallel with ene1:1y artillery positions about a n:117 away in a straight line. Sgt. M1k1ta was leader of a "point" of three or four men sent out from the com• mand post to break the road an_d which established and held a position which was the scene of re• peated battles through the threeweek period. 1 !l t' - '1-\esults with lower expenditure of <BY Umtcd Press.) life and resources." Gen. Douglas MacArthur . an- The communique also reported nounced Thursday that Amencan Finschafen, Lae and ~he ~-~laand Australian ground losses in maua areas of the N ifw. Gum~! victorious Papua campaign coast were attacked aga.m. rrlathe "less than half" those of the mile-long isthmus on wt1cp dSand ;ere se and that probably no maua is located was s ra e a ffi:;e offensive drive in history tires were started. 0 duced such "complete and deDestroy Jap Bulldings. ~fs~ve" results with a lower exAttack planes bombed and strafe!1 penditure of Hfe and resou!'ces. Japanese positions near the (?arriAllied casualties totaled no more son hill area of the Mubo village than 7,000 men, if that many, sector, 12 miles south of Salamaua. observers estimated. Several buildings were de~troyed MacArthur's communique went and one heavy machine-gu!l nest on to say that allied losses reversed was silenced. Long-r~u_-ige fighters the usual results of a ground. of- strafed hostile locahttes on the fensive campaign, espe~ially Waria river near Salamaua. 1 against prepared positions defended The airdrome at Gasma~a _on the to the last, in that tqe losses 0 ~ the south coast of New _Britam, reattacker "usually are several times ceiveu its daily poundmg from an those of the defender." allied heavy bomber. Didn't Rush Atta.ck. Medium bombers . al5? attacked It said that two fac~ors con- ar;yRbo~!:fs i~n~~:t~~ ai~!!~~ tributed to those res~lt.s. y to at- !~out 400 miles north of Darwin. "lk. T:ere wa~h~o ti~~r element In the Arce islands, some 175 11:Hes ~:,c ~his e~!~ese was of little impor- east of the Kah~ grgo;f~e:edi:~ • bOf\lbers mac met~;ce.For this reason no attempt bombed unidentified Japanese su;; was· made to rush positions by mass face. craft ;.t a /~c~b ~re lugg and unprepared assaul~r . J:~e ci~: rcdft~e:setfs1ani in th; gulf of most ~are was tak;n f ·u the Carpentaria on the northern coast servaUon of our orces wi 1 . . Australia a small allied mer~esul~ that pro~abiy notl~i~~:~1; ~~ant vessel'was bombed and sunk! . m history agams a ro - by Japanese planes. The bul- \ > trained and preplatred adrmd~cliive letin said casualties were light. duced such comp e e an �Form of Campaign Proves Success Airpower Points Way to Ultimate Defeat of Japs, Says MacArthur ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN a "dilatory and costly isl.and-to- provided all-around reconnaissance. AUSTRALIA (JP) - Gen. Douglas island advance," he predicted. protected the coast from hostile M cArthur, Allied commander-in- TEXT OF COMMENT naval intervention and blasted the chief in the southwest Pacific, said Sunday that in his forces' hardfoul')lt but winning bl!ttle for Papua ''a new form of campaign was tested which points the way to the ultimate defeat of the enemy in the Pacific." ge~:!:1 ne:a_i:,et~~fm:rri~arf:-!~1~~: "the continuous, calculated application of air power." remarked particularly that in the northeastern New Guinea fighting the Allies' airi arm had been found effective and important not only as an offensive-defensive weapon but as an instrument of troop transport and supply. "Our air forces and ground forces were welded together in Papua, and when in sufficient strength with proper naval support. their indissoluble union points the way to victory th.rough new and broadened 1 strategic and tactical conceptlons," MacArthur said in writ-t.en comment on the action now concluded. Close co-ordination between air and land units will permit "swift, massive strokes" against the enemy and preclude the necessity for He I Tha text of MacArthur's written comment: "Tho destruction o:" r'1mnants of the enemy forces in the Sanananda ai·~a con clutles .. th e Pap1:an cam~~1!7ta~h~~~~rl~o%::~~:~u:h:::~ timated 15,000 Japanese troops in Papua) has been annihilated. .,The outstanding military lesson of this campaign was the continuous, calculated application of air power inberent in the potentialities of every component of the air forces employed in tbe moS t intimate tactical ao d logiStical union wi th grouo d troops. "The effect of th1 s modern inst rumentality was sharply accentuated by th P. geographical limitations of ~his th eater. "!3'0 r mon th s on end, an· transport with constant fighter coverage moved complete infantry regiments and artillery battalions across the almost impe11etrable mountains and jungles of Papua and the reaches of the sea, transported field hospitals and other base installations to the front, supplied the troops and evacuated casualties. HFor hundreds ot miles bombers I way for the infantry as it drove forward. "A new form of campaign was tested which points the way to the 1 ultimate defeat of the enemy in the Pacific. "The , offensive and defensive power of the air and the adaptability, range and capacity of its transport in an effective combination with ground forces represent tactical and strategical element'S of a broadened conception of warfare I that will permit the application of offensive power in swift, massive strokes rather than the di1"1.tory I and costly island-to-island advance that so· ·1e have assumed to be neeessary in • lheatl".t' wP~re the enemy's farflung stronghold's are dispersed throughout a vast expanse o! archipelagos.'' - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- - - I G. R,. Men Killed in New Guinea Corp. Robert E. "\"brenkamp, left, of 581 Shamrock st., SW., and Staff Sergt. Louis Burnett, Jr., of Sparta, whose parents received notice Tuesday that their sons had been killed in action against the Japanese in New Guinea, both on Nov. 26. Southwest Pacific Fight Claims More Local Soldiers Three more Grancl Rapids soldiers who J1ave given their lives for their country in the south Pacific are STAFF SGT. JOSEPH KRAMARZ, 26, left, of 413 Cass-av., S. E.; P.l!'C. GERALD M. HOSMAN, 21, cen• ter, of 3'17 Scribner-&,',• \V., and SGT. NORl\lAN L. S\VANSON, 21, of 3852 Di'Vision-rd,, S. Relatives were nolllled late Sunday of the death,, 1:'• �Cuinea Japs on-·R~ ~nj· Pursuit Nears come in for pounding too. its SUNDAY, JANUARY 31, 1943 Sidekicks of First War Again Together 32nd, 41 sf Divisions in Thick of Jap Fighting Between March 6 and April 6, 1917, all of the privates and captains of the 128th infantry were transferred to the regular army Recent citation by by Gen. Doug- first division as replacements for las MacArthur of troops fighting in casualties. Through the efforts of New Guinea and his special men- Maj. Gen. Haan of the 32nd, who tion of the S2nd (Red Arrow) and had concentrl:ted . a~l. his attention t d' . • on making hts d1v1s10n a combat 1 ~ec!us t~vi:~~~ organi~ation, the troop~ were finalthe fact that ly ~gam concentrated m the tenth these two divi- traming area near Longes for comi o n s also bat duty. :ought side by After a month of training the side in World division was ordered into a trench war I area near Belfort, but in order The· 41st di- again to complement the 128th invision arrived fantry to its full strength, some in France bJ- men had to be transferred from the fore the 32nd three remaining regiments, the and was in 125th, 126th and 127. Every fourth tra inin<>' there man on the payrolls of these three when 'the 32nd regiments, w\thout any deviations COL. HAZE a rrived. At fli•st for favoritism, was ordered tra?-sthe 32nd was considered a replace- ferr ed to the 128th ~nfantry, which ment division and during the early left t~e other regiments equally days of their oversea s service, the short in numbers. . various regiments were on duty in Jn order to fill t h e ranks of these all sections •of France. The 126th regiments, replac4j1:ments were reinfantry did warehouse duty at St. ceived from the 31st division, which Nazaire, where recent raids of the comprised national guard troops Commandos and American air from Washington, Oregon and forces were directed against nub- Idaho. They were welcomed into marine bases. the 32nd and found to be men of high caliber and excellent training. As veterans of the 32nd will remember, they seemed to "flt in" well and went all the rest of the way with the 32nd, through ensu~n.g campaigns, the army of occupation and the journey home. It is an interesting coincidence that these divisions are again fighting together in New Gui?-ea and doing as good a jo~ as their predecessors did in the first World war. \ By COL. \VILLIAM HAZE (Former Commander, 126th Infantry) share of this HIT JAP Sllll'S WASHINGTON UP) - American troops continuing their war of extermination against the Japanese on Guadalcanal island captured a large enemy command post k Wednesday, the navy announced Friday. while warplanes struck Menaced; Five Enemy heavily at Japanese ships and base installations in the central SoloShips Knocked Out mans. ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN A navy communique gave these AUSTRALIA (Saturday) 1UP)-Gen. results of operations Wednesday Douglas MacAdhul"s forces are \ and Thursday; pursuing strong Japanese patrols Two Japanese destroyers, two 1 towatd Salamaua. 140 miles north- c argo sh ips and a tanker were west of Buna Jn New Guinea. aft- damaged by American bombing ater repulsing an attack west of tack. One of the cargo ships p rob-Mubo, an AUied headquarters com- ably sank. . 1 munique announced today. Thirty-six Japanese were . killed At the same time an official and three captured when the c.o m- 1 announcement said t hat the m and post was taken. Two ~d4.t death of Lieut. Gen. Tomatorl tional pockets offering resistance Horii, wh o commanded t h e were wiped out. A large amount Japanese army of 15,000 m en of enemy equipment fell into which was practlcall'y extermiAmerican hands. nated In months of fighting In AIR SCORE, 16 TO 4 the Buna area~ h a d been conTen enemy Zero fighters were fir med by captured documents shot down with a loss . of four and prisoners. • United States planes. SJJC. other The communique announcing Jap planet1 were probably dethat, New Guinea warfare was now strayed, being transferred aggressively by . Enemy . installations on Kolomthe Australians and Americans to bangara island were bombed by1 the Salamaua area said the Jap- army medium bombers wh ich i anese patrols attacked the Allied started a large fire at the Jap positions west of Mubo, 12 mile.fl \base. south of Salamaua, but w er'f, r<."-" The 36 J apanese killed at the pulsed command post raised to 715 t h e · n umber of enemy troops report ed SURPRISE RAID slain in Guadalcanal fighting in The outpost was the scene of a the last 10 days. In addition 48 surprise raid by Allied forces in have been reported captured. Thus which more than 100 J apan ese about one-fffth of the enemy troops were killed and an enemy head- estimated to 1,mve been on the quarters and a radio station de- island 10 days ago has been put strayed during & recent th1·ee-day out of action. action. Japanese plane and ship losses Salamaua is only about 20 miles in the Solomons to date, as comsoutheast of Lae, the most import- piled from navy communiques, ant Japanese base in all New stand at 791 planes destroyed in Guinea. Lae has been the target combat and 57 ships sunk, seven in some of . the heaviest Allied probably sunk and 98 damaged. aerial assaults of the southwestern Pacific war, and Salamaua has , 1S~!~~:.~~. l I I I Where's- Hitler? j 'At Front' Story ls Not Believed,, i :1.-.l._·'/-.'.3(INS) - Considerable \ LONDON speculation has arisen in Germany over the whereabouts and health 1 of Adolf Hitler, Reuter's News agency reported Monday night in a dispatch from the German. frontier. The absence of the Nazi chief from thP. anniversary celebration of his party set off the wave of ru~ mo:r'S, Reuter's reported. The announcement that Hitler is at the Russian ft'ont is not generally believed, the dispatch added. 1 I W est Michigan's Glorious 'Lost Company'\\ \ •,u 4 '.J S pecial Co rrespondent Tells How Our_ Soldiers Fou ght Desperate Thr4 1 Week Battle to Maintain Jungle Pocket on Sanananda Road 1 (By Geor~e Weller.) in the jungle remained, but p ably were hammered into m death later. The American response to t Jap attacks was to send out P3:.~~ for harassing purposes. Lieut. \l\'j ter Ellis of Houston, Tex., mt aged to keep his spirits alert plans for,. new aggressive patroh. The Japs' response to the patr1 was to put their mountain gun, addition to mortars, on Huggins. If a man lived past the regul; Jap morning shelling at 5:30, l was certain of life - except f1 mortars and snipers-until the o'clock evening shelling. Sick Japs T urned Out. The Japs were continually war dering into the American perimet1; that stretched in a series of fo. holes at the jungle's edge for 35 yards along the road. Some we" (S1)ecial Rad io to t he Chicago Dally News Foreign 'S ervice.) (Copyr irht, 1943, ChJcago Dally News, tne,) CHAPTER V. With Advanced American Troops at Sanananda - (Delayed) -The American "lost company" at the road-block named Huggins, in the Jap rear on the Saputa-Sanananda highway, drew four full-scale Jap counter - attacks. Two occurred While Capt. John Shirley of Grand Rapids was in command and two more while Capt. M. M. Huggins of Salem, Ore., headed the snipersurrounded garrison. The Japs attacked successively from the northwest (beachhead) direction; from the southwest, that is, from their threatened frontline; from the northeast, or Buna direction, and finally from directly down the road. Usually the Jap attacking force was divided into squads of 10 to 12 men, trying to find a loophole in the American rectangle of machinegun flanked portholes. Foe Builds More Pillboxes. When these attacks all failed to pierce the little American Tobruk within the Jap lines, the Japs began trying to make Hu ggins use1less by building more pillboxes on both sides above and below on the road. It js these pillboxes which the writer has seen bombarded day after day with mortar fire. One, w!\ ~~:i~~:~~I;~~ :~~~~~dB~f~W ~% MAJ. BERT ZEEFF. Another Grand Rapids soldier mentioned in today's description of the lighting in N cw Guinea. taken in the afternoon at the left• !,and side of the road, above Huggins; revealed 150 Jap bodies. '.I'hree other such Ja strong oints men seemed_ to be afflicted w~· dysen tery or malaria and t urn° out as beyond recovery. Behh them were many well-fed Jal plentifully supplied with ammunn tion. •.t Volunteer patrols, led by me1 like Norman H. Schaefer of Be midji, Minn., often ran into tre~ snipers. Frequent rains held the Americans to their water-filled foxholes. Once Peter Dal ponte had a whole party pinned down en route to Huggins with food and ammuni• tion. The "point," or the leading .<Continued on pa e 2.) ove-1(----.-- �~ y 6 r- the- ueve1op-ments, but with the series of events there could be no doubt that the CAMP BORDEN, Ont. UP)- Cadirector of nadian armored warfare experts NORFOLK, Va. ClP)-Col. Charles far eastern situation had at last B. Borland, Norfolk :one~! exploded, that the United Sta~es public safety, immediately oi·dered ar~ putting the newest and biggest WASHINGTON (INS) The wa~ at -;:a,r~nautlinlba~;~ t.he _arres~ of all J_apanese nation- of Canadian-produced tanks through navy swu:1g into he battle with whlC'h. eg t t· P ld als m this strategic naval center paces at this military camp, and Japan, with all uns ready and &preadmg over he en ire war · Sunday as soon as he learned of Kichisaburo Nomura, the Jap- the Japanese attacks on the United anese ambassador, and Saburo States Pacific bases. Kurusu, the special Japanese enBorland said his orders were isvoy, wer.e a.t the state ~epartme~t sued to Chief of Police John. F. at the time of the White Houses Woods and every available officer announcement of the attacks. was J)ressed into roundup work. The two Japanese went to see The number of Japanese here is Secretary of State Hull at 1:35 P- not large. 20 nd m: (EST) a remained about ~?ods at once informed police :minutes. officials of Portsmouth, where the HULL CHARGES FALSEHOODS great Norfolk navy yard is located; After their departure, the state Newport ~ew.s, :where the Newport department announced that Hull News ShtJ?bUil~m?" an~ Dry_ Dock ha.d informed the Japanese that a com'?any is d b~!dmg m~e a1rcraf! document P.re~nted by them was ~~~:~er!e:r~y cit~== i:u~~:rs~c~~n "crowded with mfamous falsehoods Norfolk had taken He suggested and distortions." . . . . The department's statement said th ey take similar action. that Hull ,had read the Japanese O reply and "immediately turned to the Japanese _ambassador az:id with the grettest indignation said: • ~''I must say that in all my converaations with you (the Japan?se ambassador) during the last nme MEXICO CITY UP) - A charge months r have never uttered one that the captains and crews of 10 word of untruth. This is borne out Axis vessels seized by the MexicaIJ. absolutely by the record. . government at Tampico last April 11 'In all my 50 years of pubhc ha~ plo_tted to destroy not 01;1Iy •ervice I have never .seen a do?u- th_eir ships but the port .of 'l'am~ico ment that was more crow.ded ~1th as .well was made by Vice Admiral infamous falsehoods and distor.tions Lms Hurta~o de Mendoza. -infamous falsehoods and d1storIn ~ pubhsh~d statement, Hurtations on a scale so huge that I ?,o ~a.id the seizure ..was an act of never imagined until to.day that legitimate defense.. any government on this P!,anet .He as.serted the ship~ were load_ed was capable of uttering them. with highly combusb~le material At Berlin, a German spokesman a nd a plot had been. discovered. to -"'.'". blB.red Sunday night there could set th em_ on fire, wi th th e obJect be no reaction from Germany to of spreadmg th e flames to t?e whole the announced Japanese air. attack port where much gasolme was on Pearl Harbor until all sides of st0 red. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the case were at hand. D • L d "We cannot comment," the y.nam1te- a en Barge spokesman said, "until full and ex- Burns Near Alaska Base act details of the Japanese as well • . as the American statements are STIKA, Alaska i(lp)-~ dynamiteavailable.'' laden barge caught fire m the chanAn NBC broadcast from Honolu- nel between here and the Sitka ~ir ]u said the Japanese attack had in- b~se Saturday and a ne:3-rby native flicted untold damage on the U. S. village. was. evacuated m fear the naval base at Pearl Harbor and on dynamite might explode before the the city itself. . blaze ~ould be subdued. The NBC observer, standing on --.-. ~he roof of the ~dvertiser building ba!:eatos~tX::-U:~~l~~s!~\;~v:la:~ th e planes, U?- district headquarters at Seattle it m Honolulu, said doubtedly Japan.ese, made th e raid was feared the barge would be a unexpectedly. His report was sud• total loss. AU hands were safe. The denly bro~en _off, . . presence of 25 cases of dynamite Befor~ . its mterruptlon, hts re- aboard prevented effectual fire port said. fighting thi "We have witnessed s morn-liii~-~i!!iemiliii ing the attack of Pearl Harbor and a severe bombing of Pearl Harbor by army planes, undoubtedly Japanese. "The city of Honolulu has also been attacked and considerable damage done. lt'lbll..-JT waves Of Planes swoop 1n Attack on HonoIuIu • ReveaIed 1n Mex1co HEADS YACHT GROUP TOLEDO, O. UP) - Ho:"ard A. Finch of the Crescent Sall Yacht club, Detroit, was elected commodore of the Inter Lake Yachting association Saturday. Harry C. Kendall of the Detroit Yacht club v..·as named secretary-treasurer. Da.tea for the 1942 ILYC regatta will be Aug. 10-14, MILITARISTS DESPERATE There was a. ,disposition in some quarters here to wonder whether the a.tta.cks had not been ordered by the Japanese military authorities because they feared the President's direct negotiations with the emperor might lead to an about-face in Japanese policy and the consequent loss of face by the present rnling factions in Ja.pa.n. A little later, the White House reported that and army transport loaded with lumber ha.d been torpedoed 1,300 miles west of San Francisco. This is well east of Hawaii. The first announcement did not say whether the ship was sunk or whether there was loss of life. FAR EAST EXPLODES No official used the word war in reporting any of the develop.. ments, but with the se~1es ~f events there could be no doubt th~t the Far Eastern situation had at last ~xplod~d, that t~e Umted States was at war, and that the conflict which began 1n Europe was spreading over the entire world. LittM information was immediately availl;\ble regarding the strength of the Japanese air attacks. • 1 "d h 1 .._ Dispatches from }!ono_ ulu sai '. owev~r,. th~t at east. ~,vo Japanese bombers, their wings bearing the 1ns1gma of the R1s1ng Sun, appeared over Honolulu at about 7 :30 A. M. (Honolulu time) and dropped bombs. backed by a decl ration of Secreta1·y Frank Knox that the fleet is equal to ·any na, afloat. Japan's surpris blows found the 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - navy dep.artme t's plans f,ully made. While th :1avy s operations and maneuvers m the . strugg~e now under way naval officers said the strate?Y has. all been· worked , out for th !~ contmgency. . ta- • It was every man at his s tion" ~t the n~vy depart~ent Sund~!s n~!:t, ot;~~h ~::.i:ra;~:~iio~~ ¥un blast H O N O LULU UP) _ Japanese the attackers came over. Several Latest ·publicly-disclosed figures bombs killed at least seven persons enemy craft chased him, but he on the strength of the navy showed nd i jured many others three got away safely. . that it has 311,861 enlisted men, a . n . . ' . Most of the attackers flew high, including reserves. In addition to seriously, m a surprise :morning but a few came low. Five came these were 64 ,053 marines. Forces aerial attack on Honolulu Sunday. down to under a hundred feet elein Hawaii and the Philippines Army officials announced that vation to attack Pearl Harbor. An have been increased in recent two Japanese planes had been shot oil tank there was seen blazing and weeks, although the numbers are down in the Hon~lulu a-:ea. . _ smoking. Others apparently headed a naval secret. , The dead, not 1mmediately ~den directly for Hickam field to drop At present the navy has 344 bfled, included three Caucasians, bombs. STILL IN PROGRESS . [the P1·esident directed the army combatan,t .ships -. battleships, air- two Jn.panes? and a 10-year-old Spectators said they saw the Dispatches from Hano.lulu, sai_d a and navy to execute all previously plane ca+rrnrs, crmsers, destr&yers Portuguese girl. . Japanese rising sun emblem on the naval engagement was m progicss prepared orders lookin to the deYouth Held for Kdhng and submarines. In addition, there . Sevei·al fires were st~rted i~ th e low-flying planes. off Honolulu, with .at ~east ~ne fense of the United Stat~s. The PresS p • are hundreds of auxiliaries, mine city area, but all were immediately Japanese Consul General Sajao enemy aircraft earner m action ident 1·s n ith th s cretaries of tate O1iceman craft, supply ships and patrol ves- controlled. . _ Kita said he believed the bombing against Pearl Harbor defenses. nav · ando~v:i·. s:ep: are being 0 MIAMI, Fla. UP) - Less than 24 ~els. T~e gra~d total of ~8:va~ craft ~ov. Jos:ph 1;:cext::f::;e was "by Unit~~ States army planes The army's order affected not tak{n to advise the congressional hours ~fter a state road patrolman 1s 942, mcludmg the aux1haries. claime~es~~:'ediate/ in ~ffect. He on maneuver. only the thous3:nds of officers on lec.ders." wa~ killed south of here Sunday, :eaosi~~ed Eduard D~ty in charge STILL DOUBTS duty in washmgton, . who ~ave of~1cers 8:rrested a ~an who they o¥~he major disaster council. When told there were dead and thus far performed t1Ien·. func;1o_n.s said admitted the crime. wounded as the result of the at- in civilian clothes to avoid a • mihAssistant State Attorney .Joseph M-DAY CONTROL . tack, Kito still expressed doubt taristic" appearance, but all offiOtto said a 22-year-old youth The ~-~~y pr?~lamabon estab- that they were caused by .Japa- cers in every corps area, the United booked both as L. E. Humber and hshed civillan-m1htary control of nese planes. States' possessions and outlying as Byrd! Hudgins told of shooting traffic and r?ads, and pe~mits the Unconfirmed reports said the at- bases. Patrolman L. P. Danil!ls because he PHILADELPHIA (lP)-Directors governor to issue food ratum regu- tackers came from two carriers. Washington was expected to blos"always gets nervous when I see of the American Medical Women's lati~ns. . United States destroyers were som Monday as a city of uniforms, policemen.'' association sent resolutions to PresFirst reports said 10 or more per- seen steaming full speed from because huge numbers pf officers DANVILLE, Ill. (}Pl-Ren FritThe man was booked for investi- ident Roosevelt asking that women sons were injured when enemy Pearl Harbor, and spectators' re- have been pouring into the city man, who had spent a lifetime th gation while officers questioned doctors be admitted to the army planes sprayed bullets on e ports of seeing shell splashes in for months to perform the army's seeking his true identity died Sathim. A warrant issued earlier at and reserve corps on the ~ame streets of Wahiawa,. a town of the ocean indicated there had been "overhead" functions. . • Homestead, Fla., charged Louis basis as men. ar.ound 3,000 population, about 20 an engagement between United Early said that so far as the urday at the estimate~ age of 97. Elmer Humber, Jr., with murder. Although the army does not _spe- miles_ northwes~ 0 ~ Honolulu. . States and Japanese ships. President's information went atHe became lost durmg a parade ------cifically ban women doctors, llie This repor~ indicated. th e aerial One of the bombs that started tacks were still in progress at in New York in 1852 and never saw navy does, and there are no women attack was aimed at pomts on the Honolulu fl.res ~ell near Governor Manila and in Hawaii, In other his parents again. The name he members of either reserve direc- Island of Oahu other than Hono- Poindexter's residence, but he was ords he said "we don't know that . . tors pointed out at a meeti~g here. lulu and the heavily fortified Pearl not injured. ~e japanese' have bombed and bore was given him by a New York The resolutions request that Harbor naval base. Fire Chief Wallace Blaisdell re- left." orphanage. women physicians be taken into The attack ended at abo1.1t 9:25 ported the fires were . under conHe went on to say: Fritman fought. in the Civil war the army_ reserve "upon the ~ame a. m., ~2:55 P. M. EST) lash~g ~or trol, because of a radio call that "As soon as the information of and then came west to Indiana. SOMERVILLE, N. J. (INS)-A terms as ot.h:r members" and "with approximately an hour and fa mm- b~ought an. fh;~me.n to duty. The the attacks on Manila and Hawaii" where for 25 Years he taught flies, he sa11,d, we1e not as bad as was received by the war and navy . .. · . 24 _ ear-old New Jerse father was all the pr1v-il;ges accorded there- utes. ac!used Saturday niJt of stran- to" and that 'all p1:?per and ne:!cs- COUNTED 50 PLANES I expected. Idepartments it was flashed im~e- 1schoo~ m Canoll and Tippecanoe 5 gling to death his 4½-months-old s8:~~ steps be taken to make th em Witnesses said they counted at CITIZENS WOUNDED . ditely to the President 3:t the "\Yhtte 0-,o-::_u-::_n-::_t_,_•-::_ •-::_-::_-::_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:.,daughter because the child's whim- ehgibl.e for th e navy res~:ve. least 50 planes in the initial attack, Some streets were pocked with House. Thereupon and immediately pers annoyed him as he was lis• ?opies ;ent to mihta.ry of- which the army said started at big holes, and several citizens were tening to a radio program. flcials an • · SUrgeon general. 8:10 a. m. (1:40 p. m. EST). • wounded by b~mb fragments. The father, Niles Post of B~ad- s· K·n d Wh A t The attack seemed to center Fal'l'i1;gton high ~chool was conI e ley Gardens, N. J., was held w1thIX en U O against Hickam field huge army verted into a hospital to care for out bail for action by the grand Is Struck by Train airport, and Pearl Harbor, where the wounded and injured. . jury on a murder charge. the islands' heaviest naval fortiflcaWhen the attack started, radio Police said Post's wife had gone VANCEBU1'.tG, Ky, 1.lP>;-Six pe-:- tions are located. calls ordered all sailors, marines to a movie, leaving him to care sons, all relatives, were killed whr.-n Wave after wave of bombers and soldiel"S to report instantly to for their only child. a ?hesapeake 8:nd Ohio_ passengc: streamed through the cloudy sky their posts. SHANGHAI (Monday) (INS) DEC. 7 The father who denied stran• tram smashed mto their automo- from the southwest shattering the Soon, the sky was filled with puffs . th . ht City gling his da~ghter said the baby bile a mile west of here late Satur. g calm ' of smoke showing anti-aircraft bat- Japanese forces durmg e mg Thirty-two traffic d eat h I became "ill" and fhat he rfn up day. . m~e:X:aps the· first to die was Bob teries were stabbing for the high- attacked the British naval gunboat since Jan. 1. to the second floor of th twoCoroner H. M. Bertram 1dentiOed T c owner of civilian airport flying bombers. Petrel in Shanghai harbor and the family house to summon ]r:r. and the dead as Merle Smith, 50, a n:a e, Honolulu w:o had started to United States planes took to the vessel burned to her waterline to-One day without a death. Mrs. Lovell Garde1:as. . fa_rmer; ~ancy Kate Pell, 54; Ar- spi: the prop;ller of a plane when air, an~ spectators on hills back da . 1940 record: Twenty- three They took the child to t office thur Smith, 35, a tenant on t.hc th One plane of the city could see dogfights over Y deaths to Dec. 7. of Dr. Edgar T. Flint of aritan, !Merle Smith farm; Cl:nnie ~m,t.h, sweooe::mJO':~~~a~::~·e guns blaz- the area. It was the first 3:r~ed J~panese County Outside City • . N. J., Somerset county p ysician,, 15, son of Arthur; Cecil Sartm, 30, . p d ~ f d d There was a report from persons attack on any British umt and Fo1·ty-two traffic deaths since who found the infant w s dead. ·and ~ancy Jane Stennett, 5. mg, an T}ce e 11 ea . . who came past Pearl Harbor that c1:1-me sevel'al hours after Japanese ~ 5 !Suspicious of marks on t e child'-~ Lewis County She,riff Henry ESCAPES ATTACKERS one ship there was lying on its air and naval forces opened sur- ! Jan. 1. Twelve days without a death. throat, Dr .. Flint perfo med an Hardy said he was told by a witRoy J. T!to~sek, .Honolulu atto_r-,side in the water .and four others1~rise assault~- on Ameri~an. bas~s1 1940 record: Forty - two , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _J autopsy which revealed she had ness that the driver made no effort ney, was piloting his own plane m were on fire. This could not be m the Hawauan and Ph1lppme isdeaths to Dec, 7. - - - -- died of strangulationt h said. to stop at the crossing. an early morning sky ride when confirmed immediately. lands. AXIS sabotage Plot . the results have been encou1·agmg. Although her weight-about 30 tens - places her in the medium class, observers here are calling her Canada's first heavy. She is bigger, faster and more heavily armed than the Valentine mediums now being produced in quanity. Because of mobility and weight she is known to the men testing her as Ram l. Steered by tillersone for each track-she is a first cousin to the American M-3 tank now being s_u?plied by ~he United states t~ Bri~~h f;_rces ~n Englan~ and Afnca. f l e d~r t as a ~as hull, power u ra ta - ype engme, and uses a high-octane fuel. Her_ test crew.s are men from !he experimental wing of th e Canadian armored corp s , a nd she recentl~ was .taken through a ~ull demon str~bon for representatives of the Umted States army. • • l'iEW YORK' {Jf'J" - The British radio quoted the Reuters news agency Sunday night reporting from Honolulu that several planes were shot down in an attack on Pearl Harbor. + + + REPORTS GUAM ALARM WASIDNGTON UP) - The White House announced at 6:08 p. m. Sunday night that the navy had just reported a. squadron of unidentified planes over the Island of Guam, a dot In the Pacific between Hawaii and the Philippines. ~a.115 • till Qt.hrtstmas . I !~!:, Asks women serve as Army Doctors Man Who S·ought Identity Since 1852 Is Dead . Say Father K"1lls Wh"1mper1ng • Baby ;e:.t Japs Sink British Ship !=a~~=~!:!!: m lhon"'tnn t'¥ . I �G. R.\ • i Men in Hero Roles in New Guinea '\-'t 3 Delayed dispatches Tuesday revealed how Grand Rapids and west Michigan men, especially companies I and K of the 32nd division, played an heroic part in three weeks of constant fighting in a roadblock of the Sanananda road, New Guinea, while surrounded by Japanese forces. Among men known in west Michigan who were named in these dispatches were Capt. John Douglas Shirley of this city, whose death was recently reported by the war department, the late Capt. Roger Keast of East Lansing, former Michigan State athlete, Capt. Alfred Medendorp of this city, Sergt. John Mikita of Grand Rapids, Sergt. George L. May of Six Lakes, Maj. Bernt Baetcke of Detroit, whose wife and two children are now living in Traverse City. Other Michigan men concerned were Maj. George C. Bond of Adrian, who led companies I and K, Capt. Peter Dalponte of Three Rivers, Lieut. Herman Davis of Sandy Creek. T O CUT JAP LINE The aim of the group was to cut the muddy, 10-foot-wide road that the Japanese were using to A Name to Be Remembered supply their front lines. The Sa- the Jap machine gun. Sergt. May nananda road ran three and a half of Six Lakes responded, taking 10 miles from the Japanese beach head to the American front lines. men. Two compariies of infantry that STOP ENEMY FIRE carried out the daring action Ji.ad With a grenade thrown by May been flown into the area over the and tommy guns the Americans Owen Stanley mountains. • stopped the enemy fire for the Capt. Medendrop of Grand Rap-, time being, but in weeks to come ids Jed the 1-W-airopi patrol" in the log was the scene ot repeated through the mountain, and the pa- battles. When Americans passed if trol had killed 26 Jq.Jm before it they were always fired upon. They reached northern Papva. learned by experience to creep the Company K started forth on Nov. full length of the log, go around 23 in an attempt to establish an the end, then double back. Japaadvanced command post deep in n ese fire always went along the the jungle on the left side of the log's top. However, there was usuJap-held road. Finatl.y they dis- ally a new "~ise guy" in each parcovered a place so ifar behind the ty who tried to short cut by crawlJap lines that it w9 parallel with ing across the log. The Japs nearthe enemy artillery positions about ly always got that chap. a mile away in a straight line For a cogent reason the Ameracross the jungle b ut three hours icans did not try to wipe out perfloundering to reach from the road. manently the Japanese pillbox esIn bypassing the Jap lines in a tablished there. As they were loopboard curve westward, company Ing around Japanese lines, J ap and K underwent only desultory sniper American trails were bound to infire. tersect somewhere. The log fur"FOLLOW THE SUN" nished a certain protection while a Co. I, commanded by Bond and ne~ crossroa.ds migh t have been leaving a third of its men and an•_n_t_ir_e...:ly'-ex...:p:...o_s_ed_._ _ _ _ _ _ __ of Co. K protecting the earthen \- U •'f''!t Sanananda Road, New Guinea-Scene of Epic Fight Which Grand Rapids Men Died to Win ° ~ 1 ~';~~:t I ~~~:a::a~~~u~ttt1ro accompanied by a force of 50-Caliber machine guns. The only maps of the region were so inaccurate that the order given was "follow the sun." By going eastward they would break the road somewhere. A "point'' of three or four men leading the way :finally reached a patch of dry grass in the middle of which was a fallen log, 6 feet thick. When the point, creeping low, rounded the end of the log, terrific fire opened on them. The Americans h ad found an ambush, a Jap trail through which the enemy front lines were supplied whenever the main road was under Austra• lian artillery fire. Sergt. Mikita, leading the poin t platoon, asked for volunteers to get I Dollinger and Devereaux Fought to Keep Lines Clear G. R. Men Foil Wily J ops in New G~inea . . J Maps we're · ma:ccurate~ Tiienien More of the grim detatls of cer- .l . "fO11 d th 5 un ,. crawl)tain phases of the American vie- ~imp 1Y owe e . f , ed ith tory against Japanese entrenched m? through swamps m est . w at vital points in the New Guinea snipers, Three hours of .~h!S--8.n~ ·ungle fighting-action in which then _the group. reached the log, IJ • • I ment10ned in dispatches earlier Bl Grand Rapids men fought and died ) th f • t f fi from a Jap• to win their objectives and, incie oca 1 P0 !n ire . dentally a mass citation of the anese machine gun, smpers artd a ' 1 mortar. The log had to be passi,d. Sgt. John Mikita of Grand Rap• 32nd division for heroism from ids, leading the point or hea:i Gen. Douglas MacArthur - are the advance platoon, called f r coming to light now in belated dis- volunteers to "get" the mac e patches. gun nest. Sgt. George L. May of Individual deeds of some Grao d Six Lakes took 10 men, a couple Rapids and western Michigan men of automatic rifles, rw.any grenades are mentioned in detail, including and a tommy gun and went after bayonet cljarge led by Capt. John it. At 30 yards Sgt. May tossed the Shirley of Grand Rapids, who, first grenade and others followed ext day, was fatally wounded. The machine gun was sile.Pce The action was in November a nd it was days before the Ame early December, but news of the actually smashed Japanese c death of Capt. Shirley Was received' of "the Jog" crossing, beyond only a few days ago. Jay their objective-the road. Nume'rous Grand Rapids and The Americans, who be e western Michigan casualties of known as the "lost ~ompmiy." which relatives here have been no- held doggedly on to their ~~•·J.naecl tified dated back to this period. position for three weeksln all. j •Briefly, the situation was this: . They assumed they were about 600 While the main body of Arner1- yards in advance of their main can and Australian troops fough I body of troqps, but air checkup to wipe out the Japs at Euna, it later showed that actu!llly they was decided to attempt to cut off were more than a mne bis1de the a road leading three and one-half Jap lines and completely encircled. miles from their beachhead at Shirley Lt,ads Bayonet Charg,_ Sanananda, north of Buna, to the allied front lines. n was a daring It was the final break through that Capt. Shirley was-and ~osplan and everyone knew it. sibly others from this areaTwo infantry units were flown killed. over the Owen Stanley mounOO.ins To Capt. Shirley credit w to landing fields hacked in the jun- I for making the decision t 1 gle. A third company, made up of a vigorous attack against tt machine gunners and riflemen- One correspondent said Ca• the now famous HWairopi patrol/' Iey declared: "Let1s go g · Jed by Capt. Alfred Mede nd orp of so-anq-so's. Fix your bayc Grand Rapids-had made its way Jet's cut the guts out of t through the mountains on foot. Shirley led the charge" . Swamps and Snipers. swimming, half-wading Maj. George c. Bond of Adrian with knee-deep mud and was in command of the two infan- roots, amidst a hail of J try companies. Among his leaders bullets. The Jap tl"enche were Capt. Shirley and two other · taken and the troops burst T Michigan officers. to the Sanananda road. By the time it had struggled In this charge Capt. Roge. through to Soputa, in the north~ of Lansing, former football ern Pauan marshes, starting point Michigan State, was killed for the attempt to cut the Japs1 Shirley came through, bu Sananarula road, the Wairopl pa• kiJied in the continuing actlo trol alrej,.dy had killed 26 of the day. It is definitely known I enemy. was in action with the "lost The Americans bypassed the .Tap pany" that Pvt. Connie Cag, • lines in a curve to the westward, of Grand Rapids, whose death bent upon cutting the Sanananda just beell announced was kiJ I Heroism of Grand Rapids and open because the distance. between ' A,RUNNING "BUSH" western Michigan men in the 32nd the 10st company a nd its com.At the crossing of the Jap and (Red Arrow) division's famous ma1:1der was so gr~at th at po~table American trails, they noticed a I "lost company," which was com- ra~ws were unworkable and it re- bush which had not been there bepletely surrounded by Japanese quired two days ~or a. tunner. t~ ·fore. Nye fired at th e bush, which I forces after breaking their motor make. th e rou nd trip, wi th th e r~s hastily rose and disappear'ed into supply road from Sananan~a of bemg . ambushed by th e ~ap · the jungle. It was a Jap with a J beachhead, is vividly described in In . trymg to kee;p th e lme in bush tied around his waist and heldelayed dispatches arriving from working_ 0rd er, Dollinger 1:1nt Nye lmet. Despite perils and discour- J New Guinea. . worked m water .up to th eir .nee~, agements, th~ men failed only The dispatches tell how Ger~m with bullets whistling. o~. their four times to Splice the wire. Dollinger of Grand Rapids, with heads. It was a f;fvorite ti ick i When th e. Americans found i Marcellus Nye of Saginaw, worked th e .Japs Lo .remove mol~e w themselves isolated by the severing heroically to ke~p ~be telephone ~ban U;te ~e~air me.n cou carry of the telephone line, Capt. John line of communtcabon open ~ for replacement, in ·thi hope that D. Shirley of Grand Rapids, later ' tween th~ lost _company a n d ernt they would have to go back f~r killed in action, and Capt, Roger commanding officer, Capt. B more and thus lose a whole days Keast of Lansing, decided to reBaetcke of Traverse City, in th e time. Sometimes the wire would spon d to the Jap attack, which had face of the fact that the Japs were be cut within an hour after it had been throwing high explosive mornd cuttlng it at lea 5t once daily; a been spliced. tars into the water-filled foxholes bow Sergt Robert Devereaux. of Once, when Jap fire was espe- where the Americans lay. Keast Grand Rapids, former Sou th high cially heavy, Capt. Peter Dalpon~e led the attack, which started as a 1 1 sch ool athlete, fought bravely on of Three Rivers, would not permit patrol but ended as a bayonet asin the jungle, though he had con- the repairmen to leave the perim- sau lt. tracted malaria a n d could not be ter for two days, during which One of the br avest fighters in evacuated until his temperature time the party waa completely_ cut the attack was Sergt. Devereaux, approached 106. Iott from all communication. Fmal• who finally was evacuated over the 1 T he telephone line had to be kept ly, getting restless, the repairmen perilous trail back th rough the went out with two Tommy gun- jungle to recover from malaria. ners. The dispatches explain that though temperatures of 106 seem incredible, they are common in Papua, where fatigue brings out latent fevers in fighting men. Often men fight with temperatures at 104 and then pull themselves out of foxh oles to reach a hospital on foot. L itters are few and evacuation t hrou gh the jungle is long and dangerous because of snipers. Some- I times the sick men are evacuated by air, J: 1 1~! r road. J:c~r~!:ei~ ~~~~~a~,8;~;t~":':. tually certain. �crumpled and toppling, the battleship Arizona poured black clouds of smoke in to the air, after the s\rprise·, 1Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7. A bomb was reported to have passed down the smoke s.tack, exploding boiler and forward magazin e. Thls picture is an tfficial United States navy photograph. ~--------------~~-'/-l Wounds Fatal ·G. R. Army Man Reported M,iSS'ing , in Pacific Area ~ -'- - 'f- S Technician Roman F. Olcneak, ·23, son of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph B. Oleneak, 917 Lincoln ave., NW., was reported missing in action in the southwest Paciftc area, accord• tng to a telegram received Friday night by his parents. Oleneak, a former student at Catholic Central high school, en• listed in April, 1940. He went to Camp Livingston, La., Fort Devens, Mass., and in April of 1941 was sent overseas. Before ~nlisting. he was employed at the American Seating cog;~-:!~k has a brother, servina: in the navy. Black smoke poured from the U. S. destroyer Shaw after a direct hit by a Japanese bomb in the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor Dec: 7. Defenders on the pier Cleft) pour water on the blaz.. This is an official U. S. navy photo. .l , )- 'f-), ing wreckage. Robert, CORP. GERALD W. DE BOER, 23, who died from woumls reR ceived in the New Guinea cam• paign Dec. 4, according to word received by the parents, Mr. and l\Irs. \\'illiam De Boer, 927 Ninth-st., N. \-V, The widow, Beatrice Lane DeBoer, bride ot a year, resides at 216'1 Division• av., S. �MICH., FRIDAY, JANUARY 29, 1943.-2 Another Local Soldier Killed First Pictures of Local Soldiers Sent From Africa \-~~ Clayton VanAmburgh Added to ~ew Guinea Casualty List To the list of local war heroes who gave their all was added Fri• day the name of Sgt. Clayton Van Amburgh, 251 who was killed in action in New Guinea Dec. 31, accoi::ding to a war department message received Thursday night by his father, George VanAmburg 216 John-st., S. E. Sgt. VanAmburgh was inducted into the service April 17, 1940, at Camp Custer, but through the in• 1 History is repeating itself in the American occupation of north Africa. As the Yanks of first World war days "adopted" youngsters in France-and vice versa-so today's Yanks in Africa are fast t becoming chums of Arab and French children, as evidenced in photos just receh,e<l from sevf'ral Grand Rapirs soldiers. PFC. IRA (PETE) MULL, upper left, is shown in photo at upper right with an army buddy in a jeep, as they paused to chat with an itinerant Arab. Lower left, Mull is shown with a group of Arab youngsters. Lower right, STAFF SGT. HAROLD ROEDEMA, left, and STAFF SGT. WILLIAM GROELSEMA, both of Grand Rapicls, and a third soldiei', identified only as a SGT. l\.[URRAY, pose with a group of their new pals, all Arab youngsters except the boy at the extreme right and the girl in the cen~r, who are French. Give Lives to,__ Win New Guinea _ ?-- Lives of two more Grand Rapids soldJers were lost in the battle with 1he Japs in New Guinea last .November and December, parents have jnst been notified. They were SGT. WALTER (LA J<'At:NCE) A\iERY, 2-1, left, son of Mr. and ::\'lrs. Arthur Avery, lUO Alpine-av., N. W., who died Nov. 26, and PFC. GILBERT HENDRICKS, 26, 1011 of Peter T. Hendricks, 216 Carlton-av,, S. E., who was klllcd Dec. 29. ducement of a friend obtained as-signment to the 32nd division and was sent to Camp Livingston, L_a . The friend was Robert Hartmay(, a sergeant, also serving in New Guinea. · The last letter received by the father and a brother, Leroy, was written Dec. 12. In it the sergeant expressed hope of an early furlough and wrote he was savih $100 to that end. Two packace containing a grass skirt and strings of shell beads were received Jan. 1. Sgt. VanAmburgh was a truck driver before he entered the service and his brother Leroy said his army assignment was truck driving. The circumstances surrounding his death have not been learned. Sgt. VanAmburgh attended the old Division school 1 Central High school and Davis Technical and Vocational High school. Surviving besides the father and brother Leroy are the mother, who lives in Piqua, Ohio, and another brother, Pvt. Clifford VanAmburgh, staj tloned at Camp Carabelle, Fla. �?IDS, MICH., SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 6, More Heroes of Red A.rrowi"Lost Company" ,_ Outstandlnr role, In the advance of the •x.o.t Company" of the ': ,American ''Bed Arrow." Into the Papuan Junrl•• deacrlbed by Correapondent Georre Weller In ea,ller ln1tallmenll of hla 1erle1 were taken by PFC. WAYNE LOWING, IZ, left, of .Jenl1on RFD No. 1; STAFF SGT. JOHN MIKITA, 11, center, of 805 Jacklon-1t,, N. W., and SGT. ROBERT R. McGEE, n, rlsht, of 6WMlohlpn-1t., N. E. Memben of Sgt. McGe•'• family reported Wednnda y that he wu wounded .Urhtl:, In the action late In Nove,.ber, but now c onval-lnr In Amtralla. 1! ! I I [i . Weary and unshaven, United States troops plod alonr a road 011 Guadalcanal Island, heading for an American bale after three conaecutlve week• of frontllne ftghtlllr with the ,1_, Japs Suffer INew Reverses l. . fs'· ,,.,, I Air Forces Are Badly Beaten; BaNJes Sunk with 75 Nips Aboard ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Monday) (IP) - Sixty additional dead Japa-- nese were counted In New Guinea yesterday, 39 of them after sklrmlshet1J that followed Saturday's big air battle over the Wau region. The 29 othe-rs wPre "stragglers" In the BakumbarJ area about eight mUe-s northweat of Gona. Belated reports told of the machlnegunnlng of two ~foot barges, each carrying about 75 J aps, in Rieb eek bay on the ! north side of Nf>w Britain Island Saturday. Caauafttes were reported "substantial." Japanese planes were inactive throughout the entire area and except for some strafing by Beaufighters in the Lae area, Allied air activity was limited to armed reconnaissance with incidental bombing and strafing in Dutch New Guinea, the Celebes, and Cape Gloucester. I WAITING FOR AERIAL AMBULANCE IN NEW GUINEAAmerlean soldiers wounded fighting the Japanese op the rugged Owen Stanley mountain ranie of New Guinea are shown at Kokoda, waiting for the ambulance plane to take them to an Amerl• can hospital near the Port Moresby area. The aerial ambulance service work, with smooth eJI. eiency and fatalities from wound.a In all war areas were recently estimated at 1 per cent. RAID FRUSTRATED SOMEWHERE IN NEW GUINEA (Delayed) UP) The Japanese attempted to raid the Wau airdrome with a large force of planes in d_a~~igbt S':lnday and I s uffered one ot tne most crushing air defeats yet inflicted by the Allies in this area. Of the attacking force, 4.1 Japanese bombe r s and fighters were shot down or seriously damaged. The Amer,e~ns d estioyed Ave bombera and 21 ftghtP.rs and possibly destroyed thret- more bombers ~nd 12 tlghtera. Destruction of two of the bombers was officially credited to anti-aircraft gun crews. Fliers accounted for the rest. . Of the large defending force of P-38's, P-39's and P-t0's, not one wae Jost and not a crewman was Injured. Only a few Allied planes were damaged during the two-hour series of battles over the forbidding mountains between Wau and the sea. "DESPERATION" THRUST (The size of the Japanese raiding force suggested a desperate effort to impede the concentration or Allied fighting men in the sector of Watt, 35 miles ~outhwest of Salamaua. whiC'h would menace invasion holdings at both Salamaua and the sister port or La.e. In view of the euccessful uee ot AJJied alr men and suppllee in the Papuan transports for the movement of campaign, the full weight of avail- , able aircraft probably is being I used to mobi1ize forces for a drive against Salamaua and Lae.) 1 Topping off the succeas over I Wau, a B-24. bomber on armed i-econnalssance probably aank two small Japanese cargo vesaela off New Guinea and New Britain and shot up two motor barges. The bomber pilot, Henry Chovanec of Fayettevtlle. Tex., made an admit• tedly optimistic estimate that poesibly 300 Japanese aboard the four craft were killed. I , I �-NEA Telephoto ·1 1 No maneu\-·er this, but actual battle action In the Papua sector in the successful drive to Bun& as Australians, under heavy fire themselves, clean out a. Jap pillbox only 30 yards away. In the center is an American-built Gen. Stuart tank, manned by Australians. Men of the United States 32nd division examine trophies in a rest period following the capture of Bona, New Guinea. Men in the foreground are looking at a mission bell they found while the soldier standing, l'.enter, exhibits a Jap officer's sword. Another, sitting at right, sh8"'s his buddies a captured Jap flag. Many western Michigan men participated in the capture ef Buna. Medical Heroes Slay 100 More GRAND RAPIDS, MICH., MONDAY, Japs,i ~ f ~inea Allies Carrying Fight to Foe Southwest of Salamaua FEBRUARY 15, 1943.-l Inspct lap Prisoners on Guadalcanal I ABied Headquarters in Australia -(JP}-Forward elements of Gen. Douglas MacArthur's army are pressing the Japanese southwest of Sa1amaua, New Guinea, with increasing force and an additional 100 Japanese warriors have been killed,· an allied communique said 1 Wednesday. ' The allied and Japanese forces are in contact in the Wau-Mubo area, 35 miles southwest of the Japanese supply center of Salamaua. It was the allied airport at Wau which enticed the Japanese into an aerial fight last week in which more than 40 Japanese planes were destroyed or damaged. W-e\day's communique indicateOthe ~ ground forces were j carrying the fight to the Japanese . while previously the Japanese had , been driving on allied positions. Allied attack planes and Jongrange fighters bombed and strafed Japanese positions at Lae, another Japanese supply point a few mile northwest of Salamaua. H~avy allied bombers caused ex- i tensive damage to the ~irport and I shipping facilities at Kendra! in the j Celebes, the communique said, and an 8,000-ton vessel was reported ' bombed. Results were unobserved. t A United States marine sergeant lining up a rroup of Jap prisoners, former members of a tabor hattaliori of Jap forcellll on Guadalcanal, for inspection and exercise. Note the J'ps' split-toed shoes. Overcome Jungle, Ellmlnate Rats and Snakes to Set Up Field Hospital In mmote New Guinea. 1..-\:>.. - 't ·~ With American Forces in New Guinea-'(JP)-The six officers and sixty-four enlisted men of the mediCal corps here cleared out Kunai grass which was chest high. From under every other coconut tree they removed pilel.:o!- ,dried and rotting coconuts that filled 75 trucks. Thus they killed great numbers of rats and snakes which were making their homes there. To make their surgery tent insect-proof, they sewed together at least a score of mosquito bars. They : took the bottom parts of t)leir ' Sibley stoves, intended to keep their ward tents warm in cold climates, sealed the ash - removing doors w ith ta.i- and now use them for wash basins in the dressing station. From the air force they borrowed , oxygen cylinders and .pilots' oxygen masks so that oxygen could be administered during operations when necessary. Because they wanted a shower and had only straight sections of pipe without elbow joints; they got one of their· patients wbo was in . ordnance to weld the sections of pipe together. So, after tJiree months, Maj. John B. Morey of Ada, Okla., and his staff have a field hospital able to take care of hundreds of patients, to give complete definitive care, to perform any type of major operation. One man who was accidentally shot through the stomach and small intestine with a .45 was up and w'll\9og in two weeks. Accurate :X-rays are developed witn• in seven 6r .elght minutes after a j patienl'j lifr!ftl ln th~ X-ray tent. �II -1 -'t~ CHAPLAIN FORGY A Presbyterian naval chaplain, Lieut. Howell Forgy (above), 34 years old, of Haddonfield, N. J., was credited in news reports from \ the Pacific battlefield area with use of the now-famed fighting phrase: "Praise the Lord and pass the ammunition," which gained popularity as· part of the words of a nationwide song hit. Some sources suggested that the plirase was originally used in Civil Vl/ar days. Lieut. Forgy once played football as Muskingum college, New Concord, 0. And pass the ammunition holds good for these marines on Guadalcanal. While nearby gun barks as U. S. troops mop up Japs· on the Mantanikou river section, Catholic fighting men kneel befo~e an outdoor altar as Father Reardon, marine chaplain, says Sundal mass. Repo;t"'from Melbourne Tells of Mission Massacre Melbourne, Oct. 16.-(Aneta)- and there slaughtered by t he J apa- of islands were said to have b('- Guin~a. A Roman catholic Bishop and . . . . .seve. n other Catholic m1ss10nanes were massacred by the J apanese July 13 on The Netherlands East 1Indies island of Kai, it was announced today by The Netl\erlands East Indies government information service I1ere. According to. eyevy1tness '.3-C• .counts the informat10n service said, the bishop and t he seyen others were herded onto the wharf at Langgoer, Kai's principal port, 32nd Division Stages Rally ; -.p- 't- 3 nese soldiery. The fate of t he remaining missionary priests a nd n uns on t he islan d, w ho are k nown t o have falle n into Jap anese h an ds, r emains unknown. The bishop, w ho was named J ohannes Aerts an d was 62 years old had Jive d on t he island most of his life, the announcement stated, and was revered and loved by the inhabitants. The populations of Kai and of the neighboring Tanimbar gronp come enraged over the "bestial behavior" of the Japanese, ,vhose actions t he information service described as a "bloody massacre." W hile t ile cause of the murders was not stated, it js believed here that Bishop Aerts and companions were slaughtered because the bishop had ordered the destruc tio n of. a motor launch prior to the arnval of the Japanese. Monsignor Aerts, who held the rank of Titular Bishop, was Apostolic Vicar of Netherlands New Deaths in Battle Confirmed :i. - i'I- - >i-2, Two Grand Rapids soldiers formerly reported missing in N ew Guinea now have been officially r eported killed in action. STAFF SGT. WALTER H . MILLER, left, son of Mr. and :l\frs. William L. l\liller, 457 Hubert-st., N. E., was buried on the battleground last Dec. 7, the parents were informed. SGT. ADRIAN BUSH , right, son of Mr. and Mrs. John Bush, 1S13 Nort h-av., N. E., was killed Dec. 7. His jurisdiction a~so ineluded many of the smaller islands to the east, among them the Tanimbat and Kai groups. His seat was at Langgoer, where he met his death. He was a member of the congregation of the Sacred Heart, as were all the priests, nuns and brothers working his vicariategeneral, with the exception of some Franciscans stationed to the north . It is assumed, therefore. that the seven who were murdered with him belonged to that order. The nuns in the vicariate. who belonged to a congregation of the order called the Daughters o! Our Lady of the Sacred Heart, taught in schools in the vicariate, and served in a hospital at Lang.goer, where a novitiate for native nuns and brothers was also held. Monsignor Aerts was born at Swolgen, in The Netherlands, Feb. 8, 1880, and consecrated bishop Nov. 30, 1920. In 1939, the last year for which statistics are available, there were 12 priests stationed in the Langgoer area. The number of nuns 1and brothers is believed to have been much larger. I �FEBRUARY 11, 1943. :i..-i:.- i i Japs Lie, Says 'f- 3 Third of Japs in Wau Slain Mac Arthur :;i_ - ,1 - '1- ·s They Didn't Evacuate New Guinea, They Died, Declares General UNITED NATIONS HEADQUARTERS in AUSTRALIA (F1·iday) (INS)-Japanese forces. in New Guinea, for the second time in six weeks, have suffered a heavy defeat, Gen. Douglas MacArthur announced today. More than a third of the Japanese ALLIED HEADQUARTERS AUSTRALIA, (Thursday) UPI - tioops that Gen. Douglas MacArthur's communique Wednesday virtually ' called Japan's Mikado liar, ing Gen. Tomatari Horti and his army did not evacuate the Buna area o! New Guinea at the end of January as the Japanese claimed but "perished.'' This pointed commentary was included along with the announcement o! a fresh A11ied ground tory on the approaches to Sala.maua and Lae, the next Jap bases of importance since the victor I at Euna sealed triumph for the Allies in the Papuan peninsula. The communique announced that the main Jap force has been encountered in the Wau area, some 35 miles southwest of Salamaua, and forced back for six miles, after which our artillery continued to pour it on the retreating enemy. The communique's blunt giving of the lie referred to Wednesday's statement in a Japanese imperial headquarters communique that its troops pulled out of Buna. "It ls a complete fabrication and must be regarded as propaganda rather than ai;; a miH• t-a,ry report," snapped MaoArthur's version of the battle. It marked the first time Gen. MacArthur had given the Ue direct to the Japanese and his language was typically forthright and in• cisive. He said "the necessity for such subterfuge" as the Japanese claim "in the name of the emperor himself represents ·a moral defeat even greater perhaps than the physical one he has suffered." ... The rel,)l\rf_. nl Jhe Jap setbr.~ a sayi attacked Allied positions at WaUi south of Salamaua, have been de• strayed, a communique announced. The enemy has suffered almost 1,000 killed since launching the first attack Jan. 30, the communique said~ It was estimated that more than half of the Jap's forward striking units were killed and "many times" that number were belteved to have been wounded or died as an indirect result o:t the Wau action. The routed enemy force now is , retreating toward Mubo, defense ! outposts to Nippon's big base at 1 Salamaua, roughly 10 miles to thfl north, The battle for Wau, which began two weeks ago as a Jap patrol raid and gradually developed into a full-scale ground fight, was the 1 second defeat for the enemy since IUICHIGAN TROOPS ADVANCE AGAINST JAPSearly January, when Nippon's Pa• i paun army was crushed in the : \tembers of the 32nd division, originally a Wisconsin and l\lichigan National Guard outfit, wade 1 Buna-Gona area. across a New Guine& stream with their bearers, right, during the recent march on the Japs, in 1 Two hundred additional Japanese the Buna sector where members of the division won 55 distinguished service crosses for heroism dead were counted yesterday in in wiping out the enemy force. I the Wau area by Australian forces, which also took a number of enemy prisoners during the battle, it was officially disclosed. With the enemy still retreating northeast of Wau, all threat to the safety of the Allied garrison buried deep in the heart o! the Owen Stanley mountain ranges of i northwestern Papua now appears to be removed, according to an Allied spokesman. Allied troops, fighting an intel• ligent defensive warfare in the hills and deep valleys around Wau, suffered only "relatively light" cas• ualties, it was announced, vie-I I A~::~: I ~~Y~:fsc~~!~;:e:hac~~~e~y seized the initiative in that area. In driving the Japs back six miles in the Wau area, an Allied spokesman said 125 more of the enemy had been slain. This raised Ij~p:~~le~h~: :i~t r: t~:ean~i;;::~ patrol raids or skirmishing in re-cent weeks. Despite the success reported today, the fighting remains on a comparatively smaU scale, although increasing in intensity. " WEA.RY YAJ\'KS REST BESIDE JUNGLE TRAILFoot-weary and of sober mind, members of the heroic 32nd division sit beside a jungle trail for rest in the march to Buna. - I :I ·-- Guadalcanal Is Free ')_. 1:3- 'I'S " America1.1 forces have cleaned the Japs out of Guadalcanal as well as Papua. The Secretary of the Navy has announced, and Tokyo has confirmed it, that the Japs took a good and healthy licking in Guadalcanal and New Guinea. Many thousands of Japanese died in their efforts to hold these two spots in the southwest Pacific. A great many fine American boys also lost their lives in the battles there. But the Government assures us that our losses were small in comparison with the losses of the Japs, We find some aatiafaction in that. s- �......_____ MONDAY, MARCH 1, 1943 JAPANESE EYES ON AUSTRALIA ipponese Reported einforcing Positions taps (Continued from Page 1) Lging and probably destroying an 1.dditional bomber and eight flght~rs u the communique said. - • 1Anti-aircraft and machine gun ';wsitions were silenced and fires ;tarted in the building area. "Three enemy fighters, all that tpparently remained after the d_is1ster on the ground, attempted ln1 :erception as our aircraft left the :arget area. One was shot out of Lction by cannon shells and the ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA, Monday UP) - ,thers were driven off. The Japanese are reinforcing their positions north of A.ustralia "All our planes returned." apparently to prepare for action against Australia, the Allied &AID l{AI ISLANDS high command announced toda):. Medium bombers raided an en"Our air reconnaissance over the past weeks report a constant ~my-occupied . townh in thdeamKaga; . . t . I . th stands, causmg eavy and growmg remforcemen 1n a _l cate~ries of en~my streng lmong the buildings with direct - - - ~ - - - 1 1n the island perimeter envel- )omb bits and strafing attacks, oping the upper half of Aus•i 1Vhile heavy units of the airforce tralia,'' the noon communique ,ombed bot~ Finschhafen and Lae ·d j n New Gumea. sa1 • ! Ground forces in the Wau-Mubo "The enemy seems to be con• ,1,rea drove the enemy from th~ centrating his main effort in Naipainlng-Waipali area. Seventy preparation on this front. Su~h fapanese dead were c_ounted _in one • ocality the communique sa1d, but ~n . assembla~e of_ maJor force nany ~ncounted dead remained in md1cates he 1s taking up a posi• :he brush. tion in readiness. "Our air attacks have apparentMAY PLAN A'ITACK y been effective against personAsked . whether the Japanese 1.el," the communique said of aerial were preparing to attack or de- 1.ssaults against the Japanese in fend themselves, a spokesman at :hat area. "The enemy now has Gen. MacArthur's headquarters )een thrown back approximately, said: m miles from the scene of his de"It could be either offensive or :eat at Wau.'' defensive." Several enemy aircraft appeared Japanese positions presently ex- ,ver Milne bay during the night, tend more than 2,000 miles above lropping bombs harmlessly in the Australia, from the Solomons in ;>ay. the east to Timar island in the ,\•est Ma.jar aerial activity in the northweJtern sector possibly against the enemy's reinforcemen t activities - was disclosed in the comnµ.inique. ALLIES SURPRISE JAPS Allied Jong range fighters swept over the Penfoei airdrome in the Koepang area of the island of Timar at ground level just after dawn Sunday, completely surprising the enemy. "Eighteen thousand rounds of cannon_ and heavy machine gun fire were poured into enemy aircraft caught on the field, completely destroying four b?mbers and nine fighters and seriously d amI See JAPS-Page I ., Heavy C,oncentrations lndicaf,e foe Get-ting Ready for Acfion I I WASHINGTON (AP) - An In· dication that America's naval in the PacUic is about ready to undel'take a drive ~or positions from which Japanese mdustrial centers can be brought uni der direct and devastating attack came Sunday from Admir3:l Ch~ster w. Nimitz, commander 1n chief of the pacific fleet. "We are now at the cross roads of the Pacific campaign," Nimitz said in a radio broadcast sponsored by the American Red Cross. Hls prepared statement w~ released by the navy in Washington. "Through t )l e unmatched devotion of the men who held t h e Jines in the trying months of t h e past year, we have turned back the enemy in the South Pacific. The loss of Gu adalcanal marks the fir 5t defeat of that kind suffered by the Japanese in modern times. oFrom now on," he continued, "the going will be tougher as we undertake the task of driving the enemy from prepared positions he has been building in the conquered areas. AMERICAN OBJECTIVES Two statements in Admiral Nimitz's brief discussion of future operations in the Pacific attr?-cted special attention in naval circl~s here. Both had to do with h1s definition of American objective~. The first was his assertion that 1t is "our job" to •'neutralize" Japan's island strongpoints; the secon~ was that from the advance positions to b e won, it is the navy's intention to shell as well as to bomb enemy industrial centers. In the past,'virtually all authoritative discussion of attack ~n Japan itself has been st3:ted m terms of airpower - that is, that the Japanese would be bo~be_d from bases in China and Russia (lf and when Russia enters the Pacific war) and from aircraft carriers which wou ld not have to approa~h closer t h an 200 miles :o Japan in order to deliver t1;1e1r bombers. REGARDED AS PROMISE Nimitz's statement was regarded here, however, as a promise ~f naval bombardment of the enemy s vulnerable coastal cities by the heavy guns of the American fleet -an operation which would prob· I ably be undertaken only in the final phases of an amphibious offensive aimed at the conquest of the Japanese homeland. Neutralization of the enemy empire's island strong points, it was said, normally would precede .any attack on Japan itselt and might be accomplished in several ways. The effect of ·attrition on Japanese seapower should 11:1crease ~he enemy's difficulties m supplying J his more distant bases such as Struk in the South Pacific. Moreover, many of these bases can be outfl'anked by American sea and air attack on intermediate stroti,g.,_ with Japan. points linking them l might I Jap Troop Toll Equals That of Papuan Battle j - 'I- . 'I-:, (By Associated Press.) Allied bombers with their deadly blasting of a Japanese convoy this week killed in just t wo days as m a n y en emy soldiers as were wiped out in six months of bitter fi gh tin g in the Papuan jun~les of New Guinea. The Japs landed at Buna in July of last year a nd opened the Papuan campa ign w hich did not end until last J a nuary. Gen. Tomotari Horii lost an army estimated at 15,000 in that defeat - the sa me number ,of troops as perished in two days time under the assault of Gen. Douglas MacArthur's bombers, u, fleet Ready for Japanese __ �.- , >t:, '>-~ Spirits Are High Pacific War Victims Joke About Their Experiences in Fort Custer Hospital Battle Creek-(/P)-One hundred sniper at Guadalcanal, a wound which brought him the purple heart award in a ceremony Sun- ) day. "We went out on an early-morning patrol about 1,000 yards inside J'ap territory and started to get a 1 this week and renewed their be1lief that there's no place at Guad- Jap gun near Henderson field when they got me," he related. "l just alcanal or the Solomons or in Ausrolled over and played dead while tralia thl:\,t compares to home. my buddies went on-they got the "My folks are glad to know . I'm Jiere/' smiled Pfc. Arthur Ka1se_r, gun, too, by the way-and I tossed f a couple of grenades while lying 23 veteran of a 9-month tour m A~stralia, who hails from He_rron, there just to do my part." near Alpena. Kaiser was stricken ''Boy, this country looked good 1 when we got in San Francisco, but 1 with a stomach ailment overseas. "Those Australian girls were when I was brought back to Michinice" he grinned, displaying a gan, it was tops," said Cpl. Walter snaPshot of himself with a bright- C. Corda, 27, of Bessemer. Corda eyed member of the WAAF in Aus- developed asthma in service in Australia. "I'd just as soon stay in this tralia and New Guinea. Says He Killed 50, country, though, when I'm better." Played ,Possum. Many of the men spent the first Cheerful and glad to be back was few days after their arrival here Sgt. James Genovese, 31, former examining souvenirs brought from. f Chicago railroad employe who was the battle zones. ''Quite a hunk of metal, isn't it?" shot in the right foot by a Jap asked Pvt. Ralph Alvarado, a Mex• ican youth from Gary, Ind., also a purple heart winner, whose left t arm was held high on a splint. "This is the shrapnel they took out of rrty arm," he said, displaying a 3-inch piece of ragged metal. He was at Guadalcanal. Eight bed-ridden victims joined in I the telling of conditions at Guadalcanal, of the fighting they had seen and done, "And the place was lousy with Japs," one blond youth shouted across the ward. "Everywhere you looked you saw Japs, live ones and dead ones. Boy, we knocked 'em off, too." . One of the men, asked if he had killed any of the enemy, said: "I figure I took care of about 50 per1sonally ." The others•mumbled their own 'scores" ranging from 15 to 35. \ seventy-five war casualties from the southwest Pacific area began to 1 "get the feel" of crisp, clean sheets , and spotless wards in the new Percy Jones general hospital here l I Heavily-bearded, hi• uniform In tatters, SGT, LLOYD GILLMER of Big Rapids, &its on a fallen tree at Bun~ New Guinea, to re1t an<I smoke a cigaret, Even while relaxing from the fighting he keeps hii 1ubm&ehlne gun ready at hand, Capt. Hartnacke, Injured in Camp, Dies; ~Body Is Expected Saturday 11 -\/-.3 Capt, Franz J. HartnRcke, formerly of this city, died at 9 :10 a. m. Thursday in the army hospital at Camp Livingston, La., from injuries he received in the crash of an army jeep during maneuvers last Saturday. Announcement of his death was received here by David L. Cavera, father of Capt. Hartnacke's wife, the former Miss Roselyn Cavera, ;::en!:' w~~;e ;~;:· isp: :~fer °':f charge of troop reconnaissance in the service. He served five years in the ROTC at Michigan State college, from where he was graduated in 1939, and was made a I-:-========:::::::::::;;;;;- SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1943 . I Flash,'' due to his prominence in athletics during his first year in high school. He was chosen on several all-city teams in football, basketball and track, and carried 1 his athletic prowess on to college. His scholastic record was con- 1 sistently high. l EXPECTED HEBE SATURDAY In Grand Rapids he was a city , playground director during the ' summer months between college terms, and upon graduation was Capt. Hartnacke. traffic engineer for the state high.. STAGED GALLANT FIGHT way department here, Since the accident, which ocCapt. Hartnacke's body will curred in a collision of jeeps, Capt. leave Alexandria, La., at 3 p. m. Hartnacke being thrown out, he Friday and is expected to arrive in staged a gallant fight for life, and Grand Rapids Saturday at 10 p. three army nurses were in conm., escorted by ~ieut. :r. Cahill, stant attendance despite the fact who served under Capt. Hartthere were very few of them to nacke. be spared. Relatives had been adDue to uncertainty of train vised to visit him in the camp schedules and Mrs. Hartnacke's hospital as soon as possible, and condition, definite funeral arrangehis wife, together with Mrs. ments have been withheld until Greene and another sister, Mrs. the body arrives. Memorial serv' Catherine Westrate, left Sunday ices were held Thursday night in night, arriving in Louisiana. Tues~ Alexandria by the captain's group, day morning. the 38th reconnaissance troop of They were with him when death CAPT. HARTNACKE the 38th infantry division. came, and Capt. Hartnacke r e - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 If the body arrives in Grand gained consciousness long enough flr st lieutenant July 10, 1941. He Rapids Saturday, funeral services to realize they were there. Mrs. entered active service the fol- will be held Tuesday at 10 a. m. Hartnacke is expecting their first lowing Sept. 10 and was commis- in SL Andrew's church, with bur-child. sioned captain Oct. 14, 1942. ial in Mt. Calvary cemetery, The The captain at 28 was reputed At Catholic Central high sbhool Colpnial funeral home will have to be tho youngest captain In he was nicknamed tho "Freshman charge of arrangements. Parents Informed Friday of Son's Death in Battle Word of the death in action of Technician Roman F. Ollneak, 23, son of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph B. Ollneak of 917 Lincoln ave., NW., was made public Friday by his parents. Ollneak previously had been ieported missing in action in the southwest Pacific. On Feb. 18, Mr. and Mrs. 011neak received a letter informing them that thetr· son had been killed and that the body had been buried, - --·-- Friday they received a postal card stating that it would be some time before parttclulars of his death would be available. Mr. and Mrs. OlJneak flrllt learned that their son wu mining on Feb. 5. He had jofned the armj in April, 1940, and has gone overseas in 1941. He was employed by the American Seating company before entering the service. Besides his parents, Ollneak la survived by three brothers, Joseph, and John of Grand Rapids, and Robert, In the navy, and three sisters, Helen and Leonore at home, and a third sister, who is a nun in the Order of Notre Dame, 1n Milwaukee. In an official dispatch received In The Herald office recently for publication on Saturday morning, Corp. Jack L. White, 24, son of Mr. and Mrs. Charles E. White. 120 Lamoreaux st., Comstock Park, was listed as having been wounded in action in New GUinea. Corp. White served ln the na,. tional guard for three years before he was called into service tn October, 1940. Before going overaeas he was trained by the army tn communications and engineering. He waa employed by the Corduroy Rubber company before ente ! active service. Other casualties listed In t official releaae previously had ·b<j reported by Tho Herald. �TUESDAY, MARCH 2, 1943 JAP FORCE NEARS NEW G"UINEA Japs Move • on New GUlnea 1 Sight Large Convoy Off Coast; MacArthur Force Poises Blow By LEE VAN ATTA UNITED NATIONS HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Tuesday) (INS) - One of the largest Japanese convoys yet to move in the direction of New Guinea - consisting of 14 warships and merchantmen - was sighted Monday off the north coast of New Britain, it was announced today. The convoy, it was announced in a communique is- Isued at Gen. Dou·gla.s Mac4"rthur's headquarters, ls moving under cover of an advancing weather front and Allied heavy bombardment units now are poised waiting for clearing skie'S and a chance to strike at the enemy vessels. Not since the time several weeks ago when a big convoy, including nine merchantmen and their warship escort tried to put in at Lae, has a flotilla approaching this size been spotted in New Guinea water's. _A.erlal reconnaissance unlts first discovered the swift enemy move only a few hours after Gen. MacArthur had re-leased a statement warning of tremendous Japanese concentrations in the island chain rimming northern Australia. The convoy wa'S spotted Monday afternooo off Ubili on the north coast of New Britain. Despite extremely adverse weather condi1 ~~r:~in:;e inr:~:~:~~ss;~t~e t~!a~:~ emy throughout the night and this morning the ships were believerl west of New Britain. The convoy's definite objective has not yet been reported. I WEATHER SCREENS MOVE I Taking advanta·ge of the weather front, just a'S has been done during every Nipponese attempt to reinforce or regarrison New i Guinea, the convoy so far has moved free of attack from Allied airmen. As soon as conditions dear, however, It is expected that mighty Flying Fortresses and Liberators will be hurled into a heavy a'Ssault. Meanwhile, an official spokesman disclosed the presence of Allied ground patrols in the Maria river ' area, ateadlly destroying the remnSee PACIFIC FRONT-Page 1Z Pa~l!!~uef~~!a~~ I 1) ants, of Japanese troops along the north coast of New Guinea. The Allied patrols formed a part of MacArthur's Gona garrison, it was revealed1 and in a surprise attack Monday they thrust into the Warla rive1· mouth sector to smash four large barges which had been dis- covered there. Heavy Liberator bombers made their first attack of the war against the Nipponese harbor at Waingra- poe on known island) of this the island of Soemba (also as ,Sandalwood or Sumba in the northwestern sector THE theater. Enemy shipping in the harbor of thi5 island, which is west of Timar, was pounded by AXIS MONKEYS bomber crews. American A-20s bombed ~ and strafed Japanese supply lines linking Guadalcanal with Salamaua while one Liberator made its almost daily bombing attack against Alexishafen airdrome, POUND JAP BASES WASHINGTON (JP) - American bombers pounded Japanese island bases in both the north and south Pacific over the week-end, th~ navy repol'ted Monday, and successfully attacked a cargo ship which blew up and sunk. The ship was hit in the snortland island area of the Solomons in the south Pacific where the main weight of the American attack was directed. It probably was either an ammunition ship or was loaded with gasoline in drums since it appears to have been destroyed by violent internal explosion resulting from the hits. The same force of planes which sank the ship, four-engined \:iberators and Avenger torpedo car-. riers, also assaulted enemy positions at Kahili and Ballale in the Shortland area. Large fires were started, a navy communique said, and an enemy · aircraft was destroyed on the ground. One U. S. plane failed to return. This raid was carried out on Sunday, Solomons time, and the same day a Hudson patrol bomher attacked the Munda airbase area on New Georgia island in the central Soloinons in the 79th raid of the war against that objective. Meanwhile, Daunt 1 e s s Uve bombers, with Lightning and Wildcat fighter escort, started fires at Vila on Kolombangara island in the Munda area. In the north Pacific on Saturday, medium and heavy bombers with fighter protection assaulted enemy 0 ~~:f!io;!re nn:t:~~e!~:;d :~!ii: bombers returned to Kiska on Sunday and scored hits In the enemy camp. All American planes returned from both of those attacks', 77/E rVe#RE.e IS" ,,. I $7"/tL. Ta7 81/SY I n::,.1)£1.11/ER HIS' S'P~tt"'H~S -ee12u~ We St/Frl:RcP #0 A'IMACt= -l>Alt.Y~ REP=r. 8<?/1'18/NC' ATTAC.-Kr' .S/Mll.AR 7V 77/0SE OY MILi/iV 1/IVb NAPLES ARE NO t.ON'<i,!'",e l POSS/BU:. -IZOMrsntin.Mlr-.~ T1,e /r,4U,fN' ,OJ!i'4P,£. I ! �omhers Cripple I Japanese Convoy 3 ,3-'f-J, - Allied Planes Smash 4 of 14 Enemy Ships - j - s · 'I-.3 - Calling All Japs Nearing Guinea - -,- RAIDS CONTINUING Allied Headquarters in Australia (IP) -The crippled and widely• scattered remnants of a 14-ship Japanese convoy, smashed by allied bombers and fighters, staggered - ~:::::~alism~~~~uf:a t~~~rd ff~~ l enemy base at Lae, New Guinea, ~ -rith Gen, Douglas MacArthur's , •. 't 1anes relentlessly on its trail. At least four transports and cargo !?ssels of the original armada of even Japanese warships and seven erchant ships have been sunk or 1· damaged and thirteen Japanese fighter planes out of the umbrella of thirty or forty that tried to provide protection to the convoy have been shot out of action, allied headquarters announced. "Our losses are light. The battle continues," an allied headquarters communique said. The bulletin said a 10,000-ton transport had been hit five times and 1eft awash and in flames; an 8,000-ton transport had been sunk aftPr breaking in two; a 6,000-ton vessel was directly hit on the bow. and a sma1ler vessel was damaged and set afire. Allied Flying Fortresses and Liberator bombers, with a fleet escort of P38 fighters, stabbed through murky haze, thick clouds and rain to deliver their blows in the face of heavy anti-aircraft :fire and Japanese fighter planes. ''Other hits or near-hits were scored against warships and cargo ships, "results of which have so far been impossible to assess," the communique said. Pilots reported a near-hit on a Japanese light cruiser. Gen. MacArthur's airmen also pounded Lae, concentrating on the i:tirdrome area. Allied bombers also attacked airdromes on Soemba and Soembava islands, northwest C).f Australia; destroyed an ammunition ship with a 500-pound bomb and Wide bay, New Britain, and smash~d at the Gasmata, New Britain, airdrome, the communique said. Elated pilots who participated in the attack on the convoy saw heavy bombs explode amidships on the 8,000-ton transport and watched it split Jn two and sink in flames within two minutes, reports from operations bases said. Flames which poured from the wreckage of other ships were visibk: fot· 1i long distance, it was reported. · I I ''Surrender or be killed" was the ultimatum served on Guadalcanal Japs via loudspeakers in the jungle. LT. COL. fRED MUNSON, left, broadcast to the enemy in Japanese, pointing out the many ad• vantages of surrendering. Some Japs surrender ed, the rest were killed, Sighted 200 Japs-Liquidated SanM And Thal W role Finis lo 15,000 M en and 22 Ships By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS all that r emained to mark the ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN grave of the Japanese armada AUSTRALIA (Saturday) - An Althat ha~ set out from Rabaul, lied airman saw 200 Japanese New Britain. troops in three lifeboats - all that "Our long range fighters and remained of 15,000 spilled into the bomber units swept the entire area Bismarck sea by the sinking of a (of the Huon gulf) completing mop22-ship convoy dropped his ping up of barges, lifeboats and bombs and messaged his base: "No rafts from sunken ships of the survivors." Bismarck sea convoy," the noon T hat ended one of the most communique -of Gen. Douglas Macbrllliant aerial strokes by Arthur reported. American and Allied fliers in "Effortg at escape were largely the southwest Pacific, a spokes- fruitless and practically all were man said today in commenting ; destroyecLThere-;;;-;c-;-r;ely a on the high command commu- Asurvivor so far as was known.'' nique announcing ''there was The convoy of 10 warships and , scarcely a survivor." 12 transports was sunk in a threeThe final score: day attack, beginning Tuesday, as For Japan - Ten Japanese war- the Japs sought to send badly needships, cruisers and destroyers, ed reinforcements to its garrison at sunk; 12 merchantmen, transports Lae, New Guinea, • and cargo ships sunk; more than At Lae, seizing upon the op80 enemy planes destroyed or put portunity presented by the disout of commission; and the troops, ruptlon of the Jap plans, Mac• estimated at 15,000, which the JapArthur's planes for the seCond anese were hurrying to their atraight day Kave that Huon threatened foothold in the Lae:- I gulf base a terrific pounding•. Salamaua sector of upper New "A series of co-ordinated attacks Guinea. , by all categories of our air force For the AJlles - Only one ·were made on the airdromes and bombe~. and three .fighters Jost. adjacent installations through t h e The mopping up of the surviv- day," the communique said. ors off the New Guinea coast was "Fires were started which were carried out methodically yesterd~y visible for 40 miles. Weak enemy by Allied bombers and lon g-ran&? forces attempted interception but fighters sweeping the sea. 11· • were dispersed by our cover. Three More than 400 J apanese perlshet! enemy planes were shot down." in the final operations in an area Mention of the weak intercepfrom 20 to 75 miles off the New tion appeared highly significant in Guinea coast in Huon gulf. Barges, view of the fact that in Thursday's lifeboats and rough log rafts to stepped-up aerial operations at Lae, which the enemy troops were cl~~g- Allied planes had to battle more in g were torn up by high explosives than a score of Japs, shootin g down or ripped apart by the fighters' 17 in addition to blasting six which machine-guns. wer e on the ground refueling. By n ightfall only • mall bit& o wreckage a nd oil slick s w e:re "Power barrea'Ioaded with ] troops from the sunken trans.. ports were destroyed wit h all on board." "I n t e n s i v e an d widespread searches by our reconnaissance aircra!t (in the Huon gulf) early ye• terday morning failed to reveal any remaining trace of the enemy con~ voy in the entire area beyond float Allies Down Total ing wreckage and occasionally lifeof 82 Foe Planes, boats and barges containing troops. Finish Off Ships c->t3 , LAST TW O DESTR OYERS "Two damaged destroyers which B y The ASSOCIATED P RESS had lasted during the (Wednesday) ALLIED H EADQUARTERS IN n ight were attacked, hit and sunk. AUSTRALIA, (Friday) - Aerial Earges, lifeboats and rafts still "mop up" squadrons have now afloat were strafed and sunk. Four completely finished off the 22-ship enemy fighters were encountered Japanese convoy that was sma.ah-:?d and shot down without loes to ourin the battle Of Bismarck sea, and. selves." have knocked 27 more Japanese ~ Th us in three days after beginplanes out of the sky, the Allied ning the battle off the aouthern- 1 high command announced ton ight. most tip of New Britain, along whose north coast 'the convoy had Sweeping flights disclosed the s6ught to steal from Rabaul under only remaining trace of what protection of bad weather, Machad been a powerful army .was Arthur's air arm had cost the en~ floating bits of wreckage of my an army as large as that which ships and · occasional lifeboats .\ and barges containin g troops. for i,ix months battled before losComplete destruction of th(' con~ ing the Papuan pen~sula of New ·~ voy was realized through the sink- Guinea. ing of two remaining damaged deNow the Allied ground forces of stroyers that had been left alloat. Papua are moving north:ward toThis major Allied victory cost ward Lae, the Huon gulf base the Japanese an estimated 1'51000 which t he Japs sought to reinforce j troops bound for Lae New Gµ tnea , with the convoyed troops, to reinforce their hard pressed ANOTHER AERIAL B LOW troops there. Another big aerial blow at Lae BAG 82 PLANES was described in today's commuShooting down of the 27 addi- nique: tional planes brought to 82 th e "Our heavy units bombed the total number of enemy aircraft i airdrome during the night. At day, destroyed or put out of action. in a .co-ordinated strike, our long Besides the 22 ships-10 war- range fighters and attack units ships and , 12 transports-enemy with strong fighter escort swept barges and lifeboats carrying con- over Lae and adjacent alrdromes voy survivors also were destroyed, in a series of strafing attacks the high command disclosed. from extreme low level, fl.ring 30,Even befor e tl!e final operation1:1 000 rounds from cannon and mawere announ ced the victory had chine-gun. h,en acclaimed by Gen. Do'l_glas "Six enemy fighters caught on 1 M<:.Arthur and Under-Secreta.1-y of , the ground while refueling were War Robert Patterson as a major destroyed, together with fuel trucks disaster to Japan. It gravely up~ and large fires were started in the set the enemy's war time table, building area. Our covering fightthey said. ers were challenged by 30 enemy Off Finschhafen, New Guinea, where Allied planes began their fighters. In the ensuing fight, the davastating attack an Tuesday, enemy was completely out-maneu"our heavy units strafed and san k vered and 17 of his planes were lifeboats off sh ore endeavoring to shot out of action. Our losses were ! make land.'' the communique said. extremely light.'' Thus it was indicated that the moment of the Japs' most severe setback had been seized by Gen. MacArthur to increase aerial soft- ! enin g up of the Lae defenses. I Mop Up Japs in Bismarck i _,,- I I JAP ADMillALS GET WOODEN CUPS. ~1 {BY Unitcct Press.) ,.',O" ~ Radio Tokio said Saturday ihat Emperor Hirohito ha~ received 13 Japanese admirals, just back from "the frqpt" and gave them "woo?en,. cull~" for "meritorious service. . The office of war inforplat1on, reporting the broadcast, recalled that Hirohito awarded dn imperial rescript to Adm. Isoroku Yamamoto, commanderin-chief of the combined Japanese fleet, shortly after the United States navy had defeated him in the Coral sea. Less than two weel-.:s after the JapaneSe suffered another ma~ jor defeat in the battle of _the Solomons, last November, ~irohlto summoned five admirals aild congratulated them. Radio Tokio has not mentioned the destruction of the 22ship Japanese convoy off ~ew Guinea from which no admtral was left for Hirohito to decorate. Go 1· �Michigan Men Figure • ~ ID Bitter Fighting , Wounded New Guinea Vets 'I"'.> 2,,,:1.· Laud Pl.asma, ·war N urses. · \-3-0 Battle Creek--(,lP)-"God and the Jap's stomach. It was only a min• medics" were thanked solemnly ute before Sutton had that ma- FrictaY by an infantry lieutenant c~~: ~~~ giint'~ company's trek , ••• Lieutenants Make Mark in Leadership Capt. Byron Bradford, of Austin, Minn., who is taking a leading part with his singularly light hit group ot men in advancing through this difficult, steaming marsh, today talked with your cor~espondent in & grassy hole behind the firing line while the crash of heavy weapons sounded in the trees. He pointed out that lieutenants have been outstanding ·in leadership. "Were it not for Lieut Benjamin Kleinsschmidt (of Oconomowoc, Wis.), silencing a machine gun that was sweeping our crossing of this creek, our advance today would ha.ve been impossible/' he said. Capt. Bradford pointed to his heavily armed runners, Jack Norus, of Effingham, 1U., -and Arlie Dye, of Grand Rapids, Mich. t'These are the fellows that make liaison possible. They are the best runners any commander ever had-at least 1 think so," 11 And that is the best jungle fighter here," he said, pointing to Lieut. Rogers Upton, o! Utica, N. Y. Upton is a narrow-faced, officer, about 26, the direct anti~ :~=~ ~ei!,~e:.::;:r~~!~~ei!e~~:~ Bottcher, of San Francisco. 1~ ,ton aaid: · "We simply used the Jap trick of givi~g 1:h,em bait at the side and then_ shppmg around them and at~ tacking from the ~ear.. Anybody can work these things 1f he has training enough." 2 Courses Enough 0 r the Gene ra l The American commanding 'eral said today: gen- "If I had my way, there would be just two courses taught our men before coming here: The first day they would have scouting a.nd atrol, a the second day patrol '1 20 Minutes Before .; Christmas Day 1,· ,_ l l · i :J Your correspon9,en.t, in pillboxes today, noticed that their bottoms we·re concave making it possible for individuals to Ue as though in catacombs and protected from ,. -A('ffi~ Photo. grenades. . . . . With the agility of a native, In 20 mmute~, it. will b_e Chr1s~Corp. l\Iike Shop, of Kansas City,' mas Day. T~1s 1s ~he writer s l\lo;, climbs this palm in New ;~~~~d t~~c~:!~1v:ei~~r1:1m;;ohat 1: Gmnea to for his Cent;al Malaya. There were g;eet• • ings today from the general on the More munitions came up upon the southern side of the range. backs of bearel'S. A few voices were heard singing Soon the patrol returned with part of .. 'Silent Night" near the the blue of the sea showing over kitchen waterbag. A Jap bomber their grimy shoulders. They were just came over and for once dropin part Wilson Glidden of De• ped nothing-an inverse Christmas troit; Robert Li.egeois, of Marinette, present of y•ar. Wis.; Harold Tigs, of Grafton, Wis., .As for trees, there are billions and Ray Peck, of Green Bay, Wis. of them, but most of them grow "If you don't think those guys downwards or sideways instead of are Marines out there, here's proof," up. The only . one known to be said Walter Brown, of Cassopolis, decorated stands along the bloody Mich., and he handed Capt. Silver air strip among sniper nests. a, battle emb_lem. Inste~d of Bethlehem's sta~ it g:~d~1~:nuts , M u By GEORGE WELLER (Copn,ight by The Detroit News and the Chicago Daily .New•) '1SUl ( WITH THE AMERICAN FORCES IN NEW GUINEA, Dec. 24.(Delayed)-The bitter battle of Euna grows harsher as it progresses. Today on the right flank where the prize is a mud•slogged airdrome with two wrecked Jap fighters on it1 tanks again pushed our line farther up the field in what resembled a bloody gain for yardage upon some incrediable foot ball stadium of enormous size. If there is an uglier, muddier, dirtier, bloodier, hotter way to fight, your mud-lathered correspondent hopes never to be obliged to witness it. Now in the mosquito•filled twilight under a rain-saturated half-tent by gasoline lamp which continually breaks down, making what is written undiscernible, it is im•-r--------------1 possible to do justice to a whole the Australians progressed lP"""fleld two days of sweat and sacrifice of th~ main Buna drome, wi£h the I Ofcewhicn re.'.::-Cl1ed m an o d~iiavtrsmg urn w1m. southeastern noon. end of the strip. In less than 10 minutes this writer thrice sought refuge and engineers dove into the mud as a ·Jap machine gun opened up on the hammering men. They were commanded by Lieut. James B. Doughite, of Murfrees• boro, N. C. This is opener country and the kunai grass here is shorter. Australian tanks made some progress. The Japs possess !Several antiaircraft guns and high-power machine guns and .a re entrenched in force at the northwestern end of the strip. However, heavy pillboxes on the northeastern side of the nearly mile-long strip facing Semimi Creek are somewhat less formidable. Ser gt. Roy Finch, of New Kirk, Okla., and Corp. Tom Nicholas, of Newport, Ind., made a direct at• tack on the bunkers between the main and dummy strips. "We threw ih ·gi·enEides till they stopped firing," fhey said simply. On the Snan8.nanda front, our sappers gained unexpectedly some 40 yards in this untested Japanese position by meeting in their trench with .Japs and killing four of their engineers. i Yanks Prove Their Mettle as Jungle Soldiers in Steaming Papua I .. .. who lived through the h-1 of New after several enemy groups in a 1 Guinea battles by virtue of what flanking movement which nearly army medical officers term "one resulted in disaster. "They had us nearly surrounded. We caught 17 of those miracles" and, his. left _e~e of 'em bathing in the river and shot out, continues to praise civil- wiped 'em out. But that was only ians who supply blood plasma and the beginning. There were Japs army nurses who hover over war all around us. At times we were casualties in the jungles. tossing grenades at each other He is Lt. Burnham L. Peters of from only 10 yards." , Menomonee, Wis., one of 275 war On the fourth day of the action casualties of the Pacific area who Vos was injured and was being arrived at Percy Jones general carried through the jungle e;n a hospital from San Francisco Wed- litter when the Japs openect a nesday. machine-gun attack. Bullets ripped Peters was moving through the a limb from a tree, he said, dropNew Guinea jungles with the ping the branch across his shrapfamed 32nd division when a Jap nel-riddled abdomen. sniper fired a bullet directly into Tells of Transport Sinkiug. his left eye. The bullet coursed Pvt. Francis J. Brunet, 28, of j down into Peter's skull and lodged Houghton, testified that New Zeanear the base of the brain. land was an ideal place to :fight In a field hospital1 the eye was and Jive. Admitting he left a removed and, days later at Port sweetheart there, Brunet said he 'Moresby, army medical officers re- probably would return for her moved the bullet. after the war and perhaps make "That's when I first thanked God his home there. He was among and the medics," he said Friday. the first troops landed at Guadal• "But for the two of .them I should canal and suffered a bullet wound not be here. And, believe me, those in his foot. sulfa drugs. a!ld blood plasma are The sinking of the troop tra~nsworth a mill10n to the guys o:t,tt j>Qft, former)y the President Coo1• there. The same goes for those ht• idge off New Hebrides was detle army nur~es who do:1't ev:n ,?et scribed by Pvt. Harold Jones, 23, under cover m a bombing raicl. of Battle Creek, who said the d~Backcd by Holland Man. ing room of the ship "split in two" Lt. Osborne R. Vos of Holland, after the liner struck two floatlng who received 16 shrapnel wounds mines. in the legs and abdomen when a "We just jumped overboard and Jap mortar shell exploded near his swam for it," he declared. "The position in New Guinea, echoed Pe- water was covered with oil and, ters' praise. when we finally reached the coral Vos, leading a platoon on a New reefs about a quarter of a mile Guinea trail Nov. 25, found his away, we were a mess. We lost group surrounded on three sides everything but the clothes we were by Jap infantrymen and fought a wearing and, if the marines and two-hour battle he described as sailors hadn't saved a few old "quite a sc,ramble" before retreat- things1 \;e'd have had to go native ing. Vos' unit, counting one dead for a whi1e. We looked like the and only two wounded, left more devil for a few days." than seventy-five dead Japs in the jungle, he said. · Vos said his outfit had been isolated 12 days in the foothills of the Owen Stanley mountains and had ben given up for lost. Lauds Charlevoix Private. t,I recall one day Pvt. Orin Sutton, a Charlevoix machine-gunner, was dozing off when a Jap ran from behind a tree, bayonet outstretched, ready for the kill. Sutton rolled over, grabbed his pack in one hand and sank it into the 1 that ended this Christmas Eve. Our very boots, mud~soaked and gulping as we walk, deny that any• thing like justice can be done by anyone who has plugged miles through mud, bounced more upon the hot griddle in front of the jeep, his feet on the bumper, both hands on the stretcher of a badly wounded man, lain in mudholes and talked with scores of men entering or emerging from the battle. Leading Figure I tt: f~e~~c:::rso~t fna::r ~~~c:!r:. In bunkers upon the other side still with Jap blankets pinned against the low-hung walls of palmetto1 resistant to our mortar fire, we talked with Sergt. Adam Bennett, of Oshkosh, Wis.; Edward Solaway, of Detroit; Ezra Easter, of San Diego; Philip Clark, of New London, Wis., and a little blue-eyed scrapper named Orville Bainter, of Spokane, Wash., with a tommy gun nearly as big as his torso. uP t: f~~a~~ in Mission Thrust m~~e ~;:c;a~on;:;!f One of the principal figures in today's sharp thrust toward Buna )Usslon wal!!I M'aj. Benjamin J. Farrar, of Short Hnls, N. J., a. solid, tubby man with a determined, thick upper lip, whose thorough 1 ~!~Ia;es~:Jb!!Y iorml~~o~~v~~= shz~t b~~1~~n;oo~~ietly in the trench, we crawled out a.nd everyone took over behind piles of captured Jap stuff, including beautifully chrdm.ed radio r':ceivers captured from the Jap ms.rmes. Sniper's Bullets !:C~i:i,~e:se :~~ckl;a~::~~~cr~;!:~ flanking the so-called "island." 0Spray trees" h83 been the order of the still nameless American general commanding both the Australia.n and American forces here, and this order has been punctiliously observed. Twice today your correspondent Runner Edmond Warren, of Billings, Mont, his shoulders heavy with ammunition burst over the .d d fl ' b • s1 e an . ~pped down es1de us. That snipers bullets sang whlng, whing overhead. Your correspondent crouched behind the battered, Whine Overhead ~~f!:!i ~f:ea:·f~!ic1;;u~~~~~!~~ rusty cookstove that apparently! the island, once in a squashy, mud- had falle~ through the roof of the smeared rubber boat run upon native hut, on stilts, above us. wires by an infantryman crouching "Think I've got some luck with i 1;ri~~~ snipers," 0 ~1:ic;he0 ; : : 1~ea :;~;~~\1 built by engineers. Both times the bridge and boat were under fire. They were constructed under fire. So was another bridge also needed to approach this labyrinth of entrenched Japs on this marshy tongue of land, partly coconut palms, which Qccupies the western side of the outthrust camp between Buna Village and Buna Mission, and called government gardens~ Engineers Under Michigan Sergeant It ts simply more . . stinkini Papuan swamp. Thts bridge buildIng was all carried out by engineers under Sergt. Albert Texmunt, ot Gladstone, Mich. His unit is commanded by. Lieut. Edwin Kohen of Calumet, Mich. Crossing, lying half-crouched in the palpitating_ ru~ber boat with its mud-filled mtenor, the writer followed the men commanded by Capt. John L. Lehight, of ~ary, Ind,, as they , crept metbodtcally and darted qmckly from tree to treed.h El verbyhi_nadn nea rby laythht ka mu· 0 e e m a 1og or 1c • veined tree ~hile the r~in pattered on green sh1rt_s E-ou_r with sweat. As we lay m th~s forward post food was drag_ged m by James E. Gordon, of Chicago, and_ John Le~ face, of Escanaba~ Mich. Then w~ •pent several mmutes under a thick tree with Corp. Chester Curti•, of Niles, Mich. There was a Jap sniper on the of the kunai patch and ~ trees between ourselves s~id black-bearded 1 31yea~•?ld Vmcent Ru~so, ,.~f 8072 thoughtfulness of the America Prairie street, Detrort, in that soldier ~~~~pti~e r~~~v ~f!t f:lr_er th ere. Thei~ patrol had h_een successfu "U th , t d . h Paul Legerholm, Chicago sank o . sua 11 Y ey re s rappe wit, one knee beside the caPtain an th eir guns in th e trees so you cant drew out a cigaret. ever tell \~hen you ge~ th-em be- "It will take time to clean ou ~~rse n~t~ng outj said John a11 those Japs on our flanks bu .. I /~ t~~neth; a. . we are getting into our stride now, . a. .1s ,,.,.ng 10 c1ear he said :-~fcn~~~h~~ei~ nt!~~Ji~.dT~~!s~e~! _ o;er · in Government G9:-l'den three Japs They worked tog th " there .was an almost continuou • . e er. thrashmg of tommy guns. ~usso contm~ed_: . Standing later betWeen the Amer· Two Jap sm~ers chmbe? a tree can cemetery wilh its rows o an_d made a . kind of hoist. The mounds and the Japs' with thei ~e~ [h~n~s tip b? l ropte tto anonym'ou~ sti~ks thrust . th ~ • a c e e W. ? e s un. · ground, this writer saw a w1rrawa I coul~ see them f1ll1~g their of that high-hearted clan which i pockets wi th what was hoi 5ted up. often over the enemy lines, descen J:pee~ !~~y d;~!,e~heo~~p;o~~s th~:~ ing in a low sweep. trees together to make a kind of ha~e~!!e Sw~nihof ~oltwater, Mich bower and cover them completely, fire to ;ur~~n a ~o~~d:~ ti~;;:a,e One fell when I shot and all were "Budd ?" ''Hell no I d 't gone in the morning, when I could know hi~· name" S~an s~~d eve first see, except the dead one." The struggle 'for the m~i~ at strip was nonetheless exciting upo Go Over the Top the right, or eastern flank of th Buna front, which is now shorten an Reach the sea in length upon the sea to abo On this flank the Americans have one and one-half miles but ls ma been meeting principally Marines times that much walking arou • ' the circumference In ·the last t as proved by th8 anchor wi th a days we have gained nearly 1,5 five-petal blossom found on the yards of the main strip althoug ground. But the Marines also have Jap snipers are holding down t a splay-toed sneaker tabi made for infantry following the tanks, tree climbing. lateral fire from the trees. Suddenly a single tommy gun • barked and immediately it seemed Machine Gun Opens that every ditch, tree trunk, ridge B "d B "ld and bunker burst with fire. There On rt ge Ul ers was a fusillade in which the Japs' A highlight was another brid return was indistinguishable from which the cap,,---.___,,.,,'-" ours. Then those ::rby went over put across the , ~~t° :u;! d tt~s in �American soldiers playing a gai1~e "pepper" in a New Guinea village during off hours. The balls used in '· pepper" are unhnsk;:i" ~0 ~;;~~t~.N,. , - r Sight-Seeing in New Guinea---Americans on Leave Pay Visit to a Native Village . ~7". AalOClat.ed PreN Photoe .-----,,,.......~----; American soldiers, on leave from the fighting front in New Guinea, arrive at a native village during a trip down a pver. The native1 put out in small boata to creet the AmeriQUIB. Two American sergeants in the aight.aeeing party watch a native ~ in theiJ: "front yard," �- THURSDAY, MARCH 4, 1943 ALLIED AIRMEN SMASH 22 JAP SH IPS, WIPE OUT 15,000 -MEN ~-~--- -- ---- ----- --- - --- As the Allied- aerial onsJaught 1 vas stepped up, the weather :Ieared somewhat, _permitting th! ~;{~·d: : :~:i: :::•co::::h : : r lf:£):!:-i!~ ~:a~h ;!s!~:leen;:! t. "Enemy MacArthur Deals Enemv Major Defeat in Battle Ten Warships, 12 Transports Sunk· or Sinking in S. Pac·ific air coverage became :~~~e;caf::~edw:::e~isp!~~el;° ;:! ''SUNK OR SINKING" 1 "They represent tonnage esti9 flnally his remnants, isolated and ~l~t:~ea!u?Jr:ti:nai~~~- o,OOO tons. mations as we sent them into combat," the communique declared in graphic account. "The air coverage of this na':al force has been decimated and d1spersed, 55 of his planes having been shot out of combat and many ~f1:i~~er~;• o:rer:uc~:::~:ll~ir afo~i: f;;,~~~ ALLIED LOSSES LIGHT ~!~i::t~:m:~ed~ ~~sbg:~~~ "Our loss. es were light, one bomb- I destined to attack in New_. Guinea er and three fighters shot down have been sunk or killed almost and a n~mber of ot~era damaged to a man. but returned to ~ase. "The original convoy of U Gen. MacArthur himself de!§hips was joined durln~ the clared that " a merciful Proviafternoon by eight other vesdence must have guarded us in (W}s. Our air fonP in all catethis great victory.'' I gories constant!;\' at ta ck e d The communique asserted that throughout the day and shill "our decisive success cannot fa1i By VERN HAUGLAND ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA, (Thursday, UP)-A deadly, efficient aerial armada of Allied planes has almost completely destroyed a powerful Japanese convoy in one of the greatest triumphs of the war, sinking or dis• abling all 10 of its warships and all i2 of its transports, beinf ~.t least is completely disWiJJing out 15,000 troops aboard, "almost to a man" and loca ~d. . downing 55 protecting Nipponese fighting planes, Allied head• This ;'as the convoy which ~ad quarters announced today. been sighted !do.nda{ advancmg All 22 ships of the convoy, totalling 90,000 tons, were sunk fro~ New Bntam oward New or left sinking, with "this major disaster" inflicted upon the Gumea, protected th e~ by foul enemy at the astonishingly low cost of only one Allied bomber weather t?at keJ?t Alhed planes from blastmg at 1t for more than and three fighters Jost, the Allied noon communique asserted. a full day. GREATEST AIR FORCE VICTORY FIRST ATTACK The battle was believed here at headquarters to be the ... On Tuesday Allied aircraft greateset victory ever achhwed anywhere- by purely air action braved the rains and clouds to 0 0 against a naval surface force. ::teshc~~:i~:e~ : ; ~ 4w~~1!s~\!:~~ The convoy was s~ashed in assaults throughout Tuesday ing or damaging four of them. and yesterday, despite bad weather, as it headed toward New 1 I , Eight more vessels joined the Guinea to reinforce Japanese troops at Lae, and although the I enemy colum? yester~ay afte:nooi:i, communique declared that all the ships 0 are sunk or sinking" , th e communique said, makmg it it did not divide the losses. ' ~~=r ofdi:,:t~oesJ ~~we::i~lg cot~~~~: A spokesman at headquarters estimated that possibly sev• to the New Guinea land battleera! thousand Japanese naval personnel died in the wreckage front. of tl\e convoy, in addition to the 15,000 troops aboard, as the "The battle of the Bismarck sea now has been decided,'1 the comAllied planes hurled down more than 100 tons of bombs upon munique said. the ships. ''We have achieved a victory ''MAJOR DISASTER" FOR JAPS ot such completeness as to as- 1 or the Japanese to send out aerial >rotection for the convoy. In a pre-dawn raid, the commu• ;i.ique said, attack units bombed the ~e airdrome from low level, and 'ighter-bombers returned during ~he day~ith strong ~scort to dive.. bomb and strafe the field. Seven enemy fighters were declared downed in air battles. The Allied aerial fleet was active elsewhere, too, attacking 0 the re maining portion" of the town o Debo in the Aru islands. demolis ing buildings in that town whi has already suffered devastating tacks~ Raids also were made on :~a~~:~~i::a_~ upon Finschhaff Allied headquarters also announced that British Spitfires have joined the air war in the southwest 1 Paciflc, and that they have achieved notable successes. ''Enemy air coverage became 1 A spokesman at 4,llied headquarweake1· and weaker; his forces ters said some of the convoy might [more scattered and dispersed; and have been able to reach Lae if the finally his remnants isolated and ships had not spent so much time bewildered were gradually anni~ on dispersal while under air attack. hilated by our successive air forWELL PREPARED mations as we sent them into com~ bat. He added that 1•our air losses were so l!IIDall because of the planes ALLIED LOSSES LIGHT and the pilots and the breaksplus thorough preparation." e/~n~-;~:::\wg~~=r~i~~~t°::::~!d The intention of the convoy was a number of others damaged but ' properly diagnosed, he continued, returned to base. and the Allied air force conditlone and prepared for the attack. "Our decisive success cannot 0 '.t'he convoy which had proceede !:~~stoo!a;:em;:!!;:~ froll)t Rabaul and other strong and tactical plans. points ill New Britain along- the "His campaign tor the time north coast of New Britain · wen through Vitiaz straits where th being at least is comp!etel7 first attacks were made, an dislocated." reached the Huon gulf in the La The convoy was attacked a• It Calamaua area before the final, scattered in a wide area oft smashing blows were dealt. Finschhafen, New Guinea, and The 55 enemy 'Planes shot do supposedly was bound for Lae, on in combat included 13 on Tuesday, the Huon gulf, now being slowly and 42 Wednesday. Of the total threatened by Allied ground force• 33 were confirmed as definitely de~ sume the proportions ot· a major coming up from the Papuan pe,.. stroyed, and the other 22 \';ere "We have achieved a victory of such completeness as to asdisaster to the enemy. ms ninsula. listed as probables, the headquarentire force was practj.cally de. convoy first was sighted 1The sume the proportions of a major disaster to the enemy,'' the ters spokesman said. The comstroyed. Monday afternoon but bad weathel' comn:rnnique declared, and tbe whole convoy "was practically munique listed all 55 as 1 'shot out •'His navy component consisted , preven~ im~te attack. Bl!_t destroyed." of combat." 0 of 22 vessels, comp~·ising 1~ trans- ~e~:fst~~:na::z~a~1ldrt~!i:~e~\ ~~: The triumph was believed by obJUtlcd headquarters estlm.ated J port~ and 10 warshtps-crmsers or olanes out Tuesday morning. In servers here to indicate a reduc•15,000 enemy grormd troops pon in any threat of immediate at,..; destrn_yers. . lhe initial attacks, despite the [ were aboard the transporte, (~his was an _mcl'ease upon bad weather, four cargo or transtack upon Australia, and a. con and these "have been sunk or earher repo1·ts which had placed :,ort ships were hit and sunk or siderable setback in the enemY, killed almost to a man." the convoy total at 4.) eft In a sinking condition. preparations "in readf oi:" All categories of A 11 i e d air which the Allied ('~ strength joined in lhe mighty aswarned March 1. sault that smash~ the convoy, Tht! battle was so e:,hitting ship after BlliP with bombs so many planes and oosed from low 41Utude. _ _ _ _ _ _ _._-,.hat observation ,_______ tetailed re o '~:: .~i?•::~:f:l~:;~l~: : ~!:i2 ~~1::~.::~ ~:.~.":.!.:gi~1! I I :!:~;~; l -----~-~-= l I �.1edA.1rmen 'ShOt theworks, tO :Bismarck !! ::~r:.:.o~ -;,~-~~~i:~a~:B-17~~~ri:v£ t~~!~::nlri::ifJr:~y ]:. h·1p Japs ·,n B·1sm ar·ck Sea v·1ctory ~::as!11i,~;er;. 1!;: r (Continued from Page 1) ~":k. which sought to stop th• ~ 5 bo~b!'!~~~r':i; ~ 1 ~~o~~d t~e h~ ~~~•::r~:1 0 JaXt .3 -1, · If-3- r:;~· carrying th~t I 1,000-pound bombs scored two hlts near misses on By MUBLIN SPENCER ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN AUSTRALIA (Saturday) (AP) Lieut.-Gen. George C. Kenney's Allied air force in the southwest Paciftc "shot the works" when it destroyed a Japanese convoy of 22 ships in the Bismarck sea, offlcial reports recounted today, Xhe reports of the bomber pilots who participated in the overwhelming victory were released at Gen. MacArthur's headquarters, 1 on a destroyer which stopped still showing the sul!ltained hitting with flames pouring from its decks. power throf{tl against the convoy, At 3:15 p. m., B-2.5's, thler particularly during the height of heavy machlneguns blazing, the battle Wednesday. strafed and bombed and scored 1 Between 10 a. m. and 3:05 p, m. four hits on a large transport Wednesday, at the peak of the which exploded, broke Into attack, the Allied planes hit the \ flames and apparently~ sank; convoy with everything they had, four hits on a destroyer which these reports said. caught fire; and hit a transport. a 5,000 to 6,000-ton merchantman which exploded and I burst into flames; one hit and two near misses on a burning destroyer; strafed other vessels and lifeboats; were attacked by 20 Japanese fighters and destroyed four and damaged one. The attacks continued until late in the evening and then resumed the next day. · ~!~: s!~:: The leader of the group reported a/~h: r::r°\~etti;!a~;: Following are other official re- th at vessels a nd personnel in th e of planes hit the Japs. Some of INTENSI~Y OF ACTION ;;~:Fi::~:}i~: ;~~i~: 00 ri;ts~ctf:~~ing the intensity of ;;.~ At 10:10 a. m. a heavy force of rounds of _50 caliber machinegun ~~:b~~~:r~!s oC::b~~g o!O~p::: bullets foun~ their _mark among chantman, one hit and two near ;_w:.:~n;n::pi:t~dwnai:~ misses on a destroyer which start- ber of p_38 Lightnings tackled ~~a;o n::::e~e; o:w~ :~iio-r:nd !i°e~~j from 15 to 20 Zeros and damaged chantman which caught ftre; one six of them. F t hit and three near misses on a At S:20 hip. m., thror resses transport, two hits and a near ! scored a t and t ee near miss on a 3,000-ton merchantman mistchses onl ba des trhoyer and . wa ed t urn; ree near which exploded, a near miss on misses on a 5,000-ton merchanta medium merchantman and two man which exploded. hits and two near misses on a The Fortresses, which . were merchantman. bombing from a . low altitude, At 10:20 a. m. a number of dropped low to strike four merBeaufighters joined the action and chantmen and five boats, then destrafed a transport and three mer- stroyed three of from 15 to 20 chantmen. At 11:15 a. m. B-25 Mitchells strafed lifeboats and liferafts which were appearing in the water, scored a hit on a 6,000 to 8,000-ton merchantman which was left in a sinking condition, enconuent eurted sixaczt,·eorno.s and knocked I Jax:~~~; -------------·I Where Allies Smashed Jap Convoy American and Australian air forces smashed at a Jap convoy headed for New Guinea and completely dcs.(~oy}'d 10 wanhips and 12 transports. Allied headquarters in Australla estimated more than 15,000 Jap troops perished ln the disaster, Four Allied planes were lost and 8Z enemy alreraft were shot out of the fight. O 0 01 JAP FIGHTERS BAN At 3 :03 p. m., A·20's moved into Allies ·Intend to Wipe Out Island (Bv United Pre11S.) Tokio radio has told the Japanese people that American and British troops intend to land In Japan and "wipe out completely the entire Japanese race," the federal communications commission had reported Friday. The commentator was identified as a Lt. Gen. Ishimura, a veteran of the Malayan campaign. "The enemy is now frantic in preparation and expansion of mili• tary strength, and in event they effect a landing in Japan," he i;aid, "they intend to wipe out complete11y the entire Japanese race." I NEW YORK (AP) - The Tokyo radio beamed a broadcast to the United States Saturday quoting Premier Hideki Tojo as saying: "Nineteen forty-three is the year in which the issue of the World war must be decided." \\' He was speaking to the Japanese )st.. diet in resf)onse to · a resolution 1 sherl!.., urging "that the strength of the pr funds, Wh nation's fighting power be inw '° ~ c r e a s e d . ~~~~e~Ji, New Guinea Climate .Lfllows · Almost Year Around Combat . Washington - (SS) - The apIn outline New Guinea I"esembies gcth;;- with- the ~ Bisma~ ~ proach of spring in the northern somewhat a gigantic lizard, look• Solomon islands, includes 70,000 ing westward, with its head al• square miles of mainland and 23,· hemisphere will have little effect most touching the equater. Its 300 square miles additional on the · on the importance of New Guinea shoulders are slightly hunched in islands. Its capital is Rabaul, on In the Pacitic warfare. New Guinea the direction of Japan. Ita tail, the New Britain, at present OCJilUp1edlies too close to the equator to ha'\te part called Papua, extends toward by the Japanese. Its population marked seasonal changes. It is the southeast, ridging up into the includes about 6,000 Caucasians summer there all the time. The Owen Stanley Mountains. Port and 500,000 natives. extreme northern point of the is• Moresby is on the south side, Buna Land at Many Places. land is just to the south of the on the north. From a strategical standpoint ,.equator, the southern extremity is It is a sparsely populated coun• New Guinea is both a menace and :'only 12 degrees south of it. try, with about as many persons in a protection to Australia. An in• The snow•capped mountains in the entire area as are now in the , erny can land forces at many New Guinea prevent the high tern.. District of Columbia. The popula- places along the unprotected peratures that one might expect tion is estimated to be less than northern coast line, but a mech· so near the center of the torrid a million, of whom only about lO,· anized army cannot cross over the zone. A high mountain. range ex• 000 are Europeans. The rest are high mountains and through the tends almost from end to end of mostly natives. Among them are jungles to the south side, except the island. It has many high some of the most primitive people on the P~uan end. The Japs tried I ~1eaks, several more than 15,000 in the world. thls, crofting from Buna to with• 'et high and two at least with Have Much Gold. in 40 miles of Port M.oresby, where .4 [;~~r~ort~h=~~ ~~s1:~ Agriculture and mining are the they ,vete repulsed. . "regions are the hottest parts of principal industries. Coconuts, ca• If the Japs had taken Port Mores• cao and coffee are the largest ag• , by they still could not easily have the country. They are covered ric~ltural exports. New Guinea 1invaded nearby Australia from with dense tropical jungle. On the f th th t b . higher lpountaln slopes and plateus furnishes a considerable portion o ere, as e grea arrier reef, the wcrld's supply of gold. Natives extending 1,200 miles along the the veg'etation is more like that of d th old fields Australian east coast almost from 1 JEurop-e and America. Above the are emp oye m e g · snow~ine at an elevation of 14 500 From Cape York penmsula, Aus- the New Guinea coast west of feet; littie or no vegetation exists. \ tralia, it is but a hundred 1:11Ies Morestly, would have been in the Except on the low coast lands and across the shallow Torres stra_1t to way. on the high mountains the temper- the southern coast of New Gumea, The value of Port Moresby and ature ranges from 72 to 92 degrees and about 300 miles northeasterly the eastern peninsula of New Fahrenheit' daily with very little to Moresby. From Moresby . to Guinea to the Japs would have . variation thro·ughout the year. Buna is approxi~ateJy 100 miles been that control of it, together - • by air, but considerably more by with control of New Britain and Largest Island m World. the circuitous route over and the Solomons, would have given New Guinea is the largest island through the Owen Stanley moun• them control of the northern Coral in the world, if Australia and tains. sea and permitted attacks to be Greenland are regarded as contiw New Guinea is cut up into three launched against the southeastern nents. It is approximately 1,500 political divisions. The western Australian coast, south of the great miles in len?th. In area it is near• half belongs to The Netherlands. barrier reef. ly three times the size of the The two eastern divisions are un~ For the united nations, Port British Isles. It contains an area der British control. The southern Moresby and Buna, together wJth about equal to that part of the part of it is Papua. The nortl.east- 1 the Solomons, are excellently loUnited States north of the Poto- erµ part and the neighboring is- cated as bases from which to bring mac and Ohio Rivers and east' .of lands are under Australian ~ - action to drive the Japs out of the Mississippi, not including date the SOUthom I'.l!olfic. Michigan and Wiscoj sin. It ls Papua has about 90,000 square • 20 per cent larger thah Texas. mlles of territory, with 2,500 Europeans and 275,QOO natives. Man• dated northeast New Guinea, to• :it~~:;:~ I Tojo Wants to Get It . ,t:; Over With This Year,/'' 0 ta~:e ~u8;:~:~s reports showed that individual ships were hit by ~ur bombers. 1 A spokesman discl~sed mean• while that American, Dutch, Australians and British all took part in the spectacular victory. They put the finishing touches to the destruction of the convoy Friday by sinking two battered destroyers and shooting down straggling Jap planes, bringing the score for the three.day battle to 12 transports and 10 warships sunk, 15,000 Japanese troops and several thou- · sand seamen killed and 82 enemy planes destroyed or badly damaged. From the New Guinea front, As• sociated Press War Correspondent Tom Yarbrough reported that American bombers and fighters. searching for remnants of the con-j voy in the Huon gulf Friday, found at least 10 square miles littered [ with wreckage and several hundred Japanese clinging to ''anything afloat." the attack and scored two hits on destroyers with medium bombs. / See BISMARCK-Page 8 1 3-11-¥-3 IwJ;~s'f~1ap;;nes; l~:mo:,~~t~~~n~:;1:n~~:t~~:\i:: fuel and reload with bombs, then �l EXTRA THE MUSKEGON CB __J Eighty-Sixth Year I Muskegon, Michigan, Monday, July 26, 1943 ASSOCIATED PRESS I ( ) . In Happier Days l\Allies Strike By Air With Pent-Up Fury 11 BrokenMussoliniGoeslntoShadows IIShattering Blow Handed Enemyi By Crisis in Italy German and Italian Industries Bombed; Foe Clings to Bare Corner of Sicily. Badoglio, Fascist Foe, Appointed Prime Min~ ister; Says War Continues and Calls Upon Italians to Rally Around King; but Opening Rome Peace Move Seen. Bl· GAYLE TALBOT Associated Press \\Tar Editor The downfall of the pompous, strutting former newspaper editor who for 21 years has been master of a nation came on an explosive week·end during which the Italian mainland shuddered to the impact By 'RUSSELL LANDSTROM of Allied bombings and Axis troops clung to a bare corner of Sicily under the hammering of American, British and Canadian forces. From the west, at the sc1me time, the great Allied aerial fleet was renewing its onslaught against the Germany of Adolf Hitler, the man who led Mussolini into the war and lo political death. Striking with pent•up fury after a period of poor flying weather, u,e RAF hit the great German shipping and submi:trine buUding center of Hambrg with 2,600 tons of bombs Saturday night - the heaviest raid in history and j I ~'esterday American flying for~ I tresses followed up with da:ylight r1ttacks both on Hambur:--· and on I London, Monday, July 26-(AP)-Benito Mussolini's 21 year~ of Italian dictatorship and international bullying ended sensaa tionally last night when King Victor Emmanue]e deposed him and installed Marshal Pietro Badoglio as head of a military government "to stand against those who have wounded the sacred soil of Italy." A royal proclamation announced Vittorio Emmanucle had assumed supreme command of all . . . Italian forces. It was preceded 1ly deter~orated s1i:ice he led his th by an announcement that the ~~u~i:6. into war m e summer King had accepted the "resig- Bactoglio, long out of favor with nation" of the man whom the Fascists, had been reported a Prime Minister Churchill term• likely successor t? Mussolini once ed Adolf Hitler's "tattered ::ce~ountry decided to sue for lackey." However, crushing Axis defeats in Sicily and swiftly rising Allied threats to the Italian mainland supported the belief. that ''Musso~ lini actually was dismissed by the The Jittle King and Badoglio took over Italy's destinies at & fateful moment. Naples, Leghorn, Rome, San Grnvanni, and other Italian cities are heavily damaged by Allied h.mg,. bombers. The people are war .. T~e 71•year~old Badoglio, called weary and hungry. out" of retirement to become the lta1ian morale is at a new Jow sai• r: - �II Duc.e Onl y 12~ 1 t o "'Rf'lur u wep t A way W •th I 12 of the 700 hom bers failp f'd .to. re~~rn to England, . a loss _f so ms1gmf1cant by comparison to those incurred in previous mas,; War That Seemed Sure was as good as o,·er. Mussolini raids OYer the Reich as to sug~est . . looked smart.. tllat G~rn,,.any's defense aga1~st Gambl e for Mussolini I Tragic for Ita ly the All1cs sledgehammer aerial . f By contrast, ,the realities pro,·ed blow~ y:as weakened out of all reB eCOffieS T raglC Of great and tragw. for Italy. cogmt10n. . . . p 1 Far fro~ ol~ta1mng any of her I It was all OYer 111 w:stern S1 ~1a 1an eop e. coveted obJecti\es, Italy s?on be- ly exce~t for the co~ntmg of pr:s, came shackled m the Mcd1terran- oners. Yesterday .f1:lhed headquartBy_ CARL C. CRA~.:'IIER i ean more sec~rely than ever, her ers took a breathing spell to an.Associated Press Cable Staff n:~t not daring- to come out. of nounce only the _fall of T~apam, "Now the die is cast, and our Ih.iding for months after ~he first Ilast of three maJor. ports m th e will has burned our ships be- · dt:_a~trous encounters with the weste.rn ,end of Lh~ i5 la nd , to th e hind us:" IButish. . . fast-moving Amen can 7th army '---.._Tt was June 10, 1940, an_d Pre- " Her empire was,, to r n 1_nto . of Lieut. Gen. George S. Patton, m~r Benito . Mussolini of It3ly, s~r_eds a nd ta.tters • ~s Pnme I' Jr. . . chiJ\ outthrust and fists resting ~1"imster <".::hurchill pron:iised. ItalDispatches from A~s0?1ated on ips in characteristic trucu- i ian. Somaltland. and Ent_rea ~vere Press correspondents ~nd1cated Jent ose, was announcing the soon ~oi:ie, Haile Sela_ssl~, who1:1 \~a.t American forces rushrn~ down famou 1 'stab in the back"-Italy's ~1:ussohm on~e could m~mlC. n:oc~- Stclly's northern coastal highwa y entranc into the second World mgl_Y took his throne ll1 EthIOpia hB:d reached . a point within 55 War in ,what appear ed to be the , agam on ~ay 5.. 194~. The ge~s miles of Messma, only escape port dying h~rs of France. Ill of ~he . empire, Cirena1ca and Tri- Lo the Italian mainland now re. w r polltama, eventually followed. Far maining open to Axis troops. The Never d\d a d g~rr;_b~e tfn t at from being a bright. new jewel British Eighth army battling fo r 0 ~1e~\! dsi uebe~:n J~hemdo~~m.._::rsd 1in the empire's crown, Tunisia be- Catania on. the E~;t c~ast, also . f It ,· f . h. h 1Came the dust~ dead -end of a l was approximately 55 miles from s_p1ra 1 o . , a 1.\ s _ortu_ne; ."'' ic long retreat which in its entirety Messina. '1tesul l~edhm\ lll1e ctAll1.ect 'smals,ont of spelled the greatest Italian ctefeal Bombers of lhc Allied North a Ys ome an rn ic1 Y wo · c • d r.; I · . • short weeks ago and the swift · smce aporetta m \Vorl \ ar · Af_ric8:n comman_d. main~amed the~r crash of MLt;solini's personal caUnprepared, war -weary, badly cnpphng offens1\e agamst Italy s reer \ \ led, Italy proved herself far from air and rail arteries. Unescorted Tl~e appointfr ~nt. of the career dynamic in big league war. Though flying fortresses winged 1,500 army officer M~t ' hal Pietro Bado Mussolini had boasted of 8,000,· miles roundt.rip on Saturday lo , ·;, · ·. · • glio as the ltalia:1 Premier ap- 000 bayonets, he was unable to explode an ammumt10n tran and par~ntly means thll,. the Fascist mobilize an army anything like pulverize crowded freight yards at party in Italy has'° been swept that number of troops when it Bologna in Northern Italy.. away along with It D\ 'ce came to the showdown. Bologna an inland o1 ty 90 Mussolini went out }es~ than a - ----miles northeast of the nav3.J base week after 'Rome was ~,mbcd on Iat La Spezia, had not previously Monday. i been bombed by the North African force An official announcement , _Confide n t a nd Sul ~ . . said lhat a "lar e ro ortion" of Conf!dent and_ sure, I'ij_-·ussolim Irolling stock in gth? ciiy•s crowdtold his people m 1940 tl .1.t "v:1e cd ra"ilway yards was destroyed. are descending to bat\ ~fields . - -. against the plutocratic re\ ction- By THE ASSOCIATE D r Rk.ss Other Alhed bombers )ashed ary democracies." ' . . .? (Southern Italy, con~entrating on ;; ,.,. . Wha_t becomes ?f M~ssolm1 . railroad yards, repair shops and f 1ghters of land, sea and air, The1 e was nothing from Rome airdromes and smashing at the blackshirts. of the revolution and last (S~i:1) night to in~icate what source any attempt by the Axis of the legions, me1: and women fate awaits the bulgy dictator who to move any considerable reinof_ Italy, of the em~1re ':'-nd the rose ~o SL_Ipre~e power by the cas- lorcements or supplies to its corKingdom. of _Albama,. listen. he tor 011 his adJ~tants. ~orced do:Yn nered army in Sicily. Photographs declared m his theatrical manner. the throats of his poilllcal enemies. showed many Itali an rail yards But one order - "Conquer" It aMounced merely that in complete ruin. he shouted with a sweepmg ges- the little Hallan Kmg had accepted RAF lancasters, flying back to ture. Mussolini's resignation. There ap- England from North Africa, The French b·eaten, were aban- parently were no words from Mus- pounded Leghorn in the northwest omng Pans that day "Nice, Sa- solm1 m farewell to,,those who fo~ Italian coast Axis E u1ope almost , oy, Corsica, Tun1s1a," Fascist 21 years shouted Duce, Duce, literally was bemg criss-crossed mobs had clam01ed whene he appeared, arms akimbo, bJ' the great Allied bombmg fleet. It looked as though Mussolm1 on his famous balcony ! Begmnmg w ith Saturday's dn.ymight easily wm what he had There was no reason to believe light raid by Amer Lean flying demanded he was m custody, though he and fortresses on the Germans' big He stood at the top of his ca- Marshal Pietro Badoglto, Italy's submarine and naval base at reer He had bluffed his way new "St_rong Man," long have been Trondheim m the far nor.th of through and won Eth10p1a m 19~5- unfnenoly. Badogl10 scored Mus- Norway, through that mght s and 36 in spite of the British Emp1_re solini from the start of his career. yesterday's attacks on Ha.mburg a n d the 52 n_ations ,~ho had imShould h e decide to flee Italy, and Ki~ l, .the renewed aenal atposed economic sanct10ns. the fallen dictator was handy to tac~ w1th111 24 hours gave. the Th~ough 1935 to 1939 he ha.d the neutral soil of Switzerland. It Axis ~ foretaste of . what ~s to s~emmgly duped French and. Bn- was either that, or appeal to his come in the long w!nter mghts. tish .st~_tesmen. and the non-mter- friend Adolf Hitler for sanctuary F ly 1,8 ~0 ) Ides . . vention cornm1t~ee,. poured_ men, in Germany, . F.orlresses ~vh1ch participated planes and supp1es mto Spam and ---~--m the destructive attack on TrondSf'f'n his man win in a bitter heim fle:v round trip about 1,800 ch·il war. miles, mostly O\'er \\'ater, the \:Vith ease he had annexed Allongest flight yet mafle by Amerbania to the Italian crown in d lican bombers in the European 1939. theater. Another formation flew For 18 years Mussolini's strong rnme 1,200 miles round trip to arm Fascisti had cowed all op- -I wreck a Nazi aluminum factory position. As a re$ult of his sueLondon, July 25-UP> The at Heroya, Norway. Only one cesses, he was at the peak of his great Russian counteroffensive fortress failed to return to Eng',(?pularity_. . _ b~tter.ing upon O~el from three land, and it . landed in neutral o Italians Mussol1111 looked d1rect1ons engulfed 30 more pop- Sweden to be mterned. a winner. The objective, he ulated places and swept forward Describing the record raid on them, was to "break the 2 1·:l to 5 1 '2 miles today, Moscow Hamburg, the British air miniss that strangle us in the announced in a special communi- try said ''it see4ttis to have swamped ierranean." It looked as que, and complete encirclement and scattered ground defenses. 1 Fascism was as dynamic of the great Nazi base appeared There were vast fires, black smoke s..solin i said - that the war only a matt er o! time. rose fo ur miles in to the air a nd I It 1' I I Mus Im'1'' s Fate I I so s Not Ind'1cated · . ~!, was R ,l s A • USS an Frm1es weep orwar •rr h~nnu-es:-4" ___ ceSSeS~~til": M~gh ty Alli ed war fleets roaring ian divisions are surrend7ring, and over\ Italy, increasing defections the civilians are welcomm~ AlliE:d in the Fascist party ranks, ru- troops in unprecedented friendship mored disagreements between demonstrations. Mussolini: and Hitler, and reports Sicilians and Italian soldiers of vtolence and sweeping arrests have been profuse in condemning preceded the announcement. the dictator Mussolini and their World -wide repercussions, espe- German Allies. cially among the German and The number of German troops Japanese AHies, were expected. in Italy is not known. Their pres .. Badoglio signed a proclamation ence long has been a factor in saying the King, who assumed su- consi.deration of any Italian suit preme command of all Italian for a separate peace. But there armies, had given him ''full pow- have been recent reports that Hit ers" to a_ct at a tune when on- ler does not intend to waste too rushing. Allied armies were sweep- many troops trying to defend Italy. ing across Sicily toward the ItalNo matter what course Italy's ian mamland. new leaders take in the war the 11 Duce's fall, ~ith the shad_ow departure of Mussolini is a presof def~at and disaster . hang.mg tige blow to the A.xis throughout . over his country, was w1d~ly re- the world, particularly in the Bal• • ga~ded here as a ~rack m the kans where both Italian and Gersolid front of the Axis. man occupation troops have been Mussolini's r _e signation-probably unable in two years to crush orforced u~n him-after_ more than ganized military resistance. a ' score ' of years of iron-handed Fasci. st Regime in R uins rule probably means the death of " . . . the Fascist party he headed. . Mussolm1 has cr~shed ~nd with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ By THE ASSOCIATED PRF..8.S Signiticantly, the Rome r~dio ~;~ ~~e i;:~\~~~sc~~:g~~er~~s.~ 1 --which broadcast the proclamat10ns . . . ' . Minister Churchill had offered the German propagandists apparent~ b the King and Badoglio did not on;; official London .source. said. ' Ot ·,·ta!ian people an honorable peace ly were stunned last (Sunday) s(gn off with the usual , Fascist lt seems therelo1eththaAt !talydi ,_ · ht b D' tator Mussolini's days as a member of e xis an With n O r Let ..and a respectable place. in the ~~'t,nfall {n It~fy and they grop- p.a rty anthem, Giovin_ezza. It consequently as a fJg'hting partner ,Europe of the future If they . • . played only the royahst hymn. at Germany's side are numbered b y l' would only dismiss their discred- ed for a me~ns of presertml t~e The broadcasts were recorded by ''No other construction of th~ . ited duce. r~ews to th ~1r ownl pe~~ e. En {, s The Associat~d Press. astonishing sequence of event s is Italv unable to defeat the f1r st tentative exp ana ion er m This sensational turn in Italy's possible" ., • . . blamed II Duce's "health.'' · · . . . - -Gr eeks herself defeated m Afnca N ·1 r h ft R fortunes was a shattering blow to The amazing rapidity with By RICHARD G. )IASSOCK bv the' British her divisions su r dot unti 1.v~ furs a er om~ the Axis partners, Germany and which the Allied troops conquered l?ormer Ch ief of the Associated r;ndering pie'cerneal in Sicil y ;~ ~ tte orifna anntoll:nc~men Japan. all of Africa toppled Pantelleria Press Bureau in Ro m e) mu st be aware that she lacks th~ i er m rad 10 repea it m an There was speculation that Adolf Lampedusa 'and other Mediter~ Washington, ~uly 25-UP) _-Italy military power to resist the Al - f:%fcS:i~nbr;:t c~~~t T~~!e ie~~~~ ~itler might mar~~ rerm~n tro~p~ ranean isla~ds, and then sw~rmed sho we d the fl~St crack U1 th e Ues successfully. homeland had been told lJ1tO. war-we~ryn 1t w t~\ a over Sicily these all contributed dam of her resistance to the ~lVVhat is likely then is a token Transocean Ge rman· News dogl10 warne ta f a iar:i:h ;. an_?' to Mussolini's downfall. lies today and the Army, with . . • ' ' · • . . attempt to 111 er ere Wl IS oronce the northeastern tip of a display of defiance, made . a r~s1stance, smc~ the Army, t y~i- Agency,, quoted_the Italian Stef~m ders would be crushed. Sicily is cleaned up the Italian desperate mo\'e to buttress the l f!cd by Badogho, could ~ot, Wl~h- Agency as saying ~h~,t .~he ~mg Kome's. announcement began: mamland will be only two miles wa r effort. !1onor, . let the c_ountry o~n . y ha~ accepted Musso.Jim s offer to ''The Kmg-Emperor has accepted from the Italian mainland, and . , . . . . _ t~ mediately foldmg up. This 1 e- resign and a ppomted Marshal the resignation as head of the Sicil itself will serve as a huge B~n1to Nlu~soli~i. in a tacit .con s1stance may be expected to last Badoglio as the new Premier, government, prime minister, and . y t h . . . g ltal• fession of his .failure as a dicta• as long as Italian resources in - -- - - -secretary of state, submitted by ~ir base o smas iemam~n tor , stepped_ as1d_e, apparently_ de• 1arms and men hold out. That may l11s excellency Caveliere Benito ian . strength should Ital) choose ,;:crted by Jus fair-weather friend be only a matter of months or t d to fight on. A.dolf Hitler.. . ' even weeks. ' ~~~ 01~~ 1 • t;;ct g~~~~n~fit~ M~rsJ:rnH ~i~tro Ba~oglio, a no1:- T he Allies will insist on uncon• mmister, and secretary of state, fascist m spint, embittered by his ditio nal surrender. That means his excellency Caveliere Pietro treatment at the hands. ~f the llhe Italians must accept the Al~ Badoglio marshal of Ualy." former sergeant, 1v.1ussolm1., too lied terms, without posing any ___ D ismissed b y n D uce command o.l a military govern- cond itions of their own. Superior, Wis., July 26.- (SpeBadoglio, the 71-year-old new ment, 11:1plymg an end to the rule _ ______ cial) - The $1,700,000 u. s. s. Mus- premier, had been dismissed as _ __ of F~sc1sm. . . kegon- a 300-foot. frigate of 1,500 chief of staff by Mussolini Dec. 6, Two young people were instantly This may well be the ftrst step tons- was christened here Sunday 1940. k"ll d rl today when the auto alo'.1g t~~ rocky r~~d tov,,ard Italys as it slid down the ways _to cc1:rry He iss~ed a proclamation to - ~o~ileefn \vhich they were riding uncond1t10.nal. sun ender by . the the name of 1v!uskegon, Mich., 11:1to night tellmg ltahans: . left US-31 three miles north of Army, which IS what the Washingthe war agamst the submarine .. On orders of his MaJesty the M t d sh d •nto a tree ton and presumabJy the London menace in the Atlantic and Pa- King, I am taking over the mili- ~ne:J~~e~~- era e i • authorities desire. It lS a hopeful ciflc. ' tary government of the country Dale G Speid el 23 years old. sign, for the Allies want th e sur___ T.he Mus.Kegon hit the water at with full powers." o:C 604. E L udi~gton a venue. ien~er ~( a defeated army, so th at Allied Headquarters in the 12:58 p. m. (C. ~- T.) He called on 8:11 Italians to L udington·. no lesui gent Fasci st m th e future Southv,.·est Pacific, Monday, July ln an impressive ce r emony wit- ra!.1}~ around the .Kmg;, L ois 1\1. \ Vink.el, 18 yea rs old, m~y a_gam lead th ~ Italians t~ 26-..4>Allied bombers, attack- nessed by several thousand perI he "".ar c?ntu~ues, he add.ed. addr ess not immediately war with the asserti:,01.1 . th ~t th ~J ing Japanese posit.ions in the sons, a bottle of champagne w as '.fhe Kmg m his proclamah~>n learn ed. were undefeated milita rily m South west Paci.fie with ever in- broJ~en aga11:st the ship by ~rs. said f ta_ly, "by the valor of. its The accident occurred shortly W_orld War . II, as. !he. German ~ creasi ng inlens1t:y, yes~erd8.y de- David Hopkms, Muskegon's first a_rmed force~ an~ .the det7rm 1:1a- before 1 a. m. while Speidel and sald t~ey \\ ere milltanly u n d e livered t_he heaviest raids of th e Navy Gold Star_ mother of \Vorld hon of all its citizens, .~ill fmd Miss Winkel were enroUte south feated m World Wa_r ,I. war ~gamst two of the enemy s War S~e 1s t~e mother of a~8:m a way of ~ecovery. on us. 31. . Although Badoglio ~ procla'.11a- most important bases. ~omer David Hopkins, who lost lhese sensat10nal anno~nceInvesti ation of the crash was t1011 ':'Vas double-talk rn WashingMore than 200 American planes. his J1f~ when _the Japanese sunk ments, recorded by The _Assoc1a~ed made b gDe uties Sheriff Edward ton, 1t was taken to mean that swarmed over the key airbase at the U.S. S. Arizona at Pearl Har• Press, may be the opening Italian L , ... Yd JP Ch rr after it Italy would make a last des per• Munda, :Ke\~' Georgia, raining 186 bor. Jy!r. Hopkins and their <laugh - peace moyes. . ~ nnf_ a~ am~sd b e R~Jlie Merr 0 ate stand again st the American tons of bombs upon the Japanese ter , :t;UPn, were present. They came as Alhed_ troops_were ~a~ ~h.[et 1~ e Yh 1 Coroner and British in\'aders, but that the pinned within the airbase by Amer~ Th.e rity of Muskegon was rep- sweepmg acr?SS SICl!Y off the · ~le : marsl a· alled 0 war,. for th~ Italians, would go 1can troops who control the sur- resented Ill tlle ce~emony by City southern Italian . mainland, less ; mas oc. w~~ ~-1 cWinkel'!li 5 1 1 on only until they were force d , ro unding jung le. Manager Roy S. Winters, who pre- than week. after t.he 500-plane k lr coroner h ~ d : S ·ct I by circumstances, to surrender. At the same lime medium sented the vessel wit.h ~wo all - Amenca1: air attack on the Fa~- s. u v..;as crus :bl an k 11 r.fr p~~:e President Roosevelt and Prime bombers and long-range fighters wave _rad10s purchased with con- cist capital of ~ome, and amid die:. ot a r~ss.1 ~ s .;t_ sai~cMiss . m an ned by Australians, swept uP tribut1ons. reports 11:at w idespread pea~e an_ 10 erna. mJuries. e h·ch indithere were many rep orts of V lO• th e coast of New Britain for a . Among speakers on the launch- dem~nstra~1on~. had occurred 111 Wmkel hcarned a ca~ ; ~ of the 1 1 lent explosions." coordin ated dawn attack ~n the mg program as Walter ~utle:", Ita~y s 11;am cities. . . cated ~ e was manane PDetroit. T h e A German broadcast, purpoted- Gasmata airdrome The radio sta- head of the shipyards bearing his Standmg Long D et erioratm g For? ot O r co Y, d t 0 a ly from the center of Hamburg, tion was dest royed and grounded name, where the U. S. S. MuskeThe "resignation" o_f . th e bald, bodi:s were to e remove said at 8 a . m. yesterday: "Smoke aircraft, t he runway, supply dump gon was built. It was the third squat boastful Mu~olmi e nd ed. a Ludm.gton fun_eral home. b.l is so black ove rthe city that it areas and e nemy personnel "thor- e:scort type ;vessel built in the career that began. with the Fasc_ist ~fficers said the autom? 1 e is almost as dark as in the middle ou ghly strafed," the communique Supenor yards. The previous march_ on R ome m 192~. The _in- ~kid~ed 65 to 75 feet before ciash • of the mght. The extent of the from ·General D ouglas MacArthur's shJps were named for Gloucester, terna.t1on a~ _and domestic standmg ~ng mto the tree, It was dem ol damage cannol be • estimated yet,". h ea dquar t ers said. Mass., and Shreveport, La. of Mussolm1, h ow ever, has stead- 1shed. 111111111111 I • T0 ke n Res Is tance Likely Germans Stunned I TO Be M acl e by Ita1·,ans By II Duce Ouster I 0 . Badogho Could N HO Country Down Immediate Fold-up~ r Fr1gate • Muskegon Slides Down Ways .- · ~ri~! • TwO Are Killed Near Montague H eaVleSt . R al"dS I Of War Are Ma de Q J p •• n ap 0s1t1ons 1 1;. ~~ v: t �.JN 1933, Hitler was named German chancellor; Nazis gained power . HITLER CONFERRED with Mussolini whose legions established the Italian empire. Togethe1· they became Axis and began in 1939 conquest of Europe. ; ALLIED CHIEFTAINS met to map strategy, too. Like Hitld met Mussolini to make war for conquest, Roosevelt and Ch1.1rchill met to mak.e war for peace_. H~re is artist's concept ioipf the historic meeting of the President a.n~ prime minister, and Gen. Charles DeGaulle of Fighting French and Gen. Hef"1 Honore Giraud, high comm1ss1oner of :Freench North Africa, near Casablanca in French Morocco. PEACE-LOVING, his hobby is stamp collecting, not conquest of other lands. UP, cock,;; the President in 1939 long was silent on third term plans, NEW ORDER came to. Europe. Behind barbed wire in Norway hre the bare buts of Nazi prison camp which housed 300 prisonrs. They contracted typhus, so were shot. IN AFRICA, British and Aerican troops handed the Axis a major def,,at. These are ruined buildings along watermt of Tripoli. Terrific punishment was given by the R. A. F. to the city when stille]d by Axis. ,., DEADLY Roosevelt in 1942 called for sacrifice to bring vie~ tory in World War II. �/ - THE 1943. MONDAY, MAY 1111 o·· ,I) Jfl ·.:, : ( \, >Ill t :\, 'i N ·. '. ··R ...· i it> ;:'I),, 1\ \II L GRAND T;L; i .- On American Soil and in Foreign Fields - In the Air, at Sea, on Land From the Pearl Harbor Attack, Dec. 7, 1941, to Memorial Day, May 30, 1943 -11 Warmenho,•e.it, Lt. Col. Simon, 33, husband of Mrs. Henrietta (Mantlemaker) Warmenhovcn, 2446 Boule• :,__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___, vard-dr., S. W., and son of Mr. and Mrs. Paul C. Warmenhoven, Sun• ARMY. nyside, Wash. (southwest Pacific). Adsit, Pvt. Howard V., son of NAVY Mr. and Mrs. Leslie Adsit, now of Boynton, Raymou·d n., 19, seaLake Odessa (European area). Avery, Sgt. Walter (La.Faunce), man second class son of Mr and 24. son of Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Mrs. Matt s. BoYnton, 726 VriesAv..,,:y, 1410 Alpine-av., N. W. st., S. W. (Pearl Harbor). . (New Guinea). Brande1, Ens. Bemard B:, ~S, Bake'r, Sgt. Jacob L., 24, son of son of W. A. Brandel, 55 D1ckmMr. and Mrs. J. L. Baker, sr., son-st., S. w .. (Aleutian islands). F~a~cr, Rollin George, 25, boatGrand Rapids RFD No. 5 and .husband of Edna (Helder) Baker, swam s mate first cJass, son of 135 Fuller-av., S. E. (New Guinea). Mrs. Raoul Loranger, Ada (Guam). Fuller, Uaymond B., 21, seaman Baylis, Pfc. James, 21, son of Mrs. Victor J. Baylis, 1323 Hope- second class, son of Mrs. Lillian FuUcr, Grandville (Solomon isst.. S. E. (north Africa). Bostelaar, Pvt. Corncliu.s, 23, lands). George, EuJ,renc F'rank, 16, season of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Bostelaar, 1020 Hall-st., S. E. (norlh man second class, son of Mr. and Mrs. Harlow George, 129 PleasantAfrica). Brinks, Pfc. \Vi11arcJ H., 24, son sl.. S. E. (Solomon islands). Haveman, John Raymoncl, 23, of Mr. and Mrs. Willard H. Brinks, sr., 826 Thomas-st., S. E. (New yeoman, son of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Haveman, Grandville (Pacific). Guinea). Luyk, Dan~el, l.8, cook (subrnaBrown, Pfc Alman DeVere, 21, son of Mrs. Ellen (Katzer) See, rine), brother of Hubert and Peter formerly of 120 Fairbanks., N. E., Luyk, 5540 Division-av., S (at now of Kankakee, 111. (New sea). :McGraw, Carl Clinton, jr., 20, Guinea). Buckowing, Pfc. Robert, 25, son fireman second class, son of Mr. and Mrs. Carl C. McGraw, 139 o( Mr. and Mrs. Edward Buckowing, 567 Eleventh-st., N. w. (New Lexington•av., S. W. (southwest Guinea). Pacific). Bush, Sgt. Adrian, 23, son of Mr. Platschorre, Daniel P., 28, seaand Mrs. John Bush, 1313 North- man second class. son of Mr. and Pa u I Platschorre, 238 av., N. E., and husband of Clarissa Mrs. Anne (Parsons) Bush, 245 Lakc- Powell-st., S. E. (Pearl Harbor). Smith, Lawrence, 21, son of Mr. dr., S. E. (New Guinea). Cagle, Pvt. Connie, 22, son of and Mrs. Nathan Smith, Gralfd Mr. and Mrs. Willis Cagle, 618 Rapids RFD No. 4, Townline-rd. Fourth-st., N. W. (New Guinea). (Atlantic). Solomon, Roy Evans, 18, seaDeBoer, Cpl. Gerald \V., 23. son -0f Mr. and Mrs. William DeBoer, man second clas.s, son of Mr. and 927 Ninth-st., N. W., and husband Mrs. William Solomon, 26 Conklinof Beatrice (Lane) DeBoer, 2164 ter.. S. W, (At1antic). !8touten, James, 39, chief petty Division-av .. S. <New Guinea). , ficcr, brother of Mrs. Roy HudDeVries. Sgt. Sidney, 19, son df n, 2237 Stafford-av., S. W .. and Mr. and Mrs. Joseph DeVries, 1144 McReynolds-a\{ N. W. (New l Mrs. Mary Mate, 2019 Staffordav., S. w. (Pearl Harbor). Guinea). lllARINES. Folkertsma, agler, Pfc. Richard D., 11, son son of Mr. __ _.frs. Ruth A. Nagler 446 OakFolkertsma. Dr Boer, Tim Burt, 30, chief signalman, brother of Adrian DeBoer, 1542 Hamilton-av., N. W. (New York, N. Y.), Hall, Ens. Donald G., 23, brother of Mrs. Gerald Keegstra, 1211 Elliott-st., S. E., and husband of Jane (O1s?n) Hall, Benton Harbor (Buena Vista, Va.). :fi:~rc~::: ru 0 s~a~d !~' '!\~:-s:er::~~!~ Harkins, 110 Mack-av., N. E., and son of Mr. and Mrs. M. D. Harkins, Wetumka Okla (Narragansett pay, R.: b. · Rendall, Thomas E .. 33, chief machinisL's mate, son of Mrs. Ellen Rendall, 1739 Horton-av., S. E. (Pacific). Rettig, Robert E., 20, fireman second class, son o( Mr. and Mrs. Frank Rettig, 1'136 WaH,er-a,·., N. W. (Atlantic). Simpson, Ernest A., 28, naval aviaUon, son o( Mr. and Mrs. Oscar Simpson, 1242 Fourth-st., N. W. (Elizabeth City, N. C.). Stone, Lt. Cmdr. George P., 33, son of Mr. and Mrs. George L. Ston_e, 262 Bel-air-dr., N. E. (Cali• forma.), CANADIAN FORCES. Bartnick, Sgt. Vctc Chester, 23, son of Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Bartnick, 539 Lincoln-av., N. W. (Eng• land). I I Missin o- in Action !...----------"" ARMY. Barrett, Lt. Raymond E., 24, son of Mr. and Mrs. George Barrett of Florida and husband of Mrs. Ellen Barrett, 248 James-ac., S. E. (Phil· ippines). Betts, Pvt. Carl J., 26, son of Mrs. Mary Betts. 1818 Division-av., S., and husband of Mrs. Carl J. Betts, Louisville, Ky. (north Africa). Dise, Lt. Henry A., 22, son of Mr. and Mrs. Henry A. Dise. sr., 2719 Byron Center-rd., S. W. (north Africa). Fields, Tech. Sgt. Harley W., 20, so~ ,ofJ,l,lit,:!!:1.d !':)'.~Her~r~ PRE 3S Rose, Staff Sgt. Theron, 28, son 42, brother of Mrs. E. w. Chapof Mr. and Mrs. J. P. Rose, 1920 man, 420 Storrs-st., S. E., and4m~... Walker-rd., N. W. (New Guinea). band of Mildred (Wing) Osborne, Roskamp, P\-·t. Lloyd J., 21, son Richland (Philippines-Japan). of Mr. and Mrs. Peter Roskamp, Pfenning, Tech. Sgt. Elmer E., 24, 1306 Taylor-av., N. (New Guinea). son of Mrs. Clara Acken, 3618 Schondclmayer, Cpl. Bemar<l C., Heron•av., S. W. (Philippines2·1, son of Mr. and Mrs. Corna Japan>. Scllondelmayer, 247 Dickinson-st., Potyraj, Cpl. Frank C,, son of Mr. and Mrs. John Potyra,i, 320 Lane- 11 S. E. (New Guinea). :Simmons, Sgt. Arthur, 22, son of av., S. W. (Philippines-Japan). Mrs. Armina Simmons, 501 Paris- Szymko, Sgt. Roman A., 34, son a,·., S. E., and husband of Mrs. of Mr. amt Mrs. Martin Szymko, Helen (Merryman) Simmons, 509 746 Broadway-av., N. W. (north Africa-Germany). Coit-av., N. E. <New Guinea.) Soltysiak, Sgt. VJncent ff., 26, son Thomas, Lt. Edward E., son of Mrs. Olive Phillips, 232 Jeffersonof Mrs. L. Soltysial{, 1018 Davis• av., S. E. (Philippines-Japan). av., N. W. (New Guinea). VanDuincn, Cpl. Cornelius, 25, Stegenga, Pfc. Donald G., 24, son son of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Van of Mr. and Mrs. Allie Stegenga, Duinen, 1118 Eastern-av., S. E. 1441 Lee-st., s. W. (New Guinea). (north Africa-Germany). Stoddard, Pfc. Francis J., sOn of Vanoosten, l\laj. A. J., son of Mr. Mr. and Mrs. R. W. Stoddard, 1661 and Mrs. D. C. Vanoosten, 1122 Madison-av., S. W. (New Guinea). Baldwin-st., s. E. (PhilippinesSturgis, Cpl. Richard W., 22, son Japan). . of l\-Ir. and Mrs. Stanley Sturgis, 8 Versluis, P\'t. Jack G.• 24, son of Gold-av., S. W. (norlh Africa). Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Versluis, 57 Sullh·an, Sgt. Grant, 19, son of Auburn-av., S. E. (PhilippinesMrs. Gladys Plitc, 30 Lyon-st., N. Japan). E. (New Guinea). Wheeler, Pvt. Ernest E., 22, son Thompson, Pvt. Russett, son of of Mr. and Mrs. Ernest E. Wheel• Mr. and Mrs. Clifford Thompson, er, 5050 Clark-dr., Comstock Park Grandville (Australia). (Philippines-Japan). Thorpe, Sgt. Gordon A., 21, son Ziombkowski, Pvt. Tony, 22. son of Mrs. Esther J. Thorpe, 627 At- of Joseph Ziombkowski, 1047½ wood•st., N. E. (north Africa). Park-st., S, W. (Italy). Tibbets, Pvt. Donald, Sl, son of NAVY. Mrs. Katherine Tibbets, 621 East- Boer's ma, Sidney H., 35, chief ern-av., N. E. (north Africa). petty officer. son of Henry BoersTichelaar, Pfc. Louis, 24, son of ma, 1115 Tamaraek•av., N. W. Mr. and Mrs. Hans Tichelaar, Ada (Japan). RFD No. 1 (New Guinea). Bosch, Ralph, 32, ship's cook first Vorenkamp, Cpl. Don J., 23, son class, son of Mrs. John VogeJ, 1316 of Mr. and Mrs. Albert Vorenkamp, Tamarack-av., N. W .. and husband 561 Shamrock-st., S, W. (New of Marie Bosch. Los Angeles (PhilGuinea>. ippines-Japan). \Vegcncr. Cpl. Gustave ]{ .. 25, son Cook, \\'alt<'r J., 30, aerographer, of Mr. and Mrs. Fred Wf'gencr, son of Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Cook, 568 Cass-av., S. E. (New Guinea). Cascade-rd., and husband of Mrs. Weibenga, Cpl. Marvin J., fiance Dorothy (Green) Cook', Washingof Dorothy Way, 2124 Eastern-av. 1 ton, D. C. (Wake island-Japan). N. E. (New Guinea). Grant, Marion DeWitt, 31, chief \Vendlandt, Staff Sgt. Herbert, boatswain's mate, husband of Mrs. 26, son of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Alice Anne Grant, 730 Second-st., Wendlandt, Comstock Park RFD N. W. (Philippines-Japan). No. 1 (New Guinea). Rider, Russell Dale, 27, chief yea .. White, Cpl. Jack L., 24, son of man, son of Mrs. Elton V. ShanMr. and Mrs. Charles E. While. 120 non, 1012 Evergreen-st., S. E., and Lamoureaux-st., Comstock Park R. D. Rider, Belleville, Mich. (Philippines-Japan). (New Guinea). Wilbert, Cpl. Herman. son of Mr. !1 II and Mrs. Henry Wilbert, 412 Interned Fifth-st.,N. W. <New Giunea.l Wildey, Capt. Russell J., 32, hus- I' 11 1 band of Mrs. Gilleyn Wildey, 1260 ARMY. Flora~st., N. W. (New Guinea). Meyers, Staff Sgt. Wallace W., 21, Witkowski, Cpl. Charles E., 20, son of Mrs. Reah M. Meyers, 322 son of Mr. and Mrs. Hugo Wit- Spencer-st., N. E. (Spanish Mokowski, 1424 Hamilton-av., N. W. rocco>. (New Guinea). 1.-------------.11 Yonkman, Capt. Robert J., 27, son • of Mr. and Mrs. George Yonkman, Merchant Marine ;;:af.inecrest-av., S. E. (European Grand Rapids Casualties in the Second World War Died in Action RAPIDS r- 1036 While-av., N. W. (New Guinea). Burns, Cpl. Ned, son of Mr. and Mrs. Robert H. Burns, 353 Collegeav., S. E. (Solomons). Carlson, Cpl. Frank J.. 28, son of Mr. and Mrs. Fred Carlson, 609 McKendrick-st., s. W. (New Guinea). Carowitz, Pfc. Anthony G., son of Mr. and Mrs. Ben Carowitz, 434 Harlan-av., N. E. (New Guinea). Cole, Lt. Albert, 23, son of Mr. and Mrs. Claude C. Cole, Cascade RFD No. 3 (southwest Pacific). Croff, Pvt. Clyde J., 24, son of Mr. and Mrs. George Croff, 236 Himes-SL, S. E., and husband of Cora ~Giles). Croff <north,Africa). CzaJkowsk1, Pvt. Bernard T., 2.1, son of Mrs. Lucille Czajkowski, 242 Grand~av., N. E. (New Guinea). Davis, Pvt. Ray \V., 19, son of Mr. and Mrs. Ray C. Davis, 3262 Riverview-av., North Park (New Guinea). DeArmond, Sgt. James A., son of Mr. and Mrs. Elroy DeArmond, 102 Pennell-rd., S. E. (New Guinea). DenBraber, Sgt. James, 25, son of Mr. and Mrs. Marlin DenBraber, 223 Mt. Vernon-av., N. W, (New Guinea). DeVries, Sgt. Gerrit, 28, son of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph DeVries, 1144 McReynolds-av., N. W. (New Guinea). DeVries, Sgt. l\Iilton ff., 24, son of Mr. and Mrs. Homer DeVrics, 2055 Beals-rd., S. W.(New Guinea). Earlywine, Pvt. Clare R., 18, son of Mr. and Mrs. Louis, Earlywine, 904 Arianna-st., N. W. (New Guinea). Evans, Sgt. Ray L .. 21, brother of Mrs. Alice West, 1101 Madison-av., S. E. (New Guinea). Forcht, Pfc. George E., 2'7, son of Zilin, Pvt. Brod.I J., son of Mr. Borgman, Hubert, 18, son of Mr. Mr. and Mrs. George L. Forcht, 1016 Kensington-av., S. W. (Guad- and Mrs. Charles Zilins1'i, 313 and Mrs. William Borgman, 1306 Leonard-st., N. W. (New Guinea). Butler-av., S. E. (missing at sea). alcanal). Fortier, Sgt. Jruward, son of Mr. Zimmerman, Pvt. Edward,~ !..1 · ouse, ~aul, 20, radioman, son n of Mr. and Mrs. Leon Zi~,io., • I. Cargill, 1226 Jefferand 1\trs. EdWfl'.rd Fortier, 500 an, 752 Sixth-st., N. W. ,;..2_"1~0b. IJ • (killed jn action at Jtllia. -st., N. E. Guin.ea). umea>. ..--... _.......,. · lib_ Foster, ):.,t. Edg M., 22, son of MMrs. Ed B-~ter, 3425 1 ,.- 1------------.....IIV (iw i �_ . • ---•--'. , ...,.,.. n.,v- rt, 20, son or o_r·_Mrs. Ethel Gal1ur, 359~2 ·nivischmidt, Jamesl<'.lf'_f-lttl\vnsi'tip, and ~Brien, Pvt. Edward 1\1., 18, son Mr.l_and iyrrs. Henry Haapanen, s1oi:-av., s. (Nev! Guinea). Ra Foote, 191:t Division-av., S. of 'irrs. Amv O'Brien, Detroit 507 ,~ lama-av., N. W. (New Gilson, Sgt. ~,,-n J.,_ 18, s~>n of (N!w Guinea). (south PacifiC>. Guinea). Mrs. Mae G. Gi_I~on, 9.J3 Ionia-av., Fr r. Pfc. Kenneth L., 24. son COAST GUARD. Huartson, Pvt. Russell, 28, son of S. W. (New Gu~nea). a )' • F , 2 Field-ct •• . . , Mr. and Mrs. James Huartson, 1514 Glass, Pvt. Cla,r E., 20, son of Mr. of Mrs. Jessie . rarJ, ·• Cronce, Paul R., ,...,. machimSls Forrest-av., N. E. (Philippines>. and Mrs. John W. Glass, 243 Tra• N. E. <New Guinea). male second class. son of Mrs. Kinsey Lt Joi H 25 son f vis-st N E {New Guinea) t 8 t 5 348 Fuller, S ftff ~~-e S ~;hi~:) ~~t George Prc t1er, Carlton-av., Mr. and '1v1rs~ J. ~~ Ki~sey: sr., 4f3 Gol;mhie\l:ski, Sgt. Ted, 2o, son nd ba of Mr',i_ 11Atd. Y Te. {New S. E. (at sea). Pleasant-st., s. E. (over North sea). of Mr. anq Mrs. Stanley G. Golem1~'. San onto, x. CANADIAN..-FORCES. Lippert, Lt. Rexford \V,, 24, son biewski, 7~7 Lake Michigan-ctr., N. Gum.ea). p t J hn J b the of Floyd, p,,t. Walter L., 37, son of Mr. and Mrs. William Lippert, \V. (New Guinea). St~;1:d, C.v Goo~, 18 ·Na~~nal~av., of Ch~rles F. Flo.yd, 1042 Lafay- 556 Grand-av., N. E. (European Hantleman, Cavt. Harold ~-, 205 Y nd W I C G00 d 13 r ette-a,., S. E. (Dieppe). area). Lafayette-av., N. E. (New Guinea). N. W., a a ter · ''<Nei McConnell, Pvt. Gordon 1\1., 26, Hartman, Sgt. Robert, 23, son of Broadway-av., N. W. son of Mr. and Mrs. G. L. McCon- Mr. and Mrs. Spencer A. Hartman, Gumea).rd Ed . B Died lll Service nell. Coit-rd. (Philippines). 32 Shelby-st., S. W. (New Guinea). 20 Haywa , Ct>~ M w•~ :' w' Orlowski, \Villiam, 35, tank corps Hazekamp, Pfc. James E., 20, son son of Mf. an rs. ermre · mechanic brother of William Or- of Mrs. Julia Hazekamp 1161 AtHayward, 2_6~5 Alpine-av., N. W. ARMY. lowski, 930 Powers-av., N. W. lantic-st., N. W., and J~hn Haze{south _Pacific). . ., 6 Arnolcl, Pvt. Charles, 27, son of Three other brothers and four sis- kamp, Detroit (Guadalcanal). nd s He rick , Pfc. Gilbert, nd ,. , i ~~~ Mrs. Mary Ro\van, ~27 Bart~ett-st., ters also live here. (North Africa.) Higley, Sgt. Frederick C., 26, son of Mr. and Mrs. Peter :e rJe,~ S. W., and husband_ o: La visa ArPutt, Sgt. John, 18, son of Mr. of Mr. and Mrs. Henry G. Higley, 21 61 3 nd 6_ Carlton-av., S. · ( nold, _ McKe rich.-av., S. W. and Mrs. Joe Putt, 3456 Plainfield- 1138 Kalamazoo-av., S. E. (north Gumea). . ,, ,· J.) . av., N. E. (New Guinea). Africa). . . 22 on (Fort ~Ix,~Hcyboer, Lt. Ech,m R., ' 4s502 Bald"JJ1 , Cpl. Clare \V., 26 ,_ son of Sousley, CpJ. Robert, 19, son of Hughes, Sgt. ,~.r1Iham, brother of of Mrs. Agnes Heyboer, Mr . and Mrs. Roy S. Bal~wrn, 311 Floyd M. Sousley, 235 Maplewood- Mrs. Leo J. Dornbos, Charlotte, N. Clyde Park-av., S. andthJ~hi~ Beu~ah-st., S. ~- (Austr~ha\ st., S. E. (New Guinea). C., _formerly of Grand Rapids (New Hcyboer, Battle Creek (sou wes Bright, Lt. Fred V., Jr.,_ ,..O, son \Verner, Lt. George R .• 22, son of Gumea). Pacific). "' of Mr. and. Mrs. Fred V. Bright, sr., Mrs. Tenus Markos, Holland, Mich. Jacobs, Cpl. William J., 24, son of Holmes, Pvt. Harry D., .. 3, son of 7 Maple-st., S. E., (New Bedford, (middle eastern area). Mr. and Mrs. Theodore Jacobs, 759 \Vilkinson, Cpl. Dave, son of Mr. Seve~th:st., N. W. (N:w Guinea). 7M~. 2 a,nd ~1~s. F1Jn~ \.~~1o~t~~m;:~ IvI~~!/s·tcnscn Lt. C. Ario 22 son . ~ Sinclair av., · · of Mr and Mrs Fred Ch;'st ~sen and Mrs. J. F. Wilkinson, now of Ja.n1ck1, Pfc. Steve, Jr,, 19, son of rica). Pf G ld l\I ,. 3 son 246 Griggs-st · s E (Gar~iner' Petersburg, Mich. (Solomons). Mr. and Mrs. Steve Janicki, sr., 155 Hos~nan, . _c. era. ·,i7"' s'cribTex.). ., · • ' NAVY. Lane-av., N. W. {New Guinea). 3 of Mis. Melvm Hosman, . . • • _ . Jelsma, Pfc. Oscar, 36, son of Mr. 9 ner-av., N. W. (New Gumea). Dyer, Lt. James Herbert, ,.2, son Cassidy, Frank Leslie, hospital and Mrs Miner J Jelsma 1228 Hootman, 1'Iaj. Harold. 1\-1., 4.3, ~~ M~ and M~·s. ;'·EWorth Dyer, apprentice, ~on of Mr. and Mrs. Morgan-;t,, N. w. <New Gui~ea). brother of. Mrs. C. J. Lmdeman Tex) orden-st., . . (Sherman, John S. Casid~, _29~5 CharlesgateJoswick, Pfc. Edward J., 23, son and father of John and James . . rd., S. W. {Phihppmes). . of Mr and Mrs Joseph p Joswick Hootman, all o! 1407 Franklin-st., Hartnacke, Ca11t. Franz J., 28, _Cebelak, _Sylvester Joseph, 21, ra- 1101 Third-st .. N. w. (Ne\.~ Guinea)'. S. E. {New Gumea). son of Mrs. Rose Hartnacke, 342 d10man third class, son of Mr. and l{o Pfc ,voodro W ., n Ingersoll, Pfc. Donald S., 27, son Eureka-av., S. E., and husband of Mrs. Ale. :i.nder Cebelak, 549 Dia- of and Mrs Iv';n 1, ,., 3Ko~op of Mr. and Mrs. Leon Ester~rook, Mrs. Ro:5elyr~ (Cavera) Hartflacks, mond-av., N. E. (PacHic). B~tterworth--st. S. (Ne\~ 762 1304 White-st.. S. W. (New Gumea). 1 ~5? Aigentma-dr., S. E. (Camp Nelson, Bruce Edward, 21, radio- Guinea) ' st KiJnatriek, Sg~. James, brot11e~ of Livmg . . man third class, son a£ Mr. and l{oster' S t. Peter W. 30 son th on, 1;-a.). Mrs. Frank Tnpp, Alanson, Mich. l\ta ews, Sgt. Edwm J., son ... of Mrs. Axel E. Nelson, 519 Bissell-st., of Mr 'anJ Mrs Jame; K~ster (southwest Pacific). Mr. and .Mrs. John Mathews, 1,02 N. E. (Solomons). 1 421 W·dd" omb-~v N W (N ' Kra.marz, Staff Sgt. Jose11h, 26, ~~Iker-id., N. W. (Monroe, La). Nitz, Theodore, 24 storekeeper Guinea/ ic ·, · · ew son of Mr. and Mrs. John K. Kra- M orgf, Lt. RRger J>., 25, son of first class, son of Mr. and Mrs. Kozlo~ski Staff Sgt Jo ph ., 5 marz, 823 Crescent-st., N. E., and r. an . _Mrs. ager Morgan, 127 Henry Naz, 418 Lagrave-av., s. E. son of Mr ~nd Mrs Felixs~ husband of Mrs. Joseph Kramarz, P;:a_ock;;,, E.E(Atlanta, Father in navy. {Pacific.) lowski 92 l\'lcReyn~lds-av W 0 413 Cass-av., S. E. (New Gui-!1ea). and&~~~- s~iom~n Ronda., John, jr., ~7, son of Mr. (Dutch Harbor, Alaska). ., • · 9~ 3 Divf: Ma.digan, Staff Sgt. Frederick H., . S (C Bl cl" Fl ) and Mrs. John Ronda, 1303 ColKryger Sgt Wade L son of 28, son of Mr. and Mrs. Fred W. sw1:-av., · amp an mg, a. • lege-av., N. E. (at sea). Mr and' Mrs• Martin·, 21 ' r 2 123 Madigan, 444 Ellio1t-st., S. E. (New rN~~chJan, Lt. /o~~P\ A., f:32bi;;~hWhitmllll,, Ens. Harry Gill, Jr., 27, An~-st N E · Guinea). ~vooi;l-av~m;_s E.' an~cso~n~f Mr. a:d son of Mr. a_nd Mrs. H. G. VV.h_itLema:iiski, (Jpl. Joseph P., 2s, son 1\-lartz, Pfc. Russell L., 30, son of Mrs Albert 'Nischan Norwalk ~an, 235 Umon-av., S. E. (Philip- of Mrs. Stella Lemanski 471 Mr. and Mrs. Cleon R. Martz, 1115 Calif (Plant C-ty Fla') ' pmes), SprinO'-av. N E (Guadalca~al) Ele~enth-st., N. W. (north Africa). Op~cki, Cpl. kc1~vard·, '24, son of . 1'IARINES. Lou~hJin', sf:ari Sgt. Richard· J., l\11ller, Staff Sgt. Walt~r .H., 21, Mr. and Mrs. Charles Opacki, 854 Gibbs, Ct>I, .J8:mes L., 19, son of 23. son of Mrs. Louise Loughlin, son of Mr. and Mrs. William L. Nacrold-st N \,V (Springfield Mrs. Evelyn Gibbs, 2218 Horton- Ada RFD No. 2 {north Africa) 1\li~ler, 457 Hubert-st., N. E. (New Mo~). ., · · ' a,"·•. S. ~-. and CJaudc G. Gibbs :l\IcGee, Sgt. Robert R., sod of 1 Gu~! .~a). , ,. . , ., 9 Pickel, P,·t. Arlie E., 23, husband Xps1l~nt1 (southwest Pacific). Mrs. Ethel McGee, 545 Michigan1 1'nison, Cpl. \\lll.,am C]J.lle, ,..,.,, of Mrs. Marie Pickel, 54 Carolinel{mpers, S~t. John J .. 20, son of st., N. E. (New Guinea). son °£ Mrs. Nellie Olsen,_ 63 9 pL, N. E. (Fort Custer), Mr. a.nd Mrs. George Kuipers, 63 .Misner, Sgt. Richard n., son of ~Thompson-av., S. E. (New Guinea). Reed, Lt. \Villiam A., 25, son of Car?lme-pl., N. E. (over southwest Mr. and Mrs. Roy Jviisner, 4027 I Oteneack, Cpl. Roman F., 23, son Mr. and Mrs. Earl G. Reed Lake Pacific). West River-rd (New Guinea). of Mr. and. Mrs. Joseph B. Ole- Michigan-ctr. (Terrill, Tex./, Mooney, Staff Sgt. Richard, son nc~ck, 917 Lmcoln-av., N. W. {New Sweet, Pvt. Clifford ]{., 21, son • • of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Mooney, Guinea). . of Norman B. Sweet, 207 SummerWounded 111 Action 1030 Prospect-av., s. E. (New Rea, Sgt. Dona.Id M., son of Wil- av., N. w., (Redondo Beach~ Guinea). ohn H. Rea, 1015 Fremont-av., N. Calif.). :l\lullet, Pvt. Donald, lS, son of 1W., and husband of Mrs. Donald , Tunis, Lt. Jack K., son of Mr. and ARJ.\.IY. Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Mullet 18 In~ 1vr.. Rea of th e WAAC (New Mrs. Fred Tunis, 1943 Willard-av., Atchinson, Sgt. Donald, 23, son diana-av., N. w. (New Guin'ea). IGumea). -> S. E., and husband of Mrs, Iola of Mr. and Mrs. Robert J. Atchin- l\.lurray, Cpl. Donald L., 21, son nd Sa usky, Pvt. Joseph_ G~, 2,.., son (Palmer) Tunis (New Orleans). son, 1652 Jefferson-av., s. E. (New of Mr. and Mrs. Marrcl B. Murray, o( Mrs. Mary G. Sandusky._ 78 LaYanderVeen, Pvt. Don, 18, son of Guine~). 322 Robey- pl. s. E. (New Guinea). gra~e-av., S. E. {north A;rica) · Mr. and . Mrs. Lillian V. Vandereen, Au·stin, Pfc. J. Qarth, 25, son of Neely, Pfc. Ellsworth H., 26, son Shirley, Capt. ~olm D., .... 7, son ?f 2119 Darwin-av., S. W. (Fort Sam Mr. and Mrs. Frank L. Austin of Mrs. Mabel Neely 232 LafaI\.frS. Madge Shirley and Melvm Houston, :rex.). Gr d -II ( , ' · . Shirley Grand Rapids and husvanskaitis p,,t Frank jr 35 gnldvi_e S~uadalcanal). yet!e-av., S. E. (New Gumea). band of Mrs. Betty Je~n {Black) son of Flank ·vanskaiiis ''1553 a win, ·aff Sgt. Robert H., Niece, Cpl. Lawrence, 72 , son of Shirley, 314 Fuller-av., S. E. (New Quarry-av N w (Chico' field 291 soz:i-n of Mr. an~ Mrs. Percy J. Mr. ~ nd Mrs. 0. D. Niece,_ 2l29 Guinea). Calif.). ·• · • ' Baldwi • 453 Gnggs-St, S. E. Da:win-~v-, ~- E. (north Afnca). Soltysiak, Cpl. John W., 25, son Vogel, P\·t. Richard \V., 38, son {Pearl Harbor). . Niedzwie<:k1, P~t. ~obert R., son tJf Mr. and Mrs. Walter Soltysiak, of John Jacob VoO'el Alpine-twp. Bice, Cpl. Franklm, 9.. 1,. son of of Peter N1edzw1eck1, 813 Jackson0 st 21 1119 Atlantic-st., N. W. (New {Selden, Kan.). ' Mr. a~d Mrs. Royal E. Bic~, 3 ., N: W: (Pearl Harbor.) Guinea). Wells, Capt. Richa.rd H., 23, Fran~lm-S t ., S. W. (New Gumea). Ows•nski, Pfc. Joseph, 23, s?n o_f Swanson, Sgt. Norman A., 21, son brother of Robert H. Wells, 926 Blair, Pvt. Albert Thomas, 2_1, Mr. and. Mrs. Lawrence Owsmski, of Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Swanson, Merrifield-av., S. E., and son of Mr. son of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Blair, 2 ~2 Straight-av., S. W. {north Af3852 Division-rd., S. {New Guinea). and Mrs. Charles E. Wells, Apopka, 223. Albany-St, S. W. (New nca). Toczydlowski, Sgt. Bert A., 27, Fla. (England). Gumea). Panochyk, Pfc. Walter J., 2-i, son son of Mr. and Mrs. Adam ToczydNAVY. Balle, Pfc. Abra.b~m, 22, son of of_ J?hn P. Panochyk, 933 _Lake lowski, 224 Houseman•av., N. E. Aldrich, Cadet Reginald P., jr., 23 , Mr. and Mrs. Mannus Balle, 36 M1ch1ga~-dr., N. W. (New Gumea). {New Guinea). son of Mr. and Mrs. Reginald P. Sto_rmzand. pl., N. E. (New Pollacco, Master Sgt. Robert, VanAmburgh, Sgt. Clayton, 25, Aldrich, 1244 Dunham-st., s. E. Gmnea). . brot~cr of Carmel Pollacco,. 314 son of George VanAmburgh, 216 (Jacksonville, Fla.). Borgman, Sgt. l\farnn E .. son Mar~on-av., N. W. (north Africa). J?lrn-st., :3. E.; rnot~er l~ves in Casey, \VHlia.m J., 21, aviation of Mr. and Mt·s. Edward A. Borg- Prmcc, Pfc. Ralph,_ 24, so~ of Mr. P1~ua, Ohio (New Gu111ea). machinist's mate second class, son ma_n, 1147 Alto-av,, S, E. (New a:id Mrs ... Henry Prmc~, l;:,26 An• \ierstay, Sgt. James l\f., 20, son of of Mr. and Mrs. John E. Casey, Guinea). me:av., N. W. (New Gumea). Mr. and Mrs. James Verstay, 552 924 Dorchester-av., s. W. (ElizaBottraU, Cpl. Be~n~rd, 21, son R1ekse, Lt. Robert_ J., son of Mr. Hopson-st., N. E. (New Guinea. beth Cit· J N. C.). of Mr. and_ Mrs. Wilham H. Bot- and Mrs. And1~ew R1eksc, CascadeI Vorenkamp, Cpl. Robert, 26, son Davjs, Louis Daniel, 28. cook, son tra~l, 218 Diamond-av., S. E. (New rd. (north Africa). Cl{ Mr. and Mrs. Albert Voren- ' Mr. and Mrs. Mack Davis, 570 Gumea). Roberts, Staff Sgt. Clio, 27, son of [kamp, 561 Shamrock-st., s. W. randville-av., S. W. (Seattle, Brown, Pvt. Earl W., 25, son of, J,ir. and Mrs. John A. Roberts, 141~ (New Guinea), ash.), Mr. and Mrs. Victor H. Brown,- 'Union-av., S. E• .<north Africa) , I .. . I w_., l 0 J~' t Gt'~ N~;/ ° W. 7 K;z: N (Ne\". Gui!!!f ' I j ~ . Louise B ~~ a~ ~-p: i° r ~ " . CA1'ADIAN FORCES. Hill, Sgt. Robert~-, 26, (RCAF), grandson of Mrs, Elizabeth Reeves, 549 Cedar-st., N. E. (England). I •p . r1soner O f W _ __ Re d Arrow UIll"t S_ ·Bear S F" h • d evcre 1~ ling an Large Casualties As in World war I, Grand Rap .. ids contingents of the famous 3 2nd (R d A, ) d" . . h 1_row e r~,iswn ave seen the heaviest fightmg and have suffered the heaviest casualties to date of all local men in service . m the current conflict. Local Red ArrO\vs of the 126th infantry, who were in the thick of the_ heaviest fighting in the New Gumea campaign, make up 55 per cent o~ the _total _number of local men killed m action. The former national guardsmen lost 31 men in the Papuan struggle, compared with the total list of 57 deaths in action. Those wounded in New Guinea total 60 out of the 100 wounded on all fronts. TJ1ree other local Red Arrows are llsted as missing. The New Guinea total of 94 casualties jg 40 per cent of the entire casualty list in Grand Rapids to date Second in i~portance to Grand Rapids is the north African front, with 28 local casualties These mclude five killed in acti~n three . . ' . ;1.ss111g,. twelve wounded and eight nsoneis. Toll a! Pearl Harbor. In the eai:her phases of_ the war Grand Rapids also had its share of tragedy. When the Japs struck Pearl Harbor three local sailors were killed and two soldiers, one sailor and one marine were wounded for a total of seven local c~sua_lties. Another local sailor died 1n Guam and one more was made a captive when Wake island felI .. In the historic battle in the Philippines Grand Rapids _had no known dead, but three soldiers and two sailors are still listed as m~ssing an~ ten soldiers. and three sailors weie made prisoners of Japan. Loc_al i:narine casualties were heaviest rn the_ Solomons.-Guadalc~nal sector, with two killed _and six wounde~. ~wo local sailors also ~vere_ k~Hed 111 that area and one 1s m1ssmg. One Grand Rap• ids army man _is missing. and five , were wound~d 111 th3:t action. Grand Rapids captives of Japan total 15. of which 13 were taken in the Philippines. Significant of the type of conflict waged in the Papuan campaign is the fact that not a single local Red Arr~w fighter has been reported a pnsoner. In German-Italian hands are eight local prisoners of war. Two Families Hardest Hit . • The current casualty list shows that two Grand Rapids families have twice experienced the pangs of battlefront casualties. Mr. and Mrs. Joseph DeVries, 1144 McReynolds-av., N. W., were notified first that their son, Sgt. Gerrit De Vries, 23, was wounded in action in New Guinea and later received word that a second son, Sgt. Sid• ney DeVries, 19, had died in action on the same front. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Nitz, 418 Lagrave-av., s. E., was informed first that a son, Jack Henry Nitz, 18, had been wounded at sea and then were informed that a second son, Theodare Nitz, 24, storekeeper first class, was missing in action, presumably in the Pacific. The father of these boys also is in the navy. -· Tnere are 10 times more accidents in which people are dis• i,,bled than there are fires. J I ar ARMY J ., f ~oo 1sen, C~ 1• ~ro ~ ., "' 9'son~ Mi. a nd Mis. WFranl-..d C~o~1en,d80 ~ Hovey-St, S. . ·, an ?s an 1 t ) st ., N. Mrs. John Coo~son, 12 FirS W. (norltlh CAflricRa- erEma n y · f Crowe , p. oya1 ., 28, son_o Mrs. Earl Griffen, 744 Fountamst., N. E. (Philippines-Japan). DeJong, Sgt. Charles, 26, son of Mr. and Mrs. Hessel DeJong, 652 Hogan-st., S. W. {north AfricaGermany), Dollnka, Sgt. Daniel, 26, son of Mr. and Mrs. Gabriel Dolinka, 862 Dunham-st., S. E. (Germany). Eliott, Lt. John B., 25, son of Mr. and Mrs. James A. Elliott, Michigan Soldiers home (Germany). Engstrom, Lt. Walter F., 27, broth~r of E1mer Engstrom, 1147 Hermitage-st., S. E., and son of Mrs ... A._ H. Hildebrand, Detroit (Phrll~pmes-Japan). l\Iartm, p,,t. Robcrt.D., 18, son _of Mrs. Joseph Hamermk, 902 S_cnbner-av., N. W. {north AfricaGerm~ny). . _ _ Oostmg, Sgt. \V1llll!m R., 2Q, s~m o~- Mrs. Myra Oostmg,. ?49_ G1ddmgs-av., S. E. {Ph1lippmesJapan). · ()sborne, Oapt. "(Dr.) Charles id J In 32nd Men .- ~ N. E. (sout~west Pacrfic). De\Vltt, Neil, 20, seaman sccon_d class,_ son of Mr. and Mrs. Chris DeWitt, 2113 Stafford-av., S. ~-, and husband of Pleasure DeWitt, 56 Stewart-st., S. W. (southwest Pacific) l\lcCar.tin, Ens. Dan C., son of Mr. and Mrs. M. K. Mccartin, 1939 CoJlins-av., S. E. (Pearl Harbor). Mlynarczyl..:, John S., 24, seaman, husband of Mrs. John S. Mlynarczyk, 944 Veto-st., N. W. (Atlantic). Nitz, Jack Henry, 18, son of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Nitz, 418 Lagraveav., S. E. (at sea). Sullivan, William E., 18, seaman second class, son of Mr. and Mrs. Frank J. Sullh...tln, 170~ Eastern-av., S, E., (battle of Midway). 1'iARThTES. Andrusis, Pfc, AntJ1ony, 22, son of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Andrusis, 1314 Muskegon-av., N. W. (Guadalcanal). Beardsley, Pvt. Kenneth E., 19, son of l\1r. and Mrs. Garret Beards• ley, 44 Grant-st., S. W. (southwest Pacific). Gorecki, Pvt. Edmund R., 21., s~~1 of,.. Mr~ and Mrs. Roman Go1ecJ...1, 22iJ Richards-av., S. W. (Guadalcana!), . • KuJa.wmski, Cpl. Anthony E., 23, brother of :fyirs. Josephine Sorum, 932 Second-st., N. W. (north Afr~ca). . Milanowski, Cpl Hubert D., 20, brother of Mrs. JQSeph Budnick, 123 Travis-st., N E., and Mrs. June Stefanek, 1711 ·cusick-st., N. W. (Guadalcanal), Palmer, Pvt. Alden T., son of Mr. and Mrs. B, Palmer, 3~0 Bealsrd., S. W. (southwest Pacific). Shane, Pvt. Gerald D., 18, son of Ernest M. Shane, 224 Mt. Vernon-av., N. W. (GuadacanaD. Stevens, Pfc. Daniel C,, 21, son of Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Stevens, 924 Milwaukee-av., S. W. (Guadal.. canal). Thornton, Pfc. Harold l\Iilo, 18, son of Mr. and Mrs. Milo T. Thornton, Comstock Park RF'D, No, 1 (Gu~dalcanaD. Wiseman, Cpl. Robert E .. _20, son 1::~:~~ ~il'~~c~f:s~=!t F;~ bor) ., . • \V · \V'tr H ? f M 1 1 7 and 0 ~~·s H~a;~rct'' Wbos%n ;~ diana-av.: N. W. (Pacific/. 9 1 ° v., � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard Platte Red Arrow Division collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Platte, Richard Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs and a scrapbook pertaining to the 126th Infantry, 32nd (Red Arrow) Division of the U.S. Army. Sgt. Richard "Dick" Platte, of Grand Rapids, Michigan, served in the U.S. Army, 32nd Infantry "Red Arrow" Division, 126th 3rd Battalion, Headquarters Company. The company trained for the war in Europe at Camp Livingston, Louisiana in 1941 and conducted maneuvers near Camp Beauregard. In the spring of 1942 the 32nd Division sailed to the South Pacific and settled in Australia. The 126th Regiment was organized into a combat team and was the first of U.S. forces dispatched to Port Moresby in New Guinea. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1941-1945 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Richard Platte Red Arrow Division collection (RHC-99) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource United States. Army United States. Army. Infantry Division, 32nd United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 126th World War, 1939-1945 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-99 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Still image Text Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-99_Platte_WWIIScrapbook Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Platte, Richard Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943/1945 Title A name given to the resource World War II Red Arrow Division Scrapbook Description An account of the resource Scrapbook of newspaper clippings dating from 1943 to 1945 detailing events of World War II, and in particular the activities of the 126th Infantry Regiment, 32nd (Red Arrow) Division. Many articles were clipped from the Grand Rapids Herald and Grand Rapids Press newspapers. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Army World War, 1939-1945 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/635">Richard Platte Red Arrow Division Collection, (RHC-99)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/632efdf4b6005fc297ae1f2125c84105.mp4 af00cf8d8ed5c8e9063a7eb4a720901c https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b8582873dd2bfa1fd679135f99c1ddf4.pdf 57029ade67ae188f5fd8d8fe1b3e1941 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Howard Plattner (43:24) Background Information (00:30)             Born in Sabetha, Kansas (approx. 1950). A small town. There were approx. 13 students in his high school class. (00:33) He has three brothers. (00:50) His family worked as dairy farmers. The boys in the family had chores and jobs to do on the farm such as feed chickens. (1:03) He was involved in sports and athletics during his high school career. (1:25) He attended Bern High School in Kansas. (1:37) Because he didn’t have any sisters the boys were often made to do work in the garden or wash dishes. (1:48) He wasn’t a very good student due to the belief that he would never leave Sabetha. (2:05) The family was fairly poor but they had plenty of food. (2:20) He graduated from Bern High School in May 1968. (2:40) In October of 1969 he was drafted into the U.S. Army. (3:18) He was then sent to Fort Jackson in South Carolina. (3:50) He attended Fort Sam Houston for his basic training. (3:55) Basic training (4:00)      While in service he was an operating room technician. This meant that he would clean and prepare doctors tools before and during surgeries. (4:06) He enjoyed this opportunity and the fact that he could be so close to surgeries and observe. (4:24) He was sent to Fort Ord, California for 6 months to receive further training. (4:32) From California he was sent to Vietnam in August of 1970. (4:35) His only memory of his instructors was the yelling and how they tried to intimidated the young men. (5:00) Service in Vietnam (5:32)     He was sent to Chu Lai in northern South Vietnam. (5:35) Chu Lai was a fishing village with some farming. The people there were very poor. (5:58) The locals didn’t really want the war, so they preferred to stay out of the way and simply farm their land. (6:19) While stationed here he stayed in small steel huts with no air conditioning. The weather was typically 100-105 degrees and very humid. (7:18) �          The windows remained closed at all times in the work rooms because they did not want any sort of partials coming in to affect surgery. (7:30) He also noticed that the country had a very odd smell. (7:35) He worked in an Evacuation Hospital at Chu Lai. This consisted of four hospital operating rooms and a helipad. (8:42) While there the men did neurosurgery, general surgery, orthopedic surgery. He believes everything short of delivering a baby. (9:10) His job consisted of putting the men under anesthesia when they were going to be operated on as well as cleaning the wound before the surgeon would begin the operation. Often times after this surgery, the men were medevaced to Japan or the U.S. (9:40) He recalls having to operate on men who have been burned by napalm or had napalm still on them. (11:05) While in service he was never injured. (11:56) He appreciated the people who he worked with, particularly the surgeons. The surgeons had twelve years of medical training only to end up in Vietnam and were bitter about it but were still dedicated. (12:06) He kept in touch with his family by mail. (12:54) He made friends with locals as well as the men he served with however he has not remained in touch with them. (13:10) End of Service in Vietnam Approx. (1971) (13:45)        He brought a calendar with him to track his time in Vietnam. (13:45) When he got back the army offered the men whatever the men wanted to eat. (14:20) He used the G.I. Bill to attended Kansas City University and Wichita State University for his undergraduate work. He studied anesthesia. (14:50) He has worked in Hastings, Saginaw, and Lansing Michigan doing mostly freelance work in anesthesia. (16:02) He met his wife at a friend’s house while in college. (16:17) He has three children (2 boys and 1 girl.) (16:30) He came to Michigan due to the connection he had with a job and his brother-in-law. He loved the weather in Michigan as well. (17:00) Thoughts on the war (18:23)       While in Vietnam, the soldiers were not informed to the degree of unpopularity of the conflict in Vietnam in the States. (18:40) There was an underground network of soldiers who feed more accurate details than what the U.S. Army provided from the U.S. to the soldiers. (19:00) He returned from Vietnam in 1971. When he returned people were not supportive of the soldiers. (19:35) He doesn’t feel bitter about not being recognized for his service while soldiers today are. (20:15) He finds it interesting to hear people’s opinions about war that haven’t experienced it. (20:15) While in Vietnam, he recalls becoming accustomed to mortars detonating and machine gun fire. When he returned home he recalled if feeling very quiet. (20:30) �     He recalls the first time he saw a dead person (one the same age as him) and how he was frightened by it. (22:11) He also recalls witnessing the operations of men who have lost limbs and how shocked he was by this. (22:50) The Military learned a lot about medical care as a result of the speed that surgeon needed to work at and experiences as a result of the war. (23:32) It was not uncommon to lose light or electricity during surgery. To compensate one man would hold a flash light to shine light on the operating areas. (26:00) It was not uncommon during the rain season to have the operating room flood. (26:46) Encounters with the Locals (27:00)               Many locals rode bikes. (27:27) He was sympathetic to the Vietnamese people who he believed did not want the war. (28:42) The natives were also eager to sell and trade to obtain tin to put on their roof. (this was a sign of prestige) (29:30) There was not a lot for the soldiers to do when there was no one at the hospital. He spent much of his free time playing basketball. (30:40) The Vietnamese loved watches, flip flops, and sun glasses and were eager to obtain them from Americans. (31:24) Natives were offered American Payment Certificates to work at the base. (32:24) He had all of his money sent to America because there wasn’t anything he could do with into in Vietnam. (33:10) The man made fairly good money as a result of their service in Vietnam. (33:26) One evening he was invited to dinner and was fed a delicacy, squid over rice. But he decided not to eat it. (33:51) He recalls that the market had a high number of flies attracted by the raw meat and fish. (35:07) The vendors at the market were very eager to sell goods to Americans. (35:45) He recalls that drugs were very easy to obtain as was alcohol. There was a large problem with heroin. (36:06) He tried his best to stay away from drinking and drugs. (37:50) If he ever smells marijuana he thinks back to Vietnam because he smelled it there every day. (38:10) Final Thoughts on Military Service (39:29)     For a young person, he believes the military is not that bad of a career. But it is important for those interested to learn discipline. (39:40) In spite thinking he would stay in contact with the men he met in the service, he no longer is in contact with them. (40:25)] Most of the surgeons he worked with in Vietnam have since retired. (40:43) He believes the way the military was run is better now than it was when he served. (41:05) �   If he wasn’t drafted he thinks he would have enlisted for the Vietnam War because he wanted to go to a place aside from his home town and see the world as well as experience combat. (41:25) He was undecided on career choice when he got out of high school. (42:20) He thinks the military is immensely improved as a result of the requirement that members are required to have a high school diploma. (42:42) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PlattnerH1312V Title A name given to the resource Plattner, Howard (Interview outline and video), 2007 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Plattner, Howard Description An account of the resource Howard Plattner was born in Sabetha Kansas in 1950 and served in the U.S. army during the Vietnam conflict. He was drafted into the Army in 1969 and sent to Fort Sam Houston to train as a medic. He was sent to Vietnam in 1970 and returned to the U.S. in 1971. During this time he served as an operating room technician in an Evacuation Hospital at Chu Lai. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Slatten, Katie (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-06-06 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4511e966ea5a7c1ff96b3b6a57331d83.pdf 8dc368cd76db34133f779c371f919d98 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Incunabula Description An account of the resource The term incunabula refers to books printed between 1450 and 1500, approximately the first fifty years following the invention, by Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, of printing from moveable type. Our collection includes over 200 volumes and numerous unbound leaves from books printed during this period. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1450/1500 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Incunabula Collection (DC-03) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United </a> Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng it la nl de Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Historia naturalis [folium 168] Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03_168Plinius1487 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Plinius Secundus, Galus (Pliny the Elder) Description An account of the resource One leaf of Historia naturalis by Gaius Plinius Secundus and edited by Philippus Beroaldus. Printed in Venice by Marinus Saracenus on May 14, 1487. Illustrated in blue rubricated initials. [GW M34333; ISTC ip00795000] Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Venice: Marinus Saracenus Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Language A language of the resource la Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1487 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Beroaldus, Philippus (editor) Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/26ae856ba03fb58fe6b347409649c759.pdf ce44c0fb0310922739224794c4a2ea03 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Incunabula Description An account of the resource The term incunabula refers to books printed between 1450 and 1500, approximately the first fifty years following the invention, by Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, of printing from moveable type. Our collection includes over 200 volumes and numerous unbound leaves from books printed during this period. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1450/1500 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Incunabula Collection (DC-03) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United </a> Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng it la nl de Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Historia naturalis [Italian] [folium 193] Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03_193Plinius1476 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Plinius Secundus, Galus (Pliny the Elder) Description An account of the resource One leaf from Historia naturalis [Italian] by Gaius Plinius Secundus and translated by Christophorus Landinus. Printed in Venice by Nicolaus Jenson in 1476. [GW M34342; ISTC ip00801000] Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Venice: Nicolaus Jenson Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Language A language of the resource it Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1476 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Landinus, Christophorus (translator) Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d5a35c5fb214e60cd8add17c62c82c07.m4v cad2b6ba0653c5c3e69d4f9c7d13b9c6 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/98ac5ef0aa4619c057a64b479e40fde5.pdf ef4d660db6bb80d5670d806452c02208 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans’ History Project Bryan Pogodzinski Cold War, Iraq War 15 minutes 38 seconds (00:00:10) Early Life -Born on September 15th, 1964. -Served as a Master Sergeant in the Air Force. -Born on Carswell Air Force base in Fort Worth Texas. -Father was in the Air Force for four years. -Later became a factory worker for Rockwell. -Mother worked for a bank. -Siblings: -One brother a year older (also born at Carswell). -A sister (born in Michigan). -Before entering the military worked for a farm, grocery store, hung dry wall, misc work. -A friend of his father’s convinced him to join the military. -Flew to Cleveland to the recruiting station to join. -Chose the Air Force due to his father being in the Air Force. (00:01:50) Training and Cold War Era -Began training around the start of 1986. -Training “old school” break you down to build you up approach. -Some difficulty with being away from friends and family. -Eventually adjusted to the routine. -Not as focused on physical training in the Air Force. -Tedious attention to detail activities. E.g. folding clothes. -Desirable to pay attention to detailed technical info. -Lived in 70102nd basic military training squadron (BMTS). -Started with 58 members, lost 8 dropouts over time. -No free time. -No set routine aside from meals. -Lots of running and marching. -First station after training: Dyess Air Force base in Abilene Texas. -First daughter was eventually born there. -Dyess was a Strategic Air Command base (SAC) -High profile for its nuclear weaponry during 60s-80s. -B1 Bomber was introduced there. -Congress people were present often. -His role there was a security police officer for the Air Force. -Cold War ended while he was in Europe. (00:07:07) Iraq War -Served in Operation Desert Shield �-Worked for the 555th MP Company -Experienced drive by shootings, insurgent attacks, security risks with Kuwait politicians, helicopter crashes, etc. -On his role in the military: -investigated and found $4 million of stolen helicopter parts. -Dealing with drugs, alcohol, pornography, prostitution rings (mentioned later at 13:12) -Similar roles to a county police officer. -Made good friends in the military. -Keeps in touch with a lot of fellow military members. -Communicating with family at that time was with phones, and there was e-mailing. -First deployment lasted four months, second deployment lasted eight months. -Before deployment “Spin up training”, in New Jersey for five weeks. -Not much free time while deployed. -Swimming in the pool or simply catching more sleep. -Difficulty with re-adjusting to civilian life. -No family/children overseas to have to orient yourself toward. -Not a community that shares the same knowledge/experience. -Values the education and experiences the military offered. -Pursuing a PhD which should be completed soon. -Seen places others may only read about. E.g. Germany before and after Berlin Wall. -After returning from military worked at a car manufacturing job. -Changed paths to focus on education. -Received bachelors, two master’s degrees, now finishing a PhD. -Worked for Children Protective Services in Allegan County. -Now works with children with behavioral disorders and autistic children. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_PogodzinskiB1824V Title A name given to the resource Pogodzinski, Bryan (Interview outline and video), 2015 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-05-25 Description An account of the resource Bryan Pogodzinski was born on September 15th 1964. He was active in the military during the Cold War as well as the Iraq War and served as a Master Sargent in the Air Force. During the Cold War he was stationed at Dyess Air Force base where the B1 Bomber was introduced. Later he was part of Operation Desert Shield in Iraq. There he worked for the 555th Military Police Company dealing with security risks. After leaving the military he focused on education and is soon to complete his PhD. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pogodzinski, Bryan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaczanowski, Claire (Interviewer) Caledonia High School (Caledonia, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Iraq War, 2003-2011--Personal narratives, American United States. Air Force Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Moving Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/x-m4v application/pdf https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0da55dc21449dbf92e5825f93fc15cd0.mp4 b2eeecbbee5fc187296715de0e70b723 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/640508d60514792dc199f078b3c696b9.pdf 20755cfc594dd771655eac549651b7d6 PDF Text Text William James College Interviews GV016-16 Interviewer: Barbara Roos Interviewee: Ronald Poitras Date: 1984 [Poitras] How is Burns doing? Is he doing okay? [Barbara] [Inaudible] [Poitras] Good. [Barbara] [Inaudible] [Poitras] You're only teaching part-time though, right? [Barbara] [Inaudible] [Poitras] You’ve got to do it full time now? [Barbara] [Inaudible] [Poitras] Do you want to, or don't you want to know? [Barbara] [Inaudible] [Poitras] Walter! How about Walter? Is he coming around? Huh? [Barbara] I'll tell you all about it. [Poitras] Okay. [Barbara] Focus on your eye... [Inaudible]. [Poitras] Okay. [Barbara] [Inaudible] [Poitras] Okay. Thank you. [Barbara] Anytime we can go. [Poitras] You want me to put this down? You going to start? You're asking questions? �[Barbara] I ask you a question. [Poitras] And I can answer them. [Barbara] If you had to sum up William James philosophy in a sentence or two, what would you say? [Poitras] A sentence or two? I would say that the William James philosophy was teaching, and that we were all teachers. Both the students and the faculty alike. I think that's the biggest thing that we all receive from it. That's how I'd sum it up. Is that too…? [Barbara] No, that's fine. I've not gotten the same answer from… [Poitras] Anyone. [Barbara] Which is fine. Which is fine. Okay, you were saying that you… If you were special… [?] Projects? Is that why you came to the college? [Inaudible] [Poitras] No, I came to teach. I also had another opportunity to teach at Ohio State in the graduate school. And I chose William James because I knew I would do more than just planning. So, I came to William James because I could do more than just planning. But what I did for William James, and what William James got for me and Grand Valley was the projects I did. Because I continuously got reviews on the presses, and TV, and newspapers, and that was the neat thing. But that's not why I came to William James. I came to William James because I knew I can do more than just planning and I did. Well, you and I team taught, Barbara. And think I almost team taught with everyone at William James. Probably one of the few that did. There aren't many people I didn't team teach with, almost everyone I went through. Just I had a list when I got there. I went bang, bang, bang, bang, and I went through everybody. And I learned, that was the whole idea, right? So, I learned, I learned a lot. And that was one of the neat things. The projects, as I saw it, for me were just a little icing on the cake. But it was very important to William James for their survival. It was really important for professionalism. It was important for our students, and important for Grand Valley. So, I did that just… not because I wanted to do it so much, not because I think maybe is the best teaching device (although I think it's good), but I did it as something extra for the college. Just with all the Public Relations. [Barbara] It fascinates me that we all think of James and somehow recognize it for what it was. How did we all come to understand James' philosophy? What is the background that we all have? [Poitras] That's a tough question. That is a tough question, right? Well, I think when… see �when I first read about the ad for William James, it talked about professional planning. You know, in kind of a free environment. But those weren't the terms. It insinuated it, implied that. [Poitras] So I said okay. I would like to see what a free environment is, and I think maybe something to that effect even though the words are different probably for all of us. Something to that effect probably attracted most of us. I mean maybe that's a common thing. That we would not be tied down to a lot of the traditional things. Like requirements for each class, and one class fitting the other. That we would have a lot of freedom, and flexibility. And I think that's maybe the thing, the common bond. A group of individuals you'll never find that, such a group again, everybody was such an individual and that was a neat thing. I could walk through the hall anyway, anytime, anyhow I wanted to. Anytime, and nobody would say a thing-- one thing. Even though we were a community, but a community of individuals that was a neat thing. And that was the success of it, right? Because each person went out, and did their own thing and made a college very successful. Primary aspect, you look at Robert and his ability to run CAS-- not run it but at least part of that whole thing. And Steve with his strong academic liberal arts background, and go to everybody. Then me with a lot of professional things, and yourself a professional and academic background. Just looking those things, each one of us unique, and then we could get together and struggle through our councils together to try to mesh our ideas. But I think was that freedom, just that freedom. In fact, I could walk through those halls and I was famous for walking the halls, and I could say anything to anyone, and it wouldn't upset them. Almost everyone. It wouldn't upset them. It didn't matter what I said because they were too bogged…you know, involved with all the things that they're doing, and they didn't care. You know they didn't take it. They weren't paranoid like a lot of other professional settings and organizations. [Barbara] Do you think we made some critical mistakes? [Poitras] The critical mistake, and I don't know if it was our fault, the critical mistake was we started taking in students that were more concerned with professionalism than careerism that's concerned with the overall concept of William James. And I don't think that's our fault because we're worrying about numbers, and so-- But that's what led to the decline of the college as far as I'm concerned. We were only concerned with professional career areas, and less concerned with the ideas of the students. Not all of us, but generally that's what happened, and that's what led to the fall the college. That was a real problem because look at all the students that we have near the end compared to the students that way maybe couple years earlier. They were just different times, neither good nor bad, just different and I think that was a critical mistake. Let me give you a real good example of that. So, I can just… have to defend this statement. A good example would be, we'll say in the arts program. Not the media as much, but the arts �program. They became known for certain type of art program. So, the admissions office would send people to them that were interested only in art, and then they would let them into the college. [Poitras] And that's true planning and other things, too. I just use art as an example. So, the students came there interested in art as a career, but not interested in James and the concept. Some certain lots were but many weren’t, and I think that's what led to the decline of the college. That's my impression that was as far as I was in the most critical error that we made. [Barbara] How else could we have— [Poitras] Yeah, well I don't know, see? So, that's… I'm saying I can blame us… because following in [?] and all of the country following moment here [?] we had to have students. So, I guess that's a compromise we made in the process I think that led to the fault college because if we would've had the same students that we did in the early years, I don't know, I think William James would still be there. I think they would've given us as faculty [?] and the support that we went [?] and want to be able to stand and fight for James and we just didn't have… it wasn't a mutual thing, you know. The students gave us energy and we gave the students energy and it worked real well but near the end it wasn't way. I'm not absolutely… gosh [?] doesn't really need kids there you know. I know that just the career thing really got us, and I think that it's too much of the career thing with all the other components and I think that lead to the end. That was the year, as far as I'm concerned. [Barbara] What you're teaching now, are you teaching the same lesson? [Poitras] Yes, in fact, I'm doing some graduate classes as well and I had a student to graduate William James who works at the college who came and took my graduate class, she goes: "Gosh, I like this class it’s just like William James." Now that's easier doing a graduate level. I think in my undergraduate levels (classes) they're a little different but I know that it's really hard. It's hard to make that compromise and the bridge between giving grades and people that come in there and then they have taken the of course after that. But I'm trying real hard to be who I am when I am and I don't think I've changed too much. [Barbara] I want to talk about a thing that worked for you best in your years. If you were telling somebody about the college and wanted to be very specific about something, what story would you tell? [Poitras] I guess, I can think of two stories. One story might be just doing all the team teaching. It was just such a beautiful experience for me. The other story would have to be the projects I worked on with all the different students and they were �really pretty fantastic and I guess the Prospect House was the biggest one that we worked on. Trying to take an inner city house and making it self-sufficient in the inner city and it took so much out of me and so much out of the students. But to this day every one of those students are in well-paid professional positions. [Poitras] The ones that were a part of the key team that ran that thing, they all have big, good careers. They all went to the best graduate schools; they all have well-paid jobs. So, this really paid off for them and I was glad to see that the Prospect House itself, as far as the costs were concerned, worked out. We managed to get out of it before there was some problems with it. So, the cost was okay but as an overall concept just didn't carry on as long as I wish it would've but that was fine. The big thing, heck, I worked… I didn't sleep for I think two years. I worked on that thing straight for two years, day and night, with all the students. About thirty William James’ students and there must been a hundred involved through different levels and, of course, you did things, too. But there was a core of about thirty students that worked on that thing, and maybe even a real small core of about ten that worked day and night on that thing, also. And I can't take any of the credit; they have to take as much credit, and probably blame as I do. [Barbara] You didn't have anything beyond that did you? [Poitras] Well, a little bit, but not really – that was Rod Bailey's project. Really a good project. [Barbara] If you were going to do it all over again, would you do it again? [Poitras] Oh yeah. The Prospect project? [Barbara] No, I meant James. [Poitras] Oh yeah, definitely. Definitely. Oh, God, yeah. Hey, I'm so sophisticated, I could have never… I made leaps and bounds. You know, I can go to professional organizations, which I do, the planning ones, urban planning organizations. I can sit there and talk on anything. Hell, are you kidding? Of course, I’d do it again, it was the best education I ever had. [Barbara] How? [Poitras] Just, well, just being able to teach the courses I wanted to teach, being team teaching and teaching things outside my area. I mean, I came here thinking I was going to teach… well no, I would've had to teach urban planning at Ohio State. Here I taught urban planning, political science, I taught geography, I taught a writing class. I taught myself …this isn't team teaching now. I taught some philosophy classes about William James. Oh gosh I can go on and on. And as �you know just to prepare for each one of those classes just took time, and time, and time. So, I learned all sorts of things, and I became less narrow, I think. I hate to use that. That sounds so much of a cliche, less narrow. [Poitras] But it provided me with a better background to teach the courses I'm now teaching. It really broadened my education. Expanded my undergraduate education enormously. [Barbara] Let’s stop the tape a second. Let’s repeat the question. What about burnout? [Poitras] Well, I think in some areas the projects have tired me out. Just doing those professional projects is really difficult, especially with the different students that we have because it takes a lot of initiative on the individual student’s part to do a good project. So, I've been doing more… well, I was doing more [Inaudible] when I was in William James. And I think that part maybe wiped me out a little bit. But as far as burnout, as far as the college was concerned overall, uh-uh. The feedback from some of those good students, it was a lot of energy they gave me and it was a reciprocal thing. I think that was a really neat thing about William James. Just having that ability to act with the students, get energy from them, and return the energy. So, I never felt burnt out. I think we could've kept going. You know some people say there's too many meetings, and I, you know, I don't like a lot of meetings either but in a lot of ways it was good, and we found a lot of information. One neat thing about Adrian, the dean that hired me, was that she would always let us know everything that was going on and that was kind of neat. So, those meetings I thought paid off and I didn't get too tired of them. Some people thrived on them. So, I can't believe there could have been too much burn out. I don't know where the burnout would have come from. Nah, I don’t think burnout was an issue or question at all. [Barbara] Okay, okay, why don't you do the family stuff because I'm not sure what you mean, so just do it. [Poitras] Yeah, well, I think some personal ways William James was really good for me was because… in the following ways: (One) Not only could I do my thing but Peggy helped me do a film with the college under Jan Zimmerman and there were several faculty involved in that. That was a nice experience. My son, Walter Wright, I had my son in his computer classes. That was always good. Moscovitch is always [?] I need to advise my students… I mean my own family. So, on a personal level, William James was good not only for me, you know, through my work. But was also good for my family and their own growth. So, I think that William James provided a lot of stuff professionally, but a lot of stuff personally for all of us, too. And I look at other faculty people and often it was both spouses were teaching at William James. And there was a lot of growth. So, it wasn't just a separate thing. And it wasn't that… even though I mentioned earlier that were �all free as individuals. There was that little, somewhat of a community, because we'd all help one another. You mentioned in the hospital that one of the faculty was there with you. And when my son was hurt his leg. [Poitras] I think almost everyone in James faculty went to the hospital and visited him, when he got hit by a car. So almost all of them were there. So, it was kind of neat. I think it’s a real personal experience that we all enjoy also. [Barbara] [Inaudible] [Poitras] One little note, one little mistake that we made, Barbara, was that we didn't work close enough with our counterparts in CAS and I really made an attempt to do that for William James and I team taught with several faculty in CAS so that we can try to bridge the gap. And I think more faculty should've done that and I think it would've helped our college immensely. [Barbara] Politically at the end? Or other ways? [Poitras] Everyway. I think politically we would've had more friends and more people supporting us, and if we did put on a big fight, if we would have then we would've had more support and I think that would have helped everyone. [Barbara] Should we have tried to fight? [Poitras] Oh yeah, yeah. I think we should have. [Barbara] I think so, too. [Poitras] Good. [Barbara] Why didn't we? [Poitras] My excuse is, I think, I didn't see any… who was going to fight. A lot of the students weren't and I just didn't think it was there. I think maybe the time had passed and it just wasn't there. [Barbara] Good, I'm glad that happened… [Inaudible]. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource William James College Interviews Description An account of the resource Videotaped interviews of William James College faculty, students and administrators by Barbara Roos. William James College opened in 1971 as the third baccalaureate degree granting college for Grand Valley. It was originally designed to be an interdisciplinary, non-departmentalized college consisting of concentration programs, rather than majors. Curriculum was organized around three concentrations that were meant to be interdisciplinary career preparation offerings: Social Relations, Administration and Information Management, and Environmental Studies. The college was discontinued in 1983 during a reorganization of Grand Valley. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/69">William James College faculty and student interviews (GV016-16)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Universities and colleges Oral histories Alternative education Interdisciplinary approach in education Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Roos, Barbara (Interviewer) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV016-16 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Language A language of the resource eng Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV016-16_GVSU_14_Poitras Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Poitras, Ronald Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Title A name given to the resource Ronald Poitras interview (video and transcript) Description An account of the resource Interview with Ronald Poitras by Barbara Roos, documenting the history of Grand Valley State's William James College. William James College was the third baccalaureate degree granting college for Grand Valley. It was originally designed to be an interdisciplinary, non-departmentalized college consisting of concentration programs, rather than majors. The college opened in 1971 and was discontinued in 1983 during a reorganization of Grand Valley State. Ronald Poitras was a Community and Environmental Planning faculty member in William James College and longtime professor at Grand Valley. In this interview, Ron discusses the philosophy of William James College and what attracted him to teach there, in addition to his experience working on the Prospect House project in Grand Rapids, Michigan. This interview is part 1 of 1 for Ronald Poitras. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Roos, Barbara (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Universities and colleges Oral histories Alternative education Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/69">William James College faculty and student interviews (GV016-16)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d4361f907353b2105e6136890823e61b.pdf 5c63bf2e98e436089b93e3392605e679 PDF Text Text . --~-\-r.-.ft.:~~::~-<9':JL:t;i . ~·...:.t.." . • r:, '-1~ . L .. ~ -·r ..._., .~·t;t~t ·,. -· .• ·.. { ( L ,_ ~ ;. ·: ·_: Polkton Township L : ..-. : .- ·- ,. . L. • I'- • •• \ • •.'I •,. • I \. . •• ~ • .. . ' • • • ' . · 1991 .: · j .. , , . . . • ., ; L . ..... . L .....• ..... '. . . ;: .. MASTER PLAN · · :. L .. ·. . . I • . .. ; • . ' L~ . .. . ·. . ~ L :_. :-._·. ''.:. ~' • , : ' ., • ., ... '\r' . -·--- L. ~~~~~~~~~~ - ===-~-~~=*~~. L ''. . •,. : . ' . '. L. ' .': .·.-' ·: ·.. . L . .. . '· , . . . I ' ' . • .. . 'I . ' ' . . I . . , :' ,• ' . ., •• ' , .• ,.. • • ~ O o . I• ' .. . ' L. . L.. L . ," WW E~gineering & Science"),.Vf �, I ·-· , .... L . (" I POLKTON TOWNSHIP r~ ·--I MASTER PLAN --- i l. r· l' l • I • L ,.., l ! ., TOWNSHIP BOARD Arthur Lucas, Supervisor Mary Ann Smoes, Clerk Merle Hecksel, Treasurer Lester Langeland Calvin Meinderstma Harold Sheridan Beverly Smoes PLANNING COMMISSION !. l f. ~ Harold Sheridan, Chairperson John S teenstra, Vice-Chairperson Suzanne Bos, Secretary David Busman Warren Walt Lyle Hanchett (former member) Melvin Veeneman (former member) -. I I L Adopted January, 1991 \ ~ Prepared with the Assistance of : WW Engineering & Science, Inc. Governmental Services Division 5555 Glenwood Hills Parkway SE Grand Rapids, MI 49588-0874 �, TABLE OF CONTENTS f Chapter 1. Page IN1RODUCTION ... ·. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Regional Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Natural Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 ,.... 3. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Economic Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3. EXISTING LAND USE ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Agricultural Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Residential Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Commercial Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Industrial Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Public and Semi-Public Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4. COMMUNITY FACil.JTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5. RECREATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 • 6. PLANNING ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Population Projections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Residential Land Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Commercial Land Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Industrial Land Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Parks and Recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 .-- 7. PLAN FORMULATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Goals and Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Plan Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 8. FUTURE LAND USE PLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 The Relationship of Planning and Zoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Development Staging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Land Use Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 9. IMPLEMENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Zoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Subdivision Ordinance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Capital Improvements Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Planning Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Public Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Revisfons to the Master Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 .... ~ 'i ,' I 1 •. I I 'I ; ,/ C • �,., I LIST OF TABLES Page Table I • 1 ,. 2 3 4 5 6 7 Population Growth 1940 - 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Population Growth Comparisons - Ottawa County . . . . . . . . ... 12 Income and Poverty Comparisons - 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Housing Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Polkton Township Property Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Polkton Township Development Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Ottawa County Population Projections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 ' < I •• I I LIST OF MAPS Map 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ' . Page Drainage Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Generalized Environmental Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Important Farmlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 P.A. 116 Farmland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Parcels Created by Section: 1980-1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Street Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Future Land Use Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 �INTRODUCTION ,... POLKTON TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN l I • l , ... i I ~ I . ..., ! I. ,- The fundamental purpose· of the Master Plan is to allow the Township to set down in a comprehensive manner the goals and objectives for its physical development. The Township Planning Ac 4 Public Act 168 of 1959, as amended, specifically gives Township Planning Commissions the authority to prepare and officially adopt a Master Plan. Once prepared, officially adopted and maintained, this Plan will serve as an advisory guide for the physical conservation of certain areas and for the development of other areas into the best possible living environment for present and future township residents. Because of the constant change in our social and economic structure and activities, the Plan must be maintained through periodic review and revision so that it reflects contemporary trends while maintaining long range goals. The Plan will be effective to the degree that it continues to: 1 • reflect needs and desires of the people; • realistically interpret the existing conditions, trends and the- dynamic economic and social pressures for change; and • inspire cooperation among the various public agencies, developers, and the citizens of the Township toward achieving common goals. I • The Master Land Use Plan provides: I I l l 1. A comprehensive means of integrating proposals that look 20 years ahead to meet future needs regarding general and major aspects of physical conservation and development throughout the Township; 2. An official, advisory policy statement for encouraging orderly and efficient use of the land for residences, businesses, industry, parks and recreation areas, and agriculture, and for coordinating these uses of land with each other, with streets and highways, and with other necessary public facilities and services; 3. A logical basis for zoning, subdivision design, public improvement plans, and for facilitating and guiding the work of the Township Planning Commission and the Township Board as well as other public and private endeavors dealing with the physical conservation and development of the Township; 4. A means for private organizations and individuals to determine how they may relate their building and development projects and policies to official township planning policies; and 5. A means of relating the plans of Polkton Township to the plans of adjacent townships and cities and to development of the region as a whole. ' DW d:'ms'i>llttn-mp 1 89374 �The final element of the plan will synthesize the recommended goals and needs of the Township and the analysis of existing conditions and trends into a general development strategy. The plan will conclude with an implementation program. f i.__ t i t • The Polkton Township Master Plan is intended to be long-range and dynamic, based on the longterm goals and objectives looking 20 years forward. With that in mind, there is an important caveat to this planning process: the Master Plan is general in scope. It is not necessarily intended to establish the precise boundaries of land use areas or the exact locations of individual future land uses. Its greater function is to serve as a decision making framework. Used correctly, the more detailed future decisions can be related to the broader community-wide perspective provided in the plan, and the decision makers will have confidence that their decisions have a clear and rational basis. i . nw d:'ms\pllctn-mp 2 89374 �·I 1 . ., PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION L Any plan for the future must be based on knowled.ge of existing conditions and the influences that have shaped the community. This chapter examines the natural influences that have worked to make the community what it is today. These include its location and natural features such as topography, soils, and water resources. REGIONAL SETTING Polkton is located in Ottawa County and consists of over 38 square miles of land area. The City of Coopersville is situated in the east-central portion of the Township. Polkton is bounded on the nonh by Muskegon County's Ravenna Township, on the west by Crockery Township, and on the east by Wright Township. The Grand River forms the Township's southern boundary with Allendale Township. Interstate Highway 96 traverses the central portion of the township in an east/west direction providing the principal access route to the community. This artery links the Grand Rapids Metropolitan area with the Muskegon/Grand Haven areas. Polkton Township is situated approximately 15 miles northwest of downtown Grand Rapids and 12 miles from Lake Michigan. NATURAL FEATURES GEOLOGY The bedrock of Polkton Township consists of the edges of bowl-like rock formations that fill the Michigan basin. The oldest/deepest rock is the Coldwater shale formation. Overlapping this shale is the Marshall sandstone formation. t - Overlying these rocks is a mass of glacial drift deposited by receding glaciers. This material ranges from less than 100 feet to more than 300 feet in thickness. The unconsolidated material as well as the Marshall Formation contains aquifers that are used for domestic water supplies. TOPOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE Variations in the surface relief within Polkton are generally not pronounced. Because of this, the area's topography is well suited for agricultural purposes. The highest point in the Township is approximately 750 feet above sea level and is found in Section 1 in the extreme northeast. From this point, the land generally falls off to the south and southwest toward the Grand River where elevations are approximately 590 feet above sea level. The most significant factor affecting the topography of the Township is the Grand River and its associated watersheds. The river forms the entire southern boundary of the Township as it nw d:'ms\pllan-mp 3 89374 �\ .. i . ,·-· I meanders to the west toward Lake Michigan. Over time, the river and its tributaries have cut steep slopes and ravines into the otherwise gentle landscape. Many of the slopes associated with these ravines exceed 12%. Several of the ravines and stream valleys drop 50 feet in a very short distance. Many of the slopes associated with the ravines are extremely fragile and pose severe, although localized, limitations on development. As should be expected, all of Polkton Township lies within the Grand River Drainage Basin and all storm water eventually flows into the · Grand River. The eastern half of the Township is drained by Deer Creek which originates near the Township's northern boundary with Ravenna Township in Section 1. Beaver Creek contributes to the Deer Creek watershed. It enters the Township in the northeast from Wright Township and converges with Deer Creek just north of the City of Coopersville. The western one half of the Township is included in the Crockery Creek watershed. Within this area numerous small streams drain in a westerly direction to Crockery Creek which is located in Crockery Township. \ I, The southern portion of the Township drains almost directly into the Grand River through a number of small rivulets. Several formal county drains provide control of drainage within the Township. The Ottawa County Drain Commission and property owners share in maintaining this drainage system. Map 1 illustrates the watersheds and formal drains that occur in the Township. '. Portions of the Township nearest the Grand River and upstream along Deer Creek are within the 100-year floodplain of the Grand River. Upstream, the 100-year flood level roughly coincides· with the 598.5 foot contour elevation. Downstream, the 100-year floodplain extreme coincides approximately with the 594 foot contour. Due to its relatively narrow extent (50 to 1000 feet in width), only a limited amount of land area is contained within the Grand River's floodplain. Narrow floodplains also exist along Deer Creek and many of the smaller streams in the Township. The width of floodplains along the upper drainage network of the Township generally range from 100 to 200 feet. Along Deer Creek, flood plains range from 400 to 600 feet in width within Coopersville to as wide as 1,000 feet in width where Deer Creek converges with the Grand River. Most of the creeks, as well as the Grand River, will flood the low lying areas along their banks in times of heavy rainfall and also during the springtime snowmelt. These flood areas have several implications for planning, such as consideration in the construction of structures, the planning and design for new roads, including bridges and culverts, and the location of recreational and other open space areas. At the present time, very little development has occurred within the areas of the Township that are floodprone. As a result, little flood damage has been experienced, and the Township does not participate in the Federal Flood Insurance Program. The hydrographic features have had a ow d:'ms\pl.kln-mp 4 89374 �I • L ' . DAMIAGE NETWORK ------- POLKTON TOWNSHIP OTTAWACCUITY,IKIWN --wwma..,...... --~..._..,,.,,.aca-. - ~ . . . . IIIVM:a•Aa ---N- - - an• coor--.&a ~ .. Map 1 �definite bearing on existing land use and their consideration is of primary importance in developing a future land use plan that makes use of and promotes the continuation of existing drainage patterns. Every effort · must be made to preserve and maintain the floodplain, the woodlands, and pasture lands along the streams in their natural state. In so doing, the potential long-term adverse environmental and economic impacts · that development of these fragile corridors brings can be avoided. SURFACE WATER QUALITY I L Generally speaking, the quality of surface waters in and around the Township are rated as good and meet Federal Clean Water Standards. One area of particular concern, however, is the Grand River which receives periodic discharges of raw sewage from the City of Grand Rapids. During these occurrences, which correspond to periods of high rainfall and runoff, users of the Grand River are warned by public health officials to avoid contact with the Grand River's water. Measures are being taken to alleviate this problem and should be implemented in the next few years. ! . i ,, Another source of potential pollution for streams in any farming community is agricultural runoff. Fertilizers and sedimentation are a major source of water pollution in Ottawa County, and care must be taken to by farmers to avoid these types of non-point pollution in their land management practices. Retention of natural vegetative strips along the drainage courses is one way that agricultural runoff into surface waters can be minimized. SOILS Existing development patterns reflect, to some extent, the suitability of the soils to support various land uses without extensive modifications such as public sewers or dewatering systems. Map 2 has been prepared based on soils and their suitability for residential development without major engineering considerations. The factors considered include hazards of flooding, depth to water table, bearing capacity, percolation rate, and slope. It should be noted that the soils with "severe limitations" will, in most cases, present problems for the efficient operation of individual septic systems. Because of high water tables or rapid lateral movement of subsurface waters in these areas, the use of septic tanks and drainage fields provides increased potential of pollution to wells and surface waters. In addition, there is a potential for seasonal flooding of basements. Intensive development in such areas will often lead to increased demands for public sewer and/or water systems to compensate for environmental and health hazards created by failed septic systems. •· By mapping these soils according to their limitations, patterns are identified which make it possible to determine the development potential of specific areas. Although the map is not intended as a substitute for on-site investigation or detailed engineering studies, it does generally define those areas that should be considered as prohibitive to intensive development. nw d:\ms\pllcm-mp 6 89374 �... \ Il - ' ~ \., J, GENERALIZED ENVIRONMENT AL LMTATIONS _ -__ .......... _. ... __ ,.,.....,_"1IIIMIIT _,..... - - ,,_"' 111111 POLKTON TOWNSHIP OTTAWA COUNTY, iliKHGAH ,.,,.M:8 ~ - - ~ G&l.l'IL .11"9~ . . . . of' CDOf9lln'l.1& L8CM. ...., - - cm m ~:, ~ ~-= .,,. .... M ~ ,a ..., !lsvaa Ulllill'Atm• ova 1'I OKI oa • • o, n. _,..._ : ~ - : ~ - - - - lfflMar sousa ltffAh covwn NIL .svwrn. una Map 2 ----~ - ....................r �'·-' .... 1 1 I ' I I__ .-. r • t L..s l,. IIIFORTANT FARMLANDS POLKTON TOW~NSHIP OTTAWA COUNTY ' IIICHQj Map 3 �Map 3 delineates the soils within the Polkton Township that are considered as prime agricultural soils by the United States Department of Agriculture. As can be seen, the majority of the prime soils follow the upland areas of the Township and with some exceptions, generally coincide with the soils that are not severely limiting from a developmental standpoint. As a result, future nonfarm development is likely to compete with farming for suitable land area. VEGETATION The vegetation patterns in Polkton Township quite closely reflects local topography, hydrology, and soils patterns. The rich loamy soils have been cleared and used for farming, while the poorer soils and steep slopes have been left undisturbed. Included in the naturally vegetated, undisturbed portions of the Township are those areas that generally have one or more characteristics such as slope and wemess that make them less than desirable for development purposes. The natural vegetation is quite varied and ranges from ash, willow, and poplar in the lowlands to oak-pine wood lots in rolling, gravelly, sandy soils and beach-maple-hemlock in the loamy to sandy steep slopes and seasonal wetland areas~ Areas of Hawthorne can also be found in some of the idle farmlands that have reverted back to a more natural condition. AIR QUAL17'Y The atmosphere over Polkton, as with all the southwest Michigan, meets all EPA ambient air standards except that set for ozone. Ozone is directly caused by automobile and industrial emissions. The MDNR predicts that southwest Michigan will met ozone standards in a few years. Odors, dust, and airborne pesticide contamination caused by agricultural practices can become an air quality issue, especially where residential land uses abut farmland. Farmers are normally protected by the State of Michigan's "Right to Farm" law; however, conflicts between farm operators and residents can become problematic and should be a valid consideration in the development of the Township's long-range Master Plan. nw d:'ms\pllctn-mp 9 89374 �' _..,; SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS Understanding the people in Polkton Township will help establish the basis for developing the Master Plan. This discussion will review the Township's general population characteristics and trends, its composition, and the basic housing characteristics of the community. ) I f 7· POPULATION A fundamental element of developing a good understanding of the Township and the needs of its residents is the study of population growth and important indicators such as age, education, income, and employment. Such analysis allows decision makers the ability to assess the impacts of changing conditions, and to better formulate solutions to existing and future problems both in terms of supply of services and in formulating the policies for proper land development. I I ' ·" From Table 1, it can be seen that Polkton Township experienced. an increasing growth rate for the period between 1940 and 1960. Between 1960 and 1970, growth continued but due to annexations to the City of Coopersville, the T~wnship lost population. Between 1970 and 1980, growth slowed somewhat; but based on figures provided by the West Michigan Shoreline Regional Development Commission (WMSRDC), the growth rate from 1980 to the present is nearly as rapid as rates experienced prior to 1970. One indicator that can be used to substantiate the estimates of population growth and which provide further support for the conclusion that the Township's growth rate has increased is building permit data. This data indicates that since 1985, approximately 56 new dwelling units have been erected. Based on conversations with Township officials, residential building activity for the years 1980 to 1985 stood at between 5 and 7 new homes each year. Collectively, these increases would represent a total of between 81 and 91 new homes, bringing the total to roughly 720 dwellings. By applying an estimated vacancy rate of 3% and multiplying the estimated number of occupied dwellings by the 1980 average household size of 3.21 persons, an estimated population of 2,242 persons for 1990 can be derived. This estimate is very close to the 1990 estimate supplied by the WMSRDC included in Table 1. r I TABLEl POPULATION GROWl'H Year c~ r . 1940 1950 1960 * 1970 1980 1990(est.) -------Source: 1980 U.S. Census Population 1,572 1,759 2,075 1,962 2,027 2,299 (1940-1990) Numerical Change 187 316 -113 65 272 Percent Change 11.9% 18.0% -5.4% 3.3% 13.4% 1989 Estimates prepared by WMSRDC. • Reflects population loss due to annexations to the City of Coopersville. nw d:'m9'i>lkm-mp 10 89374 �Table 2 compares the past and present population trends of the Township with the other communities within Ottawa County for the same time period. These figures indicate that recent growth in Polkton Township has been among the slower in Ottawa County. ...... , One of the factors that may have influenced the growth rate in the Township is the lack of utilities throughout the Township and the resultant inability of large-scale development to occur without public sewer and water sy~tems. As a result, much of the development which has occurred in the 1970's and 80's has been on large-acre lots in rural settings. I \,, One important factor of the Township's 1980 population that should not be overlooked is its age breakdown. In 1980, 10.1 % of the population was 65 years old or older, 57.7% were aged 18 years to 64 years and over, and 8.4% were under 5 years. For Ottawa County as a whole, these figures were 8.7%, 59.4%, and 8.4%, respectively. In 1980, the median age residents in Polkton was 29.1 years as compared to 27.4 years for the county, and 28.8 years for the State of Michigan. I . '. These figures and other census data reveal that in 1980, Polkton had a population profile that is symptomatic of an aging population in which young people in the family-forming years are moving away. Given the increased amount of building activity within the community in recent years, that trend may have slowed and future population gains are likely to be significantly influenced by in-migration patterns. It is expected that because of overall growth in the Grand Rapids Metropolitan area, future rates of in-migration are likely to exceed out-migration. ' \ HOUSEHOLDS , ,, L ,... In 1980, there were 612 households in Polkton Township. This figure represented an increase of 23% over the 1970 figure. Toe average number of persons per household in 1980 was 3.21, down from 3.8 in 1970. The average number of persqns per household in Polkton remains higher than Ottawa County as a whole (3.04) and consistent with the surrounding Townships with similar rural/agricultural characteristics. ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS Table 3 shows that in 1980 the median household income in Polkton Township was $18,175 as compared to $20,232 for all of Ottawa County. Eight percent (8%) of the Township's population lived on incomes under the poverty level compared to 6% for Ottawa County as a whole. These levels are reflective of the local agricultural based economy of the 1970's. 1985 statistics provided by the U.S. Census show that the per capita income of Polkton Township was $9,552 as compared to $10,397 for Ottawa County. These statistics would indicate that Polkton Township incomes still lags behind most communities in the County. ·~- .,.I OW d:'ma'f,llttn-mp 11 89374 �,... TABLE 2 ,-·· OTTAWA COUNTY r "', ;u·\-,,..,~t.,.:· ~-:...-·\·-: .:'1........ lirt~ij::::; "P-OPULATION GROWTH COM P"ARISO NS 1t-%it11t·:;r' :• ·"" . . \ ,....., I; '~ i , ·~, '' t _1 I 1980-90 1970-80 CITY & VILLAGE Coopersville Ferrysburg Grand Haven Holland* Hudsonville Zeeland Spring Lake Percent est• Change 1990 Percent Change 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1,083 1,371 1,584 8,799 14,616 837 3,007 1,329 9,536 15,858 1,101 3,075 1,824 11,066 22,140 2,649 3,702 2,063 2,129 2,196 11,844 22,991 3,523 4,734 3,034 2,889 2,440 11,763 21,767 4,844 4,764 2,731 36% 11% -.7% -5% 37% .6% -10% 3,185 2,836 13,353 26,046 6,132 5,463 3,026 10.2 16.2 13.5 19.6 26.6 14.6 10.8 1,572 1,377 1,709 1,243 1,412 2,592 1,185 4,913 1,928 1,304 1,974 416 1,041 2,063 1,728 1,653 1,879 1,759 1,663 1,849 1,343 1,763 3,990 1,997 6,224 2,049 1,460 3,295 473 1,281 3,700 2,240 2,139 2,194 2,075 2,238 2,237 1,492 2,402 7,989 3,479 6,498 2,258 1,755 4,043 750 1,618 5,953 3,243 2,507 2,655 1,962 3,554 2,927 1,786 2,861 17,615 5,489 8,455 2,926 2,072 6,461 1,078 2,051 4,979 4,883 2,983 2,934 2,027 6,080 3,763 2,034 3,536 26,104 7,238 13,739 3,546 2,449 10,354 2,206 3,018 6,857 5,927 3,387 3,711 3% 71% 29% 14% 24% 48% 32% 62% 21% 18% 60% 104% 47% 38% 21% 14% 26% 2,299 7,307 4,602 2,173 3,941 31,180 8,651 16,618 4,290 2,919 12,227 2,841 3,773 8,011 6,525 3,795 4,319 13.4 20.1 22.3 6.8 11.4 19.4 19.5 20.9 21.0 19.2 18.1 28.8 25.0 16.8 10.1 12.0 16.4 59,660 73,751 98,719 128,181 157,174 22% 178,356 18.0 1 t • .i .. 1~ TOWNSHIP** Polkton Allendale Blendon Chester Crockery Georgetown Grand Haven Holland Jamestown Olive Park Port Sheldon Robinson Spring Lake Tallmadge Wright Zeeland TOTAL COUNTY • Onawa County Only ••Township totals do not include city or village totals Source: U.S. Census & W .M.S.R.D.C. gscfldtarts\p<>pchart2 12 89374 �Table 3 Polkton Township 1980 Income and Poverty Comparisons ] Polkton Twp 612 $18,175 546 $19,031 8% 787 $20,270 9% ,i-----------4-----+------+----~~----+--------1 l ; ~J Coopersville $18,387 963 ·--------+-----+------+------1-----t-------, ': ) l Allendale Twp 1661 $17,525 1274 $20,154 15% Crockery Twp 1149 $16,800 974 $17,562 7% Wright Twp 913 $18,500 791 $20,318 17% Tallmadge Twp no $21,937 1563 $23,653 5% Ottawa Twp 50449 $20,232 41356 $22,059 6% 1--------+-----+------+--------4-----+------i ' ,-.1 LI ,l ~ - I •. nw d:'ms\plktn-mp 13 89374 �OCCUPATIONS > j l \ Polkton Township has a diverse occupational profile t,hat reflects the fact that relatively few employment opportunities exist within the Township itself. This tends to broaden the character of the workforce as many residents must work outside of the Township in a wide variety of jobs. Census data also reveals the average travel time to work for employed persons in the Township is over 20 minutes. This substantiates the obvious conclusions that for persons in the .Township that do not f ~ Polkton is a bedroom community. ,.,., l I ,. ,.._ l L '. i '\ nw d:'ms'i>llttn-mp 14 89374 �I: \ :l • l I. ' t • L r . . ' -, PA-111 FARMLAND - POLKTON TOWNSHIP .ni.,""'!:::cT OTTAWA COUfTY, aac:HUN Map 4 �... . Very little farmland in Polkton goes unused. For the most part, wooded areas are now confined to the areas directly associated with drainage courses where terrain is too steep or soils are poorly drained. Aside from poorly drained or other difficult to cultivate areas, most. of the idle farmland is deliberately left uncultivated for cropland rotation and other soil and farm management purposes. The Township's current zoning ordinance establishes_ an agricultural district to encourage cropland, horticulture, dairy, poultry, and livestock farming, as well as a number of associated agricultural uses. Nonfarm single family uses are not permitted as principal uses and are only approved on a case-by-case basis (special uses) when they are not found to negatively affect large tillable areas of the township. RESIDENTIAL LAND USE In 1980, there were 633 housing units in Polkton Township, all were single family homes. An average of 3.2 persons lived in each unit , I ', l , Single-family homes in Polkton can be categorized into three groups. The first group is farmhouses located on agricultural land. Most of these homes are older, built before 1940. Second, there are non-farm houses built along the Township's rural roads on relatively large parcels of land. The age of these homes is mixed, ranging from old farmhouses that have been converted to non-farm residential uses to modem homes built on land that has been split in more recent years. Finally, there are homes built on smaller land parcels concentrated in areas of higher densities. These areas include the settlement of Eastmanville, areas in the vicinity of the Oeveland Street/88th Avenue, and areas west of Eastmanville along Leonard Street A small resort type mobile home park is located in the southern portion of the Township. I, The age of existing housing units in Polkton Township is shown below. A majority of the units have been built during the period from 1940 to 1970; 32% of the units have been built since 1970. ,. TABLE4 1 HOUSING UNITS L > Year Built Before 1940 1970 *1980 - • * 1940 1969 1980 1990 Age (years) over 50 20-50 10-20 under 10 Number % of Total 279 206 148 87 38.7 28.6 20.5 12.0 Estimates based on recent building permit data. ow d:'ms\plkm•mp 17 89374 �.. - Being that Polkton Township is a rural community, residential uses comprise a relatively small percentage of the total land area (2.5% ). It is estimated that single family homesites occupy approximately 620 acres of land. The Township's only mobile home park occupies approximately 12 acres . i . f ' '- i l. f . l' • Information regarding property splits, supplied by the Ottawa County Property Description and Mapping Department for the period of 1980 to date, is quite revealing with respect to current and future residential development trends. During this period, 164 new parcels of propeny were created. Map 4 illustrates the number of parcel splits that occurred by section in the Township. The highest percentage of new parcels (47%) were created in the band of sections paralleling Leonard Street in the southern portion of the Township. Add to this figure the number of parcels created in the next northerly tier of sections we find that 55% of the splits occurred south of Garfield Street and nearly 78% of the splits occurred south of the State Road/I-96 corridor. These figures illustrate the existing location trend of residential development in the Township as well as foretell of a continuati9n of this trend. Based on residential building activity, it can be assumed that only approximately 50% of the new parcels have been built upon leaving at least 70 to 80 vacant parcels of land of less than 10 acres in size to erect single family homes. It can further be assumed that based on existing residential zoning classifications and the locations of parcel split activity that the vast majority of residential development will occur in the southern one half of the township. The Leonard Street corridor which includes the Grand River and associated varying topography promises to attract the highest number of new residences. f ; i. COMMERCIAL LAND USE At the present time, there is very little commercial acttvity within the boundaries of the Township. However, increased commercialization at the Township's boarders with the City of Coopersville is readily apparent The two major focal points are the I-96/68th Avenue and I96/48th Avenue interchanges. It is likely that some pressure to commercially develop Township land in these areas will increase. The Township currently provides commercial zoning along State Road west of Coopersville and at the I-96/48th intersection. This locality presently supports a propane fuel distributor. Commercial zoning is also in place in the southern portion of the Township to accommodate the existing resort oriented mobile home park. INDUSTRIAL LAND USE • There are at least four uses located at the I-96/68th avenue interchange area which can be classified as industrial. The most significant of these are an asphalt plant, a wood products enterprise, and a sanitary landfill. Collectively, these uses occupy approximately 100 acres of land with the landfill being by far the most prominent and the largest consumer of land. nw d:'ms\pllctn-mp 18 89374 �I". j' l • , I i... ( . .. 31 r ----·-·--t--~,_:;.........__,_-!---'-~""'°!!..!!.. "'· -+-I- ~ 8 52 I i .- -___ __ . ..._ - , 1HIIII~_,..- _......, .... _YC.a._... M:a .... .. --.ta ... -~~ - Clff w coo.....U UICM. . . . POLKTON TOWNSHIP ~ OTTAWA CCUfTY , .:HUN PARCELS CREATED BY SECTION 1980 -1990 Map 5 �PUBLIC AND SEMI-PUBLIC LAND USE . ;' ; Public and semi-public uses include land and facilities available for use by the general public or specific interest groups. Included are schools, churches, cemeteries, Township facilities, and public parks. The largest public facility in the Township is the County Farm. It consists of nearly 220 acres. Other major public/semi-public uses include Deer Creek park (4.5 acres) and the Township Hall and Fire Barn. Several churches are located in the Township. Collectively, it is estimated that public and semipublic uses comprise over 245 acres of land. i I ,-1 nw d:'cns'i>Uctn-mp 20 89374 �.... - .. ~ I .. ~--·• '. ,.. . _ - ......_ ., • . .._ ,--·~ ' i'... f~. . - ; ~--,•--.---: Yabl . . ; J Polkton Township Property Value Major Class Comparisons Classifications #of Parcels Cash Value -- %of Equal. Value #of Parcels Cash Value %of Equal. Value # of Parcels Cash Value %of .E9_ual. Value Real Property 430 23 0 592 8 26,889,017 1,816,132 0 25,675,458 421,000 47.4 3.25 0 45.3 .76 430 26 0 624 8 26,972,564 1,819,667 0 28,876,737 418,100 43.76 2.99 0 46.96 .69 425 28 0 632 10 25,519,871 2,115,612 0 32,248,909 422,075 40.42 3.42 0 50.65 .67 1053 $54,801,607 96.72 1088 $ 58,087,068 94.40 1095 $ 60,306,467 95.16 Agriculture Commercial Industrial Residential Utility 0 19 0 0 4 0 716,110 0 0 554,090 0 1.29 0 0 1.19 0 20 0 0 4 0 2,099,674 0 0 1,303,366 0 3.45 0 0 2.15 0 21 0 0 4 0 1,602,868 0 0 1,431,868 0 2.56 0 0 2.28 Total Personal 23 $912,145 3.28 24 $3,403,040 5.60 25 $3,034,736 4.84 Total Real and Personal 1076 $ 56,625,897 100 $61,490,108 100 1120 $63,341,203 100 Agriculture Commercial Industrial Residential Developmental Total Real . ) Personal Property Source: Ottawa County Equalization Reports: 1987-1989 I 1112 I :,_ · ·:-- > .I �. ,,,. ~,. .., r .......... _.. J - Table - , ; " ---- ...... Recent Polkton Township Development Activity a E "" a -6' I Polkton Township Building Permit Activity 19.65 198.6 19.BZ 19.68. 1989 Imitl 13 0 56 0 2 0 1 6 14 Single Family Homes Churches Industrial Buildings Banks or Offices 7 0 0 0 3 19 0 0 0 1 1 0 14 0 1 1 Other Non-Residential Buildings 0 0 5 3 N N Parcel Splits Number of New Parcels Created 1980-1990 (pt) !I ,---..L. ... 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Total 17 24 8 5 15 19 13 36 7 15 5 164 1 ~-;7 - .... i I •• J �COMMUNITY FACILITIES The Township's community facilities are those which provide tangible services to the residents. A well rounded set of services is necessary to meet the needs of a growing community like Polkton Township. The services provided are discussed briefly below: Township Offices - The Township Hall is located at 6900 Arthur Drive in Coopersville. The building, erected in 1980, consists of a fire barn housing the three fire vehicles, a meeting room, two offices, and a restroom. The Hall provides meeting space for various Township committees. Elections are also held in the fire barn portion of the building. Space is currently adequate for Township needs, given the present part-time nature of office hours. I l l ~ I> ., Fire Service - The Township maintains a joint, all-volunteer fire department with the City of Coopersville. The fire barn at the Township Hall is the only site in the Township that houses fire vehicles. Public Safety - General police protection is provided by the Ottawa County Sheriffs Department. While the Township does not formally contract with Ottawa County for police protection, the County assigns one patrol person per twenty-four hours to an area that includes Polkton, Chester, Tallmadge and Wright Townships. Library - The Coopersville District Library is located at 333 Ottawa in Coopersville. Polkton Township levies financial support for this library, and elects members to the library's board. The library is part of the Lakeland Library Cooperative. Cemeteries - The Coopersville Polkton Cemetery is located on Cleveland Road, partially within the city limits of Coopersville. The Cemetery is maintained jointly by Polkton Township and the City of Coopersville. A second Polkton Township cemetery is located in Eastmanville. Educational Facilities - All of Polkton Township is located in the Coopersville School District which serves seven townships plus the City of Coopersville. The district maintains all instructional facilities at a main campus at 198 East Street in Coopersville. Besides Senior High and Junior High buildings, two elementary buildings are located on the site; one new elementary school building with seventeen classrooms was constructed in 1989. Coopersville schools have experienced an 18.25% increase in enrollment over the last ten years, bringing this year's total enrollment for K-12 grades plus Community Education to 2,556 students. Growth in the schools can be described as slow but steady, and current facilities are adequate for the next six to ten years. As the large numbers of students now in third and fourth grades reach high school age, facilities at that level will have to be re-evaluated. Also within the Township, Lamont Christian School and St Michaels Catholic Church provide private elementary schools for grades K-6. St Michaels parochial school is located on 88th Avenue in Dennison. The Lamont Christian school is located on Leonard Street near the east boundary of the Township nw d:'ms'plltln-mp 23 89374 �I ' . Public Utilities .,. Potential Systems - At the present time, there are no areas of Polkton Township that are served by public water or sewer utilities. Following is a brief discussion of current efforts and future considerations with regard to the provision of these facilities within portions of Polkton Township. Public Water ' ,.. ' J The City of Coopersville provides a water distribution system that consists of over 12 miles of watermain. All of these watermains are within the boundaries of the City and generally .are not presently within easy reach of adjacent property located within Polkton T<?wnship. This system's water supply is provided via a six-mile long connection with the City of Grand Rapids' water system. The connection consists of a 16-inch transmission line extending southward along 60th Avenue to a primary transmission line extending along M-45 in Allendale Township. Although the transmission line serving Coopersville passes through the Township, there are presently no service agreements between the Cities of Grand Rapids or Coopersville which enables Polkton Township to utilize the system. The Township is currently participating with Tallmadge Township in exploring the feasibility and desirability of pursuing watermain extensions to serve the Eastmanville and Lamont areas of Leonard Street The extensions would be intended to improve domestic water quality for residents in the Eastmanville area who, in some cases, have experienced problems with high mineral content in their private wells. In the Lamont area of Ta11madge Township, the more serious problem of high nitrates in private well water would be alleviated. At ·this point, decisions have yet to be made as to whether to proceed with this project Assuming that a design is selected and system costs are acceptable to residents, an increase in the water flow within the 60th Avenue transmission line would have to be made. Service agreements between the Township and the City of Grand Rapids would also have to be executed. Similar considerations would be necessary if areas of Polkton Township situated on the outskirts of Coopersville were to be served by the Coopersville water distribution system. Public Sewer A public sewage collection and treatment system serves the City of Coopersville. The lagoon treatment facility for this system is located in Polkton Township on the south side of I-96, west of 48th Avenue in Section 25. This facility has been recently expanded to serve the expected needs of the City for a period extending to the year 2000. No service agreements between the City and Polkton Township currently exist. Such agreements would have to be negotiated before areas of the Township could be served and both short and long range collection and treatment capacity modifications would be required to satisfy expanded service areas. nw d:\ms'lplkln-mp 24 89374 �No formal discussions between the City of Coopersville and the Township have taken place on this issue in recent years. Because of the apparent availability of substantial amounts of developable land within the City, provision of sanitary sewer service in support of intensive development within Polkton Township does not appear warranted at this time or for the near future. •It is suggested, however, that the City and Polkton Township should cooperate to ensure that long range (10 to 15 years) sewage collection and treatment facility plans ultimately reflect an expanded service area that includes the logical and timely extension of sewer services into those portions of Polkton Township that are immediately adjacent to the City. Transportation Facilities - The street system forms the most basic framework for growth and development of a community. By providing a means for internal and external circulation, it serves the community by helping shape the intensity of land use. Thus, this costly and longlasting element becomes one of the most dynamic forces of the community. I - .. i ' ( i' , I' The street system serving Polkton Township can be classified as follows (Refer to Map 6 on page 27): Controlled Access Arterials - These facilities (I-96) perform little or no land service function but instead are devoted entirely to the task of traffic movement by providing for large volumes of traffic at relatively -high speeds. It is characterized by limited access, multi-lane, divided highways. Major Rural Arterials (inter-county) - This class of street serves major movements of traffic within or through the area. Mainly designed to move traffic, the secondary function is to provide land service. This class of street typically interconnects major state arterial highways. There are 2.8 miles of this type of roadway in Polkton Township (56th Avenue). Minor Rural Arterials (county primary) - This class of street primarily serves local or shorter distance traffic and provides a limited degree of continuity. Their principal function is providing local access to major arterials. , I t ' ' Collector Streets - These streets provide internal traffic movement within specific areas and connect those areas with the major and minor arterial system. Generally, they are not continuous for great length. The rural collector street is intended to supply abutting property with the same degree of access as a local street, while at the same time carrying the "collected" traffic of local streets. Traffic control devices may be installed to protect and facilitate movement of traffic; however, these devices would not be as elaborate as those on arterial streets. In rural areas like Polkton Township, rural collectors typically represent the highest percentage of street miles. Within Polkton there are currently 12 miles of paved collector streets and 48 miles of gravel surface collectors. Local Feeder Streets - The sole function of these streets is to provide access to immediately adjacent property. nw d:'ms"i>Uctn-mp 25 89374 �,~...., i I; 'I • \ I In developed areas, they make up the major percentage of the streets of the community, but carry a small proportion of the vehicle-miles of travel In Polkton Township there are only approximately four miles of local feeder streets. Polkton is generally well served by its system of roadways and they operate at high levels of service. The following map illustrates the road network by the various functional classifications described above. The major and minor arterials illustrated are classified by the Ottawa County Road Commission as primary roads. The Road Commission has total responsibility for maintaining and making improvements to these roads. The collectors and local feeder streets are classified as local roads by the Road Commission, and the responsibility for making improvements to these streets is primarily that of the Township. The Township currently levies 2 mils for road improvements. These funds are used for general maintenance items such as dust control and graveling as well as the upgrading of gravel roads to hard surface. It is the informal goal of the Township Board to achieve having a hard surfaced road within one mile of each Township resident. The Township establishes its road maintenance and improvements schedule on an annual basis. The current millage used for local road improvements is scheduled to expire in 1993. At the present time there are approximately 50 miles of unpaved collector streets in the Township and many are likely to remain in this state for an extended period of time. Because these roads are not designed to efficiently handle traffic volumes that exceed 100 vehicles per day, a land use plan which attempts to avoid placing additional burden on these roads is an important consideration. Most of the streets_that are paved have been maintained in good to excellent condition. While traffic volumes on many of these streets have increased in the past and can be expected to increase in the future, all of the streets are operating at high levels of service. Only the most heavily traveled roads experience volumes estimated to approach 4,000 vehicles per day. With design capacities that range from 8,000 to 10,000 vehicles per day, it is expected that traffic volumes on most road segments will remain within design limitations throughout the 20-year planning period. Where problems do arise, relatively minor intersection improvements such as four-way stops, left-tum lanes, and deceleration lanes can be expected to adequately address deficiencies. nw d:'ms\pllttn-mp 26 89374 �. ' ) . .t.lllllill. • • FRU11'4Y .umR14L POLKTON TOWNSHIP ■-- IU..rOR RUJW. ARTZRl~IIITU COUNTY) MINOR Rua4.L .um:aw.(COI/IITY PllllWIY) 1111111111111 Rua4.L COLLIICTOR(P4VID) - ~ OTTAWA CCUlf1"Y . a:tlUN Rua4.L COLLIICTOR(UIIPAVSD) •••••••• LOCAL r&ID&a S'T1lDT STREET CLASSFICATION . Map 6 �RECREATION 'I' • J ·) I • ''H '.' I • While Polkton Township maintains no recreational facilities independently, it is a participant in the Coopersville area Recreation Advisory Commission. This Commission was created in 1985 to coordinate the organization of recreational facilities between the City of Coopersville and the Coopersville Area Public Schools. An important concept of the Commission is that the schools will be the principal provider of recreational facilities and programs for the area within the City and school ~strict. Programs are administered by the Community Education Department The 100-acre central campus for the Coopersville Area Public Schools provides the majority of recreational facilities for Polkton Township. The Junior and Senior High Buildings each contain a full size gymnasium, and the elementary and community education buildings contain a total of three multi-purpose rooms. The Senior High School also has an auditorium. Also found on campus are two playgrounds, one hard-ball diamond with a second being restored, two softball diamonds, six tennis courts, a football field, several practice fields, a nature cent~ with a pond, cross-country ski-ttails, and a trail system soon to be improved as a fitness trail with asphalt paving. The City of Coopersville maintains two City Parks. Deer Creek Park is located on 35 acres of woodlot along Deer Creek which flows through the center of the City. Facilities include a lighted softball field, two lighted tennis courts, one basketball court, picnic area, playground equipment, playfield, and restrooms. Veterans Memorial Park is located on 17.5 acres of Randall Street. The park contains two little league ballfields and a picnic area. Within the Township, Ottawa County maintains Deer Creek County Park. It is located where Deer Creek empties into the Grand River between Eastmanville and Lamont. This four-acre park contains a ball diamond, two tennis courts, a basketball court, play equipment, picnic area, play fields, restrooms, and Grand River access for small boats. .. . Semi-public recreation facilities available to Township residents include indoor basketball and multi-purpose rooms at Church of the Savior, Coopersville Reformed Church, and Coopersville Christian Reformed Church. A ball diamond is located at the Coopersville Reformed Church. The Coopersville Seaville Swim Oub is a private organization that provides an outdoor seasonal swim program through community recreation programs. nw d:'ms\plktn-mp 28 89374 �PLANNING ANALYSIS 1- This section of the plan examines the various components which have previously been described and undertakes an analysis of planning indictors and growth trends. This analysis will provide a more complete understanding on how the Township has developed and with this knowledge the goals and objectives for future development can be established. 1 I ' By looking at population projections, the existing land use mix, and basic planning assumptions, the guidelines for determining the various land use needs can be determined. Through this process, the Township Board and the Planning Commission will know if it is reasonable to accommodate development of several thousand acres or a few hundred acres for a specific type of land use. POPULATION PROJECTIONS ·, By their very nature, population projections are only refined estimates of what the future might hold. It is clearly impossible to forecast the end result of untold individual and public decisions. Assumptions must be based on sound judgement and historical information. By necessity, they must be tempered by local opinions or they will certainly be unreasonable. There are numerous methods of estimating future populations growth of a community; some are: (1) the cohort survival method, (2) average percentage growth rate, (3) average numerical growth rate, and (4) geometric progression. Any of these methods could be utilized depending on the available background information required. WMSRDC has developed projections for each of the minor civil divisions in Ottawa County. Those projections are an average of two methods. The first is a proportional method based upon the percentage of county population at each civil division represented during the period of 1977 through 1986. The second approach is based on historical growth rate from 1970 to 1986. The Regional Planning Commission estimates are illustrated on Table 7. RESIDENTIAL LAND NEEDS With an expected population increase of nearly 400 persons or 130 new homes (at three persons per home), an estimated quantity of land area needed to accommodate this growth can be determined by making a few assumptions. First of all, because public sanitary sewer is necessary to support multi-family developments, and high concentrations of certain types of single family developments and the provisions of sanitary sewer is not foreseen to occur within at least the first five to ten years of the planning periods, it can be assumed that the vast majority of the 130 dwellings will be low density single family detached units. Given a predominance of single family detached homes, it can be assumed that the average lot size for each future dwelling unit will be between one half acre to one acre. This assumption is based on several considerations: nw d:'ms\pllcm-mp 29 89374 �I Table 7 • OTTAWA COUNTY 1980 - 2010 :£:'.;,: ¢,: : ~:: Pu,:, P_,: }K:: tt :1:::,c>.LZ19'. , ,: :· : e:: i (:.:o: : I ?J~L:: ~.: =tr.:' .'.r 'b _. · ·N_:-• smSl!t@Jl'.1.fT] CITY & VILLAGE ,-. Coopersville Ferrysburg ;·,- Grand Haven i Holland* (Region 14) L~... Hudsonville ,... Zeeland I. , , Spring Lake 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2,889 2,440 11,763 21,767 4,844 4,764 2,731 3,185 2,836 13,353 26,046 6,132 5,463 3,026 3,460 2,899 13,953 27,234 6,861 5,706 3,117 3,727 3,048 14,489 28,293 7,614 5,924 3,196 3,985 3,184 14,969 29,242 8,388 6,121 3,266 4,232 3,309 15,401 30,091 9,179 6,300 3,334 . 2',4]'3/;: ::) \ ' 2;515 9,437 5,542 2,398 4,504 38,392 10,411 19,637 5,085 3,414 15,253 4,141 4,803 9,633 7,415 4,256 5,065 2;607 10,621 6,010 2,496 4,760 42,120 11,286 21,083 5,468 3,648 16,848 4,986 5,362 10,438 7,816 4,459 5,419 2,691 11,886 6,470 2,584 4,999 45,900 12,149 22,486 5,840 3,871 18,488 5,993 5,947 11,233 8,188 4,646 5,756 218,192 234,582 250,972 .. f- : i•. ' , 1 _ Blendon Chester Crockery eorgetown Grand Haven Holland Jamestown Olive Park Port Sheldon Robinson Spring Lake Tallmadge Wright Zeeland 2'tP27!':'?:t :: : I: 7;ig9)< 6,080 7,307 4,602 3,763 2,034 2,173 3,536 3,941 26,104 31,180 7,238 8,651 13,739 16,618 3,546 4,290 2,449 2,919 10,354 12,227 2,206 2,841 3,018 3,773 6,857 8,011 5,927 6,525 3,387 3,795 3,711 4,319 8,333 5,071 2,291 4,231 34,741 9,532 18,140 4,691 3,170 13,712 3,434 4,274 8,822 6,985 4,035 4,697 ..' COUNTY TOTAL • 157,174 201,802 185,412 Source: West Michigan Shoreline Regional Development Commision, 1988 30 89374 �1. The cmrent minimum lot size in the agricultural zoning district is one acre. Although some development will occur under such regulations, because of strict zoning limitations, only a relative small percentage of the total number of new dwellings will occupy such parcels. 2. Much of the land area of Polkton Township has soils that are unsuitable for on-site septic systems. As a result, lots and parcel sizes larger than the 15,000 square feet presently required in the residential districts are needed to safely provide for private septic systems. This most likely has resulted in the past trend for virtually no subdivision platting activity and minimal unplatted land divisions consisting of parcels in the range of one half to one acre in size. ' I l - ~ I ' - Based on the above assumptions, the range in the amount of land needed to accommodate the projected number of new homes can be determined as follows: . -, I 130 x 0.5 acres = 65 acres 130 x 1 acre= 130 acres Thus without the provisions of the public utilities or other forms of collective sewage treatment to allow higher densities in a more compact residential land use pattern, a minimum of 130 acres of land will be needed. Based on the amount of vacant lan~ that is presently available in the Township, it appears that there is sufficient land available to handle this projected growth, in a fairly dispersed fashion. Because future growth trends cannot be totally predicte~ it is advisable to rely on the higher figure for planning purpo~s. ' . It becomes apparent that if a more compact residential pattern of growth is to be achieved, the majority of growth should be directed toward areas having soils capable of supporting the higher densities or in the alternative, the provision of a public water and/or sewer system in at least a portion of the Township. If provid~ public water and sewer could be used by the Township to direct future growth and development in a much more systematic and concise pattern. I•• i i - ' I COMMERCIAL LAND NEEDS 'i' Because the two I-96 interchanges shared by the Township and Coopersville are expected to be attractive to businesses desiring good access for an expanded regional market and/or high visibility for high volumes of through traffic, it is suggested that 20 to 30 acres of land in these areas could be allocated for eventual commercial development. It is also suggested that between 5 and 10 acres of Neighborhood Commercial land could be identified in other areas of the Township to accommodate the convenience needs of residents. Such allocations would be sufficient to suppon a variety of small commercial lots as well as a large neighborhood or community oriented service center. It is not anticipated that a major shopping center will be located in Polkton Township within the planing period since areas of Coopersville appear much more desirable. nw d:\ms\plkm-mp - -- - - -- --- --- -- --- 31 89374 �,, INDUSTRIAL LAND NEEDS Based on existing trends and exisnng population increase within the Township and the surrounding communities and given the fact that industrial facilities require good highway access. I-96/68th interchange area could be expected to be an attraction for industrial growth. However, because of the present lack of utilities, the Township does not have an abundance of raw land suitable for intensive industrial uses. It is therefore recommended that the land use plan identify areas that could potentially be developed at relatively low intensities of industrial use. Should utilities become available, the amount of land allocated for eventual industrial use could be increased. PARKS AND RECREATION The following standards for parks provide some guidance that would determine the future recreational needs for Polkton Township residents: Type Acres Needed/100 Population 0.5 Mini-park (specialized facilities that serve a limited population or groups such as the elderly or small children). 2.0 Neighborhood playground (tot-lot, swings, field and court game area, picnicking, ball fields, wading pools, toilet facilities, etc.) 3.0-8.0 Community park/playfield (athletic field. area of court games, swimming pools, etc.) Total 10.5 acres per 1000 people --------Source: Recreation Parle and Open Space Standards and Guidelines - National Recreation and Park Association (1983). Based upon the current estimate of nearly 2,300 people, approximately 24 acres of recreational land is needed to satisfy the above recreational standards. At the present time, there is no park land within the Township that can be classified in the three categories of mini-park, neighborhood playgrounds, or community park/playfield facilities. The 24.0 acres therefore represents a current shortfall. With a 2010 projected population of approximately 2,691 people, 27 acres of park land will be needed to satisfy the national standard. It should be noted that these standards are based on national averages and Polkton Township should use these standards only as guidelines. However, in light of the above comparison to national recreational standards, it is suggested that the Township seriously consider the need to provide additional recreational facilities within the Township. nw d:'ms~lktn-mp 32 89374 �.PLAN FORMULATION r • It is apparent that in many ways, Polkton Township is inextricably linked to the City of Coopersville and the nearby Grand Rapids metropolitan area. To a somewhat lesser degree, the tri-cities area of Spring Lake, Ferrysburg, and Grand Haven are also important factors in the comm.unity's long-term development. The linkages that exist include inter-relationships between land use, recreation, shopping, employment, transportation, and at least in the foreseeable future, solid waste disposal. Development of the Township has been and will continue to be greatly influenced by these various relationships. The Township, therefore, cannot plan for its future development in complete isolation of the needs and growth trends of the balance of the area. With the acceptance of this interdependence, however, the Township also recognizes and values the fact that it is a separate and unique community and is obligated to plan for its future in accordance with the needs and desires of its residents. GOALS AND POUCIES Planning goals are statements_that express the comm.unity's long-range desires and serve to provide direction for related planning activities. Based on previous analysis of the community, each goal's accompanying policies reflect the general strategy that the community will pursue to attain its goals. The following set of goals and policy statements have been developed for use in shaping the Polkton Township Master Plan, and are in response to many of the development issues that either exist or will come into play in the future development of the Township. Goal #1: The Environment To insure that new development takes place in an environmentally consistent and sound manner and that the potential for flood hazard, soil erosion, disturbances to the natural drainage network and surface and groundwater contamination are minimized, thereby protecting natural resources and preserving scenic and environmental quality, as well as minimizing the public burden. Policies • Implement zoning and related development review tools that encourage approaches to land development that take natural features such soils, topography, steep slopes, hydrology, and natural vegetation into account in the process of site design. • Participate in regional and state-wide programs to monitor the quality of surface and groundwater. • Encourage soil conservation practices and the wise use of fertilizers and pesticides. nw d."'ms'i>llon-mp 33 89374 �Agriculture Goal#2: To preserve the agricultural economic ba_se of the Township. Policies • Support the Farmland and Open Space Preservation Act. P.A. 116 of 1974, by encouraging and approving preservation agreements by area farmers that are consistent with the land use plan. • Through zoning, restrict non-farm development in areas consisting primarily of prime farmland. ~- • Through zoning regulations and utility extension policies, cause lands which are less suitable for agriculture use to be more attractive to develop than prime agricultural land, thereby encouraging the majority of development to occur in areas less suitable for agriculture. Goal #3: Balanced, Orderly Growth Maintain a predominantly agricultural and low density residential pattern of development as a means of perpetuating the rural/agricultural character found in most areas of the Township while accommodating other forms and intensities of land use in appropriate locations. Policies • Discourage strip development patterns which limit access to interior parcels and lead to unnecessary traffic hazards. • Establish density standards that are consistent with the natural capacity of soils to handle on-site septic systems and which promote the preservation of the Township's rural and agrarian qualities. • Encourage the highest concentrations of development to occur in locations where there are existing public utilities and where future public utilities and services can be most economically and efficiently provided, when they are needed. • Protect natural elements which contribute to the overall aesthetic qualities of the Township such as trees, wildlife, the natural lay of the land, green spaces, wetlands, and open views. • Encourage the preservation of farmhouses, barns, fence styles, and other architectural and landscaping forms which symbolize the Township's agricultural heritage. • Foster quiet. family-oriented neighborhoods. nw d:'ms\plktn-mp 34 89374 �Goal#4: Commercial Development Provide for the basic service and shopping needs of the Township's residents by directing commercial development to take place in suitable areas but in a manner which limits commercial strip development, minimizes conflicts with surrounding land uses and prevents unnecessary conflicts with the movement of traffic along streets and highways. Policies • Limit commercial development to a few concentrated areas, rather than allow strip development. • Discourage commercial development in areas that would lead to the need for public utilities and services that cannot be economically and efficiently provided in the foreseeable future. • Encourage the shared use of commercial driveways and limit the number of spacing of driveways. Promote uncongested commercial thoroughfares by encouraging the sharing of commercial drives and increasing the spacing distance between such drives. • Promote high quality commercial development through local site plan reviews. Goal#S: Industrial Development Provide for limited light industrial development in areas that are easily accessible· by major transportation facilities. Policies • Establish and reserve suitable land for future industrial purposes. • Promote the development of industrial plats rather than piece-meal single lot development. • Promote high quality industrial development through local site plan review. Goal#6: Economic Development To increase the tax base of the Township and the availability of jobs within the community, thereby increasing the ability of the Township to provide services, bettering the economic well being of residents and improving the overall quality of life in the area. Policies • Protect the agricultural economic base by minimizing farm versus non-farm conflicts. • Accommodate limited, high quality commercial development • Accommodate limited, high quality industrial development. ow d:'ms'-plk1n-mp 35 89374 �Land Use Conflicts Goal#7: Discourage and avoid conflicts between incompatible land uses. Policies • Prevent the wide scale scattering of intensive and high density non-farm land uses in the rural country-side. • In areas of higher density, provide for the separation between conflicting land used by designating suitable transitional districts or requiring greenbelt or buffer areas. Roads Goal#8: To maximize the efficiency, safety, and ease of maintenance of the road system. Make provisions for road improvements that will promote growth in a ~ay that is consistent with adopted goals and policies relating to land use. Policies • Limit the number of driveways along major highway arterials by encouraging the shared u_se of driveways by commercial establishments through site plan review. • Encourage clustered development. • Adopt subdivision regulations in support of land use goals. • Where non-farm development is appropriate, encourage the integrated development of a public and private local streets network to avoid strip development along collectors and to foster the development of land internal to section lines; adopt minimum standards for private streets. • Systematically improve Township roads giving priority to roads in areas intended to support the highest concentrations of development. GOAL#9: Housing To provide a wide range of housing opportunities within the Township. Policies • Provide the construction of single family homes, placement of contemporary quality mobile homes and construction of multiple family housing in appropriate locations and at acceptable densities. Special attention should be given to the needs of senior citizens, young couples and low/moderate income households. • Encourage the maintenance and preservation of the existing housing stock through code enforcement and _through participation in State and Federal housing rehabilitation programs. nw d:\ms\pllctn-mp 36 89374 �GOAL #10: Public Facilities and Services Including Recreation, Police and Fire Protection, and Transportation F acuities. Policies • Maintain a close, cooperative relationship with the Ottawa County Sheriff Department to ensure adequate police protection. • Maintain the Township's voluntary fire department • Develop active outdoor recreation facilities to meet the needs of existing and future residents. • Require residential developers to set aside suitable pockets of land for parks and road easements. PLAN CONCEPTS The goals and policies previously outlined. and analysis of the Township's physical, social, and economic makeup have allowed the formulation. of four broad concepts that will be used in the development of a long-range plan. These include: • While the Township recognizes the need to accommodate future growth and development, it is not the desire or goal of the Township to encourage development for the sake of development alone. • In recognition of the current general lack of public utilities and only modest levels of other public services and facilities, the natural capabilities of the land to support development along with the services and facilities that can be provided by and shared by the City of Coopersville must comprise the primary building blocks on which future development will be based. • Polkton Township is blessed with irreplaceable natural resources and amenities which combine to give it a desirable rural character. The Township recognizes that the loss of such attributes as prime farmland are losses not only to local residents but to the region, state, and to future generations. It is therefore the intent of Polkton Township to promote the preservation of farmland by directing future growth and land uses considered incompatible with agricultural practices to those areas of the Township considered to have a higher suitability for such uses. • There is a strong desire on the part of residents to preserve the Township's rural character and to promote agricultural preservation. In addition, growth trends and population projections indicate that there will not be sufficient pressure during the foreseeable future to warrant large scale development of the Township. It is therefore appropriate to determine development priorities for the various lands within the community. The staging of development will promote more orderly and concentrated development versus expensive sprawl development. nw d:'«ns\pilttn-mp 37 89374 �I FUTURE LAND USE PLAN I I This chapter contains descriptions and recommendations for future land use in Polkton Township. These recommendations will provide overall framework for the management of growth and resources and the regulation of future development to a large degree these planning recommendations will serve as the basis for evaluating individual zoning requests as to their appropriateness in achieving community goals. .. t The future land use program is general in scope. It is not always intended to establish precise boundaries of land use categories or exact locations of individual future uses. It is also important to note that there is no precise schedule to implement many of the recommendations contained here. Inste~ the timing of rezoning to accommodate a particular land use should be dependent upon factors such as availability of public utilities, provisions for adequate roadways, effect on public services, and the demand for 1a particular land use versus the available land presently zoned for this use. A general description the various land use recommendations is described in this section. These recommendations are best illustrated on the future land use map found inside this document. As background information to the planning process, the following narrative provides an explanation of the relationship of land use planning to zoning. THE RELATIONSIIlP OF PLANNING TO ZONING '. , .. The relationship between land use planning and zoning is an important one. Planning is basically the act of planning the uses of land within a comm.unity for the future while zoning is the act of regulating the use of these lands by ordinance. The laws of the State of Michigan require that a community engage in land use planning activities, including the preparation of a comprehensive plan, prior to the initiation of zoning ordinance within the community. Because communities are dynamic in nature and the pace of growth is not always foreseeable the periodic updating of a comm.unity's comprehensive plan is a necessity in order to make the plan and its zoning ordinance realistic and in tune with ever-changing demands of modem day society. In order to provide a better understanding of the terms of planning and zoning, the following definitions are provided: LAND USE PLANNING "Land use planning" may be defined as the process of guiding the future growth and development of a community. Generally a document known as the Comprehensive Plan or Master Plan is prepared which addresses the various factors relating to the growth of a community. Through the process of land use planning, it is intended that a community can preserve, promote, protect and improve the public health, safety and general welfare. Additional considerations include: comfort; good order, appearance; convenience; law enforcement and fire nw d:'ms\plkm-mp 38 89374 I I �, .. protection; prevention of the overcrowding of land; avoidance of undue concentration of population; facilitation of adequate and efficient provision of transportation, water, sewage requirements and services; and conservation, development, utilization and protection of natural resources within the community. ZONING •~, The process of partitioning a community into districts each of which permits certain uses of land for the purpose of conserving and promoting the health, safety, convenience and general .velfare of the people within the community. A zoning ordinance is often adopted which contains regulations controlling land uses, densities, building heights and bulk, lot sizes, yard and open spaces, setbacks and accessory uses. A zoning ordinance consists of two distinct parts: a written text and a district map. The text sets forth the purposes, uses and district regulations for each district and the standards for special land uses and the administration of the ordinance. The map denotes a specific zoning district for every parcel of land within the community. Zoning is one instrument, along with capital improvements programming and the administration of local subdivision regulations, which implements the goals and policies of the comprehensive plan. The enactment and administration of the zoning ordinances are legislative and administrative processes conducted by local units of government relating to the implementation of the goals and policies of the Master Plan. DEVELOPMENT STAGING The demand for additional developable land and demands for utilities and other public services go hand in hand. Because of this, a major objective of the Master Plan is to direct development into the areas best able to suppon it and conversely to delineate the areas that are not suited for major development within the planning period. To promote the efficient provision of public services, maintain rural character, and to control sprawl development situations, it is necessary that the highest densities of future development be encouraged to locate within areas that are most capable of being economically served by public utilities and services in the future. To that end, it is imponant that rezonings and the provision of utility services necessary to suppon new development be incremental and based on need and cost feasibility. In consideration of the anticipated practical limits of utility and public services, future highway improvements, existing development patterns, anticipated land needs, and the goal to conserve and preserve certain natural elements, the boundary of the Agricultural Conservation District represents the approximate maximum extent to which urban and suburban types of services and/or development should be considered within the foreseeable future. It is recommended that major developments and/or the extension of public utilities within or in close proximity of this boundary should be avoided until such time that it becomes apparent that growth demands can no longer be met within the other planning districts. By staging development in this manner, nw d:"ffls\plktn-mp 39 89374 �,- growth will be encouraged to occur in a logical progression outward from existing development concentrations. LAND USE CATEGORIES AGRICULTURAL CONSERVATION ; ' ..' As a means of promoting and protecting the majority of the Township's important farmland, the Future Land Use Plan map proposes the designation of an Agricultural Conservation District. This district would encompass over 75% of the Township's land area. Within the planning area, non-farm development would be discouraged and rural land uses such as open space and farming would be promoted. The Agricultural Conservation District contains the majority of soils that have been classified as "prime agricultural" soils by the U.S.D.A and also contains the majority of land that is presently I enrolled in the P.A. 116, "Farmland Open Space Preservation Program". Many soils in this district also pose severe limitations on development due to their inability to accommodate on site septic systems and/or other building limitations. The existence of "prime agricultural soils", the concentration of P.A. 116 enrolled land, severe environmental limitations, the existing farming activity and the large amount of unfragmented parcels suitable for farming activity are the principal parameters used in defining the general boundaries of the district. The primary objectives of this planning district are: 1. To promote farming activities as the primary land use in the areas of the Township best suited for such use; 2. To preserve woodlands and wetlands associated with farms which, because of their natural characteristics, are valuable as water retention and ground water recharge areas and as habitat for plant and animal life and which have an important and aesthetic scenic value which contributes to the unique character of the agricultural preservation district 3. To prevent the conversion of agricultural land to scattered non-farm development, which when unchecked, unnecessarily increases the cost of public services to all citizens and results in the premature disinvestment in agricultural. Implementation Measures Recommended mechanisms and guidelines for use in achieving objectives of the agricultural preservation district include: 1. Continue to encourage the enrollment of farm lands in the Farm Land and Open Space Preservation Program and the dedication of conservation easements to land trusts. nw d..\rns\plktn-mp 40 89374 �- ----------------------------------- 2. Through zoning regulations, discourage residential development that does not directly serve farm families and farm workers. Review and monitor the effectiveness of current zoning regulations in conserving imported farmlands. 3. Encourage the majority of residential development to occur in areas less suitable for farming activities and near public services and utilities. 4. Avoid the extension of public utilities into agricultural areas as a means of discouraging intensive non-farm development ' 1•• - J WATERFRONT RESIDENTIAL DISTRICT rI ~ I I • 1 The Waterfront Residential District has been assigned to the land area lying between the Grand River and Leonard Street Within this area, it is intended that low density residential uses, various recreational types of uses, farming (when properly practiced), and natural wildlife habit be the primary uses. The primary intent of this district is to ensure the prevention of economic and environmental damage due to flooding or intensive development patterns. In line with these objectives, it is necessary that land use controls that ensure the preservation of the value and character of the Grand River corridor and the river's natural floodplain be utilized. Implementation Mechanisms { 1. Consider the imposition of a large minimum residential lot size to avoid intensive, haphazard development, and through optional flexible zoning provisions encourage the clustering of development on soils best suited to support the development 2. Consider properties within this district as the highest priority for public acquisition in the . location of new parks and recreation areas. 3. Develop a floodplain overlay zoning district which imposes strict zoning regulations on uses that would fall within the Grand River's 100-year floodplain. 4. Avoid the installation of public utilities within the district unless they are needed to solve existing dangers to public health problems. . Low DENSITY RESIDENTIAL The Low Density Residential Planning area is applied to several areas of the Township that contain soils generally amenable to single family residential development at densities of approximately one unit per acre without the provisions of public utilities. Much of this area has experienced some development pressure, as witnessed by the number of existing homes and parcels of less than 10 acres that already exist within the areas. The boundaries, therefore, generally reflect the emerging pattern of rural non-farm development The primary role of these areas is the accommodation of future development that is predominantly residential in nature in a manner that still preserves the area's rural and unique -- - ---~- 89374 41 nw d:'ms'plktn-mp - ---- - - _- _----= -_ �p. environmental qualities. It is also intended to ultimately serve as a transitional area between the areas devoted more exclusively to agriculture and the higher concentrations of non-farm, suburban type development. In considering zoning requests for Low Density Residential, the township should avoid situations that would result in scattered or leapfrog development. IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISMS . I _,,, The following mechanisms are intended for use in achieving the objectives of a low density residential district. 1. Due to the existing lack of utilities and generally heavy soils, amend the current Single Family Residential Zoning District regulations to restrict the minimum lot size within the district to approximately one acre for unplatted and platted parcels without public utilities, and 20,000 square feet for platted parcels if public water and/or sewage utilities are made available. 2. Permit duplex dwelling units as special uses within plats at the time of plat approval, thereby controlling their location and number, and ensuring their compatibility. 3. Future zoning to the Low Density Residential Classification is recommended to only occur incrementally, based upon the demand for development of the type that would be all9wed in the Low Density Residential district and it is demonstrated that the appropriate infrastructure is available to support the higher intensity of development. r. \ '' ,-, ,i. .- MEDWM DENSITY RESIDENTIAL i - ' ,_ ' . This classification is designed to accommodate single family development at densities of two to three dwelling units per acre and preplanned multi-family developments of a density, of up to six dwelling units per acre. By adherence to stringent site selection and design standards, multifamily developments are intended to co-exist with existing single family homes and new single family developments that may locate in the same planning district. The types of dwelling units and densities envisioned in the MDR area can serve as transitional uses between non-residential uses and low density residences or between high density residential uses and low density residences. Because public sewer and water is necessary for these densities of development in order to assure long-range public health, such developments should not be approved until proper public sewer and water service is available. For this reason, the MOR designation has been allocated primarily only to the area around Coopersville. As a sub-category of the MDR District, the Manufactured Housing Planning area has been allocated to an area in Section 26, south of I-96. This area is intended to satisfy the land needs for additional manufactured home parks within the Township. This location was selected because of its proximity to existing utilities, its location along an improved street, and good nw d:'ms'pllctn-mp 42 89374 �access to the expressway. Given the concerns that typically arise over manufactured housing parks with regard to increased traffic volumes and reduction of adjoining property values, this area offers a viable mobile home park setting while minimizing the potential for land use conflicts. ...... i't ,.~ The Plan also recognizes the existing mobile home park in Section 8. However, because of the distance to community services, shopping, and fire protection, the Plan does not support major expansion of this park or the development of additional mobile home park since this area or similar locations throughout the Township. Limited expansion of the existing mobile home park should only be considered if health issues relative to sanitary sewage disposal can be adequ.ately addressed. ' [. 1' L. I I '; I Within the planning horizon, the conditions necessary to support high density residential developments do not appear feasible or desirable from a planning standpoint. Therefore, no high density residential areas are proposed here. It is recommended, however, that the need and location for high density residential uses be periodically re-examined as growth in and adjacent to the City of Coopersville occurs. Implementation Measw-es 1. Develop and implement zoning and subdivision design standards appropriate for the regulation of single family developments at densities of 2 to 3 du/acre. 2. Develop and implement Planned Unit Development zoning provisions to accommodate multi-family and manufactured housing developments and which allow flexibility in their design. 3. Limit the density for areas designated as Medium Density Residential to no more than six units per acre and require provision of public sewer and water. 4. Defer the rezoning of identified Medium Density Residential lands until specific applications are made. .. ,i L_; r - COMMERCIAL LAND USE Typically, commercial establishments seek out major streets with high traffic volumes to maximize their visibility and encourage drive-in trade. However, when a major street begins to develop commercially, traffic congestion too often occurs and conflicts result between through traffic and the vehicles entering and existing driveways. • This plan recognizes that demands for a wide variety of commercial development in the Coopersville/Polkton Township area are likely to increase within the planning period. These deman~ are most likely to be greatest near the I-96/68th Avenue interchange where traffic volumes are greatest and the new businesses can take advantage of the more concentrated consumer market in and around Coopersville. MShd4\plk1n-mp\aca 43 89374 �.·-. One imponant factor that warrants limiting the allocation of land for future commercial use within the Township is the availability of planned and zoned commercial areas within the City of Coopersville. Because nearby areas of Coopersville are better served by utilities and other infrastructure, it is logical that the most intensive commercial activities should be concentrated within the City. However, in recognition of the locational qualities of certain areas for ultimate commercial use and the advantages of allocating lands for long-range planning purposes, the plan identifies three areas in Polkton Township for the suppon of future community/highway oriented types of commercial activity. These areas are located along Arthur Street and State Road both near the I-96/68th Avenue interchange and at the I-96/48th Avenue interchange. L. The types of businesses that are expected to find potential Polkton Township sites attractive include lumberyards, mobile and motor home sales lots, and similar uses that require relatively large acreages and few utilities. More intensive commercial uses such as supermarkets, banks, restaurants, and other retail uses are not recommended to be located in these areas until such ti.me that adequate areas within the City of Coopersville are no longer available and appropriate public utilities are provided to serve the areas. In addition to the two 1-96 interchange commercial areas, the 68th Avenue/Leonard Street intersection is identified as a planned location for a neighborhood convenience commercial businesses. This planning area is limited in size and intended to accommodate small retail and service types of establishments catering to the needs of nearby residents in the Eastmanville area. Implementation Measures Unless careful site planning and access controls are instituted, conflicts between uses can occur, opportunities for integrated uses loss, and the capacity of streets can be greatly reduced. It is therefore recommended that the rezoning of land designated by the Land Use Plan for commercial purposes be done cautiously to help assure that development does not occur prematurely or haphazardly, with disregard for the lack of utilities or the uses that are in existence or could develop on an adjoining site. Implementation of the commercial land use plan should therefore include the following recommendations: I L r , 1. Utilization of flexible planned unit development zoning provisions that would allow the revi~w and approval of proposals incorporating integrated mixed uses, joint access, and alternate access characteristics. 2. Utilization of zoning standards and a site plan review process which promotes desirable objectives and the careful scrutinization of such site plan features such as: • Water Supply, Wastewater Collection, and Storm Drainage: Until public systems for these utilities are provided, it is recommended that major development not be permitted unless careful consideration is given to the ability of individual methods to handle the expected water demands, wastewater generation, and stormwater runoff. MShd4\plkm-mp\aea 44 89374 �• Driveway Location and Spacing: Driveways should be located as far from street intersections as possible to avoid left turn conflicts and businesses should be encouraged to use joint driveways whenever possible. Driveways should be at least 200 feet apart to reduce conflicts and provide gaps in traffic for safer ingress and egress. It is recommended that commercial parcels located on arterials have a minimum of 200 feet of street frontage to promote adequate driveway spacing. • Landscaping: Commercial development should provide landscaping along the street edge to enhance aesthetics and screen parking areas. Specific landscaping requirements should be incorporated to ensure adequate and uniform landscape treatment among businesses. ' ' • Alternate Access: A secondary means of ingress and/or egress should be provided, if possible. Such alternate access could take the form of access to an intersecting street for comer parcels, access across adjacent parking lots, access to another street to the rear of the property, a frontage road or service drive parallel to a major street, or a similar alternative. • Signs: The number, size, and locations of signs should be controlled and kept to a reasonable minimum to avoid motorist confusion and to ensure individual business identities. • Pedestrian Access: Where and when appropriate, sidewalks or paths should be provided to link businesses with each other and residential areas. .' ,- INDUSTRIAL LAND USE PLAN '. The Industrial Land Use classification as depicted on the Land Use Plan is fairly extensive and is intended to identify and reserve land for "potential" industrial development far into the future. . Intensive industrial development within the area shown would require the provision of public sewer and water. Therefore, only light industries that require very little demands for such uses should be considered in the near future. ' / The illustration of the large expanse of area is intended to provide flexibility in site selection for those who may desire to develop industrial parks or those requiring large industrial sites. However, once a more concise pattern of industrial development has been established, it is recommended that the Township re-evaluate the demands for industrial growth and taylor future master plan updates to reflect more precisely a desirable concentrated pattern of long-range industrial development. The following guidelines are intended for use in implementing the industrial land use plan: 45 nw d:'ms\plklD-mp -- - 89374 �1 • Encourage industrial development to be concentrated in one or two areas by withholding the rezoning of parcels to industrial unless they are contiguous to existing parcels of industrially zoned land or are of a size intended to support a pre-planned industrial park. r~ 1• r 2. Incrementally expand the availability of industrial zoned properties within the planning period based on demonstrated need rather than speculation, keeping in mind that development without public utilities should be carefully monitored. 3. Improve plan site review standards relative to industrial uses to ensure building and site design quality and that those industries being proposed without public sewer and water facilities will not jeopardize environmental quality. 4. Encourage the creation of indusf!ial subdivisions rather than piecemeal development to help assure coordinated development and collective use of necessary roads, drainage and other improvements. 5. Incorporate provisions in the zoning ordinance that would discourage extensive outdoor storage and activity areas that would detract from the character of _the Township. 6. Encourage the landscaping of industrial sites through site plan review. 7. Discourage the development of heavy industries which because of their scale or type of operation could have severe environmental implications or overburden public services. 8. Incorporate access control mechanisms similar to those recommended for the commercial areas into zoning provisions relative to the industrial zone. NATURAL FEATURES PRESERVATION 1 ·, l 1 t .•: The following objectives and guidelines should be applied throughout the Township, and coupled with recommended land uses and densities outlined in the previous sections, are intended to promote a balance between the accommodation of future development and the need to protect the natural environment In order to preserve the rural character of the Township and protect the quality of the environment, the Plan makes the following recommendations: Through site plan review, subdivision regulations and a public education program: - Encourage the construction of roads that follow contours rather than running against them. - Encourage minimum grading and cut fill activities on steep slopes. - Encourage the concealment of buildings located on prominent hillsides. - Discourage the filling of wetlands. - Evaluate soil suitability for the proposed use. - Discourage the over improvement of building sites in rural areas that would replace natural vegetation with large manicured lawns, and other forms of urban landscaping. ow d:'ms\plk1n-mp 46 89374 �JO .••••• 11 1~1 I '\._ I l2B ~I ....~ HAYES ST. LEGEND: c:::=J AGRICULTURE CONSERVATION PLANNING DISTRICT ~ WATERFRONT RESIDENTIAL PLANNING DISTRICT LOW DENSlTY RESIDENTIAL PLANNING DISTRICT ezzz::a UEDJUM DENSITY RESIDENTIAL PLANNlNG DISTRICT ~ MANUFACTURED HOUSING PLANNlNG DISTRICT ffiGHWAY COMYERCIAL PLANNlNG DISTRICT alfBi NEIGHBORHOOD COWERCIAL PLANNlNG DISTRICT ~ INDUSTRIAL PLANNlNG DISTRICT +,. .... ~ POLKTON TOWNSHIP OTT A WA COUNTY , aactlOAN FUTURE LAND USE PLAN JANUARY, 1991 Map7 L --~ :Iii\ -_......................... -......_.,,..~ .... _,. ................ _.,... ____ �~ ~-J 5 4 Tl>FT Sf. LEGEND: C:=:J AGRICULTURE CONSERVATION PLANNING DISTRICT ~ WATERFRONT RESIDENTIAL PLANNING DISTRICT ez'ZZ1 LOW DENSITY RESIDENTIAL PLANNING DISTRICT MEDIUll DENSITY RESIDENTIAL PLANNING DISTRICT ~ MANUFACTURED HOUSING PLANNING DISTRICT - afm IDGHWAY COMMERCIAL PLANNING DISTRICT NEIGHBORHOOD COMMERCIAL PLANNING DISTRICT ~ INDUSTRIAL PLANNING DISTRICT + ---- b5iz." POLKTON TOWNSHIP ,.. OTTAWA COUNTY • MCHIGAN FUTURE LAND USE PLAN JANUAP.Y, 1991 Map7 . - ..____. - ... •........... .. _ ..... .T ~ _.........................-... ..... �- Encourage the use of natural drainageways versus channelization or underground drains. ... ., e 2. Cooperate with the Ottawa County Drain Commission to ensure strict enforcement of the Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control Act If necessary, adopt and enforce a local ordinance. 3. Inform residents and farmers of the problems of over fertili~tion of lawns and fields near water bodies and drainageways. 4. Inform residents of measures that should be taken for proper septic tank and drainfield maintenance and operation. 5. Inform residents with livestock and other domesticated animals of the hazards of locating feeding areas and animal runs w~ere nutrients from animal waste can readily enter surface waters in the form of runoff. 6. Support State and County laws and administrative programs which help to protect natural resources. The following list of State and County approvals is directed toward the major environmental protection needs of the area. FEATURE OF CONCERN · AGENCY OR APPROVAL REQUIREMENT Wetlands State wetlands permits issued by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources are required for alteration of any wetland contiguous to lakes, streams, and other water bodies, and for wetlands classified by the DNR. Proper septic system location and installation for surface water and groundwater quality protection Permit required from the Ottawa County Health Department Erosion control during construction An earth change which is within 100 feet of a lake or stream or is one or more acres in size requires a construction permit from the Ottawa County Drain Commission. This agency presently administers the provisions of the Michigan Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control Act within Polkton Township. Adequate drainage facilities minimize flooding The Otta-wa County Drain Commissioner reviews All subdivision plats to assure adequate drainage facilities. Proposals for developments with storm water outlets to county drains, as well as mobile home park proposals, are also subject to approval by the Drain Commissioner's office. On-site retention of stormwater is often required. nw d:'ms\pllttn-mp 48 89374 �Roadside drainage . ~-. , I ' ' I The Ottawa County Road Commission reviews all subdivisions for conformance with Road Commission standards. For large lot developments, surface drainage to roadside ditches is allowed. If the development is not a subdivision but results in a drainage discharge to a roadside ditch, approval from the County Road Commission is required. Runoff must be restricted and retained on-site to assure an agricultural rate of runoff. • Spill prevention plans at industrial sites The Michigan Department of Natural Resources reviews and approves Pollution Incident Prevention Plans submitted by businesses. Businesses are required to submit such a plan if they store or use critical materials on the "Critical Materials Register", salt, or large quantities of fuel. Wastewater treatment systems with discharges of more than 10,000 gallons/day of sanitary sewage The Michigan Department of Natural Resources issues groundwater discharge permits when discharges of more than 10,000 gallons/day, of sanitary sewerage (or other discharges) are proposed. The provisions apply to large-scale septic systems and other types of wastewater facilities. Proposed discharges must meet require ments of the Part 22 Rules of the Water Resources ·- . - ( .i ' Commission Act. \ ' Wastewater treatment systems which discharge into lakes and streams require a federal NPDES permit (National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit), which is issued by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. .. 8. Developers should be encouraged to contact state and county agencies at the earliest possible point in the site plan preparation process and to incorporate state and county agency requirements for resource protection into site plans presented to the Township. PUBUC UTILITIES ·tJ In areas such as Polkton Township where heavy soils restrict the utility of private on-site septic systems and deep, quality groundwater aquifers are expensive to tap for domestic water use, the availability of public sewer and water systems are essential to the support of urban densities and types of land use. Because of this, Polkton Township, through its future policies to provide or not provide public utilities has the ability to greatly influence the timing, location, and intensity of most types of intensive future development. aw d:'ms'illlctn-mp . 49 89374 �r l . ! ' ' r. I ' I ' I i. As a major tool in the implementation of the Master Plan, it is recommended that the Township weigh such policies carefully. When and if utility agreements and extensions are made, they should be done in a manner consistent with the Master Land Use Plan. Based upon current growth rates and the logic of encouraging the majority of intensive growth to occur first within the City of Coopersville, it is suggested that the provision of public sewer within the unincorporated areas of Polkton can and should be avoided until well into the 20-year planning period. Nonetheless, it is recommended that the Township and the City of Coopersville work together to plan the timing and scale of collection and treatment facilities based upon longrange service boundary agreements. To facilitate the future expansion of the City's current lagoon site, it is recommended that the Township encourage the reservation of existing vacant lands east of the site. It is therefore suggested that negotiations between the City and Township for the establishment of long-range service agreements and boundaries be commenced prior to any major expansions to the City's current treatment capacity or prior to the extension of major sewer trunklines to within reach of the existing City/fownship boundary. '·· It is also recommended that similar discussions occur relative to the provision of public water in the areas immediately surrounding the City of Coopersville. • As previously discussed, a water distribution system along Leonard Street in the southern portion of the Township is currently under study. In support of the land use recommendations for the Riverfront Residential Planning Area, it is recommended that the service area for this potential system be limited in extent to serve primarily those properties lying north of Leonard Street and those others, which because of current well water problems, are in need of the alternative water supply. TRANSPORTATION The road system serves as the backbone for growth and development of any community. By providing a means for internal and external circulation, it serves the community by helping shape the intensity of land use. Thus, this costly and highly visible element of the community's infrastructure is one of the most dynamic features of the community's on-going development. Problems The major problem with the street system is increased traffic volume on unpaved rural collectors. Other factors that may become increasingly 'significant as growth continues include the need for better traffic and access controls along primary roads to avoid traffic and land use conflicts, and the incomplete grid pattern of the street system. nw d:'mslpllan-mp 50 89374 �Recommendations The following transportation related recommendations are intended to address existing problems and to avoid problems in the future: - Within zoning and subdivision regulations institute access controls intended to reduce traffic conflicts along the major and minor arterials thereby preserving their volume and function. : . , \. I. · - Establish road improvement priorities. Through cooperation with the Ottawa County Road Commission and City of Coopersville, monitor traffic volumes and road conditions as part of the program of establishing road improvement priorities. In this way, the Township can objectively allocate its limited resources to those areas having the greatest need. - Consider the ability of existing roadway conditions to handle projected traffic volumes resulting from new development when reviewing site plans and rezoning requests. .',: - Implement the Land Use Plan. This document contains specific land use recommendations which reflect the adequacy of the existing roadway system. Taken collectively, the incremental implementation of the various land use proposals will, over the long term, mini.mize the need for road improvements. - It is recommended that zoning and subdivision controls officially recognize the hierarchy of the road network by taking into consideration the traffic volume, noise, speed and clear vision requirements of each roadway class. Such requirements should translate in larger minimum lot frontages and building setbacks along major streets than those along local residential streets. COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND PUBUC/SEMI•PUBUC LAND RECREATION Analysis of local recreational opportunities within the Township shows that Township residents presently must rely on, and at times, compete with others for the use of facilities located in other nearby communities. While these facilities are adequate for their intended use, it must also be recognized that as the area's population increases, Polkton Township must become increasingly responsible for providing additional opportunities for its residents. While it does not appear that the needs identified in the preceding chapter are critical at the present time, it is important that planning and decision making for the ultimate provision of additional recreational facilities begin at an early stage. This is especially important in terms of land acquisition, where early acquisition can greatly reduce overall costs and better assure the ability to acquire land in the most desirable location. It is therefore recommended that the Township take the following measures in establishing a parks and recreation program, in fulfillment of the above objectives. nw d:'m1'1illt1n-mp 51 89374 �1. Appoint a "Park Commission" under the provisions of P.A. 271 of 1921, or an "Ad-hoc" Citizen's Committee to: Identify potential future park sites Prepare a Parks and Recreation plan capable of qualifying the Township for the receipt of various grant funds available through the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Identify and pursue other potential funding sources such as private foundations and other local, state and federal programs. Work with the Ottawa County and adjacent communities and school districts to ensure a coordinated approach to providing facilities with organized recreational activities. Monitor citizen needs and concerns. Make necessary recommendations to the Township Board with respect to on-going parks and recreation needs in the areas of administrative, budgeting and operation and maintenance. SCHOOL F ACIUTIES It is recommended that the Township work closely with the various school districts in their efforts to assure that the necessary educational facilities are provided. Should new school sites in Polkton Township be considered, it will be important that the Township have adequate lead time to consider possible land use and development related implications. PUBUC!SEMI-PUBUC LAND The plan recognized that a variety of public and semi public uses such as churches, parks, cemeteries, schools and others need to be located in rural and residential areas. However, in permitting such uses, measures must be taken to insure compatibility with nearby residential uses. Traffic, noise, lighting, and trespass should therefore be carefully controlled in order to mitigate the negative impact on residential uses. nw d:\rns'lpllctn-mp 52 89374 �Th1PLEMENTATION In }' ' • I \ I• L ,•· · ; I } l order for the Master Plan to serve as an effective guide to the continued development of Polkton Township, it must be implemented. Primary responsibility for implementing the Plan rests with the Polkton Township Board of Trustees, the Planning Commission, and the Township staff. This is done through a number of methods. These include ordinances, programs, and administrative procedures which are described in this chapter. It is important to note that the Master Plan itself has no legal authority to regulate development in order to implement the recommendations of the Plan. This implementation must come from the decisions of the Township Board and Planning Commission to provide needed public improvements and to administer and establish regulatory measures relative to the use of the land. The private sector, including individual home and land owners, is also involved in fulfilling the recommendations of the Master Plan by the actual physical development of land uses and through the rezoning of land. The authority for this, however, comes from the Township. Cooperation between the public and private sectors is therefore important in successful implementation of the Master Plan. ZONING Zoning represents a legal means for the Township to regulate private property to achieve orderly land use relationships. It is the process most commonly used to implement community Master Plans. The zoning process consists of an official zoning map and zoning ordinance text. The official zoning map divides the comm.unity into different zones or districts within which certain uses are permitted and others are not. The zoning ordinance text notes the uses which are permitted and establishes regulations to control densities, height, bulk, setbacks, lot sizes, and accessory uses. The zoning ordinance also sets forth procedures for special approval regulations and sign controls. These measures permit the Township to control the quality as well as the type of development. Subsequent to the adoption of this Plan, the Township Planning Commission and Township Board should review and make any necessary revisions to the zoning regulations to ensure that the recommendations of the plan as outlined in the previous section are instituted. SUBDIVISION ORDINANCE Currently, the Township does not have its own subdivision control ordinance. Thus, any requests to plat property or create a subdivision would be done so according to the provisions of the Subdivision Control Act, Act 288 of 1967. This provides adequate but limited authority for the State to regulate new subdivisions. Site condominiums are a relatively new form of land 1 :'ml\pllan-mp 53 89374 �• ; .... ownership that is not regulated under the Plat Act It is recommended that adoption of a sulxlivision control ordinance and regulations governing site condominiums be considered in the near future. CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS PROGRAM Capital Improvements Programming is the first step in a comprehensive management system designed to relate priorities and programs to community goals and objectives. It is a means of planning ahead for the funding and implementation of major construction and land acquisition activities. The typical CIP is six years in length and updated yearly. The first year in each CIP contains the capital improvement budget The program generally includes a survey of the longrange needs of the entire governmental unit covering major planned projects along with their expected cost and priority. The Township Board then analyzes the projects, financing options, and the interrelationship between projects. Finally, a project schedule is developed. Priority projects are included in the Capital Improvement Program. Low priority projects may be retained in a Capital Improvement Schedule which may cover as long as 20 years. The CIP is useful to the Township, private utilities, citizens, and investors, since it allows coordination in activities and provides the general public with a view of future expectations. PLANNING EDUCATION l , Planning Commissions should attend planning seminars to keep themselves informed of planning issues and learn how to better carry out their duties and responsibilities as Planning Commissioners. These seminars are regularly sponsored by the Michigan Society of Planning Officials (MSPO) and the Michigan Township Association (MTA) and are a valuable resource for Planning Commissions. There are also several planning publications which are a useful information tool for Planning Commissioners. The main publications are Plannine and Zonine ~ and Micbiean Planner Maeazine. PUBLIC INFORMATION It is important that the proposals of this Plan be discussed and understood by the citizens of Polkton Township. Acceptance of this Plan by the public is essential to its successful implementation. Steps should be taken to make Township residents aware of this Plan and the continuing activities of the Planning Commission. This can be accomplished through newspaper reports of Planning Commission activity. Contact with local civic and service organizations is another method which can be used to promote the Township's planning activities and objectives. REVISIONS TO THE MASTER PLAN .e The Master Plan should be updated periodically (minor review every one to two years, major review every five to ten years) in order to be responsive to new growth trends and current Township attitudes. As growth occurs over the years, the Master Plan goals, land use information, population projections, and other pertinent data should be reviewed and revised as necessary so the Plan can continue to serve as a valid guide to the growth of the Township. nw d:'ms\plk1n-mp 54 89374 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Polkton-Twp_Master-Plan_1991 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Polkton Township Planning Commission, Polkton Township, Ottawa County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991-01 Title A name given to the resource Polkton Township Master Plan Description An account of the resource The Polkton Township Master Plan was prepared by the Polkton Township Planning Commission with assistance from WW Engineering & Science, Inc. and was adopted in January 1991. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource WW Engineering & Science, Inc. (consultant) Subject The topic of the resource Master plan reports Polkton Township (Mich.) Ottawa County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3cd8aa4f9d25ed3914d0c884ac6d0efc.mp4 9e6b275a9ba8e9511cd754526c323c9a https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0329c6908733e6fe6b85c428ee76ff61.pdf c1355f7061318504ae22fec07d200995 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Francis Poll (01:12:37) (00:15) Background Information • • • • • Francis was born in Manton, Michigan and lived on a farm He graduated from high school in 1938 and began looking for work, but there were not many jobs available at that time He had an interview with GM, but they would not hire him because they thought he was too young He finally got work working with casting of auto parts He was 21 years old when he was drafted into the Army in August of 1941 (5:45) Training • • • • • • • • • Francis was sent to Allegan for induction and then boarded a troop train to Texas He began training on October of 1941, but they did not have enough rifles for everyone so some men had to train with a wooden stick They got lots of exercise hiking and marching When Pearl Harbor was attacked MPs came to tell all the military personnel to get back to camp Training had always been “if we go to war,” and it was then “when we go to war” Francis was training in Texas for 16 weeks and then took a train to Fort Dix in New Jersey to a debarkation port They continued training and were immunized They began gathering equipment for overseas for about a month Everyone thought they were going to the Pacific, but they ended up going to Europe (11:20) Overseas • • • • • They boarded a large English ship that was sister to the Lusitania They traveled in a convoy with troop ships, container vessels, and were escorted by the Navy and zig zagging to avoid submarines They left in April of 1942 and Francis was so sick he was coughing up blood The convoy landed in Northern Ireland in May and the men set up camp It rained a lot and they were living in tents, but Francis still thought that Ireland was very nice �• They continued training in Ireland for about 7 months and no one knew where they might be going next (17:20) Algiers • • • • Francis traveled to Algiers on an English cruiser called the Sheffield with a convoy through the Straights of Gibraltar They were working in the French part of the city, which had great food and champagne They left in January 1942 and were ordered to report to the front They boarded 6 by 6 trucks and headed to Tunisia to relieve French troops (26:30) Fighting in Africa • • • • They were doing well in Africa, fighting for about five days and then taking a couple off They went on a wolf mission in February and joined another force in the town on Fondouk in March They were fighting over one hill after another and sometimes had to retreat from the Germans who had a lot of fire power and were very accurate Francis was fighting in Fondouk for two months before he was promoted to sergeant (34:20) Ending of Africa Campaign • • • The Germans were starting to fall back and things seemed to going better for US troops Resistance continued to decrease and they began taking in many POWs The war continued to die down with the invasion of Italy (40:10) Landing D-Day +2 • • • • • Frances landed in Salerno with the 9th Division and the area was heavily defended They were surrounded by Germans for about 16 hours and completely outnumbered Their company commander had been looking for them and thought they were all MIA They finally realized that Americans were nearby and that most of the Germans had left They were eventually taken off the front lines and given replacements so they could rest (44:35) Cassino • • • Francis was working in Italy and many people were dying from mines They were ordered to go to the line of departure and attack in Cassino They took a terrible beating in Cassino and their company commander was killed �• They then went back to Salerno and took a troop ship to Algiers and eventually made it back to the states (50:25) Time on Furlough • • • • Francis had enough points to go home and had earned a silver star while in Africa He arrived in march and had 6 weeks off; he got married on his time off on April 9, 1944 It was great to be back home, but hard to get used to civilian life Francis received orders to report to Fort Meade in Maryland; he was expecting to be sent back to Italy (55:45) Hand Grenade Training • • • • • Francis was told that he was not going back to Italy, but would help train others He was a staff sergeant and training others with weapons, mostly grenades In July of 1944 he was promoted to a superior instructor and brought his wife to Maryland to live off base They rented a room from a nice, elderly lady and lived near a horse track In July of 1945 Francis found out his wife was pregnant and he was going to be discharged (1:04:40) The End of the War • • • • Francis went back home to Michigan and it took some time to get back to civilian life He began working again at his old job, but could not stand working inside all day Francis checked into working at Michigan Bell, for the railroad, and the police He ended up working for the Grand Rapids Fire Department for 35 years � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PollF Title A name given to the resource Poll, Francis (Interview outline and video), 2008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Poll, Francis Description An account of the resource Francis Poll grew up in Michigan and was drafted into the Army in August 1941. He trained as an infantryman in Texas, and his unit was sent to Northern Ireland for additional training, and went to North Africa in early 1943. He participated in fighting in Tunisia and Italy, including the battles at Salerno and Cassino, before being transferred home in 1944, where he served in a training command for the rest of the war. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Byron Area Historic Museum (Byron Center, Mich.) BCTV Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans United States. Army World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Video recordings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-02-12 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9a1ad86fcb75254c192aa4b0cc0605c5.mp4 57cd55028ee7364f3f8a653341e0af25 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f4604fc1d2be01e1f57bd0529221a963.pdf 04955a0dec85aaf2f374676a8754090b PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans’ History Project Name of War: World War II Interviewee’s Name: Arthur Polmanteer Length of Interview: 28 minutes Pre-Enlistment (00:11)  Childhood (00:15) o  Family (00:41) o  Polmanteer was born in Trout Lake, Upper Michigan on March 3, 1921. (00:26) His father was a lumberman while his mother was a housewife. Grew up with two brothers and two sisters. (00:47) His Job (01:12) o Before being drafted, he worked at a metal office furniture factory. His younger brother Lloyd had already joined up as a paratrooper. (01:22) Enlistment and Basic Training (02:09)  Why he joined up (02:16) o  Was already married, when he was drafted in January, 1944. (02:28) Where he went (02:36) o Was sent to Fort McClellan, AL where he underwent basic training for 6 weeks. Spent 10 days home afterwards and was then sent home. (02:45) o Served as a replacement in a heavy weapons company while attached to the 78th Division upon being deployed to Schmidt Germany. (02:58) Active Duty (03:12)  Battle of the Bulge (03:27) o Mentions that he was a gunner in the 78th Division when they captured the Remagen Bridge over the Rhine River. (04:08) Completed his term of active duty in March, 1946. (04:30) o Briefly describes how tough basic was and what sorts food they received in the military. (04:46) � Belgium / Germany (06:16) o Backs up and mentions that once out of basic that his unit was sent overseas to Schmidt, Germany where he met up with his unit in March and then continued to move through Central Germany. (06:23) o Describes in some detail, what combat for him felt like emotionally. (07:22)  The weather in Germany during the winter of 1944 was very cold. Spent much of his time cooped up in his foxhole. (07:54)  2nd battalion, a different unit within the 78th Division was in the thick of the fighting at the Battle of the Bulge. His heavy weapons company meanwhile was sitting tight behind the Ruhr River Valley for about a month. (09:04)  Once they received orders to move, they marched through the Hurtgen Forest. As they did so, they faced exploding artillery shells and shrapnel. He felt as though his training was adequate in preparing him for what he faced over there. (09:36)  Briefly mentions what friendships he developed while in the military. (10:48)  In terms of memories the one that stands out the most was having an exploding artillery shell come within four feet of his position while shrapnel exploded over his head. This happened while the 78th Division was securing the Remagen Bridge over the Rhine. Mentions that they drove eight to nine hours to get there. Also mentions that a few of his buddies died in the process of this deployment action. (11:40)  Stayed in touch with his family by letter writing his wife. They exchanged a daily correspondence. (13:38)  In terms of leave, he did not take any until after the war. When he did he went to London, England. (14:38) o Sachsenhausen Germany (15:50)  When they liberated the concentration camp here Polmanteer describes what they encountered here in some detail. (16:03)  On VE Day, his unit was in Germany celebrating like many others the end of the war. (16:38)  Stayed on in Europe for another three months after the war receiving jungle training in preparation of the invasion of Japan. Before being deployed to the Pacific the war ended there. (17:45) �o Going Home (18:45)  Served briefly in Berlin where he was a part of the occupational forces’ efforts there. Was then shipped by train to Antwerp where he boarded a olive ship: the Queen Mary for the U.S. (18:54)  Backs up and mentions that when he first journeyed overseas aboard a troop ship that landed first in Glasgow, Scotland; went by train down to London and then by ship to France where they received their weapons at various replacement centers. (19:58) o Home in the States (20:43)  Upon receiving a warm reception in New York City, he went by train to Camp Elderberry where he was discharged. (20:53) After the Service (21:11)  Readjusting to Home (21:42) o Upon being discharged he describes what the reception was like with his family. The transition between military and civilian life was difficult and was spent getting reacquainted with his family and not working. (21:56) o Briefly mentions what the year-to-year military reunions were like down in Nashville, TN. (22:17)  Reflection (23:35) o Describes how and what affected the most about his service time. Mentions how the experience affected him personally and how he lived his life afterwards. (23:55) o Further mentions his impressions about the attitude the German government took towards their treatment of the Jews in the concentration camps. (26:40) Interview Ends (28:27) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PolmanteerA0660V Title A name given to the resource Polmanteer, Arthur (Interview outline and video), 2009 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Polmanteer, Arthur Description An account of the resource Arthur Polmanteer is a World War II veteran who served in the U.S. Army's 78th Division from January, 1944 to 1946. In this account, Polmanteer discusses his pre-enlistment, enlistment and basic training. His unit saw action in the Hurtgen Forest, in the Battle of the Bulge, at the Remagen Bridge and into Germany, where they participated in the liberation of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Doran, Casie (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-11-03 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9a9ccf014b3d256a3f84146bcc27b556.m4v 74712c649f2c106710f854ed948d738d https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/981c1cebaa0132c41d4ebcb198458076.pdf 2e94bfe5953988cf92195a3edbbcf15c PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans’ History Project Stanley Poloski Vietnam War 1 hour 15 minutes 45 seconds (00:00:18) Early Life -Born on September 20, 1948 at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond, Virginia -Stayed in Richmond until he was about seven, or eight then moved to central Florida -Grew up there -His father was an engineer at Cape Canaveral specializing with missile development -He attended high school in Florida -Graduated high school in 1967 (00:01:11) Awareness of the Vietnam War -He was aware of the Vietnam War growing up -No one that he knew wanted to go to Vietnam -The news did not make it appealing and there was a lack of public support for it -There was the omnipresent fear of the draft (00:02:05) College and Getting Drafted -He attended college at Seminole Community College in Sanford, Florida -It was a small, new school at the time -Its buildings were portable units (essentially trailer buildings) -The protocol at the time was that not passing classes made you eligible for the draft -His grades began to slip which led to him receiving a draft notice in 1968 -A lot of young men were fleeing to Canada to avoid the draft -He went to the Army draft physical with six other friends that had been drafted -His friends were deemed medically unfit for service -He was accepted into the Army -He received his physical in Jacksonville, Florida -He was sent to a specialist in Jacksonville and then to a second physical -He had to do this because of an alleged back problem -He was still deemed physically fit for service (00:05:28) Basic Training -Sent to Fort Jackson, South Carolina for basic training -He was placed in old barracks near a place called “Heartbreak Hill” -They were wooden barracks from WWII heated by kerosene -Reported to basic training in the summer of 1969 -South Carolina was the hottest place that he had ever been -Introduced to the drill sergeants -Immediately immersed in the discipline and ordered life of the military -They were tough, but fair -Just had to behave and follow orders and you would be alright -The men that were uncooperative were the ones that would get punished -Basic training lasted six weeks -Basic training consisted mostly of physical training with some weapons training as well �-Some of the trainees couldn’t even run a half mile upon entering -At the end of training they could run up and down “Heartbreak Hill” -Basic training was physically challenging for him -The men that he trained with were exclusively draftees -Some men tried to fake injuries to get out of the Army -He felt the best way to survive was to just do his best and get through it (00:11:42) Advanced Individual Training (AIT) -After basic training he was given thirty days of leave to return home -After leave he reported to Fort Sill, Oklahoma for AIT -Ninety percent of the trainees were told that they would be sent to Vietnam -The other ten percent would be given stateside assignments or get sent to Europe -His specialization was in artillery -He flew in to Fort Sill by way of Dallas, Texas -It was the first time that he had ever been on an airplane -Stayed in WWII barracks at Fort Sill -His AIT experience was great -He had been selected to be a truck driver in AIT because of knowing how to drive stick -This meant getting to eat breakfast before everyone else -His training was to be part of an artillery gun crew, but at AIT he mostly drove trucks -Transported ammunition for guns and the guns themselves -In the AIT battery there were six guns -AIT lasted eight weeks (00:16:08) Deployment to Vietnam -He was only given ten days of leave before reporting for his deployment to Vietnam -Prior to being deployed he did not receive any specialized training pertaining to Vietnam -Most of the trainers had been to Vietnam already so they shared some knowledge -The most training they received was fighting in mock villages with mock Viet Cong -Didn’t even remotely compare to what Vietnam was actually going to be like -His family was upset that he was going to be deployed -His mother was beside herself -His father was stoic about it -He flew from Orlando, Florida to Dallas, Texas then to Oakland Replacement Depot, California -Stayed in Oakland for two days -Coming from a small Floridian town it was a culture shock to be in Oakland -From Oakland flew to Hawaii, and from Hawaii flew to Okinawa -They were allowed to explore the airports in both Hawaii and Okinawa (00:22:23) Arrival in Vietnam -From Okinawa flew to Vietnam and landed in Bien Hoa -His first impression was that the airport was surprisingly basic -Mostly consisted of tents -He was placed on a truck and drove through Vietnamese villages up to Camp Evans -Assigned to B Battery 2nd Battalion 319th Field Artillery 101st Airborne Division -In B Battery he was specifically assigned to Gun 6 -His unit was in a rear area outside of Camp Evans when he arrived -He arrived in Camp Evans in mid-November 1969 -Within fifteen minutes of getting to his gun they received a fire mission �-He was handed the radio and was told to relay coordinates to his officer -He had had no training on how to do this, but was able to do it well -Fire mission lasted fifteen hours, firing on the coordinates given continuously -The gun he was assigned to was the 105mm howitzer -At the end of the fire mission learned that all they had killed was a boa constrictor -After arriving at Camp Evans he was treated like a family member by his gun crew -Stayed at Camp Evans for three, or four, days before leaving (00:28:32) Fire Missions Prior to Ripcord -From Camp Evans flew to a firebase situated on a mountaintop -Transported the howitzer, ammunition, and personnel with a Chinook helicopter -When they arrived at the firebase it was raining and cold -Wound up getting stuck at the firebase for two, or three, weeks due to rain and fog -They couldn’t get more ammunition, or food -Had to give their food to South Vietnamese soldiers that came to the firebase -At the firebase they unloaded the ammunition and stored it in a dry place -Filled the empty ammo boxes with dirt and made fortifications with them -Prior to Ripcord travelled with the infantry to offer them artillery support -There were a handful of fire missions on the firebase that they were stuck on -Began to run out of ammunition because they couldn’t get resupplied (00:33:15) Moving to Firebase Ripcord -From the mountaintop firebase moved to another firebase for only thirty minutes -Always had to go wherever the infantry units were going -Moved to three different firebases before finally stopping at Firebase Ripcord -The primary mission of Ripcord was to disrupt communists on the Ho Chi Minh Trail -Arrived at Ripcord in March [April/May?--base not secured until April] 1970 -They were one of the first artillery units to arrive -When they arrived there was nothing on the firebase yet -His job in the gun crew was to load the howitzer -He enjoyed his job -There was a certain finesse required to insure that the gun was loaded well -At Ripcord they dug in and fortified their position -Also received aid in building up Ripcord from the Army Engineers -At Ripcord they had to transport the artillery rounds from the helipad on their own -The only help they got was from a pack mule (00:40:40) Fire Missions at Ripcord -The majority of the fire missions they carried out were being fired into the A Shau Valley -Their coordinates were delivered by primitive computer sensors placed in the Valley -They could pick up movement and then deliver coordinates to gun crews -After a fire mission was completed a recon team was sent out to survey the results -During one fire mission they destroyed thirteen Vietnamese trucks -Their gun would fire three to four rounds within ten seconds -The six other guns would do the same within the same amount of time -Able to cover an area the size of a football field with artillery fire -Other missions they fired were to support infantry in the field, or other nearby firebases -The 105mm howitzer they used had an accuracy of up to seven miles -Initially, they noticed very little enemy reaction to the fire missions �(00:43:45) Battle of Firebase Ripcord Pt. 1 -The enemy eventually began to fight back starting in June 1970 -The infantry on Ripcord would inspect the perimeter and began to notice pipe bombs -Meant to destroy perimeter fortifications, so enemy troops could pass through -Caught an enemy soldier in the perimeter wire and did something to him -Details are not on tape and shared off camera -As a result of the enemy’s reaction more infantry and mortars were sent to Ripcord (00:46:45) Conditions on Ripcord -There was an underground kitchen on Ripcord -Huey helicopters would bring in blocks of ice every day to help keep soldiers cool -Able to eat higher quality food than just rations (for example: fried chicken) (00:48:03) Battle of Firebase Ripcord Pt. 2 -Prior to July 1 they were not receiving any enemy fire -On July 1, 1970 the siege began with a rocket barrage coming from every direction -The rocket propelled grenades (RPGs) were inaccurate, but unnerving -His battery took quite a few hits from the RPGs -As the siege continued his battery began to take casualties -An officer that was standing right behind him was hit directly by an RPG -During the night U.S. Cobra gunships would come in and attack enemy positions near Ripcord -Later in the battle a Chinook helicopter was shot down and destroyed the ammo dump -This meant that there was no reserve ammunition left for the howitzers -On July 23, 1970 Ripcord was evacuated -The howitzers were left behind, only personnel were evacuated -U.S. B-52 bombers flew in and vaporized the firebase along with the Vietnamese -By the time the bombing run came the firebase was overrun -He and the other men boarded a Chinook helicopter and left Ripcord forever (01:00:43) Reassignment to the 82nd Airborne Division -From Ripcord he and the other survivors regrouped at Camp Evans -His unit didn’t have any guns, and as a result it was dissolved -He was reassigned to the 82nd Airborne Division near Saigon -In the 82nd he was attached to another howitzer crew -Never saw his old unit members again -Spent a total of five, or six, months with the 82nd Airborne Division -He saw much less action with the 82nd -Very rarely had any fire missions to carry out -During his time with the 82nd he got to go to an Australian base that was in Vietnam -Allowed to buy hard liquor -The Australians loved American soldiers -He was treated to a steak dinner by them -Only moved to two separate firebases while with the 82nd -The last firebase he was on just so happened to have been built in a cemetery -He felt that it was culturally insensitive to do that to a local cemetery (01:05:53) Race Relations and Drug Use -During his time in Vietnam he didn’t see any of the reported racial tensions -Knew that it was more of a problem in the rear than on the frontline -A lot of men were using various drugs (cocaine, hashish, and marijuana) �-You could trade a pack of cigarettes for a vial full of cocaine -He saw a lot of drug use, but never engaged in it -Felt that it would only hurt his chances of survivability -You could trade a couple packs of cigarettes for an ammo container full of joints -There was very little drinking, or drug use in the 101st Airborne -Too busy to have the downtime to do that -Drug use was far more common in the 82nd Airborne -Feels that more downtime resulted in more boredom resulting in more drug use (01:09:09) End of Deployment -At the end of his deployment he volunteered for a thirty day extension -There was a deal that if you extended for thirty days you would get out of the Army -At the end of his deployment he was proud to have served in the 101st -In Christmas 1970 the thirty day extension prerequisite was dropped -As a result he was told on Christmas Eve 1970 that he was going home (01:11:01) Coming Home -Flew from Long Binh, Vietnam to Japan to Juneau, Alaska to Fort Dix, New Jersey -Arrived at Fort Dix on New Year’s Eve 1970 -He was processed there and allowed to go on leave -At the airport in Philadelphia learned he would only be able to get to Atlanta, Georgia -Learned there was a direct flight to Orlando and was able to get on it -He was able to get back to his family on New Year’s Eve -After ten days of leave he reported to Fort Bragg, North Carolina and was discharged (01:13:52) Life after the War -Upon coming home he encountered harassment from anti-war protestors -Mostly happened at the airports that he stopped at in uniform -He was called names, and spit on -There were also evangelicals trying to convert him to Christianity to “save him” -All he wanted to do was to get home and to get out of his uniform -After the Army he went back to work at a floral shop and has continued to work there ever since � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_PoloskiS1691V Title A name given to the resource Poloski, Stanley (Interview outline and video), 2014 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-10-08 Description An account of the resource Stanley Poloski was born in 1948 in Richmond, Virginia. He lived in Richmond, Virginia until his family moved to central Florida. He grew up in Florida and attended high school and community college there until he was drafted. In the summer of 1969 he reported for basic training at Fort Jackson, South Carolina and from there took advanced individual training specializing in artillery at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. In November 1969 he was deployed to Vietnam and was assigned to B Battery 2nd Battalion 319th Field Artillery Regiment of the 101st Airborne Division based out of Camp Evans. He served with them at multiple firebases before they were sent to Firebase Ripcord in March 1970. He served at Ripcord through the Battle of Ripcord until the firebase was evacuated on July 23, 1970. After the battle his unit was dissolved and he was reassigned to the 82nd Airborne Division operating near Saigon. He stayed in Vietnam until he was sent home on Christmas Eve, 1970 arriving home on New Year's Eve, 1970. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Poloski, Stanley Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McGregor, Michael (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Moving Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/x-m4v application/pdf https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0ea0e66c345207b9ebf2b298443f23e3.mp4 7a6d63958ab91dcd7eb8fa9a2f62c3bb https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6b0145e193345e72d58cf10ef351063e.pdf c0cefcb4e77f8ffa17e3c809b0d0ad73 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview James Pond Length: 45:31 (00:00) Background Information • James was born in 1925 in California and enlisted in the Navy in 1943 • James went to high school in Santa Ana and had wanted to join the Navy when he was 16 years old, but his parents would not let him • They were reluctant for him to join because he already had two older brothers in the war, but allowed him to join when he was 17 • James had lost interest in school and dropped out during his senior year (2:15) Navy • After enlisting James had taken a train to Idaho for training at a base in the mountains • During boot camp everyone had to take turns with boiler room watch at night to make sure heat stayed on • While on duty they also had to watch out for grizzly bears • James decided that he wanted to be a signal man and would like to go through signal school after boot camp • He was sent to Chicago for signal school after training in Idaho for 3 months (5:30) Signal School • Signal school was held in a large stadium at Stagg Field at the University of Chicago • They had very nice living quarters and ate in a fancy dining area �• They were working on the field near men who were training for signal school in the Army • The men in the Navy had to take turns on guarding the perimeter of the field, but were only given wooden rifles to practice with • The men in the Army school did not work much and the men in the Navy thought they were lazy • They later found out that they had been working on an atom bomb at the university and the Army was actually there guarding a nuclear reactor • James also trained on a destroyer called the USS Van Valkenburgh with 300 other men • He was then transferred to the Brooklyn Navy Yard where he boarded the USS Davidson, another destroyer (9:15) Overseas • The trips were top secret and James never knew where he was going until the last minute • He did not know any of the other men he was working with on the destroyer • James was assigned on KP and became very ill the first 3 days of the trip • They were escorting a convoy of ships to Belfast, Ireland and passed Greenland and Iceland on the way • The convoy consisted of 40 ships and they traveled at 10 knots • They once detected an enemy submarine and began their depth charge runs • They did not have time to remain in the area and confirm their hit, but did see lots of black material emerging on the surface • The government was building up US troops in Ireland for the invasion of Normandy • James took a second trip to Ireland and it had gotten much colder; the men had to work on deck and chip off ice with hammers • He had some time off on liberty in Ireland �(15:20) Ship Signaling • After the second trip to Ireland the ship was put in dry dock for repairs • They then found that the ship had been hit by an enemy submarine missile dud • James had worked on ship signaling while on the trips • Sometimes he would be reading a certain signal on deck for a half hour at a time and staring into the arctic sun • The arctic sun eventually burned his retinas and he could no longer see well enough for signaling • He was allowed to go to another Class A school for training in a different field (17:30) Hospital Corps School • James was sent to the Bainbridge Naval Base in Maryland in 1944 • He enjoyed his classes very much and became a hospital corps man • James had duties that normally a nurse would have, but he worked under the supervision of nurses • He wanted to be an operating room technician and worked in surgery for a while • James was sent to Fort Eustis in Virginia • There was a WWI Army base that had not been used in about 20 years • It was a one story vintage-looking hospital that they had to restore because it had just been re-commissioned (20:05) Hospital Work • James helped to clean up the grounds and restore the hospital • Trains were then arriving and bringing in wounded marines from the West Coast �• Most of the wounded were from Guadalcanal and they had all different types of injuries • James worked for a while in the psych ward at night and there were no lights • He volunteered to work in the Fleet Marine Forces, which was part of the Marines, but did not have their own medics • James was sent to a debarkation point in California 3 weeks later (21:35) Okinawa • James boarded the USS Bingham, a troop transport ship headed to Okinawa during the invasion • He had been traveling in the Pacific on the ship for 3 weeks when they heard the news that the bombs were dropped and the war was over • James was sent to Fleet Hospital 116, which was a 1500 bed tent hospital in Okinawa • When he arrived in Okinawa, it was in the middle of a terrible hurricane and he had to take shelter in a cave • The hurricane destroyed the base, all the Quonset huts, and the entire hospital (29:30) Transferred • James was transferred to work on a ship that had no doctors to work in its pharmacy • They felt that he was qualified to be the doctor of a 56 man ship with his training and experience • The ship traveled to Sasebo, Japan, which had been occupied by US troops • James worked on the ship while it remained at a dock for months • They ship then moved on to Nagasaki and James continued working, but also helped Japanese locals and made a few friends �• It is possible that he may have come into contact with radiation from the bomb and has since had 25 cancerous areas removed from his skin • James learned that he had enough points to be discharged, but was made to remain working on the ship for another 9 months (35:15) Samar Island, Philippines • James had received a half dingo puppy while in Okinawa and brought it with him to the Philippines • He had the dog tied up outside the barracks at night and was not allowed to bring it inside • The day before he left to go back to the US, the dog’s leash had been cut and it was missing • He was very sad to not take the dog home with him and especially disturbed by the fact that Filipinos eat dogs • James left the Philippines on a troop ship and arrived in San Francisco • The Red Cross was there and actually charging the returning troops money for donuts (38:05) After Service • James had been discharged from the Navy on April 26, 1946 • After leaving the base and traveling home, James stopped in an ice cream shop where he spotted a very pretty girl • James and the girl from the ice cream shop got married 5 weeks later • He was able to get his old job back in a butcher shop and worked there for 6 months • He then got a job as an officer for the police force, where he worked for about 5 years • In 1952 James was transferred to the Orange County Sheriff’s Office and he worked there until 1958 �• James became the Deputy Coroner of Orange County • He moved to Grand Rapids, Michigan in 1964, which was where his wife was from and then began working in real estate � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PondJ Title A name given to the resource Pond, James (Interview outline and video), 2009 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pond, James Description An account of the resource James Pond was born in Santa Ana, California in 1925. He became very bored with school during the war and dropped out when he was 17 to enlist in the Navy. James went through boot camp in Idaho and then went to signal school in Chicago. After signaling on destroyers in the Arctic, James retinas became burned and he could no longer work as a signal man. He went back to school to become a hospital corps man and was sent to work in a hospital in Okinawa after the invasion. James also worked as a doctor aboard a ship stationed outside of Sasebo and Nagasaki, Japan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McCauslin, Kelly (Interviewer) Spring Lake District Library (Spring Lake, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings United States. Navy World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-02-07 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1447a996eb56f3ad6b499d6e6bd73104.m4v b4b7271e17ca8797f4dba926514aaeab https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/94acfe8238bae1ce3aaff018d2bfb85e.pdf 7efe38ac295627f1c45879159c1aa715 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview World War II Wesley Pontier Length of interview: 1:26:30 (00:00) Pre-enlistment         (00:20) Born in Clifton, New Jersey on October 4, 1921 (1:00) Graduated Clifton High School in 1939 (1:09) His father was a carpenter and his mother stayed home with the children (1:45) After he graduated high school, he got a job at a hardware store o When the depression hit, he switched jobs frequently. He worked at a department store, a car dealership, and a cotton printing company. Wesley would later get a job at Manhattan Rubber, where he would work until retirement. (5:20) Heard about the attack on Pearl Harbor from his aunt who had a radio. (6:40) Enlisted because he knew he would be drafted and he wanted to choose the branch he went into (7:15) He tried to volunteer for the Coast Guard but was turned away because he had hay fever. (7:30) Signed up for the Navy in November 1942 (7:50) Training       (7:50) His training was in Bainbridge, Maryland (8:00) Placed in company 66 (8:30) Upon arrival, someone in his company got scarlet fever. His company was often in quarantine because of this (9:40) Training consisted of a lot of drilling The only weapons training he received was with a .22 (11:30) Wesley felt that his training was not very strict (12:00) After Training     (12:00) After graduation, Wesley worked in the library in Bainbridge until he was placed into the armed guard. (13:00) The armed guard operated guns on ships, he was assigned to a 3-inch gun for which he was given little practice. (15:00): He was put on the SS Utahan which joined a convoy headed to Wales (March, 1943) (16:00) Stopped in Nova Scotia where he was given weapons training with the help of the Canadian Navy �       (16:30) The Canadians guarded Wesley’s convoy in the North Atlantic o The Atlantic was very rough on the way over o It took 30 days to get to Liverpool o He would come to the realization that he did not like his job (20:00) His ship was a freighter built in 1916 (20:30) The convoy went to the city of Cardiff (21:30) He made good friends with a pharmacist and his family (23:30) After Cardiff, they went to Cuba to get a load of sugar and then went through the Panama Canal towards western South America (24:30) Spent a few days in Chilean port cities (27:30) Celebrated his birthday in Lima, Peru o Wesley speaks highly of his treatment in South America (29:00) A New Job           (29:00) They arrived in New Orleans where they were ordered to remain, but Wesley decided to visit his girlfriend in New York. (29:50) After being relieved from his ship, he went to merchant signaling school in Noroton Heights, Connecticut. (30:30) He trained using flags and blinkers. Wesley was also required to identify ships by signaling (31:25) Reassigned to the Kentuckian and sent to South America, to the same ports he had visited previously He would travel on the east coast of the U.S.; from the Jersey Shore, you could sometimes see ships burning (34:00) Placed in a large convoy (1944), he relayed information to surrounding ships (35:00) He remembers seeing men on ships ready to take part in the D-day invasion His ship had cargo that would have been valuable to the men on the beaches; unfortunately, his ship was very old and had to unload in Plymouth (38:30) They started back to the U.S. but were turned around and sent to Wales where his ship was taken, filled with concrete and sunk near the Normandy beaches. (39:30) Put on a new ship (the renamed USS America) headed to the U.S. with German prisoners (43:00) Marriage and new assignments  (43:00) When he got back to the U.S., his fiancé arranged for them to be married; They had a one week honeymoon on the Jersey Shore  (44:30) after his honeymoon, he reported back to the armed guard center in New York to be assigned to a new ship which was a Danish tanker which was headed to Aruba. The ship went back and forth from Aruba 14 times in one year � (49:00) Wesley’s ship would take water to Aruba, he would be doing this until he was eventually discharged. (51:00) Discharged         In September 1945, Wesley was discharged; he calculated that he had traveled over 80,000 miles at sea (53:00) He reflects on the humorous relationships he had with the ship crews (59:00) After leaving the navy, Wesley returned to work for Manhattan Rubber, he would eventually become a time study man (1:01:30) Transferred to Bridgeport Connecticut and eventually became a sales engineer He was eventually moved to Charleston, South Carolina; throughout his career, he often worked with asbestos. Wesley would work with sales, manufacturing, and advertising for his company (1:09:00) When his brother died (1981), Wesley was given a large amount of money. He retired from his job after working there for nearly 42 years and moved to Florida, where he had inherited his brother’s house (1:13:00) after living in Florida for over nine years, Wesley and his wife, who now required a wheelchair, moved to Michigan. He says that this was the best decision he ever made; he got into gardening and painting (1:19:00) Wesley feels that the Navy made him good at following orders and keeping his nose clean. Additionally, the Navy gave him the opportunity to see many astounding things. He also developed a love for the sea; he would go on 11 cruises with his wife � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_PontierW1864V Title A name given to the resource Pontier, Wesley (Interview outline and video), 2015 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-08-03 Description An account of the resource Wesley Pontier was born on October 4, 1921 in Clifton, New Jersey and served in the United States Navy during World War II. He joined the navy in 1942 and trained in Bainbridge Maryland. He had several jobs while in the Navy his most accomplished position was that of a signalman. Wesley traveled to many different parts of the world including Canada, Wales, Cuba, Chile, Peru, and Venezuela. During his interview, he recalls seeing men and ships preparing for the invasion of Normandy. After being discharged in December of 1945, Wesley returned to work for Manhattan rubber where he had worked before joining the navy. During his time in the navy, Wesley traveled over 80,000 miles at sea. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pontier, Wesley Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Navy Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Moving Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/x-m4v application/pdf https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1acb81bcdcfdf91f718907881a5d51ac.m4v 71257d01d7bfbf3ea5bed438e50bdcfd https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4750a6248d51c01b1470aa1d28b09025.pdf 573116a66dee80520da38dc7747b9bf2 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Charles Pope Length: 33:06 (00:30) Background Information     Charles was born on October 15, 1956 in the upper peninsula of Michigan He had a good childhood and often went hunting and built things with his father His father worked for a Ford, Lincoln, and Mercury dealership and his mother was a nurse Charles went to school in the Upper Peninsula, played baseball and basketball (6:10) Army Enlistment  Charles left school when he was 17 years old in 1973 to enlist in the Army  He wanted to get away from home and his parents signed a waiver for him because he was too young  He went through boot camp at Fort Leonard Wood in Missouri and had a blast  Most of the people there were about 17-22 years old and he got picked on often because he was so young  Charles then trained for combat radio surveillance at a radar school in Arizona, but did not enjoy that and then transferred to mechanic school at Fort Knox in Kentucky (12:15) Germany  Charles went sent to Germany instead of going to Vietnam because he was too young to fight in combat  They had a very long flight across the Atlantic; about 16 hours  There were only about 300 people working on his post and his sister was actually there working as a secretary at the HQ office  Charles was able to travel to 11 different countries while he was in Europe  They usually traveled by train because the roads were terrible, except in Germany  Charles lived with his sister off base; they rented rooms from a couple that owned a large house  Altogether Charles spent 10 months in Germany and was in the Army for 2 years (17:45) Back in US  Charles flew out from Germany, stopped in London, and was finally back in Michigan  He was charged with involuntary manslaughter in 1978 and spent 30 years in prison  He got out in 2008 and then began living at the Grand Rapids Home for Veterans  Charles worked as a custodian in prison and received many trade certificates � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PopeC Title A name given to the resource Pope, Charles (Interview outline and video), 2008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pope, Charles Description An account of the resource Charles Pope was born on October 15, 1956 in the upper peninsula of Michigan. He enlisted in the Army when he was only 17 years and his parents had to sign a waiver because he was so young. Charles went though basic training at Fort Leonard Wood in Missouri, then radar school in Arizona, and finally mechanic school at Fort Knox in Kentucky. Once he was finished with training Charles was still 17 and too young to go through combat. Instead of going to Vietnam he was sent to a post in Germany where he spent 10 months. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collins Sr., Charles E. (Interviewer) Collins, Carol (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-03-24 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/12305cf9701147a5047ff0bbf547098a.pdf a9bf37e50410e2098bf3ab86318f1e08 PDF Text Text I - r J f r r r r r r r r r Municipal Comprehensive Plan Update �1 1 1 I CITY OF PORTAGE, MICHIGAN RESOLUTION ADOPTING A COMPREHENSIVE (MASTER) PLAN FOR THE CITY OF PORTAGE BY THE PORTAGE CITY PLANNING COMMISSION At a regular meeting of the Planning Commission of the City of Portage, Michigan. held on the 15th day of August, 1996 at 7:00 p.m. local time in the Council Chambers, Portage City Hall, City of Portage, Michigan. Ron ~ushouse; Eric Guerin; Barb Y.acznarek; Ron Masek; PRESENT: Phyllis Music; Art Roberts; Pete Strazdas; Lee .\ndrea, Chairn-:tn ABSENT: None The following resolution was offered by Commissioner Strazdas by Commissioner _ _R_ob_e_r_t_s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _..., and supported WHEREAS. Act No. 285 of the Public Acts of the State of Michigan for 1931 as amended mandates that the planning commission of a municipality make and adopt a comprehensive (master) plan for the physical development of the municipality and fringe areas; and WHEREAS, the Portage City Planning Commission has prepared such a plan for the territory of the City of Portage; and WHEREAS, after causing such notice to be given in the manner prescribed by law. and public hearings having been held on July 18, 1996 and August 15, 1996, in order to give the citizens of the City of Portage and surrounding areas an opportunity to be heard. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City of Portage, Michigan Master Plan, Community Profile and Alternative Future Land Use Patterns reports which include various maps and charts, including, but not limited to. the "Future Land Use Plan" is hereby adopted. BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that this action be recorded on the map and plan and descriptive matter by the identifying signature of the chairman and secretary of the City of Portage Planning Commission. BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that an attached copy of the plan be certified to the Portage City Council and the Kalamazoo County Register of Deeds. AYES: J3ushouse, Guerin, Kaczmarek, Hasek, Music, Roberts, Strazdas, Andrea NAYS: None ------------------------ RESOLUTION DECLARED ADOPTED. CERTIFICATE I hereby certify that the foregoing is a true and complete copy of a resolution adopted at a regular meeting of the Planning Commission of the City of Portage, Kalamazoo County, Michigan, held on the 15th day of August, 1996, the original of which is on file in the office of the City Clerk. c:2:lpon'nalalm,nm.rw 11-f RCIJIDAl'IQ RRI ~- . 7(}..sit;<,, kt c:rTY ATTORNEY ~&n'k~ James R. Hudson.ltYCierk �r MUNICIPAL COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: ( ' MASTER PLAN (FINAL) Prepared for: CITY OF PORTAGE (MICHIGAN) PLANNING COMMISSION Funded by: CITY OF PORTAGE (MICHIGAN) For further information contact: DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CITY OF PORT AGE 7900 SOUTH WESTNEDGE AVENUE PORTAGE, MICHIGAN 49002 (616) 329-4477 (616) 329-4506 FAX 1 1 I AUGUST 15, 1996 �( r , f PLANNING COMMISSION MEMBERS LEE ANDREA RONALD J. BUSHOUSE JOSEPH Fox (former member) ERIC GUERIN BARBARA ANN KACZMAREK MICHAEL KOUNELIS RONALD G. MASEK PHYLLIS MUSIC ARTHUR E. ROBERTS JOSEPH SANNELLA (former member) JAMES E. SMITH (former member) LINDA G. STAFFORD (former member) PETER STRAZDAS JAMES WHITE (former member) CITY ADMINISTRATION MICHAEL L. STAMPFLER, CITY MANAGER CITY ATTORNEY RANDALL L. BROWN DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT JEFFREY M. ERICKSON, DIRECTOR CHRISTOPHER FORTH, DEPUTY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SERVICES THOMAS SHIRCEL, ASSIST ANT CITY PLANNER CONSULTANT 1 1 1 1 THE CORRADINO GROUP 200 SOUTH FIFTH STREET/SUITE 300N LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY 40202 �I PREFACE ( The Municipal Comprehemive Plan Update for the City of Portage is intended to direct "the future physical development of the community" by "serving as a policy guide to decision makers." Its "overall goal is to provide for a system of managing growth which results in a more efficient pattern of development, enhancing the quality of community life ." This "Master Plan" report constitutes the guide for development decisions in the City of Portage in fulfillment of Michigan Compiled Laws 125.36. It is complemented by two background reports providing its foundation : • the "Community Profile: Existing Condition/2015 Outlook" report documenting the comprehensive survey s and studies of present conditions and future growth of the City of Portage in fulfillment of Michigan Complied Laws 125.37; and • the "Alternative Future Land Use Patterns" report documenting the evaluation of alternative future land use patterns and the selection of a preliminary preferred future land use map for the City of Portage in fulfillment of Michigan Complied Laws 125 .37 . The Municipal Comprehensive Plan Update consists of four volumes: I 1 1 1 • Community Profile: Existing Conditions/2015 Outlook; • Alternative Future Land Use Patterns; • Master Plan ; and • Summary. The "Master Plan" report supersedes information found in the first two background reports . �City of PORTAGE A Place for Opportunities To Grow Municipal Comprehensive Plan Update Master Plan �TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE CHAPTER 1: A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. CHAPTER 2: A. B. C. D. CHAPTER 3: A. B. C. INTRODUCTION .......................................................•..................................................••.•.......... 1-1 THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN .............................................•...............•.•......•.•.....••............... 1-1 1. The Master Plan ......................•..•................................................•......••..•.•..•.•.•••........... 1-1 2. Comprehensive Plan Process ........................................................................................ 1-l WHO DEVELOPED THE PLAN? ..............•.•......•........•.•.•.•..................................................... 1-4 THE PURPOSE OF THE PLAN ...........................•..............................•..................................... 1-4 WHAT AREA DOES THE PLAN COVER? ...............................................•............................ 1-5 WHAT IS IN THE PLAN? .......................................................................................................... 1-5 WHY DOES THE PLAN CONTAIN WHAT IT DOES? ....................................•................... 1-6 HOW WAS THE PLAN APPROVED? ..................................................................................... 1-6 WHAT DOES THE PLAN REQUIRE? .................................................................................... 1-6 HOW TO USE THE PLAN ......................................................................................•...•.......•.....• 2-1 OVERVIEW OF THE PLAN ..................................................................................................... 2-1 REVIEW OF LAND USE CHANGE PROPOSALS ................................................................ 2-l 1. Consistency with Future Land Use Map ..................................................................... 2-2 2. Consistency with Guidelines ......................................................................................... 2-2 3. Consistency with the Comprehensive Plan .................................................................. 2-3 FOUNDATION FOR GROWTH MANAGEMENT MECHANISMS ................................... 2-3 1. Subdivision and Condominium Regulations ................................................................ 2-3 2. Land use Regulations .................................................................................................... 2-4 3. Capital Improvement Programs ................................................................................... 2-4 OTHER PLAN USES .................................................................................................................. 2-4 1. Property Acquisition Programs .................................................................................... 2-4 2. Property Redevelopment Programs ............................................................................. 2-5 3. Housing Programs ......................................................................................................... 2-5 4. Economic Development Efforts .................................................................................... 2-5 5. Private Land Use Decisions ........................................................................................... 2-5 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES WITH GUIDELINES ................................................................ 3-l OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................. 3-1 GOALS FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................. 3-l 1. Land Use and Development .......................................................................................... 3- l 2. Natural/Cultural Resources .......................................................................................... 3-3 3. Economy/Marketplace .................................................................................................. 3-3 4. Housing ........................................................................................................................... 3-4 5. Transportation ............................................................................................................... 3-4 6. Utility Infrastructure ..................................................................................................... 3-4 7. Community Facilities ..................................................................................................... 3-4 GOALS ......................................................................................................................................... 3-5 1. Land Use and Development .......................................................................................... 3-5 2. Natural/Cultural Resources .......................................................................................... 3-5 3. Economy/Marketplace .................................................................................................. 3-5 4. Housing ........................................................................................................................... 3-6 5. Transportation ............................................................................................................... 3-6 6. Utility Infrastructure ..................................................................................................... 3-6 7. Community Facilities ..................................................................................................... 3-6 �1 D. I J 1 I I E. OBJECTIVES .....................................................................................................•........................ 3-6 1. Land Use and Development .......................................................................................... 3-6 2. Natural/Cultural Resources .......................................................................................... 3-7 3. Economy/Marketplace .................................................................................................. 3-8 4. Housing ........................................................................................................................... 3-9 5. Ttansportation ............................................................................................................... 3-9 6. Utility Infrastructure ................................................................................................... 3-10 7. Community Facilities ................................................................................................... 3-ll GUIDELINES ..........•................•................................................................................................. 3-11 1. Land Use and Development ........................................................................................ 3-11 2. Natural/Cultural Resources ..........................................•............................................. 3-26 3. Economy/Marketplace ................................................................................................ 3-29 4. Housing ......................................................................................................................... 3-31 5. Transportation ............................................................................................................. 3-32 6. Utility Infrastructure ................................................................................................... 3-38 Community Facilities ................................................................................................... 3-40 7. CHAPTER 4: LAND USE ...................................................................................................................................... 4-1 A. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 4-l B. GENERAL .................................................................................................................................... 4-l 1. Vacant Land ......................................................................................•............................ 4-1 2. Intensive Agriculture ..................................................................................................... 4-3 C. RESIDENTIAL .....................................................................................................•...................... 4-3 I. Definition ........................................................................................................................ 4-3 2. Existing Residential ....................................................................................................... 4-5 3. Existing Vacant Residential .......................................................................................... 4-5 4. Projected Residential Demand ...................................................................................... 4-5 5. Future Residential Designation .................................................................................... 4-6 6. Residential Development Opportunities ...................................................................... 4-6 7. Residential Use Conclusion ........................................................................................... 4-7 D. OFFICE ........................................................................................................................................ 4-7 1. Definition ..............................................................................................................•......... 4-7 2. Existing, Vacant and Projected Office Use .................................................................. 4-8 3. Future Office Designation ............................................................................................. 4-8 4. Office Development Opportunities ............................................................................... 4-8 5. Office Use Conclusion ..............................................................................................•..... 4-9 E. COMMERCIAL •......................................................................................................................... 4-9 1. Definition ........................................................................................................................ 4-9 2. Existing Commercial ................................................................................................... 4-10 3. Existing Vacant Commercial ...................................................................................... 4-10 4. Projected Commercial Demand .................................................................................. 4-13 5. Future Commercial Designation ................................................................................. 4-13 6. Commercial Development Opportunities .................................................................. 4-14 7. Commercial Use Conclusion ....................................................................................... 4-15 F. INDUSTRIAL ............................................................................................................................ 4-15 1. Definition .........•............................................................................................................ 4-15 2. Existing Industrial ....................................................................................................... 4-16 3. Existing Vacant Industrial .......................................................................................... 4-16 4. Projected Industrial Demand ...................................................................................... 4-16 5. Future Industrial Designation .................................................................................... 4-16 6. Industrial Development Opportunities ...................................................................... 4-18 7. Industrial Conclusion .................................................................................................. 4-18 I 1) �I G. H. I. J. RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE ....................................................................................... 4-19 I. Definition ..........•......•.................................................................................................... 4-19 2. Existing Recreation and Open Space ......................................................................... 4-19 3. Proiected Recreation Demand .................................................................................... 4-19 4. Recreation and Open Space Designation ................................................................... 4-19 5. R'ecreation Opportunities and Conclusion ................................................................ 4-20 PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC ...•...........................................................•.•............................. 4-20 1. Definition ...................................................•.........•...•.................•.................................. 4-20 2. Existing Public Land ................................................................................................... 4-20 3. Public Use (Community Facilities) Designation ........................................................ 4-20 4. City Centre Area .......................................................................................................... 4-21 LAND USE/INFRASTRUCTURE INTERFACE ..........•..•.....................•......••.••........•.•...•.•.•. 4-21 I. Transportation ............................................................................................................. 4-21 2. Utilities ...•...............................•.................................•............................••...........•.•........ 4-24 LAND USE/ENVIRONMENTAL INTERFACE ....•..........•.•...•...•.....•...............•...•.•..•.••........ 4-24 CHAPTER 5: NATURAL/CULTURAL RESOURCES ...................................................................................... 5-l A. INTRODUCTION ...........................•............................................................................................ 5-l B. NATURAL RESOURCES ........................................................................................................... 5-l I. Soils ................................................................................................................................. 5-l 2. Water Resources and Floodplains ................................................................................ 5-l 3. Land Resources .............................................................................................................. 5-3 4. Sensitive Land Areas ..................................................................................................... 5-3 C. CULTURAL RESOURCES .........•............................................................•................................. 5-7 I. Archaeological Sites ....................................................................................................... 5-7 2. Historical Sites ............................................................................................................... 5-7 I I 1 I 1 I 1 1 CHAPTER 6: RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE ............................................................................................ 6-l A. OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................. 6-l B. EXISTING LOCAL PARKS AND OPEN SPACES .....•........................•................•.........•....... 6-l I. Neighborhood Parks/Playgrounds ............................................................................... 6-l 2. Community Parks ., ........................................................................................................ 6-3 3. Open Space Areas .......................................................................................................... 6-3 C. EXISTING REGIONAL PARKS AND PRESERVES ..............•.............................................. 6-4 I. Regional Parks ............................................................................................................... 6-4 2. Lakes .................................................•........•.............................................•............•......... 6-4 3. State Game Preserves .................................................................................................... 6-4 D. FUTURE RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE NEEDS .....................................................•.... 6-5 I. Park Land Needs............................................................................................................ 6-5 2. Open Space Needs .......................................................................................................... 6-5 3. Lake Area Needs .......................................................................................................... 6-IO 4. Recreational Facility Needs ........................................................................................ 6-10 E. FUTURE RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE RECOMMENDATIONS ..................•....... 6-11 1. Neighborhood and Community Parks ....................................................................... 6- l l 2. Open Space ................................................................................................................... 6-ll 3. Regional Parks ............................................................................................................. 6-12 CHAPTER 7: ECONOMY/MARKET PLACE .................................................................................................... 7-l A. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 7-l B. FOUNDATION ............................................................................................................................ 7-2 C. WEALTH AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ...............•...........................................•........ 7-3 I. Primary Jobs .................................................................................................................. 7-3 2. The Economic Community ............................................................................................ 7-3 111 �D. 1 1 E. F. BUSINESS CLIMATE AND SUPPORT ................•..................................................•............... 7-3 1. Portage's Competitive Position ..................................................................................... 7-3 2. Economic Development Programs................................................................................ 7-4 3. Financial Resources and Incentives ............................................................................. 7-5 4. Public Taxes and Regulations ....................................................................................... 7-5 5. Utilities ............................................................................................................................7-6 6. Business Maintenance, Attraction. and Retention ...................................................... 7-6 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES ............................................................... 7-6 1. Physical Sites and Facilities .......................................................................................... 7-6 2. Office Development Opportunities ............................................................................... 7-6 3. Portage Commerce Square and Westnedge Avenue Commercial Corridor............. 7-7 4. Portage Road Commercial Corridor and Other Commercial Development Opportunities ............................................................................................................... 7-15 5. Summary of Commercial Development Opportunities ............................................ 7-15 6. Industrial Development Opportunities ...................................................................... 7-15 7. The Comprehensive Plan as an Attraction ................................................................ 7-18 8. Regional Coordination ................................................................................................ 7-18 9. Summary ...................................................................................................................... 7-18 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ACTIONS .•...................................................................•...... 7-20 1. General Actions ............................................................................................................ 7-20 2. Office Development Actions ........................................................................................ 7-20 3. Retail Development Actions ........................................................................................ 7-20 4. Industrial Development Actions ................................................................................. 7-21 CHAPTER 8: HOUSING .........•............................................................................................................................. 8-1 A. INTRODUCTION .............................•...........•.............................................................................. 8-1 B. HOUSING DENSITIES AND TYPES ....................................................•......•...................•.......8-2 C. HOUSING OPPORTUNITIES ................................................................................................... 8-2 1. Smaller Lots ................................................................................................................... 8-2 2. Multi-Family Areas ....................................................................................................... 8-2 3. Planned Unit Residential ............................................................................................... 8-3 D. HOUSING PRESERVATION AND MAINTENANCE ........................................................... 8-3 E. HOUSING REVITALIZATION AND REDEVELOPMENT.................................................. 8-4 I 1 1 I CHAPTER 9: TRANSPORTATION ..••........•........................................................................................................ 9-1 A. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 9-1 B. MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN ............................................................•............................ 9-1 1. Preservation of Right-of-Way ....................................................................................... 9-2 2. Thoroughfare Design Standards ................................................................................ 9-13 3. Identification of Transportation Improvements ....................................................... 9-13 4. Maior Street Corridors ............................................................................................... 9-20 C. BIKEWAY AND WALKWAY PLANS ................................................................................... 9-21 1. Walkway Plan .............................................................................................................. 9-23 2. Bikeway Plan ................................................................................................................ 9-25 D. BUS ....................................................................................................................................... 9-27 E. RAIL ....................................................................................................................................... 9-29 F. AIR ...........................................................................................................................•........... 9-29 I I CHAPTER 10: UTILITY INFRASTRUCTURE ...•................•..................................................................•.•...... 10-1 A. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................•.•............... 10-1 B. PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM .............................................................................•....................... 10-1 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 10-1 2. Service Area/Supply .................................................................................................... 10-1 3. Distribution .........................................................................................•........................ 10-3 4. Water Storage .............................................................................................................. 10-3 I I IV , �C. D. E. 5. Public Water System Improvements' ......................................................................... 10-3 SANITARY SEWER SYSTEM ................................................................................................ 10-5 DRAINAGE SYSTEM .............................................................................................................. 10-8 1. Well Head Protection .................................................................................................. 10-8 2. Best Management Practices for Stormwater RunofT.............................................. 10-10 3. Drainage Improvements ............................................................................................ 10-10 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................ 10-12 CHAPTER 11: COMMUNITY FACILITIES .................................................................................................... 11-l A. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 11-l B. GENERAL GOVERNMENT FACILITIES ............................................................................ 11-l 1. Municipal Buildings .................................................................................................... 11-l 2. Library.......................................................................................................................... 11-l C. PUBLIC PROTECTION FACILITIES ................................................................................... 11-1 1. Fire ................................................................................................................................ 11-1 2. Police ............................................................................................................................. 11-3 D. EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES ................................................................................................ 11-3 1. Elementary Schools ..................................................................................................... 11-3 2. Middle & Senior High Schools ................................................................................... 11-4 3. Special Education ........................................................................................................ 11-4 4. Post-Secondary Education .......................................................................................... 11-4 5. Vocational Education .................................................................................................. 11-4 E. RECREATIONAL/ENTERTAINMENT/CULTURAL F ACILITIES .........................•........ 11-4 F. HEALTH FACILITIES ............................................................................................................. 11-5 CHAPTER 12: FUTURE LAND USE PATTERN ............................................................................................. 12-l A. GENESIS .................................................................................................................................... 12-l B. FOCUS ....................................................................................................................................... 12-1 C. MAJOR FEATURES ................................................................................................................. 12-2 1. Residential (Housing) .................................................................................................. 12-2 2. Oflice ............................................................................................................................. 12-3 3. Commercial .................................................................................................................. 12-4 4. Industrial ...................................................................................................................... 12-6 5. Open Space and Recreation (NaturaVCultural Resources) ..................................... 12-7 6. Public Use (Community Facilities) ............................................................................. 12-7 7. Transportation ............................................................................................................. 12-7 I CHAPTER 13: IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES AND ACTIONS .......................................................... 13-1 A. OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................... 13-1 B. AVAILABLE TOOLS ............................................................................................................... 13-l 1. Land Use Regulations .................................................................................................. 13-1 2. Capital Improvement Programs ................................................................................. 13-2 3. Property Acquisition Programs .................................................................................. 13-3 4. Revenue Policies ........................................................................................................... 13-3 C. TOOLS EXERCISED ................................................................................................................ 13-3 1. Land Use Regulations .................................................................................................. 13-3 2. Capital Improvement and Other Expenditure Programs ........................................ 13-4 3. Property Acquisition Programs .................................................................................. 13-5 4. Revenue Policies ........................................................................................................... 13-5 V �D. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES ..................................................................................... 13-5 I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Land Use Regulations .................................................................................................. 13-5 Capital Improvement and Other Expenditure Programs ........................................ 13-7 Property Redevelopment Programs ........................................................................... 13-8 Property Interest Acquisition Programs .................................................................... 13-8 Revenue Policies ........................................................................................................... 13-8 Listing of Implementation Recommendations ........................................................... 13-9 w:\ 1699\chapter• .ext w :\ 1699\masterpt\masterO I .doc VI �FIGURES FIGURE 1-1 FIGURE 1-2 FIGURE3-l FIGURE4-l FIGURE 5-1 FIGURE 5-2 FIGURE 5-3 FIGURE 5-4 FIGURE 5-5 FIGURE 6-1 FIGURE 7-1 FIGURE 7-2 FIGURE 7-3 FIGURE 7-4 FIGURE 7-5 FIGURE 9-1 FIGURE9-2 FIGURE 9-3 FIGURE 9-4 FIGURE 9-5 FIGURE9-6 FIGURE 9-7 FIGURE 10-1 FIGURE 10-2 FIGURE 10-3 FIGURE 10-4 FIGURE 11-1 FIGURE 12-1 LOCATION MAP .................................................................................................................. 1-2 LOCATION MAP, DIFFERENT SCALE ........................................................................... 1-3 GOALS FRAMEWORK: TOPIC ORGANIZATION ....................................................... 3-2 CITY CENTRE AREA ........................................................................................................ 4-22 SOILS ...................................................................................................................................... 5-2 FLOODPLAINS ..................................................................................................................... 5-4 NATURAL AREAS ................................................................................................................ 5-5 SENSITIVE LAND AREAS INVENTORY ........•...•.........•.••.................•..•.•........................ 5-6 HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES ........................................................... 5-8 RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE PLAN ...•.......•....•..•.•.............................•.................... 6-2 MILHAM AVENUE OFFICE CORRIDOR ..•........•......................•.•.................................. 7-8 CENTRE AVENUE OFFICE CORRIDOR ......................................................................... 7-9 PORTAGE COMMERCE SQUARE AND WESTNEDGE COMMERCIAL CORRIDOR .......................................................................................................................... 7-11 SPRINKLE ROAD INDUSTRIAL CORRIDOR .............................................................. 7-16 SHA VER ROAD INDUSTRIAL CORRIDOR .................................................................. 7-19 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN .................................................................................... 9-5 URBAN SECTIONS ............................................................................................................. 9-15 FUNDED EXPANSION PROJECTS ................................................................................. 9-16 MAJOR TRAVEL CORRIDORS .................................•..............................................•..... 9-22 WALKWAY PLAN .............................................................................................................. 9-24 BIKEWAY PLAN ................................................................................................................ 9-26 TRANSIT ROUTE ............................................................................................................... 9-28 WATER SHED ..................................................................................................................... 10-2 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ................................................................................. 10-4 SANITARY SEWER SYSTEM ........................................................................................... 10-7 RISK ZONE DESIGNATION MAP ................................................................................... 10-9 COMMUNITY FACILITIES .............................................................................................. 11-2 FUTURE LAND USE ........................................................................................................... 12-9 w:\1699\chapterl .el(t I vii I �TABLES TABLE 2-1 TABLE2-2 TABLE 2-3 TABLE 4-1 TABLE 4-2 TABLE 4-3 TABLE 5-1 TABLE 6-1 TABLE6-2 TABLE 6-3 TABLE 6-4 TABLE 7-1 TABLE 7-2 TABLE9-l TABLE 9-2 TABLE 9-3 TABLE9-4 TABLE 9-5 TABLE 10-1 TABLE 10-2 TABLE 10-3 TABLE 13-1 GUIDELINES APPLICABLE TO ALL USES ...................................................................... 2-6 GUIDBLINES APPLICABLE TO SPECIFIC USES AND SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES ................................................................................................................. 2-7 GUIDELINES APPLICABLE TO PROGRAMS .................................................................. 2-9 COMPARISON OF FUTURE LAND USE DESIGNATIONS TO PROJECTED DEMAND .................................................................................................................................. 4-2 COMMERCIAL ZONING DISTRICT SUMMARY .......................................................... 4-12 INDUSTRIAL ZONING DISTRICT SUMMARY .............................................................. 4-17 RISK DESIGNATIONS ......................................................................................................... 5-10 PARK AREA AND OPEN SPACE STANDARDS ................................................................ 6-6 FACILITY STANDARDS ....................................................................................................... 6-7 TOT AL PARK REQUIREMENTS (1995 • 2020) ................................................................. 6-8 TOTAL FACILITY REQUIREMENTS (1995 • 2020) ......................................................... 6-9 ECONOMIC DIVERSITY ...................................................................................................... 7-2 PORTAGE COMMERCE SQUARE CHARACTERISTICS ............................................ 7-12 THOROUGHFARE DESIGNATION GUIDELINES .......................................................... 9-4 EXISTING THOROUGHFARE STREET SEGMENT CHARACTERISTICS ................ 9-6 PROPOSED THOROUGHFARE STREET SEGMENT CHARACTERISTICS .............. 9-9 STREET CROSS SECTION STANDARDS ........................................................................ 9-14 MINIMUM BIKEWA Y WIDTHS ........................................................................................ 9-27 CITY OF PORTAGE WATER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS: 1995-2020..................... 10-6 RISK DESIGNA TIONS ....................................................................................................... 10-10 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT CAPITAL PROJECTS (FISCAL YEAR 1996 THROUGH 2005) ................................................................................................................. 10-11 IMPLEMENTATION RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................. 13-10 w:\1699\chapter I .ext Vlll �"J1 ·'~ CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION • A. THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN 1. The Master Plan This is the Municipal Comprehensive Plan for the City of Portage, Michigan (see Figures 1-1 and 1-2). As with any plan the concepts expressed within should be continuously evaluated, and as needs arise, adjustments should be made in the basic document. Accordingly, this document constitutes the 1996 Update to the Municipal Comprehensive Plan of 198 I. 2. Comprehensive Plan Process Although most land in Portage is privately owned, the entire community has a stake in how it is used. The health, safety, and welfare of all the city's citizens are affected by the use of land. Access to property for emergency vehicles, energy conservation, traffic movement, neighborhood preservation. employment, air and water quality, housing costs. waste disposal, historic preservation, shopping and recreation - all of these and many other factors relate to the use of land. The Comprehensive Plan is the key public policy guide for managing the physical environment of the community, including the use of land, the phasing of infrastructure (roads and utilities) to support development. and the accommodation of community facilities and natural/manmade amenities, for the present and future . Ultimately, the Comprehensive Plan reflects the values of the community in balancing the competition for land to sustain the economic viability and the quality of life of the community. The comprehensive planning process for a community consists of: • • • • Taking stock of what a community is and how it has evolved into its present form; Analyzing the factors that influence a community in the future; Establishing goals, objectives, and policies to guide a community as it undergoes change and confronts development timing and location and supporting public investment; and Developing a program that will translate these goals, objectives and policies into reality. This program is referred to as the Comprehensive Plan, but the key words from the description above are process and change. Plans grow and change over time. A program for community development will accomplish its goals only if it is current and workable. Thus, because communities are constantly changing, the goals, objectives and policies guiding that change must be scrutinized from time-to-time to ensure continued effectiveness in achieving a desirable future for the community. Hence, a Comprehensive Plan is part of a continuing process that evaluates how the community got where it is, knows where it wants to go and how it is going to get there. I ' ' Keeping planning current and flexible is crucial to the ability to guide and balance development prospects as conditions change, unforeseeable events occur, old problems are solved, new ones arise and new methods are found to solve them. The City of Portage has continued the process of comprehensive planning by authorizing the 1996 update of the 1981 Comprehensive Plan. Since that 1981 Plan was approved, the City has experienced: PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL ) 1-1 �~ ~ llllal! ~ .. Grand Rapids ~ ~.... ==-i+~r Ann:,w~ .L ) I\.\ Di;:. -~-- /1 J-1~ ~' ---= Figure 1-1 LOCATION MAP 1-2 �ams-Ra,=k- - - . l,:k--1----1--'----l~---tf----+-f 1 1 Sdioolcra ft Fulton 1 1 1 1 Figure 1-2 LOCATION MAP 1-3 �• Industrial changes; • • • • More than two decades of demographic change representing two census reporting periods; Significantly new development, especially residential and commercial; The changing character of its central business district (Portage Commerce Square); and Replacement, upgrading, and normal aging of public facilities and infrastructure . • The 1996 Comprehensive Plan Update is intended to consider in detail how the changes described above, as well as other factors , are affecting, or will likely affect the future of Portage, and to outline appropriate strategies for directing this development. If the Comprehensive Plan is consulted in public and private decisions concerning the physical environment of the community and is flexible enough to guide rather than dictate decision-making, the 1996 Comprehensive Plan Update will be an important tool for community progress. B. WHO DEVELOPED THE PLAN? This Comprehensive Plan has been developed in conformance with Michigan Compiled Laws (MCL) 125.36. The 125.31 through 125.35 series of the Michigan Compiled Laws authorizes the creation of a Municipal Planning Commission and spells out its responsibilities and authorities, including the responsibility for developing a Master Plan, commonly referred to as the Comprehensive Plan. Michigan Compiled Laws 125.38 mandates the involvement of the public in the development of the Comprehensive Plan by requiring that "the Plan Commission must: I. Give notice and hold at least one ( I) public hearing on the Plan ; 2. Publish the time and place of the hearing in a newspaper of general circulation within the municipality." This plan was advertised in accord with these regulations in the Kalamazoo Gazette on the 2nd day of July, 1996. C. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 THE PURPOSE OF THE PLAN The purposes of the Comprehensive Plan are established in Michigan Statutes. In essence, it is a master plan for the physical development of the community. Under MCL I 25.37, the general purpose of the Comprehensive Plan is guiding and accomplishing a coordinated , adjusted , and harmonious development of the municipality and its environs which will. in accordance with present and future needs : I. best promote health, safety, morals, order, convenience, prosperity, and general welfare, as well as 2. efficiency and economy in the process of development; including, among other things, 3. adequate provision for traffic, 4. the promotion of safety from fire and other dangers, 5. adequate provision of light and air, 6. the promotion of the healthful and convenient distribution of population, 7. the promotion of good civic design and arrangement, PORTAGE C OMPREHENSIVE PLAr- UPDATE : MASTER Pl.AN REPORT ( FINAL) 1 1-4 �8. wise and efficient expenditure of public funds , and 9. the adequate provision of public utilities and other public requirements. Under Michigan law, a comprehensive plan is required for a community to establish a variety of land use controls including subdivision regula'tions (MCL 125.44), zoning regulations (MCL 125.581), planned unit development regulations (MCL 125 .5846), and site plan review regulations (MCL I 25.584d), as well as a capital improvement program (MCL 125.39). D. WHAT AREA DOES THE PLAN COVER? Under MCL 125.36, the Planning Commission "shall make and adopt a master plan for the physical development of the municipality, including any areas outside of its boundaries which, in the commission ' s judgment, bear relation to the planning of the municipality." The Planning Commission has chosen to prepare the Comprehensive Plan only for the geographic area within the municipal boundaries of the City of Portage. E. WHAT IS IN THE PLAN? The Comprehensive Plan consists of four volumes : "Community Profile--Existing Conditions/2015 Outlook"; ''Alternative Future Land Use Patterns"; "Master Plan" Report; and "Summary.'' The first two volumes document the comprehensive surveys and studies of present conditions and future growth (per MCL 125 .37 ). The last two reports constitute the Master Plan Report which provides the guidance for development decisions (per MCL 125.36). The Master Plan Report consists of thirteen chapters: I. Introduction 2. How To Use The Plan 3. Goals and Objectives with Guidelines 4. Land Use Element 5. Natural/Cultural Resources Element 6. Recreation and Open Space Element 7. Economy/Market Place Element 8. Housing Element 9. Transportation Element 10. Utility Infrastructure Element I I. Community Facilities Element 12. Future Land Use Map 13 . Implementation Strategies and Actions. The "Intro" sets the context of the Plan. It answers the who, what, where. when , and why questions. The "How to Use the Plan" chapter explains how the Plan may be used in physical development decisions ranging from land use to infrastructure improvements to revitalization programs. The Goals and Objectives constitute the future vision of the community, and are statements concerning the end results intended to be achieved through the use of the Comprehensive Plan. The broad statements are further refined by the Guidelines which are a series of statements that provide guidance for decisions and actions concerning use of land . The Guidelines are a contemporary interpretation and extensive refinement of the Goals and Objectives. They are a response to a number of current community issues, problems and opportunities. Proposals for changes in the way land is used will be reviewed against the Guidelines to detennine whether they are in agreement with the Plan. P ORTAGE C O MPREHEN SIVE PLA N UPDATE : MASTER P LAN REPORT ( FI NAL ) 1-5 �The eight elements of the Comprehensive Plan describe how future land use needs, supporting infrastructure and protection of the environment are to be achieved . The Future Land Use Map reflects a desirable future land use pattern for the community addressing future land use needs, ensuring an efficient development pattern and enhancing the quality of community life as set forth in the goals and objectives. The Implementation Chapter addresses appropriate actions for achievement of the Comprehensive Plan. F. WHY DOES TIIE PLAN CONTAIN WHAT IT DOES? The Comprehensive Plan satisfies community needs and legal requirements. In accordance with MCL 125.36, the Comprehensive Plan shall : show the Commission's recommendations for the development of the community, including, among other things: I. the general location, character, and extent of streets, bridges, waterways, flood plains, boulevards, parkways, playgrounds and open spaces, the general location of public buildings and other public property. and the general location and extent of public utilities, whether publicly or privately owned or operated, for water, light, sanitation, transportation, communication, power, and other purposes; 2. also the removal , relocation, widening, narrowing, vacating, abandonment, change of use or extension of an y of the foregoing ways, grounds, open spaces, buildings, property, utilities or temtinals; the general location. character, layout and extent of community centers and neighborhood units; and 3. the general character, extent and layout of the replanning and development; 4. as well as a zoning plan for the control of the height, area, bulk, location, and use of buildings and premises. The ability of a community to control its development through zoning ordinances, subdivision regulations, historic preservation ordinances, and other related ordinances is therefore dependent upon the development of a comprehensive plan which gives guidance to those further actions. G. HOW WAS TIIE PLAN APPROVED? The Planning Commission of the City of Portage is responsible for adoption of the Comprehensive Plan (MCL 125.36) after public notice and hearing (MCL 125.38). On April 18. 1995 , the City of Portage engaged the services of a planning firm, The Corradino Group with headquarters in Louisville, Kentucky. to assist in the preparation of the 1996 Comprehensive Plan Update. Over the following months the Planning Commission and City officials or Administration met and involved the public in a series of forums to develop this document which was presented for final public inspection and comment on July 18, 1996. Upon adoption of the Comprehensive Plan by resolution, the Planning Commission shall certify an attested copy of the Plan to the City Council and to the County Register of Deeds as the final action (MCL 125.38). H. WHAT DOES THE PLAN REQUIRE? Growth is certain to occur in the City of Portage in the near future . Growth in jobs, in population. in housing, and in the need for infrastructure will happen . The growth can be planned and managed by the will of the community to enhance and protect the way of life that has made Portage such an attractive place to live. Or, it can be unplanned and directed by the personal interests of individuals and groups concerned about their own needs but operating in ignorance or disdain of the community interests. PORTAGE C OMPREHENSIVE PLAN U PDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FINAL) 1-6 �This plan, followed by the continuation of growth management tools such as zoning ordinance and subdivision regulations, is a means to wise stewardship of community resources for present and future generations to provide a desirable living environment for all. The Plan requires only that it be considered in the process of making decisions regarding land use ordinances. It does not have legal enforcement P"Wers nor does it contain any penalty provisions. It does not alter the process presently in place in Portage for making such land use ordinance decisions. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE . MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL ) 1-7 �·- ., v' t CHAPTER 2: THE PLAN How TO USE Although most land in The City of Portage is privately owned, the entire community has a stake in how it is used. The health, safety, morals, order, convenience, prosperity, and general welfare of all the community' s citizens are affected by the use of land. Access for fire trucks to a piece of property, conservation of energy, traffic movement, neighborhood preservation, employment levels, protection from flooding, level of water pollution, utility bills, housing costs, preservation of history, convenience to work, shopping and recreation - all of these and many other factors relate to the use of land . The Comprehensive Plan is the key to managing the land and its future development in The City of Portage. A. OVERVIEW OF THE PLAN The Comprehensive Plan is a framework and guide for land use regulation, development actions, and decisions as well as public expenditures on infrastructure to support land use activities. It is a prerequisite in Michigan for establishment of a zoning ordinance. subdivision regulations, and capital improvement programs. It serves as the legal basis under Michigan Compiled Laws for determination of questions and issues regarding: • • • • • Definition of zoning districts (including overlay zoning districts and planned unit developments). Recommendations on zoning changes. Development of subdivision regulations. Preservation of street rights-of-way (i .e., Major Thoroughfare Plan). Development of capital improvement programs. An officially adopted comprehensive plan is required under Michigan Compiled Laws (MCL) for a community to adopt a variety of land use control mechanisms [MCL 125.39, 125.43, 125.581(2)) . The Comprehensive Plan for The City of Portage will be used by the City of Portage Planning Commission as required under Michigan law. It satisfies specific Michigan Compiled Laws legislation (i.e., MCL 125.36 and MCL 125.37) regarding infrastructure and community development issues, and finally it provides a series of goals, objectives and guidelines that will serve to guide The City of Portage' s growth in years to come. The following sections review key points about the Comprehensive Plan. B. REVIEW OF LAND USE CHANGE PROPOSALS Prior to approval of requests for changes in land use (i .e., rezoning proposals and Future Land Use Map amendments) by the Planning Commission, it must be found that the proposed changes are consistent with the Comprehensive Plan. Specifically, to determine whether a proposed land use change is consistent with the Plan, appropriate Guidelines in the Plan and the Future Land Use Map must be reviewed . In the case of a Zoning District Map (i .e., rezoning) amendment, the proposed land use change must be consistent with both the Future Land Use Map and Guidelines to be consistent with the Comprehensive Plan. When an amendment to the Future Land Use Map of the Comprehensive Plan 1s proposed, the proposal must be consistent with the Guidelines of the Comprehensive Plan . PORTAGE C OMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 2- 1 �1. Consistency with Future Lane Use Map The first test of consistency with the Comprehensive Plan is whether or not the proposed land use change is consistent with the future land use designation of the Future Land Use Map. If the proposed land use change and the future land use designation are the same, the proposal is fully consistent with the Future Land Use Map . If the proposed land use change is of a comparable or lesser intensity land use than the future land use designation, the proposal is generally consistent with the Future Land Use Map. For example, a land use change to offices would be generally consistent with a future land use designation for commercial because offices are generally permitted as uses of right in commercial zoning districts. If the proposed land use change is of a significantly different intensity than the future land use designation, the proposed land use change is not consistent with the Future Land Use Map. ln such cases, the applicant for a zoning district map amendment may wish to apply first for an amendment to the Future Land Use Map. If the Planning Commission makes a favorable recommendation on a Zoning District Map amendment (i .e. , rezoning) and/or the City Council approves a zoning district map amendment that is inconsistent with the Future Land Use Map designation, the Planning Commission should amend the Future Land Use Map consistent with the Comprehensive Plan Guidelines. Even though a proposed land use change is found to be fully consistent or generally consistent with the Future Land Use Map, it must also be found to be consistent with the Guidelines of the Comprehensive Plan . If the Planning Commission desires to change a future land use designation of the Future Land Use Map, the Goals, Objectives and Guidelines of the Comprehemive Plan should support the redesignation . 2. Consistency with Guidelines The second test of consistency with the Comprehensive Plan is whether or not the proposed land use change (i .e .. Zoning District Map amendment or future land use amendment of the Future Land Use Map) is consistent with the Guidelines of the Comprehensive Plan . If the proposed land use change is not consistent with the Future Land Use Map designation. examination of the proposal relative to the Guidelines is only fruitful to support an amendment to the Future Land Use Map. If the proposed land use change is generally consistent with the Future Land Use Map designation. demonstrated compliance with the Guidelines is critical to reach a finding of full consistency with the Comprehensive Plan. Not all guidelines apply in each case. In fact, some guidelines address housing and infrastructure programs, and do not apply to land use change proposals. At the end of this chapter, Table 2-1 lists guidelines to be reviewed for all land uses. In addition to the guidelines applicable to all land uses, guidelines are to be reviewed for the specific land uses (residential, office, commercial. industrial, and community facilities) and any special circumstances, referring to Table 2-2. Table 2-3 lists guidelines for use in reviewing public programs. To use the Plan, appropriate land uses and circumstances must be located on the tables . Applicable guidelines are listed after each land use and circumstance. Only those guidelines listed in the "guidelines to be reviewed" column will be used in the evaluation of land use change proposals. The letter preceding each guideline identifies the topic area in the Guidelines Section . The following codes are used : C CF H I M NC 0 R T u Commercial Community Facilities Housing Industrial Economy/Marketplace Natural/Cultural Office Residential Transportation Utility Infrastructure PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE Pl.AN UPDATE : MASTER Pl.AN REPORT (FINAL) 2-2 �For example, R-5 is guideline number 5 in the Residential area. Once applicable guidelines are identified, it is necessary to detennine whether the land use change is consistent with the guideline. The nature of these detenninations will vary. If a guideline states that high density residential development is appropriate only on or very near an arterial street, and if a proposal for high density development is on a major or minor arterial as designed by the Major Thoroughfare Plan, then a finding of consistency with the guideline is clear. If a proposal is not consistent with an applicable guideline, the people making the proposal have the opportunity to take appropriate corrective action to bring the proposal into consistency with the guideline. After a land use change proposal has been reviewed against each applicable guideline, and the people making the proposal have proposed mitigative actions to comply with the guidelines in question, a finding of consistency or inconsistency with the guidelines can be made. For a proposal (i .e., zoning district map amendment or Future Land Use Map amendment) to be in consistency with the Plan , it should normally be consistent with all applicable guidelines. Violation of any applicable guideline will typically constitute sufficient reason to find the proposed land use change to be inconsistent with the Comprehensive Plan. There may be exceptions to this rule. A proposal may be in violation of a guideline but still be consistent with the Plan. when : 3. I) The o verall intent of the Comprehensive Plan is followed . 2) The proposal does not substantially violate the applicable guideline or the adverse impact of the proposal on the community is minimal or nonexistent. 3) All feasible and practical methods have been exhausted for bringing the proposal into consistency with an applicable guideline. Consistency with the Comprehensive Plan For a proposed land use change concerning a Zoning District Map amendment to be consistent with the Comprehensive Plan. the proposal should be found to be consistent with the Future Land Use Map and the Guidelines . In the case of a proposed land use change concerning a Future Land Use Map amendment, the proposal should be found to be consistent with the Guidelines of the Comprehensive Plan to be found to be consistent with the Comprehensive Plan. C. FOUNDATION FOR GROWTH MANAGEMENT MECHANISMS The Comprehensive Plan serves as a guide for land use planning and management and development actions and decisions. The specific "tools" of the planning process include, but are not limited to, subdivision regulations, zoning ordinances. and capital improvement programs. Following the adoption of the 1996 Comprehensive Plan Update, the Planning Commission may recommend revisions to a variety of land management tools. 1. Subdivision and Condominium Regulations Subdivision regulations are the rules under which property owners may divide tracts of land . They cover factors such as design of streets, building locations, and required physical improvements to the land . They are intended to protect the property owner from inadequate services essential to the use of the property and to protect the community from excessive costs of improperly constructed facilities . The Planning Commission must review and approve an y subdivision of land in the City of Portage including condominiums. Under Michigan Compiled Laws (MCL) 125.43. the Planning Commission must adopt the Major Thoroughfare Plan component of the Comprehensive Plan to regulate the subdivision of land . Thus. the Major Thoroughfare Plan within the Transportation Element of the I 996 Comprehensi ve Plan Update is crucial to the preservation of right-of-way in the subdivision process as well as the zoning district map amendment process. The Guidelines of the Comprehensive Plan PORTA GE C OMPREH ENS IVE PLAN U PDATE MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FI NAL ) 2-3 �and the infrastructure elements of the Comprehensive Plan provide an underpinning as well as guidance in revision of the community subdivision regulations (per MCL 125.44). 2. Land Use Regulations Perhaps the most widely known Planning Commission authority is the responsibility to consider and recommend matters concerning the division of the community into zones and the regulation of land use activities and characteristics in these zoning districts (under MCL 125.581 through 125.584). The Zoning Ordinance defines what land uses can legally exist in each district as permitted and conditional uses. They also place various controls on these land uses such as height, yard requirements, parking, lot size, signage and landscaping, etc. Its purpose is to promote public health, safety and welfare. The Planning Commission serves in an advisory capacity to the legislative body for Zoning District Map amendments (i.e., zoning changes or rezonings). All zoning change requests come before the Planning Commission for a public hearing and Planning Commission recommendation, but the final authority on zoning rests with the legislative body (i.e., the City Council). The Planning Commission also serves in an advisory capacity for zoning regulation text changes. Michigan Compiled Laws 125.585 also authorizes creation of the Zoning Board of Appeals (ZBA). The ZBA has several authorities and duties, including hearing and deciding appeals of zoning enforcement actions, authorizing variances from the provisions of the zoning ordinance. and hearing and deciding exceptions in interpretations of the Zoning District Map and special approval situations. Under MCL 125.581 (2), the Comprehensive Plan provides the foundation for land use regulations including zoning overlay districts for specific land use management objectives or specific land use problems such as flooding (MCL 125.583), special land use regulations (MCL 25.584a). planned unit developments (MCL 125.5846), and site plan review regulations (MCL 125.584d). Accordingly, the Comprehensive Plan Guidelines provide an underpinning for various regulations; and the Comprehensive Plan Guidelines, Elements and Future Land Use Map provide guidance in the development and/or refinement of these regulations. As previously noted, the Comprehensive Plan comes directly into play in determining the appropriateness of proposed zoning district map amendments. 3. Capital Improvement Programs Under Michigan Compiled Laws (MCL) 125.39, the Comprehensive Plan is the basis for a capital improvement program. The City of Portage adopts a ten-year capital improvement program that is annually updated. Accordingly. the Infrastructure Elements (transportation and utilities). Recreation and Open Space Element and Community Facilities Element of the Comprehensive Plan serve as a source and provide guidance on public improvements. Further. the Major Thoroughfare Plan component of the Transportation Element and the Future Land Use Map provide guidance on the location of public improvements. Finally, the Guidelines of the Comprehensive Plan aid in identifying and evaluating locations and designs for proposed public improvements. D. OTHER PLAN USES The Comprehensive Plan also provides guidance on property acquisition programs. property redevelopment programs, housing programs and economic development efforts initiated by the public sector and property use decisions of the private sector. .:.. I. Property Acquisition Programs The Comprehensive Plan Functional Elements and the Future Land Use Map identify future needs for recreation, open space and community facilities where the city may acquire a full or partial interest in property to achieve the Goals and Objectives of the Comprehensive Plan. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE · MASTER PLAN REPORT {FINAL) 2-4 �2. Property Redevelopment Progra~ The Future Land Use Map identifies possible areas where redevelopment of property for other uses may be appropriate in future years. 3. Housing Programs' The Guidelines and Housing Element of the Comprehensive Plan support initiatives to conserve and rehabilitate sound housing and to broaden housing opportunities. 4. Economic Development Efforts The Comprehensive Plan Guidelines and Economy/Marketplace Element address actions to preserve, revitalize and attract business and employment to the community. 5. Private Land Use Decisions Obviously, the Plan guides land owners in the City of Portage. If land owners want to use their land in a new way, they need to identify the zoning district in which the property is located, and whether the zoning regulations allow the development of the proposed land use. If not, the owner needs to examine the Comprehensive Plan concerning the property. since a change in zoning must be consistent with the intent of the Plan. The land owner may individually develop a new land use or may team up with or provide an option to other people or businesses to develop the land. This partnership, agreement, or contract may involve any of a number of factors: market analysts to consider economic feasibility of the development; financial institutions to fund the development; prospective tenants for the development; surveyors to measure and map the layout of the land; planners and engineers to plan and design the development; architects to design the buildings; attorneys to represent the various interests in the development; businesses to prepare the land by putting in streets and utilities; builders to put up the structures; and so on. Along with the land owner, each of these people or firms have reason to analyze the Comprehensive Plan about a particular piece of property being considered for development, or for that matter, what the Plan recommends about all property in The City of Portage. The Plan may on occasion, or quite frequently, guide any number of decisions made by these property owners/developers . .::. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 2-5 �Table 2-1 GUIDELINES APPLICABLE To ALL USES Land Use Category Applicable To: All Land Uses Guidelines To Be Reviewed 1-8 Preserve Industrial Subdivision Sites A void Areas with Environmental Constraints Natural Drainage Channels Erosion Control Lake/Stream Buffering Protect Wildlife and Natural Areas M-5 Mixing of Uses T-1 Adequate Streets T-2 Pedestrian Movement T-3 Bicycle Movement T-4 Adequate Rights-Of-Way T-5 Roadway Cross Section Compatible with Area T-6 Access for All Transportation Modes T-7 Internal Circulation Design T-8 Higher Intensity Use Access T-9 Preservation of Through Traffic Capacity T-10 Adequate Off-Street Parking/Loading U-1 Existing Utilities U-2 Adequate Water Supply U-3 Adequate Sewage Treatment U-4 Adequate Storm Water Drainage U-7 Expansion of Sewers and Waterlines CF-8 Adequate Fire Protection NC-I NC-3 NC-4 NC-5 NC-9 Applicable If: In the I 00-Year Floodplain Site has Major Noise Problems Affects Historic Place/Structure Near or Within Portage Commerce Square Major Development near City Limits Transportation Facility Abandoned Transportation Corridor Utility Installation PORTAGE COMPREHE Sl\'E PLAN UPDATE NC-2 Development Restrictions NC-7 Discourage Noise-Sensitive Uses NC-8 Protect Historic Structures and Sites M-1 Site Planning Standards M-8 Coordinate Review T-11 Compatible Transportation Facility Design T-13 Transportation Corridor Preservation U-5 Compatible Utility Installation U-6 Underground Utility Installation MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 2-6 �Table 2-2 GUIDELINES APPLICABLE TO SPECIFIC USES AND SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES Land Use Categories or Special Circumstances Applicable To: All Non-Residential Applicable To: All Residential Applicable If: Mobile Homes Applicable To: Office Space Applicable If: Near or Within Portage Commerce Square Guidelines To Be Reviewed R-1 Protect Neighborhoods R-2 R-3 R-4 R-5 R-6 R-7 R-8 R-9 R- 10 R-11 H-2 Buffering Compatibility with Surrounding Uses Site Design Features Innovative Design (mixture of types/densities) Site Design Abutting Arterials Density Categories Low Density Location Criteria Medium Density Location Criteria High Density Location Criteria Floodplain Prohibition Mixture of Housing Types R-12 Mobile Home Grouping 0-1 0-2 0-3 0-4 0-5 0-6 0-7 Planned Office Centers Site Design Buffering Innovative Design Stand Alone Sites Location in Office Corridors Mixed Use Areas or Abutting Residential Areas M-6 Expansion of Portage Commerce Square PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 2-7 �Table 2-2 Continued GUIDELINES APPLICABLE To SPECIFIC USES AND SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES Land Use Categories or Special Circumstances Applicable To: Commercial Applicable If: Near or Within Portage Commerce Square Applicable To: Industrial Applicable If: Proposal Near Airport Near or Within Industrial Corridors Applicable To: Community Facilities Guidelines To Be Reviewed C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4 C-5 C-6 C-7 C-8 C-9 Planned Commercial Centers Stand Alone and Strip Commercial Sites Residential, Industrial or Recreational Areas Neighborhood Convenience Large Traffic Generators Location in Commercial Corridors Site Design Buffering Innovative Design M-6 Expansion of Portage Commerce Square 1-1 Location in Industrial Corridors 1-2 Site Design 1-3 Nuisance Mitigation 1-4 Hazardous and Offensive Uses 1-5 Next to Residential or Within Mixed Use Areas 1-7 Environmental Standards 1-9 Incentives NC-6 Storage/Waste Disposal Areas 1-6 Industrial Sites near Airports M-7 Industrial Area Expansion CF-I CF-2 CF-3 CF-4 CF-5 CF-6 CF-7 PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) Location and Expansion Criteria Compatibility with Surrounding Area Shared Sites Major Traffic Generators Residential Areas Preserve Facilities Use Existing Structures 2-8 �Table 2-3 GUIDELINES APPLICABLE TO PROGRAMS Pro2ram Ca1ie2ories Applicable To: Economic Development Programs Applicable To: Capital Improvements Program Applicable If: Major Infrastructure Investments Applicable To: Review of Development Controls Applicable To: Housing Programs Guidelines To Be Reviewed M-1 Business Outreach M-9 Facilitate Revitalization and Redevelopment M-2 M-9 T-1 I T-12 T-13 U-5 U-6 Public Infrastructure Expenditures Facilitate Revitalization and Redevelopment Compatible Transportation Facility Design Transportation Project Evaluation Transportation Corridor Preservation Compatible Utility Installation Underground Utility Location M-8 Coordinate Review M-3 M-9 H-3 H-4 Preservation of Land for Business Parks Facilitate Revitalization and Redevelopment Mixture of Housing Types Innovative Housing Design and Housing Types H-1 Housing Opportunities PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 2-9 �CHAPTER 3: GOALS AND OBJECTIVES WITH GUIDELINES A. OVERVIEW On June 22. 1995 , the Planning Commission reviewed an initial framework for the generation of goals, objective and guidelines. Draft goals were prepared on the basis of growth management issues (identified at May 25th public forums and May 25th Planning Commission workshop) and previous studies of development issues in Portage, and were presented for public comment at the second round of public forums and a Planning Commission workshop on July 27th . Based on comments of the public and the Planning Commissioners, the draft goals were revised and an associated set of objectives were prepared . With minor revisions. the Planning Commission on August 24th approved the goals and objectives as basis for proceeding with the generation of guidelines and for guiding the development and evaluation of future growth options. Draft guidelines were prepared and presented for public comment at the third round of public forums and a Planning Commission workshop on September 28, 1995. With revisions based on public and Planning Commissioner comments, the guidelines were finalized on October 26. l 995. In conjunction with the Future Land Use Map and the Thoroughfare Plan Map, the guidelines will be used to review development proposed for compliance with the Comprehensive Plan and to identify mitigative actions for bringing development proposals into compliance with the Comprehensive Plan. B. GOALS FRAMEWORK A framework was developed and refined for the generation of goals, objectives and guidelines by topical area. Figure 3-1 provides an overview of the goals framework as presented at the public forums and Planning Commission workshop on July 27 , 1995. The final goals framework follows . 1. Land Use and Development a) b) c) General Land Use Residential i) Overall Residential ii) Single-Family iii) Multi-Family iv) Mobile Homes Office i) Overall Office ii ) Professional Office iii ) General Office PORT AGE C OMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( ANAL) 3- 1 �"D ....~ ► lo) m ~,, ;JJ ~ i GOALS FRAMEWORK: Topic Organization "D (goals, objectives and guidelines) ~ i C ~ f ~ r:, !: ....~ u) ..... I ~ ~ :JJ ~ LAND USE and DEVROPMm -General Land Use -Residential -Office -Commercial -Industrial -Special Districts & Corridors NATURAl/CUlTURALRESOURCES -Natural Environment -Manmade Environment -Open Space & Recreation -Cultural/Entertainment Facilities ECOIIOMY/MARKO PUCE -Business Climate -Business Support -Business Retention & Recruitment -Revitalization & Redevelopment -Regional Coordination ~ f ~ --f i. r, ~ I: g HOUSING -Residential Character -Structure Preservation & Maintenance -Structure Revitalization & Redevelopment -Types 't> l'I) TRANSPORTATION -Roadways -Transit -Airports -Blkeways/Walkways -Railroads UTILITY INFRASTRUCTURE -Sewer Utilities -Water Utilities -Drainage Utilities -Electrlc/Gas/Telecommunlcatlon Utllltles -Solid Waste Disposal COMMUNITY FACRJTIES -General Government -Public Protection Facllltles -Educational Facllltles -Health Facllltles . �d) e) 0 2. 3. Commercial i) Highway Service (Motel/Hotel) ii) Neighborhood iii) Community iv) R'egional Industrial v) wholesaling/warehousing vi) light manufacturing vii) heavy manufacturing viii) transportation/utilities/communities Special Districts and Corridors ix) Portage Commerce Square x) Portage City Centre area xi) West Centre A venue high-tech/research office corridor xii) Industrial Corridors (Spri nkle and Shaver) Natural/Cultural Resources a) Natural Environment i) Natural Streams ii) Floodplains iii) Wetlands iv) Problem Soils v) Lakes vi) Game Preserves vii) Woodlands and Natural Areas viii) Water Quality ix) Air Quality b) Manmade Environment i) Urban Design ii) Historic c) Open Space & Recreation i) Parks ii) Green ways iii) Cemeteries d) Cultural/Entertainment Facilities Economv/Marketplace a) Business Climate i) Population/Income ii) Labor Force iii) Economy iv) Public Taxes and Regulation s b) Business Support i) Economic Development Programs ii) Financial Resources and Incentives iii) Transportation Systems iv) Communication Systems v) Physical Sites and Buildings vi) Travel/Conference Facilities vii) Utilities viii) Environmental Conditions c) Business Retention and Recruitment i) Business Outreach ii) Business Targeting PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASll:R PLAN REPORT (F!NAL) 3-3 �d) e) f) I Revitalization and Redevelopment i) Business Sectors in Transition ii) Geographic Areas in Transition iii) Industrial Corridors in Transition iv) Residential Neighborhoods in Transition t Regional Coordination i) Transportation and Utilities (sanitary sewers) ii) Community Facilities Development Controls and Incentives i) Zoning Classifications (residential cluster development) 4. Housing a) Residential Character i) Non-Residential Use Compatibility ii) Transportation/Infrastructure Compatibility b) Preservation and Maintenance c) Revitalization and Redevelopment d) Types e) Densities 5. Transportation a) Roadways b) Transit c) Airports d) Bikeways/Walkways e) Railroads 6. Utility Infrastructure a) Sewer Utilities i) Sewage Treatment Facilities ii) Sanitary Sewer b) Water Utilities i) Water Treatment Facilities ii) Waterlines iii) Well Head Protection c) Drainage Utilities i) Stormwater Retention ii) Stormsewers iii) Drainage Facilities d) Electric/Gas/felecommunication Utilities e) Solid Waste Disposal 7. Community Facilities a) General Government b) Public Protection Facilities i) police ii) fire iii) emergency c) Educational Facilities d) Health Facilities PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 3-4 �C. GOALS Draft goal s were presented to the public and Planning Commission on July 27th; and, on the basis of comments. a revised set of goals were prepared and presented to the Planning Commission on August 24 , 1995 . With refinements directed by the Planning Commission on August 24th, the goals are as follows : • 1. 2. 3. Land Use and Development: Goal I . I : A well-organized and efficient use of land to meet the future employment and living needs of the community. Goal 1.2: An appropriate balance between and within land use types. Goal 1.3: A balance in the use of land that meets the existing and future needs of residents and businesses while protecting the natural and historic environment for the enjoyment of future generations. Goal 1.4: A community with a continuing residential flavor and an attractive residential environment. Natural/Cultural Resources: Goal 2.1: Natural , historic and cultural resource preservation for the maximum benefit and enjoyment of all. Goal 2.2 : Air and water (both surface and ground ) quality consistent with the existing and anticipated future use of such resources. Goal 2.3 : A recreation system that meets the active and passive needs of the existing and future characteristics of the people of Portage. Economy/Marketplace: Goal 3.1 : Sensible and sustainable, high quality, economic growth and development of a kind consistent with a diversified economy and with environmental protection and at a pace supportable by the community ' s existing and reasonably anticipated future infrastructure. Goal 3.2: Office, commercial and industrial development in designated areas to provide for business expansion needs, while achieving compatibility with surrounding land uses, the environment and public infrastructure investment. Goal 3.3 : The location and timing of public infrastructure (modern transportation, water, sewer and utility systems) expenditures for sustained economic expansion. Goal 3.4 : Public programs, incentives, regulations and taxation policies that are consistent with development and environmental goals . Goal 3.5: Regional cooperation for an attractive business climate and for effective and efficient delivery of business support activities . PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FINAL ) 3-5 �4. Housing: Goal 4 .1: A residential flavor for Portage where the majority of the housing remains single-family detached structures. Goal 4 .2: N diverse and stable housing stock providing for a range of housing opportunities for all income groups and a suitable living environment for all persons. Goal 4.3 : 5. Transportation Goal 5.1: Goal 5.2 : Goal 5.3: 6. Goal 6.2: A transportation system adequate to accommodate the initial and ultimate development of Portage. Effectively use existing transportation system capital investments. The efficient maintenance and expansion of utility systems to serve development while protecting the environment, improving water quality, protecting development from environmental hazards and providing recreational opportunities. Public water, sanitary sewer and storm water drainage systems adequate to accommodate initial and ultimate development of Portage. Community Facilities: Goal 7.1: Goal 7.2: D. A balanced and coordinated, multi-modal transportation system for the movement of people and goods throughout the community in a safe, efficient manner. Utility Infrastructure: Goal 6.1: 7. Public programs, incentives, regulations and taxation policies that support the provision of housing opportunities for all persons .. High quality community facilities (municipal, police, fire, library, educational, cultural) to meet the projected changing needs, demographics and life styles and the health, safety and welfare of Portage residents. A variety of community facilities necessary to enhance community image and to contribute to a superior quality of life within Portage and the region. OBJECTIVES On the basis of public and Planning Commission comments on July 27th, draft objectives were prepared and presented to the Planning Commission on August 24, 1995. With refinements directed by the Planning Commission on August 24th, the objectives are as follows: ' Land Use and Development: Objective I.I: Objective 1.2: Concentrate future development in or adjacent to existing developed areas. Ensure the systematic development of residential , commercial and industrial uses in specific areas and corridors to take advantage of existing and future infrastructure improvements. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 3-6 �Objective 1.3: Foster the revitalization and redevelopment of existing uses which have deteriorated or have become obsolete. Objective I .4: Provide for the appropriate integration of different land use types and densities through location and design for compatibility. t 2. ' Objective 1.5 : Develop a balanced commercial base that meets the daily convenience needs of residents and employees while maintaining Portage' s position as the regional retail center for southwest Michigan and capturing the traveler/tourist market that passes through the community. Objective 1.6: Encourage the development of more corporate and regional office centers as well as office/research centers in Portage. Objective 1.7: Encourage innovative residential design to accommodate projected changing needs, demographics and life styles. Objective 1.8: Ensure the location and design of development to preserve natural areas, neighborhoods. and community character. Objective 1.9 : Permit innovative design to preserve and protect environmentally sensitive areas. Objective 1. 10: Protect sound residential areas from the intrusion of non-residential uses and from nuisances (such as traffic , noise and light) associated with non-residential uses. Objective I . 11 : Protect and preserve viable single-family residential neighborhoods. Objective I .12: Permit non-residential uses within residential neighborhoods when the location is essential or is supportive to the residential neighborhood. provided such uses are compatible with abutting residential development. Objective 1. 13: Permit the expansion of existing, non-residential uses within residential areas only when such expansion is compatible with abutting residential development. Objective 1.14: Ensure appropriate uses in and design of transitional areas between residential and nonresidential uses to ensure compatibility with the residential environment. Objective I. I 5: Ensure the compatibility between existing and future proposed uses on the boundaries of the community with other jurisdictions. Natural/Cultural Resources: Objective 2. 1: Protect environmentally sens1t1ve areas through the imposition of mitigative measures consistent with the scope and degree of potential impact from proposed development and the level of significance of such areas. Objective 2.2: Preserve environmentally sensitive areas through public acquisition and through incentives associated with taxation and development that encourage private preservation and dedication . Objective 2.3 : Preserve historic structures and landmarks through public acqU1s1t1on and through incentives associated with taxation and development that encourage private preservation and dedication or that facilitate adaptive reuse of the property. PORTAGE COMPREHENS IVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FINAL) 3-7 �3. ' Objective 2.4 : Protect water resources through the implementation of water management practices covering discharges into streams and lakes, storm water infiltration, and hazardous material spill prevention programs with water quality standards that are consistent with the designation of water resources for water-contact recreation or public drinking water. Objective 2.5 : Protect undeveloped areas along streams and lakes from inappropriate construction activities and land uses that would degrade water quality. Objective 2.6: Pursue the acquisition of land for neighborhood and community parks based on national recreation standards, when such parcels become available. Objective 2.7 : Maintain a coordinated and innovative approach to enhance existing parks, open spaces and vistas, historic landmarks and structures, cultural facilities, and recreation opportunities. Objective 2.8: Ensure state and local coordination in the appropriate reuse of State properties (such as game preserves) that no longer meet state objectives. Economy/Marketplace: Objective 3.1: Recruit businesses that are environmentally sensitive and that expand the economic diversity of Portage and that build upon the economic strengths of Portage. Objective 3.2: Ensure the public infrastructure expenditures (roadway, water, sanitary sewer and drainage systems) facilitate the office, commercial and industrial development in designated areas and corridors. Objective 3.3: Encourage development and activities which ensure the continued strength of the Portage Commerce Square, the central business area of the City. Objective 3.4 : Encourage planned commercial development in designated areas of the community to provide for business expansion. Objective 3.5 : Focus on general commercial development in the Westnedge Avenue and Portage Road corridors . Objective 3.6 : Encourage appropriate development along major streets and limit strip commercial development throughout the community. Objective 3.7: Ensure new uses along thoroughfares are designed to be compatible the thoroughfare through appropriate set backs, landscaping and buffering, and access, and through the minimization or elimination of direct property access to arterials. Objective 3.8 Permit limited commercial uses in residential neighborhoods that meet neighborhood convenience retail and service needs. Objective 3.9: Encourage development within the West Centre Avenue Corridor such as corporate and regional office centers, high-tech facilities and research-driven activities. Objective 3. JO: Identify primary industrial areas and marginal industrial areas (which may include obsolete sites or isolated industries), and provide for appropriate future development or redevelopment. Objective 3.11: Create specialized business parks for heavy industry, corporate offices, high technology and small to medium enterprises. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (PINAL) 3-8 �4. Objective 3.12: Identify industrial opportunities associated with the Kalamazoo/Battle Creek International Airport. Objective 3.13: Facilitate the environmental cleanup of abandoned industrial and commercial properties to• encourage reuse. Objective 3.14: Encourage and promote industrial development actJV1t1es in the primary industrial corridors within the community such as Shaver Road and Sprinkle Road. Objective 3.15: Ensure the transition from one use to another along arterials is compatible with remaining surrounding uses through screening and buffering, by the appropriate design of access to the property, and through preserving opportunities for access easements across property lines to minimize thoroughfare access points and to facilitate future access between adjoining parcels. Objective 3. I 6: Complement area-wide economic development activities to stimulate commercial and industrial growth in Portage and the region. Objective 3.17: Ensure an effective business outreach program to preserve and encourage the expansion of existing businesses in Portage. Housing: Objective 4.1 : Encourage single-family, home ownership through a range of housing opportunities for all income groups . Objective 4.2: Encourage a mixture of housing types in larger mixed-use, planned unit and residential development projects. Objective 4 .3: Encourage the preservation and rehabilitation of the existing housing stock through appropriate public programs, incentives, and policies. Objective 4.4 : Promote the reduction of the isolation of income groups within communities and geographical areas; and promote an increase in the diversity and vitality of neighborhoods through the spatial dispersion of housing opportunities for all. Objective 4.5 : Objective 4.6: Objective 4.7: I 5. Evaluate and implement, as appropriate, the provision of assistance and incentives (whether public expenditure, tax or regulatory) to local nonprofit housing organizations, housing providers and other groups in order to facilitate an expansion of housing opportunities. Ensure the provision of sidewalks in residential development. Promote awareness of the housing needs in Portage of very low to moderate income households and households with special needs. Transportation: Objective 5.1 : Objective 5.2 : Ensure adequate right-of-way is preserved to accommodate both existing and future transportation needs. Ensure that roadways are adequate to accommodate site-generated traffic at the time of occupancy, that the developer participates in the cost of transportation improvements PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 3-9 �directly necessitated by the proposed development. and that the public participates in the cost of additional capacity to accommodate future development. 6. Objective 5.3: Ensure the continuity of the functional, physical and aesthetic character of various classifications of streets in Portage. Objective 5.4: Ensure adequate financial resources are set aside for transportation facility (roadways, bridges, bikeways, walkways) maintenance and preservation before funds are allocated for capacity expansion. Objective 5.5: Emphasize, after maintenance, the preservation of the existing physical and functional capacity of major streets through the implementation of transportation system management techniques (such as intersection signalization, intersection improvements. access control , etc .) and transportation demand management techniques (such as ridesharing, preferential parking for multiple-occupancy vehicles. removal of physical access barriers to alternative modes, etc.). Objective 5.6: Evaluate capital investments in the roadway system on the basis of travel service, preservation of existing transportation investment, compatibility with the environment and desirable future growth patterns, multi-modalism and community characteristics. Objective 5.7 : Encourage alternative modes of transportation (including pedestrian, bicycle, ridesharing, forms of mass transit and so forth) when ever possible and where appropriate, through actions to remove design barriers to alternative modes and to incorporate them in development designs . Objective 5.8: Examine the appropriate reuse of abandoned transportation corridors for transportation and recreation purposes and preserve abandoned rights-of-way when appropriate. Objective 5.9: Address area-wide transportation issues through the Kalamazoo Area Transportation Study (KA TS) organization. Utility Infrastructure: Objective 6.1: Ensure adequate right-of-way and easements are provided for existing and future utility needs . Objective 6.2 : Ensure that water, sanitary sewers and storm water drainage systems are adequate to accommodate the demands necessitated by the proposed development, that the developer participates directly in the cost of utility improvements directly necessitated by the development, and that the public participates in the cost of excess capacity to accommodate other future developments . Objective 6.3: Encourage the expansion of the sanitary sewer system to all existing and forecasted land uses in Portage permitting on-site sewage treatment systems only for low intensity uses in areas where environmental constraints and ground water recharge are not a concern. Objective 6.4 : Pursue a publicly provided potable water system throughout Portage. Objective 6.5 : Ensure adequate provision and maintenance of storm water facilities to avoid flooding, to improve water quality, to preserve groundwater supply, to provide visual enhancement to the community and to provide recreational opportunities where appropriate . Objective 6.6: Focus improved and/or expanded sanitary sewers and water mains in areas or corridors that are the focus of industrial and commercial development. I PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FINAL) 3-10 �Objective 6.7: Promote underground utilities (electric, telecommunications) within the community. Objective 6.8: Promote the development of a high-technology utility infrastructure to support business, personal and public utilization of the "information highway ." • 7. E. Community Facilities: Objective 7.1: Pursue the acqms1t1on of land for community facilities (when such parcels become available) and the expansion of community facilities based on national standards. Objective 7.2: Plan and consider facilities necessary for expanding and aging populations within the community. Objective 7.3: Plan and implement programs and projects to enhance the City Centre Area. GUIDELINES Draft guidelines were presented to the public and Planning Commission on September 28th, and comments received were incorporated into the guidelines on October 26, 1995. These guidelines are intended for use by the Planning Commission and City of Portage staff to review public and private development projects (i .e., land use decisions), infrastructure improvement programs (i .e., public expenditures on streets, sanitary sewers, waterlines, drainage, etc., that influence the location, intensity and timing of development), and public programs (e.g., housing) that affect the physical environment. The guidelines also provide direction and underpinning for regulations that affect land use (e .g., zoning, subdivision, parking, landscaping regulations), may suggest incentives to influence community development and preservation (e.g., historic preservation easements), and may suggest adjustments to other policies, which influence the use of land, for consistency with community development and preservation objectives. The guidelines are derived from the goals and objectives of the Comprehensive Plan Update, and were initially used to guide the preparation of the Future Land Use map and the Major Thoroughfare Plan map. I. Land Use and Development: a. R-1 Residential Guidelines Protect residential neighborhoods from nuisances and adverse impacts associated with new or expanded nonresidential uses and from land use changes to non-residential uses within the neighborhood. Guideline application: Intent: All non-residential land uses. To protect people's living environment. To ensure that new or expanded non-residential land uses are not detrimental to existing or future residential areas. To prevent the conversion of sound residential uses within the neighborhood to non-residential uses . To maintain or strengthen the stability of neighborhoods. To recognize the vulnerability of residential areas to certain adverse impacts such as traffic, noise and light from non-residential uses. This guideline does not mean that new or expanded non-residential land uses are automatically inappropriate on the perimeter of residential neighborhoods, nor does it mean that discriminatory practices towards any group of people are acceptable. Rather, it states a primary emphasis of the Plan Update -- preservation of the single-family, detached structure. residential character of Portage. (Objectives: I. I0. 1.11 and 1.12) PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 3-11 �R-2 Ensure adequate buffering, screening, or other techniques that rrut1gate nuisances when new residential development occurs next to existing higher density residential uses or existing non-residential uses. Guideline application: Intent: All residential. To protect'people's living environment. To ensure that new residential development is not adversely affected by adjacent land uses. The developer of the new residential development is responsible for compliance with this guideline. Nuisances to be mitigated include through site design and building orientation: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) Automobile lights, outdoor lighting, or illuminated signs; Loud noises; Vibrations; Dust or dirt; Smoke, vehicular exhaust, noxious fumes, and odors; Litter or junk; Outdoor storage, parking, or other unsightly areas; and Loss of privacy for potential residents. Techniques to mitigate nuisances include: a) Buffering and screening such as fences , walls, or other physical barriers. vegetation or physical separation; and b) Site design and building orientation, including appropriate placement of windows and balconies. Appropriate techniques and the extent to which they need to be applied will depend on the nature and magnitude of the nuisances being mitigated and the physical relationship between the residential development and adj acent land uses. (Objectives: I.JO. 1.11 and 1.13) R-3 Ensure new residential development is compatible with existing, abutting residential or non-residential development in size, height, mass, and scale. Guideline application: Intent: ' All residential. To prevent significantly higher intensity residential development from abutting significantly lower intensity residential development. To prevent low density residential development from abutting high intensity office, retail and industrial development unless significant separation, screening and buffering are introduced. To encourage screening, buffering and separation as a means to create a visual transition between adjacent residential uses of different intensities and between adjacent residential and non-residential uses of different intensities. To encourage gradual , rather than abrupt, changes in size, height, mass and scale of abutting residential development and between residential and non-residential development. To ensure compatibility between adjacent uses of differing intensity, size, and land use. Very intense residential development--usually having a high density--has characteristics preventing location in some areas . Significant changes in scale and size between adjacent developments may be undesirable or incompatible. Residential development of significantly different size, height or mass to adjacent areas may require special site design, careful building placement, or extensive buffering and screening. Likewise, low density residential development may be inappropriate next to higher intensity non-residential uses without special site design for appropriate visual transition, and higher PORTA GE COMPREH ENS IVE PLA N U PDATE: MA STER PLA N REPORT (Fl1':AL) 3- 12 �density residential development may be more appropriate where limitations exist to appropriate separation, screening and buffering. (Objectives: I .4, I. 10 , 1.11 and 1.14) R-4 Encourage the design of residential development to: a) b) Provide adequate lot sizes and shapes to accommodate houses; and Provide planned, usable open spaces of adequate size to serve the needs of residents and assurances that such open spaces, if commonly owned, will be properly maintained; and Use, where possible, the natural drainage patterns; and Save, to the extent possible, the natural vegetation; and Create, to the extent possible, street patterns that discourage speeding and through-traffic; and Provide, where appropriate, walkways, bikeways, curbs, trees, landscaping, benches, bus stops, and other site amenities; and Allow for buffering and screening to provide privacy for residents; and Prevent signs from being a viwal nuisance or a safety hazard to vehicular traffic . c) d) e) f) g) h) Guideline application: Intent: All residential. To encourage the design of residential developments that provide for functional requirements of buildings. Minimum lot size and shapes are specified in land use controls; however, these minimums may not result in adequate lot widths and depths to accommodate the type of housing reasonably anticipated to be marketed in a specific area of the community. To minimize disruption of the natural site. To provide for recreational and pedestrian needs and to minimize traffic hazards. (Objectives: 1.8. 4.6 and 5 .7) R-5 Encourage innovative residential design such that a development may target a variety of markets, preserve and protect environmentally sensitive areas, and integrate different types and densities of housing while providing for appropriate transitions internal to the development. Guideline application: Intent: All residential. To ensure a good transition between types (single-family detached, townhouses, quadraplex. apartments, etc .) and densities of residential uses internal to a development or abutting the development. To permit the clustering of dwelling units at higher densities so that greater separation. buffering and screening may be used to create a visual transition between residential areas of differing intensities or densities, to provide appropriate separation and buffers for environmentally sensitive areas and to preserve environmentally sensitive areas. (Objectives: I .4, 1.7, 1.8 and 1.9) R-6 Ensure appropriate residential lot and subdivision design when new residential uses abut arterial roadways for improved compatibility and for roadway capacity preservation through (in order of preference): a) b) c) d) Creating reverse lots which front on local streets rather on the arterial; or Providing shared driveway entrances with hammerhead turn-arounds; or Increasing the front yard set back, providing a continuous hedge or earthen berm (or combination thereof) to screen the residential use, and providing a hammer-head turn around in the driveway so that all vehicles face forward when entering the arterial; or Providing frontage or service roads parallel to the arterial to increase residential separation from arterial traffic. to provide opportunities for landscaping/buffering/screening, and to eliminate direct property access to arterial street. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 3- 13 �Guideline application: Intent: All residential. To permit residential uses to locate along arterial streets when appropriate design is used for compatibility and for arterial capacity preservation. To discourage strip residential development • streets as a means to avoid infrastructure improvements. along arterial (Objectives: 1.2, 1.8, 5.3, and 5.5) R-7 Evaluate residential development on the basis of the following gross density categories: Low: Medium: High: Up to four dwelling units/acre Greater than four and up to eight dwelling units/acre Greater than eight dwelling units/acre Guideline application: Intent: All residential. To define density ranges to be used in the evaluation of residential proposals. To ensure that residential proposals are evaluated on their possible impact on adjacent areas, on the environment, and on community services and facilities rather than using housing type--e.g., multi-family, singlefamily , or town-house--as the only criterion. (Objectives: I .4, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9) R-8 Consider limitations to residential development to the "low density" category when: a) b) The development does not have a collector or higher street type for major access; or The development does not have both a public centralized sanitary and public potable water supply. Guideline application: Intent: All residential. To limit residential development where severe environmental conditions exist or where the infrastructure is not adequate to accommodate higher density residential development. To prevent severe soil erosion and sedimentation problems, foundation failures, drainage problems, sewage disposal problems, flood damage, and associated water pollution problems. To ensure that development of this density has streets with adequate capacity to handle traffic volumes generated. To prevent traffic congestion that wastes energy and creates more air pollution. (Objectives: J .8, 1.9, 5.2, and 6.2) R-9 Consider limitations to residential development to the "medium density" category or "low density" category when: a) b) The development site has soils characterized as wet; or A collector street is the highest available major access point for the development. Guideline application: Intent: All residential. To limit residential densities when severe environmental conditions exist on the development site. To prevent severe soil erosion and sedimentation problems, foundation failures, drainage problems, and associated water pollution problems. To create desirable land use relationships by locating higher residential densities on higher street classes, thereby making residential and non-residential uses more compatible and promoting complementary land uses . To ensure that development of this density has PORTA GE C OMPREHENSIVE PLA N UPDATE : MASTER PLAN R EPORT ( FINAL) 3-14 �streets with adequate capacity to handle the traffic volumes generated . To prevent traffic congestion that wastes energy and creates more air pollution. The appropriate street class must exist at the time the development is proposed or at the time the development will be occupied. Higher densities should be on higher street classes to prevent disruption to significantly lower density or intensity areas from excessive through-traffic . If access is not directly to a collector street, it may be on a lower class street provided access to the collector is not through a lower density residential or lower land use intensity area and does not create traffic problems. Medium density residential development may locate on an arterial street. Medium density residential development should have both a public centralized sanitary sewer and public potable water supply. (Objectives: 1.8, 1.9, 5.2, and 6.2) R-10 Locate residential developments of the high density category only where: a) b) c) d) There is a major access point on or very near an arterial street; and There is adequate water pressure and quantity for domestic use and internal fire protection systems; and There is a public centralized sanitary sewer; and No floodplains or wet lands are affected by site development. Guideline application: Intent: All residential. To locate higher residential densities on higher street classes, thereby promoting complementary land uses. To ensure that development of this density is located on streets with adequate capacity to handle traffic volumes generated . To prevent traffic congestion that wastes energy and creates more air pollution. To ensure adequate water pressure to reach upper floors of a higher building. The appropriate street class for high density development must exist at the time the development is proposed or is anticipated to be occupied. High residential densities should be on or very near arterial streets to prevent the disruption of significantly lower density or intensity areas from excessive through-traffic . If access is not directly to an arterial street, it may be on a lower street class provided the access to the arterial street is not through a lower density residential or lower land use intensity area and does not create traffic problems. The impact of high density residential development on the water system and fire protection is of particular concern due to the potential height and/or multiple floors of the building and the concentration of people. (Objectives: 1.8, 1.9, 5.2, and 6.2) R-11 Prohibit residential development in the 100-year floodplain . Guideline application: Intent: All residential. To prevent residential development in areas unsuitable for housing and living environments. To protect people and property from flood hazards. (Objectives: 1.8 and 2.1) R- 12 Provide for mobile homes in groupings which ensure that unique locational. compatibility, and safety requirements are recognized . Guideline application: Mobile homes. PORTAGE C OMPREH ENSIVE PLAN U PDATE: M ASTER PLAN R EPORT ( FI NA L) 3- 15 �Intent: To provide alternative living environments to community residents. To recognize that mobile homes can help satisfy the need for affordable, sound housing. Safety and tcompatibility objectives should be met by: a) b) c) d) Locating mobile homes in mobile home parks; Requiring appropriate anchoring devices and skirts; Providing lots of adequate size for fire protection and public safety; and Providing adequate open space. (Objectives: 1.4, 4. 1, and 4.7) b. 0 -1 Office Guidelines: Locate, where possible, office development in planned commercial or office centers. Also, locate office development: a) Where a conversi on from an existing non-office building to an office use is compatible with adjacent uses; or b) When an existing office use proposes to expand and the expansion is compatible with nearby uses; or c) d) When a proposed use is of an intensity and size to be comparable to a planned center; or When a proposed use requires a unique or special location in or near a specific land use or activity center; or e) Where land ownership patterns, existing land use conditions, or other circumstances make office development appropriate outside planned centers. Guideline application: Intent: All office space (public or private). To promote the development of compact groupings of office uses and buildings that: a) b) c) d) Cluster compatible office or commercial uses in common buildings or groups of buildings; Share vehicular access points and circulation patterns; Share utility hookups, service entrances, and other building systems; and Provide common pedestrian circulation. To utilize land in an economical manner and limit the number of access points to major streets, reduce traffic congestion and promote pedestrian safety. To discourage individual or isolated office uses from developing along streets. To promote a compatible relationship between office and commercial uses. (Objectives: I.I. 1.4, 1.6, 1.12, 1.13, 3.9 and 3.15) 0-2 Design office development : a) To include, where appropriate, circulation patterns for pedestrians, bicycles and handicapped people; and b) To provide, where appropriate, trees, landscaping, benches, bus stops, bicycle storage facilities and other site amenities ; and c) To promote a good transition between adjacent buildings and land uses in terms of building size, height, scale and materials ; and To prevent signs from being a visual nuisance or a safety hazard to vehicular traffic . d) PORT AGE C OMPREHE NS IVE P LAN U PDATE : MASTER Pl.AN REPORT (Fi NAL) 3-16 �Guideline application: Intent: All office space (public or private). To encourage the provision of pedestrian circulation and site amenities. To ensure compatibility between adjacent uses and to provide buffering for adjacent areas where necessary. To ensure that signs are n?t a nuisance. (Objectives: I .4, 3.15, 5.5 and 5.7) 0-3 Provide buffering, screening, separation or other techniques that mitigate nuisances when the development produces or is associated with nuisances or visually unpleasant characteristics. a) b) c) d) e) f) Automobile lights, outdoor lighting of illuminated signs; Loud noises; Odors, smoke, automobile exhaust or other noxious smells; Dust and dirt; Litter, junk or outdoor storage or Visual nuisances . Guideline application: All office space (public or private). Intent: To ensure that office uses creating nuisance provide adequate buffering and are not detrimental to adjacent land uses. To protect existing development. Buffering and screening techniques can include fences, walls, and physical barriers, as well as vegetation. Locating nuisances away from adjacent uses can also be used to prevent adverse impacts. (Objectives: I .4, 1.8, 3. 15 and 4.3) 0-4 Encourage innovative office design to preserve and protect environmentally sensitive areas and to create a desirable transition in the type and intensity of use. Guideline application: Intent: All office space (public or private). To ensure a good transition between residential and non-residential uses in terms of size, height, mass, setback and scale. To ensure the office structure and use fits the urban design character of neighborhood in which it is located. To minimize adverse impacts on environmentally sensitive areas such as wetlands. (Objectives: 1.4, 1.8, 1.9, l.14and3 .15) 0-5 Allow the development of individual office uses on separate lots when: a) b) c) Curb cuts will not create traffic problems or congestion and actions are taken, where appropriate, to create joint driveways and permit (existing or potential future) access between abutting properties; or A proposed development will not adversely affect the traffic-carrying capacity of a street; or A proposed use will not extend linear development to the extent that such a pattern creates substantial nuisances, hazards or disruptions to the area. Guideline application: Intent: All office space (public or private). To prevent single and individual office uses from developing along streets, contributing to strip development. To allow small office buildings that provide common vehicular access and parking for tenants. To prevent traffic problems and congestion. (Objectives: 1.4. 3.15 and 5.5) PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (F!NAL) 3-17 �0-6 Locate, when possible, office centers near existing office concentrations, along the West Centre Avenue corridor, and other designated corridors and areas as set forth in the Future Land Use Plan. Guideline application: Intent: All office space (public or private). To group ,offices together in relation to other office facilities and to encourage their location in designated areas and corridors. (Objectives: 1.1, 1.2, I .4, and 3.9) 0-7 Allow office development in mixed land use areas and adjacent to residential areas if: a) b) c) c) Direct access to a major thoroughfare (as defined in the Thoroughfare Plan) is provided; and Traffic problems and congestion are not created that adversely affect adjacent or surrounding areas; and The size, intensity, and character of the proposed use is compatible with adjacent areas ; and Nuisances are not created that adversely affect adjacent areas. Guideline application: Intent: All office space (public or private). To ensure compatibility between office uses and adjacent land uses. To allow development of mixed land use areas . To allow low intensity offices adjacent to residential areas with appropriate safeguards. Many office uses are complementary and compatible with other land uses. Office developments generally have fewer nuisances than commercial or industrial development. However, large office developments may be associated with high traffic volumes and a potential for traffic congestion. (Objective: 1.4) c. C- 1 Commercial Guidelines: Locate commercial uses only in existing or proposed planned commercial centers. Also, locate commercial uses : a) b) c) d) e) Where a conversion from an existing non-commercial building to a commercial use is compatible with adjacent buildings and uses; or When an existing commercial use proposes to expand and the expansion is compatible to adjacent uses ; or When a proposed use is of an intensity and size to be comparable to a planned commercial center; or When a proposed use requires a unique or special location in or near an existing specific land use or activity center; or When land ownership patterns, existing land use conditions or other circumstances make single-lot commercial development the only possibility. Guideline application: Intent: All commercial. To promote the development of compact groupings of commercial uses designed as a single unit that: a) b) c) d) Share vehicular access points and circulation patterns; and Cluster commercial uses together; and Share utility hook-ups, service entrances, and other building systems; and Provide common pedestrian circulation. To utilize land in an economical manner and limit the number of access points to major streets, reduce traffic congestion , and promote pedestrian safety. To restrict individual or isolated commercial uses from developing PORTAGE C OMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FINAL) 3- 18 �along streets or in non-commercial areas . To allow commercial uses in older or redeveloping areas. To allow single-lot development when a commercial use is appropriate and planned center development is not possible. Planned commercial center development is preferable to single-lot development. However, all commercial development should be reviewed on the above criteria. Examples of planned commercial centers include: a) b) c) Regional shopping centers -- typical 400,000 square feet of gross leasable space, range in size from 300,000 to 1,000,000 or more square feet of gross leasable space, with an emphasis on durable goods (e.g., one or more full-line department stores of 100,000 square feet as anchor tenants), attracting regional traffic and serving populations in the range of 150,000 or more people (2.0 square feet of gross leaseable area per person) . Community shopping centers -- typical 100,000 square feet of gross leasable space, for nondurable goods and durable goods (e.g. , variety, discount or junior department store as anchor tenant), serving 40,000 to 150,000 people (2.5 square feet of gross leasable area per person) . Neighborhood shopping centers -- typical 30,000 square feet of gross leasable area, range in size from 15,000 to 50,000 square feet of gross leasable area, for residential supportive uses (e.g., supermarket or drugstore as anchor tenant), primarily nondurable goods and personal services, serving 2,500 to 8,000 people (6 square feet of gross leasable area per person) . Examples of commercial uses having unique location criteria or being comparable in function to a planned commercial center include : a) b) c) d) Large discount stores ; Combination or large grocery and drugstores ; Large automobile dealerships; or Motels and hotels . (Objectives: I.I, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.12, 1.13, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.15 and 3.16) C-2 Allow the development of individual commercial uses on separate lots--strip commercial--only when : a) b) c) d) Curb cuts will be limited and designed so as not to create traffic problems or congestion; or A proposed development will not adversely affect the capacity of a street; or Locating in a planned commercial center is not feasible ; or A proposed use will not extend the linear development of commercial uses to the extent that such a pattern creates substantial nuisances, hazards, or disruptions to the area. Guideline application: Intent: All commercial. To prevent undesirable strip commercial development. To restrict linear and isolated development of single commercial uses along streets. To restrict commercial developments that do not share common access points, parking lots or other facilities . To prevent vehicular traffic problems and congestion. To utilize land in a more economical manner and prevent visually unpleasant and confusing environments along streets. "Strip commercial " development is a series of individual businesses on separate lots usually along arterial streets. There is no planned relationship or sharing of facilities between adjacent uses. Noncomplementary businesses and businesses drawing from different trade areas may be adjacent . Because individual businesses attract attention through uncoordinated or unrelated signs, lights, and color, strip commercial development often creates nuisances and is visually confusing for vehicular traffic. (Objectives: 1.4. 1.8, 3.4, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 5.5 and 5.7) PORTA GE C OMPREHENSIV E PLA N UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FINAL) 3- 19 �C-3 Allow commercial uses in: a) b) c) d) New residential developments where the commercial use mainly serves residents of the development (planned unit development) and is similar in character and intensity to the residences; or Older or redeveloping residential areas where the commercial use does not create nuisances and is compatible with the surroundings; or Planned industrial subdivision where the commercial use mainly serves people working in the industries; or Recreational and public areas where the commercial use is an ancillary use such as a concession business. Guideline application: Intent: All commercial. To allow some commercial uses in mixed land use areas. To encourage commercial revitalization in redeveloping areas. A neighborhood shopping center located in a planned residential development would be an appropriate commercial use. Restaurants and business services would be appropriate commercial uses in planned industrial subdivisions. (Objectives: 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.8, 1.12, 1.13, 3.6, 3.8 and 3. 15) C-4 Develop commercial uses serving small areas or neighborhoods or providing convenience goods: a) b) c) Preferably adjacent or near existing convenience shopping facilities ; and With safe pedestrian access; and With an intensity and size that would not adversely affect existing residential areas or businesses; and d) With a good transition between adjacent uses that reflects existing architectural and residential character. Guideline application: Intent: All commercial. To allow the development of small businesses serving a neighborhood function . To provide convenience shopping close to residential areas that is accessible by pedestrians. To ensure commercial uses locating in neighborhoods are compatible with existing land uses. To promote a good visual transition between buildings and uses. Examples of commercial uses serving areas or neighborhoods or providing convenience goods, including: a) b) c) d) Neighborhood shopping centers; Corner grocery, drugstores, and "convenience stores;" Small restaurants; or Barbers, laundromats, and dry cleaners. (Objectives: 1.1.1.3, 1.4, 1.5 , 1.8, 1.12, 1.13, l.14 , and3 .8) C-5 Develop commercial uses attracting large numbers of people or generating large volumes of traffic : a) b) c) Only on a major arterial street near the intersection of another arterial ; and Only in non-residential areas; and Only at locations where nuisances and unique characteristics of the proposed use will not adversely affect adjacent areas. PORTA GE C OMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 3-20 �Guideline application: Intent: All commercial. To prevent large commercial uses from locating in predominantly residential areas . To ensure that special considerations are given so that nuisances do not affect adjacent land uses. Certain commercial uses are of such size and intensity that their potential for creating adverse impacts on surrounding areas is great. The appropriate street class must exist at the time a development is proposed or at the time the development is anticipated to be occupied. Those commercial uses not providing direct retail services to immediate surrounding residential areas and generally generating in excess of 400 trips during the peak hour would be considered large attractors of people and large generators of traffic. (Objectives: 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, 3.3, 3.4, and 3.5) C-6 Locate "intensive" and "general" commercial uses in the Westnedge Avenue and Portage Road corridors and in designated areas as set forth in the Future Land Use Map . ~neral application: All commercial. Intent: To concentrate major commercial development in designated corridors and areas. To strengthen Portage Commerce Square as the central business area of the city. (Objectives: 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, and 3.6) C-7 Encourage the design of all commercial development: a) b) c) d) e) To include, where appropriate, circulation patterns for pedestrians, bicycles, and handicapped people: and To provide, where appropriate, trees, landscaping, benches, and other site amenities; and To promote a good transition between adjacent buildings and land uses in terms of size, height, materials and landscaping; and To prevent signs from being a visual nuisance or a safety hazard to vehicular traffic; and To preserve the traffic carrying capacity of streets through the minimization of entrances, use of joint entrances, frontage/service roads or easements for access between adjoining properties, as appropriate. Guideline application: Intent: All commercial. To encourage the provision of pedestrian circulation and site amenities. To ensure compatibility of buildings between adjacent land uses. To ensure that signs are not a nuisance or safety hazard . (Objectives: 1.4, 1.8, 3.7, 5 .5 and 5.7) C-8 Provide buffering, screening, separation or other techniques to mitigate nuisances when a commercial land use will produce or is associated with such nuisances as: a) b) c) d) e) f) Automobile lights, outdoor lighting, or illuminated signs; or Loud noise; or Odors, smoke, automobile exhaust. or other noxious smells: or Dust and dirt; or Litter, junk, or outdoor storage; or Visual nuisances. PORTAGE C OMPREHENSI VE PLA N UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FINAL) 3-21 �Guideline application: Intent: All commercial. To ensure that commercial uses creating nuisances provide adequate buffering and are not detrimental to adjacent land uses . To protect existing development. Buffering 'and screening techniques can include fences , walls, increased setbacks and physical barriers as well as vegetation . Locating nuisances away from adjacent uses can also be used to prevent adverse impacts. Screening of glare from commercial uses may not always be necessary . Automobile lights from a commercial use shining into a residential area are an example of when screening would be required . Loud noise is often associated with commercial uses attracting a large number of automobiles , businesses open late at night, and outdoor recreational facilities . Entertainment facilities may al so be associated with loud noise . Separation or isolation of commercial uses associated with noise is the most effective method to prevent nuisances . Some commercial uses are open for business after dark and/or late at night. These businesses have a potential for being disruptive to nearby residential areas . (Objectives: 1.4, 1.8, 3.7) C-9 Encourage innovative commercial design to preserve and protect environmentally sensitive areas and to create a desirable transition in the type and intensity of use. Guideline application: All commercial. Intent: T o ensure a good transition between residential and non-residential uses in terms of size, height, mass. set back and scale. To ensure the commercial structure fits the suburban design character of the neighborhood or planned unit development in which it is located. To minimize adverse impacts on environmentally sensitive areas. (Objectives: 1.4, 1.8, 1.9, and 1.14) d. 1-1 Industrial Guidelines: Locate. to the extent possible, in the Shaver Road and Sprinkle Road corridor and other designated areas of the Future Land Use Map, industries and industrial developments adjacent to an existing industry to form industrial clusters. The following industries may be considered for a location away from industrial developments and industrial areas, provided that they do not cause safety risks or nuisances to surrounding land uses : a) b) c) d) Extractive industries (gravel and sand pits); or Industries locating in areas of highly mixed land uses ; or Industries locating in existing structures and adapting them for productive re-use; or "Small-scale industries" which are compatible with adjacent residential and other land uses. Guideline application: Intent: All industrial. To promote clustering of industries and minimize conflicts with non-industrial land uses. To ensure more economical construction and a more effective use of roads and utilities. To promote effective screening, buffering and site planning. To allow. in certain cases. industrial location on sites independent from other industries if such sites are suitable for industry and compatible with surrounding land uses . PORTAGE C m 1PREHENSIVE PL AN U PDATE : M ASTER Pl.AN REPORT ( FIN AL ) 3-22 �"Small-scale" industries are in structures of a similar size to surrounding land uses and have nuisances comparable to surrounding uses. Possible industries may include the medical laboratories. printing shops, scientific equipment manufacturers, arts and crafts related industries. (Objectives: I.I, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 3.10, 3.11, 3.14 , 3.15 and 3. 16) t I-2 Design all industrial development to: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) Be compatible with adjacent development in terms of size, height, mass, and scale; and Provide, where appropriate, adequate lot sizes for buffering and screening adjacent development; and Provide sufficient space for on-site parking and service areas; and Use, where possible, the natural drainage patterns; and Save, to the extent possible, the natural vegetation; and Provide where appropriate, trees, landscaping, benches, bus stops, bicycle storage facilities, and other site amenities; and Prevent signs from being a visual nuisance or a safety hazard to vehicular traffic. Be located so as to discourage the presence of heavy trucks in commercial or residential districts . Guideline application: Intent: All industrial. To ensure site design that provides adequate space for a safe, efficient site layout that is compatible with surrounding land uses. (Objectives: 1.4, 1.8, 3.1 , 3.15, 5.5 and 5.7) I-3 Take all measures necessary to prevent industrial uses from causing nuisances to surrounding developments . Guideline application: Intent: All industrial. To minimize negative impacts on development surrounding industrial land uses. The magnitude and type of measures used to mitigate the impact of industries on surrounding land uses should vary according to the severity of the impact and the sensitivity of surrounding land uses to those impacts. Each industry has a varying potential to generate nuisances such as noise, odor, vibration, traffic, glare, or air pollution. Various land uses are affected by these nuisances differently; residential uses are more susceptible to impacts of this type than commercial uses. Some of the techniques that could be used singly or in combination to mitigate off-site and on-site nuisances are: r a) b) c) d) e) f) Use of arterial street rights-of-way with landscaped medians as buffers between industry and other land uses; Orientation of industrial uses away from arterial streets toward their own interior circulation systems in conjunction with landscaping, screening, and fencing along thoroughfare frontage; Location of nuisance generating processes at the interior of the industrial subdivision or industrial area, and location of less offensive uses at the periphery; Use of park land and open space between industrial and residential uses; Use of natural barriers such as woodlands, topographic changes, etc.; Buffering by planting. walls, earth berms, creation of deep lots, etc., when industrial uses abut residential areas ; PORT AG E COMPREHENSIVE PLA N UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 3-23 �g) Provision of a less intensive transitional development--e .g. , supporting office uses or research industries--between industrial and residential areas. Evaluations of a proposed industrial development will be based on its operational characteristics and the extent of nuisance mitigation as well as on the type of industrial use . • (Objectives: 1.3, 1.4, 1.8, 1.14, 3.1 and 3.15) 1-4 Locate industries which handle hazardous or flammable materials or are potentially offensive such as junkyards, landfills, and quarries away from residential areas and population concentrations. Guideline application: Intent: All industrial. To reduce the danger to human life and property associated with hazardous materials. To prevent the effects of offensive industrial land uses on residential areas. Hazardous materials include, but are not limited to, flammable liquids, gases, corrosives, poisons. explosives, toxins, and other materials used in such hazardous industrial operations as oil refineries and chemical plants. Population concentration areas include airports, schools, shopping centers, train and bus stations. offices, and other employment centers. (Objectives: 1.4 and 1.8) 1-5 Prohibit industrial development within residential areas. Locate industries adjacent to residential areas or in mixed land use areas only if the industries can be made compatible with surrounding development. Expand existing industries which are adjacent to non-industrial development in a manner that meets the needs of the industry and protects surrounding development from nuisances. Guideline application: Intent: All industrial. To protect neighboring land uses from nuisances which may be caused by industrial development. To preserve and maintain the character of existing residential areas. To allow the productive use of vacant land and structures in mixed use areas. To allow industry to expand at existing locations, rather than having to relocate. Potential nuisances from industrial development adjacent to non-industrial areas include noise, odor, glare, traffic , vibration, air pollution. and water pollution. Measures to mitigate industrial nuisances are necessary to make industry compatible with other land uses. It is recognized that technology has advanced to the extent that certain types of industries could relate well to neighboring residential development. Having such industries next to residential areas would improve the home/work relationship. However, there are such obnoxious industrial uses as landfills and junk yards that should not be located next to residential areas. Industrial relocation may entail significant expense while weakening the community's economic base and removing jobs from the neighborhood. Relocation may not be necessary, however, if adequate measures are taken to prevent adverse off-site impacts when an industry expands. Such measures may include screening, buffering, and site design techniques . (Objectives: 1.4, 1.8, 1.12. 1.13, and 1.14) I-6 Favor industrial sites near airports for those industries with transportation and production needs requiring such a location or for those industries which support airport-oriented industries. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIV E PL AN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FINAL) 3-24 �Guideline Application: Intent: All industry near the Kalamazoo/Battle Creek International Airport. To promote efficient use of limited industrial sites located near the airport. t (Objectives: 1.2, 1.4, and3 .12) I-7 Provide assurances that air emissions and the disposal of industrial waste water and solid wastes will meet environmental standards and that the storage, handling, and disposal of hazardous materials will be done in a safe and environmentally sound manner. Guideline application: Intent: All industrial. To ensure that new or expanded industrial development will not cause the pollution of groundwater, streams, land. and air. To minimize the danger associated with hazardous wastes. (Objectives: 1.8. 2.1 and 3. I ) 1-8 Take appropriate action to reserve land that would be most suitable for industrial subdivisions. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses . To establish a supply of industrial subdivision sites to meet the needs of future industrial growth. To prevent development of prime industrial subdivision sites for non-industrial uses . Governmental actions to preserve suitable sites for industrial development may include ensuring adequate zoned land for use, up-to-date development regulations, and appropriate infrastructure facilities . Innovative activities may include joint ventures in developing an inventory of prime industrial sites, placing such sites in a holding zone until a proposal for their development is submitted. These activities may also involve acquiring and land-banking such sites with public funds , when appropriate. Sites most suitable for industrial subdivisions generally consist of 100 acres or more, are not surrounded by residential areas, have access--which does not pass through residential areas--to an arterial street near an expressway interchange, are not located in the I 00-year floodplain and have slopes between O and 6 percent. (Objectives: 3.2. 3.10, 3.11 , 3.14 and 3. 16) 1-9 Provide incentives to expand industrial employment, g1vmg special attention to industries which are environmentally sensitive, expand the economic diversity of Portage and provide employment opportunities for community and area residents, including unemployed, under employed, or lower-income people. Guideline application: Intent: All industrial. To retain existing industries and to attract new industries which can meet environmental requirements and which expand the diversity of the economic base. To make jobs more accessible to economically disadvantaged people. Methods for increasing industrial employment include: a) b) c) Providing reasonable flexibility through zoning and subdivision regulations; Acquiring vacant or condemned land suitable for industrial use with public funds ; Providing financial aid in reusing and rehabilitating vacant structures suitable for industrial use; PORTAGE COMPREHE NSI VE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FlNAL) 3-25 �d) e) t) Providing local tax rebates where possible; Participating in job training programs to increase job skills; and Providing public service and facility improvements--e.g., transportation. utilities and (Objectives: 3.1 and 3. 16) 2. Natural/Cultural Resources: NC- I Locate development, whenever possible, in areas free of severe environmental limitations. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses . To locate development in areas which have no environmental constraints. To protect the quality of the environment. To minimize measures required to mitigate environmental hazards. To reduce the potential for environmental degradation. Severe environmental limitations to develop include floodplains, wetlands. natural areas. natural groundwater recharge areas, and may include areas with steep slopes, unstable soils, very severely eroded soils, soils with very severe erosion potential, and areas inhabited by endangered species. (Objectives: 1.8, 2.1, and 2.4) NC-2 Restrict development in the I 00-year floodplain by: a) Prohibiting the location or expansion of structures and storage areas in the floodplain, except for rare instances when it is conclusively demonstrated that no increase in floodwater elevation and velocity will result and that no public hazards will be created, and b) Allowing the modification or restoration of existing structures located in the floodplain only if the structural alterations do not increase the level or velocity of the 100-year flood and if flood proofing measures are taken. Guideline application: In the 100-year floodplain. Intent: To protect persons and property from the hazards of flooding. To strongly discourage the placement of structures in the floodplain and to prevent development which would increase flooding. To allow the continued use of existing structures located in the floodplain. Examples of land uses suitable for the floodplain include private and public recreational usesgolf courses, parks, wildlife preserves, hiking trails and horseback riding trails; agricultural uses managed to prevent excessive soil loss-sod farming, pasture, orchards, horticulture and truck farming; and accessory uses to residential, commercial, and industrial development-landscaped open space. (Objectives: 1.8, 2. 1, 2.4. and 2.5) NC-3 Avoid alterations and significant modifications to natural stream channels unless it is conclusively demonstrated that: a) b) c) Flooding is significantly reduced, and Any increase in erosion or flood velocity will not adversely affect other areas . Only minor impacts will occur to any wetlands or endangered species. Guideline application: All land uses . PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( Fl!'IAL) 3-26 �Intent: To prevent increased flooding and erosion from causing property damage and environmental problems. To protect natural drainage channels from bank erosion and sedimentation. To prolong the useful life of man-made drainage improvements. To protect water quality in streams from pollution cilused by stormwater runoff. To help achieve water quality standards. To minimize adverse impacts on wetlands. Adequate means to convey stormwater drainage, both on-site and off-site, are necessary for all development. Where existing on-site or off-site facilities are inadequate, the developer must provide all drainage improvements required by the proposed development. A possible exception to this requirement would be instances in which development is phased with off-site drainage improvements scheduled for public implementation. In some instances, correcting past drainage deficiencies may be the only way to properly develop an area. In those cases, developers may be required to improve on-site or off-site drainage conditions to remedy existing drainage problems if the proposed development would add to on-site or off-site drainage problems. (Objecti ves 1.8, 2.1, 2.4. and 2.5 ) NC-4 Utilize best management practices for erosion and sedimentation control during and after site preparation and con struction activities. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses . To maintain hydraulic capacity of natural and man-made drainage systems. To prevent water quality problems, such as turbidity and oxygen depletion associated with sedimentation of surface water. To preserve topsoil and soil fertility . To minimize off-site impacts, such as erosion or soil deposition on neighboring properties. To preserve natural stream channels and lakes .. The best management practices necessary for a given project depend upon site characteristics, the magnitude of site preparation activities, and conditions in the bodies of water draining the project site. Extensive measures to control sedimentation are required for projects on very severely eroded soils and on soils with very severe erosion potential, particularly along streams or lakes used for public recreation (and/or that violate water quality standards) and adjacent to storm water infiltration basins and natural groundwater recharge basins. (Objectives 1.8, 2.1, 2.4, and 2.5) NC-5 Buffer lakes and streams as well as storm water infiltration basins and natural groundwater recharge areas from the water pollution effects of site preparation, construction activities, on-lot sewage disposal and urban stormwater runoff. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses . To prevent the degradation of water quality due to non-point sources of water pollution. To protect Portages public water wells . "Non-point sources" of water pollution from activities are those which cannot be traced to a specific, identifiable discharge location. The most common urban "non-point source" of water pollution is stormwater runoff from roofs and parking areas . The transfer of hazardous materials at businesses and industries is of particular concern due to the potential high-level of pollution, and hazardous material spill prevention plans are commonly required . Thus, special retention basins or traps may be appropriate in loading areas were hazardous materials are frequently handled to capture any accidental spills, and special stormwater detention facilities with filters may be appropriate for parking and other loading areas . These sources of pollution can cause sedimentation, oxygen depletion and biological contamination of surface waters. Various PORT AGE C OMPREH EN SI VE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLA N REPORT ( FI NAL) 3-27 �techniques used to buffer streams from non-point sources include: grass filter strips, earth berms. barriers, hay bales. and setbacks from streams. These buffers also provide protection from land disturbing activities such as clearing, grading, and filling . Maintenance of grass filter strips and unpaved , naturally vegetated areas along water bodies can also mitigate the long-term impacts of drainage from paved surfaces. Establishment of minimum distances between on-lot disposal facilities and surface waters can diminish negative impacts on water quality . (Objectives: 1.8. 2.1, 2.4, and 2.5) NC-6 Locate industry including industrial materials storage areas and industrial waste disposal facilities so as to minimize hazards to groundwater and implement appropriate hazardous material spill prevention programs. Guideline application: Intent: All industrial. To protect groundwater quality, particularly the storm water infiltration basins and natural groundwater recharge areas. To protect existing and potential uses of groundwater as the public water supply. To prevent pollution of surface waters (lakes and streams) by contaminated groundwater. Drainage from landfills. chemical storage areas, and industrial waste disposal areas can have major irreversible impacts on groundwater quality . It is important that these land uses be located away from groundwater recharge and high water table areas. Liquid wastes must be stored under specific, engineered conditions to prevent leaching of waste materials. Likewise, the transfer of hazardous materials requires an appropriate spill prevention plan and the construction of appropriate detention facilities to prevent accidental spills from entering the surface or groundwaters. (Objectives: 1.8, 2. 1, 2.4, and 2.5) NC-7 Discourage noise-sensitive land uses in areas where accepted noise standards may be exceeded, unless adequate abatement measures are provided. Guideline application: Intent: If site has major noise problems. To prevent health hazards and nuisances caused by locating noise-sensitive development in areas which already have excessive noise levels such as the Kalamazoo/Battle Creek International Airport and major freeway arteries. The most common noise-sensitive land uses are residences, hospitals, nursing homes, schools. and churches. Noise-abatement measures include vegetative buffers, structural barriers, distance and soundproofing of structures. (Objectives: 1.8 and 2.1) NC-8 Preserve buildings, sites and districts that are recognized as having historic . cultural or architectural value . Guideline application: Intent: If proposal will affect an historic place/structure. To preserve the community's heritage. Historically significant buildings, sites or districts are those listed on the National Register of Historic Places. the Michigan State Historic Preservation Office list, listed in the National Landmarks' records. or places which are locally significant and are designated under a city ordinance. P ORTAGE COMPREHENSI VE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PlAI\ REPORT ( FINAL) 3-28 �(Objectives: 2.3 and 2.7) NC-9 Protect, to the extent possible, wildlife and endangered species areas. wetlands, publicly owned parks, unique natural areas, and other areas with significant landscape features . • Guideline application: Intent: All land uses. To maintain the open space, vegetation and wildlife resources in Portage for future generations. To preserve significant natural areas from negative impacts due to intense development. In some cases, when publicly owned open space is the site for the location or expansion of a necessary community facility, utility, highway, land use, etc., replacement in kind of the open space resource would be acceptable under this guideline. Privately owned open space, unique natural areas and such significant landscape features as hillsides, stream corridors and scenic areas, which are of proven significance to the public as a whole may be preserved through public acquisition, conservation easements and scenic easements. In some cases, a buffer area may be needed to maintain the quality of these resources. (Objectives: 1.8, 2. 1, 2.2, 2.6, 2.7. and 2.8) 3. Economy/Marketplace: M-1 Ensure a business outreach program with the area-wide economic development agency, Chamber of Commerce and other related organizations to help solve local business problems at an early stage. Guideline application: Intent: Review area-wide economic development efforts. To ensure that the business community becomes a partner with the City, with shared goals and objectives. (Objective 3.17) M-2 Ensure that public infrastructure expenditures are adequate for future growth . Guideline application: Intent : Review and development of the City Capital Improvement Program (CIP). To guarantee that new growth can be accommodated and does not result in an undue financial burden on the community. (Objectives: I. I and 3.2) M-3 Facilitate the preservation of land for and the development of specialized business parks. Guideline Application: Intent: Review of present development controls. To ensure adequate zoned land, up-to-date development regulations and infrastructure expenditure priorities consistent with the creation of specialized business parks for heavy industry, corporate offices and high technology, and small to medium sized enterprises. (Objectives : 3.2 and 3.11) M-4 Develop site planning standards that will allow development of Portage Commerce Square in the most efficient way . PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAS UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 3-29 �General Application Commerce Square. Intent: All property within and abutting the established boundaries of Portage To guarantee that the limited amount of land within the boundaries of the Square is used in an efficient way so as to not cause sprawl. Examples of efficient land use patterns for the Commerce Square incfude grouping high-density residential and retail so that residents can walk to the stores and including better access to transit service so that parking requirements may be reduced. (Objective 3.3) M-5 Allow mixing of use, such as limited commercial near residential or commercial near office, when: a) b) c) traffic problems and congestion are not created that adversely affect adjacent or surrounding areas; the size, intensity, and character of the proposed use is compatible with adjacent areas; nuisances are not created that adversely affect adjacent areas . Guideline Application: Intent: All land uses To guarantee that land is used more efficiently. Users of one land use, such as residential. may be able to take advantage of another land use if it is located nearby. If the neighboring land use is within walking distance and can be easily reached, traffic in the area may be reduced. (Objectives : 3.4 and 3.8) M-6 Allow the expansion of Portage Commerce Square when: a) b) c) there are no longer sites of appropriate size for development; neighboring vacant sites not within the Square would be appropriate for the type of development compatible with existing development; all sites within the Square with obsolete uses have been redeveloped . Guideline Application: Intent: Office and commercial uses within and abutting Portage Commerce Square. To guarantee that there is sufficient land as new development that would be appropriate for Portage Commerce Square occurs . If the previous criteria apply, adjacent land to the Square can be used for expansion. (Objective 3.3) M-7 Allow the expansion of the industrial areas along Shaver Road and Sprinkle Road when : a) b) c) there are no longer sites of appropriate size for development; neighboring vacant sites not within the industrial areas would be appropriate for the type of development compatible with existing development; all sites within the industrial areas with obsolete uses have been redeveloped. Guideline Application: Industrial uses within and abutting Shaver Road and Sprinkle Road industrial corridors. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL ) 3-30 �Intent: To guarantee that there is sufficient land as new development that would be appropriate for the Shaver and Sprinkle industrial corridors occurs. If the previous criteria apply, adjacent land to the industrial areas can be used for expansion. (Objective 3.14 ) M-8 Coordinate the review of major developments and major infrastructure investments that have major regional impacts or significant impacts on abutting jurisdictions. Guideline Application: Intent: During review of Land Use Map To ensure the compatibility between existing and proposed uses on the boundaries of Portage. To establish a mechanism for referral between abutting planning jurisdictions when major development projects with significant impacts (such as traffic) on other jurisdictions are being reviewed for approval. To coordinate area-wide transportation issues with the Kalamazoo Area Transportation Study and other area-wide infrastructure issues through appropriate regional forums. (Objectives : 1.15 and 5.9 ) M-9 Facilitate the revitalization and redevelopment of existing commercial and industrial uses which have become abandoned . Guideline Application: Intent : Review of present development controls and economic development programs. To ensure adequate zoned land , up-to-date development regulations and infrastructure expenditure priorities consistent with the revitalization of older commercial and industrial areas. To address impediments (such as environmental cleanup, access , etc.) to reuse and revitalization. (Objectives: 1.3 , 3.2, 3.10, 3. 13 and 3. 15) 4. Housing: H-1 Create housing development, redevelopment, rehabilitation, and reinvestment opportunities m older and declining neighborhoods . Guideline application: Intent: Development of City's housing programs. To promote neighborhoods and to preserve housing. Examples of techniques that can be used to create and preserve neighborhoods and to encourage development and redevelopment include: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) Innovative building design to fit oddly shaped or narrow lots ; Adaptive reuse of existing buildings and underutilized land ; Appropriate public services; Incentives through zoning and other land use regulations ; Financial assistance through public and private institutions; Land assembly and improvement for new construction; and Historical and architectural designation . Existing neighborhoods and housing are a valuable and irreplaceable resource. Rehabilitation of sound housing is preferable to demolition . PORTAGE C OMPREHENS IVE PLAN UPDATE · MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FI NAL) 3-31 �(Objectives: 1.3, 1.7, 1.11 , 2.3, 4.1, 4.4 and 4.5) H-2 Encourage, to the extent possible, mixtures of housing types and land uses within planned developments to: aJ b) Utilize cost;efficient site layout and design techniques; and Create new, self-contained neighborhoods and areas. Guideline application: Intent: All residential. To facilitate the supply of housing available to all income groups . To create convenient living environments where shopping and other services are included in the development. To reduce energy consumption. To take advantage of innovative design techniques such as housing clusters, types and designs, and common open space as part of an overall design for unique living environments. (Objectives 1.4, 4. 1 and 4.2) H-3 Ensure that land use controls provide for a mixture of housing types . Guideline application : Review of the City's already developed land use controls. Intent: H-4 To facilitate the supply of housing available to all income groups. (Objectives 1.4. 4. 1, 4.2 and 4.4) Ensure that land use controls allow innovative housing design techniques, and housing types. Guideline application: Review of the City's already developed land use controls. Intent: To facilitate the supply of housing available to all income groups . (Objectives 1.4, 1.7, 1.9. 4. 1. 4.2. 4.3, 4.4 and 4.5) 5. Transportation: T-1 Ensure that all development and land use changes are served by adequate street facilities which have the capacity to accommodate the traffic generated by these uses . Guideline application: All land uses. Intent: To ensure that streets have adequate capacity so that new development does not cause or compound traffic congestion. To require street improvements, where necessary, in order to maintain a reasonable level of traffic service, taking into account the traffic generated by the proposed development and normal traffic growth . To prevent types and densities of land use that cannot be reasonably served by the existing street system unless provisions are made to improve the system to a level of adequacy. The developer may have the option of providing necessary street improvements to overcome an inadequacy, or delaying development until necessary road improvements are in place, or staging the development to coincide with necessary street improvements (public or private). Necessary street improvements may vary from only on-site road system construction to the addition of acceleration or deceleration lanes, or left-turn lanes or of traffic signals on streets bordering the site to street or other improvements. (Objective 5.2) PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLA'i UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FlNAL) 3-32 �T-2 Provide for the movement of pedestrians through the provision of: a) b) c) d) e) walkways from residential areas to recreation areas, schools and shopping facilities in the neighborhood and walkways for access to transit stops and walkways where heavy pedestrian movements may be anticipated between land uses and pedestrian overpasses/underpasses when street closings are impractical and vehicular and pedestrian volumes warrant such separation and walkways through expressway interchange areas where appropriate. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses . To encourage pedestrian travel as an alternative to the private automobile between closely related land uses in the neighborhood. To improve pedestrian access to public transit routes from places of residence and employment in order to encourage the use of public transit as an alternative to the car. To encourage the provision of walkways between retail facilities and major concentrations of pedestrian activity. To reduce major conflicts between vehicular and pedestrian movements for improved safety. In most instances, walkways will be required for all development. (Objectives: 5.2 and 5.7) T-3 Encourage the movement of bicycles from residential areas to neighborhood recreation areas, schools. shopping facilities and major employment centers. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses. To encourage the bicycle as an alternative to the private automobile between closely related land uses. To promote the development of bicycle facilities to major urban recreation areas and major employment centers. The type of bicycle facility - whether shared roadway or walkway, whether separated by barrier on a roadway or walkway or whether an independent facility -- will depend on the volume of bicycles and the magnitude of vehicle or pedestrian conflict as indicated by vehicle speeds and volumes. On most residential streets, the street serves as the bikeway and no separated bikeway facilities are warranted. On arterial streets with high volumes and speeds, bikeways separated from the vehicle travel ways or on exclusive rights-of-way may be warranted. The Thoroughfare Plan bicycle component serves as a guide to the location of bikeway facilities. Bicycle storage facilities at major bicycle destinations -- parks, shopping centers and schools -- are essential to encourage bicycle use. (Objectives: 5.2 and 5.7) T-4 Provide adequate rights-of-way to accommodate required and anticipated roadway, walkway and bikeway improvements, utilities and landscaping through dedication . Guideline application: Intent: All land uses. To ensure adequate rights-of-way for facilities that are required or used by the proposed development and that pass through or abut the development to maintain system continuity. In most instances. the developer will be required to dedicate rights-of-way for all street. bikeway and walkway facilities within or abuning the development as set forth in the subdivision and other land use regulations and the adopted Thoroughfare Plan. Dedication of street rights-of-way should ensure PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 3-33 �that transit service can be accommodated where appropriate. In the case of an expressway or major arterial where immediate access is not permissible to the development, the developer may be requested to reserve rather than dedicate the rights-of-way . (Objectives: 5. 1 and f, . l ) T-5 Ensure the proposed roadway cross section is consistent with the functional, physical and aesthetic character of the area in which the street is located. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses. To ensure the proposed cross sections are consistent with the Thoroughfare Plan relative to functional class, compatible with the abutting land uses, and reflect the design objectives of the corridor designation as "conservation", "preservation", or "correction" set forth in the Thoroughfare Plan. (Objectives 5.1. 5.3, 5.5, 5 .7) T-6 Provide adequate access to, from arid through all development for the proper functioning of the streets, walkways, bikeways and transit systems and for emergency vehicles by linking the interior roadway, walkway, bikeway and transit systems with systems already built or planned in the surrounding area. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses. To ensure that all parcels proposed for development have access to a legally established facilities for deliveries, service, maintenance, emergency vehicles and parking. To ensure that access points are adequate in number and design to prevent both on and off-site traffic congestion. To prevent discontinuity in travel movements that would increase the length of trips, local trips on the thoroughfare system, public facility costs, travel costs, energy costs and air pollution. To ensure proper connection of the development to the community thoroughfare system. To ensure continuity of the thoroughfare and local street systems while preventing unnecessary through traffic on the local street system. The number of required access points will depend on the amount of traffic generated by the proposed development and on its impact on the surrounding street system. More access points may be required to distribute the traffic load to prevent traffic congestion; however, this must be balanced against the creation of too many access points that would disrupt through traffic . The proper design , location and spacing of access points depends on the type, volume and speed of existing and anticipated traffic. Adequate sight-distance and travel-lanes are of particular concern for all access points. While ensuring system continuity, consideration must also be given to the manner of connection in order to discourage unnecessary through traffic, especially in residential areas. A connection to the existing road pattern should be made in a manner that does not adversely affect existing land use. Future connections to the transportation system to surrounding vacant land should be assured by providing for the extension of streets, walkways and bikeways. The Thoroughfare Plan shows the existing and planned street system for collectors, arterials and expressways. Provision must be made for the continuity of these street facilities through all development. Walkways and bikeways in surrounding areas must be continued through the development if such facilities are essential to the proper functioning of the walkway or bikeway system. (Objectives: 5.2. 5.5. 5.7) P ORTAGE C OMPREHE NS IVE PL A!'-1 U PDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FI NAL) 3-34 �T-7 Design the internal circulation of all development for safe and efficient travel movement by all types of transportation. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses. To ensure ' that roads are constructed with adequate pavement width, grade, and curvature to accommodate existing and anticipated vehicle, pedestrian and bicycle movements and the mix of vehicle types. To ensure that public expenditures are not necessary in the immediate future to correct deficiencies that could be reasonably anticipated at the time of initial development. To ensure that the internal circulation system of a development is designed to separate motor vehicle and pedestrian conflicts as needed and to provide continuous roadway, walkway and bikeway systems. Continuity of roadway, walkway and bikeway (where applicable) systems within the development is critical; continuous roadway facilities through the development are necessary to tie all local access roads or parking areas, where applicable, to the thoroughfare system. To the extent possible trips of different types should be separated by the circulation system -- local versus through trips, goods delivery versus employee or patron parking, etc. The circulation system should be designed to prevent traffic congestion or safety problems by ensuring adequate intersection spacing for vehicle storage; by ensuring adequate, unobstructed sight distances at all intersections and by avoiding long dead end streets. Vehicle, pedestrian and bicycle movements should be separated when appropriate ; and pull-over public transit stops should be provided, where possible and practical, to avoid blocking traffic . The road design should provide sight distance consistent with probable traffic speed , terrain, alignments and climatic extremes and should relate horizontal and vertical street alignments to the natural contours of the site to the extent practical. (Objectives: 5.2, 5.3, 5.7) T-8 A void street access to development through areas of significantly lower intensity or density development if such access would create significant nuisances. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses. To prevent unnecessary through traffic with accompanying noise, congestion and safety hazards in areas of lower intensity or density development. To separate local and through traffic where possible. The use of a local residential road for access to a development of significantly higher residential density or non-residential intensity may be inappropriate even if the street were functionally upgraded to accommodate the traffic of the proposed use. There are also instances in which truck traffic to industrial development may be inappropriate even if the street were functionally upgraded to accommodate the traffic of the proposed use. There are also instances in which truck traffic to industrial development may be inappropriate on roads through commercial uses. (Objectives: T-9 1.4, 1.8, 1.10, 1.11 ) Preserve the through traffic capacity of the thoroughfare system by: a) b) c) d) establishing property access with a sufficient distance from expressway interchange ramps ; and placing intersections a sufficient distance from interchange ramps; and spacing intersections along a thoroughfare for efficient traffic signal operation; and using, to the extent possible, local streets or frontage roads for direct access to property along arterials. Guideline application: All land uses. PORTA GE C OMPREHE NSIVE PLAN UPDATE: M ASTER PLAN R EPORT ( FI NA L) 3-3.5 �Intent : To preserve the traffic carrying capability of the interchange streets and the interchange. To strictly control access to property or to other roads from the interchange road in the vicinity of the expressway. To prohibit entrances to the interchange road that would interfere with vehicle storage, merging or diverging at ramp intersections. To ensure adequate weaving and storage distance between tht! first street intersection and the expressway ramp. To improve safety by controlling the frequency and manner of access to thoroughfares. As a general rule, access to the interchange would not be permitted within 400 feet of the nearest expressway ramp. Only right-in and right-out vehicle movements would be permitted within 400 feet to I 000 feet of the expressway ramp. The first full intersection with the interchange road should be I 000 feet from the expressway ramp. These distances will vary on a case-by-case basis recognizing the characteristics of the interchange (e.g. , type and signalization) and the special access problems or hardships that might be created within already developed areas. If property access via local roads or frontage roads is not practical, right-in and right-out movements into driveways may be permitted but should be as far away from full intersections as possible. If a frontage road entrance exists at less than the desirable spacing, access should be restricted to right-in and right-out traffic movements. A desirable spacing of four-way intersections along major arterials is about I 000 feet. Where property access on major arterials by way of local roads or frontage roads is impractical, appropriate design measures should be taken to control the frequency and manner of access such as driveway entrances, turnaround driveways, rear access to the property or right-in/right-out driveway entrances. (Objectives: T- 10 5.2 and 5 .5) Provide off-street parking and loading of sufficient quantity and adequate design for the type and intensity of development, for the mode of access to the development and for its users. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses. To ensure that off-street parking and loading facilities are adequate in quantity and design for efficient and safe traffic movement on public streets to and from the site and within the site. To vary parking and loading requirements with the type and intensity of land use, the type of access to the site and the characteristics of the users. The amount of off-street parking should be adequate to accommodate peak hour volumes by the automobile. If it can be demonstrated that a portion of the residents, clients or employees use other types of transportation than the automobile, off-street parking requirements may be reduced -- e.g., elderly housing, walk-in restaurants. The appropriate degree of separation between a land use and parking varies with the location in the community and type of land use. Off-street parking should be within a few hundred feet and not separated by heavy traffic volumes from the primary use. For convenience goods, the parking should be integral to the site. The size of the off-street loading facility should be adequate to accommodate normal peak hour demands for loading of passengers and goods . For single-family residences, a driveway is adequate for off-street loading and parking. However, for higher density residential and non-residential uses which involve considerable passenger loading or goods delivery, off-street loading facilities may be required . (Objectives: 5.2 and 5.5) PORT AG E COMPREHENS IV E PL AN U PDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FI NAL) 3-36 �T-11 Ensure that transportation facilities are compatible with surrounding land uses. Guideline application: All transportation facilities (air transportation and all modes of ground transportation) and services. Intent: To ensure the proper design of transportation facilities . To ensure that adequate measures will be taken to reduce noise, glare, vibration, air pollution, odor, visual intrusion and through-traffic. To avoid the creation of incompatible land uses near new transportation facilities . The magnitude and type of measures required to mitigate transportation nuisances will vary depending on the type of nuisances and the sensitivity of the surrounding land uses. Possible measures include: a) screening and buffering from surrounding land uses through plantings, berms. fences and walls; b) providing greater distance separation through the purchase of right-of-way for the mitigation of nuisances; c) placing the facility below grade; or d) designing the foundations of transportation structures and equipment to reduce noise and vibration . When a new transportation facility passes through existing development, it often fosters a change in land use due to a higher level of transportation accessibility. Considerable conflict may arise between new and existing land use if any transition in land use is not guided and if strategies are not developed to preserve or to redevelop existing land use, as appropriate. (Objectives: T-12 1.2. 1.4 and 1.8) Evaluate proposed transportation improvements for the minimization of capital cost, user cost and community (including economic, social and environmental components) cost; and evaluate proposed transportation improvement programs for the maximization of benefits. Guideline application: Intent: Review of transportation facilities and services in the City's Capital Improvement Program and in the metropolitan area's Transportation Improvement Program .. To ensure that the transportation planning process and individual project planning consider all types of transportation. all direct and indirect costs and all non-quantifiable impacts. To ensure the most efficient use of limited transportation funds. Evaluation considerations include, but are not limited to, the following: a) energy conservation; b) effective use of abandoned, under-utilized or surplus public rights-of-way for all types of transportation; c) reduction of air pollution and noise; d) contribution to achievement of the adopted comprehensive plan and orderly development of the community; e) construction to logical termini capable of handling the traffic generated if a facility is constructed in stages; f) determination that the benefits of developing a street or parking facility offset any detrimental effects on public transit; g) selection of the most appropriate type(s) of transportation to service a corridor's particular travel demands; h) achievement of balanced improvement of transportation facilities in different functional classes to ensure the type of traffic handled by a particular functional class is appropriate; and PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 3-37 �i) avoidance of facilities which pass through parks, historic areas, wildlife habitats or other areas of state, regional or local significance unless no other feasible alternative exists, and then only if appropriate action is taken to minimize adverse impacts. The most cost-effective transportation improvement programs emphasize a more efficient use of existing fadlities and low-cost capital improvements. Limited transportation funds are best allocated according to the following order of priorities: a) b) c) d) e) f) low-cost improvements at key intersections including, but not limited to: • improved signal timing including the use of a flashing phase during off-peak hours, • improved signage and pavement markings, • improved channelization, • turn prohibitions, or • on-street parking restrictions: public transit, vanpooling, carpooling or any other method that encourages the use of high-occupancy vehicles: maintenance of existing facilities or reconstruction of existing intersections; widening of existing roadway facilities ; extension of existing roadway facilities : and construction of new roadway facilities when it can be proven that there are no other means of handling the increased travel demands. (Objectives: T-13 5.4, 5.5, 5.6 and 5.9) Encourage the preservation and reuse of abandoned transportation corridors for transportation and recreation purposes. Guideline application: Abandoned transportation corridors. Intent: To encourage the preservation and reuse abandoned transportation corridors. In past years, railroad corridors have been the most likely abandoned corridors. Before these rights-of-way are sold and permitted to revert to abutting private property owners, an examination should be made of the roadway, walkway, bikeway and recreation options that such a corridor may offer; and appropriate public actions should be taken to preserve the corridor if a public use is found . (Objective 5.8) 6. Utility Infrastructure: U-1 Locate development, whenever possible, in areas fully served by existing utilities rather than in areas requiring utility extensions. Guideline application: Intent: To promote the full utilization of past investments in existing water, sewer, and power lines. To lower utility costs by reducing the need for extensions. (Objectives: U-2 All land uses. I. I. 1.2 and 6.2) Provide that all development has an adequate supply of potable water and water for fire fighting purposes. Guideline application: All land uses . PORTAGE C OMPREH ENS IVE PLA N UPDATE · MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FI NAL) 3-38 �Intent: To protect the public health by providing a reliable source of potable water for human consumption. To protect the public welfare by providing a water supply of sufficient quantity and pressure for fire protection. Provision of necessary water service may be phased with the construction of new development. The purpose of the guideline is that adequate facilities be available consistent with applicable fire safety requirements. (Objectives: U-3 6.2 and 6.4) Provide that all development has adequate means of sewage treatment and disposal to protect public health and protect water quality in lakes, streams, and water table. All future developments must be connected to the public sewer system. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses . To prevent health hazards due to contamination of ground and surface waters . To achieve and maintain water quality standards. Adequate treatment and disposal of sewage wastes should be achieved through connection to the public sewer system. If public sanitary sewers are available, development must connect to the public sanitary sewer system. On-site sewage treatment systems may be approved for low intensity uses in areas where public sanitary sewers are not anticipated within the next ten years and in areas where environmentally sensitive lands do not exist. (Objectives: U-4 1.8, 2.1, 2.4, 6.2 and 6.3) Provide adequate storm water drainage facilities to prevent flooding and to protect water quality in lakes, streams, and water table. Guideline application: Intent: To prevent flooding and to avoid contamination of ground and surface waters. To achieve and maintain water quality standards. The filtering of storm water runoff from parking lots may be necessary when the run off enters bodies of water used for recreation purposes. Hazardous material spill prevention plans and retention facilities may be necessary for businesses where hazardous materials are loaded, unloaded, used or generated. Special facility designs may be necessary near storm water infiltration basins and natural groundwater recharge areas. (Objectives: U-5 All land uses. 1.8, 2.1, 2.4 , 6.2 and 6.5) Take all feasible measures to prevent utility installations from creating nuisances to the surrounding area. Locate large utility installations with access to a major arterial street. Guideline application: Intent: All utility installations excluding transmissions lines . To ensure that utility installations are compatible with surrounding land uses . To include proper design measures in utility installations to reduce visual intrusion, odor, air pollution, noise, vibration , through traffic, siltation, erosion and disruption of drainage facilities . To facilitate the flow of automobile and truck traffic generated by large-scale utility facilities . To protect residential neighborhoods from increased volumes of through traffic , siltation, erosion , and flooding. PORTAG E COMPREH ENS IVE P LAN UPD ATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FI NAL) 3-39 �Possible measures include: a) b) c) Screening and buffering of surrounding land uses through plantings, berms, fences , and walls; Pyrchasing of additional land to bring about greater distance separation, and Designing structures to reduce noise and vibration . For purposes of this guideline, "utility installations" are : a) b) c) d) e) power generation plants and electric substations, natural gas processing and storage facilities and pumping substations (above six feet in height), sewage pumping stations (above six feet in height), water treatment plants, water storage tanks and pumping stations (above six feet in height), telecommunications main switching facilities and substations, but exclude overhead and underground transmission lines . For purposes of this guideline, "large utility facilities " are power plants, major publicly owned sewage treatment works, and water treatment facilities for public water supply systems. Utility offices. maintenance and repair facilities , and materials storage areas should be addressed by applicable land use guidelines. (Objectives: U-6 1.4, 1.8, 1.10. l.11 , l.12and 1.13) Require all new development to locate electric and telecommunications utilities underground . Guideline Application: Intent: To improve the compatibility of traditional overhead utilities with surrounding land uses by placing them underground . This should be practical in new developments regardless of use and planned industrial , office and commercial areas . Exceptions may be appropriate for infill development on small lots. (Objectives: U-7 All land uses. 1.4, 6.7 and 6.8) Emphasize the improvement and expansion of sanitary sewers and water mains in areas or corridors that are the focu s of industrial and commercial development. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses and City Capital Improvement Program. To encourage the location of industrial and commercial uses in designated corridors and areas designed by the Future Land Use Map through placement of priority on improvement and expansion projects in such areas. (Objectives: I. I , 1.2. 3.2, 6.2 and 6.6) 7. Community Facilities: CF- I Locate or expand community facilities : a) b) c) d) In areas with a demonstrated need for the facility; and To avoid duplication of services; and With convenient access to the area that the facility is intended to serve; and Where access into and within the facility is provided for elderl y and handicapped persons. P ORT AGE COMPREH ENS IVE P LAN UPD ATE : M ASTER PLAN R EPORT ( FI NAL ) 3-40 �Guideline application: Intent: All community facilities. To ensure that community facilities and services are provided in a manner that satisfies area-specific and community-wide needs. To ensure that facility sites are located and designed to be physically accessible to their intended users . • (Objectives: CF-2 7.1, 7.2and7 .3) Locate and design community facilities so that potential adverse impacts on surrounding land uses can be mitigated and the facility can be buffered from any adverse impacts of surrounding land uses. Guideline application: Intent: To ensure that community facility sites are located and designed to be compatible with, and not disrupted by, surrounding land uses. (Objectives: CF-3 1.4, 1.8 and I. 10) Locate, where possible. community facilities on a shared site with other compatible facilities . Guideline application: Intent: All community facilities . To locate compatible community facilities that generally serve the same area or population in multiple-use activity centers. An example would be the joint use of a site for schools and parks. (Objectives: CF-4 All community facilities . 7.1 and 7.3) Locate community facilities that have a large daily or periodic attendance of users : a) b) On or very near an arterial street; and With convenient parking. Guideline application: Intent: All large community facilities . To ensure accessibility to large community facilities . Community facilities that have a large attendance of users include regional and community parks, middle and high schools, vocational and business schools, colleges and universities, hospitals and health clinics, government administration offices, major cultural facilities, and major human services facilities . Elementary schools and neighborhood parks/playgrounds are excluded from this guideline because they are typically part of a residential neighborhood , and may be integrated into a residential neighborhood. (Objectives: CF-5 1.4 and 1.8) Community facilities which will be located within residential areas, should be designed so that the structure exterior is compatible with the character of the immediate residential neighborhood . Guideline application: Intent: All community facilities. To allow small-scale community facilities (such as elementary schools, neighborhood parks/playgrounds) within residential areas without detracting from the residential character of the PORTAGE C OMPREH ENS IVE PLA N UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FINAL) 3-41 �immediate neighborhood. To ensure that facilities locating within residential areas are compatible in scale and character with surrounding residences. (Objectives: CF-6 1.10, I.I I, 1.12 and 1.13) Retain community facilities that can continue to serve their intended functions. Guideline application: Intent: All community facilities . To utilize existing community facilities when available. To prevent community facilities from being converted to other uses, unless the facility is obsolete and site limitations do not permit expansion of the facility or construction of a new facility at the present location. To preserve the community's investment in facilities . When a community facility cannot be retained m an area where a demonstrated need exists, a replacement facility should be provided. (Objectives: CF-7 1.3 and 7.1) Locate. when possible, community facilities within existing buildings that are capable of being converted for a facility use. Guideline application: Intent: All community facilities. To encourage the reuse of existing buildings as community facilities. To provide alternatives to new construction of community facilities . The use of closed school buildings as community facilities and school grounds as parks is a prime example of adaptive reuse for facility development. (Objectives: CF-8 1.3 and 7. 1) Provide that all developments have adequate fire protection. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses . To ensure public safety by protecting people and property from fire hazards. Factors that are to be considered in the evaluation of a development's protection from fire are: proximity to properly equipped fire stations, access to a water supply, access from public roadways. design and construction materials . (Objective 7. I) PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (ANAL ) 3-42 �, ~~ ' ~ CHAPTER 4: LAND USE • A. INTRODUCTION The Land Use Element of the Municipal Comprehensive Plan Update is the focus of the master plan. It reflects the translation of the goals, objectives and guidelines of the Plan into recommendations for the future use of the land resources of the community and interrelates other elements of the Plan. These other elements of the Plan address the transportation and utility infrastructure essential to support future land use recommendations, the improvement of community facilities that contribute to the quality of life in the community, the housing and economic development initiatives to expand housing and employment opportunities in the community and the preservation of natural and manmade resources that also contribute to the quality of life and the character of the community. This chapter addresses how projected future land use needs have been addressed and identifies development opportunities in major corridors, nodes and specific geographic areas of the community. This chapter is complemented by Chapter 12: Future Land Use Pattern (or Map) that designates recommended future land uses for the community. B. GENERAL As shown in Table 4-1, the Future Land Use Pattern maintains the balance of major land uses and the balance between single-family and multi-family residential uses through the year 2015 . Between 1974 and 1995, roughly 3,534 acres were converted to urban uses. Over the past 7 years (1988 to 1995), nearly 2,000 acres have been converted to urban uses. At this pace of nearly 285 acres per year converted to urban uses, another 5,700 acres would be converted to urban uses by the year 2015. This pace of conversion would absorb all vacant acreage (4,421 acres). all partially developed Pharmacia-Upjohn property (660 acres), all intensive agricultural land ( I 70 acres), and all private recreation lands (356 acres). Accordingly, the future land use pattern should be examined annually for amendments, and a major update of the future land use pattern is encouraged every five years. As the year 20 I 5 is approached, the amount of vacant land available for urban development will be severely limited; thus. the balance of vacant land designated for the major land uses must be reexamined before the vacant land inventory reaches a point where adjustments can no longer be made. 1. Vacant Land a. Definition In Table 4- I, the 4,421 acres of vacant land includes the existing land use categories: I. Agriculture: Land area occupied by active agricultural uses (i.e. cropland). 2. Industrial Agriculture: Land area occupied by industrial agricultural activities such as cricket production, intensive animal production operations, and so forth. 3. Vacant : All unplatted land which is presently undeveloped. Also included as vacant land are schoolowned property unrelated to an existing facility and undeveloped city-owned property. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 4-1 �~ Table 4-1 COMPARISON OF FUTURE LAND USE DESIGNATIONS TO PROJECTED DEMAND ~ Cl r,, (") 0 3:: -0 ~ :c ~ V, 1995 ...,~ r :> z C -0 c:, :> ~ ~ ~ "'..., ~ ~ ;3 ~ -:;i z E, Major Land Use Low Density and Single-Family Detached Medium Density Medium and High Density Residential Office Retail Industrial - Upjohn (a, b) Industrial - Other Public (d) State Conservation Quasi-Public Transportation Right-of-Way Intensive Agriculture Subtotal Developed Water Vacant Total acres 6,398 above 646 249 667 1,278 484 895 1,546 772 2,704 170 15,809 1,732 4,421 21,962 Existing Land Use 1995-2015 Zoning Future percent of Demand Available Available developed acres (c) acres acres 40.5% 1,241 2,429 1,602 above above 0 575 4.1% 317 216 486 1.6% 243 190 365 4.2% 207 167 263 8.1% 303 670 705 3.1% 220 740 919 5.7% 280 0 105 9.8% 4.9% 17.1% 1.1% 100.0% 2,811 4,591 5,006 Notes: (a) The Upjohn Company accounts for 180 office and 438 industrial developed acres plus another 660 acres that are partially developed . (b) The Upjohn Company has 120 vacant residentially zoned acres, 550 vacant industrially zoned acres, and 660 industrially zoned acres that are not fully developed . (c) About 415 acres of existing land uses are redesignated for different uses . (d) The increa~e in public land is associated with the recent purchase of the 40-acre Mandigo Marsh and redesignation of 65 acres of public property for ...tJ for public purposes as part of the Portage Creek Bicentennial Park. W :\ 1699\masterpt\table.4- I Future Land Use Designation percent of acres developed 8,325 41.2% above above 1,132 5.6% 614 3.0% 4.6% 930 1,983 9.8% 1,224 6.1% 1,000 4.9% 1,546 7.7% 772 3.8% 2,704 13.4% 0 0.0% 20,230 100.0% 1,732 0 21,962 �b. Zoning Breakdown In reviewing the vacant land acreage, it is apparent that residentially zoned land (2,595 acres including 74 acres of residential planned unit development and 120 acres owned by Pharmacia-Upjohn) accounts for about 59 percent of the vacant land citywide (4,421 acres in 1995 reflecting a reduction of 660 partially developed acres owned by the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company), excluding about 1,546 acres of State conservation land , 356 acres of private recreation land , and 170 acres of intensive agricultural land. The Pharmacia-Upjohn Company owns about 120 vacant acres south of Zylman A venue and along the east side of Lovers Lane south of Romence Parkway that are residentially zoned . The large parcels of vacant residential land exist in the City of Portage primarily in the southernmost areas and on the western boundaries. (In referring to Table 4-1, the "existing zoning available acres" of 2,645 acres for residential excludes 120 acres owned by Pharmacia-Upjohn, and includes 170 acres of "intensive agriculture" use.) Excluding 1,210 industrial zoned vacant acres (roughly 550 acres unoccupied and 660 residual acres not fully developed) owned by The Pharmacia-Upjohn Company, industrially zoned vacant land is the second highest category of vacancy with approximately 919 acres or 21 percent of the total vacant land. Vacant industrially zoned land is primarily clustered in the Sprinkle Road corridor (247 acres), Shaver Road corridor (431 acres) and Lovers Lane corridor ( 168 acres), with the balance of 74 acres in scattered locations. Maintaining an adequate supply of developable industrial land is important to the economic health of the community, as industry uses large tracts of land, generates significant numbers of jobs, consumes local products, and creates a positive, secondary economic impact to serve the use and its workers. Vacant commercial land (for office and retail uses) represents about 10 percent (about 431 acres, 160 acres being office and I 04 acres being residential planned unit development) of all vacant land. With the assignment of the I 04 acres of residential planned unit development to major land use categories (30 acres to office and 74 acres to residential ), the vacant commercially zoned acreage drops to I 67 acres and the vacant office zoned acreage increases to 190 acres . With the development of several major commercial projects and numerous smaller projects over the past five years. the supply of vacant commercial land has dwindled, while the amount of developed commercial land has grown. Pressure to rezone additional commercial properties and redevelopment of older commercial properties is anticipated to result from the lack of larger, vacant commercial tracts . The remaining 380 acres of vacant land is associated primarily with private recreation areas (356 acres), followed by cemeteries (8 acres), nonprofit activities ( 12 acres) and other uses, all of which are zoned residential. 2. Intensive Agriculture Because the Future Land Use Pattern designates urban uses for all land except bodies of water, the 170 acres of intensive agricultural use is also assumed available for future urban development increasing the available land for development from 4,421 acres to 4,591 acres. Intensive agriculture equates to the existing land use category of "specialized agriculture" which includes land area occupied by greenhouse operations, cricket farms, and related activities. C. RESIDENTIAL I. Definition The goals, objectives and guidelines of the Comprehensive Plan establish residential density as a more effective means of evaluating compatibility with surrounding land uses than the type of housing (detached versus attached dwelling units). As shown on the Future Land Use Map, the Comprehensive Plan establishes four residential designations (with three density ranges) : I. Low Density Residential (LDR) -- up to 4 dwelling units per gross acre. This density range is typical for traditional single-family detached dwelling unit subdivisions. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL ) 4.3 �Under the Zoning Ordinance for the City of Portage, the LDR designation corresponds to the R- 1B, R- 1C and R-1 D one-family zoning districts ; however. there are no zoning districts that limit two-family and multi-family to not more than 4 dwelling units per gross acre. Thus, other residential zoning districts would be consistent with the LDR designation only if the average gross density of the site where restricted to not more than four dwelling units per gross acre throu~h some legal mechanism . Consistent with the Michigan Resource Inventory Act, I 979, PA 204, the LDR designation includes the following existing land use categories): • Single Family: Includes land area occupied by a single-family dwelling units (up to 4 dwelling units per gross acre). • Two-Family : Includes land area occupied by two-family dwelling units . Two-family dwelling units are defined as a structure with two families occupying the same structure (i .e., duplex or a two-family apartment house.), provided the density does not exceed 4 dwelling units per acre . (This land use category is rare in the City of Portage because there is no corresponding zoning district.) • Multi-family. low-density : Includes land area occupied by structure(s) containing three or more dwelling units with a density up to four dwelling units per acre. (This land use category is rare in the City of Portage because there is not corresponding zoning district.) 2. Single-Family Detached Medium Density Residential (SFD) -- detached structures up to 8 dwelling units per gross acres. Under the Zoning Ordinance for the City of Portage, the SFD designation corresponds to the R-1 A one-family zoning district. Consistent with the Michigan Resource Inventory Act, I 979 , PA 204 , the SFD designation includes Single Family detached dwellings with greater than 4 dwelling units per gross acre. 3. Medium Density Residential (MDR) -- greater than 4 and up to 8 dwelling units per gross acre . This density range covers the transition from detached to attached dwelling units. Under the Zoning Ordinance for the City of Portage , the MDR designation corresponds to the R- IT (Attached Residential ), MHC (Mobile Home Community), RM-2 (Multi-Family) and PD (Planned Development) zoning districts . (The PD District is a mixed use zoning district allowing 20 percent of the land area for non-residential uses and permitting medium density residential uses of no more than 7 units per acre, with no individual phase of the project exceeding I 2 units per acre.) The MDR designation includes the following existing land use categories (consistent with the Michigan Resource Inventory Act, 1979, PA 204): 4. • Two-Family: Includes land area occupied by two-family dwelling units . Two-family dwelling units are defined as a structure with two families occupying the same structure (i.e., duplex or a two-family apartment house). • Multi-family, medium-density: Includes land area occupied by a multi-famil y structure(s) with a density greater than four but less than or equal to eight dwelling units per acre. • Mobile Home Cornmunitv : Includes land area specially designed for mobile home use. High Density Residential (HDR) -- greater than 8 and up to 15 dwelling units per gross acre. Thi s densit y range is typical of attached dwelling units . Under the Zoning Ordinance for the City of Portage. the HDR designation corresponds to the RM - I (Multi-Family) zoning district. PORTAGE C OMPREH ENS IVE PL AN U PD ATE. MASTER PLA N REPORT ( FI NAL) 4-4 �The HDR designation includes the following existing land use categories (consistent with the Michigan Resource Inventory Act, 1979, PA 204 ): • Multi-family. medium-high density : Includes land area occupied by a multi -family structure(s) with a density greater than 8 but less than or equal to 15 dwelling units per t acre . The Comprehensive Plan establishes that average gross residential densities in excess of 15 dwelling units per acre are inappropriate for the City of Portage. (Thus, the Comprehensive Plan does not contain the PA 204 designation of Multi-family. high-density which includes land area occupied by a multi-family structure(s) with a density greater than 15 dwelling units per acre .) However, the Comprehensive Plan also encourages a mixture of housing types in larger mixed-use, planned unit and residential development projects to provide for a range of housing opportunities for all income groups, for a transition in densities within the development and to surrounding areas, and for innovative design fostering cost-efficient housing and protection of amenities and environment assets. Accordingly , the Comprehensive Plan permits the use of average densities in planned unit development, innovative residential design , cluster housing and similar concepts. 2. Existing Residential Existing Single famil y. two-family. multiple family (low, medium, medium-high , and high-densities), and mobile home residential uses represent the largest land area within the City. In 1995 , these uses occupied 32.1 percent (7,044 acres) of City land area (compared to the I 988 figure of 27 .5% ); and accounted for 44 .6 percent of the developed area. Single-family development increased by 14 percent in acreage from I 988 to 1995 , while multiplefamil y development increased by 32 percent in acreage over the same time period. 3. Existing Vacant Residential As of May of 1995, there were an estimated 2,765 acres of vacant residentially zoned land including: • • • • 156 acres of RM- I 60 acres of RM-2 74 acres of PD for residential 2,475 acres in other residential zoning categories (R-1 A, R-1 B, R- 1C, R- ID, R-IT and MHC) . This inventory excludes 1,732 acres in the Gourdneck State Game Preserve area and 356 acres of private recreation land that area zoned R-1 C, but includes 120 acres of Pharmacia-Upjohn land zoned R- IB along the south side of Zlyman A venue and the east side of Lovers Lane to the south of Romence Road Parkway . It should be noted that the inventory of vacant R-1 A, R- 1T and MHC acreage is very small, followed by the R-1 D. R- 1B and R-1 C in order of increasing inventory size. 4. Projected Residential Demand Based on a 1995 estimate of 17 ,031 dwelling units with 70 percent being owner-occupied (generally single-family), the gross single-family density is I .86 units per acre and the gross multi-famil y density is 7.9 units per acre. Between the years 1995 and 2015, an additional 4.8 IO units are needed to accommodate the projected population with only 48 percent of the new housing being owner-occupied . Thus. 1,241 acres would be absorbed for singlefamily dwellings over the next 20 years. and 317 acres would be needed to support multi-family development, based on the continuation of current densities. A compari son of projected demand for single-famil y and multi-famil y acreage to the vacant zoned residential land would indicate a sufficient supply (2.725 acres ) to meet demand ( 1,558 acres ). However, a closer review of the vacant residential land indicates that there are few large tracts of land under single ownership without environmental constraints. that there are few vacant tracts where smaller single-famil y lots are permitted, and that there are PORTA GE C OMPREHE NSIVE PLAN U PD ATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FI NAL ) 4-5 �insufficient vacant tracts appropriately zoned for multi-family development (216 acres available compared to a demand for 317 acres). 5. Future Residential Designation The Future Land Use Pattern' provides 2,663 available acres for residential development including: • • • 1,602 acres in the Low Density Residential Designation 575 acres in the Single Family Detached Medium Density Residential Designation 486 acres in the Medium and High Density Residential Designations. This available acreage excludes 120 residentially zoned acres owned by the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company, the State Game Preserve and private recreational areas, but includes about 140 of the I 70 acres of "intensive agriculture" use (i.e., greenhouse operations). 6. Residential Development Opportunities This section describes the residential development opportunities provided by the Future Land Use Pattern, a. Smaller Lots To provide opportunities for detached housing on smaller lots than the present zoning of vacant land, several areas are identified for smaller single-family lot development in the R-1 A residential district or a new cluster housing district (575 acres): I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Between 12th Street and US 131 south of Romence Road (50 acres). Between Schuring Road and Romence Road west of Westnedge Avenue (80 acres) . East of Sprinkle Road from Zylman Avenue to Centre Avenue (120 acres) . Between 12th Street and US 131 south of Centre Avenue to the south corporate boundary (150 acres). Along the west side of Sprinkle Road straddling Branch Avenue (150 acres). On the northeast corner of Constitution Boulevard and Romence Road (25 acres). b. Multi-Family Areas To improve the choice of housing types (detached versus attached), to provide a more dispersed pattern of multifamily sites and to provide housing opportunities for moderate income households over the present zoning of vacant land. additional medium and high density residential areas have been identified to expand site choice and to ensure adequate multi-family zoned land without development constraints to meet the continuation of present demands (317 acres to the year 2015) . There are presently about 156 acres of vacant multi-family zoned sites (excluding about 14 acres on the south side of Milham A venue east of Sprinkle Road in Portage Commerce Park, 30 acres on Portage Creek proposed for future industrial use west of Shaver Road to the north of Melody Avenue, and 16 acres redesignated for other uses) : I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 20 acres 30 acres 30 acres 50 acres 26 acres south of Centre A venue along Shirely Court. south of Centre A venue along the west side of Portage Creek. north of Centre Avenue along the west side of Portage Creek. on the north side of Osterhout A venue east of the Conrail tracks . in scattered sites of less than IO acres throughout the community. Additional areas recommended for medium density (up to 8 dwelling units per acre) and high density (up to 15 dwelling units per acre) residential dwelling development would add 330 acres: I. 60 acres off 12th Street north of 1-94 (medium density). PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 4-6 �2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 40 acres on I 2th Street south of Milham Avenue (high density ). 40 acres on the north side of Milham Avenue between the Conrail tracks and Portage Creek (high density) . 25 acres between Schuring Road and Portage Central Park west of Westnedge Avenue commercial area (medium density ). 100 acres to the'llorth of Centre Avenue straddling Lovers Lane (medium density ). 45 acres on the north side of Osterhout A venue east of the Conrail tracks (high density) . 20 acres along the east side of Oakland Drive from 1-94 to Centre Avenue with additional acreage possible through the redevelopment of single-family dwellings on large lots. Thus, the Future Land Use Pattern makes available 486 acres for medium and high density residential development. Although this available acreage exceeds the demand of 317 acres by about 60 percent in order to provide a choice of sites, it should be noted that 65 acres involve greenhouse operations and 20 acres involve redevelopment of large single-family tracts . Accordingly , the choice of readily available sites is limited. c. Planned Unit Residential Although the Comprehensive Plan does not designate specific geographic areas for "planned unit development," it encourages a range of housing opportunities for all income groups, a mixture of housing types and innovative design for the protection of environmentally sensitive areas that can be accomplished through "planned unit development." The "planned unit development" facilitates a range of housing types. allows the clustering of dwelling units for the preservation of natural amenities and the protection of environmentally sensitive areas, enables a transition in type and density of housing to blend into the surrounding area, ensures public review of site design, and may permit the inclusion of a limited amount of nonresidential uses supportive of the residential development. The City of Portage presently has a Planned Unit Development zoning district (which permits 20% of the area to be used for nonresidential uses) that accomplishes these objectives. Consideration should be given to the development of additional flexible residential zoning techniques. Such techniques typically establish an average density for the project area and a maximum density so that higher than average densities are permitted on a portion of the project area in order to preserve natural areas on the balance of the site. As the number of large tracts without environmental constraints shrink in future years , additional tools (such as "planned unit development" districts or "cluster housing" districts) are desirable to facilitate in-fill development and the development of tracts with environmental constraints in a manner compatible with surrounding uses and environmentally sensitive areas . 7. Residential Use Conclusion The Future Land Use Pattern designates 2,663 available acres to address the projected 20-year demand for 1,558 acres. broadens the opportunity for smaller single-famil y lots and provides choice in sites for medium and high density development. However, because the choice of medium and high density sites is limited , there will be pressure in future years when the inventory of designated medium and high density parcels is diminished . D. OFFICE 1. Definition The office designation of the Future Land Use Pattern corresponds to the office category of the Michigan Resource Inventory Act, 1979, PA 204 . As such , office includes land area occupied by all types of individual office facilities and related offstreet parking. Because the Future Land Use Map shows only one office designation, it includes professional offices (doctors, dentists, lawyers, engineers, accountants, etc.); real estate and insurance offices; banks and other financial institutions; art and photographic studios; general offices ; and community research facilities . Clearly general office use and community research facilities require larger sites than the typical pre-existing residential uses along arterials ; and compatibility with the abutting residential area will be important in the selection of the appropriate type and intensity of office use . Those office facilities ancillary to commercial or industrial uses are not included in this category. Under the Zoning Ordinance for the City of Portage, the office designation corresponds to the OS- I (Office Service District), OS-2 (Office Service District -- High-Tech, Research Uses), and P ORTA GE C OMPREHENS IVE PLA "- U PD ATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FI NAL) 4-7 �the RC (Research Park District) zoning districts. The Planned Development (PD) District may also include office uses . 2. Existing, Vacant and Projected Office Use The office component of the commercial land use category has shown the most dramatic growth over the past 7 years, increasing 86 acres from 343 in I 988 to 429 acres in 1995, covering 1.6 percent of the developed land area. Of the 429 acres of office, 180 acres are associated with the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company. If this pace of office growth continues, another 246 acres would be absorbed over the next 20 years -- I 03 acres associated with the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company and 143 acres for others. Employment growth in the finance/insurance/real estate (FIRE) and services employment sectors over the next 20 years (1995 to 2015) is forecasted to add 2,766 employees. Thus, the FIRE and Services categories would generate a demand for another 100 acres (4 employees per 1,000 square feet with a 20% floor area ratio) . Thus, the composite office demand is 243 acres, excluding the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company . As of May of 1995, there were 190 acres of vacant office zoned land (including 30 acres of planned unit development). In light of the demand for 243 acres of office over the next 20 years, the present supply of vacant office land is inadequate to provide a choice of office sites. 3. Future Office Designation The Future Land Use Pattern makes available 365 acres for future office development to meet the projected demand for 243 acres over the next twenty year . The available acreage for office development includes: • • • • 190 acres of vacant land zoned for office (excluding the 30-acre bog on the south side of South Westnedge Park and including 30 acres of Planned Development) . 40 acres on Pharmacia-Upjohn property on the south side of Milham Avenue. 50 acres through the redevelopment of residential uses along arterials. 85 acres on vacant sites redesignated from other zoning categories. Thus, there are only 275 acres readily available to meet the projected demand for 243 acres over the next twenty years . This increases the likelihood of the conversion of single-family residences to offices along arterials of major office corridors and the pressure on vacant commercial tracts that may be used for office as well as retail uses. 4. Office Development Opportunities The "Future Land Use Pattern" identifies two major office corridors in the City of Portage: • • The Milham A venue corridor from Oakland Drive to Portage Road, and The Center A venue corridor from 12th Street to Portage Road. a. Milham Avenue Office Corridor The Milham A venue Office corridor runs from Oakland Drive to Portage Road , and the office along Lovers Lane from Ramona Avenue to the Milham Avenue uses (see Figure 7-1). The combined Milham A venue/Lovers Lane office corridor includes 35 vacant acres zoned for office and another 80 acres proposed for office. The location of these sites appear in Figure 7-1 , and are described in Chapter 7. b. Centre Avenue Office Corridor The "Future Land Use Pattern" extends the current Centre Avenue office corridor between 12th Street on the west and Westnedge Avenue eastward to Portage Road (see Figure 7-2). Because of the larger sites available along the Centre A venue office corridor than the Milham Avenue corridor, this corridor offers greater opportunities for PORTAGE COMPREHE NSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN R EPORT (FI NAL) 4-8 �research/office parks and for corporate offices. The Centre Avenue corridor includes I 25 vacant acres zoned for office and an additional 65 acres proposed for office. The location of these sites appear in Figure 7-2, and are described in Chapter 7. c. Additional Office Opportunities • The "Future Land Use Pattern" also identifies office development opportunities outside the two major office corridors: I. 2. 3. 4. 30 acres zoned for office on the south side of Bishop Avenue west of Capri Street. 2 acres zoned for office on the north side of Mall Drive. Proposed offices on Kilgore Road east (about 5 acres) and west (15 acres) of Westnedge Avenue. IO acres redesignated on the northwest corner of Lovers Lane and I-94 for office rather than industrial use. 5. Office Use Conclusion Thus, the "Future Land Use Pattern" would provide about 365 acres in new sites for office uses . This provides a choice in sites over the demand for office space of 243 acres over the next twenty years. However, with constraints on development of 40 acres owned by the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company and 50 acres involving the conversion of single-family structures along arterials , the readily available office sites are in the range of about 275 acres resulting in limited choice of sites over demand as the inventory of available office zoned sites dwindles. E. COMMERCIAL I. Definition As shown on the Future Land Use Map, the Comprehensive Plan establishes three commercial designations : 1. Local Business (LB) -- The "local business" designation is intended for neighborhood supportive uses and services (gasoline, convenience store, dry cleaning drop off, bank, sma11 sit-down restaurant), and may include personal service establishments and professional offices. Neighborhood shopping centers fall in this designation. Thus, convenience (nondurable) goods and services are provided to residents and employees in the immediate neighborhood. Under the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Portage, the LB designation generally corresponds to the permitted uses in B-1 Local Business zoning district; however, general office uses and community research facilities would be inappropriate due to their magnitude and intensity. The commercial component of a residential planned unit development (Planned Development District) may also fall within the LB designation from the perspective that the commercial in a planned unit development is primary intended to support the residential uses of the development. Consistent with the Michigan Resource Inventory Act, I 979, PA 204, the LB designation corresponds to the land use category of : • 2. Local Business: Includes land area occupied by retail and service facilities plus related offstreet parking, which accommodates the convenience shopping and service needs of persons residing in adjacent residential areas. Businesses contained in this group include food (such as stop and go) and drug stores, personal services (such as barber and beauty shops, dry cleaners, laundromats, etc.). Comparison Business (CB) •· The "comparison business" designation is intended for shoppers goods (nondurable and smaller durable goods) and for personal service establishments, and may include general offices and community research facilities . The "comparison business" designation may also be termed "intensive" commercial/ business or "community" commercial/business. Community and PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 4-9 �regional shopping centers fall in this designation . Thus, shopping goods and services are provided to residents and employees in the community and the metropolitan areas. Under the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Portage, CB designation generally corresponds to the permitted uses in B-2 Community Business zoning district and would include the CPD (Commercial Planned Develop_ment) zoning district. Consistent with the Michigan Resource Inventory Act, 1979, PA 204, the CB designation corresponds to the land use category of : • 3. Comparison: Includes land area occupied by retail uses and related offstreet parking, offering commodities which are normally purchased at infrequent intervals and allows the consumer to shop and compare between a number of different businesses. Included in this group are planned commercial centers such as Crossroads Mall and Southland Mall. General Business (GB) -- The "general business" designation is intended for the full range of retail uses (nondurable and durable goods -- large and small), for hotel/motel and other highway services, for recreation facilities and for personal service establishments, and may include general offices and community research facilities . This designation adds the land extensive and large durable goods retail and service uses such as garden centers, home materials, automobile sales and services, furniture stores and large appliance stores (refrigerators, air-conditioners, washers, dryers, stoves). Thus, the full range of retail goods and services are provided to the community and travelers in this commercial designation . Under the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Portage, the GB designation generally corresponds to the permitted uses in B-3 General Business zoning district, and would include the ES (Expressway Service) District in view of the land extensive uses such as motels and hotels serving the traveling public. Consistent with the Michigan Resource Inventory Act, 1979, PA 204, the GB designation corresponds to the land use category of : • General : Includes land area occupied by types of businesses and related offstreet parking, which do not require a shopping center location and do not primarily cater to the needs of adjacent residential areas . Land uses included in this category are restaurants, automotive sales and service, furniture, food stores which serve a larger area, etc. 2. Existing Commercial About 5.8 percent of the developed land area (5 .0 percent of the total land area) is occupied by commercial uses, including office, local business, comparison shopping, and general business uses. Commercial activity increased by I 0.8 percent between 1988 and 1995 with the most significant gains in the office district. About 5 acres of general business land and 180 acres of office land are owned by The Pharmacia-Upjohn Company. Excluding office acreage, retail commercial uses represented 667 acres or 4.2 percent of the developed area in May of 1995. 3. Existing Vacant Commercial The commercial land inventory (Table 4-2) identifies commercially planned or zoned parcels within the City of Portage as of May of 1995. The inventory shows 380 acres of vacant land zoned for commercial purposes. Excluding 109 acres in office service (estimated to be 160 acres in June of 1995) and 104 acres in planned development (30 acres assigned to office and 74 acres assigned to residential ), there are only 167 acres of vacant retail property. PORTAGE COMPREHENSI VE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 4-10 �a. Commercial Zoning Districts Eight (8) zoning districts have been established in the City which support commercial activity. The districts include the B-1 , Local Business ; B-2, Community Business; B-3 , General Business ; OS-I, Office Service; 0S-2, Office Service (High-Tech, Research Uses); ES , Expressway Service; PD, Planned Development; and CPD, Commercial Planned Development. These are explained below: • Local Business (B-1): This district is intended to provide convenience shopping and service needs of persons residing in neighboring residential areas . Types of uses allowed in the B-1 district include but are not limited to convenience and drug stores, personal service establishments such as dry cleaners and laundromats and small neighborhood shopping centers. • Community Business (B-2): The community business district is designed to cater to the needs of a larger consumer population and is generally characterized by an integrated or planned cluster of establishments served by a common parking area and generating large volumes of vehicular and pedestrian traffic . Consumers can shop and compare between a number of different businesses within larger malls and planned commercial centers such as Crossroads Mall and Southland Mall. • General Business (B-3): This district permits more diversified commercial business types and is often located along major traffic arteries intended to serve passerby traffic . Uses allowed in this district include but are not limited to shopping centers, malls and also drive-thru restaurants, automotive sales and service. hotels, furniture or appliance stores. • Office Service (OS-1): The OS-I district is intended to accommodate office and institutional land use acti vities. Typical uses allowed in this district include but are not limited to executive, administrative, and medical offices , banks and personal service establishments. • Office Service (OS-2): The OS-2 district is intended to provide locations for offices , research and development uses, laboratories and similar high-tech uses . • Expressway Service (ES): This zoning district is designed to provide servicing for the needs of automobile highway traffic at the interchange of feeder roads and expressway facilities . Uses permitted in this district include but are not limited to hotels, gas stations, and other general business uses designed to serve automobile highway traffic needs . • Planned Development (PD): The planned development district is intended to provide variety and flexibility in land development. This district will support both residential and non-residential uses which are planned and developed together as a single entity. A maximum of twenty percent of the total planned development area may be used for non-residential uses, including access roads and parking associated with such non-residential use. • Commercial Planned Development (CPD): This zoning district establishes a planned development approach for the consideration of retail developments involving community business uses (similar to the B-2 di strict). It allows for greater flexibility and control when reviewing retail development projects and/or rezoning requests . PORTAGE C OMPREH ENSI VE PL AN U PDATE : MASTER PlAI< REPORT ( FI NA L) 4- 11 �Table 4-2 COMMERCIAL ZONING DISTRICT SUMMARY (excludes properties of The Upjohn Company) ZONING DISTRICTS Local Business Community Business General Business Office Service Expressway Service l TOTAL 154 I 1,303 Planned Development Total Acreage 65 342 440 270 32 Vacant Acreage 22 51 70 l09 24 I 104 I 380 Occupied Acreage 43 291 369 162 8 I 50 I 923 Number of Parcels 65 124 479 152 39 28 887 Number of Vacant Parcels 19 23 72 37 29 7 187 Number of Occupied Parcels I 46 IOI 407 I 15 10 21 700 Number of Vacant Parcels Greater than One Acre I 6 I 15 I 23 I 20 I 4 I 6 I 74 Number of Parcels Occupied I by a Single-Family Use 11 I 3 I 64 I 28 I 7 I 0 I 113 Source: City of Portage, 1993. Note: PORTAGE COMPREIIENS JVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (f'INAL) Subsequent to the 1993 inventory, additional land was zoned for offices. The "office service" category was estimated to have about 160 vacant acres in the June of 1995. 4 - 12 �4. Projected Commercial Demand Forecasted employment growth in the retail trade, finance/insurance/real estate (FIRE) and Services employment sectors indicates a strong demand for additional commercial lands. Retail employment growth between 1995 and 2015 would generate a demand for nearly 207 acres (2 employees per 1,000 square feet with a 10% floor area ratio). The FIRE and Services categories would generate the demand for another 100 acres (4 employees per 1,000 square feet with a 20% floor area ratio). The projected need for 100 acres in the FIRE and Services sectors has been included in the demand for office space. Thus, the projected retail use demand is 207 acres, and the supply of 167 acres of vacant retail zoned land is not adequate to accommodate retail demand. Further, the availability of larger sites appears limited referring to Table 4-2, and the vacant land within Portage Commerce Square (discussed below) is not sufficient to accommodate retail growth . With a ratio of about 1,000 persons per acre of local retail (neighborhood-oriented retail), the increase of 6,776 persons over the next 20 years would create a demand for 7 acres of additional neighborhood commercial uses . Thus, "comparison'' retail and "general" retail are more significant components of the future retail land use needs. 5. Future Commercial Designation The Future Land Use Pattern focuses commercial uses in two major commercial corridors, identifies four commercial revitalization areas, and designates 5 primary and 11 secondary commercial nodes. With a projected demand for an additional 207 acres by the year 2015, there are only 167 acres of vacant retail zoned properties. The Comprehensive Plan designates an additional 96 acres for retail purposes. Thus, the future available acreage for retail is 263 acres . Excluding Pharmacia-Upjohn property and the redevelopment of greenhouse and residential property. there are only 216 acres of readily available land for retail development. This retail land inventory will address projected demand; however, there is a very limited choice of greenfield sites. Thus, the revitalization of existing commercial areas is crucial to provide a choice of sites for future retail activities. The two major commercial corridors (for regional, community and neighborhood commercial uses), where contiguous properties may be included, are: • • Westnedge Avenue from Kilgore Road to Shaver Road encompassing Portage Commerce Square, and Portage Road from I-94 to Milham Avenue and from north of Centre Avenue to Emily Drive near Austin Lake. The Future Land Use Pattern also designates four commercial revitalization areas where commercial rezonings of contiguous properties would be entertained and public actions (such as public infrastructure improvements) would stimulate private reinvestment: • • • • Westnedge Avenue from Romence Road Parkway to Shaver Road Portage Road from I-94 to south of Winters Drive Portage Road from Centre Avenue to north of Emily Drive Sprinkle Road at Long Lake Drive The five primary commercial nodes for local/employment supportive retail and service uses (grocery, drug-store, hardware store, restaurant, personal services, and business services) are: I. 2. 3. 4. 5. Milham A venue at 12th Street (30 vacant acres) Sprinkle Road at Meredith Road (20 vacant acres) Centre A venue at Moorsbridge Road Centre A venue at Portage Road Shaver Road at Oakland Drive (6 vacant acres) PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLA N UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 4-13 �The eleven ( 11) secondary commercial nodes for local supportive uses and services (gasoline, convenience store, dry cleaning drop off, bank, small sit-down restaurant), with the B-1 zoning district being the most appropriate, are: I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11 . Milham A venue at Roanoke Street Milham A venue at Lovers Lane Sprinkle Road at East Milham Road Centre Avenue at Oakland Drive Centre Avenue at Westnedge Avenue Centre A venue at Lovers Lane Centre A venue at Sprinkle Road Portage Road at Zylman Avenue Shaver Road at Osterhout Avenue Portage Road at Osterhout Avenue (designated "comparison business") Sprinkle Road at Long Lake Drive. 6. Commercial Development Opportunities a. Portage Commerce Square and Westnedge Avenue Commercial Corridor Major regional retail activities are focused in the geographic area of the City of Portage known as "Portage Commerce Square." This "Square" contains over I ,800 acres and is bounded by Milham A venue, Lovers Lane, Romence Road, and Constitution Boulevard (see Figure 7-3). Approximately 83 percent of the land area is occupied . The remaining 17 percent is vacant and zoned for residential , business or industrial development. Significant commercial development occurs along South Westnedge Avenue - more than 2.5 million square feet of building space with an estimated 4,050 existing job opportunities. Residential neighborhoods are also distributed in various locations in this area of the community - 1,746 dwelling units with an estimated 4,600 residents. The continued strength of Portage Commerce Square is reflected in the addition of greenfield sites for commercial use and in the identification of redevelopment opportunities for commercial purposes. There are about 73 vacant acres zoned for retail in the "Square." The Comprehensive Plan establishes the 40 acres of vacant commercially zoned property on the south side of Romence Road west of Westnedge as a valuable addition to the Square as a greenfield; provides for the opportunity to redevelop about IO acres for retail purposes within the portion of the Della/Ruth neighborhood fronting on Westnedge Avenue ; and proposes office rather than industrial use between Portage Creek and Lovers Lane from Milham A venue to Ramona A venue. With the redesignation of the west side of Lovers Lane from Milham Avenue to Ramona Avenue from industrial to office, about 13 acres of vacant land are now available for office, and the office designation is intended to improve the marketability of this area. With the designation of 25 acres on the northeast corner of Romence Road and Constitution Boulevard for medium residential, little viable vacant land for new residential development remains within Portage Commerce Square. For the remainder of the Westnedge Avenue Commercial Corridor north and south of Portage Commerce Square, the Future Land Use Map identifies 20 acres currently zoned for commercial and identifies another 50 acres for commercial development (refer to Figure 7-3): • • • • Including 20 acres zoned for Expressway Services on the northwest corner of 1-94 and Westnedge A venue is designated for general business which permit ES zoning district uses. Adding 15 vacant acres on the west side of South Westnedge Avenue near Kilgore Road behind the Willow Creek shopping center. Adding 25 acres of vacant and greenhouse property west of the Conrail tracks from Romence Road Parkway to Garden Lane. Adding IO acres between Peterman Road and Schuring Road abutting existing Westnedge A venue commercial uses on the east, an industrial use on the south, and greenhouse operations on the west. PORT AGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 4-14 �Thus, the combination of the Portage Commerce Square and the Westnedge Commercial Corridor provide 153 acres (93 being already zoned) for future retail development to address the demand for 207 retail acres. b. Other Commercial Development Opportunities Outside the Westnedge Commercial Corridor, retail development opportunities tend to be scattered. There are 74 acres of vacant zoned retail sites including: • • • • IO acres on the west side of Shaver Road to the south of Melody A venue . 20 acres on the southwest corner of Sprinkle Road and Meredith Street. 10 acres on Sprinkle Road north of Branch Avenue (that is proposed of smaller single-family lots). 34 acres in scattered sites of five acres or less. The most significant additions to available retail sites outside the Westnedge Commercial Corridor are the designation of 30 acres on the southwest and southeast corners of Portage Road and Milham A venue for commercial purposes in the Portage Commercial Corridor, and the designation of 30 acres on the southeast corner of Milham A venue and 12th Street for a new primary commercial node. 7. Commercial Use Conclusion In summary. the "Future Land Use Pattern" provides about 263 additional acres (including 167 acres of commercially zoned properties) to meet future demand for commercial sites. This available acreage is concentrated in the Westnedge Avenue Commercial Corridor (153 acres) and the Portage Road Commercial Corridor (about 44 acres) . However, about 60 acres involve redevelopment of residential areas and greenhouses abutting Westnedge Avenue and major property owners such as Pharmacia-Upjohn Company, and is not readily available today for commercial development. Accordingly, readily available vacant sites for commercial purposes approximate about 203 acres. Thus, revitalization of existing commercial areas will be important in accommodating projected demands for commercial acreage. F. INDUSTRIAL 1. Definition The "Future Land Use Pattern" designates industrial areas. and does not subcategorize industrial areas . Thus, the "industrial" designation includes both "light" and "heavy" industrial uses as defined below. Generally associated with 1-1 industrial zoning, "light industrial" includes wholesaling, warehousing. truck/recreational vehicle/mobile home/manufactured home/agricultural equipment sales and services, and manufacturing act1v1t1es not involving raw materials. Except for truck/recreational vehicle/mobile home/manufactured home/agricultural equipment sales, all outdoor activities and materials should be screened from public view. Generally associated with the I-2 zoning district, "heavy industrial" encompasses manufacturing activities involving raw materials, the extraction of minerals, and industrial activities where outdoor activities and materials may not be screened. Consistent with the Michigan Resource Inventory Act. 1979, PA 204, the industrial designation includes the following land use categories: • Light: Includes land area occupied by industrial operations which manufacture, prepare, or assemble a product from previously prepared materials. Types of operations include tool and die shops, machine shops, automotive repair such as body repair, painting, engine rebuilding, etc. • Heavy: Includes land area occupied by large scale industrial and manufacturing operations which generally produce a product from raw materials. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FINAL) 4-15 �2. Existing Industrial Industrial uses accounted for approximately 4.2 percent (922 acres) of total City land area in 1995. A modest growth rate of 18.4 percent overall accounts for the ongoing development of primarily light industrial uses. A number of activities were reclassified in the 1988 survey, accounting for the disparity in growth rates in the two categories. In the year 1995, the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company accounted for 98 light industrial acres and 340 heavy industrial acres plus 660 partially developed acres and I 80 acres of office. Thus, as shown in Table 4-1, the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company represents 1,278 developed acres; whereas, developed industrial properties under other ownership account for 484 acres. The total of 1,762 acres represents 8.0 percent of the total City land area and 11 .2 percent of the developed land area. 3. Existing Vacant Industrial The 1993 industrial inventory identified land within the City zoned and/or planned for industrial use excluding the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company properties referring to Table 4-3 . A total of 919 acres of vacant industrially zoned land was identified that comprises about : • • • • 247 acres along Sprinkle Road 168 acres along Lovers Lane 431 acres along Shaver Road 73 acres in scattered sites. In addition to the 1,278 acres of Pharmacia-Upjohn property that is fully or partially developed, the company has another 550 acres with industrial zoning and 120 acres with residential zoning that are vacant. 4. Projected Industrial Demand Forecasted employment increases for the construcuon, manufacturing, transportation/communications/utilities and wholesale trade employment sectors are modest at 1.557 new jobs over the next 20 years. 630 in wholesale trade. Yet. industrial land has been absorbed at about 21 acres per year over the past 7 years . This translates into a demand for 420 acres for industrial use over the next 20 years . Based on the proportion of fully developed industrial Pharmacia-Upjohn property and existing developed industrial property owned by others, the future demand for industrial land was allocated with 200 acres going to Pharmacia-Upjohn and 220 acres going others. [Adding the Pharmacia-Upjohn share of office space at 103 acres, the future demand of 303 acres is associated with UpjohnPharmacia over the next 20 years .] Although the 1993 inventory of vacant industrially zoned land at 919 acres appears to be sufficient, the number of available sites over 5 acres appears restrictive referring to Table 4-4. Moreover, the ability of existing industries to expand or relocate to new sites would add the demand for another 460 acres (218 acres associated with PharmaciaUpjohn and 242 acres associated with others) to provide a 50 percent expansion capacity over the next 20 years. 5. Future Industrial Designation The Future Land Use Pattern makes available 740 acres for future industrial development (not involving PharmaciaUpjohn) to address the demand of 220 acres for new industrial development and 242 acres associated with existing industrial expansions and relocations. In the case of the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company, the redevelopment of the residential area (I 00 acres) south of Ramona Avenue for industrial more than offsets the proposed retail and office use of 65 acres on the south side of Milham Avenue between Lovers Lane and Portage Road . Thus, the PharmaciaUpjohn Company would have 705 acres for expansion in addition to the 1,278 fully and partially developed acres. PORTAGE COMPREH ENSIVE PLA N UPDATE : MASTER PLA N REPORT ( FINA L) 4-16 �Table 4-3 INDUSTRIAL ZONING DISTRICT SUMMARY excludes properties of The Upjohn Company) TOTAL LIGHT HEAVY INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL 1,441.66 406.99 Vacant acreage 663.43 255 .76 Occupied acreage 778.23 151.92 343 73 90 26 253 47 301 68 17 86 336 73 410 306 69 0 375 268 65 0 333 288 29 3 0 0 3 38 19 0 57 300 56 29 14 0 43 159 15 0 174 223 53 0 276' 343 73 174 36 Total acreage Number of parcels Number of vacant parcels Number of occupied parcels Number of parcels greater than 5 acres Number of parcels not classified as a 307 site Number of parcels not contained in a floodplain/wetland Number of parcels without soil constraints Number of parcels with both water and sewer available Number of parcels with only sewer available Number of parcels with only water available Number of parcels adjacent to a major thoroughfare Number of parcels adjacent to an active railroad Number of parcels with 2 miles of a highway Number of parcels with no residential impact Number of parcels zoned for industrial use Number of parcels planned for industrial use REsEARCH PARK 26.62 1,875.27 919.19 26.62 956.08 417 0 I 16 318 357 417 0 210 Source: City of Portage, 1993 PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (fiNAL) 4-17 �The Comprehensive Plan identifies two major industrial corridors: • The Sprinkle Road Corridor generally running from the east City limits to Portage Creek and from Milham Avenue to Zylman Avenue with 705 acres available for Pharmacia-Upjohn expansion and another 285 acres available for industrial development by others. • Shaver Road Corridor from roughly south of Centre Avenue to Oakland Drive with 405 acres available for industrial development. Outside of these two major industrial corridors are about 50 acres of vacant industrially zoned land available for development. 6. Industrial Development Opportunities a. Sprinkle Road Industrial Corridor The Sprinkle Road Corridor generally runs from the east City limits to Portage Creek and from Milham Avenue to Zylman Avenue (see Figure 7-4). Independent of Pharmacia-Upjohn, the corridor contains 272 acres zoned for industrial with another 13 acres redesignated for industrial use. In the case of Pharmacia-Upjohn, the corridor includes 485 acres with industrial zoning and another 220 acres designed for industrial use . The location of these sites appears in Figure 7-4, and are described in Chapter 7. b. Shaver Road Industrial Corridor The Shaver Road Corridor runs from roughly south of Centre Avenue to Oakland Drive (see Figure 7-5). The corridor contains 375 acres of industrially zoned land and another 30 acres designated for industrial uses . The location of these sites appears in Figure 7-5, and are described in Chapter 7. c. Addition Industrial Opportunities Outside the Sprinkle Road and Shaver Road Industrial Corridor. there are another 50 acres of zoned industrial land in scattered sites. Most sites are located along Portage Road between Centre Avenue and Bacon Avenue, and have been identified for general business in the future land use pattern . 7. Industrial Conclusion The Future Land Use Pattern provides 740 acres (including 697 industrially zoned acres) to address the projected demand of 220 acres for new sites and 242 acres for expansion and relocation of existing industrial use. In the case of the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company, there would be an estimated 705 acres available for expansion including another 660 acres not fully developed within the campus. The redevelopment of the Ramano Avenue residential area (I 00 acres) for industrial purposes for Pharmacia-Upjohn would more than off-set the 65 acres of Pharmacia-Upjohn property along the south side of Milham A venue between Lovers Lane and Portage Road . In the Sprinkle Road Industrial Corridor, the Future Land Use Pattern proposes redevelopment of 100 acres of residential south of Ramona Avenue for industrial use by Pharmacia-Upjohn and the addition of 13 to 20 acres of primarily vacant land on the south side of Milham A venue to Portage Commerce Park where the City of Portage is making infrastructure improvements to facilitate business development. On the other hand, about 145 acres of vacant industrially zoned land have been designated for non-industrial uses along Lovers Lane. This will shift the character of vacant land along Lovers Lane between Kilgore Road and Ramona A venue from industrial to office. In the Shaver Road Industrial Corridor, the Future Land Use Pattern redesignates about 30 acres east of Portage Creek for industrial to avoid future residential uses between the creek and Shaver Road, and redesignates 52 acres of industrially zoned east of the Conrail tracks along Osterhout Avenue for residential purposes. These actions have resulted in a slight reduction in the available land for industrial development in the corridor from 431 acres to 405 acres. The Transportation Element proposes improved access to the corridor by widening Shaver Road to four lanes PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL ) 4- 18 �from US 131 to Centre A venue and improved internal circulation south of Melody A venue (in the vicinity of the extended alignment of Vanderbilt Avenue) by the construction of a new collector south of South Westnedge Park between Shaver Road and Westnedge Avenue. G. RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE 1. Definition As shown on the Future Land Use Map, the Recreation and Open Space (REC) designation includes public parks, public nature preserves, and public and quasi-public (i.e., Consumers Power) greenways. There is no private property designated for "recreation and open space." Nevertheless, Federal and State environment regulations severely limit the development of private property that falls in flood hazard areas and in environmentally sensitive areas . Thus. the Sensitive Land Areas Inventory map (Figure 5-4) in Chapter 5 should be referenced . Under the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Portage, public "recreation and open space" is permitted in all zoning districts ; however, most areas are zoned one-family residential (R-IB in the case of most city parks and preserves and R-1 C in the case of the State game preserve. Consistent with the Michigan Resource Inventory Act, 1979, PA 204, the REC designation includes the following existing land use categories ): • • Parks: Includes all city-owned parks. State Conservation : Includes all land owned by the State of Michigan for conservation and recreation activities. Pri vate recreation land areas intended for private use such as golf courses and shooting ranges are excluded from the REC designation because of private ownership, and are tabulated as "quasi-public" land use. 2. Existing Recreation and Open Space Present public recreation and open space cover 2,268 acres in the City of Portage. This includes 722 acres owned by the City and 1,546 acres owned by the State, and amounts to 14.3 percent of the developed land area and 10.3 percent of the total land area. The City of Portage has 58 acres of neighborhood parks, 86 acres of community park, 262 acres of regional park and 276 acres of nature preserves. In the past year, the City of Portage purchased Mandigo Swamp adding 40 acres to the City' s nature preserves. The Gourdneck State Game Preserve area covers 1,546 in one primary tract south of Vanderbilt Avenue and two disconnected tracts between Centre Avenue and Vanderbilt Avenue. Because the Portage Public School District facilities are also used for public recreation purposes, the amount of land used for neighborhood park adequacy assessment is 97 acres . 3. Projected Recreation Demand With a forecasted increase in population of 6,776 persons over the next 20 years, an additional 75 acres of parkland is needed to maintain the 1995 ratio of public parkland per capita. Referring to the Recreation and Open Space Chapter, a need for 130 acres of additional neighborhood parkland and for 150 acres of additional community parkland is recommended per Table 6-1 . The primary need for neighborhood park land is in the northwest quadrant of the City and the additional community park land is associated with the expansion of existing community parks where possible. 4. Recreation and Open Space Designation The "Future Land Use Pattern" indicates the need for parkland in northwest quadrant of City, but identifies no site nor general area . The "Future Land Use Pattern" also establishes the desire to protect the Portage Creek flood plain from the Portage Creek Bi-Centennial Park northward to Kilgore Road . A possible future park falls in a portion of the Gourdneck State Game Area for public recreational space. PORTAGE C OMPREHE NS IVE PLA ' UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 4-19 �The "Future Land Use Pattern" also proposes a greenway network connecting existing natural amenities and parks within the City: • Through use of the Consumers Power property from 12th Street south of Milham A venue eastward to Crossroads Mall , along the Portage Creek Bi-Centennial Park and Pharmacia-Upjohn property to Portage Road, and from Conrail railroad tracks west of Sprinkle Road at Centre A venue to the east City limits north of Centre Avenue. 5. Recreation Opportunities and Conclusion The Gourd neck State Game Preserve area south of Centre A venue now serves the area for recreation and open space. There is an apparent need for additional neighborhood park land in the northwest quadrant of the City, and the City should be prepared to exploit reasonable opportunities as they arise . Likewise, opportunities for the expansion of existing neighborhood and community parks should be examined as they arise to provide additional park land to address local recreation demands. H. PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC 1. Definition The Future Land Use Map includes a Public designation for community facilities under public ownership other than public parks and public nature preserves. Because of private land ownership, there is no designation for quasipublic land uses such as churches, nonprofit organization, utilities and private recreation facilities , and such existing land uses are designated according to the predominant surrounding land use. Under the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Portage, Public use is permitted in all zoning districts ; however, most areas are zoned one-family residential (R-1 B in most cases). Consistent with the Michigan Resource Inventory Act, 1979, PA 204, the Public designation includes the following existing land use categories): • • • Schools: Includes land area occupied by schools and related offstreet parking. Cemeteries: Includes land area occupied by cemeteries. Government: Includes area occupied by City Hall, Police and Fire Stations, Library , etc. 2. Existing Public Land Excluding public parks and nature preserves and public rights-of-way, the City of Portage has 46 acres used for governmental services and the Portage Public School District has 377 acres actively used for schools. 3. Public Use (Community Facilities) Designation The "Future Land Use Map" designates a variety of public uses including cemeteries, fire stations, schools (elementary, middle and high), and public wellhead sites for drinking water. Existing facilities are shown by a circled abbreviation, and future facilities are shown by an abbreviation in a square. The only future facility identified is a new fire station in the vicinity of Westnedge and Bacon Avenues. General public facilities (such as the library, community centers, administrative offices and government service centers) are not given an individual designation ; however, the City Centre Area where these facilities are concentrated has been designated by the abbreviation "CCA." There is a recognized need for an indoor adult recreation facility , for expanded space for senior citizen activities and an auditorium/theater; these may be addressed in combination with one another and may be located in the City Centre Area. PORTAGE COMPREHENSI VE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 4-20 �4. City Centre Area The City Centre Area (CCA) covers the general area intersected by Westnedge Avenue, Centre Avenue and Shaver Road as shown in Figure 4-1 . As noted above, the CCA is where general public facilities of the City of Portage are located such as the library , community centers, administrative offices and government service centers. The "Future Land Use Pattern" reinforces the concept of a City Centre Area by : I. 2. 3. 4. 5. Designating the area west of City Hall along Shaver Road for offices. Permitting redevelopment of residential uses fronting on the south side of Centre A venue from Portage Creek to Shaver Road for offices while maintaining the commercial fronting on Shaver Road . Creating a secondary commercial node at the corner of Centre Avenue and Shaver Road with commercial on the south side of Centre Avenue from Shaver Road to Currier Drive and redevelopment of the Portage Steel property. Designating the north side of Centre Avenue for offices from Shaver Road to Currier Drive. Proposing medium density residential development on the east side of the City Centre Area. The City Centre Area is the logical location for new or expanded community facilities such as an indoor adult recreation facility, expanded space for senior citizen activities and an auditorium/theater. An update to the Portage City Centre plan to refine the definition of land activities and their relationships in the CCA and to bring about an integration of activities and urban design relationships to enhance the definition of the area is recommended . I. LAND USFJINFRASTRUCTURE INTERFACE The transportation and utility systems of the community are essential to the achievement of the Future Land Use Pattern envisioned for the community. Although major thoroughfare transportation improvements to support most development in the City of Portage have been programmed, the reconstruction and widening of Interstate 94 through Kalamazoo County remains the most significant transportation need supporting the economic development of the City of Portage that has not been funded . Associated with the unfunded status of the 1-94 widening is the reconstruction of the 1-94 interchanges with Westnedge Avenue and Oakland Drive and the widening of Westnedge A venue to six lanes from 1-94 to the present six-lane section at Milham Avenue. 1. Transportation The future adequacy of the transportation system to support development to the year 2015 and beyond is crucial to the achievement of a desirable future land use pattern with regard to location , type, intensity and timing . a. Portage Commerce Square and the Westnedge Commercial Corridor Because of the concentration of commercial development in Portage Commerce Square and the extended commercial corridor along Westnedge Avenue north to Kilgore Road and south to Portage Creek, most transportation improvements programmed to the year 2015 are associated with providing access to this area . Accordingly. the Transportation Element includes several major thoroughfare improvements: • Extending Romence Road Parkway from Lovers Lane to Portage Road . This roadway extension is important to the east-west continuity of the thoroughfare network and to the distribution of traffic to north-south arterials as alternatives to the use of Westnedge Avenue where funding for improvements to Westnedge Avenue north of Milham Avenue and the interchange with I-94 have not been found . The most direct connection of Romence Road Parkway to Bishop Avenue is desirable to facilitate eastwest traffic . Finalization of the alignment will be necessary in the future . PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLA N UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FI NA L) 4-21 �• • - COMPREHENSIVE PLAN - Public Works Maintenance Figure 4:1 City Centre Area Future Land Use 1" Library Senior Citizen Center Police/Courts Bldg .---;. -.....tJ Fire Station No. 1 - ---~ Possible Recreation Center Site - - ~ ~~~- j f ~·-~~:--, = 1500' - LOW-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL - SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED MEDIUM DENSITY I- MEDIUM-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL bLLL~LQ - HIGH-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL 1-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:j - OFFICE ™ LOCAL BUSINESS - COMPARISON BUSINESS ~ - v 72<2?1 - GENERAL BUSINESS INDUSTRIAL rQo ou o O uo O u1_ - PUBLIC: O O O ~ ~ - CITY CENTRE AREA (City H<il. Poll~/Court. Ubrvy. Senior Center. Oeportmont of Pubnc '5erAc:11s. and flre Doportments.J EXISTING: I ®- -' <t z G:: / • • • • • • Boundary of City Centre Area 51 (.!)~ 0 ;'ti~ - =--~~ ) g,~ ~] ~ ~ ar:; t/J ::, ! - 0 j~ :s 0, Major Vacant Sites NW •, , ~ NE -~ .,., ,>~~~ Mf ,, ... ,.... . SW - @] -0 Well Sites - - - - - I - ~ RECREATION/OPEN SPACE Existing Porks ~ - Future Porks - 100- YEAR FLOODPLAIN I- COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS C -_---. __, - COMMERCIAL REVITALIZATION AREAS •j -I C -_-, ------, t,,... __ .,,,,,1 SE MAI' 1 l, ~~ j 8 ,-:. -viu. . __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ i • ~ !II/ . - Fire Stations [ :::::: ;::'. :.:: ·j - :lE ~ ®®- ~ 0 :i - Cemeteries @ - Elementary Schools - § @ - Middle Schools - ~ @ - High Schools - B \ ,:::. FU'TURE: @) - - - - - I00-YEAR FLOODPLAIN INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSI nvE AREAS; HOWEVER, Tl-iE SENSITIVELAND AREAS INVENTORY SHOULD BE RF.FFRFNCFD FOR AREAS OUTSIDE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _11-1 ,_ E _;,; 10;,;; 0_- Y ~E,;,;; AR~ fL~OO ~ D;,:;, P~ LA:IN:.,;8 ; 0;;;, UN ;,;,;D;;,; A;,;. RY;,;. . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ - PRIMARY COMMERCIAL NODES - SECONDARY COMMERCIAL NODES - MAJOR ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS •NOTE: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ . 4-22 �• Kilgore Avenue from Oakland Drive to Westnedge Avenue (addition of third lane for left-turns) and from Lovers Lane to west of Portage Road (widening to four lanes with left-turn lanes at major intersections). This improvement improves east-west access to Westnedge Avenue and other northsouth roadways leading to Portage Commerce Square. • Lovers Lane from Milham Avenue to Kilgore Road (widening to four lanes with left-turn lanes at major intersections). This widening will provide an alternative route to Westnedge Avenue through Portage Commerce Square. • Milham Avenue from 12th Street to Oakland Drive and from Lovers Lane to Portage Road (widening to four lanes with left-turn lanes at major intersections and addition of left-turn lanes between Oakland Drive and Lovers Lane). This improvement facilitates traffic movement on the north side of Portage Commerce Square, addresses increasing traffic from Texas Township to the west and supports the continued development of Milham Avenue from Oakland Drive to Portage Road as an office corridor. • Oakland Drive from Milham Avenue to Centre Avenue (widening to four lanes with left-turn lanes at major intersections). This improvement provides an alternative north-south route to Westnedge A venue to the west of Portage Commerce Square. • Centre Avenue from Westnedge Avenue to Portage Road (widening to four lanes with left-turn lanes at major intersections). This improvement provides improved access to the southern end of the Westnedge Commercial Corridor and facilitates the continued development of Centre Avenue as an office corridor. Because the Future Land Use Pattern adds only 50 acres for retail development over existing zoning and 65 of the 257 acres involve redevelopment of existing residential and greenhouse properties or vacant land owned by Pharmacia-Upjohn, the available land for development proposed in the Comprehensive Plan remains consistent with the retail employment and land use assumptions of the KA TS 2015 Long Range Transportation Plan. Nevertheless, the improvement of Westnedge Avenue from Andy Avenue through 1-94 to Milham Avenue and reconstruction of the Westnedge A venue/I-94 Interchange remain needed projects which remain unfunded. b. Sprinkle Road and Shaver Road Industrial Corridors Several thoroughfare improvements are identified in the Transportation Element to improve external and internal access to the Shaver Road Industrial Corridor: • Shaver Road from Centre Avenue to Melody Avenue (widening to four lanes with left-turn lanes at major intersections). • Widening Shaver Road to five lanes from Melody A venue to US 131 for improved industrial access. • Construction of a new collector on the approximate alignment of Vanderbilt Avenue from Shaver Road to Westnedge Avenue on the south side of South Westnedge Park improving east-west continuity of the thoroughfare network between Melody Avenue and Osterhout Avenue and providing access for improved internal circulation with the Shaver Road Industrial Corridor to stimulate economic development similar to public infrastructure investments planned in the Portage Industrial Drive area. Although specific thoroughfare improvements are not targeted on the Sprinkle Road Commercial Corridor, the extension of Romence Road Parkway from Lovers Lane to Bishop A venue at Portage Road will improve east-west access to the center of the corridor, and the widening (widening to four lanes with left-turn lanes at major intersections) of Sprinkle Road from Centre Avenue to City limits will clearly improve access to the south end of the Sprinkle Road corridor from Vicksburg. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 4-23 �c. Commercial Revitalization Because of the limited number of green field sites for retail commercial development, the encouragement of revitalization and reinvestment in the existing commercial area is important to address future retail land needs. Thus, public infrastructure investments are a logical means to encourage private reinvestment in the four targeted commercial revitalization areas as follows : • • Improving vehicular and pedestrian facilities , including separation by curbing, landscaped areas, storm drainage and sidewalks, where appropriate, in the four revitalization areas -⇒ South Westnedge Avenue between Romence Parkway and Centre Avenue. ⇒ Portage Road between Milham A venue and 1-94. ⇒ Portage Road between Centre Avenue and Ames Drive. ⇒ Sprinkle Road between Zylman A venue and Long Lake Drive. Adding a center left-tum lane to Portage Road between Centre Avenue and Emily Drive. d. Office Corridors In addition to improving access to commercial and industrial corridors, several thoroughfare improvements enhance the development of office space: ' ' T T • Reconstructing the US 13 I interchange with Centre Avenue. This roadway improvement is important to market Centre A venue as a regional office and research park corridor. If the pace of office development on Centre Avenue continues between US 131 and Oakland Drive, reconstruction of the interchange will become crucial and the pace of office development will exceed that assumed in the KA TS Long-Range Transportation Plan. • Centre Avenue from Westnedge Avenue to Portage Road (widening to four lanes with left-turn lanes at major intersections). This improvement facilitates the continued development of Centre Avenue as an office corridor. • Milham Avenue from 12th Street to Oakland Drive and from Lovers Lane to Portage Road (widening to four lanes with left-turn lanes at major intersections and addition of left-turn Janes between Oakland Drive and Lovers Lane). This improvement supports the continued development of Milham Avenue from Oakland Drive to Portage Road as an office corridor. • Lovers Lane from Milham Avenue to Kilgore Road (widening to four lanes with left-turn lanes at major intersections). This widening will support development of Lovers Lane as a secondary office corridor to the Milham A venue Office Corridor. 2. Utilities Through the Capital Improvement Program, the City of Portage continues to program sanitary sewer, water facility and drainage improvements to support the overall development of the community and specific economic development initiatives. J. LAND USE/ENVIRONMENT INTERFACE To the extent possible, the Future Land Use Pattern protects environmentally sensitive areas from inappropriate development. The Sensitive Land Areas map (Figure 5-4) of Chapter 5 should be consulted when the development of specific properties are being considered. When the conversion of residential properties to office use on Centre Avenue begins east of Westnedge Avenue, particular attention should be given to the concentration of historic properties along the north side of Centre A venue. T PORTAGE C OMPREHENSI VE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER T PLAN REPORT ( FINAL) 4-24 �,V ~ ' A. CHAPTERS: NATURAL/CULTURAL RESOURCES t INTRODUCTION The natural resources and cultural resources (particularly historic properties) of Portage contribute to the unique character and quality of life of the community. The Natural/Cultural Resources Element of this Comprehensive Plan provides essential information to help preserve natural, historic, and cultural resources for the maximum benefit and enjoyment of all. Development review guidelines addressing natural , historic, and cultural resources are found in Chapter 3. B. NATURAL RESOURCES 1. Soils The majority of soils within Portage pose minor constraints on development. In general, loam, sandy loam and loamy sand soils are most common. Loamy soils are found primarily in the northern one-half of the City, sandy loam most commonly in the southeast quadrant, and loamy sand soils predominately in the City's southwest quadrant. These soils are, for the most part, well-drained. Physical limitations to development, when it occurs, exist because of excessive slopes. On the other hand , organic soils offer the greatest physical constraint to development within the City of Portage. These soils are poorly drained and occur in depressional areas along creeks and around lakes. Accordingly, these soils coincide with the wetland and floodplain areas of the City. Severe limitations are attached to development on organic soils due to problems of drainage, low bearing capacity, and frost action commonly exhibited. Figure 5-1 shows poorly drained sand and loam, and organic soils that are a concern in project design and public development approval. ' T 2. Water Resources and Floodplains a. Lakes Seven lakes are located in Portage. Lakes account for 1,732 acres or 7.9 percent of Portage's geographic area. These include Austin, West and Hampton, as well as portions of Long, Gourdneck, Sugarloaf and Little Sugarloaf. The lakes have historically been and continue to be a valuable natural feature in the City. Thus, the protection of water quality is essential from the adverse impacts of stormwater runoff from urban development and wastewater leaching from on-site septic systems and sanitary sewer leaks. Best management priorities have been instituted to protect streams and bodies of water from stormwater soil erosion (Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control Act), and all structures within the City have been required to connect to the municipal sanitary sewer where available since 1988. T T T PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 5-1 �~ - . .......,,;;, / Nnltllmt /' r,/ COMPREHENSIVE PLAN "Yji~/\\ "\.<.J l >,<, i \ 1 y'i\ ''\..\ /,.,,\.' ~ \\ // 1/ i' _J~.J' '\j\ ,.. '" i.:: Figure 5:1 Soils 1"=3500' POORLY DRAINED SAND - POORLY DRAINED LOAM -ORGANIC - - Source: Comprehensive Plan: Natural Resources; City of Portage; August, 1991 . 5-2 �7 7 7 7 7 7 7 1 Floodplains b. In addition to the water quality concerns associated with urban development adjacent to streams and lakes, there are also safety and property damage concerns associated with the flooding of streams and lakes. Figure 5-2 identifies the flood-prone areas of the City associated with the 100-year floodplain where only agricultural, recreational, and utility uses are permitted. The fldod-prone areas are identified by the Portage Creek Flood Hazard Analysis 1 and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Flood Hazard Boundary Maps. 3. Land Resources In addition to substantial water resources, Portage contains significant areas of land that have remained relatively undisturbed . (See Figure 5-3). Collectively, these areas are not only significant in size but also demonstrate a wide variety of natural habitats. Several kinds of grassland, forest, and wetland communities can be identified in these areas. Such environmental diversification results in a wide array of wildlife that inhabit the City of Portage including a number of rare plants and animals. In addition, significant populations of game animals, such as deer and pheasant, can be found, These areas serve a multitude of needs for the community simultaneously. They can provide educational, recreational, aesthetic, and wildlife preservation benefits with minimal development or maintenance costs. Natural areas are primarily located in the southwestern quadrant of the City, although several are located in the north-central and southeastern sections. The southwest quadrant can be classified into three primary locations demonstrating significant natural resources. These include the Hampton Lake area, the Sugarloaf area, and Bishop's Bog Preserve. The Hampton and Sugarloaf lands are primarily under State ownership and are used as game areas. Bishop's Bog Preserve is a wetland area under public and multiple private ownership. In the southeast quadrant, Mandigo Marsh and the West Lake Nature Preserve also demonstrate significant and unique natural resources. Both of these areas are under public ownership. 4. Sensitive Land Areas The City of Portage completed a sensitive land areas inventory in November of 1995 to improve its capability in considering natural resources protection during development review and long-term planning and zoning processes. Figure 5-4 identifies lands within the City where there are unique or otherwise important resources, or where human activities could adversely impact resources on adjacent lands. 1 Few Michigan cities contain the quality and diversity of wetlands found in the City of Portage. One hundred sixtyone individual wetland complexes were identified within the City which include forested wetlands, marshes, bogs, fens, and wet· meadows representing all of the important types found in Southern Michigan. In addition to threatened plant and animal species in some of the wetland complexes, the wetlands are also important to local groundwater recharge and as wildlife habitat. The sensitive land areas include: l l 1. All wetlands larger than five acres or connected with a lake, pond, or stream are protected under the state's Goemaere-Anderson Wetland Protection Act. This state law prohibits filling, dredging, or draining of the wetlands without a permit; however, it does not prohibit other types of alternatives such as tree and brush removal. l l 1 Flood Hazard Analysis, Portage Creek, Kalamazoo County, Michigan U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 5-3 �- COMPREHENSIVE PLAN - .. Figure 5: 2 iI Flood Plains 1"=3500' FLOOD PLAINS - - - - J I • U;2ii • ~~~ Jf~ Source: Comprehensive Plan: Natural Resources; City of Portage; August, 1991. L..--------------------~---.;._---------------..1--------------5--4__________ �• COMPREHENSIVE PLAN • • Natural Areas - 1"=3500' - NATURAL AREAS - • • I ■ Source: Comprehensive Plan: Natural Resources; City of Portage; August, 1991 . �- - - .. COMPREHENSIVE PLAN t ~ \!I. SENSITIVE LAND AREAS INVENTORY I,.. g ... - - - - - Figure 5:4 1''=3500' Each Land Area Code Consists of Two Components: Land Classification Component and a Sensitivity Rating Component. LAND CLASSIFICATION: - - ---- D [!j EJ 400' STREAM CORRIDOR FLOOD PLAIN BOUNDARY WETLAND (SEE HIERARCHIAL CLASSIFICATIONS BELOW) SENSITIVITY RATING: 1 - HIGH SENSITIVITY VALUE: HIGH SENSITIVITY WETLANDS ~ 2 - MODERATE SENSITIVITY VALUE: MODERATE SENSITIVITY WETLANDS fi1 3 - LOW SENSITIVITY VALUE: LOW SENSITIVITY WETLANDS ~ - - - 5-6 �I I 2. All lands within 200 feet of a stream. Portage Creek and other streams within the City are protected from dredging and filling without a permit by the state's Inland Lakes and Streams Act. This law, along with the Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control Act, also restricts most construction activities within 500 feet of the stream' s ordinary high water mark. Surface water runoff from some types of developments is also controlled under the federal Clean Water Act as amended in 1987. 3. The JOO-year floodplain as delineated on the FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps. Although primarily aimed at discouraging potential loss of property due to floods , the FEMA-mapped floodplain also represents a topographically-defined area where activities could add sediment or other pollutants to Portage Creek or other water bodies in the City. Sensitive areas were ranked on a numerical scale of 1 to 3 as follows : 7 7 7 Areas containing or considered extremely important to protecting resources of City-wide importance. Loss or degradation of such an area would represent a significant reduction in the City's natural resources. 2. Lands with resources of local importance or serving as buffer areas protecting locally important resources. Loss or degradation of such an area would result in a significant reduction in a neighborhood ' s landscape diversity, and the cumulative loss of such areas could seriously reduce the City ' s natural resources base. 3. Areas containing natural resources of a type recognized by environmental planners and managers as generally important, or serving as buffer zones protecting important resources . Loss or degradation of such areas would not necessarily negatively impact the City's natural resources base, but certain construction/development activities in these areas could harm important resources. C. CULTURAL RESOURCES 1. Archaeological Sites The Potowatomi Indians are known to have inhabited Portage prior to the first settlers. They were related to the Ottawas and Chippewas farther north , and all three cultures are thought to be descended from the Algonquin tribe which inhabited large areas of New York and Canada. Portage was one of the favored areas of the Potowatomis because one of their larger villages, known as Indian Fields, was located in the vicinity of the Kalamazoo/Battlecreek International Airport. The village had the navigational advantage of falling on the basin divide of the Kalamazoo River and St. Joseph (of Lake Michigan) River. Because of the sensitivity of archaeological sites, only the general areas are shown in Figure 5-5 . An archaeologist should be consulted when construction occurs in any undisturbed areas, and should be contacted if artifacts are found during construction in previously distributed areas. 2. 7 7 7 7 7 I. Historical Sites Figure 5-5 shows 55 historic district homes/sites in the City of Portage. The homes not only serve as monuments to the past, but enrich the aesthetic quality of the City today . They offer unique contributions to the architectural quality and diversity of the community. The non-renewable nature of these cultural resources, however, reflects the need to ensure their preservation. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 5-7 �COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Historical and Archaeological Sites 1''=3500' LOCATION OF HISTORIC DISTICT HOMESLSITES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 - 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 VNiOER81LT 24 __) 25 ,..,______ ,, ~ I ' I! t! lj ~:;I ~3 ;!g 3 sl !ii ,{! ta~ 26 27 28 r ( ~, /';p 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 618 Schuring (c. 1910) 702 Schuring ( c. 1900) 904 Schuring (c. 1910) 1124 Schuring (1900 & 1920) 7334 Westnedge (c. 1913) 7119 Ooklond (c. 1850) 7706 lnnisbrook (1870) 8021 Oak (c. 1926) Centre Ave. at Shover Rd (1930) Portoge Groin Elevator 1612 Centre (c. 1900) 8643 Westnedge (1920) 2106 Forest (c. 1900) 8529 Sprinkle (1892) 8007 Cox's Dr. District IJ6 School (1927) 9844 Sprinkle (c. 1850) 9426 Westnedge (1870) 2112 Vanderbilt (1878) 10219 Ooklond District 118 School (1856) 922 Osterhout (1853) 703 Osterhout ( 1920) 10630 Portage (c. 1900) 704 Bacon (1870) 506 Bacon District 1/7 School (c. 1860) 10327 Westnedge Portage South Cemetery (1858) 10209 Portage (1870) 2663 Mandigo (1865) 10234 East Shore (c. 1918) barns (c. 1880) ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES - \0 t3 ~~~ ( , 4415 Mflhom (1895) 5830 Portoge (1850) 2027 E. MIiham Indian Fields Cemetery (1832) 1617 Milham (1850) 1324 MIiham (1846) 5720 Oaklond (1873) 5134 Oakland (c. 1890) 5719 Angling (1852) 5029 Angllng (c. 1890) 5260 Angling (1868) 3910 Milham (1873) 3821 MIiham (1859) 6638 Angling (1870) 3321 Milham (1850) 6235 Oakland District #2 School (1864) 1705 Milham Dry Prairie Cemetery (1835) 4416 Milham (c. 1905) 1521 Centre (c. 1915) 903 Centre (1915) 515 Centre (1853) 309 Centre (1883) 214 Brown (c. 1900) 505 Centre ( 1927) 125 Centre Masonic Temple (1930) 7737 Westnedge Portage Centrol Cemetery (1894) 408 Schuring (c. 1915) 524 Schuring (c. 1920~ 530 Schuring (c. 1920 '\ (I \ - SENSITIVE ZONE - POTENTIAL SITES Source: Comprehensive Resources; of_ Portage; August, .__ ___ _ _ _ _ _Plan: _ _Natural ___ _ _ _ City __ ___ _ _ 1991 _ _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _..__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _...,,.1!!1'5-~8 -• _ _ _ _ __ . �r "', ti ' A. CHAPTER 6: RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE OVERVIEW The recreation and open space plan consists of two major components that are further stratified by size and purpose for the parks and open space: 1. The local service component including mini-parks, neighborhood parks and playgrounds, community parks, and open spaces (such as locally maintained preserves and greenways); and 2. The regional service component, including regional parks maintained by the City of Portage and regional reserves. The recreation and open space plan is illustrated in Figure 6-1 and the classification of parks and open spaces appears in Table 6-1. B. EXISTING LOCAL PARKS AND OPEN SPACES The City of Portage and the Portage Public Schools cooperatively meet the local outdoor recreational needs and demands of the community through parks and the dual use of school properties. The following presents an overview of facility utilization by classification of recreational area. 1. Neighborhood Parks/Playgrounds Neighborhood parks provide playground facilities for young children and court sports (e.g., basketball, tennis, vo11ey ba11) facilities . Elementary school sites constitute a portion of the neighborhood parks and playgrounds in the City. Eight elementary school sites are used extensively for community recreation at large: Amberly, Angling Road, Central Elementary, Haverhill, Lake Center, Moorsbridge, Waylee and Woodland. Creative playgrounds have been developed at Amberly, Angling Road, Central, Moorsbridge and Haverhill schools. These eight sites of two to three acres each are also used intensively for youth soccer, softba11, baseba11 and footbal1 practices. The Portage Community Education Center also serves as a neighborhood playground. The five middle school and high school facilities are also utilized as neighborhood parks, playgrounds and indoor recreation sites: Central Middle (6 acres), North Middle (6 acres), West Middle (8 acres), Northern High, and Central High. Neighborhood parks under the City jurisdiction include Haverhill (4 acres), Lexington Green (23 acres), Oakland Drive (19 acres), and Westfield (12 acres) Parks. Only Lexington Green is used for a scheduled activity/craft center during the summer. A11 parks record heavy use from the neighborhood and adjacent community, and have asketba11, tennis, playgrounds and picnic facilities . In addition, Oakland Drive Park and Westfield Park have softba11 and soccer fields. The newest neighborhood park, Oakland Drive Park, also features a natural ice rink and sledding hill . PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE Pl.AN UPDATE: MASTER Pl.AN REPORT (FINAL) 6-1 �~ - -- / 8'J1U Cl(I). COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Figure 6: 1 Recreation and Open Space Plan 1''=3500' RECREATION II - PUBLIC PARKS • PUBLIC SCHOOLS WITH PARK COMPONENT PUBLIC RECREATION AREAS EXISTING PROPOSED NEIGHBORHOOD PARK COMMUNITY PARK - REGIONAL PARK - OPEN SPACE LOCAL - - LLLLLL:i::u_ LLLLLLLLLL J LLLLLLLLL~· LLL--LLLLLL ·. LLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLL LLLLLL._L L ' I l GREENWAY I·- --~--~--' 100 YEAR FLOODPLAIN/FLOOD HAZARD AREA I ,:=.J. __:. Ii L,l,K( �2. Community Parks The community parks provide for the recreational needs of the larger community and include field sports (e.g., baseball, softball, football, soccer) facilities in addition to the facilities commonly found at neighborhood parks. South Westnedge Park ' (30 acres) is the most heavily used community park because of six regulation softball diamonds. Portage Central Park (12 acres) is a popular site for passive recreation and cultural activities. Overlooking Portage Creek, Central Park includes a picnic shelter/restroom building, a multi-purpose play structure and a community bandshell. The park is regularly used for informal and scheduled picnics and is the home of the popular Community Bandshell Summer Entertainment Series. The park has no courts or field areas for sports. Similar to other City parks, Lakeview Park (24 acres) has been much improved within the last five years with the addition of a basketball court, multi-purpose play structure and floating platforms and boardwalks that provide shore fishing opportunities on Austin Lake and the inter-lake channel. Other facility improvements include restroom and picnic shelter renovations, and upgrades to the softball diamond and tennis courts. Lakeview Park will continue to receive increased use due to facility improvements and new shore fishing opportunities. r Schrier Park (20 acres park and 36 acres open space) has primarily been maintained in its natural state to emphasize the wooded trails and old orchard open space prevalent in this park. Recent improvements have included pavilion/restroom renovation, new parking areas, and improved trails. A multi-purpose play structure and large open space are also available for public enjoyment. Schrier Park is the site of the Apple Fest and Haunted Forest special events during the month of October. Schrier Park is used primarily for informal picnics, hiking, nature study and cross-country skiing. The enclosed pavilion is also used extensively. The park has no courts or field areas for sports. 3. Open Space Areas In addition to the northern portion of Schrier Park (36 acres), three established open space/natural areas are under City jurisdiction: West Lake Nature Preserve, the Bishop's Bog Preserve, and Mandigo Swamp. West Lake Nature Preserve has received $150,000 of Recreation Bond and Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund (MNRTF) funding to spur the development of an entry road, parking, playground, picnic shelter/restroom building, upland and wetland trails totaling one and one-half miles and related amenities. Future plans include additional trail development, an interpretive center and low impact boat landing area along the West Lake shoreline. Although West Lake Nature Preserve has become a popular site for passive recreation and nature study, with proper planning overuse does not appear to be a problem. Bishop's Bog Preserve is a 150-acre site north and northwest of Schrier Park. 130 acres were donated by the Jansma, Dekkinga and Bos families . Bishop's Bog, the largest "relict" bog in southern Michigan, has been registered with the Nature Conservancy. It is uncommon for this type of bog which harbors a number of rare plants to be found in southern Michigan. Perimeter trails will allow for passive nature study without disturbing this truly unique environment, and have been scheduled for development by late 1996. Mandigo Marsh is a historically well-known wetland area on the southwest corner of Austin Lake. A large portion of Mandigo Marsh was purchased within the past year by the City of Portage to ensure its permanent protection. Comprising about 40 acres, the marsh is home to a wide variety of marshland birds and other types of waterfowl, and harbors an unusual assembly of plants that are peculiar to this area. Mandigo Marsh has been classified by the Nature Conservancy as an example of a coastal plain marsh community historically common to the Atlantic coast. The community and many of its characteristic plant and animal species are themselves far removed -- often thousands of miles -- from their main range along the Atlantic coast, as a fluke of early plant migration and changes in geologic and weather conditions. Many of these species are listed by the State of Michigan and are protected under the Michigan Endangered Species Act. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 6-3 �r - C. EXISTING REGIONAL PARKS AND PRESERVES 1. Regional Parks Portage Creek Bicentennial Park (PCBP) is a highlight of the Portage Park System. This 195-acre park is a two and one-half mile linear park running along Portage Creek. The park protects the sensitive environment of the Portage Creek basin and offers residents many opportunities to enjoy the creek - from overlook decks to canoeing. The park has no courts or areas for sports, but rather emphasizes special facilities for the region. Featured attractions include over two miles of hiking and biking trails, one-quarter mile of wetland deck trail, two waterfront overlooks, the Milham A venue activity area with playground and picnic areas, and the Celery Flats Interpretive Center and Historical Area. The Celery Flats Interpretive Center highlights the celery heritage of Portage and Kalamazoo County as the Celery Capital of the world between 1890 and 1930. The Livery near Celery Flats offers canoe and bicycle surrey rentals. The Celery Flats Historical Area includes four relocated and restored structures of historic significance to the community: the 1856 schoolhouse providing educational programs for school children, the Hayloft Theatre providing cultural opportunities through plays and programs in the summer, the Grain Elevator available for group use and serving as an ice skating and a warming house for Celery Flats, and the Stuart Manor (built in 1846) used for group meetings. The Celery Flats outdoor Amphitheater opened in 1995 and hosts additional cultural arts events. Located on Long Lake, Ramona Park consisting of 67 acres, is the most heavily used park in the City system due to swimming, beach and fishing facilities plus numerous courts (volleyball, basketball, and tennis), field sport areas (softball , football , and soccer) and picnic areas. In addition to the two regional parks (Portage Creek Bicentennial Park and Ramona Park) maintained by the City of Portage, there are five regional parks outside the City of Portage maintained by others -- Prairie View Park on Gourdneck Lake to the south of Portage, Coldbrook Park in Charleston Township, Scotts Mill Park on the east edge of Pavilion Township, the Kalamazoo County Center Building and Recreation Park between Lake Street and King Highway Drive, and River Oaks Park on the east edge of Comstock Township. The lake areas are of prime recreational importance in the City of Portage because they provide opportunities for water-related activities not generally found in an urbanized setting. There are seven lakes fully or partially within the City of Portage. Hampton Lake is difficult to access for water-related activities. Public access sites (boating launches) owned by the State of Michigan are found on Austin Lake, Long Lake and Sugarloaf Lake. Gourdneck Lake is accessible through a small channel from Hogset Lake which has public access at Prairie View Park. The West Lake Nature Preserve provides public access to the west end of West Lake, but does not provide water access for water-related activities, even though the boating occurs on the lake from private properties. 3. State Game Preserves The Gourdneck State Game area (of nearly 1,555 acres in Portage) is located in southwest Portage from Centre Avenue into Schoolcraft Township to the south. The game area consists of three separate tracts in Portage. The primary tract south of Vanderbilt Avenue is separated from two smaller tracts on Centre Avenue by private property on the north side of Vanderbilt A venue and around Hampton Lake. The two smaller tracts along Center A venue are likewise separated by private property between Centre A venue and Hampton Lake. PORTAGE C OMPREHENSI VE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FINAL) 6-4 �- r r D. FUTURE RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE NEEDS I. Park Land Needs Tirrough application of established recreation standards (Tables 6-1 and 6-2) and an examination of facility utilization and populatioR forecasts future recreational needs were determined for land and facilities as shown in Table 6-3 and 6-4. At the local service level, there is a need for up to 130 acres of additional neighborhood park land and there may be a need for at least 150 acres of community park land after the year 2000. Facility standards also suggest the need for 200 acres of additional regional park land and the development of a community recreation center/auditorium. Needs in these areas will increase with time, as will land costs and pressures for development. To ensure adequate provision of future recreational areas in the most cost-effective manner, an acquisition program for additional recreation acreage is a part of this planning and programming effort. Due to the large average residential lot size, there is no apparent need for mini-parks or tot lots. With respect to neighborhood park/playground areas, development trends suggest continued expansion of residential uses primarily in the northwest and southeast quadrants of the City. As such, additional acreage for such facilities should be oriented to these areas. The area expected to have the greatest need is the area north of Centre Avenue between US13 l and S. Westnedge Avenue. Priority should, therefore, be oriented to the establishment of a neighborhood playground/park in this area. With the exception of the City' s northwest quadrant, any additional community park acreage should be acquired adjacent to existing community park facilities. Continued centralization of these areas is seen as providing an opportunity for the provision of greater diversity of programs while at the same time providing for more effective and efficient park maintenance. If the State of Michigan should declare any portion of the Gourdneck State Game Preserve surplus, the game preserve should be retained as a regional park to the south of Vanderbilt Avenue. 2. Open Space Needs Although no specific standards exist for the evaluation of open space areas, the preservation of natural areas is of prime importance in any urbanizing region. Many existing open space areas in the City are experiencing pressures of urbanization. Maintenance of these areas in their natural state offers significant benefits to the community at large. If planned wisely, these areas may serve a variety of functions from recreational to flood control. If neglected, pressures of increased urbanization could result in their degradation and destruction. Neglect of these open spaces and natural areas may also result in exceptional monetary costs to the public for the provision and maintenance of necessary facilities to support their development. Protection of these areas should, therefore, be of utmost concern in future development and budget considerations. Portage Creek Bicentennial Park does much in terms of preservation for the environmentally sensitive creek basin areas of the City. The Park has been designed primarily along the floodplain areas of Portage Creek. The Park extends south from Milham Avenue to approximately the Shaver Road/South Westnedge intersection. Portage Creek is a natural drainageway for major portions of the City. Portage Creek Bicentennial Park preserves a portion of this drainageway and serves to prevent severe environmental degradation. As the development of the City progresses, ever increasing amounts of runoff will be carried by the Creek. By preserving lands along the creek, a filter of vegetation and space for control facilities can be maintained. Preservation for public benefit of the basin area southwest (to Hampton Lake) and north (to City limits at Kilgore Road) should be considered. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 6-5 �r f Table 6-1 PARK AREA AND OPEN SPACE STANDARDS Comeonent f r r r r Use Service Area Desirable Size Acres 1,000 Poeulation Desirable Site Characteristics LOCAL CLOSE-TOHOME SPACE l. Mini-Park Specialized facilities that serve a concentrated or limited population or specific group such as tots or senior citizens. Less than 1/4 mile radius I acre or less 0.25 to 0.5A 2. Neighborhood Park/Playground Neighborhood multi-purpose areas serving the needs for intense recreational activities such as field games, court games, playground apparatus areas, skating, wading pools, etc., as well as passive recreational pursuits like picnicking, walking, sitting, viewing, etc. l /4 - 1/2 mile radius to serve a population up to 5,000 (a neighborhood) 4 - 15 + acres 2to4A 3. Community park Area of diverse environmental quality. May include areas suited for intense recreational facilities, such as athletic complexes. large swimming pools . May be an area of natural quality for outdoor recreation, such as walking, viewing, sitting, picnicking. May be any combination of the above, depending upon site suitability and community need. Several neighborhoods. I - 2 mile radius 25+ acres 5.0 to 8.0A May include natural features , such as water bodies and areas suited for intense development. Easily accessible to neighborhood served. 4. Open Space/ Parkways/ Environmental Areas Open space and environmentally sensitive areas within the local community serving as preservation zones for certain animal and plant species and/or as buffers between various land types. No applicable standard Sufficient to service desired uses variable Environmentally sensitive areas such as floodplains , watersheds, etc., serving as preservation zones for certain plant and animal species. Open space areas serve as buffers between various land use types. r Within civic areas or neighborhoods which are in close proximity to apartment complexes, townhouse development. or housing for the elderly. Suited for intense development. Easily accessible to neighborhood population, geographically centered with safe walking and bike access. May be developed as a school/park facility . REGIONAL SPACE 5. Regional/ Metropolitan Park Area of natural or ornamental quality for outdoor recreation such as picnicking, boating, fishing, swimming, camping & trail uses - may include play areas . Several communities. hour driving time 200+ acres 5.0to JO.QA 6. Regional Park Reserve Area of natural quality for natureoriented outdoor recreation such as viewing and studying nature, wildlife habitat, conservation, swimming, picnicking, hiking, fishing, boating, camping & trail uses . May include active play areas . Generally 80 percent of the land is reserved for conservation and natural resource management, with less than 20 percent used for recreation development. Several communities . hour driving time 1,000+ acres variable Contiguous to or encompassing natural resources . Diverse or unique natural resources such as lakes, streams, marshes, flora, fauna, and topography. Source: "Recreation and Open Space Plan," City of Portage, Michigan; February, 1994. T f. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 6-6 �r r r rf f f - r f f Table 6-2 FACILITY STANDARDS CITY OF PORT AGE Requirement Facility 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Softball Diamonds Baseball Diamonds Football Fields Soccer Fields Tennis Courts Outdoor Pools Recreation Center Auditorium Local Park Land Archery Ranges (a) Outdoor Basketball Courts (b) Bicycle Trail Golf Course (a) Outdoor Ice Rink Picnic Areas Playgrounds (b) Rifle Range (a) Shotgun Range (a) Boat Launches Fishing Access Cross-Country Ski Trails Hiking Trails Nature Trails Nature Areas Swimming Beaches (a) Includes private clubs. 1 Diamond/5,000 persons 1 Diamond/20,000 persons 1 Field/10,000 persons 1 Field/7 ,000 persons 1 Court/2,000 persons 1 Pool/40,000 persons 1 Center/40,000 persons 1 Facility/40,000 persons 10 Acres/1,000 persons 1 Range/50,000 persons 1 Court/5,000 persons 1 Mile/40,000 persons 1 Course/25,000 persons 1 Rink/20,000 persons 1 Table/200 persons 1 Facility/3,000 persons 1 Range/50,000 persons 1 Range/50,000 persons 1 Parking Space/400 persons 1,000 Feet/1,000 persons 1 Mile/10,000 persons 1 Mile/5,000 persons 1 Mile/20,000 persons 1 Facility/50,000 persons 1 Facility/50,000 persons (b) Does not include school facilities . Source: "Recreation and Open Space Plan," City of Portage, Michigan; February, 1994. r r. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (frNAL) r 6-7 �Table 6-3 TOT AL PARK REQUIREMENTS 1995-2020 CITY OF PORTAGE r City of Portage T r f r r r r f f = 41,042 = 42,493 = 44,052 = 45,782 = 47,511 = 49,269 = 51,027 1990 Population 1995 Projected Population 2000 Projected Population 2005 Projected Population 2010 Projected Population 2015 Projected Population 2020 Projected Population Tvoe Neighborhood Park/ Playground (with schools) Community Park Open Space (with State Game Area) Regional Park (with County Parks) Existing 1995 2000 2010 2015 2020 1994 Required Acreaee 85-170 Required Acreaee 90-175 Required Acreage 95-190 Required Acreaee 100-200 Required AcreaJ!e 100-205 210-340 220-350 240-380 245-395 260-410 Acreage 58 Total Additional Acreage Required Recommended Additional Acreage Needed 1990-2020 2015 0-150 130 170-320 150 0-200 200 (97) 86 276 (1956) 262 Required acreage varies according to needs. No applicable standards. 210-425 220-440 240-475 245-495 260-510 (1500) Source: The Corradino Group "Recreation and Open Space Plan," City of Portage, Michigan; February, 1994. f T T PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPOATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FINAL) 6-8 �T T:Jble 6-4 TOT AL FACILITY REQUIREMENTS Total Total Existing Facilities 1995 Required 2000 Required Required Baseball 0 2 2 2 Softball 12 8 9 JO Football Fields 2 4 4 5 Soccer Fields 7 6 6 7 Tennis Courts 13 21 22 24 Outdoor Pools 0 I I I Recreation Center 0 I I I Auditorium 0 I I I 443 acres 425 440 475 Archery Ranges I I I I Basketball (Outdoor) 12 8 9 JO Bicycle Trails 4 miles I I I Bikeways 26 miles T Facility T. T T Local Park Land* 2 2 2 2 Ice Rinks 3 2 2 2 Picnic Tables 175 212 220 230 Playgrounds 12 14 15 16 Shotgun Ranges I I I I 66 105 ] JO 119 29,000 ft. 42,500 44,000 47,500 Hiking Trails 7 miles 8 9 JO X-Country Ski Trails 5 miles 4 4 5 Nature Trails 4 miles 2 2 2 1 1 I 1 Fishing Access Swimming Beaches T T T T Total 2020 Golf Courses Boat Launch Parking l 1995-2020 Note: Existing facilities do not include school facilities or independent youth sports facilities . *Includes neighborhood, community and regional parks, excludes preserves (286 acres). Source: City of Portage PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FINAL) 6-9 �1 1 1 1 -, l ., -, -, -, -, l l With the purchase of the West Lake Nature Preserve, the City has public access to West Lake. The West Lake Improvement Association has also been active with respect to the West Lake area. The West Lake Nature Preserve, Bishop's Bog Preserve and Schrier Park properties create a large green space corridor through the south-central portion of the community. Bishop' s Bog Preserve is a large natural area. In addition to environmental protection of this sensitive resource, this property can also serve for low impact hiking trails that can connect to adjoining park facilities. The City of Portage's recent acquisition of Mandigo Swamp on the southwest corner of Austin Lake ensures preservation of a well-known historic wetland of high sensitivity. 3. Most water bodies within Portage are suffering the effects of over-development. Not only has extensive development infringed upon the quality of many lakes, but also limited the number of public access points. At present, state-owned facilities provide boat access to Austin Lake, Long Lake, and Sugarloaf Lake . Gourdneck Lake is accessible from Prairie View Park on Hogset Lake. Hampton Lake has no developed public access, and a developed public access is believed unwarranted due to the small size of the lake. In addition to City preservation and restoration activities, three lake areas in particular are the prime importance with respect to the provision of future recreational opportunities. Bordering on Austin Lake, Lakeview Park holds substantial potential for development of additional public access facilities. A seawall/boardwalk and permanent fishing platform have been constructed to enhance the view of the lake and provide additional opportunities for passive recreation. The West Lake Nature Preserve provides similar recreational opportunities to the City. Being the only remaining undeveloped area bordering West Lake and an environmentally sensitive area, several concerns have been met with the acquisition of this property. Appropriate preservation and development projects associated with this property have been initiated. The increased popularity of fishing, boating and swimming activities being experienced throughout the region is indicative of the need for additional areas for water-related activities. In addition, the preservation of City-wide water resources is of the utmost concern. Therefore, projects designed to both increase public utility and relieve the lake areas from existing or further developmental pressures are of high priority. Through acquisition of lakefront and/or floodplain properties, the City may more adequately guard against new development. Reserving these areas for passive recreational activities or designating them as conservation areas will aid in improving the environmental quality of the City and the region. 4. l l Lake Area Needs Recreational Facility Needs For current and projected populations to the year 2000, Portage has sufficient facilities to meet the State of Michigan opportunity standards for: nature areas, outdoor ice rinks, ball diamonds/fields, basketball courts, swimming beaches, archery and gun ranges, and golf courses. By State standards, Portage is deficient in local park acreage, hiking/ski trails, playgrounds, picnic tables, fishing access, boat launch parking, outdoor swimming pools and tennis courts. The need for more intensive development of existing recreational areas also appears to be of immediate urgency. Facility utilization information and established facility standards clearly indicate a need for recreational facility development. With the increased demand for school gymnasium space, a prime deficiency is that of a Recreation Center facility . Thus, the provision of adult indoor team sports programs are severely limited due to lack of public gymnasium space. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE Pl.AN UPDATE: MASTER Pl.AN REPORT (FINAL) 6-10 �1 l Continued population growth accounts for the population outstripping City recreation facilities . These deficiencies may be addressed in two ways : 1 1 -, 1 -, 7 -, l Purchase of new acreage and continued development of the local park acreage should address the hiking/ ski 'trails, playgrounds and picnic table deficiencies. b. Access to the school systems pools, tennis courts and playgrounds and County park beaches and trails are deemed sufficient to meet local deficiencies for the foreseeable future. State recreation standards for sledding hills, horseback riding trails, linear footage of fishing access, campgrounds and recreational vehicle trails/areas are held to be inappropriate for the City of Portage because of the lack of appropriate terrain and/or dense urban development. These recreation opportunities are more appropriately addressed at the County level. E. FUTURE RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Neighborhood and Community Parks a. Neighborhood Parks Based on projected population to the year 2015, there is a need for up to I 30 acres of additional park acreage ignoring the 39 acres of playgrounds at Portage Public Schools (at four acres per 1,000 persons). If school playgrounds continue to be available to the general public, the need for additional park acreage drops to about 90 acres. With most of the residential growth anticipated to occur in the northwest and southeast quadrants of the City, additional acreage for neighborhood parks should be focused on these areas. Because neighborhood parks serve recreation needs within one-half mile of the park, the spacing of neighborhood parks is more important than the expansion of existing neighborhood parks to ensure adequate coverage. Moreover, existing neighborhood parks are landlocked such that expansion would be difficult. Although general sites for neighborhood parks have not been identified, existing land owned by the City of Portage may first be evaluated for adequacy as neighborhood park sites before acquiring private property. If the primary tract of the Gourdneck State Game area south of Vanderbilt A venue is declared surplus, there would be neighborhood park facilities in any park developed there. b. Community Parks There is a projected need for up to 150 acres of additional community parkland. With the exception of the City's northwest quadrant, any additional community park acreage should be acquired adjacent to existing community park facilities for economies of scale in the maintenance of park space and in the delivery of programs. l General sites have not been identified for new community parks; however, vacant land abuts all three community parks. Although community parks usually serve a neighborhood park function, only Lakeview Park has the playground and court facilities to serve that function . Schier Park has a playground, but lacks the play courts found at neighborhood parks and the play fields found at community parks. South Westnedge Park has neither playground nor play courts characteristic of neighborhood parks. Finally, Portage Central Park at only 12 acres is undersized for a community park, lacks the play fields of a community park, and lacks the play courts of a neighborhood park. l l If the primary tract of the Gourdneck State Game Preserve area south of Vanderbilt A venue is declared surplus, there l would be community park facilities in any park developed there. 2. l a. I Open Space There are no specific standards for open space; however, the preservation of natural areas is important to an urbanizing area. Further, there are significant environmentally sensitive areas in Portage associated with wetlands. l PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 6-11 �l l l 7 7 7 1 7 l 7 7 a. The Comprehensive Plan recommends that all wetlands and flood hazard areas be preserved in the Gourdneck State Game Area in the event any portion of the game area is declared surplus, and that the primary tract of the game preserve south of Vanderl:µlt Avenue become a regional park if the State declares the property surplus. The Comprehensive Plan further recommends the expansion of the Portage Creek Bicentennial Park northbound from Milham A venue to Kilgore Road to protect Portage Creek and its associated wetlands. b. l Green ways The Comprehensive Plan recommends the creation of greenways to preserve open space, to protect environmentally sensitive areas associated with wetlands and the flood hazard areas along creeks, and to link the park and nature preserve areas of the community. Because greenways may involve utility easements and natural drainage ways across private property and public access across private property is not appropriate, greenways have not been identified on private property . Because of the quasi-public nature of the Consumers Power property from 12th Street south of Milham Avenue eastward through the City to the east City limits north of Centre Avenue, this is the only designated greenway. The Consumers Power Greenway corridor runs from 12th Street south of Milham A venue eastward to Crossroads Mall. There is a gap in the Consumers Power property through Crossroads Mall to west of the Conrail tracks where the Consumers Power property begins on the west side of the Portage Creek Bicentennial Park, crosses the park, Conrail tracks and Portage Creek, and follows the east side of the Portage Creek Bicentennial Park from Portage Creek to Garden Lane. The gap east of Crossroads Mall may be filled by using the easement of the high tension power lines from Westnedge Avenue to the Consumers Power property west of the Bicentennial Park. The gre~nway would continue along the Consumers Power property from the Portage Creek Bicentennial Park at Lovers Lane along the south Pharmacia-Upjohn property line to Portage Road just north of Centre Avenue. A gap in the Consumers Power property exists between Portage Road and the Conrail tracks west of Sprinkle Road that must be filled on the north side of Centre Avenue. Then, the Consumers Power property runs from the Conrail tracks to the east City limits. Further study is recommended to develop the greenway concepts and determine appropriate public access, if any, along the corridors. 3. 7 New Open Space Regional Parks There is a projected need for 200 acres of additional regional park land. If the primary tract of the Gourdneck State Game Area south of Vanderbilt Avenue is declared surplus, consideration should be given to designating a new regional park for passive and active recreation purposes, including facilities found in neighborhood and community parks. l l l l l , PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 6-12 �T T T T T T: T T T 1 T T T l T CHAPTER 7: ECONOMY/MARKETPLACE A. INTRODUCTION The economic development m1tiat1ves of the community are crucial to the preservation and expansion of employment opportunities within the community and to the achievement of the use of the physical resources as envisioned in the Comprehensive Plan. The paramount market place goal of the Comprehensive Plan is "sensible and sustainable, high quality, economic growth and development of a kind consistent with a diversified economy and with environmental protection and at a pace supportable by the community' s existing and reasonably anticipated future infrastructure. Associated goals and objectives of the Comprehensive Plan speak to: • Concentrating office, commercial and industrial development in designated areas to enable marketing, business expansion, the provision of infrastructure, and compatibility with surrounding uses . • Strengthening Portage Commerce Square. • Concentrating general commercial development in the Westnedge Avenue and Portage Road corridors. • Encouraging the development of the West Centre Avenue corridor for corporate and regional offices, high-tech facilities and research-driven activities. • Focusing industrial development in the Sprinkle and Shaver Road corridors. • Creating specialized business parks. • Identifying industrial opportunities associated with the Kalamazoo/Battle Creek International Airport. • Coordinating infrastructure improvements in location and time to sustain economic expansion in designated areas and corridors. • Ensuring public programs, incentives, regulations and taxation policies are consistent with development and environmental goals. • Pursuing regional cooperation for an attractive business climate and efficient delivery of business support services. • Recruiting businesses that are environmentally sensitive and that expand economic diversity. Accordingly, the Land Use Element with its Future Land Use Pattern and other elements of the Comprehensive Plan have been developed to achieve these goals and objectives. Thus, the Economy/Market Place Element describes the interface between these element and economic development initiatives to achieve the future vision for the community as set forth in the goals and objectives of the Comprehensive Plan Update . PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE Pi.AN UPDATE: MASTER Pi.AN REPORT ( FINAL) 7-1 �T T T T T T T l T B. FOUNDATION A knowledge of the structure and vitality of a community's economy is fundamental to land use planning. The makeup and general health of an urban economy are key considerations in gauging the rate and amount of land development which is likely to occur in almost every facet of the community. An expanding economy creates new employment opportunities which attract people and results in an increased population. Collectively, a growing economy and population also place additional demands on the community in areas such as housing, schools, stores, community facilities and services. The following economic trends to the year 2015 establish the foundation for the economy and future land use patterns of the City of Portage (see Table 7-1 below): • A continuation of the modest employment growth (19.6 percent) over the next 20 years generating 6,441 new jobs. • A dominant Services Sector accounting for 31 .8 percent of the jobs, followed by the Retail Sector at 27 .8 percent and the Manufacturing Sector at 14.0 percent. • Maintenance of the proportional share of Kalamazoo County job growth at 23 percent. • The number of jobs in the City of Portage exceeds the City of Portage labor force by about 25 percent. • Yet, approximately one-third of the workers who live in the City of Portage will work in the City of Portage. • Thus, about 70 percent of the jobs in the City of Portage are filled by people who commute into the City. Table 7-1 ECONOMIC DIVERSITY T 1 1 T T T 2015 1990 Emolovment Sector Agricultural Services Construction Manufacturing Transportation, Communication & Utilities Wholesale Retail Finance, Insurance & Real Estate Service Local Government Farm, State & Federal Total Emolovment PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER Number 56 1,753 4,746 511 2,289 7,937 1,375 8,657 1,217 2,138 30,679 PLAN REPORT (FINAL) Percent 0.2 5.7 15.5 1.7 7.5 25 .9 4.5 28 .2 4.0 7.0 100 Number 76 2,356 5,126 687 3,077 10,188 1,849 11 ,640 1,636 2,744 39,379 Percent 0.2 6.0 13 .0 1.7 7.8 25 .9 4.7 29.6 4.2 7.0 100 7-2 �r T r T T T T T T C. WEAL TH AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT The purpose of economic development is the creation of wealth for an Economic Community (EC). Wealth is created when a positive "balance of trade" exists with all other Economic Communities. Products and services offered by the EC must be sold to other Economic Communities to produce currency. The wealth of a community is continuously being diminished through expenditures to purchase goods and services from other ECs, through nonproductive savings, through taxes sent to state and federal governments in excess of the value of investment in the community by those higher governments, and in many other ways. New currency must flow into the EC to replace that which is lost and to increase the wealth to provide for growth and enhanced quality of life. 1. Primary Jobs The important jobs in an EC are those which produce goods and services for export. Some of these are obvious such as most manufacturing jobs. Other are more subtle such as financial and legal services which might be "purchased" by those from outside the EC. And still others are contingent such as many retail and wholesale jobs which offer goods to purchasers both from within and from without the EC. These are the jobs that provide the wealth that gives the EC its financial viability. These are the jobs that must be retained, increased and attracted if the community is to grow and flourish . Other jobs provide goods and services to those within the EC and should be considered as essential services, such as most local government and private utility jobs, or as quality of life enhancing, such as restaurants, theaters, and so forth . As important as these jobs are to the community and its residents they simply redistribute the wealth that already exists in the community and each time it is redistributed some of it is lost. Unless some primary jobs bring more wealth into a community the number of theater tickets sold will not increase meaningfully regardless of the addition of new theaters. Government investment and support of jobs of this sort should be viewed as community development rather than economic development. 2. The Economic Community An economic community consists of those persons and businesses which look to a core community as the primary source of their needed goods and services. As one is farther removed from the core community it becomes more likely that one will turn to another, nearer, EC for such support. These purchasers then belong to the adjacent Economic Community. The importance of this concept is the recognition of the interdependence of the various cities, towns, and counties which make up an Economic Community. The Economic Community of which Portage is an important part extends nearly halfway to Lansing, halfway to Battle Creek, and halfway to the nearest competitor in each direction. Within the Portage/Kalamazoo Economic Community competition for employment is only important in so far as such employment provides tax revenues to the community where the jobs are located and places demands for services upon those communities. D. BUSINESS CLIMATE AND SUPPORT 1. Portage's Competitive Position T 1 l The primary advantage that Portage and the Portage/Kalamazoo Economic Community have as an employment site for primary jobs is location and access to transportation facilities. A well educated work force and the availability of good public utility services also will be viewed by potential employers as important pluses. a. Chicago and Detroit The central location between two of the nation's top ten metro areas in terms of exports, Chicago and Detroit provides opportunities for the establishment of suppliers to the exporters and manufacturers of these communities. Detroit is not only the home of the largest concentration of automotive manufacturers in the world, it is also the PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 7-3 �T T T T T T largest, and fastest growing, exporter of goods to foreign countries among the nation ' s metro areas. Its market potential and its appetite for suppliers is enormous and growing. In this era of minimal inventories and just-in-time deliveries Portage offers a location from which a company can reasonably expect to be COlflpetitive as a supplier to such time sensitive manufacturers. Additionally, its location offers access to numerous major markets and almost two-thirds of the nation's markets are within a one day's drive of the EC. b. Interstate 94 Portage' s location astride 1-94 is vital to its attractiveness to such employers. 1-94, between Detroit and Chicago, is arguably the nation's most important interstate corridor in terms of imports, exports, and the supply of intermediate manufactured materials to major industries. If this corridor is successful in its efforts to be designated as a NAFf A "Superhighway" it will ensure the prominent role of the communities along the corridor into the next century. In addition to 1-94 the Portage/Kalamazoo Economic Community has excellent access to the nearby north-south 1-69 and to I-96 which serves a more northern part of lower Michigan. c. T T T l T T T T us 131 Running through the west side of the City of Portage, the US 131 freeway is a major inter-urban route in the State of Michigan linking Portage as part of the Portage/Kalamazoo Economic Community to the Grand Rapids metropolitan area to the north and to southern Michigan and northern Indiana where Interstate 80/90 runs between Chicago and Toledo. 2. Economic Development Programs A wide variety of programs aimed at encouraging and supporting new and growing businesses are available to Portage employers. These include: • State Research Fund to aid businesses working with a college or university in developing a technology product. • State Venture Capital Fund to supplement private venture capital sources in supporting businesses with potential for high growth and profitability. • State Seed Capital program providing early-stage, high risk equity capital to Michigan entrepreneurs for startup activities and planning. • State Capital Access Program aiding businesses in accessing private financing with small amounts of public resources. • Business and Industrial Development Corporations to fill the gap between venture capital and equity financing. • SBA 504 Program offering long tern fixed rate financing for capital assets. • Michigan Strategic Fund offering tax-exempt and taxable bonds to promote economic activity. • Property Tax Abatements on new or rehabilitated industrial development projects. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPOA TE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 7-4 �T T T T T T l T T T T T 1 1 T T T T l • Business and Industry Development efforts of the Department of Community Development to work with companies on a case by case basis. • Tax Increment Financing for specified areas where public improvements are need as part of anticipated growth in private ,sector investment. • The Chamber of Commerce, Business Development Bureau, is a partnership of community leaders assisting new or expanding business and industry. This array of services and programs is exceptional in its breadth and organization and is a major asset in the development of new jobs. The City of Portage can help in the consideration of: • Bond financing alternatives through the Portage Economic Development Corporation; • State grant funding opportunities for public street improvements to support industrial development through the State of Michigan Transportation Economic Development Fund; • Industrial tax abatements for eligible manufacturing firms through the Michigan State Tax Commission; • Public water and sewer improvements which can be annually programmed m the City of Portage Capital Improvement Program; and • Development services including site plan review, building plan consultation, construction permitting and related assistance to facilitate timely project completion. 3. Financial Resources and Incentives In addition to the several programs listed above, the presence of a nearby regional banking center provides the access to capital that provides a climate for the establishment and nourishment of emerging new businesses and entrepreneurial ventures. More than a dozen banks ranging in size from First of America to First Savings Bank provide a full range of services and have the assets to work with all but the largest of employers. Very large employers typically bring their banking connections and financing arrangements with them from outside the community. Small and startup businesses provide more than half of all new primary jobs in most communities in the past five years. Most of these are suppliers to large purchasers of goods and services which have found it beneficial to "outsource" many functions of their earlier corporate panoply of services. The trend to "downsizing" has led to the creation of many successful startup companies. 4. Public Taxes and Regulations While many consulting firms rate Michigan as having a somewhat less friendly business environment that some southern and western states it is still true that the tax structure is not a significant deterrent to those companies which need access to the metro areas at either end of the 1-94 corridor. The tax rates must be balanced against a fine educational system, good public sector services, a relatively safe place in which to live and work, and continuing growth. On balance the impact of taxes and regulations is not a deterrent to job locations. The Single Business Tax (SBT), a value added tax with set limitations to encourage business development provides a generally acceptable level of taxation for most businesses. The absence of a Unitary Tax and an Inventory Tax is a plus when compared with many states and locales. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 7-5 �T T T T T T 1 T T T The 6 percent sales tax is not a disadvantage in today's business climate and the personal income tax flat rate is seen by many as cutting edge. Generally, this tax is only important in the case of companies bringing large numbers of high paid employees with them from outside since the tax is already part of life for those in the community seeking to be hired. , Portage property tax rates are not an important factor for the types of businesses which would make good prospects for Portage and the Economic Community. Nevertheless, the City of Portage is a desirable place for business relative to local taxes . The City of Portage maintains a low millage rate compared to other communities throughout the state and to adjacent communities in Southwest Michigan. A low tax rate is advantageous to existing and prospective businesses. The annual December 1995 survey of Michigan communities by the City of Portage shows that Portage has a very favorable millage rate. The Portage City Council approved an operating budget of $34.2 million and a capital improvement budget of $6.5 million. The 7 .0 mill general fund levy continues as one of the lowest millage rates in the history of the City and the total 11 .0 mill levy is a reduction compared to the 1994-95 budget levy. This fiscally prudent budget continues a broad range of essential municipal services which, together, help create "A Place for Opportunities to Grow." In the City of Portage, property values represent this balance in 1995. A solid foundation has emerged between residential, commercial and industrial property in the community. The residential property component represents approximately one-half of the property in the community at 53 percent. The approximately one-half of all property remaining consists of commercial property ($230 million, representing 20%) and industrial property ($299 million representing 27%). The residential property component represents a large resident-consumer population and the commercial industrial components represent a significant employee-consumer population--both are important to the success of the business community. 5. Utilities The City of Portage maintains a low millage rate compared to other communities in Southwest Michigan and across the State. While a low tax rate is advantageous to business, low utility rates -- what businesses pay for City provided water and sewer services -- are also beneficial. The City of Portage has decreased utility rates 16 percent since 199 I -- very competitive rates for utilities when compared with rates of other communities in Michigan. 6. Business Maintenance, Attraction, and Retention Kalamazoo County has a very aggressive approach to monitoring the satisfaction of its existing businesses and a generally supportive environment for economic developers attempting to attract new jobs. There is a strong sense of community involvement by major business leaders that encourages new site locations. E. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES 1. Physical Sites and Facilities Portage has a major advantage for those businesses which would consider the Portage/Kalamazoo Economic Community as a site for business location or relocation. The two major jurisdictions with a full range of public services and good access to business services are Portage and Kalamazoo. Apart from the redevelopment of a number of "brown field" industrial sites, Kalamazoo has many fewer site options than does Portage. 1 T T T 2. Office Development Opportunities There are two major office corridors in the City of Portage -- Milham A venue and Centre A venue. a. Milham A venue Office Corridor The Milham Avenue Office Corridor runs from Oakland Drive to Portage Road, and the office along Lovers Lane from Ramona A venue is functionally related to the Milham A venue uses (see Figure 7-1 ). The combined Milham A venue/Lovers Lane office corridor includes 35 vacant acres zoned for office and another 80 acres proposed for office. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 7-6 �T T T T T l l T l T T 1 T T T T T T The location of these sites appear in Figure 7-1: I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 25 acres zoned for office on the north side of Milham Avenue east of the Kalamazoo Valley Intermediate School District. IO acres zoned 'for office in scattered sites along Milham Avenue such as the southeast corner of Milham Avenue and Newport Road. IO acres on the north side of Milham Avenue between the Conrail tracks and Portage Creek. 40 acres on the south side of Milham Avenue between Lovers Lane and Portage Road. 20 acres on the west side of Lovers Lane from south of Milham A venue to Ramona A venue. IO acres along the north side of Milham Avenue from Oakland Drive to Westnedge Avenue through the conversion of single-family residences and vacant lots. b. Centre Avenue Office Corridor The "Future Land Use Pattern" extends the current Centre Avenue Office Corridor between 12th Street on the west and Westnedge Avenue eastward to Portage Road (see Figure 7-2). Because of the larger sites available along the Centre A venue office corridor than the Milham Avenue corridor, this corridor offer greater opportunities for research/office parks and for corporate offices. The Centre Avenue corridor includes 125 vacant acres zoned for office and an additional 65 acres proposed for office. The location of these sites appear in Figure 7-2: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 30 acres on the southwest corner of Centre A venue and Shirley Court. 80 acres on the southwest corner of Centre Avenue and Oakland Drive. 15 acres zoned for office in scattered sites of Jess than IO acres. 40 acres on the east side of Oakland Drive south of Centre Avenue across from vacant land zoned for offices. Redevelopment of 5 acres fronting the south side of Centre Avenue between Portage Creek and to the west of Shaver Road. The conversion of single-family residences and vacant Jots facing Centre Avenue between Kingston Drive and Portage Road (about 20 acres). The "Future Land Use Pattern" also identifies additional office development opportunities outside the two major office corridors. These opportunities include: 1. 2. 3. 4. 30 acres zoned for office on the south side of Bishop A venue west of Capri Street. 2 acres zoned for office on the north side of Mall Drive. Proposed offices on Kilgore Road east (about 5 acres) and west (15 acres) of Westnedge Avenue. IO acres redesignated on the northwest corner of Lovers Lane and 1-94 for office rather than industrial use. In conclusion, the "Future Land Use Pattern" would provide about 365 acres in new sites for office uses. This provides a choice in sites over the demand for office space of 243 acres over the next twenty years. However, with contraints on the development of 40 acres owned by the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company and 50 acres involving the conversion of single-family structures along arterials, the readily available office sites are in the range of about 275 acres resulting in limited choice of sites over demand as the inventory of available office zoned sites dwindles. 3. Portage Commerce Square and Westnedge Avenue Commercial Corridor Portage has developed as a major regional retail center and as such it provides many jobs which are a major contributor to the quality of life in the larger Economic Community . Although these jobs are, for the most part, not wealth producers for Portage and the EC they provide an attractive environment for the establishment of new residential development and the accompanying back office jobs which are typically good primary jobs. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 7-7 �- COMPREHENSIVE PLAN (1) > :::::._-~ <( o~o o 00 o o0 o o0 o ,._ 0 "'O C co co o .:£. Future Land Use o 'o 0 o 0 ___ _ _ ...., ,- ./ •oO - ~- :g§ .. .... - Figure 7: 1 Milham Avenue Office Corridor •~ ~ - ~ - 0 O 0 =m:rua.r: - o 0 o LLLLl-il • LLLL .-~ LLlL '~-S.:::: ,' 'ooo 0 ~~ 0 '~ ........,.,_ ~~~~~~~~I -----------.,l , ~--' _,._ I..J 0 1...- I (_:__ - - 0 0 - . k~ l_L. .. ,_ - .- L ' ;....,'.~...},_.., tl f( · - __, rr -.w:w.a:7 · SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED MEDIUM DENSITY MEDIUM-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL HIGH-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL f:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:j - OFFICE ~ LOCAL BUSINESS - COMPARISON BUSINESS ·· j • - GENERAL BUSINESS V>2Z,1//l - INDUSTRIAL ~ 0 O O O O O_ - @ -- +-' :;::; 0 •••••• ~ a Corridor Boundary z ~ :::·;::;::: C I _J <( (f) ~ 5 §; g2~ 0 _J ME 5W 5E - V) Cl t,_...,....,..., ,,,,,JJ i;i~j ,t I I / o-~ -~-· _.,• ~ _ ;,.. : 0v __ - VJ LL MAP 1-t --------------------------------------------------~T:H;.E •NOTE: - RECREATION /OPEN SPACE Exlsllng Parks C: ::J -::i Cll"'----, ::, 'lOz - IT] § Well Sltes .,I_ _ ____.I - 0'~ C <( MW - @] 0- Future Porks 100- YEAR FLOODPLAIN -::~ ~] ~ 5 o-c; Fire Stations ,:: j - ®- ,._ z o@I.!> - a ::- .; 3: ~ Cemeteries ®- AY si FUTIJRE: @ - Elementary Schools @ - Middle Schools @ - High Schools Refer to text for description of Numbers ~ CITY CENTRE A REA (Clty Hall, Pollc../Court. Library, Senior Center. Department of PubOc 5er,,lces, and Flro Deportments.) ©0- C 0 0V) PUBLIC: EXISTING: (f) \ - - ™ - , C 0 :;::; :::, - :, LOW-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL rou o u o u 1 - 0 - f~t:-~'-;--:-:--8 bLLf-f-LQ .·······. ..... 1"=1500' 100- YEAR FLOODPLAIN INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS; HOWEVER. THE SENSITIVELANO ARE>\S INVENTORY SHOULD BE REFERENCED FOR AREAS OUT'31DE ~10~0:; -~rl:.~A::!,R_!F~Lo~o::;D:PL~A:IN~B~O~U~ND~A:R~Y-- - -- ---11 COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS COMMERCIAL REVITALIZATION AREAS PRIMARY COMMERCIAL NODES - SECONDARY COMMERCIAL NODES - MAJOR ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS •™ - E.A.S f - WEST CORRIDOR STUDY ARE A, FOR - - - - - - - - - . J - - - - - - -~R~O~M~EN!C~E~ R~o:A~D~P~A~R:K~W~A~Y~ E~XT~E~N~S~IO!N~ 7-8 �(1) > <( (1) Ol -0 (1) C _, COMPREHENSIVE PLAN (j) (1) s Figure 7:2 Centre Avenue Office Corridor ~ Future Land Use - -0 II C l co - b~L~LLQ I:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-: :j - ~I 0 ~ U) ~ ::::, O •' - > ' ·- L ~ .\ OFFICE - LOCAL BU SIN ESS " • • - " - ---L ·'ir'-•--- --~===-~~ I -----L------~ r::~_:::.: i - I r - -- _-L------~L..-L- <( .. ,:-:-:,:::::::: O OO I _ -- ·. ~ ..... #6 .-=· === ·.·.=·. ~*==:1~ , . =mine GENERAL BUSINESS --i f FUTURE: Cemeteries Flre Stations @ - Elementory Schools @ - ~iddle Schools @ - High Schools @ - Well Sites - / L"-=---\ CITY CENTRE AREA (City Hall. Pallce/Court. L1>fury. Soni..- c..nt«. Dopa1m0<1t of Pubftc s«,,ioos. and Fire Doportments.) ©®- .---."1'~~x . ,_:: Centre Ave . \ - PUBLIC: EXISTING: ~---~---- ?_~ o_~~~~~~mir -~~l : ~ ~ w a '~ffl~~-~-1!■.~ · · · · · · - .r. - ~--- - -1 ~ ~-:: --+-'----'", , :-:-!-:' 1-I _.__L • • • • • • .,.L.. 8, ~~~~~,..~~~~.-;. #6 =-=:::::::,jj•""'I!!: ~ &~b? o?o j - __ ._ --- . ..._:..,. _ :....1--...--1., ... -:~,~~ : : : : . : : . : ~ : : r- - ~~•• • •• •••••••• •• •• .. - V,1/1/<(?l - INDUSTRIAL 7 f" • •• •• . L..Ll-'-•----1r:··•--··---1.. l .. 1- i.. - - .. 1 r~~_ . . ..__ -- r :~ :-:-:, ~-'!"'!'!' ~ 7, ...." 1 i: ·.-.• . (1) ~ ,- ::l: ~ z< .~ :;::_:: j - o@,., ~ ::l: ;t - a ~~~ ••••••• ..._ LL I 0 c,,...J NW c< ( Corridor Boundary Refer to text for description of Numbers ~] ~ so~ ::::, SW ,100 z ,r--j ,; .- ~ SE t,, , 111 , II/ ii~~ ~ ~: - _, - V) -=• J . __ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ ~ ~ [£] - Future Por\\s 100- YEAR FLOODPLAIN COMMERCIAL REVITALIZATION AREAS PRIMARY COMMERCIAL NODES - SECONDARY COMMERCIAL NODES .J~--------------------..J ---- - •NOTE: ~ I - COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS ._--, --.J C --, C!I"----, NE ~ RECREATION/OPEN SPACE (!:J - Existing Por\\s 5 - HIGH-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL COMPARISON BUSINESS J:: ,- MEDIUM-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL ™ - if)~ N LOW-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED MEDIUM DENSITY ...: 0 ,- 1"= 1500' MAJOR ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS 100 YEAR FLOODPLAIN INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS; HOWEVER. 11-iE SENSiflVELAND AREAS INVENTORY SHOULD BE REFERENCED FOR AREAS OUTSIDE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ll-i ~ E _:; 10;::;o~-::;YE~AR ~ FL;;O~OD:P;;:LA~IN!.:BO~U:ND~A:R:;;, Y. _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ 7.9 �a. Boundary Definition Portage Commerce Square is focus of regional retail activities in southwest Michigan, and has been defined by the Portage City Council as the area bounded on the west by Constitution Boulevard, on the north by Milham Avenue, on the east by Lovers L~ne and on the south by Romence Road Parkway (see Figure 7-3). The Westnedge Avenue Commercial Corridor includes the retail with Portage Commerce Square, and extends beyond the limits of Portage Commerce Square to Kilgore Road on the north and to Portage Creek on the south. b. Existing Characteristics Portage Commerce Square is located in the north central portion of the community and encompasses approximately 1. 7 square miles and 1,086 acres of land area. South W estnedge A venue, which intersects with 1-94 to the north of Portage Commerce Square and which carries in excess of 50,000 vehicles per day, bisects the area. The accompany map has been prepared to highlight the general land use characteristics of Portage Commerce Square. Table 7-2 provides basic land use data. The data reflects information about the land area within the boundary roads . (The data also reflects information about the use of land area to an approximate depth of I 00 feet on the outside of the boundary roads where access is provided by the boundary roads . This area is considered as part of Portage Commerce Square.) The land area in the "Square" is largely utilized : 896 acres (83%) is occupied while 190 acres ( 17 %) is vacant. r r r r r • The "Square" is the location of a regional mall and numerous retail complexes, strip developments and freestanding retail and office service uses . • Portage Commerce Square accommodates approximately 300 businesses in more than 2,527,000 square feet of building space. • The "Square" is the location of approximately 1,746 dwelling units, 3 I percent (541 units) are singlefamily dwellings and 69 percent (1,205 units) are apartment units . • Several manufacturing and light industrial activities are situated primarily along the east perimeter of the "Square", along Lovers Lane. • Of importance, significant park and open space land area exists in the "Square". Bicentennial Park is adjacent to Portage Creek along the eastern perimeter of the area. In addition to land use data, population, housing and jobs information also helps to highlight the characteristics of Portage Commerce Square. • Using the 1990 Census people per household statistic (2.64 people per household), it is estimated that 4,609 people reside in the "Square". This population is situated in primarily two types of housing: single-family dwellings and apartment dwellings . • With regard to jobs and job opportunities, the primary business and office service character of the "Square" provides a significant employment base. • Using the W.E. Upjohn Institute estimate that the retail business sector provides 1.6 jobs per 1,000 square feet of building area, job opportunities can be estimated: approximately 4,043 jobs are provided in the "Square." There are nearly the same number of job opportunities as residents which is indicative of the mixed residential and business character of Portage Commerce Square. r I r PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 7-10 �· Kilgore Rd . Westnedge Corridor Boundary - COMPREHENSIVE PLAN . . Portage Commerce Square Figu re 7 ·3 Westnedge Corridor C C 0 ·.;::; ::J _J Future Land Use 1" = 1500' ."'.::: ...... CJ) C 0 0 . I I - LOW-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL ~~ . ... ... .. #4 ~ SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED MEDIUM DENSITY l.i...L-""t..LLL ... ~, bL!-f-LLQ - MEDIUM-DENSITY RESIDEN TIAL 1-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-: j - OFFICE j, ■ rtt - ''I I . I HIGH-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL ™ - - LOCAL BUSINESS COMPARISON BUSINESS - GENERAL BUSINESS P>22<2?1 - INDUSTRIAL Mall &~o~;~ oj rcc"70 ~ #9 #12 □ omence Rd . Pkwy. Romence Rd . @- Cemeteries ®- Fire Stations - [I] - [TI Well Srtes (!) 3:: 0 s: z c ~ ;:: :- -;::'. .=' ·1 - Westnedge Corridor ,- ~ ®- ~~ ~ m~ ', ::. ~ - ~~ ~ NE - ~· ~ Schurin ;;~~ ~~~ ~ ~~j J!_* ~ ~ E o / - ;; =.)5 .;:- SW ME O :[:~~~ SE O O .:::::::: 0 0 . c..L-:- MAP l•E \ j~--- ___ ._ _ , -t~ •-1.-L,.. ~t-•:r 1-----------------------------=~:;,_:-_,:·.:-_ ....... - ~ .,. _ L ,_-.~:•):,:;:::,: _::._ :,:-::.:;'7W:,:~~~~;;;,;~ '11 I -_-, C Jl,. _ __ _ _ ,.., _, - i~ ii"_""'..,,,""'-=, - ~'. \ -. . •NOrl: ;:r< ?llr 0;.:,:,[;,,;, ~,;,; -~;,;. " ~ l- ~- I- C: =i - ~ - - - - - RECREA Tl ON / OPEN SP ACE Existing Parks - ---1 0 ,L:::i:: O r!,- LLc 01r· Portage Commerce Square Refer to text for description of Numbers TR,l(• )r,:~ ;;-~~ cc ~o ~ • • •• •• f!: -~--=,;,0!! o@t.? 0 FU 1\JRE: ([§} - Elementary Schools - § @ - Middle Schools @ - High Schools @- 5 ~ CITY CENTRE AREA (Cty Hell, Pollce/Ccurt. Ubr<ry, Senior Center, Oepcrtmenl or Publlc 5ervloes, and Flre Deportment:...) EXISTING: - V) PUBUC: - 1£]- Future Parks 100- YEAR FLOODPLAIN COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS COMMERCIAL REVITALIZATION AREAS PRIMARY COMMERCIAL NODES SECONDARY COMMERCIAL NODES MAJOR ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENS~TI VE AREAS; HOWEVER, 11-iE SENSITIVELAND AREAS INVENTOR Y SHOULD BE REFERENCED FOR AREAS OUTSIDE TH .;.;,E ; .;,; IO ; O,;;, -Y ,;,:;E;AR ~ FL~O;;; OD;, P,:;,; LA; IN~ BO ;;,;;U,;,;, ND ;;,;,A., R,;,;, Y·- - - - - - -- - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -_ , . --::-:-:-- 7. IJ �r r r r r r r r r r r I I I I I TABLE 7-2 PORTAGE COMMERCE SQUARE CHARACTERISTICS Single-Family* Multiple-Family* Commercial Office Park/Open Space Industrial Public/Institutional Utility/Railroad Streets Vacant Acres (Zoned) Single-Family Multiple-Family Commercial Office Industrial 150 144 266 25 102 56 18 36 105 17 16 30 3 11 6 2 4 11 49 44 33 8 56 26 23 17 4 30 *Single-family dwelling units Multiple-family dwelling units Job Opportunities (estimate) Population (estimate) 4,043 4,609 Source: City of Portage; May, 1995. 1 1 1 PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT {FINAL) 7-12 �r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r I J Of particular interest is the following : • The mixed residential and commercial character of the area and the fact that 4,609 people reside in the "Square." • The estimated 4,0!:i3 available job opportunities. • The Jack of unifying park/green space. • The defining nature of the major street network and access to I-94. • The Jack of vacant sites useable for new commercial/office development. • The potential desirability of "linking" the City Centre Area with the "Square" with some park/green space. c. Existing Vacant Zoned Land Vacant zoned land within Portage Commerce Square includes (refer to Table 7-2), as of May of 1995: I. 56 acres • • • • • • zoned for industrial along Lovers Lane including: 10 acres on the northwest corner of Romence Road Parkway and Lovers Lane. 15 acres on Gernaat Court. IO acres in the vicinity of Ramona A venue. 3 acres east of Portage Creek behind developed lots south of Milham A venue. 4 acres on the north side of Milham Avenue between the Conrail tracks and Portage Creek (part of a 50-acre vacant tract). 14 acres on along the east side of Lovers Lane owned by the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company. 2. 33 acres zoned for commercial including: • 2 acres on the south side of Romence Road (part of a 40-acre vacant tract). • 31 acres on scattered lots around the Crossroads Mall. 3. 8 acres zoned for office including: • 6 acres on the southwest corner of Milham A venue and Newport Road. • 2 acres on the north side of Mall Drive. 4. 44 acres zoned for multi-family along Constitution Boulevard northward from the Consumers Power property and to the east of Dorset Street. 5. 49 acres zoned for single-family including: • 25 acres on the northeast corner of Romence Road and Constitution Boulevard . • 24 acres involving the Consumers Power property and property on the south side of Consumers Power west of Constitution Boulevard. As a result of the Future Land Use Plan and more recent rezoning activity, these vacant acreages have changed in Portage Commerce Square. d. Future Land Use Designation and Development Opportunities Within the Portage Commerce Square boundary, the Future Land Use Map make the following recommendations for land available for development (refer to Figure 7-3): PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 7-13 �r I. r r r r r r r r r r r r r r I r r 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. e. 10 acres on the northwest comer of Lovers Lane and Romence Road Parkway have been redesignated from industrial to open space as part of the Portage Creek Bicentennial Park. 15 acres on Gemaat Court are designated for industrial. 13 acres on the west side of Lovers Lane between Ramona Avenue and Milham Avenue have been redesignated from industrial to office. 5 acres on the southwest corner of Lovers Lane and Milham Avenue have been designated for local business and are surrounded by 40 acres designated for office. The 50 acres on the north side of Milham A venue between the Conrail tracks and Portage Creek have been redesignated from industrial to 10 acres of office fronting on Milham Avenue backed by 40 acres of high density residential. 40 acres on the south side of Romence Road west of Westnedge A venue remains the largest single tract designated for comparison business. 31 acres of vacant small tracts for comparison business remain around the Crossroads Mall. 8 acres zoned for office remain on the southwest corner of Milham Avenue and Newport Road and on the north side of Mall Drive. About 10 acres on the east side of Constitution Boulevard between M. L. King Drive and Mall Drive have been redesignated from multi-family to comparison business and are being developed. A limited amount of vacant multi-family land remains east of Dorset Street and along Constitution Boulevard. 25 acres on the northeast corner of Romence Road and Constitution Boulevard is designated "single family detached medium density ." The Consumers Power property has been designated as open space to create a greenway from the west City limits through Portage Commerce Square to the east City limits. There is a gap in the greenway from the west side of the Crossroad Mall to the Consumers Power property west of the Portage Creek Bicennential Park that must be filled through the use of public right-of-way or utility easements. JO acres on the west edge of the Della/Ruth neighborhood has been designated for comparison commercial . Summary In summary, there are about 73 vacant acres zoned for retail commercial in the Commerce Square Area -- the largest single tract of 40 acres being located on the south side of Romence Road west of Westnedge Avenue. The redevelopment of the western IO acres of the Della/Ruth neighborhood is the only significant potential available retail area added to Portage Commerce Square. With the redesignation of the west side of Lovers Lane from Milham A venue to Ramona A venue from industrial to office, about 13 acres of vacant land are now available for office, and the office designation is intended to improve the marketability of this area. With the designation of 25 acres on the northeast corner of Romence Road and Constitution Boulevard, little viable vacant land for new residential development remains within Portage Commerce Square. For the remainder of the Westnedge Avenue Commercial Corridor north and south of Portage Commerce Square, the Future Land Use Map make the following recommendations for land available for development (refer to Figure 7-3): 14 . .Including 20 acres zoned for Expressway Services on the northwest corner of I-94 and Westnedge A venue is designated for general business which permit ES zoning district uses. 15 . Adding 15 vacant acres on the west side of South W estnedge A venue near Kilgore Road behind the Willow Creek shopping center. 16. Adding 25 acres of vacant and greenhouse property west of the Conrail tracks from Romence Road Parkway to Garden Lane. I 7. Adding 10 acres between Peterman Road and Schuring Road abutting existing Westnedge A venue commercial uses on the east, an industrial use on the south, and greenhouse operations on the west. Thus, the combination of the Portage Commerce Square and the Westnedge Commercial Corridor provide 153 acres (93 being already zoned) for future retail development to address the demand for 207 retail acres . PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 7-14 �r I I I I 4. Portage Road Commercial Corridor and Other Commercial Development Opportunities Outside the Westnedge Avenue Commercial Corridor and "Portage Commerce Square" commercial development opportunities described above, commercial opportunities fall in the major retail corridor of Portage Road between Milham Avenue and 1-94 and between Centre Avenue and West Lake/Austin Lake as well as numerous commercial nodes at arterial intersecti'ons throughout the City. These retail development opportunities tend to be scattered. There are 74 acres of vacant zoned retail sites including: • • • • IO acres on the west side of Shaver Road to the south of Melody A venue. 20 acres on the southwest corner of Sprinkle Road and Meredith Street. 10 acres on Sprinkle Road north of Branch Avenue (that is proposed of smaller single-family lots). 34 acres in scattered sites of five acres or less. r r r r r The most significant additions to available retail sites outside the Westnedge Commercial Corridor are the designation of 30 acres on the southwest and southeast corners of Portage Road and Milham A venue for commercial purposes in the Portage Commercial Corridor, and the designation of 30 acres on the southeast corner of Milham Avenue and 12th Street for a new primary commercial node. I Industrial land falls in two major corridors in the City of Portage -- Sprinkle Road and Sprinkle Road. r r f f r 5. Summary of Commercial Development Opportunities In summary, the "Future Land Use Pattern" provides about 263 additional acres (including 167 acres of commercially zoned properties) to meet future demand for commercial sites. This available acreage is concentrated in the Westnedge Avenue Commercial Corridor (153 acres) and the Portage Road Commercial Corridor (about 44 acres). However, about 60 acres involve redevelopment of residential areas and greenhouses abutting Westnedge Avenue and major property owners such as Pharrnacia-Upjohn Company, and is not readily available today for commercial development. Accordingly, readily available vacant sites for commercial purposes approximate about 203 acres. Thus, revitalization of existing commercial areas will be important in accommodating projected demands for commercial acreage. 6. Industrial Development Opportunities a. Sprinkle Road Industrial Corridor The Sprinkle Road Corridor generally running from the east City limits to Portage Creek and from Milham A venue to Zylman Avenue appears in Figure 7-4. Independent of Pharmacia-Upjohn, the corridor contains 272 acres zoned for industrial with another 13 acres redesignated for industrial use. In the case of Pharmacia-Upjohn, the corridor includes 485 acres with industrial zoning and another 220 acres designed for industrial use. The location of these sites appears in Figure 7-4 (see sheet I and sheet 2): I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 247 acres of vacant industrially zoned land along Sprinkle Road. 13 to 20 acres on the south side of Milham A venue added to Portage Commerce Park. 25 vacant industrially zoned acres along Lovers Lane. 485 vacant industrially zoned acres owned by Pharrnacia-Upjohn. I 20 vacant acres owned by Pharrnacia-Upjohn. I 00 acres in the Ramona Avenue residential area to be redevelopment for industrial use for Pharmacia-Upjohn. I r I PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE Pl.AN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 7-15 �KALAMAZOO / BAnLE CR[E.h INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (IN CITY OF KALAMA70(' ) L.., C L..L. 1 L'. L COMPREHENSIVE PLAN LL LL LL \ I \ \ .\ \ I \ \ Figure 7:4 Sprinkle Rd . Industrial Corridor I I I I _j I_ - - - -- .--'..- ,- ~ Future Land Use 1" = 1500' ·LEXI NGTO I-./ - =GREEN ,;:: - ,....., PARi,.·.- -- p CL LL L w j-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:j - OFFICE 0 ~ LOCAL BUSINESS w en w - v>,z;?'/1/1 5 - - GENERAL BUSINESS - INDUSTRIAL ro oo oo o1 ~ o o o _ 0 O O ~ ~ PUBLIC: - CITY CENTRE AREA (City HolL Police/Court. Library, Senior Ccn\c,-. Oepartmont of Pubflc 'Sw>AC<!S. an<! Flre Deportments.) EXISTING: FUTIJRE: ©®- 0IJl ~ w ~ z _!., <{ -z ::: ::: ;:: :=j - 1· ~ 5- ,o :il~~ Cl ~ - @] Fire Stations - [£] ~.!!W ••••• Corridor Boundary - Vacant Industrially Zoned •·----' - C <{ .; Jo~ u.. Reuse for Industrial C -_-, ~or:; ~0 i lC :5 ~ J!. .;;- ME C sw sE Redesigned for Industrial j ~ ~ [I]- Future Parks ...II - COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS COMMERCIAL REVITALIZATION AREAS PRIMARY COMMERCIAL NODES t"-""""""-"t ti,,....,,,,,_....,.., - SECONDARY COMMERCIAL NODES Refer to text for description of Numbers 0, -'!!_. ~o· ~ - - - - MAJOR ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS; HOWEVER. THE SENSITIVELAND AREAS INVENTORY SHOULD BE REFERENCED FOR AREAS OUTSIDE '"''"'"" '"''™ - E.A.S T- WEST CORRIDOR S TI_IDY ARE .i_ FOR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ TH_, E. 10;;0;,;;, - ~YE;,;;; A;,;,.R,;.;FL~O,;;;;OD;;;.,P,;;;LA,;;,;,IN; .B;,;O;;, UN_D_A., RY_. - - - - - - - - - - - - . a . - -- - - - -R_o_M_E_ Nc_ E_R_o _ AD_ P_A-RK_ w _A_Y_Ex_T_E_N.. s1_o _ N _ __. •NOTE: = u -:. MAP H . • u.. . __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ ._...., __, - NW Mw 0 - 100- YEAR FLOODPLAIN o,...J .... 0 ~ RECREATION /OPEN SPACE ~ ) - E,<lsllng Parks 4d Upjohn ~G:~ IJl Cemeteries @ - Elementary Schools @ - Middle Schools @ - High Schools @ - Well Sltes - Cl ~ HIGH-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL COMPARISON BUSINESS z I- c., ) SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED MEDIUM DENSITY MEDIUM - DENSITY RESIDENTIAL ~ - - ft '-·'--L..:~Ltl bLLLLLQ - - LOW-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL ™ - C) - ~~ - _ _ 7-16 �COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Figure 7:4 Sprinkle Rd . Industrial Corridor Future Land Use 1" .I ~ ~~~ LOW-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL - SINGLE FA~HL Y DETACHED MEDIUM DENSITY fl -:-~. :-~ . . , I - MEDIUM-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL bq. . LLLQ - HIGH-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL 1-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:J - OFFICE ~ - LOCAL BUSINESS - COMPARISON BUSINESS - GENERAL BUSINESS ™ ~ -. v>½:>7ll INDUSTRIAL ~~ o ~ o ~ o 1 - PUBLIC: ~ ~ - CITY CENTRE AR EA (City Holl, Pollee/Court. Ubtcry, S..,for Center. 09p<rtmoot or Publlc Sen,fces. and Fl1'9 Deportment..) EXISTING: FUTURE: @- Cemeteries ®- 3 ~ .::i w ----- ::i: 2i«: z 5 - vJ r,:, ::i; Fire Stations @ - Elementary School9 - § @ - Middle Schools - ~ @ - High Schools - ~ 0V) o ~ = 1500' S' Cl ~~~ ,u.. I 0 c,,.J c-<C NW NE ~i~ 5ci C" V) ::, ~005 1"' • r-, II/ SW SE MAP kr.1 - ®- t ::'.:::;: '.:: -J ®- Corridor Boundary Well Sites - Refer to text for description of Numbers ~ - Future Porks 100- YEAR FLOODPLAIN I IC -_--, ...J C -_-, __, Redesigned to Industrial ~ RECREATION /OPEN SPACE Existing Porks Vacant Industrially Zoned Reuse for Industrial - COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS COMMERCIAL REVITALIZATION AREAS PRIMARY COMMERCIAL NODES lf""'"""_,,""'"'i - SECONDARY COMMERCIAL NODES t.----" - - - - MAJOR ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS 100-YEAR FLOODPIAIN INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS; HOWFVER. m•mm"..-"''"""""'o:t11,ma@G1 - FAc;T - WFST 1,0RRlnQR STIIDY ARFA FOR ™E SENSlflVELAND AREAS INVENTORY SHOULD BE REFERENCED FOR AREAS OUTSIDE ROMENCE ROAD PARKWAY EXTENSION G: L - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ ™:,;E~1~00;:;;-~r;:EA ~R~F:,;L~oo;::;o;PL ~A:IN~B~o;u;ND;A;R,;,; Y·- - - - - - - - - - - - - . a . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -__..--;_~ • 7-17 g~ ~ : JJ .;~gi •NOTE: �l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 1 1 b. Shaver Road Industrial Corridor The Shaver Road Corridor from roughly south of Centre Avenue to Oakland Drive appears in Figure 7-5. The corridor contains 375 acres of industrially zoned land and another 30 acres designated for industrial uses . The location of these sites appears in Figure 7-5: , I. 2. 3. 365 acres of vacant industrially zoned land on both sides of Shaver Road. IO acres of industrially zoned land currently in greenhouse use. 30 acres of vacant land between Portage Creek and Shaver Road north of an extended alignment of Melody A venue redesigned from multi-family to industrial use. c. Addition Industrial Opportunities Outside the Sprinkle Road and Shaver Road Industrial Corridor, there are another 50 acres of zoned industrial land in scattered sites. Most sites are located along Portage Road between Centre Avenue and Bacon Avenue, and have been identified for general business in the future land use pattern. d. Industrial Conclusion In summary, the Future Land Use Pattern provides 740 acres (including 697 industrially zoned acres) to address the projected demand of 220 acres for new sites and 242 acres for expansion and relocation of existing industrial use. In the case of the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company, there would be an estimated 705 acres available for expansion including another 660 acres not fully developed within the campus. The redevelopment of the Ramano Avenue residential area (100 acres) for industrial purposes for Pharmacia-Upjohn would more than off-set the 65 acres of Pharmacia-Upjohn property along the south side of Milham Avenue between Lovers Lane and Portage Road. 7. The Comprehensive Plan as An Attraction The attention being paid in this Comprehensive Plan to the identification of sites for additional office and commercial development will continue to improve the viability of Portage for the growth of more and better jobs. Care should be paid to the demand for public services, especially safety services, which a heavily commercial community places upon its government. Occasionally this demand exceeds the revenues which are generated to support such development. This should be more carefully evaluated before a final decision to encourage new large scale retail development. 8. Regional Coordination As part of the larger Kalamazoo County Economic Community, the economy of the City of Portage is tied to the economic strength of the region, and is a significant element to the economic health of the County. Accordingly, the cooperation of the City of Portage with other jurisdictions in the region is important to the overall Economic Community relative to the improvement of the transportation and utility infrastructure for businesses, business retention and recruitment, and the development of major business parks for attracting businesses requiring larger sites. 9. Summary Portage and the Portage/Kalamazoo Economic Community have significant advantages for the location of primary jobs. Focus upon expansion of existing employers can be expected to produce greater return in terms of new primary jobs than seeking new employers. New employer attraction can be expected to produce its best results when focusing upon employers which are sensitive to import and export trade, especially with Canada, and those with special needs for prompt delivery of products by truck to major regional markets. The location of major distribution facilities is an avenue which appears to offer good returns in the near future . PORTAGE C OMPREHENSI VE Pl.AN UPDATE : MASTER Pl.AN R EPORT (FINAL) 7-18 �- ••••• Corridor Boundary - Vacant Industrially Zoned COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Melody Ave . ...: I Reuse for Industrial - O II ~ l Q) co co Redesigned to Industrial Future Land Use Q) 0) ~ Q) I I i ,~ _,.JJ . . ---~j ::: :::~t:/i!i ~ I p -,-J -~ * "-"' ,......,.------- Vanderbilt Extension I I- ~ LOW-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED MEDIUM DENSITY - -~·lHl· tl - I~~ MEDIUM-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL bLLLLLQ - HIGH-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL I· . ·:.· ..· OFFICE ·I - ™ - - ~ LOCAL BUSINESS - rwA-21 _ R~ o '.?; '.? o j ~ ~ COMPARISON BUSINESS GENERAL BUSINESS INDUSTRIAL PUBLIC: - CITY CENTRE AREA (City Hal~ Pallce/Court, Ubrory, 5eniar Cantor, OoporlMon t of Publlc SeN!cea, and ,,. Department-.) EXISTING: FUTURE: @- Cem et eries ®- Fire Stations @- \ Elementary Schools - @~ ~ C ®- I -' ~ 5 0 ID C - "'C/l c., o,::.~ , .. 9 r# - I C ..!! ~ "'c,,..J "i u..~ 0 - 8ar:;" Ul "'Ill NW NE ::::, C -:-: ii~ -~ 8?. I LJ .... I i I I I .;; ~ ~ st- ,... -' st .". ;;; - ~ High Schools - ~ Well Sites - ~ I I - - - - - I- •NOTE: [£] - Future Parks 100- YEAR FLOODPLAIN COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS COMMERCIAL REVITALIZATION AREAS PRIMARY COMMERCIAL NODES r----"'I - SECONDARY COMMERCIAL NODES ---- - MAJOR ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS 1.----.J MAP l•.E, RECREATION/OPEN SPACE Existing Porks -_--, --1 C --, C- ...I - ~..:c,;i ii ~ - ~:::::::::: j - ~ ~ Middle Schools @@- ~ z = 1500' 1" ""O 0 Refer to text for description of Numbers Fi gure 7:5 Shaver Rd . Industrial Corridor > <( 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS; HOWEVER. THE SENSITIVELAND AREAS INVENTORY SHOULD BE REFERENCED FOR AREAS OUTSIDE ~Ul"'- 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - TH• E~ l~OO~- ~YE~A~R~F~ LO~OD ~ P~LA~IN;_;; BO~U~ND~A-RY•· - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -r.r--:-"'° - 7- 19 ------~ �r r r F. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ACTIONS To further enhance the City of Portage economic position, a variety of economic development actions should be undertaken. Some actions are general in nature and others are associated with future land use recommendations for the major land uses. 1. General Actions General actions to support the economic development initiatives of the City of Portage include: r r r r r r r I r r I I I I • Continuing the commercial and industrial sites inventory with annual updates to support economic development efforts preserving and attracting businesses, and the preservation of commercial and industrial sites. • Regularly examining the development review process and the business resources package of the City of Portage relative to other jurisdictions and make appropriate adjustments. • Annually reviewing the Capital Improvement Program priorities. • Continuing to participate in area-wide annual surveys and visitations of major businesses in Portage and provide an inventory of vacant sites and structures for business retention and recruitment. • Continuing active participation in the business retention and recruitment efforts with the area-wide economic development agency . • Considering, with neighboring jurisdictions, economic development programs benefiting the community, when appropriate. 2. Office Development Actions To achieve the creation of major office corridors as envisioned in the Comprehensive Plan, the community should consider development of a program to prepare corridor-wide rezoning plans for the office corridors along Centre A venue and Milham A venue. To facilitate the continued development of Milham A venue as an office corridor the community should entertain rezonings that protect abutting residential areas and initiate rezonings of large tracts that might otherwise be development for purposes other than office. In addition to actions similar to the Milham Avenue Office Corridor, the community should take other actions in the Centre Avenue Office Corridor to provide and preserve large sites for corporate office and office/research activities. 3. Retail Development Actions Because the "Future Land Use Pattern" (Figure 12-1) provides about 263 additional acres to meet the twenty-year demand of 207 acres for retail land, only 167 acres are commercially zoned and another 60 acres involves redevelopment of existing properties or major property owners such as the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company, the choice of green field sites is severely limited and public initiatives to encourage revitalization and reinvestment in existing commercial corridors is crucial to addressing the market for new retail uses and the expansion or relocation of existing commercial uses. Actions facilitate investment in existing commercial corridors includes: • Entertaining or initiating rezonings to commercial in the two major commercial corridors and four designated commercial revitalization areas . PORTAGE C OMPREHENSI VE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT {FINAL) 7-20 �I r I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I • Coordinating with the Kalamazoo County Road Commission road and sidewalk improvements along Centre A venue, Sprinkle Road, and Portage Road commercial areas. • Considering development of a program for preparing revitalization plans for the four Commercial Revitalization areas covering appropriate rezonings, public infrastructure improvements and financial assistance and intentive programs. • Monitoring private sector initiatives and address the timing and nature of public intervention for the redevelopment of residential areas such as the western one-third of the Della/Ruth area proposed for commercial. • Monitoring private sector initiatives and encourage a redevelopment feasibility study of the Portage Steel property. • Continuing the expansion of sanitary sewers in Portage Commerce Square. 4. lndustriaJ Development Actions Although the Future Land Use Pattern provides 740 acres (including 697 industrially zoned acres) to address the projected demand for 220 acres for new sites and 242 acres for expansion and relocation of existing industrial uses for other than the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company, the provision of infrastructure and the consolidation of tracts in the Sprinkle Road and Shaver Road Industrial Corridors are important so that a variety of industrial sites in different locations and sites can be marketed. Accordingly, community actions include: • Continuing the expansion of public utilities in the Shaver Road and Sprinkle Road Industrial Corridors. • Pursuing an infrastructure plan and improvement program for the Shaver Road Industrial Corridor. In the case of the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company, the Comprehensive Plan recommends increased acreage available for company expansion and creates a more unified campus of contiguous properties. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE Pl.AN UPDATE: MASTER Pl.AN REPORT (FINAL) 7-21 �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I CHAPTER 8: HOUSING A. INTRODUCTION The housing stock of the community is a major contributor to the character and livability of the community. The maintenance of the residential flavor of Portage as a community where the majority of the housing remains singlefamily detached dwellings is the paramount goal of the Comprehensive Plan. At the same time, the goals of the Comprehensive Plan also include development of a diverse and stable housing stock providing a range of housing opportunities for all income groups in a suitable living environment, and implementation of public programs, incentives, regulations and taxation policies supporting the provision of housing opportunities for all persons. The objectives of the Comprehensive Plan further elaborate initiatives to conserve and rehabilitate housing and to broaden housing opportunities. Several housing trends and needs have been forecasted to the year 2015: • A continuation of the decline in average household size from 2.64 persons per household in the year 1990 to 2.33 person per household in the year 2015. • Although the higher median household income in the City of Portage in comparison to Kalamazoo County is expected to continue in the future, low and moderate income households will comprise about 36 percent of the Portage households in future years. • With 71 percent of all dwellings constructed after 1960 and only one in ten units built prior to 1940, the housing stock in Portage is relatively young . • An average of 270 new dwellings (48% single-family / 52% multi-family) have been built annually over the past fifteen years . • Owner occupied housing will continue to dominate the community although the percent of owner occupied housing is forecasted to decline from 72 percent in the year 1990 to 65 percent in the year 2015 based on present building permit trends. • The median value of a home in Portage was $71,700 in the year 1990 compared with the median sales price of $83,000. The median rent in Portage was $395 per month in the year 1990. • In the year 1990, 2,330 households (16.2%) spent more than 30 percent of their income for housing. An immediate low and moderate income housing need of 500 rental units and 350 owner units was identified. • Over the next twenty years (1996 to 2015), 4,810 new dwelling units (48% single-family detached) are needed to accommodate forecasted population growth. • Over the next twenty years (1996 to 2015), about 1,24 I acres would be absorbed for low density residential housing and 371 acres would be absorbed higher density housing. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE Pl.AN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 8-1 �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I B. HOUSING DENSITIES AND TYPES The Comprehensive Plan establishes residential density as a more effective means of evaluating compatibility with surrounding land uses than the type of housing (detached versus attached dwelling units) . Further, home ownership cuts across all housing den~ities and types. Accordingly, the Comprehensive Plan identifies three density ranges: • • • Low Density -- up to 4 dwelling units per gross acre. This density range is typical for traditional single-family detached dwelling unit subdivisions. Medium Density -- greater than 4 and up to 8 dwelling units per gross acre. This density range covers the transition from detached to attached dwelling units. High Density -- greater than 8 and up to 15 dwelling units per gross acre. This density range is typical of attached dwelling units. The Comprehensive Plan also encourages a mixture of housing types in larger mixed-use, planned unit and residential development projects to provide for a range of housing opportunities for all income groups, for a transition in densities within the development and to surrounding areas, and for innovative design fostering costefficient housing and protection of amenities and environment assets. C. HOUSING OPPORTUNITIES 1. Smaller Lots To provide opportunities for detached housing on smaller lots than the present zoning of vacant land, several areas are identified for smaller single-family lot development coinciding with the R-lA residential zoning district or a new cluster housing district: l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Between 12th Street and US I 3 I south of Romence Road (50 acres). Between Schuring Road and Romence Road west of Westnedge Avenue (80 acres). East of Sprinkle Road from Zylman Avenue to Centre Avenue (120 acres). Between 12th Street and US 131 south of Centre Avenue to the south corporate boundary (150 acres). Along the west side of Sprinkle Road straddling Branch Avenue (150 acres). On the northeast corner of Constitution Boulevard and Romence Road (25 acres). 2. Multi-Family Areas To improve the choice of housing types (detached versus attached), to provide a more dispersed pattern of multi-family sites and to provide housing opportunities for moderate income households over the present zoning of vacant land, additional medium and high density residential areas have been identified to expand site choice and to ensure adequate multi-family zoned land without development constraints to meet the continuation of present demands (317 acres to the year 2015). There are presently about 156 acres of vacant multi-family zoned sites (excluding about 14 acres on the south side of Milham A venue east of Sprinkle Road in Portage Commerce Park and 30 acres on Portage Creek proposed for future industrial use west of Shaver Road to the north of the Melody Avenue alignment): 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 20 acres 30 acres 30 acres 50 acres 26 acres south of Centre Avenue along Shirely Court. south of Centre Avenue along the west side of Portage Creek. north of Centre A venue along the west side of Portage Creek. on the north side of Osterhout Avenue east of the Conrail tracks. in scattered sites of less than IO acres throughout the community. Additional areas recommended for medium density (up to 8 dwelling units per acre) and high density (up to 15 dwelling units per acre) residential dwelling development would add 330 acres: PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 8-2 �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 60 acres off 12th Street north ofl-94 (medium density). 40 acres on 12th Street south of Milham Avenue (high density). 40 acres on the north side of Milham Avenue between the Conrail tracks and Portage Creek (high density) . 25 acres between Schuring Road and Portage Central Park west of the Westnedge Avenue commercial area (medium density). I 00 acres to the north of Centre A venue straddling Lovers Lane (medium density). 45 acres on the north side of Osterhout Avenue east of the Conrail tracks (high density). 20 acres along the east side of Oakland Drive from 1-94 to Centre Avenue with additional acreage possible through the redevelopment of single-family dwellings on large lots. 3. Planned Unit Residential Although the Comprehensive Plan does not designate specific geographic areas for "planned unit development," it encourages a range of housing opportunities for all income groups, a mixture of housing types and innovative design for the protection of environmentally sensitive areas that can be accomplished through "planned unit development." The "planned unit development" facilitates a range of housing types, allows the clustering of dwelling units for the preservation of natural amenities and the protection of environmentally sensitive areas, enables a transition in type and density of housing to blend into the surrounding area, ensures public review of site design, and may permit the inclusion of a limited amount of nonresidential uses supportive of the residential development. The City of Portage presently has a Planned Unit Development zoning district (which permits 20% of the area to be used for nonresidential uses) that accomplishes these objectives. Subdivision open space ordinance language and language in the Zoning Code also help to fulfill these objectives. Consideration should be given to the development of a second "planned unit development" zoning district that is more restrictive with regard to the percentage and range of nonresidential uses and/or the development of a "cluster housing" zoning district. (A "cluster housing" district typically establishes an average density for the project area and a maximum density so that higher than average densities are permitted on a portion of the project area in order to preserve natural areas on the balance of the site.) As the number of large tracts without environmental constraints shrink in future years, additional tools (such as more restrictive "planned unit development" districts or "cluster housing" districts) are desirable to facilitate in-fill development and the development of tracts with environmental constraints in a manner compatible with surrounding uses and environmentally sensitive areas. D. HOUSING PRESERVATION AND MAINTENANCE The development review guidelines of the Comprehensive Plan (see Chapter 3) encourage the preservation of sound residential housing in the community from the inappropriate intrusion of non-residential development. To ensure the preservation and maintenance of existing housing by property owners, the City of Portage should continue a variety of strategies: • Assisting low and moderate income families to rehabilitate ex1stmg dwellings, to make housing repairs, to undertake emergency repairs and to continue basic maintenance such as a paint program. • Conducting community awareness programs on blighting influences, annual refuse collections, and comprehensive code enforcement efforts in neighborhoods with a concentration on low and moderate income target areas. • Improving sidewalks and public utilities (water, sanitary sewers and drainage) in neighborhoods with a concentration of low and moderate income households. • Retrofitting dwellings for the physically handicapped. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) I 8-3 �I I I I I I • Assisting developers and nonprofit agencies in the development of affordable housing for low and moderate income households. • Exploring innovative/flexible zoning and density bonus standards for development which include housing low and moderate income households. t These strategies, or parts thereof, are commonly found in the 1995-1996 Consolidated Plan and may be funded through federal Community Development Block Grant funds. E. HOUSING REVITALIZATION AND REDEVELOPMENT Because of the relatively young age of housing in the City of Portage, housing revitalization and redevelopment efforts initiated by the public sector are not anticipated. On the other hand, the private sector is anticipated to convert residential dwellings to office and retail use in office and commercial corridors and nodes designated on the Comprehensive Plan Future Land Use map (see Chapter 12). I I I I I I I I I I I I I PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 8-4 �I I I I I I I I I I CHAPTER9: TRANSPORTATION 1999 Status Update A. The transportation network physically links land use activities within the community as well as linking Portage to the surrounding communities, the state and nation. The interaction between land use and transportation is such that transportation is the most significant determinant of the location, type and intensity of land use activities and the most significant infrastructure investment supporting the continuation and expansion of land use activities. The nature of the transportation system also determines how well the mobility needs of community residents and businesses are met. As set forth in the Goals of this Comprehensive Plan, the future vision for Portage involves a balanced and coordinated, multi-modal transportation system that is adequate to accommodate community growth while, at the same time, the community growth effectively uses the capital investments in the transportation system. The Transportation Element of this Comprehensive Plan encompasses the Major Thoroughfare Plan which addresses the use and improvement of the major street system for motor vehicle, local public transportation, bicycle and pedestrian movement, and other transportation systems such as public transportation, railroads and airports. B. I I I I I I I I I INTRODUCTION MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN The Major Thoroughfare Plan addresses the use and improvement of the street system of the community. As such, the Major Thoroughfare Plan serves four purposes: • Preservation of right-of-way to accommodate existing and future transportation needs. It establishes the functional hierarchy for major streets in the community to serve as a mechanism for the preservation of rights-of-way for major street improvements. • Continuity of the functional, physical and aesthetic character of various classifications of major streets. It sets forth typical cross-sections for major streets by functional class to serve as initial design parameters for new and expanded thoroughfares. • Identification of transportation improvements to address existing and future transportation needs. Based on the ability of the major streets to accommodate traffic, it identifies capacity expansion needs serving as the source of improvement projects for the Capital Improvement Program (CIP). • Preservation of major street traffic capacity. It establishes a rationale for access management based on existing and anticipated development along the major street corridors. I 999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE 9-1 �I I I I I I I I I I These four pwposes are elaborated in the following sections that compose the Major Thoroughfare Plan. 1. Preservation of Right-of-Way a. ' Functional Classification The City of Portage Major Thoroughfare Network is part of the larger Kalamazoo Urbanized Area Transportation Network. When viewing thoroughfare deficiencies and developing alternative system improvements at the local level, the integration of the local and the Urbanized Area systems should be kept in mind. The roadways in the street network are classified according to the service function for land use and transportation planning pwposes. The primary functions of roadways are either to serve property or to carry through traffic. Streets are functionally classified as "local" if the primary pwpose is to provide access to abutting properties. Streets are functionally classified as "arterials" if the primary pwpose is to carry traffic. If a street equally serves to provide access to abutting properties and to carry traffic, it is functionally classified as a "collector." These three primary functional classifications may be further stratified for planning and design pwposes. The City of Portage street network (although owned, operated and maintained by various entities) has been stratified into six groups: • I I I I I I I I I Freeways/Expressways - Being the highest category of arterial streets, this functional class of street serves the major portion of through-traffic entering and leaving the urban area (i.e., interurban traffic), and is designed to carry the highest traffic volumes. In metropolitan areas, intraurban traffic (such as between the central business district and outlying residential areas, and between major inner-city communities or major suburban centers) may also be served by streets of this class. Included in this functional class are fully controlled access facilities that are gradeseparated from intersecting transportation facilities and partially controlled access facilities that may have occasional at-grade intersections. To distinguish between the degree of access control and grade separation, freeways/expressways are further stratified into two subclasses: ♦ Interstates - being fully grade-separated and having full access control. ♦ Expressways and freeways (non-interstate) - primarily grade-separated with full access control but occasional at-grade intersections with partial access control. • Major Arterials - Being the highest category of arterial streets without the continuous grade separation of intersecting roadways, this functional class of street complements the freeway system in serving through-traffic entering and leaving the urban area, and is designed to carry the highest non-freeway traffic volumes. In urban areas, intra-urban traffic (such as between the central business district and outlying residential areas, between communities in the urban area, and between major suburban activity centers) may also be served by this functional class. Unlike freeways, major arterials have primarily at-grade intersections; however, some manner of access control is still highly desirable such as the minimum spacing of intersections and the control of driveway entrances. For major arterials, the concept of access to abutting property should be subordinate to providing traffic mobility. • Minor Arterials - Being the lowest category of arterial streets, this functional class serves trips of moderate length and offers a lower level of mobility than do major arterials. This class interconnects with and augments the major arterials, distributes traffic to smaller areas, contains streets that place some emphasis on land access and offers a lower level of traffic mobility. Minor arterials are characterized typically by moderate to heavy traffic volumes. Ideally, these streets should not penetrate identifiable neighborhoods. • Collector Streets - These streets serve as a link between local streets and the arterial system. Collector streets provide both access and traffic circulation within residential, commercial, and industrial areas. Moderate to low traffic volumes are characteristic of these streets. 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE 9-2 �I I I I • Subcollector Streets - Subcollector streets are those streets within a subdivision or development which collect traffic from streets interior to that subdivision or development. These streets are normally major ingress and egress avenues for the development area. Because "subcollector streets" are determined on a case-by-case basis associated with specific development proposals, this functional class of street is not part of the Major Thoroughfare network. • Local Streets - Local streets are composed of all facilities not of a higher order, with the sole function to provide direct access to abutting land uses and to higher order streets. Local streets provide the lowest level of mobility and, therefore, generally exhibit the lowest traffic volumes. Through-traffic on these streets is deliberately discouraged. Because these streets are developed in association with specific development proposals, this functional class of street is not part of the Major Thoroughfare network. I I I I I I I I I I I I b. Major Thoroughfare Network In the determination of the future major thoroughfare network for the City of Portage, existing and projected traffic volumes, the spacing of thoroughfares, and the type and intensity of development in the travel corridors are important factors. The guidelines in Table 9-1 were used in assigning a functional classification to the street network of the City of Portage to establish the Major Thoroughfare Plan (Figure 9-1 ). "Subcollector" and "local" streets are by definition excluded from the major thoroughfare designation because the primary function is to provide access to abutting property. The physical (e.g. , pavement and right-of-way width) and functional (e.g., existing and projected traffic volumes, street capacity and volume-to-capacity ratios) characteristics of the existing thoroughfares appear in Table 9-2. The projected traffic volumes are derived from the Kalamazoo Area Transportation Study (KATS) 2015 LongRange Transportation Plan (1995) which reflects a network based on funded project improvements (i.e., projects programmed for completion on or before 2015). Finally, while traffic volumes 15 years hence serve as the basis for the design of "capacity expansion" projects (i.e., roadway widenings, new roadways, and new interchanges), the preservation of right-of-way has a fifty year horizon reflective of a thoroughfare network necessary to accommodate travel when the community is fully developed. Table 9-3 documents future thoroughfare characteristics reflecting major roadway widening (i.e., addition of through travel lanes) and new roadways programmed for completion on or before the year 2015 per the KATS 2015 Long Range Transportation Plan. The designated Freeways are 1-94 and US 131. The designated Major Arterials are: • • • • Westnedge Avenue from Kilgore Road to Shaver Road. Shaver Road from Westnedge Avenue to the south city limits. Sprinkle Road from Kilgore Road to Nash Avenue (the east city limits). Centre Avenue from 12th Street to Sprinkle Road. The designation of Shaver Road and Sprinkle Road southward from Centre Avenue is more reflective of major arterial spacing than projected traffic volumes for the year 2015 . Based on year 2015 traffic volumes, the 4-lane divided major arterial design is applicable to all designated major arterials except for Westnedge Avenue. The 6-lane divided major arterial design is appropriate from Kilgore Road to Schuring Road. The designated Minor Arterials are: • • Westnedge A venue from Shaver Road to Centre A venue. Kilgore Road from Westnedge Avenue to Sprinkle Road. I I 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUSUPDATE I 9-3 �.. -----------------Table 9-1 THOROUGHFARE DESIGNATION GUIDELINES Classification Criteria Freeway/Expressway Trip Distance Provides for long-distance (over three miles) traffic movement between Portage and other metropolitan areas. Access Control Full access control -- no service to abutting land uses. Access points limited to other freeways and arterials with a minimum interchange spacing of one mile. Traffic Separation Signalization Opposing traffic flows are physically separated and cross streets are grade-separated except that expressways may have atgrade signalized intersections at least one mile apart. Not applicable. Traffic Volumes Over 50,000 average daily trips . Speed Number of Lanes 65 to 70 miles per hour 2 or more lanes in each direction. Land Use Linkages Major activity centers and the metropolitan core. Parallel Spacing Percent of System Variable, not less than 3 miles. 0 to 5 I 999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE Thoroughfare Designation Major Arterial Provides for long-distance (over three miles) traffic movement between Portage and other communities within the Kalamazoo metropolitan area. Limited access control -- very limited service to abutting land uses. Access control through frontage roads, raised medians, and the spacing and location of driveways and intersections. Opposing traffic flows are physically separated by a raised median. Collector and arterial cross streets may be signalized. Traffic signals are coordinated for progressive movement. 30,000 to 50,000 average daily trips. 35 to 45 miles per hour 2 or more lanes in each direction. Major activity centers and the metropolitan core. Usually form neighborhood boundaries. 1.5 to 2.0 miles 5 to IO Minor Arterial Collector Provides for moderate-distance (about 3 miles) traffic movement within Portage and between Portage and adjacent communities. Provides for short-distance (less than 3 miles) traffic movement between the local and arterial street systems in Portage. Partial access control -- moderate service to abutting land uses. Access control through raised medians, and the spacing and location of driveways and intersections. Opposing traffic flows are physically separated by a raised median or continuous left-tum lane. Collector and arterial cross streets may be signalized as well as major development entrances. Traffic signals may be coordinated for progressive movement. 15,000 to 50,000 average daily trips. 35 to 40 miles per hour 2 through lanes in each direction Provides direct access to abutting land uses and some access control through raised medians and the spacing and location of driveways and intersections. Opposing traffic flows are generally unseparated. Secondary activity centers. Occasionally form neighborhood boundaries. 0.75 to 1.0 miles 5 to 10 9-4 Some traffic signals are coordinated. 5,000 to 30,000 average daily trips. 30 miles per hour 1 or 2 through lanes in each direction Main neighborhood interior streets. 0.25 to 0.5 miles 5 to 10 �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I COMPREHENSIVE PLAN FIGURE 9-1 ~ MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN l =3500' 11 0- - - -@ INTERSTATE/EXPRESSWAY MAJOR ARTERIAL MINOR ARTERIAL - - - - - - - COLLECTOR ---Cl!!!!!!!C!!!!!!!!!::!!!!!!!!!!::!!!!!!!W ' I ' EAST-WEST CORRIDOR STUDY AREA FOR ROMENCE ROAD PARKWAY EXTENSION I -----+---- I 131 ----- i----~I I' I CUI• - - 1 1 I, I I, ------1-----r-1 I ------' __ j' ___ _ = ~ ' I -r---- - -- ,:- JANUARY 22, 1999 �. •-----,. 11111 • . "" - ..I ..I ..I ...J -' _j -I _J _) ...,I • I Table 9-2 EXISTING THOROUGHFARE STREET SEGMENT CHARACTERISTICS Street Class Street Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Milham Milham Milham Milham Milham Milham Milham Milham Oakland Oakland Oakland Oakland Oakland Oakland Oakland Portage Portage Portage Portage Sprinkle Sprinkle Sprinkle Sprinkle Sprinkle From Kilgore Andy Idaho Milham Mall Ruth Hudson Romence Garden Schuring Shaver Centre Melody I211l Heverly Oakland Constitution Westnedge Conrail RR Lovers Ln Sprinkle Kilgore 1-94 Milham Romence Centre Shaver Osterhout Kilgore Milham Centre Osterhout Kilgore Meredith Milham Bishop Centre To Andy Idaho Milham Mall Ruth Hudson Romence Garden Schuring Shaver Centre Melody Osterhout Heverly Oakland Constitution Westnedge Conrail RR Lovers Ln Portage E City Limits 1-94 Milham Romence Centre Shaver Osterhout S. City Limits Milham Centre Osterhout Mandigo Meredith Milham Bishop Centre Nash Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Minor Art. Collector Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Collector Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN- STATUS UPDATE Jurisdiction Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage KCRC Portage KCRC KCRC KCRC KCRC KCRC Lanes 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 4 3 2 2 3 4 5 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 5 4 4 2 5 5 5 4 2 Pavement Width 60 60 60 72 72 72 72 57 57 60 44 38 24 22 33 48 58 48 48 24 24 40 48 24 24 22 22 22 59 44 44 24 60 60 60 48 24 Row Width Posted Speed Curb& Gutter Daily Capacity Daily Traffic Year Present V/CRatio 201SADT (a) 66 to 93 66to 119 83 to 100 83 to 125 93 to 110 93 to I IO 90to 110 66 to 93 66 to 93 66 to 93 99 66 to 86 66 66 66 66 83 66 to 83 66 to 83 66 66 66 to 135 66 to 99 66 66 66 66 66 100 66 to 100 66 to 100 66 100 100 l00 100 66 to 100 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 30 30 40 40 35 35 35 35 35 35 25 35 35 40 40 40 40 40 45 45 40-45 45 50 50 50 50 50 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 50% No Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Yes Yes Yes No Val Gut Pvd Sldr Yes Yes Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Yes Yes 12% No No 40% No No No 34,200 34,200 34,200 40,500 40,500 40,500 40,500 32,200 32,200 32,200 30,600 17,000 16,200 16,200 17,000 30,600 32,200 32,500 32,500 16,200 16,200 30,600 30,600 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 34,200 32,500 32,500 16,200 34,200 34,200 34,200 32,500 24,700 31,472 38,688 44,564 36,632 36,632 30,1 I I 31 ,708 27,000 27,000 19,805 7,710 8,644 5,999 8,906 13,509 26,078 14,021 15,819 14,559 I 1,559 2,060 23,547 31,865 12,929 19,190 5,203 4,243 2,216 23,098 14,614 17,629 8,000 19,000 17,000 17,000 17,000 11,000 1998 1998 1997 1998 1998 1997 1998 1997 1997 1998 1998 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1997 1998 1997 1998 1998 1998 1998 1997 1998 1997 1997 1998 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 0.92 1.13 1.30 0.90 0.90 0.74 0.78 0.84 0.84 0.61 0.25 0.51 0.37 0.55 0.79 0.85 0.44 0.49 0.45 0.71 0.13 0.77 1.04 0.80 1.18 0.32 0.26 0.14 0.68 0.45 0.54 0.49 0.56 0.50 0.50 0.52 0.45 32,500 47,000 42,000 39,000 • 28,500 29,500 29,500 22,500 22,500 20,000 9,500 8,000 7,000 16,000 16,000 28,000 23,500 19,000 19,500 8,000 3,000 28,000 36,000 25,500 21,500 9,000 4,000 4,000 37,000 23,000 17,500 13,000 29,000 31,000 29,000 29,000 18,500 9-6 2015V/C Ratio 0.95 1.37 1.23 0.96 0.70 0.73 0.73 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.31 0.47 0.43 0.99 0.94 0.92 0.73 0.58 0.60 0.49 0.19 0.92 1.18 1.57 1.33 0.56 0.25 0.25 1.08 0.71 0.54 0.80 0.85 0.91 0.85 0.89 0.75 - I �. ,. • ~ Street Class Street Centre Centre Centre Centre Centre Centre Romence Romence Romence Romence Bishop Bishop Bishop Lovers Ln Lovers Ln Lovers Ln Lovers Ln Lovers Ln Lovers Ln Kilgore JUlgore JUlgore JUlgore JUlgore Kilgore Angling Vincent Angling Angling Angling Vanderbilt Osterhout Osterhout Shaver Shaver Shaver Moors bridge Moorsbridge Moors bridge Schuring Garden From 121b Oakland Westnedge Waylee Portage Sprinkle Angling Oakland Sears Westnedge Portage Mastenbrook Sprinkle Kilgore 1-94 Milham Romence Garden Centre Oakland Westnedge Burdick Lovers Ln Portage Conrail RR Merryview Angling Milham Romence Centre Angling Shaver Westnedge Westnedge Centre Melody Centre N .Old Centre Muirfield Oakland Westnedge To Oakland Westnedge Waylee Portage Sprinkle E City Limits Oakland Sears Westnedge Lovers Lane Mastenbrook Sprinkle E City Limits 1-94 Milham Romence Garden Centre Forest Westnedge Burdick Lovers Ln Portage Conrail RR Sprinkle Vincent Oakland Romence Centre Vanderbilt Shaver Westnedge Portage Centre Melody S City Limits N.Old Centre Muirfield Romence Westnedge Lovers Ln Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Collector Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art . Minor Art. Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Collector Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE Jurisdiction Portage Portage KCRC KCRC KCRC Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Kalamazoo Portage Portage Portage Kalamazoo Kalamazoo Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Lanes 4 5 5 3 2 2 2 3 4 4 3 2 2 4 2 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Pavement Width 48 55 55 36 24 22 24 35 44 44 36 22 23 44 24 44 44 44 24 24 44 44 24 44 44 24 24 22 24 24 22 21 24 55 24 24 2@24 34 28 22 21 Row Width 83 to 120 76 to 86 66 to 86 66 to 86 66 66 66 66 66 132 to 186 66 66 66 66 to 83 66 to 83 66 to 99 66 to 99 66 to 99 66 to 99 66 to 83 66 to 83 66 to 83 66 to 120 66 to 120 66 66 to 83 66 66 to 83 66 to 105 66 to 90 66 66 66 66 to 73 78 to 100 78 to 200 66 to 100 66 66 66 33 to 66 ~ ~ Posted Speed 45 45 35 35-45 45 40 35 35 35 35 45 45 40 35 35 40 40 40 25 35 35 35 35 45 45 25 25 -35 35 35 35 35 40 40 35 45 45-50 30 30 30 30 35 Curb& Gutter Yes Yes Yes Pvd Steir No Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Yes Yes Yes Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Yes Pvd Sldr Yes Yes Yes Pvd Sldr No Yes Yes Pvd Sldr Yes Yes Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Yes Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Yes Yes Pvd Sldr 20% Pvd Sldr -~ Daily Capacity 32,500 34,200 34,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 32,500 34,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 32,500 16,200 32,500 32,500 32,500 16,200 16,200 32,500 32,500 16,200 32,500 32,500 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 24,700 16,200 16,200 34,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 9-7 -, -~ Daily Traffic 23,941 16,988 17,500 16,000 21,377 2,058 10,541 13,662 13,662 10,045 Year 8,064 8,064 2,377 15,412 15,815 13,848 16,628 14,450 4,500 16,644 16,644 17, 176 14,009 14,500 7,000 1,991 2,500 3,897 5,136 1,459 2,037 3,332 3,263 22,214 14,122 8,500 4,000 4,730 5,842 3,052 2, 132 1998 1998 1998 1998 1998 1997 1998 1998 1997 1997 1998 1998 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1998 1998 1998 1997 1997 1997 1998 1997 1997 1997 1997 1998 1997 1998 1998 1997 1997 1997 1998 1997 1998 1998 1997 ----Present V/C Ratio 0.74 0.50 0.51 0.99 1.32 0.13 0.65 0.84 0.42 0.29 0.50 0.50 0.15 0.47 0.98 0.43 0.51 0.44 0.28 0.51 0.51 0.53 0.86 0.45 0.22 0.12 0.15 0 .24 0.32 0.09 0.08 0.20 0.20 0.65 0.87 0.52 0.25 0.29 0.36 0.19 0. 13 ~ 201SADT (a) 31 ,500 23,500 28,000 27,500 15,500 3,000 4,000 14,000 14,500 17,500 17,000 17,000 4,500 27,000 24,000 18,500 12,000 12,000 5,500 16,500 16,000 27,000 16,500 20,000 20,000 1,700 2,500 4,000 4,S00 3,000 2,000 4,500 5,500 11 ,000 18,500 15,000 5,000 5,000 6,000 5,000 3,000 ~ 2015 VIC Ratio 0.97 0.69 0.82 1.70 0.96 0.19 0.25 0.86 0.45 0.51 I.OS I.OS 0.28 0.83 1.48 0.57 0.37 0.37 0.34 1.02 0.49 0.83 1.02 0.62 0.62 0.10 0.15 0.25 0.28 0.19 0.08 0.28 0.34 0 .32 1.14 0.93 0.31 0.31 0.37 0.31 0.19 ~ �;I 4 .... .. -• Street Class Street From Mall Mall Constitution Constitution Forest Zylman S 12th Street S 12th Street S I 2th Street S 12th Street Nash East Shore Mandigo Newport Newport Gladys Gladys Bacon Meredith Melody Melody Ramona East Shore Cox's Dr Cox's Dr Winters Old Centre Old Centre Constitution JC Penny Milham Mall Lovers Ln Portage N City Limits Hickory Hill Milham Centre E Shore Mandigo Portage Milham Alfa Newport Gladys Ser Dr Westnedge Kilgore Shaver Dolphin Lovers Ln Nash East Shore Zylman Lovers Ln Centre Cooley To JC Penny Westnedge Mall Romence Portage Sprinkle Hickory Hill Milham Centre S City Limits Sprinkle Nash E Shore Alfa Gladys Gladys Ser Dr Westnedge Portage Sprinkle Dolphin Westnedge Portage Cox's Dr Zylman E Centre Portage Cooley Moorsbridge Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector -... Jurisdiction Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage KCRC KCRC KCRC KCRC Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage 1 ~ ~ -~ t ~ -'Ill Row Width Posted Speed Curb& Gutter Daily Capacity Daily Traffic Year Lanes Pavement Width Present VIC Ratio 3 3 4 4 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 35 35 2@23 2@23 24 24 22 44 24 21 22 22 22 2@14 34 22 36 24 28 22 34 22 22 22 22 24 22 34 66 66 100 100 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 30 to 66 66 66 to 99 66 66 66 to 100+ 66 51 to 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 35 25 35 35 25 45 45 45 45 -55 55 25 25-35 35 25 25 25 25 35 30 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 30 30 Yes Yes Yes Yes Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr No Yes No No No No Pvd Sldr Yes Yes No Yes Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr No Yes No No No No Pvd Sldr No Yes 16,200 16,200 34,200 34,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 17,000 16,200 16,200 25,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 8,425 11 ,459 13,956 9,420 2,013 2,671 5,000 9,843 3,500 2,500 801 492 1,270 3,087 3,087 4,000 7,461 1,850 6,3fl 1,828 2,500 2,323 2,000 1,743 1,743 2,000 2,193 2,193 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1998 1998 1997 1998 1997 1997 1998 1997 1997 1998 1996 1996 1997 1997 1997 0.52 0.71 0.41 0.27 0.12 0.16 0.31 0.61 0.22 0.16 0.05 0.03 0.08 0.18 0.18 0.25 0.30 0.11 0.39 0.11 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.1 I 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.14 Sources: Capacities from Florida's Level of Service Standards and Guidelines Manual for Planning applied by The Corradino Group. Year 2015 volumes derived from Kalamazoo Area Transportation Study Long-Range Transportation Plan (1995). Note: (a) The Year 2015 average daily traffic volumes are based on the future roadway network with programmed roadway improvements adopted by KATS. 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE .-~ 9-8 ~ 201SADT (a) 15,500 12,500 13,500 4,000 3,000 4,000 12,000 12,000 6,000 7,000 1,500 1,000 3,000 6,500 6,500 5,000 8,500 2,000 5,500 3,000 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,000 1,500 1,500 ~ 2015 VIC Ratio 0.96 0.77 0.39 0.12 0.19 0.24 0.74 0.74 0.37 0.43 0.09 0.06 0.18 0.38 0.40 0.31 0.34 0.12 0.34 0.19 0.22 0 .. 22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.16 0.09 0.09 :--ti �~ ,.. ..... ... -1!111 --- -"111111 ._.... _... -.... -"1111 ,-__.... ~ -~ -.... ~ --.. -.... Table 9-3 PROPOSED THOROUGHFARE STREET SEGMENT CHARACTERISTICS (changes from existing in bold and shaded) Street Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Milham Milham Milham Milham Milham Milham Milham Milham Oakland Oakland Oakland Oakland Oakland Oakland Oakland Portage Portage Portage Portage Sprinkle Sprinkle Sprinkle From Kilgore Andy Idaho Milham Mall Ruth Hudson Romence Garden Schuring Shaver Centre Melody 12th Heverly Oakland Constitution Westnedge Conrail RR Lovers Lane Sprinkle Kilgore 1-94 Milham Romence Centre Shaver Osterhout Kilgore Milham Centre Osterhout Kilgore Meredith Milham To Andy Idaho Milham Mall Ruth Hudson Romence Garden Schuring Shaver Centre Melody Osterhout Heverly Oakland Constitution Westnedge Conrail RR Lovers Lane Portage E City Limits 1-94 Milham Romence Centre Shaver Osterhout S. City Limits Milham Centre Osterhout Mandigo Meredith Milham Bishop Street Class Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Minor Art. Collector Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Collector Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN • STATUS UPDATE Jurisdiction Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage KCRC Portage KCRC KCRC KCRC Lanes 5 5 6-7 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 4 3 2 4 5 s 5 5 5 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 5 4 4 2 5 5 5 Pavement Width 60 60 72 to 84 72 72 72 72 57 57 60 44 38 24 48 58 58 58 58 58 48 24 40 48 48 48 22 22 22 59 44 44 24 60 60 60 Row Width 66 to 93 66 110 83 to 125 93 to 110 93to 110 90toll0 66 to 93 66 to 93 66 to 93 99 66 to 86 66 83 83 83 83 66 to 83 66 to 83 83 66 66 to 135 66 to 99 83 83 66 66 66 100 66 to 100 66 to 100 66 JOO 100 100 Posted Speed 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 30 30 40 40 35 35 35 35 35 35 25 35 35 40 40 40 40 40 45 45 40-45 45 50 50 50 Curb& Gutter Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 50% No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Pvd Sldr Yes Yes Yes Yes Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Yes Yes 12% No No 40% No Daily Capacity 34,200 34,200 40,500 40,500 40,500 40,500 40,500 32,200 32,200 32,200 30,600 17,000 16,200 32,500 34,200 32,200 32,200 34,200 34,200 32.500 16,200 30,600 30,600 32,500 32,500 16,200 16,200 16,200 34,200 32,500 32,500 16,200 34,200 34,200 34,200 9-9 Daily Traffic 31 ,472 38,688 44,564 36,632 36,632 30,111 31,708 27,000 27,000 19,805 7,710 8,644 5,999 8,906 13,509 26,078 14,021 15,819 14,559 11,559 2,060 23,547 31,865 12,929 19,190 5,203 4,243 2,216 23,098 14,614 17,629 8,000 19,000 17,000 17,000 Year 1998 1998 1997 1998 1998 1997 1998 1997 1997 1998 1998 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1997 1998 1997 1998 1998 1998 1998 1997 1998 1997 1997 1998 1997 1997 1997 1997 Present V/C Ratio 0.92 1.13 1.30 0.90 0.90 0.74 0.78 0.84 0.84 0.61 0.25 0.51 0.37 0.55 0.40 0.85 0.44 0.49 0.43 0.36 0.13 0.77 1.04 0.80 1.18 0.32 0.26 0. 14 0.68 0.45 0.54 0.49 0.56 0.50 0.50 ~ 2015 ADT (a) 32,500 47,000 42,000 39,000 28,500 29,500 29,500 22,500 22,500 20,000 9,500 8,000 7,000 16,000 16,000 28,000 23,500 19,000 19,500 8,000 3,000 28,000 36,000 25 ,500 21 ,500 9,000 4,000 4,000 37,000 23,000 17,500 13,000 29,000 31,000 29,000 2015 VIC Ratio 0.95 1.37 1.10 0.96 0.70 0.73 0.73 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.31 0.47 0.43 0.49 0.47 0.87 0.73 0.S6 0.57 0.25 0. 19 0.92 1.18 0.78 0.66 0.56 0.25 0.25 1.08 0.71 0.54 0.80 0.85 0.91 0.85 �... Street Sprinkle Sprinkle Centre Centre Centre Centre Centre Centre Romence Romence Romence Romence Romence Bishop Bishop Bishop Lovers Ln Lovers Ln Lovers Ln Lovers Ln Lovers Ln Lovers Ln Kilgore Kilgore Kilgore Kilgore Kilgore Kilgore Angling Vincent Angling Angling Angling Vanderbilt Vanderbilt Osterhout Osterhout Shaver Shaver Shaver Moors bridge .... ..... From Bishop Centre 12th Oakland Westnedge Waylee Portage Sprinkle Angling Oakland Sears Westnedge Loves Lane Portage Mastenbrook Sprinkle Kilgore 1-94 Milham Romence Garden Centre Oakland Westnedge Burdick Lovers Ln Portage Conrail RR Merryview Angling Milham Romence Centre Angling Shaver Shaver Westnedge Westnedge Centre Melody Centre ~ To Centre Nash Oakland Westnedge Waylee Portage Sprinkle E City Limits Oakland Sears Westnedge Lovers Lane Portage Mastenbrook Sprinkle E City Limits 1-94 Milham Romence Garden Centre Forest Westnedge Burdick Lovers Ln Portage Conrail RR Sprinkle Vincent Oakland Romence Centre Vanderbilt Shaver Westnedge Westnedge Portage Centre Melody S City Limits N.Old Centre ~ Street Class Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Collector Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Collector Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Collector I 999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE ...... Jurisdiction KCRC KCRC Portage Portage KCRC KCRC KCRC Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Kalamazoo Portage Portage Portage Kalamazoo Kalamazoo Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage - ..... ..... Lanes 4 4 4 Pavement Width 48 48 48 5 5 55 55 5 2 2 2 3 5 4 4 3 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 55 24 22 24 35 5 55 4 4 2 44 44 2@24 55 44 44 36 22 23 44 44 44 44 44 24 36 44 44 44 44 44 24 24 22 24 24 22 36 21 24 Row Width 100 66 to 100 83 lo 120 76 to 86 66 to 86 66 to 86 66 66 66 66 66 132 to 186 100 66 66 66 66 to 83 66 to 83 66 to 99 66 to 99 66 to 99 66 to 99 66 to 83 66 to 83 66 to 83 66 to 120 66 to 120 66 66 to 83 66 66 to 83 66 to 105 66 to 90 66 66 66 66 66 to 73 78 to 100 78 to 200 66 to 100 -"11111 Posted Speed 50 50 45 45 35 35-45 45 40 35 35 35 35 35 45 45 40 35 35 40 40 40 25 35 35 35 35 45 45 25 25-35 35 35 35 35 35 40 40 35 45 45-50 30 ~ Curb& Gutter No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Yes Yes Yes Yes Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Pvd Sldr Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Yes Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Yes Yes Yes Yes .--.. Daily Capacity 32,500 32,500 32,500 34,200 34,200 32,500 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 34,200 34,200 32,500 16,200 16,200 16,200 32,500 32,500 32,500 32,500 32,500 16,200 16,900 32,500 32,500 32,500 32,500 32,500 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 24,700 16,200 16,200 16,200 34,200 32,500 32,500 16,200 9- 10 ~ :---.- Daily Year Traffic 17,000 1997 1997 11,000 23,941 1998 16,988 1998 17,500 1997 16,000 1997 1997 21,377 2,058 1998 10,541 1997 13,662 1998 13,662 1998 10,045 1997 new road 8,064 1998 8,064 1998 2,377 1998 15,412 1998 15,815 1998 13,848 1997 16,628 1998 14,450 1998 4,500 1997 16,644 1997 16,644 1998 17, 176 1998 14,009 1997 14,500 1997 1997 7,000 1,991 1997 1997 2,500 1997 3,897 5,136 1998 1,459 1998 2,037 1998 new road 3,332 1997 3,263 1997 22,214 1997 14,122 1998 8,500 1997 4,000 1997 ~ -'111111 Present V/C Ratio 0.52 0.34 0.74 0.50 0.51 0.49 1.32 0. 13 0.65 0.84 0.42 0.29 new road 0.50 0.50 0.15 0.47 0.98 0.43 0.51 0.44 0.28 0.51 0.51 0.53 0.43 0.45 0.22 0.12 0. 15 0.24 0.32 0.09 0.08 new road 0.20 0.20 0.65 0.87 0.26 0.25 2015ADT (a) 29,000 18,500 31,500 23,500 28,000 27,500 15,500 3,000 4,000 14,000 14,500 17,500 12,700 17,000 17,000 4,500 27,000 24,000 18,500 12,000 12,000 5,500 16,500 16,000 27,000 16,500 20,000 20,000 1,700 2,500 4,000 4,500 3,000 2,000 3,000 4,500 5,500 11 ,000 18,500 15,000 5,000 . ..--., 2015 VIC Ratio 0.89 0.57 0.97 0.69 0.82 0.8S 0.96 0.19 0.25 0.86 0.40 0.51 0.39 1.05 1.05 0.28 0.83 0.74 0.57 0.37 0.37 0.34 0.98 0.49 0.83 0.51 0.62 0.62 0.10 0.15 0.25 0.28 0 .19 0.08 0.18 0.28 0.34 0.32 0.57 0.46 0.31 --.. �~ '11111 Street Moorsbridge Moorsbridge Schuring Garden Mall Mall Constitution Constitution Forest Zylman S 12th Street S 12th Street S 12th Street S 12th Street Nash East Shore Mandigo Newport Newport Gladys Gladys Bacon Meredith Melody Melody Ramona East Shore Cox's Dr Cox's Dr Winters Old Centre Old Centre . ...... From N.Old Centre Muirfield Oakland Westnedge Constitution JC Penny Milham Mall Lovers Ln Portage N City Limits Hickory Hill Milham Centre E Shore Mandigo Portage Milham Alfa Newport Gladys Ser Dr Westnedge Kilgore Shaver Dolphin Lovers Ln Nash East Shore Zylman Lovers Lane Centre Cooley . To Muirfield Romence Westnedge Lovers Ln JC Penny Westnedge Mall Romence Portage Sprinkle Hickory Hill Milham Centre S City Limits Sprinkle Nash E Shore Alfa Gladys Gladys Ser Dr Westnedge Portage Sprinkle Dolphin Westnedge Portage Cox ' s Dr Zylman E Centre Portage Cooley Moors bridge ..... -1111 Street Class Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector -.... _.._ Jurisdiction Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage KCRC KCRC KCRC KCRC Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Lanes 2 2 2 2 . 4 s 4 4 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ~ -"'Ill Pavement Width 34 28 22 21 44 , ,,, ~ •. 58 2@23 2@23 24 24 22 44 24 21 22 22 22 2@14 34 22 36 24 28 22 34 22 22 22 22 24 22 34 -.... -... _... ,--.. Row Width 66 66 66 33 to 66 ~, ,. 80 80 C 100 100 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 30 to 66 66 66 to 99 66 66 66 to 100+ 66 51 to 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 Posted Speed 30 30 30 35 35 25 35 35 25 45 45 45 45 -55 55 25 25-35 35 25 25 25 25 35 30 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 30 30 Curb& Gutter Yes Pvd Sldr 20% Pvd Sldr Yes Yes Yes Yes Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr No Yes No No No No Pvd Sldr Yes Yes No Yes Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr No Yes No No No No Pvd Sldr No Yes Daily Capacity 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 32,500 34,200 34,200 34,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 17,000 16,200 16,200 25,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 ~ Daily Traffic 4,730 5,842 3,052 2,132 8,425 11,459 13,956 9,420 2,013 2,671 5,000 9,843 3,500 2,500 801 492 1,270 3,087 3,087 4,000 7,461 1,850 6,311 2,000 2,500 2,323 2,000 1,743 1,743 1,828 2,193 2,193 ~ Year 1997 1997 1998 1997 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1998 1998 1997 1998 1997 1997 1998 1997 1997 1998 1996 1996 1997 1997 1997 Sources: Capacities from Florida 's Level of Service Standards and Guidelines Manual for Planning applied by The Corradino Group. Year 2015 volumes derived from Kalamazoo Area Transportation Study Long-Range Transportation Plan ( 1995). Note: (a) The Year 2015 average daily traffic volumes are based on the future roadway network with programmed roadway improvements adopted by KATS. 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE 9-11 ~ --.ii Present V/C Ratio 0.29 0.36 0.19 0.13 0.52 0.71 0.41 0.27 0.12 0 .16 0.31 0 .61 0.22 0. 16 0.05 O.QJ 0.08 0.18 0.18 0.25 0.30 0.11 0.39 0.12 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0. 14 0.14 2015ADT (a) 5,000 6,000 5,000 3,000 15,500 12,500 13,500 4,000 3,000 4,000 12,000 12,000 6,000 7,000 1,500 1,000 3,000 6,500 6,500 5,000 8,500 2,000 5,500 3,000 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,000 1,500 1,500 . ~ 2015 V/C Ratio 0.31 0.37 0.31 0.19 ~t 0.48 0.37 0.39 0.12 0.19 0.24 0.74 0.74 0.37 0.43 0.09 0.06 0.18 0.38 0.40 0.31 0.34 0.12 0.34 0.19 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.16 0.09 0.09 ~ �r r r r r r f • • • • • • • Milham Avenue from 12th Street to Portage Road. Romence Road and Romence Road Parkway from Oakland Drive to Lovers Lane. Bishop Road from Portage Road to Sprinkle Road. 12th Street from the north city limits to the south city limits Oakland Driv6 from Kilgore Road to Shaver Road. Lovers Lane from Kilgore Road to Centre Avenue. Portage Road from Kilgore Road to Mandigo Avenue (the south city limits). The designated collectors are: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Westnedge Avenue from Centre Avenue to Osterhout Avenue. Milham Avenue from Sprinkle Road to east City limits. Oakland Drive from Shaver Road to south City limits. Centre Avenue from Sprinkle Road to east City limits. Romence Road from Angling Road to Oakland Drive. Bishop Avenue from Sprinkle Road to east City limits. Lovers Lane from Centre A venue to Forest Drive. Kilgore Road from Oakland Drive to Westnedge Avenue. Angling Road from Merryview Drive to Vincent Avenue. Vincent Avenue from Angling Road to Oakland Drive. Angling Road from Milham Avenue to Vanderbilt Avenue. Vanderbilt Avenue from Angling Road to Shaver Road. Osterhout Avenue from Shaver Road to Portage Road. Moorsbridge Road from Centre Avenue to Romence Road. Schuring Road from Oakland Drive to Westnedge Avenue. Garden Lane from Westnedge Avenue to Lovers Lane. Mall Drive from Constitution Boulevard to Westnedge Avenue. Constitution Boulevard from Milham Avenue to Romence Road Forest Drive from Lovers Lane to Portage Road. Zylman Avenue from Portage Road to Sprinkle Road. Nash Avenue from East Shore Drive to Sprinkle Road. Cox's Drive from Centre Avenue to East Shore Drive. East Shore Drive from Mandigo Avenue to Nash Avenue. East Shore Drive from Cox's Drive to Nash Avenue. Mandigo Avenue from Portage Road to East Shore Drive. Newport Road from Milham Avenue to Gladys. Gladys from Newport Road to Westnedge Avenue. Bacon Avenue from Westnedge Avenue to Portage Road. Meredith Street from Kilgore Road to Sprinkle Road. Melody Avenue from Shaver Road to Westnedge Road. Winters Drive from Lovers Lane to Portage Road. Old Centre Road from Centre Avenue to Moorsbridge Road. Ramona A venue from Lovers Lane to Portage Road. The Thoroughfare Plan (Figure 9-1 and Table 9-3) identifies two new roadways: • • The extension of Romence Road Parkway at Lovers Lane to Portage Road. The connection of Shaver Road to Westnedge Avenue in the vicinity of South Westnedge Park. The proposed extension of Romence Road Parkway from Lovers Lane to Portage Road will provide the final link in creating an additional east-west thoroughfare through the City of Portage. This new facility would improve access to commercial areas along Westnedge Avenue (which is the most congested facility in the City of Portage) and helps distribute traffic among alternative north-south corridors. The proposed alignment must be finalized. 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE 9-12 �f f However, the east-west corridor would be generally situated in the Study Area from Milham Avenue to Centre A venue, between Lovers Lane and Portage Road. If the extension of Romence Road Parkway is moved far northward or southward, the impact on the built Pharmacia-Upjohn campus is diminished, but the more non-direct or circuitous the corridor route, the less effective the facility is as an east-west corridor. Within the East-West Corridor Study Area, alternative alignment studies will be necessary to properly plan and determine the optimum location for the parkway extension, with the involvement of affected property owners. The proposed corridor would be designated a minor arterial. On the approximate alignment of Vanderbilt A venue, the connection of Shaver Road to Westnedge Avenue along the south side of South Westnedge Park is proposed to improve the spacing of east-west facilities in the two-mile distance between Melody Avenue and Osterhout A venue, and to improve access to the Shaver Road industrial corridor. The Collector roadway should be tied into the development of an internal roadway network on the east side of the Conrail tracks in the Shaver Road industrial corridor. Any thoroughfares not cited above are designated as Collectors. 2. Thoroughfare Design Standards To properly plan for thoroughfare needs, it is necessary to consider the following criteria standards: • The physical roadway standards (i.e., right-of-way, lane width, etc.) necessary to support anticipated traffic volumes and vehicular maneuvers. • The capacity standards of different street types in terms of traffic-carrying ability. Table 9-4, Street Cross Section Standards, indicates the desirable design standards for thoroughfares by functional class. Thereafter, typical cross-sections for these streets are shown graphically in the accompanying Figure 9-2. 3. a. Identification of Transportation Improvements Functional Adequacy Functional adequacy refers to the capabilities of a roadway to accommodate traffic flow. Referring to Table 9-2, present and future daily traffic are compared to the capacity of the roadway to accommodate traffic referring to the present and future volume-to-capacity (v/c) ratios. A v/c ratio of 0.90 to 0.99 indicates that the facility is approaching capacity and improvements should be examined in the immediate future. A v/c ratio of l.00 to l.20 means that the facility is operating at capacity, has little capability of handling future traffic growth, is highly congested during the peak hours, and should be considered for capacity improvement. A v/c ratio over l .20 indicates that the facility will likely break down during peak hours and that capacity improvements should be in the planning or later stages. Major development projects which may have a significant impact on the major thoroughfare network need to complete a traffic impact analysis in conjunction with the review of the site plan. b. Major Highway Needs Major highway capacity expansion needs over the next sixteen years (I 999 through 2015) are based on the Kalamazoo Area Transportation Study (KATS) 2015 Long-Range Transportation Plan (1995) which is the 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN- STATUS UPDATE 9-13 �J .... ·-.I -,Ill ~ ~ -ill ___.. ~ -'Ill --- ---I _. -Ill _.., __.., ---.1 Table 9-4 STREET CROSS SECTION STANDARDS Functional Class Pavement Cross Section Auxiliary Bikeway (a) Lanes Minimum Right-of-Way Number of Moving Lanes Through Lanes Varies 4 to 8 12' per lane 12' each Major Arterial 100' to 140' (a) 4 to 6 11' or 12' per lane Minor Arterial 100' to 120' (b) 4 70' to 90' 2 Freeway Collector Notes: Border Section Outer Separation Sidewalk Curb & Gutter Each Side Median Divider N.A. Paved shoulder Varies N.A. N.A. 12' or 14' (b) 6' (c) 2' Min. 16' (d) 5' 5' 11' or 12' per lane 12' or 14' (b) 6' (c) 2' 12' or 14' (d) 5' 5' 11' or 12' per lane 11' or 12' 4' (c) 2' None (d) 5' 5' (a) Additional right-of-way width within 500 feet of the intersection may be required for separate tum lanes. (b) 14-foot left-tum lanes may be required when a median does not provide separation for opposing traffic. (c) The bike lane width may be reduced by one foot, assuming a continuous curb and gutter section that is suitable for bicycles, or may be eliminated if a parallel bikeway facility exists. (d) A raised median or median barrier curb is highly desirable for major arterials. A continuous left-tum lane is most likely for minor arterials although a median may be appropriate in some cases. A continuous left-tum is required for all collectors. Source: The Corradino Group. 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE 9-14 ---1111 �Figure 9-2 URBAN SECTIONS r1. 2' Curb & Gutter Cr: Bikeway(c)22· or 24'/33' or 36' 32' or 34'/43' or 44' Travelway • I I 2' Curb & Gutter7 6' Bikeway(c), •1 2' Curb & Gutter i,.-.--=22~·=or'-'2'-'4.,_, '/3=3_, ' o,..,_r-=-36:...'- - ~ •1-,.__]--'---+i•1 Median Varies _ _ _ _ _ 32_'_o=-r34_ '/4_3_'o_r_44_'_ _ _ _M....,.e_di➔ a ,.....,..------.i min. 16' Travelway 100' - 140' R.O.W.(a) MAJOR ARTERIAL(> 35mph) (4-lane or 6-lane divided)(b,d) NOTE: (a) (b) (c) (d) Wider right-of-way width within 500' of intersection for separate lanes. 14' left-tum lanes may be required when a median does not provide separation from opposing traffic. 6' bike lane may be reduced to 5' assuming 1' of continuous curb & gutter section is sui1able for bike lane. A raised median or median barrier is highly desirable. ~mii:=~=~============i'· • n 1' 5' Sid walk & Gutter 11 2·~ Curb 6' Bikeway(c) I • l ,I, 2' Curb & Gutter "il ~ 1==:llI , , 6' Bikeway(ch I 1' 55 or60 .~ 71' or 76' Media Travelway min. ' 5• dewalk 100' • 120' R.O.W.(a) MINOR ARTERIAL (> 35mph) (5-lane undivided)(b,d) NOTE: (a) (b) (c) (d) Wider right-of-way width within 500' of intersection for separate lanes. 14' left-tum lanes may be required when a median does not provide separation from opposing traffic. 6' bike lane may be reduced to 5' assuming 1' of continuous curb & gutter section is suitable for bike lane. A continuous left-tum lane is most likely although a median may be appropriate in some cases. T 1' 5' Sid walk 1 Travelway min. · 5' S dewalk 70' - 90' R.O.W.(a) COLLECTOR (< 35mph) (3-lane undivided)(b) NOTE: (a) Wider right-of-way width within 500' of intersection for separate lanes. (b) A continuous left-tum lane is required for all collectors. (c) 4' bike lane may be reduced to 3' assuming 1' of continuous curb & gutter section is suitable for bike lane. Source: The Corradino Group �• - COMPREHENSIVE PLA - FIGURE 9-3 FUNDED EXPANSION PROJECTS l 11 = 3500' MAJOR IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS EAST-WEST CORRIDOR STUDY AREA FOR ROMENCE ROAD PARKWAY EXTENSION ci 0 "' X 0 ZYLHAN U - I -----' I __ j' ___ _ ' I - JANUARY 22 1999 �r r r metropolitan basis for capacity expansion street improvement projects (unless the improvement is on a locally maintained street and entirely funded by the local jurisdiction). KATS examined future roadway capacity expansion needs, and developed a year 2015 future highway network based on fiscal constraints (i.e., traditionally available funding sources for capacity expansion) and the functional capacity of the future highway network. Thus, the year 2015 traffic volumes are based on the presumption that funded highway capacity expansion projects will be built on or before the year 2015. (KATS funded capacity expansion projects appear in Figure 9-3 and are described in the next section.) Based on year 2015 traffic volumes (Table 9-2), the following facilities will be "over capacity" (i.e., a volume-tocapacity ratio over 1.2): • • • • Westnedge A venue from Andy Avenue to Milham A venue. Oakland Drive from Milham Avenue to Centre Avenue. Centre Avenue from Waylee Street to Portage Road. Lovers Lane from I-94 to Milham Avenue. Based on year 2015 traffic volumes, the following facilities will be operating "at capacity" (i.e., volume-to-capacity ratio 1.0 to 1.2): r r r r r r r r r . • • • • • • Oakland Drive from I-94 to Milham Avenue. Portage Road from Kilgore Road to Milham Avenue. Bishop Avenue from Portage Road to Sprinkle Road. Kilgore Road from Oakland Drive to Westnedge Avenue. Kilgore Road from Lovers Lane to Portage Road. Shaver Road from Centre Avenue to Melody Avenue. Based on year 2015 traffic volumes, the following facilities will be "approaching capacity" (i.e., volume-to-capacity ratio 0.90 to 0.99): • • • • • • • • • c. Westnedge Avenue from Kilgore Road to Andy Avenue. Westnedge Avenue from Milham Avenue to Mall Drive. Milham Avenue from 12th Street to Constitution Boulevard. Oakland Drive from Kilgore Road to I-94. Sprinkle Road from Meredith Street to Milham Avenue. Centre Avenue from 12th Street to Oakland Drive. Centre Avenue from Portage Road to Sprinkle Road. Shaver Road from Melody Avenue to south city limits. Mall Drive from Constitution Boulevard to JC Penny Drive. Major Roadway Improvements Highway capital improvement projects fall into two major categories: Capacity Expansion Projects and Capacity Preservation Projects. Capacity Expansion projects include major roadway widenings that add through-lanes, new roadways, and new freeway interchanges. Capacity Preservation Projects include: • Preservation actions such as pavement resurfacing, bridge rehabilitation, and safety projects (signalization, minor realignments to correct vertical/horizontal curves, intersection improvements, guardrail improvements, etc.). • Improvement actions such as pavement and bridge replacement or reconstruction, and freeway ramp improvements . 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE 9-17 �f, f f f r f f f f f r r r r .,. • Enhancement actions such as bikeways, walkways, landscaping, and historic preservation. In developing a financially constrained Transportation Improvement Program, a key principle is that forecasted funding for Preservation Projects will be set aside and that only the remaining balance of the capital funds will be available for Expansion Projects. Preservation Projects are usually defined and implemented within the short-range time frame of less than five years as part of a transportation component of any capital improvement program. Thus, moneys are usually set aside for Preservation Projects and the projects subsequently defined by the various management systems. As the Pavement Management System, Bridge Management System, Safety Management System, and Congestion Management System are implemented, Preservation Projects are defined in accordance with those systems. The KATS LongRange Transportation Plan (1995) identifies Preservation Projects in the City of Portage relative to pavement and bridge reconstruction and safety projects. These are subsequently implemented through the Capital Improvement Program. In contrast, Expansion Projects require five or more years to implement and the need for such projects can be readily defined through the use of the regional travel models that address capacity of the roadway system to accommodate future travel. As part of the KATS, major roadway improvements have been identified on the basis of traffic volumes in the year 2015 and available funding (2015 Long-Range Transportation Plan, 1995). According to KATS, the planned "capacity expansion" projects to the year 2015 include (see Figure 9-3): 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Oakland Drive from Milham to Centre widening to 4 lanes Milham Avenue from Lovers lane to Portage widening to 4 lanes Centre A venue from Portage to Westnedge widening to 5 lanes Lovers Lane from Milham to 1-94 widening to 4 lanes Lovers Lane from 1-94 to Kilgore widening to 4 lanes including 1-94 bridge Kilgore Road from Oakland to Westnedge widening to 3 lanes (City of Kalamazoo) Kilgore Road from Lovers Lane to Kilgore by-pass (west of Portage Road) widening to 4 lanes Shaver Road from Centre to Vanderbilt widening to 4 lane boulevard section Milham Avenue from Oakland to 12th Street widening to 4 lanes over US 131 Mall Drive from Constitution to Westnedge widening to 4 and 5 lanes Romence Road Parkway extension from Lovers Lane to Portage as 4 lanes Sprinkle Road from Centre to Nash Avenue widening to 4 and 5 lanes (KCRC) Milham Avenue from Oakland Drive to Constitution Boulevard widening to 5 lanes Milham Avenue from South Westnedge to Lovers Lane widening to 5 lanes Portage Road from East Centre to Lakeview widening to 5 lanes According to KATS, the planned "capacity preservation" projects to the year 2015 include: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Milham Avenue at Newport Road add left-tum lane on Milham Avenue and signalize Various safety/operational projects Shaver Road from Vanderbilt Avenue to south city limits reconstruct as a 2-lane roadway Shaver Road at Oakland Drive realignment of Oakland Drive intersection Osterhout Avenue from Shaver Road to Portage Road as a 2-lane reconstruction Schuring Road from Timbercreek Drive to Oakland Drive as a 2-lane reconstruction Bacon Avenue from Westnedge Avenue to Portage Road as a 2-lane reconstruction Romence Road from Angling Road to Oakland Drive as a 2-lane reconstruction Romence Road from Oakland Drive to Westnedge Avenue as a 3-lane/4-lane reconstruction Angling Road from Romence Road to Milham Avenue as a 2-lane reconstruction Bishop Avenue from Sprinkle Road to east city limits as a 2-lane reconstruction 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE 9-18 �r f r r 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23 . 24. Centre Avenue from Shaver Road to Oakland Drive as a 5-lane reconstruction Centre Avenue from Westnedge Avenue to Shaver Road as 5-lane reconstruction Constitution Boulevard from Milham Avenue to Romence Road as a 4-lane reconstruction East Shore Drive from Nash Avenue to Mandigo Avenue as a 2-lane reconstruction Garden Lane from Westnedge Avenue to Lovers Lane as a 2-lane reconstruction Garden Lane at Portage Creek replace culvert with precast arch bridge Kilgore Road from Westnedge Avenue to Lovers Lane as a 4-lane reconstruction Nash Avenue from East Shore Drive to Sprinkle Road as a 2-lane reconstruction Oakland Drive from Portage Creek to Shaver Road as a 2-lane reconstruction Oakland Drive from Centre Avenue to Portage Creek as a 2-lane reconstruction Oakland Drive from Shaver Road to Osterhout Avenue as a 2-lane reconstruction Angling Road from Centre Avenue to Romence Road as a 2-lane reconstruction Moorsbridge Road from Romence Road to Centre Avenue as a 2-lane boulevard reconstruction 25. Romence Road Parkway from Westnedge Avenue to Lovers Lane as a 4-lane boulevard reconstruction 26. Westnedge Avenue from Melody Avenue to Centre Avenue as a 2-lane reconstruction 27. Vanderbilt Avenue from Shaver Road to Angling Road as a 2-lane reconstruction According to KATS, the unfunded "capacity expansion" projects were: f f f f f r r r ,,. ,,. 1. 2. 1-94 from 9th Street to 35th Street widening from 4 lanes to 6 lanes. Westnedge Avenue from Kilgore to Shaver widening to 7 lanes throughout. Other unfunded "capacity preservation" projects were: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Oakland Drive from 1-94 to Kilgore as a 4-lane reconstruction. Oakland Drive from 1-94 to Milham Avenue as a 4-lane/5-lane reconstruction Kilgore Road realignment at Westnedge Avenue Mandigo Avenue from Portage Road to East Shore Drive as a 2-lane reconstruction Vincent Avenue from Angling Road to Oakland Drive as a 2-lane reconstruction Lovers Lane/Forest Drive from Centre Avenue to Portage Road as a 2-lane reconstruction Gladys/Newport Road from Westnedge Avenue to Milham Avenue as a 2-lane/3-lane reconstruction Angling Road from Vanderbilt Avenue to Centre Avenue as a 2-lane reconstruction Angling Road from Vincent Avenue to north city limits as a 2-lane reconstruction Shaver Road from Westnedge Avenue to Centre Avenue as a 5-lane reconstruction Westnedge Avenue from Crockett Avenue to South Shore Drive as a 2-lane reconstruction Bishop Avenue from Portage Road to Sprinkle Road as a 3-lane/4-lane reconstruction Westnedge Avenue from Shaver Road to Centre Avenue as a 4-lane reconstruction Lovers Lane from Milham Avenue to Centre Avenue as a 4-Jane reconstruction. Based on the programmed "capacity expansion" projects (i.e., future thoroughfare improvements per Table 9-3) and year 2015 traffic volumes, Westnedge Avenue from Andy Avenue to Milham Avenue will remain the only facility "over capacity" (i.e., a volume-to-capacity ratio over 1.2). Based on the future thoroughfare improvements, the following facilities will continue to operate "at capacity" (i.e., volume-to-capacity ratio 1.0 to 1.2): • • • Oakland Drive from I-94 to Milham Avenue. Portage Road from Kilgore Road to Milham Avenue. Bishop Avenue from Portage Road to Sprinkle Road. l 999 MAIOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE 9-19 �r Based on the programmed "capacity expansion" projects, the following facilities will continue to "approach capacity" (i.e., volume-to-capacity ratio 0.90 to 0.99): • • • • • • • f r f r r r f r r r r r r I ,. ,.. ,. Westnedge Avenue from Kilgore Road to Andy Avenue. Westnedge Av{:nue from Milham Avenue to Mall Drive. Oakland Drive from Kilgore Road to 1-94. Sprinkle Road from Meredith Street to Milham Avenue. Centre Avenue from 12th Street to Oakland Drive. Centre Avenue from Portage Road to Sprinkle Road. Kilgore Road from Oakland Drive to Westnedge Avenue. In view of the lack of funded "capacity expansion" projects for Westnedge Avenue (particularly from Andy Avenue through the 1-94 interchange to Milham Avenue), the completion of funded improvements to Oakland Drive and to the Romence Road Parkway extension are essential to relieve the Westnedge A venue corridor. Moreover, when funding is found for the reconstruction of the 1-94/Westnedge Avenue interchange, appropriate improvements should be funded along Westnedge Avenue from Andy Avenue to Milham Avenue. In the case of capacity problems along Oakland Drive from Kilgore Road through the 1-94 interchange to Milham Avenue (where no funded capacity expansion projects are proposed), access control to abutting properties is crucial to minimize left-turns that reduce the carrying capacity of this roadway. 4. Major Street Corridors A review of land use characteristics along major streets and roadway characteristics within the community was made to formulate methods to properly plan for the development and redevelopment of land along major streets in a way which will beneficially affect land use activities within and adjacent to the corridor and to ensure that the major street can effectively provide for traffic mobility. This leads to a rationale for access management to preserve the functional capacity of major thoroughfares that further elaborates the access control concepts of Table 9-1. a. Corridor Definition A corridor is defined as the street, sidewalks and land extending from building face to building face : • • • The public street, or the area which is within the curb lines; The public lawn extension, or the area and elements between the back of the road curb and the limits of the public right-of-way (ROW); The private frontage, or the area and elements contained within the front yard which extends from the ROW line to the building facade. There is also a "zone of influence" that affects the corridor. The "zone of influence" extends beyond these physical boundaries and encompasses properties on adjacent streets which may front, side or have common rear yards to the "corridor." The major thoroughfare corridors within the City of Portage can be viewed as bisecting or crossing the community. The major streets cross through various land uses, and a range of conditions. The major thoroughfare corridors are at the same time static and dynamic. A street can be examined for problems that arise at any one location, such as a curb cut, or the street can be examined for the difficulties of moving along street segments from Point A to Point B. The street may also be the boundary where different land uses meet. The corridors constitute the "face" or the way that land uses are presented to motorists. The traveler moving along the street often encounters diverse land uses and a range of physical characteristics. The range extends from the tree-lined residential street with sidewalks and lawn extension and little cross traffic to commercial areas with signs, parking, traffic controls, and many cars and turning movements. Research and industrial land uses usually fall between those two extremes of land use intensity. Schools and parks can be about 1999 MAIOR TuOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE 9-20 �i as intense as residential uses. In some instances, concerns associated with land use intensity are due to peak hour traffic rather than to general congestion. b. 1r Corridor Designation The major thoroughfare corridors can be described by the use of three categories. Some corridors can be placed within one category. Other corridors exhibit varying characteristics and may change from one category along one segment to another category along another segment. The category used to identify the major thoroughfare corridor or segment thereof is particularly important in identifying and programming planned actions to address the problems within the corridor. For the purpose of this section on planning concepts, there are three major thoroughfare corridors. The categories are: RESIDENTIAL CONSERVATION CORRIDORS, PRESERVATION CORRIDORS, and CORRECTION CORRIDORS. (Figure 9-4.) As defined, "Residential Conservation Corridors" are streets that are often residential in character and have neither felt the pressure for nor the impact of land use changes. In effect, they are corridors with land use consistency and relatively low levels of activity/intensity. The streets in this category are of a quality that should be conserved, for what exists should be maintained and enhanced. Opportunities to do so should be aggressively pursued. Improvements to these corridors should complement the adjoining residential area and include landscaping and appurtenances (street signs, lighting, etc.) that reflect the residential neighborhood. Land use or other changes which would alter the current balance of activity and/or physical characteristics by increasing the intensity of use should be strongly discouraged. f f f f r r r r r .,. Some of these Residential Conservation Corridors have, however, experienced increases in traffic to a point where some roadway improvements are necessary to improve traffic flow and safety within the corridor. In order to ensure the residential character is preserved, roadways improvements should be limited to the following geometrics: • • • Maximum number of lanes: 3 Maximum pavement width: 44 feet a) Two, 11 foot wide through lanes b) Twelve foot wide left-hand turn lane c) Five foot wide bikeway on both sides of the roadway Five foot wide sidewalk on both sides of the roadway "Preservation Corridors" are streets which pass through areas that are not yet developed, or where there exists potential for significant redevelopment. Additionally, Romence Road Parkway, Constitution Boulevard and West Centre Avenue between South 12th Street and Oakland Drive are designated as limited access boulevards. These parcels should be reviewed with an eye toward preventing the land use and thoroughfare conflicts and problems by carefully applying ordinances that are either now in place, or those which might be adopted by the City Council. Streets in this category have the opportunity to contribute positively to a well coordinated transportation system in a setting consistent with the Portage community. Access control to preserve the carrying capacity of the street should be developed. Proposals for new development or conversion from one land use to another should therefore be carefully evaluated. Finally, "Correction Corridors" can be identified where a street is bounded primarily by commercial and/or industrial uses. This is especially so where development has occurred over a period of many years, using subdivision and zoning ordinances and site planning and design standards from the past. Streets included in this category reflect the conditions of complexity with confusion, traffic congestion, intensive activity and/or an incomplete transportation network. These corridors are in need of multiple actions to correct conditions existing today, conditions which are the cumulative results of change occurring over time. Corrective actions can include access control, landscaping, elimination of existing curb openings, development of marginal access streets, signage control, pedestrian improvements and so forth. Corrective actions require considerable time, education and effort and can be costly to implement. I 999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - ST ATUS UPDATE 9-21 �• • - COMPREHENSIVE PLAN - FIGURE 9-4 - MAJOR TRAVEL CORRIDORS l 11 ' I !~~:nil- --------- -t- -- -' I -••-••-• a: a Vl = 3500 / RESIDENTIAL CONSERVATION CORRIDOR CORRECTION CORRIDOR X 0 ZYLHAN U PRESERVATION CORRIDOR - - LIMITED ACCESS BOULEVARDS - - -I - - - \ __ J ___ _ ' I 0 ROMENCE ROAD PARKWAY ° CONSTITUTION BOULEVARD 0 WEST CENTRE AVENUE BETWEEN SOUTH 12TH STREET AND OAKLAND DRIVE JANUARY 22,1999 �r C. r r BIKEWAY AND WALKWAY PLANS Toe Walkway and Bikeway Plans are designed to provide for a safe and efficient pedestrian/non-motorized circulation system throtighout the City of Portage. It is intended that the system be developed through the implementation of these plans to provide a City-wide link between residential concentrations and public and private activity areas. Toe plans represent a program from which activities can be scheduled and specific projects initiated. A complete update of the Walkway and Bikeway Plans is scheduled for FY1999-2000. Toe Bikeway and Walkway Plans serve as a guide to the programming and implementation of projects which address non-motorized transportation services within the City of Portage. Toward this end, the Bikeway and Walkway Plans are used during development of the city Capital Improvement Program (CIP). Walkway Plan Toe primary walkway system has been designed along selected major and collector thoroughfares. Because areas supporting larger traffic volumes and roadway speeds are likely to generate a greater amount of pedestrian use, walkways have been designed to provide safe movement of pedestrians along major thoroughfares. It is intended that a secondary walkway system be developed and connected to the primary system as linkages are created. The secondary system will be required within residential, commercial or industrial developments and will be constructed as these developments occur. Toe Walkway Plan is intended to provide guidelines for the development of the primary and secondary system, functionally utilizing the existing walkways while providing for the development of new links during the construction of new roadways or reconstruction of existing roadways. Toe walkway system is also integrated with multi-use hard-surface trails used by pedestrians and bicyclists alike. Toe Walkway Plan establishes design criteria to provide continuity. Primary walkway facilities include: l T i ! 1 1 • Walkway - A 5-foot wide concrete surface along one or both sides of a public street for the purpose of providing for pedestrian circulation. Walkways are normally separated from the street by a distance of 10' or more. • Multi-use Trail - A 8-12-foot wide asphalt or concrete surface within a park or public space or along a public street for the purpose of providing for non-motorized circulation. Toe Walkway Plan, shown in Figure 9-5, will be implemented in several ways: • Subdivision Regulations - Toe proprietor of the subdivision is charged with constructing primary and secondary walkways within the proposed subdivision in accordance with regulatory requirements. Five-foot wide "primary" walkways must be constructed along major streets, generally along the exterior of the subdivision. Four-foot wide "secondary" walkways on the interior of the subdivisions are also required in certain instances. Toe walkways generally will be required along one side of the street within public street right-ofway. • Zoning Code - During the site plan review and approval process, the Planning Commission requires "primary" and "secondary" walkways as deemed necessary to facilitate pedestrian circulation. The walkways are required to ensure conformance with the Walkway Plan. • Capital Improvement Program - Appropriate segments of the primary walkway system along major streets will be programmed in the Ten-Year CIP. As major street improvement projects are programmed, walkways indicated in the Walkway Plan will be programmed as 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE 9-23 �I - COMPREHENSIVE PLAN - FIGURE 9-5 WALKWAY PLAN l - - = 3500 / f CEMETERIES FIRE STATIONS ■ MUNICIPAL BUILDINGS PARKS EXISTING WALKWAY - - - - - - - PROPOSED WALKWAY ' I ' t---...i+""...,_~ ~---~,,~~~FQrllllllQ;mJ - - 11 0 I r -- -- A -- -' - I - I -----' I __ j' ___ _ ' I ' ' -- -_:~r_ - -=- JANUARY 22,1999 �l r I part of street projects. According to State of Michigan guidelines, 1 percent of the Act 51 money received must be allocated toward non-motorized transportation. Act 51 funds will be designated on an annual basis toward projects to implement this Action Plan. I r r I r r r r r r r ,,. • Special Assessment Process - Walkways may be petitioned by local residents. When this occurs, the petition will be reviewed during the annual CIP process, as applicable. In addition to the development of primary and secondary walkways, in areas where there is an excessively high incidence of pedestrian and vehicular traffic interface, consideration will be given to additional measures to ensure pedestrian safety. Examples include improving signalization and the provision of crossings, with. the possible establishment of pedestrian overpasses or underpasses, as necessary. 2. Bikeway Plan The development of a system of bikeways throughout the community is intended to encourage safe, economical, non-motorized alternative modes of transportation. The bikeway system uses appropriate city streets, and includes two-way bike trails designed to interconnect users with schools, parks, businesses and other activity centers. The Bikeway Plan appears in Figure 9-6. Where walkways and bikeways coincide, multi-use paths may be developed. In order to uniformly identify the variety of non-motorized bikeway facilities and to facilitate scheduling of projects to implement the Bicycle Plan, the following concepts are defined according to the Michigan Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices: • Bicycle Route - A series of connecting bikeways forming a "loop" as designated by appropriate route markers and by the jurisdiction having authority. • Bikeway - Any paved facility which is specifically intended for bicycle travel, regardless of whether such facility is designated for the exclusive use of bicycles or is to be shared with other transportation modes. a. Bicycle Trail - A separate trail or path (8 to 12 feet wide with a bituminous surface) from which motor vehicles are prohibited and which is for the exclusive use of bicycles or the shared use of bicycles and pedestrians. Where such trail or path is adjacent to a highway, it is separated from motor vehicle traffic by an open space or barrier. b. Designated Bicycle Lane - A portion of a roadway designated for exclusive use by bicyclists. It is distinguished from the portion of the roadway for motor vehicle traffic by paint stripes, signing or other similar device. The bike lane is 6 to 8 feet wide with a bituminous surface. c. Paved Shoulder Bikeway - A paved shoulder (4 to 6 feet wide) adjacent to the travel lane intended primarily for use by bicyclists but also available for emergency use by motor vehicles. It is distinguished from the portion of roadway for motor vehicle traffic by paint striping and signage. Recommended minimum design criteria for bicycle lanes and bicycle paths appear in Table 9-5 . The Bikeway Plan, as shown in Figure 9-6, may be implemented in several ways: Capital Improvement Program - Appropriate bike facilities may be annually programmed in the Ten-Year CIP. To realize cost savings and efficiencies, the bicycle facilities should be programmed, where possible, with street and public utility projects. According to State of Michigan guidelines, 1 percent of the Act 51 money received by the 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE 9-25 �i i City must be allocated toward non-motorized transportation. Act 51 funds will be designated on an annual basis toward projects to implement this Action Plan. Table 9-5 MINIMUM BIKEWAY WIDTHS Minimum Bicycle Lane Widths (ft.) on Each Side of Roadway 1 i Traffic Speed Urban Section Less than or equal to 35 mph Exceed 35 mph Note: 4 Rural Section (b) (a) 4 6 (•) 6 (a) May be reduced by one foot if continuous gutter section is appropriate for bicycles. (b) Plus 2-foot graded shoulder on each side. MINIMuM BIKEWAY WIDTHS l Minimum Bike Path Width (ft.) Two-way bikeway Two-way bikeway/pedestrian way 10 (c) 12 (c) (c) Plus 2-foot graded shoulder on each side. Source: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Bikeway Guidelines and Selecting Roadway Design Treatments to Accommodate Bicycles, Federal Highway Administration. r r .... • Transportation Enhancement Activity Fund - The Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) will yearly accept reimbursement proposals for Transportation Enhancement Activity (TEA) funds through 2003. The city will coordinate proposals applicable to bikeway projects as part of the Capital Improvement Program. • Annual Budget Process - In the annual operating budget process, the programming of planned bikeway facilities will be accomplished in conjunction with scheduled shoulder and strip-paving projects. • Kalamazoo Area Transportation Improvement Plan - Development of bicycle facilities in conjunction with improvements to County roads should be monitored. The Kalamazoo County Road Commission should be encouraged to incorporate facilities into street/roadway projects, as appropriate. • Grants - Relevant grant applications will be pursued for projects where identified bikeways and sidewalks can be incorporated. The Portage Creek Bicentennial Park development program is a key example of where grants can help in the implementation of the walkway and bicycle projects. 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE 9-26 �• - • • COMPREHENSIVE PLAN • • • FIGURE 9-6 BIKEWAY PLAN l -.. f ■ • --• er 0 1/) ~ ~ ----F-F=~ 71 - X 0 u_.,..__....~ ' 7) ---J_ _ _ _ - - - -' - \ ' I ' I -~'=-t~~ ~ ~ , --,---- ; a ._,,,-=-=~ I ' LAKE Al.lSTr __ J' ___ _ I I ------- 11 =3500' CEMETERIES FIRE STATIONS MUNICIPAL BUILOINGSP & SCHOOLS PARKS EXISTING BIKEWAY PROPOSED BIKEWAY �r D. 1 r 1 T T T T T T BUS The City of Portage is provided with an inter-city and limited intra-city bus service by Rapid Transit Cab under a contract with Kalamazoo Metro Transit. As shown in Figure 9-7, three Metro Transit fixed-route/fixed-schedule bus routes are currently operated within the City: • Route 1: Westnedge--This radial local route runs along Westnedge Avenue from downtown Kalamazoo to the Crossroads Mall for 13 hours during the weekdays on 30-minute headways and for 10 hours during Saturdays on 30-minute headways. • Route 4: Oakland--This local radial route runs from downtown Kalamazoo to the Crossroads Mall and provides hourly service for 12 hours on weekdays and 8 hours on Saturdays. • Route 12: Bronson --This circulator route covers the area from Bronson Avenue to Sprinkle Road between Bishop Road and Kilgore Road; and provides hourly service on weekdays for 11 hours and on Saturdays for 7 hours. The location of these transit routes is a consideration in the provision of walkways along and to streets served by transit. In addition, Kalamazoo County provides a Care-a-Van service. This carrier provides curb-to-curb service for elderly and handicapped persons residing in Portage to destinations within the city or the Kalamazoo downtown area. E. RAIL Conrail operates two railroad tracks running north-south, one through the City, the other serving the industrial area between Portage Street and Sprinkle Road. These facilities provide freight service in the area. AMTRAK provides passenger service to the larger metropolitan region with eight trains in and out of Kalamazoo daily to and from Detroit, Chicago and Port Huron. F. AIR Kalamazoo/Battle Creek International Airport provides the area with air-carrier and charter passenger services as well as air cargo services. The Austin Lake Airport is a private aviation facility in the City of Portage. 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE 9-28 �- - COMPREHENSIVE PLAN - - FIGURE 9: 7 TRANSIT ROUTES -----1 - 00000000000 ' I - r,- ' I ' I - - -1 --t-- ' I 131 ~ ------ l 11 = 3500 / ROUTE 1 : WESTNEDGE ROUTE 4: OAKLAND ROUTE 12: BRONSON --- -- !--- ~ I ' I ,tn11.. ... I I I , I , I ' MT(N Ll'<E __ J' ___ _ ------1-----,1 I I ' - :c ---- = L- ----- JANUARY 22, 1999 �I I r r r r r r r r , ,~ ~ ' A. CHAPTER 10: UTILITY INFRASTRUCTURE INTRODUCTION In addition to the roadway system, the utility systems are significant capital investments influencing preservation, revitalization, and expansion of development within a community. In addition to serving the utility needs of existing and new development, the utility systems also play a role in protecting the environment, improving water quality, protecting the public from environmental hazards, and preserving open space along its rights-of-way and easements. This chapter addresses the public water, sanitary sewer and drainage systems. B. PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM 1. Introduction The need for public water supply is governed by considerations of health and safety. Public water supplies are generally demanded when densities increase to the extent that it is no longer possible, due to the possibility of contamination, to provide both on-site water supply and on-site sewage disposal. The other primary factor necessitating a public water supply is the need for a reliable high pressure water system for fire fighting purposes. In Portage, water tables are sufficiently close to the surface and infiltration rates are sufficiently great so as to ensure r r r r r r r recharge with a minimum of drawdown. As such, ground water is the source of all water consumed, domestically and for other purposes, in the Portage area. The three elements of any water system are supply, distribution and storage. The following sections detail Portage system characteristics in these areas. 2. Service Area/Supply The City of Portage water service area essentially extends to the corporate limits of the City, with the exception of the areas north and south of I-94 along Portage and 12th Street areas, which is serviced by the City of Kalamazoo. The general hydrology of Portage is such that surface drainage of the area flows into two distinct large drainage basins -- the Kalamazoo River Basin and the St. Joseph (of Lake Michigan) River Basin (see Figure 10-1). The drainage divide traverses the City in roughly an east-west line. Areas situated north of this divide are tributary to Portage Creek, flowing to the Kalamazoo River. The southerly portion of the City flows to Gourdneck Creek which is a tributary of the St. Joseph River Basin. The average annual rain fall of nine inches generates in excess of 156 million gallons per square mile per year. This groundwater is tapped by the City through 22 wells in 11 well fields with a capacity of 27 million gallons per day (18,700 gallons per minute). Based on a ratio of maximum daily demand to average daily demand of three-to-one over the past five years, development generating an average daily demand of 9 million gallons can be supported by the present well field system. In the year 1990, the average daily demand for commercial and industrial uses connected to the municipal system was 1.04 million gallons per day, and had grown at a compound annual rate of about 4 .89 percent. Thus, the average commercial and industrial demand PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 10-1 �- - - COMPREHENSIVE PLAN - - Figure 10:1 Water Shed 1"=3500' t - Watershed Boundary - - - - Source: Comprehensive Plan : Natu ral Resources ; City of Portage; August, 1991 . [ 0-2 - �i ..... i I l = l --7 for the year 2015 is forecasted to be 3.43 million gallons per day. In the year 1990, only 52 percent of the 41,042 residents were connected to the public water supply, and consumed an average of 3.07 million gallons per day (based on 144 gallons per capita). Assuming an annual increase of 1.5 percent in the total resident population connected to the public water supply, 89.5 percent of the year 2015 population of 49,269 (The 1994 Water Utility Infrastructure Analysis Program used a year 2015 projection of 49,471 persons.) would be served by the public water supply; thus, the forecasted residential 'public water consumption in the year 2015 is 6.35 million gallons per day. The combination of the commercial/industrial and residential water demand projected is 9.78 million gallons per day in the year 2015 -- very close to the present average daily well supply capacity (which includes a factor of 3 for maximum days). 3. Distribution The water distribution system was inherited from the Township, originally consisting of a series of subdivision systems on isolated wells. As the City developed it became expedient to join the various independent systems together to serve new developments. This resulted in a minimum of transmission mains, and produced a network made up of many undersized mains that did not adequately distribute water during peak periods. Most efforts have gone toward expansion of the existing system. It has only been in recent years that the necessity for cross connecting and strengthening existing mains has become apparent. By the year 1994, 109.9 miles of water mains were in place in Portage, serving an estimated 70% of the City's population. Figure I 0-2 depicts the City water distribution system as of the fall of 1995. 4. i' Required storage volume for the City of Portage is the theoretical volume required over and above maximum daily demand . This volume is calculated as the difference between fire capacity and hourly demand, totaled for a 24-hour period which includes a maximum daily flow condition combined with fire flow. The present water storage volume is 2.25 million gallons in two elevated tanks of 0.75 and 1.5 million gallons. In the year 2015, the forecasted water storage need is 5.13 million gallons. 5. 1 l'I Water Storage Public Water System Improvements From the Water Utility Infrastructure Analysis Program (Snell Environmental Group, Inc.; November 7, 1994), the recommended public water system improvements include: • The construction of four new water wells in three well fields . (Three of the new wells are proposed by the year 2015, and a fourth well is proposed in the year 2016. The City may abandon the two Lexington wells.) • The installation of additional stand-by power generators at one or more well fields to deliver an average day demand in the event of a power failure . • The conversion of the chlorine disinfection system to sodium hypochlorite at eight sites to reduce the risk of chlorine gas leakage. • The construction of an iron and manganese removal plants at the Shuman well site and proposed Commercial well. The replacement of several existing water mains with larger mains to maintain water pressure during high demand periods. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) f 10-3 �COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Figure 10:2 Water Distribution System 1"=3500' Water Distribution Mains - - Source: City of Portage; September, 1995. 10-4 �-, -, I • The construction of new water mains to reinforce the pressure of the existing system while serving new development. • The construction of three new water storage tanks as system demand increases. • The construction of water mains in selected areas to eliminate dead end lines. • The increase of discharge pressure of selected well pumps to ensure adequate pressure during high demand periods. • The installation of pressure switches on existing well field pumps. Table I 0-1 summarizes $22 million in major water system improvements to the year 2020. C. -, l SANITARY SEWER SYSTEM The first stage of a Master Plan for sanitary sewers began in 1969 and 1970 with the construction of three interceptors of 25 miles: • The Davis Creek interceptor serving the eastern portion of the City plus portions of Pavilion Township. • The Portage Creek interceptor serving the central portion of the City. • The West Fork Branch interceptor serving southern Kalamazoo and a small portion of Portage north of the I-94 expressway. 7 7 When ground was broken for the 87-mile Federal Water Quality Act Section 201 Wastewater Facilities sanitary sewer construction program in 1978, the Portage sewer system served 1,415 homes and businesses. Upon completion of the 201 program, the Portage sewer system served an additional 10,023 homes and businesses. Since the 201 Program, generally sewer expansion projects have occurred on a petition basis (some areas based on groundwater protection). The existing sanitary sewer system as of the fall of 1995 appears in Figure 10-3. The number of future expansion projects to be undertaken each year will depend upon the project magnitude and funding availability. In general, remaining unserved developed residential areas are expected to obtain sewer facilities through the petition process. , , By guiding development to serviced areas of the community, the need for premature sanitary sewer extension can be avoided and priority can be given to the provision of sewer facilities to the City's industrial corridors. Vacant industrially zoned land along the Shaver Road and Sprinkle Road corridors would greatly enhance the industrial development potential of these areas. Increasing the marketability of this land as such would act to promote additional industrial development and expansion, increasing employment opportunities and the future tax base for the City at large. At the present time, all sewage is treated at a regional facility in the City of Kalamazoo. The capacity of the City of Kalamazoo regional wastewater treatment plant is sufficient to accommodate growth, and no plans exist for Portage to develop its own facility . l l l = 1 PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER Pl.AN REPORT (FINAL) 10-5 �Table 10-1 CITY OF PORTAGE WATER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS: 1995-2020 • i I. 2. 3. 4. --, .., l 7 l , , l 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25 . 26. 27 . 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. Project Number/fitle New 12" water main on Vincent and Oakland New 16" water main on Old Centre New 16" water main on Ramona from Lovers Lane to Portage Road and Portage Road from Ramona to Winters Drive Enlarge existing/install new 16" water mains on Bishop Avenue and Portage Road from Bishop to Ramona Enlarge existing/install new 16" water mains on East Milham from Sprinkle Road to east city limits Enlarge existing/install new 16" water mains on East Centre from Sprinkle Road to east city limits Enlarge water main to 20" on Daventry, Cypress and Ridgefield Construct Shuman well field treatment plant New 12" water main on Zylman New 12" water main on Cox Drive New 20" water main on Sprinkle Road from Wells Avenue to Nash Avenue Enlarge water main on Sprinkle Road to 16" from Wells to Centre and 12" from Centre to Tiffany Enlarge water main on Oakland to 20" from Shaver to Vanderbilt Construct 1.5 MG storage facility (2002) Construct 1.5 MG storage facility (2005) New 16" water main on Portage Road from Centre to Bishop New 16" water main on Nash A venue from Sprinkle to East Shore Drive New water main on Portage Road., Mandigo, E. Shore Drive and Andrew New 20" water main on Angling from Centre to Vanderbilt New 12" water main west ofUS-131 from Milham to Romence Enlarge water main to 20" on Angling from Centre to Coachlight Construct proposed Commercial well field Construct additional well at Commercial well field Construct Commercial well field treatment plant New water main on Oakland New water main on Shaver Road Construct proposed Ramona well field Increase discharge pressure of wells pumps Installation of additional generator(s) New 16" water main on Vanderbilt from Angling to Oakland Construct 0.75 MG storage facility Construct proposed well in the City's southwest quadrant Total Project Expenditures (x $1000) Total 440 325 565 770 210 210 220 2,765 400 250 590 585 365 2,085 2,085 410 125 1,170 435 485 905 155 155 2,765 560 110 155 135 50 905 1,115 505 22,005 Source: "Water Infrastructure Analysis Program"; Portage, Michigan; 1994. l 1 - - - - - : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -10-6PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 1 �COMPREHENSIVE PLAN - Figure 10:3 - ev - - Sanitary Sewer System 1"=3500' Sanitary Sewer Mains ! - MANDIGO Source: City of Portage; September, 1995. 10-7 �ii D. DRAINAGE SYSTEM Recognizing the importance between stormwater runoff and pollution of water resources, the City of Portage has acted to protect residents from the adverse effects of nonpoint source pollution through an extensive stormwater management program embodied in the City Stormwater Master Plan. The Stormwater Master Plan is designed to maximize the protection c,f groundwater and surface water resources in the City of Portage. The following strategies have been implemented: • The establishment of risk zones based on EPA land use guidelines and wellhead protection criteria. • The identification of a plan for the best management of stormwater runoff. Key guidelines include: Continuing to maximize infiltration of stormwater to promote groundwater recharge. For those areas located within the five-year time of travel limits for a municipal well field (as defined in the City's Wellhead Protection Area Delineation), or for a land use that has been designated a high risk in regard to groundwater contamination, discharge stormwater to a surface water body where possible, utilizing detention and pretreatment consistent with state-of-the-art practices. • 1. Sixty-two projects for the expansion as well as enhancement of the existing storm sewer system on the basis of risk assessment defining the appropriate stormwater disposal method for the maximum protection of groundwater and surface waters. Projects with the highest benefit and most crucial in the way of pollutant prevention were selected, prioritized, and included in a ten-year stormwater capital improvement plan with cost estimates (described below). Well Head Protection As shown in Figure 10-4, the City is divided into three risk-zones, A, B and C, based on the probability of groundwater contamination impacting a municipal well field. The Wellhead Protection Area Delineation study, completed in 1992, is used to define the limits of each zone. Zone A: Areas located within the five-year time of travel limits for individual municipal well fields. Zone B: Areas located within the general zone of contribution of municipal well fields. Zone C: Areas located outside of the zone of contribution of municipal well fields. Zoning districts and land uses throughout the City are rated as high or low risk for groundwater contamination. A high risk designation is applied to zoning districts and land uses typically allowing activities that include the use and need for disposal of hazardous substances in quantities exceeding 100 kilograms per month. The EPA list of operations that pose potential threats to groundwater was used as the basis for this categorization. Table 10-2 indicates which zoning districts and land uses are determined to be high risk. T T PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 10-8 �.,. .,. . . . . SE LEGEND ... ... .,. 0 INFILTRATION BASIN <tj> NATURAL RECHARGE BASIN "¼( PORTAGE WELL FIELD * KALAMAZOO WELL FIELD ......____.. SURFACE WATER DIVIDE - - - CORPORATE LIMIT 'l X $ S[C170N NUMBER 0 c::;;; I-- ZONE A Cl:'.: 0 z ZONE 8 · I ZONE C RISK ZONE DESICNA TION MAP SCALE: 7" = 5000' PROJECT NO. fishbeck, thompson, carr & huber engineers • scientists• architects Ado • Lansing "' SECTION LIN[ 92247 STORMWA TER DESIGN CRITERIA MANUAL Figure 10-4 City of Portage, Michigan 10-9 �.... Table 10-2 RISK DESIGNATIONS • ... Zone A Zones Band C Hh?h Risk Low Risk All zoning districts Commercial (local, community, general and planned) B-1 , B-2, B-3, CPD, commercial portion of PUD None Residential (low, medium, and high density) R-IA, R-lB, R-IC, R-ID, R-lT, RM-I, RM-2, residential portion of PUD Industrial (general) 1-1, I-2, any industrial in PUD, and high-technology and research uses in the OS-2 Expressway service districts ES Community facilities (including public services, fire and police departments, public transportation facilities, vocational shops, research parks [RC], landfills) Transportation corridors (including state trunkline, major arterial, and minor arterial roadways Commercial (office) OS- I, office portion of PUD, OS-2 excluding high-technology and research uses Community facilities (including city hall , library, service center, schools) Recreation/open space (including parks and cemeteries) Transportation corridors (including collector and City local roadways) Rail Yards 2. Best Management Practices for Stormwater Runoff Four general stormwater strategies were derived from the findings of the stormwater management review: . • • • • Treatment and infiltration. Infiltration only . Storage, treatment, and surface water discharge. Storage and surface water discharge. Treatment refers to the planned use of natural and man-made mechanisms to purify stormwater through settling out solids, separation and capture of oil and grease, adsorption of particulates, and uptake of dissolved solids. .... Each strategy is applied consistent with the principal of maximizing infiltration except where high risk land use or proximity to a municipal well field or lake is cause for a surface water discharge. Treatment is required prior to infiltration or surface water discharge for high-risk areas. In Zones A and B, a surface water outlet is recommended when available . Treatment is not required for low-risk areas. Infiltration is the preferred choice. 3. i i Drainage Improvements A series of 62 stormwater basin projects are recommended from the Stormwater Master Plan (Fishbeck, Thompson, Carr & Huber Engineers; December 1994). The primary projects appear in Table 10-3. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 10-10 �Table 10-3 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT CAPITAL PROJECTS (FISCAL YEAR 1996 THROUGH 2005) --. - "ii Master Planning Project Number IO 34 50 9 37 22 52 49 23 61 62 26 17 60 47 39 13 15 16 19 20 41 5 42 51 58 59 6 18 24 25 30 8 4 40 45 t Brief DescriI?tion * * * * * * * * * * * Vincent A venue Bishop A venue Schuring Road detention basin & Schuring Drain Idaho A venue Infiltration Basin No. 34 & Arborcrest Infiltration Basin No. 7 Lake disconnects at Portage Rd . and Austin Dr. Lake Disconnects at John St. Infiltration Basin No. 11 Lake disconnects at Sudan St. Lake disconnects at Woody Knool Dr. Infiltration Basin No. 20 Infiltration Basin No. 8 Lake disconnects at Westnedge Lake disconnects at Barberry Ave. Shaver Rd. and Centre Ave. Infiltration Basin No. 4 Downing St., Milham Ave., and US-131 Milham Ave. Milham Ave. Infiltration Basin No. 5 Romence Rd. Lovers Ln., 1-94, and Winters Dr. Romence Rd. and Oakland Dr. Cox Dr. and Centre Ave. Shaver Rd. and Rolling Hills Ave. Rolling Hills Ave. Milham Ave. Infiltration Basin No. IO Tattersall Rd., Rothbury & Amberly Sts., Radcliff Ave. Cypress & Evergreen Sts., Tattersall & Ridgefield Rds. Ramona Ave. detention basin Outer Dr. Creek disconnects at Woodmount and Circlewood Drs. Creek disconnects at Quail St. Creek disconnects at W oodview and Brookwood Drs. Private Projects Total "ii I I ... , Cost Estimate (in 1994 dollars) $1,275,000 809,000 464,000 1,618,000 93,000 37,000 37,000 12,000 37,000 12,500 12,500 673,000 37,000 48,000 199,000 867,000 342,000 463,000 1,055,000 208,000 772,000 752,000 629,000 1,326,000 58,000 509,000 60,000 1,187,000 23,000 1,160,000 552,000 85,000 55,000 49,000 13,000 117,000 630,000 $16,276,000 Notes: Asterisk identifies projects requiring land acquisition. Source: "Stormwater Master Plan"; City of Portage, 1994 . PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 10-11 �E. CONCLUSION Through the Capital Improvement Program, the City of Portage continues to program sanitary sewer, water facility and drainage improvements to support the overall development of the community and specific economic development initiatives. ,. I I PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 10-12 i ------- - - �~ I A. iii ,~ ' CHAPTER 11: COMMUNITY FACILITIES INTRODUCTION One of the most important determinants of a healthy community, as well as one of the principal factors establishing livability, is the quality of community facilities . The quality of school systems, recreational amenities, and other community services can often tip the balance of individual and corporate decision-making in selecting a community for business or residence. Figure 11-1 shows the community facilities such as the library, fire stations, police station, schools and parks. B. GENERAL GOVERNMENT FACILITIES I. Municipal Buildings The Portage City Hall is located in the triangle of land between Westnedge, Shaver and Centre Avenues. The building was built in 1988, replacing a structure at 7800 Shaver Road which was converted to the Police Annex . The building presently houses the offices of City Manager, Clerk, Community Development, Purchasing, Employee Development, Finance, Assessor, and Parks and Recreation . City Council and a variety of Board and Commission meetings are also held in this facility . At this time, the building is adequate to meet the needs of the City. Library 2. 'Ii . The Portage Public Library began in 1962 as a township library through the efforts of a group of interested citizens, "Friends of the Library, Inc." In 1963 the library was moved to a storefront building in Portage Plaza. On July 1, 1976, the new library building at 300 Library Lane opened its doors to the public. The library building recently received a major remodeling and expansion project to utilize both floors for service. An additional 12,892 total square feet has been added to the existing 17,000 square feet to meet increased demands for seating, library books and other materials. The library has increased its shelving to hold 189,000 items, double seating from 106 to 214 persons, expand adult and youth service areas, and retrofitted the building for computerization. The expanded building is able to handle 600,000 circulations per year and serve a population of 50,000. Thus, the size of the library is adequate to the year 2015. C. PUBLIC PROTECTION FACILITIES 1. Fire The City of Portage presently has three fire stations: 'ii"I 1 i • Station #1 (Central) at 7830 Shaver Road located in the City Centre Area at Shaver Road and South Westnedge Avenue. The building is 16,700 square feet in area on a l.7-acre parcel and was built in 1984. • Station #2 at 6101 Oakland Drive located in the northwest quadrant of the City on Oakland Drive south of West Milham Avenue. The building is 6,900 square feet in area on a three-acre parcel and was built in 1976. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE Pl.AN UPD ATE: M ASTER Pl.AN ( FINAL) 11 - 1 �- COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Figure 11: 1 Community Facilities 1"=3500' f • CEMETERIES MUNICIPAL BUILDINGS & SCHOOLS PARKS & NATURE PRESERVES PROPOSED FIRE STATION NO. 4 (GENERAL LOCATION) - STATE GAME AREA - VN<DERIII.T 31 i STATE GAl,IE AREA -1&]:~DSTERt!OUT========ir===v.. ,,; f .// f ~~ v=L.- \ I - $lA1"E G\ME IJf£A ~ '_JA ~ co..l.Al(E MAN0sCC �-. , I • Station #3 at 8503 Sprinkle Road located on South Sprinkle Road just south of Zylman. The building is 7,600 square feet in area and was built in 1994. A fire training facility is located on South Westnedge Avenue to the south of Center Avenue. A fourth fire station is proposed in the future in the general area of South Westnedge Avenue and Bacon Avenue. 2. The Portage Police Department, established in September of 1964, was originally housed in a small section of City Hall. In 1965, the Department was moved to a two-story frame house located where the Police/Court Building now stands. The existing Police/Court Building was constructed in 1970 and contains approximately 15,000 square feet of floor area. Most of the first floor of this two-story structure is occupied by the Police Department. Most of the upper floor and a portion of the first floor offices house the State of Michigan Ninth District Court. The former City Hall building serves as a Police Annex. The existing police station location is centralized and offers good city-wide access for patrol cars. As such, the existing facility is considered to be appropriately located and would not be recommended for relocation in the foreseeable future . ., D. EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES . . The Portage Public School District encompasses 45 square miles, the predominant portion of which is constituted by the City of Portage. Portions of Texas Township, Pavilion Township and the City of Kalamazoo are also contained within the district. Although primary and secondary public educational services within the City of Portage are provided by the Portage, Vicksburg and Schoolcraft School systems, only a limited portion of the City is served by the Vicksburg and Schoolcraft Districts. Accordingly , this section covers only the Portage school system . • Elementary school facilities have generally been located amidst concentrations of residential development within the City of Portage. Minimizing walking distances to schools, these sites also generally act to minimize long-range transportation requirements and provide easy access for recreation by children and after normal school hours. I. Elementary Schools Population forecasts indicate that the percent of the school age population of the total population is declining and the absolute number of school age children will remain relatively constant although the geographic distribution of students will shift toward areas of new housing . There are presently eight elementary schools in the Portage Public School District: fr r r • • • • • • • • Amberly (18.8 acres); Angling Road (11 .4 acres); Central (shares campus with Central Middle and High Schools); Haverhill (10.9 acres) ; Lake Center (8.7 acres); Moorsbridge (shares site with West Middle School) ; Waylee (3.4 acres); and Woodland (9.4 acres) . Since 1981, the Lexington Green, Pershing and Ramona Lane Elementary Schools have been closed; the Milham Elementary School was converted to the Portage Community Education Center; and Moorsbridge Elementary School has opened. r PORTAG E COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN (FINAL) r 11 -3 �- - - , , General requirements for elementary schools based on a full cross-section of the population developed by DeChiara and Koppelman 1 suggest a site size of 12 - 14 acres for a school of 800 pupils. Utilizing the same acre/student ratio would necessitate a site size of approximately 10.7 acres for the average 660 study capacity elementary school found in Portage. Only three of the City's elementary schools fall below this standard: Lake Center, Waylee and Woodland, and of these o_nly one significantly, Way lee. By the above standard, Waylee, with a 720 student capacity, would require a site size of approximately 11.7 acres. Although Waylee exists on only a 3.4 acre site, the school's proximity to the Portage Central Middle/Senior High complex off-sets the constraints of a small site size due to the abundant contiguous recreation land area. Overall, a variety of recreational facilities are provided at the elementary school sites. These sites not only function during school time hours but also serve as neighborhood playground areas at other times. 2. Middle & Senior High Schools Three middle high schools and two senior high schools service the Portage Public School District. Two facilities, North Middle/Senior (78.9 acres) and Central Middle/Senior (93.4 acres) have been developed as school complexes. The former complex included the Portage Community Education Center and the latter complex includes the Central Elementary School and district administrative offices. West Middle High (64.4 acres) was developed as an independent unit, but now shares the site with Moorsbridge Elementary School. . The City' s middle and senior high schools all contain gymnasiums, library media centers and auditoriums, with the middle high facilities also containing indoor swimming pools. Extensive outdoor recreation areas are also provided at each facility . As with the elementary school recreation facilities, middle and senior high facilities play a major role in providing a wide range of recreational opportunities to the overall Portage community . 3. • • Special Education Consultant, psychological, teacher/consultant, and social work services, as well as classrooms are available for students in Portage Schools who are diagnosed as learning disabled, or mentally, physically, or emotionally impaired. In addition, the Special Education Program provided by the Kalamazoo Valley Intermediate School District provides a diagnosis and program design for mentally and emotionally handicapped children and direct education for multi-handicapped and severely mentally impaired. 4. Post-Secondary Education Kalamazoo County is serviced by two four-year degree granting institutions (Kalamazoo College and Western Michigan University), one two-year community college (Kalamazoo Valley Community College) and one professional business school (Davenport). All facilities are near the City of Portage. S. fr A variety of vocational education programs also exist in Kalamazoo County. These programs are offered through Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo College and Davenport Business School. E. r Vocational Education RECREATIONAL/ENTERTAINMENT/CULTURAL FACILITIES Public parks with associated entertainment/cultural facilities and public preserves are addressed in Chapter 6: Recreation and Open Space. 1 r r Joseph DeChiera/Lee Koppelman, Urban Planning and Design Criteria, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 2nd Edition, 1975, pg. 331 . PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN (FINAL) 11-4 �.... ' F. HEALTH FACILITIES Although the City of Portage has numerous private medical offices, the primary health care facilities (Bronson Methodist Hospital and Borgess Hospital) are located in the City of Kalamazoo to the immediate north of Portage. I 7 . • .,. I r r r r r PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN (FINAL) 11-5 �- ~ ~~ I ' CHAPTER 12: FUTURE LAND USE PATTERN • 7 A. GENESIS ., ., The "Future Land Use Pattern" (also termed Future Land Use Plan or Future Land Use Map) evolved from a preliminary future land use map initially reviewed by the public on January 25, 1996, and from four preliminary future land use alternatives generated on the basis of "goals and objectives with development guidelines" and projections of future land use needs . The four preliminary future land use alternatives (i .e., Existing Trends, Revitalization, Compact Development and Concentrated Development) were initially reviewed by the Planning Commission on October 26, 1995, and were presented as final future alternatives at the Public Forum series and Planning Commission workshop on November 30, 1995, for evaluation and comment. Based on public comment, the Planning Commission made significant modifications to the Concentrated Development alternative to create the preliminary Preferred Future Land Use Alternative. The preliminary Preferred Future Land Use Alternative was further refined by the Planning Commission on December 21 , 1995, to become the Preliminary Future Land Use Pattern for the basis of public review and comment at the Public Forum series and Planning Commission workshop on January 25 , 1996. Based on public comment at the Public Forum series on January 25 , 1996, the Planning Commission further refined the Preliminary Future Land Use Pattern at their February 22, 1996, workshop, and requested its publication in March for further public comment. The Preliminary Future Land Use Pattern was distributed in late March to all residents as part of the "Portager" (the City of Portage bi-monthly newsletter). Based on written and oral public comment received at the Public Forum series of March 28th and at Planning Commission hearings of April 18th and April 25th , the Planning Commission revised the Preliminary Future Land Use Pattern in a series of workshops open to the public on May 9th, May 30th and June 13th. The resulting Final Future Land Use Pattern was then publicly displayed and subjected to a formal public hearing on July 18, I 996, prior to the Planning Commission adoption of the Comprehensive Plan. The final "Future Land Use Pattern" in conjunction with the "Guidelines" of the Comprehensive Plan will serve as basis for reviewing development for consistency with the Comprehensive Plan and for guiding public actions such as roadway and utility infrastructure improvements and community facility improvements to achieve the goals and objectives of the Comprehensive Plan. B. FOCUS The "Future Land Use Pattern" (also termed Future Land Use Plan or Future Land Use Map) addresses the future land use needs of the community by : I) r r r r r 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Identifying areas for smaller lots and moderate densities for affordable housing opportunities for all households. Expanding the office corridors along Centre Avenue and Milham Avenue to not only satisfy office space needs but also to provide appropriate transitional uses between these heavily traveled thoroughfares and single-family residential areas. Expanding the commercial area of Portage Commerce Square south of Romence Road and farther eastward toward the Conrail tracks so that commercial base of Portage can remain competitive with other communities. Focusing commercial uses into two major corridors -- Westnedge Avenue and Portage Road north of Milham A venue and south of Centre A venue. Encouraging revitalization of older commercial areas . Focusing neighborhood and employment supportive retail and service uses into primary and secondary nodes at major thoroughfare intersections. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 12-1 �- 7) 8) Focusing industrial uses into two major corridors -- Sprinkle Road and Shaver Road. Including major thoroughfare improvements to support the conversion of land to urban uses and to improve access to and within the major commercial and industrial corridors. 9) Preserving the natural amenities of the community through greenway corridors that take advantage of utility corridors to tie the community's parks together. I 0) Identifying future urban land uses for all agricultural and vacant properties. I I 7 C. MAJOR FEATURES The "Future Land Use Pattern" (Future Land Use Plan or Future Land Use Map) is found at the end of this chapter as Figure 12-1. 1. Residential (Housing) There are three residential density categories appearing on the "Future Land Use Map:" .., • • • Low Density -- up to 4 dwelling units per gross acre Medium Density -- greater than 4 and up to 8 dwelling units per gross acre High Density -- greater than 8 and up to 15 dwelling units per gross acre The "Future Land Use Map" only designates a specific type of residential housing for areas where smaller singlefamily lots are recommended. In this case, Single-Family Detached/Medium Density constitutes a fourth residential designation. . . The "Future Land Use Pattern" maintains the predominant single-family (i.e., "low density"), detached housing character of Portage. Further, the "Future Land Use Pattern" maintains the proportional relationship of major land uses and detached housing (typically single-family) versus attached housing (typically multiple-family) . a. Smaller Lots To provide opportunities for detached housing on smaller lots than the present zoning of vacant land, several areas are designated for smaller single-family lot development in the R-lA residential district or a new cluster housing district: I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. b. r r r r Between 12th Street and US 131 south of Romence Road (50 acres). Between Schuring Road and Romence Road west of Westnedge Avenue (80 acres). East of Sprinkle Road from Zylman Avenue to Center Road (120 acres). Between 12th Street and US 131 south of Centre A venue to the south corporate boundary (150 acres). Along the west side of Sprinkle Road straddling Branch Avenue (150 acres). On the northeast corner of Constitution Boulevard and Romence Road (25 acres). Multi-Family Areas To improve the choice of housing types (detached versus attached), to provide a more dispersed pattern of multifamily sites and to provide housing opportunities for moderate income households over the present zoning of vacant land, the "Future Land Use Pattern" expands site choices and ensures adequate multi-family zoned land without development constraints (about 471 acres) to meet the continuation of present demands (317 acres to the year 2015) . There are presently about 156 acres of vacant multi-family zoned sites (excluding 14 acres on the south side of Milham Avenue east of Sprinkle Road in the Portage Commerce Park and 30 acres on Portage Creek proposed for future industrial use west of Shaver Road to the north of the alignment of Melody Avenue): I. 2. 3. 4. 20 acres south of Centre Avenue along Shirely Court. 30 acres south of Centre A venue along the west side of Portage Creek. 30 acres north of Centre Avenue along the west side of Portage Creek. 50 acres on the north side of Osterhout Avenue east of the Conrail tracks. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 12-2 �' t 5. The future land use pattern would add another 330 acres in the following general locations for medium density (up to 8 dwelling units per acre) and high density (up to 15 dwelling units per acre) residential dwelling development: I. 2. 3. 7 4. 5. 6. 7. , 2. . . 26 acres in scattered sites of less than 10 acres throughout the community. 60 acres off'l2th Street north of 1-94 (medium density). 40 acres on 12th Street south of Milham A venue (high density). 40 acres on the north side of Milham Avenue between the Conrail tracks and Portage Creek (high density) . 25 acres between Schuring Road and Portage Central Park west of the Westnedge Avenue commercial area (medium density). 100 acres to the north of Centre Avenue straddling Lovers Lane (medium density). 45 acres on the north side of Osterhout Avenue east of the Contrail tracks (high density). 20 acres along the east side of Oakland Drive from 1-94 to Centre Avenue with additional acreage possible through the redevelopment of single-family dwellings on large lots. Office The "Future Land Use Map" shows only one office designation. Thus, the office category includes professional offices (doctors, dentists, lawyers, engineers, accountants, etc.); real estate and insurance offices; banks and other financial institutions; art and photographic studios; general offices; and community research facilities . Clearly general office use and cornrnunity research facilities require larger sites than the typical pre-existing residential uses along arterials; and compatibility with the abutting residential area will be important in the selection of the appropriate type and intensity of office use . At present, there are about 190 acres of vacant land zoned for office (excluding the 30-acre bog on the south side of South Westnedge Park) compared to a projected need of243 acres (excluding 103 acres associated with PharmaciaUpjohn): 2 3 4 5 25 acres on the north side of Milham Avenue east of the Kalamazoo Valley Intermediate School District. 30 acres on the southwest corner of Centre A venue and Shirely Court. 80 acres on the southwest corner of Centre Avenue and Oakland Drive. 30 acres on the south side of Bishop Avenue west of Capri Street. 25 acres in scattered sites of less than IO acres. The "Future Land Use Pattern" identifies two major office corridors in the City of Portage: I. 2. The Milham A venue corridor from Oakland Drive to Portage Road, and The Center A venue corridor from 12th Street to Portage Road . The Milham Avenue office corridor is strengthened through the designation of vacant parcels with other zoning for office use (about 80 acres): r r I. 2. 3. 4. The "Future Land Use Pattern" extends the Centre Avenue office corridor through Westnedge to Portage Road, and proposes additional parcels for office (about 65 acres): I. r r IO acres on the north side of Milham A venue between the Conrail tracks and Portage Creek. 40 acres on the south side of Milham A venue between Lovers Lane and Portage Road. 20 acres on the west side of Lovers Lane from south of Milham Avenue to Ramona A venue. 10 acres along the north side of Milham Avenue from Oakland Drive to Westnedge Avenue through the conversion of single-family residences and vacant lots. 40 acres on the east side of Oakland Drive south of Centre Avenue across from vacant land zoned for offices. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 12-3 �- - 2. - 3. I I 7 Redevelopment of 5 acres fronting the south side of Centre Avenue between Portage Creek and to the west of Shaver Road. The conversion of single-family residences and vacant Jots facing Centre Avenue between Kingston Drive and Portage Road (about 20 acres). Yielding another 30 acres for office use, the "Future Land Use Pattern" also: l. 2. Redesignates 10 acres on the northwest comer of Lovers Lane and I-94 for office rather than industrial use. Proposes offices on Kilgore Road east (about 5 acres) and west (15 acres) of Westnedge Avenue. Thus, the "Future Land Use Pattern" would provide potentially about 365 acres in additional sites for office uses. 3. Commercial The "Future Land Use" map provides three commercial designations: • • • ... Local Business Comparison Business General Business The "local business" designation is intended for neighborhood supportive uses and services (gasoline, convenience store, dry cleaning drop off, bank, smaJJ sit-down restaurant), and may include personal service establishments and professional offices. Neighborhood shopping centers fall in this designation. Thus, convenience (nondurable) goods and services are provided to residents and employees in the immediate neighborhood. The "local business" designation generally corresponds to the permitted uses in B-1 Local Business zoning district; however, general office uses and community research facilities would be inappropriate due to their magnitude and intensity. The "comparison business" designation is intended for shoppers goods (nondurable and smaller durable goods) and for personal service establishments, and may include general offices and community research facilities . The "comparison business" designation may also be termed "intensive" commercial/ business or "community" commercial/business. Community and regional shopping centers fall in this designation. Thus, shopping goods and services are provided to residents and employees in the community and the metropolitan areas. The "comparison business" designation generally corresponds to the permitted uses in B-2 Community Business zoning district. r; r r r r r The "general business" designation is intended for the full range of retail uses (nondurable and durable goods -- large and small), for hotel/motel and other highway services, for recreation facilities and for personal service establishments, and may include general offices and community research facilities . This designation adds the land extensive and large durable goods retail and service uses such as garden centers, home materials, automobile sales and services, furniture stores and large appliance stores (refrigerators, air-conditioners, washers, dryers, stoves). Thus, the full range of retail goods and services are provided to the community and travelers in this commercial designation. The "general business" designation generally corresponds to the permitted uses in B-3 General Business zoning district. The "Future Land Use Pattern" focuses commercial uses in two major commercial corridors, identifies four commercial revitalization areas, and designates 5 primary and 11 secondary commercial nodes. With a projected demand for an additional 207 acres by the year 2015, there are only 167 acres of vacant commercially zoned properties (excluding 160 acres for office services and 104 acres in residential PUD's). The largest vacant commercially zoned site are: PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 12-4 �• • • • 7 • 40 acres on the south side of Romence Road west of Westnedge Avenue . IO acres on the west side of Shaver Road to the south of Melody Avenue . 20 acres on the southwest corner of Sprinkle Road and Meredith Street. IO acres on Sprinkle Road north of Branch Avenue (that is proposed of smaller single-family lots). , 20 acres on the northwest corner of I-94 and Westnedge Avenue . The balance of the vacant commercial zoned land is scattered sites of five acres or Jess. The two major commercial corridors (for regional, community and neighborhood commercial uses) , where contiguous properties may be included, are: ., • • Westnedge Avenue from Kilgore Road to Shaver Road encompassing Portage Commerce Square, and Portage Road from I-94 to Milham Avenue and from north of Centre Avenue to Emily Drive near Austin Lake. The "Future Land Use Pattern" modestly expands the choice and location of sites in the Westnedge Commercial Corridor for continued strength of the area: • Designating 40 vacant acres for commercial use -⇒ Adding 25 acres of vacant and greenhouse property west of the Conrail tracks from Romence Road Parkway to Garden Lane. ⇒ Adding 15 vacant acres on the west side of South W estnedge A venue near Kilgore Road behind the Willow Creek shopping center. • Adding 20 acres through redevelopment of residential areas including: ⇒ IO acres between Peterman Road and Schuring Road abutting existing Westnedge Avenue commercial uses on the east, an industrial use on the south, and greenhouse operations on the west. ⇒ JO acres in the Della/Ruth area abutting existing Westnedge Avenue commercial uses . 'Ill • ... . ,,~ F ,...,.._ - The choice and location of sites in the Portage Commercial Corridor between Milham Avenue and I-94 are also expanded by recommending: • 30 acres on the southwest and southeast corners of Portage Road and Milham A venue for commercial purposes. The "Future Land Use Pattern" designates four commercial revitalization areas where commercial rezonings of contiguous properties would be entertained and public actions (such as infrastructure improvements) would stimulate private reinvestment: I. 2. 3. 4. Westnedge A venue from Romence Road Parkway to Shaver Road Portage Road from 1-94 to Yellowbrick Portage Road from Centre Avenue to Emily Drive Sprinkle Road at Long Lake Drive The five primary commercial nodes for local/employment supportive retail and service uses (grocery, drug-store, hardware store, restaurant, personal services, and business services) are: I. 2. Milham Avenue at 12th Street (30 vacant acres) Sprinkle Road at Meredith Road (20 vacant acres) <O "',;-; PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER 'T ;:: PLAN REPORT ( FlNAL) 12-5 �3. 4. 5. Centre Avenue at Moorsbridge Road Centre Avenue at Portage Road Shaver Road at Oakland Drive (6 vacant acres) The eleven (1 I) secondary commercial nodes for local supportive uses and services (gasoline, convenience store, dry cleaning drop off, bank, small sit-down restaurant), with the B-1 zoning district being the most appropriate, are: I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. I I. -, ... ... . Milham Avenue at Roanoke Street Milham Avenue at Lovers Lane Sprinkle Road at East Milham Road Centre Avenue at Oakland Drive Centre Avenue at Westnedge Avenue Centre A venue at Lovers Lane Centre Avenue at Sprinkle Road Portage Road at Zylman A venue Shaver Road at Osterhout Avenue Portage Road at Osterhout Avenue (designated "comparison business") Sprinkle Road at Long Lake Drive. In summary, the "Future Land Use Pattern" provides about 263 additional acres (including 167 acres of commercially zoned properties) to meet future demand for commercial sites. However, about 60 acres involve redevelopment of residential areas and greenhouses abutting Westnedge Avenue and major property owners such as Pharmacia-Upjohn Company, and is not readily available today for commercial development. Accordingly, readily available vacant sites for commercial purposes approximate about 203 acres. Thus, revitalization of existing commercial areas will be important in accommodating projected demands for commercial acreage. 4. Industrial The "Future Land Use Map" designates industrial areas, and does not subcategorize industrial areas. Thus, the "industrial" designation includes both "light" and "heavy" industrial uses as defined below. Generally associated with I-I industrial zoning, the "light industrial" includes wholesaling, warehousing, truck/recreational vehicle/mobile home/manufactured home/agricultural equipment sales and services, and manufacturing activities not involving raw materials. Except for truck/recreational vehicle/mobile home/manufactured home/agricultural equipment sales, all outdoor activities and materials should be screened from public view. Generally associated with the I-2 zoning district, the "heavy industrial" encompasses manufacturing activities involving raw materials, the extraction of minerals, and industrial activities where outdoor activities and materials may not be screened. -,r ,,. .,.. !u0 0 The "Future Land Use Pattern" designates two major industrial corridors: • • The Sprinkle Road Corridor generally running from the east City limits to Portage Creek and from Milham Avenue to Zylman A venue with -⇒ 260 vacant industrially zoned acres along Sprinkle Road. ⇒ 25 vacant industrially zoned acres along Lovers Lane. ⇒ 670 vacant acres owned by Upjohn . Shaver Road Corridor from roughly south of Centre Avenue to south of Osterhout Avenue with 405 acres of vacant land. The Sprinkle Road Corridor would add the possible Pharmacia-Upjohn acquisition of I 00 acres of residential south of Ramona, and 20 acres of primarily vacant land on the south side of Milham Avenue have been added to Portage Commerce Park. The remaining 25 acres of vacant industrial land is in scattered sites. On the other hand, about 179 acres of vacant industrially zoned land have been designated for non-industrial uses. Thus, the "Future Land Use Pattern" maintains the reduces of vacant land for future industrial purposes. ,;- c: - PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 12-6 �The Shaver Road Corridor redesignates about 30 acres east of Portage Creek to avoid future residential uses between the creek and Shaver Road . However, the available amount of vacant industrial land in the Shaver Road Corridor was not altered due to environmental constraints associated with the redesignated piece of property and others along Portage Creek. The transportation element proposes improved access to the corridor by widening Shaver Road to four !ant s from US 131 to Centre A venue and improved internal circulation south of Melody A venue between Shaver Road and Westnedge Avenue. 5. Open Space and Recreation (Natural/Cultural Resources) The open space designation includes public parks and greenways. Existing public parks are designed by a "P" in a circle. Possible future parks are designated by a "P" in a box. The only possible future park falls in the State Conservation Recreation Area in the event the State declares any portion surplus south of Portage Creek. ., .. The "Future Land Use Pattern" recognizes the need for parkland in northwest quadrant of City, but identifies no site nor general area. The "Future Land Use Pattern" also recognizes the desire to protect the Portage Creek flood plain from the Portage Creek Bi-Centennial Park northward to Kilgore Road. The "Future Land Use Pattern" also proposes a greenway network connecting existing natural amenities and parks within the City : • ... . ,,. 6. Through use of the Consumers Power property from 12th Street south of Milham Avenue eastward to Crossroads Mall, along the Portage Creek Bi-Centennial Park and PharmaciaUpjohn property to Portage Road , and from Conrail railroad tracks west of Sprinkle Road at Centre Avenue to the east City limits north of Centre Avenue . Public Use (Community Facilities) The "Future Land Use Map" designates a variety of public uses including cemeteries, fire stations, schools (elementary, middle and high), and public wellhead sites for drinking water. Existing facilities are shown by a circled abbreviation, and future facilities are shown by an abbreviation in a square. General public facilities (such as the library, community centers, administrative offices and government service centers) are not given an individual designation ; however, the City Centre Area where these facilities are concentrated has been designated by the abbreviation "CCA" and covers the general area intersected by Westnedge Avenue, Centre Avenue and Shaver Road . The "Future Land Use Pattern" reinforces the concept of a City Centre Area by : • • ,,- • r- • • 7. Designating the area west of City Hall along Shaver Road for offices. Permitting redevelopment of residential uses fronting on the south side of Centre Avenue from Portage Creek to Shaver Road for offices while maintaining the commercial fronting on Shaver Road . Creating a secondary commercial node at the corner of Centre Avenue and Shaver Road with commercial on the south side of Centre Avenue from Shaver Road to Currier Drive and redevelopment of the Portage Steel property. Designating the north side of Centre Avenue for offices from Shaver Road to Currier Drive. Proposing medium density residential development on the east side of the City Centre Area. Transportation The "Future Land Use Map" shows the location of committed major roadway improvements (i.e., major roadway widenings) and the general corridor of new roadways on the Major Thoroughfare Plan. - PORTAGE COMPREHENSTVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 12-7 �The transportation element includes several major thoroughfare improvements: • • • • ... • • .... . • Extending Romence Road Parkway from Lovers Lane to Portage Road. An East-West Corridor Study Area identifies where alternative alignment studies will be necessary to properly plan and determine the optimum location for the parkway extension, with the involvement of affected property owners. Improving internal circulation for the Shaver Road Industrial Corridor south of Melody A venue such as an additional street connection from Shaver Road eastward to encourage industrial development. Widening Shaver Road to five lanes from Melody Avenue to US 131 for improved industrial access. Improving vehicular and pedestrian facilities, including separation by curbing, landscaped areas, storm drainage and sidewalks, where appropriate, in the four revitalization areas -⇒ South Westnedge Avenue between Romence Parkway and Centre Avenue. ⇒ Portage Road between Milham Avenue and I-94. ⇒ Portage Road between Centre Avenue and Ames Drive. ⇒ Sprinkle Road between Zylman Avenue and Long Lake Drive. Adding a center left-tum lane to Portage Road between Centre Avenue and Emily Drive. Widening several thoroughfares -⇒ Kilgore A venue from Oakland Drive to Westnedge A venue (addition of third lane for left-turns) and from Lovers Lane to west of Portage Road (widening to four lanes with left-tum lanes at major intersections). ⇒ Lovers Lane from Milham Avenue to Kilgore Road (widening to four lanes with leftturn lanes at major intersections). ⇒ Milham A venue from 12th Street to Oakland Drive and from Lovers Lane to Portage Road (widening to four lanes with left-turn lanes at major intersections and addition of left-turn lanes between Oakland Drive and Lovers Lane) . ⇒ Oakland Drive from Milham Avenue to Centre Avenue (widening to four lanes with left-turn lanes at major intersections). ⇒ Centre Avenue from Westnedge Avenue to Portage Road (widening to four lanes with left-tum lanes at major intersections). ⇒ Shaver Road from Centre Avenue to Melody Avenue (widening to four lanes with left-turn lanes at major intersections). ⇒ Sprinkle Road from Centre Avenue to City limits (widening to four lanes with leftturn lanes at major intersections). Reconstructing the US 131 interchange with Centre A venue. ~ 0 0 ~ c• r PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) - 12-8 �- ------------------111111111111111- - r I I COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Figure 12: 1 "'9QILI:I. =i: . I -- LLLLL LLLLL L.LLL LLL 1-- N lLLLLLLLLLl l ' L ' LLLLU • • , ~LLLLLLLLL ('--------:::=::..= ~ - ~- - .. LLLL= LLL L.:, L.LL L, LLLL.... LLL I--, LLLLLLL. L-- f ' _/2 _., ~ 1/ . c - --~------, . ( _ _ ___J ~~• ' ,--.- . Ir--::::'..'....--====~--~ 0 ~ m~~ /2 I )/ U . MEDIUM - DENSITY RESIDENTIAL HIGH-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL LLL LLL I ~ ~ --...- - .......- c - ' , - - OC--~::-- r-<.~-- ~t OFFICE - LOCAL BUSINESS - COMPARISON BUSINESS ROMEi\JC - ~- INDUSTRIAL CITY CENTRE AREA ~ (City Holl, Police/Court, library. Senior Center. OeportmMt of Puolic Service.a. and Fire Oeportmer"lla.) FUTURE: EXISTING! @- Cemeteries ®- Fire Stations @- .LL LL L.L LL. L.L. I b~o~o~o1- PUBLIC: ' Ce ,, -11 ~ 0 Elementary Schools Middle Schools @@- - ~ ~ High Schools ~ Well Sites ~ ROUFNCF ~ :::::::: ~ - RECREATION/OPEN SPACE z ®- I ...J .,: z ;:;:: ___ - ./ ,r, ID a:: '-' ~.I ~~f "'.J C <( ;; 'i ~ a e;;,- I MW ME ~o~I SW SE ~. ~ - = 0- Future Porks 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS __,J - COMMERCl.t..L REI/IT1'\LIZATION ,l\REAS NE oow - Existing Pork s l iC ._--, C J- 3: '- .. q -m.!!3: o".'!~11 - GENERAL BUSINESS [Z,<7/?ZJ @- / I'- SINGLE FAMIL y DETACHED MEDIUM DENSITY ~ __, - - . :.: ::: ~:::::: :::+1- - - .u:-L - =: (' - r--' - - ~ (131 l/1 -™ ~~~~~~o LLL LLL 111 ~:lfI-,-bi~ -I_!~:..:.., '- '...! -LL 0) - bL!-L!-LQ - I I LOW-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL ,......... ·.·: . .·.·I - - 0) I- ~ -------~~::!!!i!!!C!!!!!:!!!!!!![!'!~ --MILHAM cJ1 LLLLLLLL I "LLLLLLLLLL - 1"=1500' f . . Future Land Use E~~ n MILHAM /1/ _LLL .LLLLL .LL LLL LLLLL LLLLL LLLLL LLLLL r-----a ------J MAP KF.Y PRIMARY COMMERCIAL NODES SECONDARY COMMERCIAL NODES - - - - - MAJOR ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS: HOWEVER .. ~ THE SENSITIVELAND AREAS INVENTORY SHOULD BE REFERENCED FGR AREAS OUTSIDE ~lll~ ;__ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Tli•E• l•OO• -• Y•EA_R_ FL~O~ OD~P~LA~IN,;.; B~ OU~N•D•AR•Y•· - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . L - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~~ ~ - - ~ - - ~ ffi i/ _ -NOTE: 12-9 �lI I COMPREHENSIVE PLAN I .~ Figure 12: 1 Future Land Use LOW-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL ~ - SINGLE FAMIL y DETACHED MEDIUM DENSITY lt~t~tU:ttl - MEDIUM -- DENSITY RESIDENTIAL bLLLLLQ - HIGH-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL - OFFICE - LOCAL BUSINESS - COMPARISON BUSINESS - GENERAL BUSINESS - INDUSTRIAL -™ I-'·' ·I ~ - V,1,>Z-<-'21 - ~- I C) :;: 0 ®- _,I ..( z ;:.:: _ / 0, Cle O> (/):;: ~ 0 ~~'f - o(/) 1 "' u (/)~I 0 :5 ::J 9 ~gj. '° ii ✓-, ! 5,:.: II) ~ Hign Scnoors - ~ Well Sites - ~ RECREATION/OPEN SPACE Exi;,tir,g Porks - _.i - I [£]- Future Porks 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS COMMERCIAL REVIT.t•.LIZATION ARE.t,S - PRIMARY COMMERCIAL NODES NW Mw ME SW SE 1.----J I- _ .. ~ - c=J r----"' - Ou.. ,g &ii cl - c:::1 ~,uJ_ ~~ n - [1.,_ _ - ~iw ~ __ - C) I I -0 Middle Schools ~::;::;::;::; ~ - w z - @] Elementary Schools - @@- ~ - "'(D Fire Stations 0- Q) I II FUTURE: ©®- - I I EXISTING: @- I (City Holl, Police/Court, Librory, Senior Center. Deportment ot Public Services. and Fire. Deportments.) Cemeteries I I I II I CITY CENTRE AREA ~ I II I - I ---•NOTE : MAP KO 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS· HOWE THE srnSITl'v'ELAND AREAS INliErHORY SHOULD BE REFERENCED FOR AREA- VEOURT._ THE 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN BOUNDARY. ~ ~IDc - __,_;.:::.a:wwss - sEcoNDARY coMMrncIAL NODEs MAJOR ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS EAST-WEST CORRIDOR STUDY AREA FOR ROMENCE ROAD PARKWAY EXTENSION ----------------------------------------.J..--__,;;..;.__;,.,,;__;. ;. ;. ;.; ;.;,.;,___,: 12-10 �COMPREHENSIVE PLAN - Figure 12: 1 Future Land Use 1"=1500' - - .. .. ······ .... . ·· ········· .. ········ ..... . ... .. .... ... .. ·········· .. ...... ..······ ............. ...... .. ........ ········ . ·············· .............. . .. .. ..... . . ........ .... ······ . . .. .. .. ........ ............. .... .. .. . . .. .. ······ LOW- DENSITY RESIDENTIAL f§:~ - .......... - - SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED MEDIUM DENSITY - MEDIUM-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL - HIGH-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL - OFFICE - LOCAL BUSINESS - COMPARISON BUSINESS - GENERAL BUSINESS - INDUSTRIAL ~ ~; ~ o ~ o 1- • - ~ ~ - PUBLIC: CITY CENTRE AREA (City Holl, Police/Court. Ubrary. Senior C..Oter, Department of Publlc Servk;,,s, and Fire Departments.) EXISTING: FUTURE: ©- Cemeteries - @] -0 ®- Fire Stations @- Middle Schools - ~ @- High Schools - ~ @- Well Sites - ~ @ - Elementary Schools - § ~;::;::;::;:: j - ®- __ - NW NE ME SW Existing Porks - [ I- 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS; HOWEVER Tl,[ SENSITIVELAND AREAS INVENTORY SHOULD BE REFERENCED FOR AREAS OUTSIDE Tl,E 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN BOUNDARY. COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS COMMERCIAL REVITALIZATION AREAS C PRIMARY COMMERCIAL NODES - +NOTE: Future Porks C: =i - =::J - ~----"" MAP l<-EY [EJ- 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN ,------, - SE RECREATION/OPEN SPACE - - - SECONDARY COMMERCIAL NODES - MAJOR ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS - EAST-WEST CORRIDOR STUDY AREA FOR ROMENCE ROAD PARKWAY EXTENSION 12-11 �- ■ I I COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Figure 12: 1 Future Land Use 1''=1500' I I LOW-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL ~ - MEDIUM - DENSITY RESIDENTIAL ~LLLLL Q - HIGH-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL I- ~ ~ I OFFICE - LOCAL BUSINESS - COMPARISON BUSINESS GENERAL BUSINESS V,%>/'/%?j - INDUSTRIAL PUBLIC: ~~o ~o ~o l ~ ~ I - CITY CENTRE AREA (City Holl, Po'1c.e/Courl. Li'brory, Senior Center. Deportment of Public Service.9. ond Fire Deportments.) EXISTING: FUTURE: ©®@@@- 0 C .fl ~ I ... _.J ( 0 ( fl < __ .- - ~w ~~~I ,_}},~ I zl . :) ;;-I - Middle Schools ~ - ~ High Schools [8] Well Sites [!] RECREATION/OPEN SPACE 0- f" u turc Po.-ks - 100- YEAR FLOODPLAIN NW - COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS c::J - COMMERCIAL REVITALIZATION ARU,S sw = NE C J r----, 1.----J sr MAP l<EY •NOTE: ~~-;'(AR FLOODPLAIN INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS; HOWEVER, 1 ~_ .:,ENSITIVELAND AREAS INVENTORY BE _ REFERENCED FOR_ AREAS OUTSIDE TH _E ,o;;, o_ y;,;;E,;,;, AR ~ FL~O;::O~D P~L,: Al;;;, N.,:; B~O:;,; UN;;,:;D;,;; A~ RY;,;. .SHOULD ___ ____ __ __ c_;; _,··, 1__________________________________________________ -> LL r-L - <{ ~ ~ ~- I Elementary Schools - 3: >ti ' -0 C (.') , .. q a, Fire Stations Existing Porl<s z ~ @] Cemeteries ®~:;::::::j ®- ~..i I SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED MEDIUM DENSITY f~~LLLLLL 8 · t , I LU I II - - - - PRIMARY COMMERCIAL NODES _ sEcoNDARY coMMrnc1AL NODEs MAJOR ROAD WA y IMPROVEMENTS EAST -WEST CORRIDOR STUDY AREA FOR ROMENCE ROAD PARK WA y EXTENSION -1_________________~~----12-12 �I I I I I I - I ~-----------------,-,--~~--------~~~---~-~--r---~- I I -------7~ ::: ::: :: := ::: _z: -----,',,i :::::z:- I - I I I I I - I I II ~~~-- I \ I --~-- -~--------- ' P----------~------------------~----------- --------~~~~-------------------------- ------~s-----= \\ --~~---------------x-=~=:::~=====~~~::±:::::::::::::_~= =- --- / ) J =~===========t======t========================~=====~============= --------------~----~------------------------------~--~----------------~=:::~:::~=~=::::::::=~~$Z~~~=~::=~~==~=~= --- -- -- - - --- -- -- -- --- -- -- -- - -- - -- --- - - -- -- -----------------------~~----------------------------------~--~--------------------------------~----~~~---------------------------~------~-------------------------~------~----------lnl'--------------M --= ---------~---------~----=:::::: - ::: ~::::::::::: :=;:::: = ABE~::~:::::: - __,\;:::: ---------------------------------------------t--~-~------------------- ----r+-- . - .4 - ,,,::::;_-::,6- ----- -- --~---- ~- -- \ -, f- w w 0:::: f- (f) I f- N $-~_::: - - :::_;:: ::::~:::: - ~:: :::- - ~ :: :::: l - :::: ~:::::::::::;::;:: _ - ::: ::: ::: SIAlL ~~~iicU;: ~ :]'E~mL COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Figure 12: 1 ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: :! ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: - w :::: ~~~~~~~~=~~===~~~~~+~~~~~~= - - HIGH-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL - OFFICE - LOCAL BUSINESS - INDUSTRIAL ~~o~o~ol - PUBLIC: ~ ~ - CITY GEN TRE AREA (City Hon, Police/Court, Librory. Senior Center, Deportment of Public Sentic.aa. ona nre Oeportm0t1ts..) EXISTING: @- Cemeteries - [I] Fire Stations - IT] Middle Schools a:: C/1 ~ -~ _,I ®- « z (;: / <D CD ~,~. _ - - 7fl;~ · ~.; 3' I F L ~'91 I I i{ti!G' ~ cX ;s I u.. NW NE 0 "' MW M[ "'. ._,. ~I ~o;:!-1 ~ ~~ I ~ Well Sites ~ v ,. ~- ,_>LL .s -~"."'. - l_________________________________________________ 100- YEAR FLOODPLAIN INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS: HOWEVER THE SE;;SITIVELAND AREAS INVEiHORY SHOULD 8E REFERENCED FOR AREAS OUTSIDE RECREATION/OPEN SPACE 0- Future Purks 100- YEAR FLOODPLAIN i- - COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS C: ::J C :J - PRIMARY COMMERCIAL NODES r----"'l SECONDARY COMMERCIAL NODES = ---- - ,NOTE: ~ Existifly Purks 1.----"' MAP i<:EY - ~ High Schools II ~:: : : : : ~ - -en 0 FUTURE: Elementary Schools - @@@- I\ --- - MEDIUM - DENSITY RESIDENTIAL I I GENERAL BUSINESS - _ - I COMPARISON BUSINESS -- , LOW-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL SINGLE FAMIL y DETACHED MEDIUM DENSITY i:. ~LLLLLL.Lj l.L'. l l LLLL I Future Land Use 1"= 1500' =~~=~=~==~~~~=~~~~~=~~~~~~-~= - OfPOR1U.mES 1::- VANDERBILT I COMMERCIAL REI/ITALIZATION AREAS MAJOR ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS J.__________________~ ;:7;~-- _:T;,;;E H ~ 10~0;, - ,;,: YE;;;A;, R.;,F~Lo~o~DP ~L;; A:;,; 1N.;B ;;;;o;u;;.; ND~A;;,;, RY,;,;._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12-13 I I �'11111111 w (_.'.) 0 -- -- -- L,i.J.,,..--,..--,..--~ ~ ....~~,,...-....-A,, - - __, - - - I Wl::ST LAKE 1: l..d--'----,-J,.-.i ">-- ,--, - - - - - ,,.- ,...,,..- ,,...- I COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Figure 12: 1 Future Land Use I I I 1''=1500' I I AUSTl t✓ LAl<E I- ~ LOW-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL - SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED MEDIUM DENSITY [~LLUtt-ttl - MEDIUM ·- DENSITY RESIDENTIAL kLLLLLQ - HIGH-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL ' CmJ~ ;::::el!IIDLl!aoc,c.. /'-..\) ::=~=-,,0<1,000 \. _ =- ,, ~-::~ I ~ -# ~ /) ;7 I·.'·: '' ::::. j - OFFICE - - LOCAL BUSINESS - fx2™ - COMPARISON BUSINESS ~ GENERAL BUSINESS V):>:.</2%1 - INDUSTRIAL p~o~o~ol - Pusuc: ~- Cln' CENTRE AREA ~ (City Holl, Police/Courl, Library. Senior Center. Deportm en t of Pvblie Services, ond Fire Depor tmeit&) FUTURE: EXISTING: Cemeteries Fire Stations @- a (/) z MANDI GO G: / ~ @- High Schools - ~ Well Sites - ~ r ~~~ :.::. .. o :,,~W ;fi I o Ou.. ::i~G' 0, I -~=~, o - NW NE MW ME j- 0- Futu r ~ Purks PRIMARY COMMERCIAL NODES 1.-----' r-----, - SECONDARY COMMERCIAL NODES ---- - MAJOR ROADWAY tMPROVEMENTS = SW MAP KCY , NOTE: COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS C ._--, C ::J __, - u::, ) g~ ~ ~ fB I .....!! ,. / I ! '5 ~ RECREATION/OPEN SPACE Exi;tir.g Porks - 100- YEAR FLOODPLAIN ) CD ' Middle Schools ®- I _J <{ ~ @- ®I [ ::::;::;::; j - -~w - Elementary Schools - COMMERCIAL REVITALIZATION AREAS 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS: HOWEVER TI-iE SENSITIVELAND AREAS INVENTORY SHOULD SE REFERENCED FOR AREAS OUTSID TriE 100- YEAR FLOODPLAIN BOUNDARY. E =--------------------------~....;.;;;,;,,;;~..;....;..,;------------..L-----------.... 12- 14 �- r - "'r r - r I - I I I A. ~./ ' CHAPTER 13: IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES AND ACTIONS OVERVIEW This chapter of the Comprehensive Plan addresses implementation strategies and actions to achieve the future vision for the community set forth in the Comprehensive Plan and its functional elements. To the extent possible, a timetable is suggested for execution of these strategies and actions consistent with available staff and financial resources of the City of Portage. Development of the implementation strategies and actions involves a four-step process of determining what implementation tools exist through State enabling statutes, what statutory tools are being exercised today, and what strategies (with appropriate implementation tools) would best implement the comprehensive plan. The implementation strategies are based on the Comprehensive Plan Update "goals and objectives" adopted by the Planning Commission and the proposed Future Land Use Map. A cumulative listing of implementation recommendations, organized by the topical categories of the "goals," is found in the table at the end of this chapter. I B. I The tools to implement the comprehensive plan are traditionally placed in four categories corresponding to the primary powers of municipal government: AVAILABLE TOOLS • • • • I land use regulations derived from police powers, capital improvement programs derived from budgetary powers, property acquisition programs derived from eminent domain powers, and revenue generation policies derived from taxing powers. I 1. I I In addition to the Master Plan (i.e., comprehensive plan) under the Michigan Compiled Laws (MCL 125.36), land use regulations authorized by state enabling legislation include: zoning regulations (MCL 125.581), subdivision regulations and condominium regulations (MCL 125.44), planned unit development regulations (MCL 125.584b), and site plan review regulations (MCL 125.584d). a. I Land Use Regulations Zoning Regulations Zoning is the primary tool by which land use is regulated in most communities in the nation. It is generally viewed as a police power (protection of public health and safety) for protecting property values. Zoning places land uses types into categories (termed "zoning districts) and then identifies geographically where these categories are appropriate in the community. The zoning regulations also control the intensity of development by regulating the bulk of the development through minimum lot sizes, structure setbacks from the property line (i.e., minimum yard requirements). maximum lot coverage (i.e., portion of the lot covered by the footprint of the structure), floor area ratios (i.e. , ratio of floor area to lot area), maximum heights, minimum open space, and maximum dwelling units per acre. The zoning regulations may also be used to regulate the performance aspects of PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER Pl.AN REPORT (FINAL) 13-1 �r J ' I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 the development by requiring adequate off-street parking, appropriate signing and landscaping. More recently, zoning regulations have been used to assure performance in the protection of environmentally sensitive areas such as floodplains, wetlands, steep slopes, etc. The City or Village Zoning Act (MCL I 25.581) enables land use regulations "to limit the inappropriate congestion of population and the overcrowding of land, transportation systems, and other public facilities ." Such regulations are to be in accordance with the comprehensive plan. Municipalities may also adopt regulations for congested areas restnctmg the maximum number of families or dwelling units and for "special programs" to achieve specific land management objectives (MCL 125.583). This permits the creation of zoning overlay districts where performance standards must be met for new or expanded uses or structures to occur. The most common zoning overlay district is floodplain zoning; however, the purposes of the overlay district appear to be open ended when tied to special land management objectives. Through "special land use" (MCL 125.584a) and planned unit development (MCL 125 .584b) designations, a municipality may add conditions (MCL 125.584c) to new or expanded uses such as ensuring adequate public infrastructure. As a note of interest, Michigan legislation allows recession of local legislative body approval of a zoning amendment by public referendum. In conclusion, zoning regulations may not only control the location, type and intensity of development; regulations establish permit some provisions that affect the timing and rate of development. b. Subdivision and Condominium Regulations Subdivision regulations control the manner in which property is subdivided and the public improvements required to support development within the subdivision (MCL 125.44). Legal case history indicates that these regulations are confined to physical improvements on-site such as roadways, sanitary sewers, waterlines and drainage; and cannot be used to require off-site improvements where public facilities would become inadequate due to the proposed platting. Thus, a driveway permit ordinance is often used as a means to require roadway improvements at the entrances to subdivisions. Adoption of a major street system under the comprehensive plan is a prerequisite to the exercise of Planning Commission plat approval authority (MCL 125.43). c. Site Plan Review Regulations Municipalities may require a site plan to ensure that a proposed use or act1v1ty is in compliance with local ordinances, may require the submission and approval of a site plan before authorization of a land use or activity regulated by the zoning ordinance, and shall require a site plan for "special land uses" and "planned unit developments" (MCL 125.584d). Further, a local jurisdiction may require a performance guarantee "to ensure compliance with a zoning ordinance" (MCL 125.584e). Although the site plan review process is a means to ensure the adequacy of the public infrastructure to support development, off-site improvements cannot be required unless such conditions are previously imposed through an zoning overlay district, rezoning, "special land use" permit application or "planned unit development" application. 1 2. l The preparation of a capital improvement program for public facilities is a key tool to guide the location, type, timing and rate of growth in geographic subareas of the community. State legislative authorizes the adoption of a minimum six-year capital improvement program (MCL 125.39). [The City of Portage prepares and adopts a tenyear capital improvement program.] Capital Improvement Programs In addition to expenditures on public infrastructure, a municipality may assist in the preservation, revitalization and attraction of housing and businesses through various grant and loan assistance programs. l 1 PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (fiNAL) 13-2 �r r r r r 3. Property Acquisition Programs The municipality may exercise the power of eminent domain to acquire private property (or interest therein) for a public purpose. However, the definition of public purpose is quite broad. Thus, in addition to the ability to acquire private property for public infrastructure such as roads, sewers, public buildings and parks, a local jurisdiction may acquire private property to•facilitate redevelopment and even to eliminate nonconforming uses or structures (MCL 125.583a). The municipality may also be a recipient of private property or easements by gift from the owner. Thus, the municipality may be a recipient of conservation easements for historic and environmental preservation purposes. 4. Revenue Policies ' Revenue policies are the purview of the Portage City Council. Although the waiver of property taxes (i.e., tax abatements) is no longer available for commercial projects to attract new businesses into a community, the municipality has the ability raise revenues within a specific geographic area for specific purposes or to capture the increment in revenues in a specific geographic area for specific purposes. "Special assessment districts" for roadways and other public facilities are common. "Tax increment finance" is a means to capture the increment in revenue for a specific area and to expend the increment for public improvements to serve that specific area. I C. TOOLS EXERCISED 1. Land Use Regulations I I I I I I I I I The City of Portage has established a comprehensive development review process from development conceptualization to building occupation that covers preliminary and final site review, building plan and infrastructure plan review, construction inspection, and construction finalization and occupancy (i.e., certificate of occupancy). The development review process covers all projects except single family homes and minor remodeling activities. The projects reviewed involve: site plans, final plans for planned unit development districts, land subdivision, condominium subdivision, landscape plans and/or building plans. a. Zoning Regulations The general zoning districts (residential, office, commercial and industrial) of Portage specify permitted uses and conditional uses; address height, bulk, density and area requirements; and include off-street parking and loading, signing, landscaping and lighting provisions. Supplemental zoning districts include Expressway Service (ES) , Research Park (RC), and Mobile Home Community (MHC). In addition to the Mobile Horne Community district, development plans (i.e., "tentative" plans) are only required for zoning approval in the case of the two planned unit development districts -- the Planned Development (PD) district for the mixture of residential housing types and nonresidential uses up to 20 percent of the area uses and the Commercial Planned District (CPD) -- and the HighTech Research District (OS-2). The only overlay district in the Portage regulations is for flood hazard areas. Within flood hazard areas (which coincide with the limits of the 100-year flood), only agricultural and recreational uses are permitted. Under separate City ordinance, property owners may transfer residential densities in wetland areas to non-wetland areas of the same tract , thereby increasing the density for the non-constrained area equal to the wetland. A Board of Zoning Appeals has been established in Portage to authorize variances from the provisions of the zoning regulation, and to decide requests for exceptions for interpretations of the Zoning Map and for decisions on special approval situations. I I I PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 13-3 �r r r r r ' I I I I I I I I I I b. Subdivision and Condominium Regulations The City of Portage presently has in place subdivision regulations, and uses the "Major Thoroughfare Plan" adopted as part of the Comprehensive Plan for the preservation of rights-of-way for roadways. The subdivision regulations also establish location and design standards for public infrastructure improvement: • • • • • for roadways -- right-of-way and pavement width standards by functional class with the latitude to establish greater widths for "major thoroughfares or boulevards"; for walkways -- location and width standards; for electrical wiring -- placement in underground conduits located in private easements or public rights-of-way with the exception of major thoroughfares; and for sanitary sewers, waterlines, storm drainage facilities, and street lighting -- placement in easements and location and design standards. The subdivision regulations encourage the preservation of natural features such as trees, groves, watercourses, beaches, historic spots, etc., and the preservation of drainage and natural stream channels with appropriate barriers. The regulations require the planting of street trees, and may require planting, berming and screening to buffer adjacent uses. The Planning Commission and the City Council approve preliminary and final (subdivision) plats in Portage. The condominium regulations for Portage set out the general design features for condominium subdivisions and incorporate the general subdivision infrastructure requirements. The Planning Commission and City Council approve condominium subdivisions. c. Site Plan/Landscape Plan Review Regulations Site plan review is required for the erection or alteration of buildings for all uses except single-family dwellings and uses in the Research Park, Light Industrial and Heavy Industrial districts beyond the 200-foot limit of the zoning district boundary or property under separate ownership (Section 1280.06 of the City of Portage Zoning Code). The site plan must be approved by a majority vote of the Planning Commission. For planned unit developments, final plan approval is required from the Planning Commission and City Council. Access permits are required for street and curb openings from the City of Portage or Kalamazoo County Road Commission, depending upon the jurisdiction responsible for maintenance of the roadway. Approval of a landscape plan is a staff function within the Community Development Department of the City of Portage. 2. Capital Improvement and Other Expenditure Programs For many years, the City of Portage has had a multi-year capital improvement program (CIP) covering infrastructure (streets, bikeways, sidewalks, sanitary sewers, waterlines, storm sewers and drainage) and community facilities (public buildings, fire, police and parks). The latest CIP adopted in the Spring of 1996 covers the ten-year period from 1996 to 2006. In particular, the CIP has been and continues to focus infrastructure improvements to support office, commercial and industrial corridors. For example, industrial development initiatives will provide street and utility improvements in the Sprinkle Road Industrial Corridor between Milham Avenue and Bishop Road and in the Shaver Road Industrial Corridor along Industrial Drive. To attract and retain businesses, the following partnerships and programs exist: I I I • Economic Development Job Training by the State of Michigan. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPOA TE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 13-4 �r r r r r r I I • • • • 3. I Because Portage is a relatively new community (only 10 percent of the housing being 50 years or more old and 70 percent of the housing less than 35 years old), City housing programs have focused on conservation and rehabilitation, and a housing redevelopment program is not among the current strategies. I I I I I I I I Revenue Policies The City of Portage has exercised the tool of special assessment districts to reconstruct and widen South W estnedge Avenue from 1-94 to Centre Avenue and other public improvement projects. The City also has a Tax Increment Financing program for public improvements (utilities, streets and site preparation) in the area of an industrial development project funded through the increases in property tax revenues in the area. D. I Property Acquisition Programs In addition to the acquisition of land for public infrastructure and facilities , the City of Portage has on occasion acquired property on the corners of intersecting arterials to remove commercial development pressure. 4. I Job Training Partnership Act for economically disadvantaged adults and youths as well as dislocated and older workers, involving the Kalamazoo County Board of Commissioners, Upjohn Institute and Private Industry Council. Business resource and assistance programs provided by the Kalamazoo County Chamber of Commerce, ~alamazoo County Convention & Visitor Bureau, and City of Portage Economic Development Corporation (an independent corporation formed under State of Michigan Act 338). Financial programs from the State of Michigan including State Research Fund, Venture Capital Fund, Seed Capital Program, Capital Access Program, Business and Industrial Development Corporations, SBA 504 Program, and Bonds (taxable and tax-exempt). Financial programs for the City of Portage including the Industrial Development Revenue Bond program and Tax Increment Financing program. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES Having reviewed the implementation tools being exercised and considering the "goals and objectives" and proposed "Future Land Use Map" of the Comprehensive Plan Update, implementation strategies have been developed under each of the major implementation tool categories. Under each implementation tool, specific actions and a timeframe for implementation are also identified. This section concludes with listing of the implementation strategies by the topical categories of the Comprehensive Plan Update "goals," demonstrating the relationship between the future vision of the community embodied in the "goals and objectives" and the implementation strategies. 1. Land Use Regulations a. Zoning Regulations ♦ Strategies With the recent creation of the Commercial Planned District (CPD) and High-Tech Research District (OS-2), there are now three zoning districts (mixed-use, commercial, and high-tech) requiring development plans as part of the rezoning process. With the desire of providing greater assurance that what is shown in concept during the rezoning process will actually be built, consideration may given to creation of additional planned development districts covering other major uses -- office and industrial. To facilitate the preservation of natural areas and infill development, a new planned unit development district is suggested that allows a range in residential types parallel to the present Planned Development (PD) district. However, the new planned development district would limit non-residential uses to retail and office and to less than 20 percent of the land area, and may have more stringent open space requirements. PORTAGE C OMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 13-5 �f r r r r I Consideration may also be given to an environmental overlay district, complementing the present Flood Hazard District, to address the protection of environmentally sensitive areas through appropriate performance measures. Such an overlay may incorporate the transfer development features of the present City ordinance applying to wetlands and may expand the transfer of development rights to other environmentally sensitive areas. In light of the future land use designations, areawide rezonings should be initiated by the City Council and/or Planning Commission to create additional vacant land zoned for higher density single-family detached housing (i.e., rezoning from the R-lB, R-1 C and R-ID districts to the R- IA district or new cluster housing district). The Planning Commission and City Council would also entertain rezonings in commercial revitalization areas upon application of the property owner for commercial development compatible with the surrounding area. Finally, the Development Review Guidelines and the Future Land Use and the Major Thoroughfare Plan maps of the Comprehensive Plan Update should continue to be incorporated into the rezoning process to assess the compatibility of the proposed rezoning with the Comprehensive Plan. ♦ I Actionsffimetable The following changes should be examined and implemented within existing staff resources with the next three years (and on an on-going basis in the case of rezonings): I I) 2) I 3) I 4) I 5) I I The entertainment of rezonings in commercial revitalization areas upon application of the property owner for commercial development would be an on-going and long-term effort. b. I I ♦ I I Subdivision and Condominium Regulations Strategies Modifications to the subdivision regulations may be studies to include: I) 2) 3) I I Creation of additional planned development districts covering office and industrial uses. Creation of a new planned unit development district that allows a range in residential types parallel to the present Planned Development (PD) district, but, unlike the present Planned Development district, limits non-residential uses to retail and/or office uses to less than twenty percent (20%) of the land area. Investigation of an environmental overlay district, complementing the present Flood Hazard District, to address the protection of environmentally sensitive areas through appropriate performance measures. Initiation of areawide rezonings by the City Council and/or Planning Commission to create additional vacant land zoned for higher density single-family detached housing (i.e., rezoning from the R-lB, R-IC and R-lD districts to the R-IA district or new cluster housing district), as well as other rezonings consistent with this Comprehensive Plan. Incorporation of the Development Review Guidelines, the Future Land Use map and the Major Thoroughfare Plan map of the Comprehensive Plan Update into the rezoning process to assess the compatibility of the proposed rezoning with the Comprehensive Plan. ♦ On-going review of development regulations to ensure appropriate minimum development standards and cost-efficient development practices. Requirements for the location and design of bikeways, similar to the treatment of sidewalks. Review of current sidewalk requirements for a more comprehensive policy. Actionsffimetable Review and modification of the subdivision regulations should be accomplished with existing staff resources as soon as practical. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE Pi.AN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FlNAL) 13-6 �r r 2. I I ♦ Capital Improvement and Other Expenditure Programs Strategies Appropriate additions should be considered in the context of capital improvement programs to: 1) 2) I 3) 4) I I ♦ Actionsffimetable Appropriate additions should be made to the City of Portage capital improvement program in the Spring of 1997, and annually thereafter, to: I) 2) I I I I 3) 4) I I I Consider the proposed street connection between Lovers Lane and Portage Road; Consider an additional street connection from Shaver Road eastward to encourage industrial development; Add sidewalk and landscaping improvements in the Westnedge Avenue commercial revitalization area between Centre A venue and Shaver Road; and Program major street projects consistent with the Kalamazoo Area Transportation Study's Transportation Improvement Program and Long Range Transportation Plan. Because 12th Street, Portage Road, Sprinkle Road and Centre A venue (between Westnedge Avenue and Sprinkle Road) are maintained by the Kalamazoo County Road Commission (KCRC), the City of Portage should work with the Kalamazoo County Road Commission to include within their transportation improvement program: 1) 2) I Consider a street connection between Lovers Lane and Portage Road in the area between Milham A venue and Centre A venue; Consider an additional street connection from Shaver Road eastward to encourage industrial development; Add sidewalk, landscaping and roadway improvements in the Westnedge Avenue, Portage Road and Sprinkle Road commercial revitalization areas; and Accomplish major street improvement projects as identified in Kalamazoo Area Transportation Study's Transportation Improvement Program and Long Range Transportation Plan. 3) The addition of sidewalk and landscaping improvements in the Portage Road commercial revitalization area between 1-94 and Milham A venue. The addition of sidewalk and landscaping improvements in the Sprinkle Road commercial revitalization area between Gray Street and south of Wells Street; The addition of a center left-turn lane, sidewalk and landscape improvements to the Portage Road commercial revitalization area between Centre A venue and Emily Drive; and Within existing staff resources (complemented with professional service contracts), the City of Portage should investigate a variety of tools to acquire an interest in the property within the Portage Creek Flood Hazard Area from Portage Bicentennial Park at Milham Avenue to Kilgore Road and prepare an implementation strategy addressing implementation responsibilities and funding sources. Annually through the Capital Improvement Program, and with appropriate assistance through professional service contracts, the City of Portage should investigate a variety of tools to acquire an interest in the property to preserve the greenway corridors proposed in the Comprehensive Plan Update and prepare an appropriate strategies for implementation. I I I PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (fiNAL) 13-7 �r r 3. ♦ I I I I Property Redevelopment Programs Strategies To facilitate the redevelopment of existing areas for high density residential, office and commercial purposes, the City of Portage should further consider the timing and level of commitment to each of the residential redevelopment area and the Portage Steel property. The primary residential area of concern is the western 10 acres of the Della/Ruth neighborhood fronting existing Westnedge Avenue commercial that is designated for future comparison business. ♦ Actionsffimetable When development/redevelopment opportunities are presented for the Della/Ruth area and the Portage Steel property, the City of Portage Planning Commission should consider appropriate Jong-term redevelopment programs with recommendations addressing the appropriate geographic boundaries, level of public financial commitment and funding strategy (when appropriate), implementation responsibilities and timing prior to: I I) 2) I I I I I I I I I I I I 4. ♦ Redevelopment of the Portage Steel property on the southeast Corner of Centre Avenue and Shaver Road for commercial purposes; or Redevelopment of the western one-third of the Della/Ruth residential area for commercial purposes. Property Interest Acquisition Programs Strategies To facilitate the protection of the Portage Creek Flood Hazard Area from Milham A venue to Kilgore Road, the City of Portage should investigate a variety of tools to acquire an interest in the property for preservation of the 100-year floodplain. Such tools range from land acquisition to the dedication of conservation easements by private property owners, and the most appropriate tool will depend upon the tax situation and attitude of individual property owners. To accomplish the greenway linkages, the City of Portage should investigate a variety of tools to acquire an interest in the property. In the case of the Consumers Power property running east-west through the City, the City should investigate the extent to which the property may be used as a linear park. Liability, improvement and maintenance responsibilities will have to be defined and addressed. To further protect the 100-year floodplain and associated environmentally sensitive areas, the City may wish to investigate the dedication of conservation easements with tax and transfer development rights incentives by private owners. Further, when ever private development occurs along any creek, the property owner should be requested to place the 100-year_floodplain in an easement. ♦ Actions/fimetable Within existing staff resources (complemented with professional service contracts, as appropriate), the City of Portage should annually investigate, in the context of the Capital Improvement Program, a variety of tools to acquire an interest in the property for the protection of the Portage Creek Flood Hazard Area from Milham A venue to Kilgore Road and prepare an implementation program addressing responsibilities and funding sources. Also, the City of Portage should investigate a variety of tools to acquire an interest in other properties within the 100-year floodplain, and prepare an implementation program. 5. Revenue Policies No changes are recommended to the present exercise of revenue policies. Such policies are in the purview of the Portage City Council. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 13-8 �r I I I I I 6. Listing of Implementation Recommendations a. Overview During the process of updating the Comprehensive Plan, recommendations have evolved on strategies and actions to move the Plan toward fulfillment. The end result is the effective use of community physical resources to meet the housing, employment, recreation, health and cultural needs of the community consistent with the future vision for the community embodied in the "goals and objectives" of the Comprehensive Plan. Many of the recommendations on the logical pattern of future land use and the provision of transportation and utility infrastructure and community facilities support desirable future land uses as geographically displayed in the Future Land Use map. Each of the comprehensive plan functional elements or the cumulative effect of these elements provides the foundation for the land use recommendations reflected in the Future Land Use map. Other recommendations in the Comprehensive Plan functional elements affecting location, type, timing and intensity of land use cannot be readily reflected in a static Future Land Use map, and are addressed in this section. These recommendations encompass: • I • • I • • • I I I • b. Adjustments and modifications to land use controls and the development review and approval process. The physical development of the transportation and utility infrastructure and community facilities that are the foundation of Portage's Capital Improvement Program. Incentives to facilitate through the private sector the preservation of housing and unique environmental resources, revitalization of commercial and industrial areas, and redevelopment of obsolete structures and areas for more viable structures and uses. Actions and incentives to facilitate the provision of housing opportunities for all income levels. Actions and incentives to preserve and attract job opportunities. Acquisition of property rights or interests to provide transportation/utility infrastructure and community facilities and to protect unique natural, historic and cultural areas. Revenue policies to provide incentives and the infrastructure to support the desired future land use pattern, housing, employment and preservation objectives of the community. Listing The implementation recommendations by topical area associated with the "goals" of the Comprehensive Plan Update appear in Table 13-1. This table is intended to provide a checklist for recommendations of the Comprehensive Plan and to make these implementation activities more visible as a means by which to gauge progress toward their achievement. I I I I I I I PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 13-9 �------------ ... .. --- ~ .... Table 13-1 IMPLEMENTATION RECOMMENDATIONS Goal Category 1. Land Use a. General Strategy • Integrate the Comprehensive Plan into the on-going development review and approval process with each action/decision. • Conduct a yearly workshop to review the Comprehensive Plan for needed amendments, and conduct a major update of the Comprehensive Plan every five years. • Develop a Comprehensive Plan "Guidelines" checklist to determine the conformity of development proposals with the Comprehensive Plan and to identify remedial actions to bring the proposed development into conformity . • • Selectively rezone existing residential, commercial, and industrial zoned properties not consistent with the Future Land Use Plan. In reviewing the rezoning, consideration should be given to whether or not the property is occupied or vacant, creation of nonconformities, protection of adjacent residential uses and others. b. Residential • See Section 5. Housing below. c. Office • Preserve large vacant sites for office, facilitate the transition of residential uses to office uses in designated office corridors, and create a rezoning mechanism to ensure compatibility with surrounding land use. • Consider a "planned office" zoning district applying it to larger tracts of land; identify and rezone tracts for hi-tech and research uses; and selectively rezone parcels in the Centre Avenue and Milham Avenue corridors for office. • Preserve prime vacant commercial sites. • Apply the "commercial planned district" to larger vacant sites in the Westnedge Avenue and Portage Avenue Commercial Corridors. • Entertain or initiate commercial rezonings in the four Commercial Revitalization areas. • Favor the application for B-1 Local Business District rezoning rather than B-2 District or B-3 District in the Secondary Commercial nodes. • Examine the feasibility of rezoning vacant land and structures in the Secondary Commercial nodes to B-1 if they have more intense business or industrial zoning. • See Section 3. Economy/Market Place below. d. Commercial PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE Pl.AN UPDATE: MASTER Pl.AN REPORT (FINAL) 13- 10 �I- - - - - - - - - - - - .. - .. ... .... ... ~ Table 13-1 (Continued) IMPLEMENTATION RECOMMENDATIONS • Strate2v Preserve prime vacant industrial sites and encourage the revitalization or redevelopment of older industrial sites in the two Industrial Corridors . • Selectively rezone vacant properties in the two Industrial Corridors . • See Section 3. Economy/Market Place below . • Goal Cate2ory e. Industrial . f. Public g. Recreation/Open Space • See Section 7. Community Facilities below . See Section 2. Natural/Cultural Resources below . h. Special Districts/Corridors • Ensure appropriate future land uses in the event that any State Game Preserve area becomes surplus property . • Prepare an updated City Centre Area plan that reviews the interrelationship between land uses and recommends actions to create vibrant mixed use area of public, quasi-public and residential uses with supportive retail. • Continue the development of a program to protect environmentally sensitive areas. • Continue the best management practices associated with site design to protect streams and public drinking water well-heads . • Consider programs for environmentally sensitive areas and areas within the Flood Hazard Area including voluntary dedication of easements with appropriate tax advantages, required dedication of easements when expanded land use rights are requested (e.g., rezonings and subdivisions); acquisitions; and purchase of easements in developed areas. • Consider a program of incentives and intervention actions to preserve historic structures and landmarks in conjunction with the Historic District Commission. • Consider a historic preservation program that encompasses the dedication of easements with tax benefits, a cooling-off period prior to demolition to pursue alternative owners and uses, and an public acquisition component in conjunction with the Historic District Commission. 2. Natural/Cultural Resources a. Natural Environment b. Manmade Environment PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE Pt.AN UPDATE: MASTER Pl.AN REPORT (FINAL) . 13- 11 �,_ - - - - - - - - - - - -- ... .. ... -- -- ~ Table 13-1 (Continued) IMPLEMENTATION RECOMMENDATIONS Goal Catee:orv c. Recreation/Open Space d. Cultural/Entertainment 3. Economy/Marketplace a. Business Climate b. Business Support Stratee:v • Consider a program for acquisition and development of park land for active recreation with grassroots support from the residents of the area. • Consider a program for appropriate indoor recreation activities for community residents . • Continue the programs to enhance existing park, recreation and natural community resources . • Update the Recreation/Open Space Plan consistent with the requirements of the State of Michigan to ensure funding services . • Continue the programs to enhance existing park and recreation facilities . • Consider a comprehensive greenway plan identifying the properties, uses, methods of acquiring interest in properties (ranging from voluntary dedication of easements and right of access to acquisition of all property rights), and a viable financing program. • • Support cultural facilities and programs developed by the Parks Board in the context of the Comprehensive Plan, when aooropriate . Continue the commercial and industrial sites inventory with annual updates to support economic development efforts preserving and attracting businesses, and the preservation of commercial and industrial sites. • Regularly examine the development review process and the business resources package of the City of Portage relative to other jurisdictions and make appropriate adjustments. • Annually review the Capital Improvement Program priorities . • Continue the expansion of sanitary sewers in the Shaver Road and Sprinkle Road Industrial Corridors and Portage Commerce Square. • Coordinate with the Kalamazoo County Road Commission road and sidewalk improvements along Centre Avenue, Sprinkle Road, and Portage Road commercial areas. • Consider development of an infrastructure plan and improvement program for the Shaver Road Industrial Corridor. • Continue to participate in area-wide annual surveys and visitations of major businesses in Portage and provide an inventory of vacant sites and structures for business retention and recruitment. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) . 13- 12 �- - - - - - ·- - - - - ... lllli .... llllli ... .... ... -- Table 13-1 (Conti.n ued) IMPLEMENTATION RECOMMENDATIONS Goal Category c. Revitalization and Redevelopment d. Regional Coordination 4. Housing • Strate2v Consider development of a program for preparing revitalization plans for the four Commercial Revitalization areas cove ring appropriate rezonings, public infrastructure improvements and financi al assistance and incentive programs. • Monitor private sector initiatives and address the timing and nature of public intervention for the redevelopment of residential areas such as the western one-third of the Della/Ruth area proposed for commercial. • Monitor private sector initiatives and encourage a redevelopment feasibility study of the Portage Steel property. • Consider development of a program to prepare corridor-wide rezoning plans for the office corridors along Centre Avenue and Milham Avenue. • Continue active participation in the business retention and recruitment efforts with the area-wide economic development agency. • Consider, with neighboring jurisdictions, economic development programs benefiting the community, when appropriate. • Consider rezoning planned areas to R-1 A or a new cluster housing district to create smaller lot neighborhoods. • Consider a planned mixed use district where the retail/office component is limited to less than 20% of the area. • Selectively rezone areas to the R-1T, RM-I and RM-2 districts to create a dispersed range of densities and housing types . • Protect viable residential areas from the inappropriate intrusion of non-residential uses. • Ensure the residential flavor of Portage through appropriate regulations, development project reviews, dissemination of information and ensuring public input. Continue housing winterization, comprehensive code enforcement, rehabilitation and paintup/fix-up programs. a. Residential Character b. Preservation and Maintenance • c. Development and Revitalization • Continue to implement the findings in the Housing Study/Needs Analysis (1993), including the annual Consolidated Plan . See 3.d. above. • Through the C.I.P. program, continue efficient and quality public services to accommodate housing growth. • Continue to utilize national and state recognized construction codes to ensure appropriate housing construction. • Continue innovative efforts which encourage the creation of housing opportunities through: assist non-profit organizations, tax exemption when appropriate, restoration of City acquired housing, and support of fair housing activities. • PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 13- 13 �(- - - - - - - - - - - - - ... -- ... 1111111 1111111 . ..... Table 13-1 (Continued) IMPLEMENTATION RECOMMENDATIONS Goal Cate2orv 5. Transportation a. Roadways b. Alternative Modes c. Bikeways/Wallcways • Strate2y Annually review the progress on proposed road improvements in the Portage Capital Improvement Program, and KATS Transportation Improvement Program. • Consider and plan for new roadways for development of the Shaver Road and Sprinkle Road Industrial Corridors. • Ensure adequate roadway facilities to accommodate new and expanded development through development project review. • Annually prepare the Major Thoroughfare Plan Status Report. • Continue to evaluate development projects within the Preservation, Conservation and Protection Corridors identified in the Major Thoroughfare Plan. • Undertake an alignment study for a street connection between Romence Road Parkway at Lovers Lane and Portage Road. • Update the socioeconomic data by travel analysis zone to reflect the future land use plan as part of the three-year update of the KATS Travel Model and review the adequacy of roadways and committed roadway improvements in Portage. • Require traffic impact studies for major developments to define the adequacy of roadways and to define necessary improvements and improvement responsibilities. • Continue to implement the access management program minimizing driveway entrances and emphasizing shared driveways and internal connections between adjacent parking areas. • Consider development of site design standards for alternative modes of transportation and incorporate them into the site design review process. • Through the development review program, ensure a site design that facilitates alternative modes of transportation. • See 5.b. above. • Review and modify all regulations to consider the addition of bikeways and sidewalks. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE Pl.AN UPDATE: MASTER Pl.AN REPORT (FINAL) 13-14 �1- ) - I _, - - l - --- I .... .... ... ... -i illaq ... -. -'!I Table 13-1 (Continued) IMPLEMENTATION .RECOMMENDATIONS GoaJ Category d. Railroads/ Airports • Strategy If abandoned rail right-of-way becomes available, conduct a corridor study to investigate reuse for transportation and recreation purposes. • Continue to participate in cooperative planning efforts with the Kalamazoo/Battle Creek Airport as appropriate . • Annually coordinate utility infrastructure improvements through the C.I.P . • Continue planning activities to protect existing water resources through continued implementation of the storm water master plan and wellhead protection plan. • Continue to guide development to areas of the City served by adequate public water and public sewer. • Consider establishing a mandatory water hook-up program . • Consider a program to require underground electric and telecommunication utilities . • Consider a program to require high-technology utility infrastructure for all developments . • Continue to maintain the existing public infrastructure . d. Parks and Cemeteries • See 7.a. below . e. Health • See 7.a. below . f. Cultural/Entertainment • See 7.a. below . • Prepare an updated City Centre area plan that provides for future governmental facilities . • In the annual C.I.P., continue to identify land needs for government facilities including cemeteries . b. Public Protection (police, fire , EMS) • Locate a site for a future fire station in the vicinity of Westnedge Avenue and Bacon Avenue to serve the southern portion of the City. c. Educational • Continue to regularly coordinate facility needs with appropriate units of government. 6. Utility Infrastructure a. General 7. Community Facilities a. General Government . W :\1600\mastrpt\tablel 3.1 PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 13-15 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Portage_Master-Plan_1996 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Portage City Planning Commission, City of Portage, Kalamazoo County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1996-08-15 Title A name given to the resource Municipal Comprehensive Plan Update, Master Plan Description An account of the resource The Municipal Comprehensive Plan Update, Master Plan was prepared by the Portage City Planning Commission with assistance from The Corradino Group and was adopted on August 15, 1996. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource The Corradino Group (consultant) Subject The topic of the resource Master plan reports Portage (Mich.) Kalamazoo County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/566673e8c58cc527a46232d13bcb9c42.mp4 8bd754db29358d22a1a1b62c6f323fa8 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/cfa5c3307893d940a7650692940d4923.pdf c5593e20271f4524de5868b963e7fa7f PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project James Porter (00:39:20) Childhood, Schooling, Manhattan Project Helper, Enlistment In The Navy • (00:23) Porter was born and raised in Chicago, Illinois, on the south side, in 1926 • (00:36) his father died when he was a baby; he was thirty-three years old when he died of tuberculosis • (00:47) his mother's boyfriend from before she married his father "showed up at the wake," and they married two months later he was an automobile mechanic, a union member, a millwright—Porter himself was a member of the same union, as a carpenter • • • (01:27) Porter had five siblings: there were three boys "by" his father; by his stepfather, there was another boy, a girl, then another boy there were six kids in his family, and six in his mother's family • (02:00) Porter went to Chicago Vocational High School, from which he graduated in 1944; it is a trade school, "all boys"; they had "ammunition, maintenance school, automobile school, machinist" [Porter was "taking machinist" at the time] • (03:00) in his fourth year of high school, he attended school for half a day because he worked: "sooner or later" he was put into a machine shop • (03:14) in his fourth year, seven or eight of those in the machine shop ended up working for the US government at the University of Chicago they did not know what they were doing until after the war—"helpin’ the Manhattan Project" the “young guys” usually got the "dirty" jobs: cutting the different diameters and lengths of graphite rods the men that worked there, the journeymen, with twelve years of drawing, "they didn't know why they were making it" • • • • (04:30) Porter worked at U of C in 1944, during his third and fourth years in high school; he go paid a dollar an hour—his stepfather was "only getting $1.25" • ***he probably worked at U of C in both 1943 and 1944, because he stated earlier that he graduated in ‘44*** • (05:09) [when asked by the interviewer] Porter did not remember anything specifically about Pearl Harbor day—"but I can remember when it was over" �• 0:05:40 [when they were seventeen or eighteen years old] they all thought they would be drafted and "that's why I went in the navy"; he enlisted on October 10, 1944 Basic Training • (06:03) Porter went to Great Lakes Naval Station [the Naval Training Station in Great Lakes, IL]; he picked the navy so he "wouldn't have to go in the mud" o he had fireman, engineering training • (06:42) Porter was at Great Lakes for eight weeks, ten weeks, or perhaps fifteen weeks; he went through basic and then interim training, and he was a fireman first class when he came out In The Navy, Japan And The Philippines • (06:56) he was sent to the Pacific; at Ulithi [Federated States of Micronesia, Caroline Islands] he “picked up” the ship he had been assigned to • (07:16) he departed from Shoemaker, California; he was “awful sick” during the first few days; the trip took perhaps “a couple of weeks”; the ship was about 450 feet long; they had a “small complement” of 150 people; he “took care of,” operated the boilers • (08:32) they had just left Iwo Jima when he picked up his ship • (09:10) “the crew was me against the whole East Coast”; he was the only one from the Midwest, and it was hard to get along with them—he never got out of his hold • (10:23) they “pulled up” at a small island where they planned to have a “beer party”; it was empty, the Japanese had gone, but there were caves walking around, they noticed ammunition and big “no smoking” signs they entered the caves and saw General Electric motors: “the Japs had all kinds of our stuff”—stolen or bought • • • • (11:15) everywhere Porter went, he met someone he knew from Chicago in San Francisco, they took a Liberty ship to Shoemaker; walking around, he encountered a paratroop in an army uniform whom he knew • (11:50) out in the Marianas [Northern Mariana Islands] they were going to refuel from one of their tankers—he did “the operations” when they were about to “take off on a tanker” his position was outside on the first deck, only eight feet above the water he heard someone calling his name—he looked down onto the main deck [of the tanker], and “taking care of the oil” was a guy he went to high school with • • • (13:04) but the people on Porters ship were “all from the East”; the “closest” �Porter thought was from Philadelphia, lots from Rhode Island • • (13:26) Porter forgot the names of islands “we didn’t fight at” but they went to the Philippines Manila was secure, but it “stunk”—“everybody was cookin” lots of guys went ashore on liberty, drank whisky, and they got “awful sick”— they were piled up on the dock; it was whisky made “over there,” they were unused to it, it was “different” • (14:43) he thinks they went to Okinawa, the only battle he was in, but in the “fireroom” he never got to see who was shooting what • (15:05) one of the guys yelled that the “old man” [the skipper] did not want anyone to fire the big gun [5”38] on the back end of the ship [Porter displays a picture] -the skipper said “I don’t want anybody firing that gun” • • • (15:44) Porter left his “watch” to see what was going on; he lights were all out inside and outside of the ship and the Japanese were making Kamikaze raids • 0:15:59 he opened the hatch and peeked out and saw an AP [auxiliary passenger] ship whereupon they had fired their 5/38 off the stern, alerting the Japanese just then a Kamikaze came down, into the fantail on that other ship, and it went poof • • • • • (16:43) they went down to the Philippines again, this time to Mindanao, in August of 1945 they were out in a canoe in the dark and “all of the sudden all kinds of shooting starts”; but it was “our ship”—it [the war] was over they got back and everybody was drunk, the skipper was probably drunk” Porter knows who dropped the bombs—“one of them anyhow”—someone in his extended family • (18:23) from the Philippines they retuned to Okinawa, and then went on to Japan; in Tokyo Bay they pulled up to the dock at Yokohama • • • (18:59) the ship next to Porter’s was his uncle’s the uncle “said he was comin’ over” but they did not let him go the engineering officer on Porter’s ship offered to “see if the old man” would let Porter go ashore—this was not accomplished until they were ready to leave the dock • (19:47) Porter got his pass, and the “old man” [skipper] told him if he did not get back [in time], he would be stuck there and considered AWOL; Porter took a small boat to shore and got off to see his uncle �• • • • • • • • • • (20:07) “they had just come back from fixing the only building standing”—a convent—they [the Americans] put the electricity back in for them there were no other buildings left in Yokohama: it was flat as a table top and burned out (20:31) Porter and his uncle chatted for a couple of hours, and Porter went back to his ship; then a typhoon hit aboard ship anchored in a bay, “you’re supposed to have an anchor watch”; apparently nobody watched, and they “were gettin’ blown dragging anchor all over” (21:05) their orders in the “fireroom” were to not answer bells; someone “up there” was ringing and wanted to get moving finally the skipper came down and told them “do what you’re told”: they built up the fire and the engines were started; they got power back they “chopped off” some other ship’s anchor chain, however, when their screws started turning (21:47) among the other ships anchored there was an LST; an LST has inner and outer doors—Porter’s ship tore off one of its outer doors in passing it—“our guys were watching” one of their chiefs climbed out on “this half a door,” put a chain around the outer half of the door and managed to close it “they were safe after that, we didn’t even hurt out ship” • (22:33) after a couple more days they were gone; they ended up going back to the United States a couple of months afterward; this was when the treaties were signed with Japan [the Japanese] • (22:52) that LST, when they came back to the US three months later—Porter’s ship was pulling up, and the guys that had been on deck and had seen what had happened [the door accident], recognized the number on the other ship they were docking next to it, and the guys on Porter’s ship said “those guys are gonna kill us” as they pulled in “the whole crew of that LST was cheering for us”; they went “straight home after that” [the accident], and it took them eight weeks to get to the US—an LST “does only about ten knots,” and that LST may have done only about five, from the Philippines • • • • • (23:44) Porter came straight to the US from Japan—it took them three weeks, but they did not go much faster [than the other LST]—fourteen knots his ship did twenty knots on a “shake-down” when it was newly built, “three weeks later it could only get fourteen, fifteen knots” (24:15) Porter went out in the Pacific in January and came back in September—so he was in the Pacific the better part of a year �• • • (24:31) he was “hot to trot” to get home to his girlfriend; when he got back home, he had a thirty-day leave, then was reassigned to a new ship and spent another year overseas when he enlisted, it was for the duration of the war plus one year, and he almost reached that extra one year, nine months of it, when he got discharged (25:30) there was an “all different” crew on the new ship; he was again a fireman; he forgot the places they went because he was, as he explained, “just biding my time”; there was no combat Family And Relatives In The Military • (25:58) his wife’s brother was killed in North Africa—he went to college and then enlisted; “he was “first generation in this country, and he got killed in a tank” • (26:27) every male in Porter’s family has been in the service • (26:32) he had a brother a year older than himself who was in the Air Force, the Seventh Air Force in Italy—twice he was shot down, but did not get “scratched” • (26:48) Porter’s Uncle Jack had two younger brothers, one in the Marines and one in the air corps [US Army Air Corps, which became the Air Force] the one in the Marines was in “every battle in the Pacific” his brother Ray was in the Air Force; he was not a pilot but he was “on the Boxcar,” the plane [B-29 bomber] that carried the bomb that was dropped on Nagasaki • • ***“Ray” was probably Staff Sergeant Ray Gallagher, gunner and assistant flight engineer on the Boxcar during that flight.” • (27:40) Porter’s next brother passed away while he was a young man; he was in the Air Force during the Korean War, assigned to headquarters and he spent three and a half years “over there” ***it could be assumed that this brother was one of the three sons of Porter’s mother’s first husband, as is the one who got shot down over Italy who was older than Porter*** •  (27:58) he had a “crazy” brother, a younger half-brother who joined the army, a “twenty-year-man”; he had five children, four boys and a girl and he served in Vietnam this guys younger brother, Porter’s “other youngest brother,” also went to Vietnam, but he was in the navy Back To Civilian Life: Mr. Porter’s Career At Commonwealth Edison, His Family • (28:42) Porter left the service in 1946 and came home; there were no jobs left at the university—“that was all washed up �• (28:56) “years later,” Porter read in the newspaper about a guy talking about lithium; he got tricked once: there was a big block that looked like iron on a bench; Porter thought he could lift it even if it weighed two hundred pounds, so he tried to pick it up and almost fell on his back—it actually weighed “only about two pounds” and he had braced himself for much more—it was beryllium; after he saw this in the paper, he thought that “this could be me,” but he also read in the paper that you had to be machining or grinding it and the dust was poisonous, so he “never did that” • (30:20) he waited a year, and then he and his wife got married, but he did not have a job the day before they married; he was a carpenter, and it was “off season” when they came back from the honeymoon, he did not tell his wife he did not have a job; he went down to the union hall, and he “went right back to work” six months later, at Christmas time, he got laid off again—there was “no way I could avoid telling her”; he was talked into working for Commonwealth Edison— forty-one years later, he quit   (31:19) what he did at Commonwealth Edison: he started out in the storage division of the purchasing department; he then moved into the “power plant”, the power generating station (31:46) he married in 1947 and started at Commonwealth Edison in 1948; in 1955, they bought their first house (31:58) they did not have their first girl until 1951, and three years later, they had a son; three years later, they had another girl; “somewhere in between,” maybe it was five years later—he had four girls and two boys  now he has four granddaughters and four grandsons (32:37) in 1989 Porter retired; he ended up in a nuclear plant; he transferred into quality assurance in 1975, and the family moved to Rockford, Illinois—they [he and his wife] were “done having children then”  quality assurance “got to be too much for me”—he enjoyed it at first but it got to be “a pain in the neck” Vacation And Travel, Summers In Wisconsin • (33:54) “what have I been doing with my time?” when his wife was “still around,” he was not retired yet—[Porter showed the interviewer a picture of President Truman’s home in Missouri] “bet you never guess whose house that is”—“his name’s Harry” • (34:31) the Porter’s had a summer home in northwestern Wisconsin: they still go there in the summers, but not to their place—they sold it because “it costs too much money now” [to maintain, it could be assumed, or to live there on a more �limited income—pensions and social security] • (34:47) Porter and his wife traveled in Europe, after he retired they went to Europe “a couple of times, went to Ireland”; the only place they did not like was France, or parts of it—the people were “lousy,” in Porter’s opinion, “worse than rude” • (35:09) they were in Monaco, and a certain gambling casino was not “open” to gamblers at the moment, but “open” to tourists; the uniformed guards knocked womens’ hats off and took their purses, telling them they had to “check in” the purses first Porter’s Stepfather And The French • (35:39) the “first experience” Porter had with the French was his stepfather, who told them that his family [meaning French] “was here” [the US] before theirs [Porter’s], since1772 • Porter told him “you were supposed to help us with that war against the English, but all you ever did was desert your own army”; his stepfather was both French and Irish • (36:15) Porter “never realized” that his stepfather had “quite a temper” until a cousin of his told him about it: the man hated Porter’s father because he had been his mother’s boyfriend before she married Porter’s father, and he beat up his dad before their wedding No Navy Reunions • (36:57) Porter has never gone to any navy reunions, but has belonged to the American Legion for fifty-five years or fifty-four [as of the time of the interview]: Commonwealth Edison Post 118 Retired And Moving Again • (37:19) "I'm not gonna be here [Michigan] much longer either; my son's leavin', he's gotta move." Porter does not have anybody, there is nobody up here for him—"my family's pretty much spread around"  he used to have a relative in California, but that relative died  grandson in Atlanta, Georgia  his youngest brother is in Wythe, White, Georgia, "out in the country"  his other daughter is in Memphis; she has had "a lot of practice" moving: she has moved seven times because of her husband's job • (38:33) “so I’ve gotta move again”; "I'm not gonna stay up here alone" • (38:39) [Porter, in response to a comment by the interviewer] “no this isn’t cold here”; “it's cold in Chicago, but it's colder where I lived, out in the middle of Illinois up by Wisconsin" ��NOTICE OF SEPARATION FROM U. S. NAVAL SERVICE NAVPERS-SS3 t. (REV.8-4S) ­ ~-- SERiAL OR FI:"'C; 1-00. I. RANK AND CLASSIP"ICATION NAME t. PERMANENT ADORES. FOR MAIL.ING PURPOSES 10 CHARACTER 0,. aEPAIIll:ATlON ... 7. ADORE• • FROM Yt'UCH EMPLOYMENT WILL S':: 110. -------" ~ 111. ....,.""=== 1140 REGISTERED ~Q II. \I.l U n o ~ ;.l n YEI NO MEANS OF ENTRY (INDICATE D ENLISTED DATI! en I'" II. U.S. CITIZEN (VES OR NO) OATE AND PLACE OP BIRTH -:-__ =..,-==c-==-.-,-===-~=-=====.,==~t,================== SELECTIVE SERVICE OOARD 0,. REGISTRATION ';;-CH~C-;-IN APPROPRIATE D INDUCTED DATE -'- .J I MARITAL STATUS BOX) , l5. --------:1-"-.-----'-·----------....::...,---------....,.-­ COMMISSIONED I II. PLACE 0" Em-ltV ,m-o ACTIVE SERV'CE DATE '""'-'- 1_ _ ._----.....,---­ -=-=--~:..::....::L__'_=~_':._c:c.. II. QUAUFICATIONS. CERTIFICATES HELD, ETC. U. FOREIGN ANOloft aKA &Iii:RvtCE WOlltLO WAR II ~ -< :z oLL. Q 1 --:---,-,-u. aoug.u:r: ......--:=:-=-1 SERVICE SCHOOLS COMP'LETED u. SERVICE (VESSEL. AND STATION. a&.. VI:D ON) WEEKS ~ 8 \I.l ce: = ... REMARKS r 37. OATES OF LAST EMPL'MT. II. NAME AND ADDRESS OF LAST EMPLOYER II, MAIN CIVILIAN OCCUPATION AND D. O. T. NO. FROM TO to. E. LOCALITY. AND GENEftAL ARI:A) It. JO PREFERENCE FOR ADDITIONAL TRAINING (TYP. OF TRAININO) 44. VOCATIONAL OR Y"ADI: COURSES (HATU .... AND LENGTH OF COUR.e) .,. NO....SERVICE EOU. (YRS. aUCCESs.FULLY COMPLETED) I , . , . DEGREES IoU. MAJOR COURSE OR IFIELD H. S., oil'. DATE OF aEPA"ATION I'" .'GNATURE OF PERaoN BEIN:> SEPARATED B TO: SELECTIVE SERVICE � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PorterJ Title A name given to the resource Porter, James (Interview outline and video), 2008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Porter, James Description An account of the resource James Porter served in the US Navy during the final year of WWII, and then spent forty-one years working for Commonwealth Edison, in Illinois. While still in high school, he worked at the University of Chicago, cutting graphite used in the Manhattan Project. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McCauslin, Kelly (Interviewer) Spring Lake District Library (Spring Lake, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans United States. Navy World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Video recordings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-02-16 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9d9c562a3393cae0832fb1f738a2af02.mp4 67a14683fe9940d906096291e8617713 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3692f9c82180ffc0c42b725d4116e206.pdf a8cc629347cc6e42bd06f4410d2da938 PDF Text Text GVSU Veteran’s History Project Iraq & Afghanistan Wars Chris Potter Interview Total Time: 20:48                  (00:10) Mr. Potter served in Iraq as a Marine o His rank was sergeant (00:40) Before joining the Marines, he played a lot of sports o Lived in Grandville, Michigan (1:07) Enlisted in the Marines because his father was in the Marines during the Vietnam War (1:40) In boot camp, he said he was initially scared; was hard to get used to (2:16) Didn’t go through specialized training; learned that they were the same as everyone else in the Marines (2:38) Mr. Potter was a squad leader o 3 fire teams and a corpsman o Taught different aspects of combat (2:58) Learned how to jump out of a helicopter o In charge of this; repelling, spy-roping (3:46) During 9/11 he was in boot camp; he had already joined the Marines during the August of that year (4:02) The base he trained at was in San Diego o During 9/11, they noticed the planes weren’t flying and wondered what happened after 2 days – which is when they learned what happened (4:52) Served in Iraq & Afghanistan o His job in Iraq was a fireteam leader, and in Afghanistan he was a squad leader o Saw active combat (5:20) Enjoyed the brotherhood he had with the guys he served with (6:11) Ate MRE’s – said they didn’t have a good effect on his body (7:34) Didn’t experience as much combat in Iraq as he did in Afghanistan (8:20) It was difficult to stay in touch with his family and friends back home (8:35) Recalls passing time with the guys he served by playing board games, etc. (9:00) They celebrated holidays o Once he was able to drink with his friend (10:05) Extended his service by a year to go to Afghanistan because he trained all of the guys who were going there o Got an extra month there to train new guys �       o Once he got back to Hawaii, he had to take classes for 2 weeks on how to live a civilian lifestyle o Says things in the military have changed now (11:05) Still friends with the people he served with (11:15) He now coaches hockey and goes to school (11:48) He learned a lot about how to manage people (13:50) Recalls a funny story (15:10) Used an M-16 o Favorite weapon was a 50 caliber machine gun although he didn’t get to use it in combat (16:20) Talks about a ‘battle rhythm’ o Different actions from different platoons (17:11) Mentions that he was in over 30 countries o This is why he wanted to join; to travel o Especially loved Hawaii, Australia, Thailand, Crete o Said there were parts of Afghanistan that were gorgeous o Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia was his favorite place � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PotterC1364V Title A name given to the resource Potter, Christopher (Interview outline and video), 2011 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Potter, Christopher Description An account of the resource Mr. Potter is from Grandville, Michigan. He enlisted in the Marine Corps in August, 2001, served in Iraq and Afghanistan as a Marine. His highest rank was sergeant. He received his training in San Diego, where he was a squad leader. In Iraq, Mr. Potter was a fire-team leader. In Afghanistan, he was a squad leader. He was able to travel to over 30 different countries throughout his military career. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Moore, Matt (Interviewer) Green, Tage (Interviewer) Caledonia High School (Caledonia, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings United States. Marine Corps Iraq War, 2003-2011--Personal narratives, American Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Other veterans & civilians--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011-11-15 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/44bdf428f271ca3ce6a2dfdde1357167.mp4 bcb79b05e76456dab1e8543082656e1b https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c6fefec6d79f024d38dfa4bee33d35cc.pdf 2d9ba32cf090183e95fb781f1c09957a PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veteran’s History Project Interview Gordon Potter Length of Interview (00:38:17) Pre-enlistment (00:00:31) Born 1937 in Byron Center, Michigan His father was in a grocery business, then went into the milk business when it didn’t work out Went to Byron Center Christian and finished high school at Unity Christian in Hudsonville , Michigan (1955) Enlistment/Training (00:01:33) Worked at grocery store, from ages 14-end of high school. Was working with a friend, Larry Christian, who had a cousin going into the Navy; Potter was asked to join them the summer of 1955 • Navy was accepting 2 year enlistments through the Naval Reserves at the time, a 6 year obligation and 2 years active (00:02:15) Potter thought that this would be a good time to go into the service because it was a time of peace, Korean War just ended (mid 1950’s); but was aware of Cold War tensions (00:02:59) Signed up at Naval Reserve Center in Byron Center (00:03:45) In Mid-November (Nov. 13th or 14th) began service (00:03:56) • Immediately ordered to report to Great Lakes, Illinois on Dec. 1, 1955 (00:04:15) • When arriving, a lengthy and thorough indoctrination process was carried out (00:05:45) Potter was then sent to the other side of the base and was assigned to a company (00:06:12) • Company 711, Potter’s company number (00:06:57) Trained in military discipline and conditioning but was mainly taught how to run equipment (00:07:41) • Did some close-order drill but not to the extent that Army and Marine branches did • Attended classes all day and learned about Semaphore, different types of guns, ammunition, weapons and how to operate them. Also attended firefighting school �Was a part of the Drum and Bugle Corps, morning and evening practices (00:08:23) Trained in Great Lakes for 9 weeks (00:09:26) • 8 weeks of basic training, 1 week of Service Week (maintaining the camp) • Potter did barracks duty • During training, was given several “Aptitude Tests” (00:10:26) Was offered to go to Radio or Sonar school but the Navy wasn’t inclined to send him to school unless he signed up for more service (1-2 years) Declined the offer but because of his clerical skills, he was given a clerical job Alameda Air Station (00:10:55) Sent to California in Alameda Air Station in a place called Commander Fleet Logistics Air Wing Pacific, an office building The building was HQ for transportation stations around the Pacific (Japan, Hawaii, and U.S. West Coast) Spent 19 months there performing clerical duties • Started out as a yeoman (00:11:54) Moved to a floor called the Aviation Store Keeper office (00:12:35) Assigned to a job called Bravo Allotment • Entailed sending request from squadrons for fuel and oil for airplanes to Washington, D.C., and then writing monthly reports on how much was used. Also kept financial records for fuel and oil. Since the job was not time consuming, he joined the softball team there (00:14:05) The majority of the officers were pilots, so a plane was assigned to them, a TF-1 Twin Engine (00:14:32) • When flying, a rule for pilots was to have a mechanic or an observer on board; Potter acted as an observer, sometimes �San Diego (00:20:20) In 1957, the Navy closed Potter’s assigned office, so he was first reassigned to a place called Brown Field in California, but was sent to VR 21 in San Diego instead (00:20:33) A week or two after arrival, he was given a job in charge of ordering materiel (00:21:51) • Processed supplies that mechanics ordered, sent the requests to suppliers, then did the paperwork for buying parts • Took Potter three weeks to straighten out paper work of previous employee After the Service Stayed in San Diego for 4 months until his 2 years of service in the Navy were up (00:22:48) Went back to civilian life in Byron Center (where his parents no longer lived in) and stayed there for 2 years working; but he was still a part of the Naval Reserve (00:24:02) Prior to Potter’s release in San Diego, the Navy had released a lot of people who had been drafted (around the time he had enlisted) causing Reserves to become loaded (00:25:11) • Naval Reserves offered the choice of Active Reserve At that time, Potter was a 3rd Class Petty Officer and had taken the written exam for 2nd Class, but had to go back into Active Reserve to see his results He declined the offer and stayed in Inactive Reserve for 4 years Was released in Nov. 1961 (00:26:39) Experience Gained (00:29:26) Started working in the Fire Department on June 15, 1960 on the West Side of Grand Rapids Over 20 years Potter went from firefighter, to rescue squad, then House Captain of the rescue squad (1975) • Went into a job that was more dangerous than his time in the military (00:33:06) Feels that because of his Naval Training, he is able to deal with people better; especially with the stresses of his career as a firefighter; his eyes were opened to a bigger world(00:33:22) Enjoyed his time in the Navy � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PotterG Title A name given to the resource Potter, Gordon (Interview outline and video), 2008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Potter, Gordon Description An account of the resource Gordon Potter enlisted into the Naval Reserve the summer of 1955. He trained in Great Lakes, Illinois and was assigned to Alameda Naval Air Station afterwards to do clerical work. His main job was managing fuel use for Bravo Allotment until he was transferred to San Diego where he continued doing clerical work. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Byron Area Historic Museum (Byron Center, Mich.) BCTV Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings United States. Navy Other veterans & civilians--Personal narratives Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-09-23 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/75285e186dea49177d21209721647c78.mp4 27b531c2fe64e8e6ca3a514b0d8df0f1 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4b6b262405185342348198b5dcef515b.pdf 62ff241f868dd8a5f49054dbfeea3086 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veteran's History Project Iraq James Potter Total Time (01:17:28) Introduction (00:00:14)  James Potter was born December 1985 in Muskegon, Michigan (00:00:25) ◦ James graduated from Mona Shores High School and grew up with eight other siblings (00:01:25) ◦ He joined the Army at age 17, before he graduated high school; One of his buddies had an uncle who was an Airborne Ranger- they both got out of school to take the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) and scored pretty well on it (00:02:06) ▪ He officially signed up for the military on October 23rd, 2003 (00:02:22)  James was sent to Ft. Leonard Wood in Missouri for basic training in Charlie Company 795 (00:06:15)  He left in January of 2005 for basic training and graduated on May 26th of 2005 (00:06:33) ◦ James picked 31 Bravo (Military Police) for his Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) (00:07:01) ◦ He thought he was mentally prepared for all the yelling at basic training but he comments he never realized how much he would expect (00:09:33) ◦ James was an athlete in high school and thought it would help as far as his training goes; he mentions that the exercises after a few weeks did catch up and he could barely move at times- he lost 96 pounds from basic and Advanced Infantry Training (AIT) in five and a half months (00:10:42) ▪ The MP training consisted of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) which were different laws as well as Law and Order training (00:13:10) ▪ A lot of the training dealt with what was going on in the Middle East as they geared their training towards that (00:15:17)  James ended up with the 114 MP Company out of Owosso, Michigan and worked with them for around four months (00:17:12)  On his very first drill, his unit asked for volunteers to go to Iraq but he was repeatedly shut down to go with the 46th MP Company (00:18:00) ◦ He was finally allowed to go and was so motivated to go because he had made a commitment to go to Iraq because he made a pact with one of his military buddies (00:19:07) ◦ The 46th MP was sent to Ft. Dix in New Jersey for intense training of integration into teams, squads, and platoons (00:20:14) ◦ They spent three months at Ft. Dix and then to Germany to Kuwait for two weeks, and finally to Baghdad International Airport in Iraq (00:23:08) Iraq (00:23:08)  In Kuwait, James' unit had to acclimate themselves to the intense heat; he mentions that some people went down as “heat casualties” while trying to adjust in Kuwait (00:24:50)  The first night James and his unit were in Iraq, they faced mortar attacks; air conditioning units �in their barracks were falling out of the walls and a fear took over James as he felt like he was in a war movie (00:28:27) ◦ James describes the process of how T-Wall barriers work and how because of them they didn't take any casualties that first night (00:29:40) ◦ The first morning in Iraq, James and his unit met all the people they were replacing and geared up as well (00:30:39) ◦ His mission was presence patrol and included a lot of driving around and waiting for something to happen; his deployment was supposed to last 15 months but only made it through eight and half months (00:31:32) ▪ James describes an incident where he and a group of soldiers were in their jeep and were faced off against a sniper that fired a few bullets into their jeep- they didn't know where any of it was really coming from (00:35:42) ▪ Interpreters worked with James' unit to help identify certain people- James' unit had four interpreters total; these people would have to cover up their faces and change names because they were working with Americans and that put them in danger (00:37:24)  James did not have a good impression of the Iraqi police he worked with; he didn't feel they were trustworthy and felt they didn't care for their country in general (00:40:23) ◦ Getting mortared was a regular occurrence for the base James was on; they were in uniform three almost his whole deployment- that meant you couldn't go outside without wearing eye protection, helmet, and vest along with a weapon with multiple magazines (00:42:22) ◦ During his deployment, three people ended up losing their lives while on patrol and sent quite a few people home with injuries- most of these injuries were caused by roadside bombs (00:43:57) ▪ Considering the circumstances, James' unit had a pretty high morale and had effective leadership as well (00:46:00)  On May 26th, 2007, James and the jeep he was in hit an explosively formed penetrator (EFP) and all four people were injured- he spent five months in the hospital and he almost lost his left arm and left eye (00:47:32)  James describes what happened in great detail the day the jeep was hit (00:47:32-00:50:20)  His injuries finally caught up with him as he saw muscle tissue hanging out from his own arm as someone told him he had a compound fracture (00:51:56)  James and a few other of the injured were flown on a black-hawk helicopter to the International Zone where there was a bigger hospital to be treated; he spent four days there and then was flown to Germany (00:55:04) ◦ After seven days in Germany, he was flown to Andrews AFB in Washington D.C for a night (00:56:56) ◦ From there he was sent to Womack Hospital at Ft. Bragg in North Carolina (00:58:15) ◦ James' left arm did not end up having to be amputated and he has some use of his fingers left still due to a surgery he went through (01:00:28) �Back to the United States (01:00:28)  James' current assignment is the 1436th Engineer Company; he ended up there because it was the closest armory to his house (01:01:58)  In 2010, he ended up deploying with the 1436th to Iraq (01:02:28) Back to Iraq (01:04:02)  James deployed with the 1436th Engineer Battalion to Iraq for his second deployment (01:04:06) ◦ On one of the patrols, they spotted and identified an EFP in the ground; they then waited for route clearance to confirm the EFP and then waited for the explosive ordinance disposal unit (EOD) to come out and dispose of the bomb (01:07:59) ◦ The second deployment to Iraq went much better for James as there was really only small incidents that would happen (01:09:40) ▪ James communicated with family and friends regularly on this deployment as opposed to his first deployment (01:12:21) ▪ The second deployment lasted 11 months as planned (01:12:57) Back to the United States (01:13:33)  James took a job back with the 46th MP Company about two years ago (01:13:57) ◦ He eventually took a position with the 1436th as a Admin Non-commissioned Officer (01:14:47) ◦ James comments that he didn't need any additional mental help but the military was great at providing the opportunity to go through it (01:17:08) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PotterJ1573V Title A name given to the resource Potter, James (Interview outline and video), 2014 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Potter, James Description An account of the resource James Potter was born in 1985 in Muskegon, Michigan. He joined the Army at age 17 before he graduated high school. He officially signed up on October 23rd, 2003 and was sent to Ft. Leonard Wood in Missouri for basic training in Charlie Company 795. He chose 31 Bravo as a Military Police for his military occupational specialty. He eventually joined the 46th MP Company and was sent to Iraq. His unit spent a few weeks in Kuwait to get acclimated to the weather. James' deployment was cut short to eight and a half months as opposed to 15. On May 26th, 2007, James was hit by an explosively formed penetrator; he almost loss the use of his left arm and left eye. After being treated back in the United States, he signed up for the 1436th Engineer Company and ended up redeploying to Iraq for a second time in 2010. His second deployment lasted 11 months. He still works with the 1436th as an Admin Non-commissioned Officer today. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Iraq War, 2003-2011--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-03-08 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ec8b5bb74de6502022cc457c4bc8db3f.mp4 05c8eda3688501239afed119d37943fc https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/21d688cc5cd4d67eddb753d075725835.pdf 8ff9c85196818026a0a0fd3db942e176 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Cornelius Potts (00:53:00) Pre-enlistment (00:05) • • • • Childhood (00:06) o Born in Grand Rapids on Jan. 5,1918 sometime. (00:07) Family (00:30) o His father was a carpenter & was able to find work during the Depression. His mother was a stay-at-home mom and took care of the kids. (01:03) Education (01:17) o Attended school through the 8th Grade. (01:28) His Job (01:33) o Afterwards, he mentions working at a farm and a gas station (01:44). o Recounts where he was when Pearl Harbor was attacked & listened very carefully to the radio for news on how the war was going in Europe. (02:35) Enlistment/Training (03:13) • • • Why he enlisted (03:14) o He enlisted b/c he mainly wanted to join and join his brother-in-law who was joining up. (03:47) Where he trained and what company he was in (04:35) o Didn’t remember where he trained. (04:35) o Briefly discusses his conduct & various things he learned in his program. (05:19) Among many things, he mentions his exceptional shooting abilities. (07:36) o After basic training, he joined the army band playing the French horn. Further mentions that there was nowhere in the service that someone was safe. (09:05) o Doesn’t remember when he left to go overseas. Stayed at an army base in Illinois before being shipped out to the Philippines in 1945. (11:32) o While there, he served with the 33rd Division. (12:10) Other relevant info about time in service (11:31) o Soon afterwards, Potts joined the band. He discusses doing various performances for army personnel & civilians alike. (14:07) o Reviews how he came to join the army with his brother-in-law. His brother served with the infantry. (16:35) Their individual units were in close proximity to each other on a few occasions. (18:39) Active Duty (18:51) • Voyage to the Philippines (19:31) o Potts briefly describe that he boarded a passenger ship. �o On board ship, he mentions what conditions living conditions were like. (20:50) Also mentions his seasickness on their journey to the Philippines. (22:08) • The Philippines (22:14) o Overview of his time in the Philippines (22:15)  Upon landing, he briefly relays his insights on the Philippines & its people. (22:57) His unit landed at a place near Baguio. (24:48)  By the time his unit got there the main Japanese force had left the area. While there it was his unit’s job to go into the jungle on patrol and round up Japanese soldiers. At times, Potts went on patrol. (25:58)  Much of the time, however, he spent his time with the band playing for various people such as Gen. Douglas McArthur (28:24) and Clarkson. (29:15)  Briefly describes his impressions of Japanese POWs. (30:01)  He further mentions how receptive the Filipinos were of the U.S.’s return to the Philippines. Potts mentions that they put local Filipino women to work carrying American GI ammo bags. (32:05)  Something not commonly known is that when American GI’s went into on their patrols Filipino women accompanied them. (33:10) o Living conditions (33:28)  American GIs, according to Potts, faced a monsoon-like climate with constant attacks from mosquitoes. Further mentions that GIs were equipped with medicines and mosquito netting. (34:48)  Many American GIs came down with malaria. Potts, however, never once contracted it. (35:57) o Discharge/other stories (36:16)  At WWII’s end Potts was still at Baguio, the Philippines. (36:37) Mentions further that when they left they were supposed to go to Manila and then Australia but something else happened. (37:50)  Briefly describes what his voyage aboard a passenger ship from the Philippines to Seattle, WA was like. (39:13) Mentions that he doesn’t remember what happened. Made a brief stop in Hawaii. (42:34)  Potts briefly mentions that while in the Philippines he encountered Japanese civilians who treated him with politeness & respect which was unheard of up until then b/c of American’s racial stereotypes of Japanese people. (42:52)  Upon arriving in Seattle, WA Potts took a train to Camp Grant, Illinois north of Chicago where he was discharged. (46:51)  Briefly mentions where his wife lived while he was in basic (48:32) and then mentions that she moved back to Michigan when he was sent to the Philippines. (49:54) After the service (50:02) • Adjusting to home (50:03) o After being discharged, Potts worked in a variety of capacities. However, he doesn’t remember what those capacities were. (51:21) o Briefly mentions that since he was in the Army band that he didn’t have a positive experience b/c he was treated badly. (52:01) Further shares his thoughts �regarding other Army experiences. (52:54) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PottsC Title A name given to the resource Potts, Cornelius (Interview outline and video), 2008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Potts, Cornelius Description An account of the resource Cornelius Potts is a World War II veteran who served in the U.S. Army from 1942 to 1945. While still in training, he was assigned to the 33rd Infantry Division's band. His unit was based near Seattle for some time, but eventually went to the Philippines and served on Luzon. Potts experienced combat, but primarily served with the band, entertaining dignitaries including Gen. MacArthur and President Quezon Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Byron Area Historic Museum (Byron Center, Mich.) BCTV Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans United States. Army World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Video recordings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-09-09 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8d9401efa2bf392ba48071c6fd689d0f.mp4 cc9b3b3380e395df3f78506e6465c043 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ef2c0a1e4f38f062560d5f7354bbe1f6.pdf a7560784a0afee996c7f7d75d82cddd5 PDF Text Text GrandValleyStateUniversity Veterans History Project World War II Vern Pouch (41:44) Background Information ()      Born March 4th 1927 in FruitportMichigan. (00:06) He served in the Navy reaching a rank of Ship’s Cook 1st Class. (00:11) Vern enlisted in the Navy in 1944 at the age of 17. (00:54) He has 1 brother who also served in the Navy during World War II and the Korean War. He also has 1 sister. (1:09) He quite high school at age 16. (1:34) Basic Training (1:53)    Vern’s training took place at Great Lakes Navel Base. (1:55) After completing his time in basic, Vern attended fire school in Virginia. (2:46) From Virginia he was sent to PittsburghPennsylvania where he picked his ship [an LST] up. (2:56) Voyage to the Pacific (3:7)          The ship traveled down the Ohio River, then to the Mississippi river. The ship then stopped in New OrleansLouisiana, where the men conducted some training. (4:00) A shake down cruise was given after leaving New Orleans. (4:37)] Next the ship was sent to GulfportMississippi, to pick up supplies. (5:00) Being young, when the ship was sent to New Guinea he doesn’t remember being very afraid to be going into a combat area. (5:48) To drop supplies in New Guinea, the supplies were loaded on LCTs. The LCTs beached themselves to unload the supplies. (6:47) When crossing the Pacific, Vern’s ship did have a destroyer escort. (7:37) When traveling across the Pacific, the men did spot whales and other wild life. (8:54) Vern had little difficulty adjusting to life aboard the ship although some men did get sick. His battle stationed was a loader on a 20 mm. gun. (9:57) Ammunition could be delivered to ships and transferred between ships while at sea. (11:55) The Invasion of the Philippines (Dec. 1944) ()       During landings in the Philippines, the men simply dropped their supplies using LSTs then evacuated. (12:40) The men did take fire while dropping the supplies. (12:55) During the Battle of the Philippians, the ship did come under fire by Japanese aircraft. (15:11) After the first landing, LSTs were sent back to the island to supply up for the invasion of Mindoro. (17:03) Vern witnessed Kamikaze pilots attack the dry dock in Leyte. (17:55) Vern also experiences several large storms while at sea, bad enough that it pocked holes in the �ship. (18:44) Invasion of Mindoro Late (Dec. 1944) (19:32)        In December of 1944 while off the coast of Mindoro, Vern’s ship was attacked by Japanese aircraft. This left the ship temporarily without power. (19:40) Due to the damages taken during the battle, the men were ordered to abandon ship. (22:00) Vern was attached to the ship as were most of the men. They did not want to leave the ship but were forced after explosions occurred below deck. (24:24) The men were given life jackets. (25:00) Vern held on to the side of a life while in the water but was unable to get on board. He recalls being bumped by what he believed to be sharks under water. After a short while, the men were picked up by a destroyer. (25:45) The men could not swim to shore because it was still occupied by Japanese. (27:18) The men were taken from the waters off Mindoro to Australia. Then the men were sent back to the U.S. on a 30 day survivor leave. (28:43) Service in the U.S. (30:53)   Vern was transferred to Treasure Island. Here he worked as a cook. His job consisted of purchasing sweet rolls and brewing coffee. (31:31) When the Atomic bombs were dropped, Vern had no knowledge as to what it was or the damage it was capable of creating. (33:45) End of War and End of Service (34:31)   He stayed in the Navy for a short while after the end of the war. (32:32) He met his wife and had 3 children (32:36) Thoughts on Service (35:00)      Vern would occasionally wake up violently in the middle of the night from night terrors. (35:21) Vern went on to drive Greyhound buses for 30 years. The military experience did assist him in this career. (36:00) There are several men from Vern’s service that he is still in touch with. (36:45) Vern’s advice for people to join the navy is to do what one is told to do and do it well. (39:50) Vern’s son served in the Navy as well during the Vietnam War. He served on an LST in the Delta. (40:20) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PouchV0668V Title A name given to the resource Pouch, Vern (Interview outline and video), 2010 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pouch, Vern Description An account of the resource Vern Pouch, born in Fruitport Michigan, enlisted in the Navy in 1944 at the age of seventeen. After training at Great Lakes and in Virginia, he joined the crew of a new LST and sailed with her from Pittsburgh to New Orleans, and then across the Pacific, where he participated in the invasion of the Philippines. Off Mindoro in December, 1944, his ship was badly damaged and abandoned, and the crew were rescued by a destroyer and taken to Australia. He served out the remainder of his enlistment as a cook on Treasure Island in California. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Bolthouse, Marv (Interviewer) Cole, Nick (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Navy Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010-07-27 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5e6cfaa12018fdd60696eceb1b3e308b.mp4 8814dce25c72c201ba99d168ac04e2f1 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0602a54549015cd51948a6298872d893.pdf 21ee796d8ec3e5b3815ef62c3e94d022 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview World War II Gabriel Powell Total Time – (02:03:58) Background            He had nine siblings o They were all born at their home (00:46) He was born in Algoma, Michigan on January 22, 1916 (00:55) o He was born on a farm o He also grew up on the farm (01:23) The farm had cattle, they farmed with horses, and always had hogs o His father would butcher the hogs (01:55) o The family always had pig liver to eat (02:39) He went to school through the eighth grade (02:56) o There was one teacher that switched grades and this did not allow them to read together (03:33) o The school had arithmetic  He was good in arithmetic When he was in high school he did not know how to read well enough to get through History and English courses (04:45) o He could never read well until he started reading his own newspaper o He still does not understand everything that he reads (05:11) He went to Rockford High School in the eleventh grade o That summer he got a job on a farm (05:44) o When school came, his father had to tell him to go back to school  He decided that he would stay near the farm and go to Sparta High School and graduate (05:57) He graduated from Sparta High School in 1936 when he was twenty years old (07:13) After he finished high school he continued to work on the farm in Sparta (07:46) He then went to help his uncle work on his farm o He helped them crush their corn and do other jobs (08:28) He then went to work for his two brothers that had bought their grandfathers farm o When he died, the estate was split up (08:50) o Their mother gave his brothers money for a down payment on the farm (08:57) After he was discharged from the service he became a carpenter o When he was getting paid he did not have a social security number and had to go and get one (12:20) �  He went down to the Union and had to join up o The next payday he was given a raise (12:36) o He was told that he should spend the money on new tools o When the Union asked him what he was getting paid and he told them, they mentioned that he must be a master carpenter (13:01) He remembers hearing about Pearl Harbor while on a maneuver in Louisiana (13:35) o They had just returned from a maneuver and heard the next morning that Pearl Harbor was hit o He was already in the military Enlistment/Training – (14:31)         He joined the military in 1941 (14:36) When he went to get an exam he was told that he should join the Army o He found out that they were taking volunteers before the draft (15:39) o He and his friend both volunteered  His friend ended up withdrawing (15:47) o He did not receive his call until February of 1941 After he received his call he reported to the armory in Grand Rapids, Michigan (16:10) o He remembers being lined up by a man that had been in World War I o He, alongside other volunteers, were taken by train to Kalamazoo, Michigan (16:37) When in the armory in Kalamazoo, the soldiers stripped down and were given their physical o They were weighed, measured, etc. (16:52) o Once they were finished and they put their civilian clothes back on, they all had to repeat an oath (17:32) The soldiers were then sent to Fort Sheridan, Illinois (17:55) o The soldiers were immediately divided He then went to a recruit center in Fort Knox, Kentucky for Basic Training (19:53) o Fort Sheridan had all nice and new barracks o There was a Sergeant there that had a cavalry hat (20:07)  He was a filthy talker (20:20) o When they called out his name, it did not sound like “Powell”. He asked if they meant “Powell”. The Sergeant then asked, “Don’t you know your name when you hear it?” (20:46) The soldiers had to go and march during training o The soldiers were divided into different groups (22:42) o He told one of the groups that they were infantry The barracks at Fort Knox were old World War I barracks (24:36) o They had Yellow Pine flooring that would give the soldiers slivers o They had beds that were not very high off the floor (25:00) �           He remembers one guy from Montana that was awake before the wake up calls (25:17) o He said to the guy, “You damn sheep herder, stay in bed like the rest of us.” The barracks were two stories tall – he was in the upstairs level (26:04) They were with a lot of regular Army men that had been in the military for years The soldiers would sometimes have to go on marches or hikes o There was one soldier that was extremely short and he would yell at him, “Hey, get up off your knees!” (27:05) At this point he was part of an Engineering Battalion (27:14) o He was chosen to be in the battalion because of his previous experiences working with corn huskers (27:22) o A lot of the men were from Nebraska in the corn fields His battalion was part of the 1st Armored Division (25:51) The 1st Armored Division would go to Louisiana and go on different maneuvers (28:30) o They would sometimes do maneuvers in Florida and Carolina as well (29:15) He received a furlough of ten days around Christmas time in 1941 (29:44) He and his battalion eventually went up to Pennsylvania and then went to Fort Dix, New Jersey (30:46) o They were there for quite a while o He remembers some men going to the PX (Post Exchange) and coming back with cupcakes (31:35) o He ordered chocolate and vanilla cupcakes They then traveled to New York and went to a warehouse with their barracks bags (32:22) o When they came out in the daylight he could see the Statue of Liberty and the American flag (32:38) o He boarded the HMS Queen Mary (32:42) The rooms aboard the ship were extremely small Active Duty – Part I – Ireland/Scotland/England – (33:18)     They traveled North and went towards Iceland (33:25) o They were first let out on the deck at night when they were near Iceland The ship would zigzag through the water (34:03) The ship arrived in Belfast, Ireland (34:12) o The soldiers were able to get off – they got into a little tug o The tug boat that he was on was used in the evacuation of Dunkirk (34:39) When they unloaded the tug boat, he was told that he would be given a meat pie when he was done unloading o He actually did get a meat pie that was made out of sheep (35:20) �             o They did not want them and gave them all to one of the other soldiers that did There was one night where he was put on guard in Ireland and he was drinking an ale (36:58) o He went down into the tavern and he had a gun with him because he was on guard  His Sergeant came down and he got worried because he was drunk on guard duty (37:15) The first meal he had in Ireland was biscuits and dried eggs (37:41) o The egg was so rotten that he could not eat it o The biscuits were so hard that he could hardly eat it as well (38:12) There was another guy that had been in the Marines that made some biscuits for the men (38:22) At this time he was sent to Mourne Park, Ireland (39:30) o At Mourne Park, there was one time when the Scottish band came and played for the soldiers (39:56) The soldiers did a lot of training when in Mourne Park (40:49) o At the time he was in E Company o They would be in formation and one general would come and point a whip at a soldier and say, “When did you shave? Get out of here you bum and go up and shave!” (41:31) While he was there, he decided that he would go down to the trucks – his corporal told him to lay under the truck and make it look like he was working on it (43:07) He was in Mourne Park for quite a while One day the captain told him to get a driver, a truck, and a loaded gun and go pick up a soldier that is locked up from being drunk (44:19) o When the soldier, his friend, got out, he told him that he needed to go get a drink (45:58) o When they got in the truck, he started drinking the alcohol and had to be held on to so that he would not fall out of the truck o As they got back to the company, he was put in the guard house (46:40) After Mourne Park, he traveled to across to England and Scotland a couple of times (48:10) Finally the whole division was shipped and landed in England o They went around Scotland and went through one town that was dark and had coal burning factories that made everything black (48:34) One day there was a drunk guy that was Russian that came in the barracks that threw his shoes at the lights to try and turn them off (49:23) He went to a town and missed his boat – he missed his bed check o Those that missed their bed checks had to pile up sod (50:31) o It was raining when they were doing it o He was used to that type of work from when he lived at home and worked on the farm (50:49) He never got to go to London when he was in England (51:26) o He went to Manchester, England o Manchester is where he missed his bed check (51:44) � He traveled next to the River Clyde in Scotland o They parked their trucks and slept in them (52:30) o They were supposed to eat in a warehouse but they did not like to  They would go to the PX to buy their meals (52:51) Active Duty – Part II – Algeria/Morocco/Northern Africa – (53:09)           When they got ready to go, there was an awful storm o The boat they got one was made to travel on a shallow draft (53:34) o They traveled right along the coastline and could see the lights in Spain (54:00) o They eventually met up with the convoy in Gibraltar (54:08) o They unloaded in Oran, Algeria (54:17) When they got off in Oran, they saw an Arab with a barracks bag When they next landed, there was a great deep bay He remembers having to carry a friend that had appendicitis to an ambulance (57:19) o There were six inches of snow that same night o His friend soon came back (57:46) There was still fighting in Tunisia when he landed in Algeria (58:41) o Rommel was still there fighting for the Germans One night they were traveling over mountains – they moved to the “mouse trap” (59:22) o The Germans had just sliced English forces back o He worked as a patrol officer in one of the streets o He saw a plane come in and strafe past the mountain (01:00:00)  He ran and took cover o One of his friends’ truck was hit – the truck had a pig inside of it (01:00:43) They started getting shelled by the Germans o One of the men jumped out – he ran out and tackled him (01:01:55) The 1st Armor came in with a lot of food and ammunition (01:02:35) o Part of the division was moving up with their guns and flamethrowers to burn the brush o The Germans fled over the hill and got down on low ground (01:03:21) o When they ran out of food and ammunition they surrendered (01:03:45)  They had a real scene of Germans coming in with truck loads of men They were told to go to Rabat, Morocco to have a good time (01:05:00) o They were told not to take on all the women in one day and drink all the whisky in one day o Soon a lot of celebrities from Hollywood were there (01:05:27) He met General Patton one time o After the Battle of the Bulge, Patton’s outfit ran out of gas �         Eisenhower took other Generals out and they saw Germans and Americans that were trying to keep warm that had frozen and died (01:08:26)  When people say that Patton had the “blood and guts”, he says that Patton had the guts, but it was the soldiers blood (01:08:37)  Patton did not care how many soldiers were used, just wanted glory for himself (01:08:54) The Germans surrender [in Tunisia] in May of 1943 (01:09:19) They then traveled to Algiers, Algeria (01:09:30) He and some other men were assigned to B Company o They would sometimes sell their mattress covers to go to the PX and buy some stuff o There was one guy that asked if he could join because he had one hundred dollars (01:12:02)  He told them that soldiers have to be careful because some kids would get robbed  When he asked if he could go, they all said “sure” (01:12:20) When they went in town, they were drinking and trying to lose the new guy o They ran out of brandy and told the new guy to go and buy some (01:12:47) o One of the other guys said no because the new guy was going to buy two bottles of brandy (01:12:54) o They all helped finish the two bottles of brandy When they got loaded and were preparing to go home, they were noisy on the street and a Canadian MP picked them up (01:13:17) o They went right in front of the man at the desk  He said, “Hand over your pocketbook” Then next morning they received C-rations when the new guy that they had lost came up to them (01:15:06) When he loaded his truck on the boat, they eventually got to one place that was like a giant bowl (01:15:50) o His truck was picked up in a giant net and swung over next to the boat o There were bombers that were going by and strafing (01:16:18) o He thought he was going to be hit He was eventually loaded in and they took off for shore (01:16:53) Active Duty – Part III – Italy Part I – Fixing Bridges – (01:19:03)    The ship that the truck was loaded on opened up and he was able to drive off There was a jeep on shore that was leading him where to go (01:19:21) o Some of the Company was already there when he arrived o He had to unload the truck without any help (01:19:41) At one point his steering wheel just spun and the steering wheel was broke loose o The gears stuck right out where he could see them (01:20:06) o He had to be picked up by a wrecker �          o He finally got the truck fixed and went back (01:20:20) When he had previously landed with the truck, he was in Italy (01:21:14) o He landed in [Battipaglia], Italy (01:21:28) He is then working near the Liri River in Italy (01:22:50) o There were at least thirteen bridges that they were working on o When the river thawed there was a lot of water in the river (01:23:20) On one of the bridges, a soldier told a tanker that he could not pass because the bridge was not reinforced for that much weight (01:23:51) o The tanker lieutenant told the soldier to get out of the way and they started going across o The bridge tipped over and fell apart (01:24:13) o The driver got tangled up in the camouflage net and drowned (01:24:28) Six bridges were lost during one flood when the Germans opened up the dams and let the water out o When it came time to salvage the bridges, he was the first one out (01:24:55) o They went down on the flats, got a load of stuff, and went to go climb back up and could not make it  He used a Phillips screwdriver as a shear pin on the winding cable that was pulling him up (01:26:05) o He eventually got up out of the flats When he arrived in Italy in fall of 1943, he works primarily as a bridge repairman (01:27:10) o This is when a lot of fighting is going on in Cassino, Italy (01:27:15) He spent his winter in the same part of Italy of where he was working on bridges When they went farther into Italy, they would go to mess halls that were loaded with local kids (01:27:53) o When they would finish eating, they would give the leftovers to the kids He traveled to Anzio, Italy (01:28:46) o He did not have trouble getting to shore in Anzio o He slept under his truck at night (01:29:01) o The Germans had a large battle ship [they had no navy in the Mediterranean, but had battleship-sized gun that they used against the Anzio beachhead] on guard  The next morning he was digging a fox hole (01:29:40) The big German battle ship hit something in the harbor o Cranes would pick up cubes of rubble and put them on the trucks (01:30:30  The trucks would dump them off (01:30:36)  One of the other companies would chip the blocks up and use it o They built up for themselves an area built with beams and sand bags  They would get shelled sometimes (01:32:18) Sometimes a British plane would fly over and they could tell because they were louder (01:32:34) o The Germans had a similar plane that would fly very low o They would sometimes drop popcorn flares (01:33:06) �   One time they hit the net covering a truck – it set the net on fire When they were there, they would sometimes wake up to a truck full of dead men laid in it (01:33:40) o They would pick them up at night and stop in their camp o The next morning they would bury the men (01:33:56) o There roads towards the beaches were loaded with crosses from where the men were buried (01:34:08) At this time he did not have much to do Active Duty – Part IV – Italy Part II – Injury/Mussolini’s Body – (01:34:38)       He then went to B Company o They were fed very well in B Company (01:35:01) One night, it was extremely foggy, he started driving and turned his truck around before getting out o When he got out, he heard a Tommy Gun go off (01:36:02) o It was a signal to get out o The next thing he saw was a squad of guys that had long billed hats (01:36:38)  They were Germans  They cut loose and started shooting at him (01:36:54)  It sounded like a hive of bees around him  They were shooting with tracers  They then got in the ditch (01:37:47)  He laid on his back because he had been caught by the barbed wire  It cut a hole in his lip (01:38:12)  It cut open his left arm and left his veins bare  He was losing a lot of blood When he got up from being on his back, he knew that they needed to get on the road (01:38:45) o He was confused and he stopped right by a tank He then got on a half-track (01:39:15) o He was riding on the roll bar o The door of the half-track was open  He was shooting at the Germans in the ditch (01:39:46) o During the firefight, he slipped off and laid in a field until he heard his truck starting up  When he heard his truck, he got up and jumped in (01:41:18)  There was an infantry soldier that he helped into the truck because he had been injured as well They eventually drove to where the brickwork was (01:43:15) o At that time he jumped up on a straw stack and went to sleep (01:43:26) The next day he got back to the Company o His truck had been taken to maintenance to get tires put on it (01:43:59) o He was staying in a dugout �              o At one point he heard an extremely loud boom that knocked him back into the dugout (01:44:25)  He thinks that some TNT was hit st The 1 Sergeant came and told him that he needed to go to the medics (01:44:50) o There was blood mixed with straw (01:45:01) o He did not realize it – he said that he was getting where he could clear his head and could see fine o He did not go to the medic (01:45:24)  If he had, he would have gotten a Purple Heart (01:45:29) He eventually went back to his Company His wound healed very well (01:45:40) He was in Anzio for quite a while (01:46:24) One time an ox was shot and brought back for the soldiers to eat They were fed extremely well (01:47:40) o They even made ice cream o Officers from other companies would go and eat with their officers (01:48:21) One of his officers was called a clown because of his big ears There was a Swedish guy from Minnesota that was on a truck that was never used to pull trailers. He pulled the copper tubing off his trailer and made a coil (01:49:35) o He would make alcohol that was almost completely clear (01:50:41)  They called it “White Lightning” o The soldiers would mix it with grapefruit so they could drink it (01:51:01) One time an officer cussed at another officer – he was ordered to dig a six foot hole that was deep enough to be over his head (01:52:36) o He was guarding the officer that was digging the hole o He was given some diluted alcohol – he eventually went in the hole and took turns digging with the officer (01:53:10) o When they were finished, they were told to fill the hole in and move over and dig another (01:53:29) When he traveled north, he went through Rome, Italy When he was traveling through Milan, Italy, they stopped right where Mussolini was (01:54:44) o He actually saw Mussolini hanging next to Clara Petacci (01:55:19)  Her skirts were fallen down over her eyes  He noticed the leather boots that Mussolini was wearing (01:55:42)  He was shot full of holes The next day he bought a postcard that had the picture of Mussolini strung up (01:56:12) When they were traveling north, they pulled off to the side of the road to let the kitchen truck catch up so they could eat a hot meal (01:56:58) o When they had everything out to eat, they noticed three German tanks that noticed them and started shooting in their direction (01:57:21) o He hit the ground every time he heard a shot go off Colonel Stanley was killed in Rome, Italy (01:58:17) �    His Company was 2nd Platoon o 1st Platoon built Bailey Bridges (01:59:23) o One time they came to a place when it was dark – they stayed where Germans had cut out trees for camouflage He drove a military Autocar (02:00:12) o The Autocar had a hard time fitting through many of the narrow Italian streets (02:01:09) The place he stayed in during the winter was extremely cold o The building was ripped open with holes (02:02:17) o They lived in regular Army tents (02:02:26) o They had their beds and cut barrels for a stove o They used airplane gas for fuel (02:02:49) One of the cooks had a small brown dog (02:03:42) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PowellG1465V Title A name given to the resource Powell, Gabriel (Interview outline and video), 2012 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Powell, Gabriel Description An account of the resource Gabriel Powell was born in Algoma, Michigan, in 1916. He grew up on a farm and worked as a carpenter until he enlisted into the military in 1941. He trained at Fort Knox, Kentucky, and was assigned to the engineer battalion of the 1st Armored Division. He went with his unit to Northern Ireland, and then to Scotland and England before landing in Algeria in 1942. He participated in the North African and Italian campaigns, mostly working on bridge construction and repair, and stayed with his unit until the war in Europe ended in 1945. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-11-18 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives