735 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a903b9e4e687843c7cc0232d760c6cb1.jpg 9c4e68e62464021c79223c0851d06b9b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_NE_68_1928_004 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928-04-29 Title A name given to the resource Muir Grove Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a group of people sitting on logs in a forest. Part of a camera on a stand is visible on the left side of the image. Subject The topic of the resource California Trees Portraits, Group Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ba685df32e6f52a68d26a15745accc4e.mp4 80a3c3cfe5211bf2f29825d49d910295 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/eccf74ce6a4f5704c7e8c5086f236ce9.pdf b1648c73cdbe7d97447bcc8701ff0737 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Jerry Muir World War II (1:04:02) Background Information (00:56)            Born April 14 1924 in Grand Rapids Michigan. (1:04) He grew Up in Grand Rapids and attended East Grand Rapids High School. (1:15) He had 1 brother and 1 sister. (1:33) His father made a living repairing cars. (1:40) The family did not have steady income during the Depression. (2:00) His Father was a World War I veteran. (2:32) Jerry heard of Pearl Harbor while working as an usher. Jerry worked as an usher from 19391943. (3:29) After hearing of Pearl Harbor, Jerry expected to be drafted. (5:44) He did assist his dad with car repairs occasionally. (6:10) He was drafted in June of 1943. (6:27) He was then sent to Fort Custer, Michigan. Here he was interviewed to see what sort of job he may be qualified for. (6:40) th Basic Training (7:20)            He began his training at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. (7:25) Jerry was taken to Fort Sill via train. The trip took approx. 3 days. (7:38) When arriving at Fort Sill, Jerry was placed in the Signal Corps. Here he was taught Morse Code. (9:10) There was an opportunity that arose for Jerry to join the Air Force (Army Air Corps) due to the need for additional men. (10:48) After being approved for the Air Corps, Jerry was sent to Oklahoma Baptist University where he was to learn more advanced mathematics and physics. After 3 months of the 6 month program Jerry was pulled. (12:16) Due to the production of the P51 Mustang and its extended range, the need for additional men in the Air Corps (for bomber crews to replace combat losses) was no longer present. (14:25) Jerry was sent back to ground forces and placed in the Quartermaster department at Fort Warren, Wyoming in the spring/summer of 1944. (14:30) The elevated altitude in Wyoming made it difficult for Jerry to go on longer runs. (15:17) Jerry had a motorcycle shipped to him by truck while he was at Fort Warren. (16:15) Every Sunday, which the soldiers had off, Jerry took his motorcycle on rides into town. (17:56) Jerry was given a 2 week furlough before being sent to San Francisco, California. (18:40) Voyage to the Pacific (19:55) �       Jerry traveled on a converted cargo ship. (20:19) The voyage from San Francisco to New Guinea took approx. 1 month. (21:10) The ship was not in a convoy. (21:25) The men were then sent to the 4 replacement center on Luzon in the Philippines where he stayed for 1 month. (22:08) Some of the men he was sent with were sent to a trucking company outside Manila. Board, Jerry decided to go along as well. He was not stopped. (22:52) The men were sent to Manila by ship and than by train. (23:30) Once Jerry arrived at the shipping company, he was sent back because he was not assigned there. (24:00) th Service on the J.M Davis (24:20)          He was than assigned to the J.M. Davis. The ship, however, was unable to be found. After searching for 1 week, Jerry was sent to the wrong location. (24:38) Jerry was assigned to do electrical work as well as radio work once aboard the ship. (25:15) While on the J.M Davis, the men decided to restructure the communication devices on the ship so that it could more easily communicate with other vessels. (26:00) In June of 1945, the J.M. Davis was to sail to the Philippines. Before the ship was sent to a dry dock at Manus Island where the ship was painted. The J.M. Davis was used as a sort of repair depot for the Army’s supply and transport ships. (29:02) Aboard the J.M. Davis the men had very good food. In fact, the men grew “sick of steak.” (31:55) While in the Philippines, Jerry met his cousin who was in the USO. She was working in a play that was showing in Manila. (33:11) The ship was anchored in the bay in Manila. (34:44) When the war ended in August of 1945, the J.M. Davis was moving toward Tokyo bay. The ship eventually docked at a pier in Yokohama ,Japan. (35:39) Service after Surrender (36:56)        After the war ended the men still repaired other ships. However, the time after the war felt like “a vacation.” (36:58) When going ashore on Yokohama there was very little there, most of the city was bombed out. (37:14) Jerry did visit Tokyo. (37:40) The Japanese civilians were very nice to the American Soldiers. (38:05) One of Jerry’s friends from the service began seeing a Japanese girl while in Yokohama. The girl’s father owned a hardware store. While out with the girl, a former Japanese Soldier spotted them and began shouting at her and the GI. (39:40) Cigarettes were very valuable for trading with the Japanese civilians. (41:09) While waiting to go home, the men were showed a garage full of military rifles for the men to take home as souvenirs. Enlisted men were allowed a rifle, and officers were aloud a rifle and a pistol. Jerry took neither. (42:40) �    He was sent back to the Seattle, Washington on a Liberty Ship. It stormed for the entire voyage. (44:30) Next Jerry was sent to Fort MacArthur Los Angeles. Jerry’s discharge was postponed 1 month due to dental work he required. (46:00) When his oral surgery was complete Jerry was discharged from Fort MacArthur in fall of 1945. He was picked up and taken home by his parents. (48:27) Life after Service (49:05)     For 1 year after service Jerry did very little. (49:12) Jerry worked for a radio station for a short period. (49:40) He then worked in Kelvinator and then was a spot welder. (50:00) Jerry than worked at Steelcase for 30 years until he retired. (50:48) Thoughts on Service (51:16)          He did similar work in the military as he did while he was at home. (51:29) He thought his ship was run well and that his officers were fair. The ship was run by the Coast Guard but the Army did all the repairs. (51:45) While stationed in Japan, Jerry used a home-made flotation device which he used to swim by a Japanese shipwreck. (53:40) Jerry saw very little of the native population while in New Guinea. There was one occasion when the natives tried to sell the soldiers things in exchange for cigarettes. (55:55) While waiting for the J.M. Davis, Jerry did encounter a native man who looked as though he was ready to battle Jerry. (59:11) Natives did work in the mess halls at times or on bases. (1:00:00) Jerry saw some of the Filipino population as well. (1:00:30) While in the Philippines, one of his fellow soldiers who made a catcall at a girl was yelled at by a the girl’s mother(1:01:34) Manila was mostly GIs and USO members. Jerry did not see many natives while stationed there. (1:02:30) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MuirJ1290V Title A name given to the resource Muir, Jerry (Interview outline and video), 2011 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Muir, Jerry Description An account of the resource Jerry Muir, born April 14th 1924 in Grand Rapids ,Michigan, was drafted into the U.S. Army in 1943. Sent to Fort Sill, Oklahoma for basic training, he was assigned to the Signal Corps and began learning Morse Code. He took an opportunity to transfer to the Army Air Corps, and spend several months taking college courses in preparation for flight training, but the program shut down after three months, and he was now sent to Fort Warren, Wyoming, for Quartermaster Corps training. After this, he want by ship to New Guinea, and then to a replacement depot in the Philippines, where he waited over a month for an assignment. He was eventually assigned to the J.M. Davis, a ship that provided repair services for Army transport ships. He served aboard the Davis for the last few months of the war, and went to Yokohama, Japan, after the surrender. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011-11-01 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0838165de6189fb1dbfca823597d1dfd.mp4 3679cd77f789d1d41ad1ac4efb597f51 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f71dbeee5fe44bdcfb8087fa66d8e0c2.pdf 5733168a64758138c684989fde004434 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans' History Project Dr. Richard Muir Vietnam War 51 minutes 10 seconds (00:00:10) Early Life -Born in Grand Rapids, Michigan on November 2, 1939 -Grew up in Grand Rapids -Went to Ottawa Hills High School -Father was a partner in the Muir Pharmacy chain -Had two older sisters and one younger brother -Went to Northwestern University, Illinois after high school -Graduated from high school in 1957 -Married his high school sweetheart in the fall of 1957 -After a year at Northwestern University he and his wife transferred to Albion College, Michigan -Finished his pre-med coursework there -Had a child in 1958 and another in 1960 -Got financial support from his father and worked for A&P Grocers -Also was a referee for sporting events -Wife graduated from Wayne State University in 1962 -He went to medical school at Wayne State University -Wasn't largely aware of Cold War events happening in the early 1960s -Focused on completing medical school and raising a family -Had to complete four years of medical school, then one year of internship -Did his internship from 1965-1966 -Hoping to go into orthopedics (00:02:58) Getting Drafted -Received a draft letter in spring 1966 -Said that he was going to be inducted into the Army as a lieutenant -Army needed doctors for the war that was escalating in Vietnam (00:03:42) Training Pt. 1 -Reported to Fort Sam Houston, Texas in August 1966 -Taught how to march -Taught some basic non-surgical wound treatments -Took an additional course on tropical medicine because he was going to be sent to Vietnam -He had volunteered for service in Vietnam -Did not want to be stuck in the U.S. for two years doing boring work -Believed, at the time, that the spread of communism needed to be stopped -Left Fort Sam Houston in late October 1966 (00:05:14) Deployment Pt. 1 -Reported to Travis Air Force Base, California on November 2, 1966 for his deployment -From there he was flown to South Vietnam �(00:05:22) Training Pt. 2 -At Fort Sam Houston for two and a half months -Six weeks of basic training -Four weeks of the tropical medicine course -He trained with a group of doctors, dentists, and veterinarians -Army basically gave up on trying to give them standard basic training -The closest thing they got was going on the infiltration course -Crawling under barbed wire while a machine gun was fired over him -The tropical medicine course was focused on learning abbout tropical diseases -Specifically malaria, bubonic plague, etc. -Had that course because he was was going to be assigned to a hospital -Didn't know where, but knew it would be a provincial civilian hospital -Also taught how to treat tropical infections and parasites (00:07:51) Deployment Pt. 2 -He reported to Travis Air Force Base and his plane had already left -Had to stay a night at Travis to wait for the next flight to South Vietnam -Next day caught a flight that would take him to Saigon -Flew there on a chartered civilian plane -Deployed to South Vietnam as a captain -Promoted to the rank of captain when he reported to Fort Sam Houston -Stopped at Okinawa and then flew to Tan Son Nhut Air Base, South Vietnam (00:09:05) Arrival in South Vietnam -Landed in the morning -It was already hot and humid -Could not find anyone on the base that could tell him where to go -He was taken to a building where assignments were being given to incoming soldiers -Eventually got taken to the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam compound in Saigon -No one knew where he was supposed to go -After a week there he finally received his orders (00:10:54) Stationed in Pleiku -Taken north on a DC-3 to Pleiku -It was in the Central Highlands in II Corps near the Laotian border -Assigned to the MACV compound in Pleiku -Taking over the Military Provincial Health Assistance Program -Purpose of that program was to go to a provincial hospital to help the Vietnamese -Treating civilians and training medical personnel -Met with doctors and noncommissioned officers -Went to the hospital in Pleiku the next day -It was an old French hospital -Got his orientation on the job -The French hospital was composed of various one story buildings -A surgical building and two medical buildings -They were basic facilities that looked more like barracks -He was made the commanding officer �-Had a disagreement with another doctor -Someone had to take over surgery while another took over medicine -He eventually got to do surgery -Felt that the other doctor was incompetent when it came to surgery -Sought help from the career noncommissioned officers that had more experience (00:16:25) Treating and Working with the Vietnamese Pt. 1 -The medical facilities were primitive -Families would stay with patients -Cooked meals in the hospital next to the patient -Treated Vietnamese civilians, but no military personnel -Took care of the Vietnamese and the Montagnards -The Vietnamese refused to be with the Montagnards -Had a handful of Vietnamese interpreters to help him and the other doctors -They were wonderful people -Got in touch with one interpreter decades after the war -Interpreters would communicate with the Montagnards -Ability to communicate was more limited though -Some of the Vietnamese in the hills only spoke French -He spoke a little French, so he could communicate with them -Saw a lot of people come in with wounds from bullets and/or landmines -Burns from house fires -Injuries related to vehicle accidents -Snake bites were also common and festering by the time the patients got to the hospital -Wounds from punji sticks -Punji sticks: Booby traps used by the Viet Cong, sticks in pits smeared in feces -Had to perform a lot of amputations -Hospital got its supplies from the United States government -Had an anesthetic machine that no one knew how to use -Had to rely on novocaine injections for local anesthetic -Had to bring patients with abdominal wounds to the base at Pleiku -Treated at the Mobile Army Surgical Hospital (00:21:04) Living Conditions and Downtime -Lived with four other men -Spent a few weeks by himself because the other men were in the field or elsewhere -At first he was depressed because he didn't receive any mail for a couple weeks -The mail eventually reached him which was a morale boost -Played basketball with his roommates once they returned -Passed the time by reading -Would return to the base at night to eat dinner -Very rarely left the base after coming back from the hospital -Only went to the hospital at night if he was concerned about a patient -Had Vietnamese civilians that were approved to work on the base -Cleaned, made beds, and cooked (00:23:35) Evidence of the War �-There were no frontlines, so the war was technically everywhere -The 4th Infantry Division was operating out of Pleiku at the time -When he went to the hospital he would see their vehicles on the road (00:24:03) Treating and Working with the Vietnamese Pt. 2 -There was an airbase that they would fly out of into the mountains -There were a couple bubonic plague outbreaks in the mountains -Used streptomycin to treat the infection -Some people had pneumonic plague -Plague had reached the lungs and was not treatable -Had a mortality rate of 100% -It was interesting to go into the field by helicopter -Flew at tree top level to avoid being shot at by the Viet Cong -Drove out to a village once and heard gunshots -Thought it was combat -Turned out to just be the signal for the village people to gather for treatment -The Montagnard villages were composed of buildings built on stilts -Livestock lived under the houses -Very primitive, but resourceful people -The Montagnards were much less demanding than the Vietnamese -More docile and friendly -Thought that they were better looking people -Didn't see any with modern weapons -Only armed with crossbows -Always suspected that some patients were part of the Viet Cong -Treated them anyway -Wasn't aware of any major Viet Cong activity in Pleiku though -More afraid of being kidnapped than being shot -Knew that doctors would get kidnapped and taken to treat VC soldiers -The South Vietnamese medical personnel were called technicians -Had very little, if any, medical training -He taught them how to put on casts and apply dressings -They would assist with surgeries -Got to know some of them pretty well (00:28:46) Medical and Humanitarian Work Pt. 1 -His job didn't change much over the course of the year that he spent in South Vietnam -Dealt with chronic intestinal parasites, chronic malaria, and tuberculosis -He was able to get running water for the hospital -Built some basic storage for medical supplies -Built a cooking shed for the family members of patients to use for cooking -This was to prevent any accidents from happening inside the hospital (00:29:55) The Vietnamese -The Vietnamese families were no different than American families -Different customs, still people though -Loved their children �-Very close knit -Remembers one patient that had tetanus that was being watched over by his family -After a week he was able to eat again -Wound up choking on a piece of food, aspirated, and died (00:30:48) Travelling -He spent most of his time in Pleiku either on the base or at the hospital -Visited a friend in Nha Trang -Visited a former classmate from medical school who was in Da Nang -Went down to Saigon once to fill out paperwork due to a stolen jeep -Prostitution was very prevalent in Saigon -Prostitutes would knock on doors looking for potential customers -Went on R&R twice -Once to Hawaii to see his wife -Another time to Bangkok, Thailand -Had initially planned to meet his father in Hong Kong -He had served in the Navy in World War I and loved Asia -At the last minute his father decided not to go -Felt that he was too old to travel that much -The medical facilities were much better in Nha Trang and Da Nang -This was due to their being American military medical facilities -While in Nha Trang he contracted Dengue fever -Stayed in an American hospital for four of five days until he was healthy again (00:33:01) Disease -Took an anti-malaria pill -Made him sick though, so he stopped taking it -Never contracted malaria while he was in Vietnam (00:33:15) Opinion of the War -Initially, he was very supportive of the war -After three months of being in Vietnam his opinion changed -Saw how much the civilians were suffering due to the war -Saw that democracy wouldn't work in Vietnam -Too rural and too uneducated for a Western democracy to work -Felt that a lot of the South Vietnamese officials were corrupt -Didn't care about the majority of the Vietnamese civilians, or the Montagnards (00:34:53) Discipline Issues Pt. 1 -Believes that the jeep that was stolen was probably stolen by an American serviceman -Theft wasn't a major issue though -Didn't have much morphine on hand, so didn't worry about it being stolen -Did have codeine and other oral narcotics -Once the storage was built he kept the codeine and narcotics locked in there (00:36:28) American Medical Personnel -The medical service officer was a good man from Minnesota -A new medical officer that later arrived was a good man and they became friends -Stayed friends until his death after the war �-He and his wife are still in touch with that officer's widow -The one incompetent officer was rotated out and replaced with a better officer -Got along with the new man much better -More qualified and more personable -The noncommissioned officers were very helpful -The younger enlisted men worked as medical staff -Most, if not all, of the medics were in the field with the infantry (00:38:24) Discipline Issues Pt. 2 -Overall, the American medical staff were good to work with -A couple of the men were lazy, but otherwise good men -One man was a pedophile -He was caught and dealt with by the military legal system -One man was grossly overweight and had to be rotated out -A lot of the men had problems with alcohol -Never caused any work issues, but it was apparent that they had a problem with alcohol (00:39:28) Communication with Home -Communicated with home by way of letters and audio tape -It was a great morale boost to hear the voices of his wife and children -Communicated with his parents, sisters, aunts, and his brother (00:40:09) Delivering a Baby -One time he and another doctor (OB/GYN) flew up to a village to help deliver a baby -The placenta was blocking the baby from being delivered -Transported the woman by helicopter to a Special Forces hospital -Delivered the baby there via a C section (00:41:06) Medical and Humanitarian Work Pt. 2 -Went to Quinn Yan to visit a Quaker prosthetic center -The center was funded by the Quakers -Taught the Vietnamese how to make prosthetics -Helped teach them about rehabilitation -Helped find a plastic surgeon for a woman with severe burns -She wound up getting the plastic surgery which made her happy -Didn't leave Pleiku for medical work very often -Generally just worked in the hospital in Pleiku -Hopes that he gave the Vietnamese some medical knowledge and good will -Isn't sure about how much it helped though (00:43:05) Revisiting Vietnam -Visited Vietnam in 2001 with his wife -Could not visit Pleiku because it was off limits for foreigners -Saw Hanoi, Hue, Da Nang, Cam Ranh Bay, and Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City) -It was a week long trip -It was a very different country -Most of the young people had no concept of the war -Free enterprise and small shops were abundant and thriving -There was no bitterness among the Vietnamese, even in Hanoi -Saw that communism was slowly being replaced with capitalism anyway �(00:44:32) Coming Home -Wasn't sure when he was supposed to leave South Vietnam -Knew that it would be sometime in November 1967 -Eventually received his orders to return to the United States -Went down to Cam Ranh Bay and then went to Saigon to board a plane -Everyone on the plane clapped when they left the ground -Landed at Travis Air Force Base -It was cold when they landed -Flew from Travis Air Force Base to Detroit -Didn't see any protestors in the United States -Even travelling in uniform he didn't face any animosity (00:45:58) End of Service -Sent to Fort MacArthur in San Pedro, California -Worked at their outpatient clinic for soldiers -Stationed there for nine months until he was discharged (00:46:16) Life after the War -Returned to Detroit -Lived there until 1979 -Wanted to move to California once their children were in college -Moved to California in 1979 and has lived there ever since -Went into orthopedics -Practiced in Detroit from 1973-1979 -Practiced in North San Diego County from 1979-July 2014 -The Army had tried to convince him to reenlist -Offered a promotion to the rank of major -Did not consider it at all -Wife wishes that he had because it would have made their lives easier (00:47:42) Reflections on Service Pt. 1 -Doesn't regret being in the Army -He is actually glad that he got drafted -Feels that it was a wonderful experience -Has tremendous respect for the military (00:47:56) Major Events of the 1960s -Didn't pay much attention to the Vietnam War after he returned -Does remember when Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated -Does remember when Bobby Kennedy was assassinated -Just focused on his family -Paid some attention to the war -Didn't think that the U.S. was accomplishing what they wanted to (00:49:44) Reflections on Service Pt. 2 -Grew a lot emotionally -Learning how to take care of other people -Learning how to be more self reliant -Took pride in knowing that he went to Vietnam and did what he could to help the people -Has a greater respect for the military -It was a positive experience �-Growing experience for his wife as well -Made their relationship stronger � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_MuirR1753V Title A name given to the resource Muir, Richard V (Interview outline and video), 2015 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-05-04 Description An account of the resource Dr. Richard Muir was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan on November 2, 1939. After graduating from high school in 1957 he attended Northwestern University, Albion College, and Wayne State University studying medicine. After completing his internship in 1966 he was drafted in spring 1966 and reported for active duty in August 1966. He received training at Fort Sam Houston, Texas and volunteered to be deployed to Vietnam. He reported to Travis Air Force Base, California on November 2, 1966 to be deployed to Vietnam. He was stationed in Pleiku where he worked at a provincial civilian hospital treating civilians and training Vietnamese medical personnel. He also would go into the hills and villages of Vietnam to treat the Montagnards as well as rural Vietnamese. He was sent back to the United States in November 1967. He was stationed at Fort MacArthur, California for nine months and was discharged from there. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Muir, Richard V. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Moving Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b8febe07b632f960fe058bb89451c318.mp4 8fde5953768e0fc2105c4f37d6e60b50 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/7987f3472d9c753bd567fdf15998b04b.pdf 7c311971099a81e1b15bd2754dbbbb7b PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Title Mulbrecht, Fred (Interview outline and video), 2012 Subject World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American; United States. Army Air Corps; United States. National Guard Description Fred Mulbrecht served in the U.S. Army Air Corps as an aircraft mechanic from 1942-1944 in Italy during World War II. Prior to joining the service, Fred was in the National Guard. After being drafted in 1942, he aspired to be a pilot but instead was made a mechanic. Fred’s training was undergone at Kistler Field Virginia as well as several private schools in New Orleans and Detroit. In late 1943 Fred was sent to a unit of the 15th Air Force in Foggia, Italy, where he spent all his service until he was discharged in 1944. Creator Contributor (Interviewer/Affiliation) Mulbrecht, Fred Date 2012-09-20 FMulbrecht1441V Digital Identification Smither, James (Interviewer); Barnum, Rich (Interviewer) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MulbrechtF1441V Title A name given to the resource Mulbrecht, Fred (Interview outline and video), 2012 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mulbrecht, Fred Description An account of the resource Fred Mulbrecht served in the U.S. Army Air Corps as an aircraft mechanic from 1942-1944 in Italy during World War II. Prior to joining the service, Fred was in the National Guard. After being drafted in 1942, he aspired to be a pilot but instead was made a mechanic. Fred's training was undergone at Kistler Field Virginia as well as several private schools in New Orleans and Detroit. In late 1943 Fred was sent to a unit of the 15th Air Force in Foggia, Italy, where he spent all his service until he was discharged in 1944. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Barnum, Rich (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Air Corps United States. National Guard Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-09-20 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4161ad2682cdcb119efe5dc19a7d8baa.mp4 5c51ed85ba75a6eec2e3cf25508435bb https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/53aa7c5b0a59974e35048c272837cb98.pdf d1cc415ef4c1876da7829a2f7c8771ac PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans’ History Project Chuck Mulder World War II 1 hour 7 minutes 4 seconds (00:00:40) Early Life -Born in September 1925 in Grand Haven, Michigan -Grew up there -Went to high school in Grand Haven -Dropped out in junior year after father died -Got a job in a factory after dropping out of high school -Shortly thereafter got his draft notice -Attended high school in the late 1930s -He worked at a muffler manufacturing plant -Worked there as a spot welder -Worked there shortly after the war broke out in the United States in 1941 (00:02:13) Start of the War, Attempting to Enlist, and Getting Drafted -Remembers his mother crying when the war began on December 7, 1941 -Crying because she knew that he and his older brother would get involved -Got into an argument with his mother and decided to go enlist in the Navy Reserve -Took a bus from Grand Haven to Grand Rapids, Michigan -Went to the recruiting station near Reed’s Lake and tried to enlist -Turned away due to poor eyesight -Shortly after his eighteenth birthday in September 1943 he received his draft notice -Reported to Great Lakes Naval Station, Illinois on December 21, 1943 to be inducted -Knew that he was a young man and would eventually get drafted -Accepted it because he was asked to do it, and because his friends were involved -Brother was in the Army Air Force during the war as a gunner -Got shot down during a bombing raid -Spent nine months in a prisoner of war camp, but ultimately survived (00:06:19) Basic Training and Signal Corps Training -Sent to Camp Crowder, Missouri for basic training -Immediately placed into Signal Corps training -Had calisthenics every morning -Training lasted through the spring of 1944 -He was placed into Morse code training as part of the Signal Corps -Could translate and type twelve words per minute -He was left handed which meant he had to adjust to the code keys being on the right -Wound up never using any of his Morse code training (00:08:10) Deployment and Assignment to the 94th Infantry Division -He was sent to a replacement depot at Camp Beale, California -He was given an eighteen day “delay en route” -Meant that he could visit his family before reporting for deployment -He left Grand Haven on D-Day (June 6, 1944) �-Took the bus to Chicago then took a train to Camp Beale -Remembers having to comb cinders out of his hair after the train ride -He was only at Camp Beale for a short time before receiving his orders -Ordered to go to Camp McCain, Mississippi -The 94th Infantry Division needed additional men -Doesn’t remember hearing much about D-Day -By the time he got to Camp McCain the 94th was ready to go up to Camp Shanks, New York -Took a couple days to go up to Camp Shanks -Stayed in Camp Shanks for two (or three) days -Allowed to visit New York City -Remembers going into a chili diner and meeting Bud Abbott -Boarded the Queen Elizabeth with tens of thousands of other servicemen -Felt that ships like that helped the Allies win the war (00:13:35) Unit Designation in the 94th Infantry Division -He was assigned to an anti-tank platoon in a Headquarters Company -Operating a 57mm anti-tank gun -In reality it would have been ineffective against German tanks -Duty was to protect the battalion’s headquarters from any tank attacks -Only fired their gun once and all it did was act as a beacon for German artillery -He was in the Headquarters Company of 1st Battalion of the 302nd Infantry Regiment (00:15:45) Arrival in England -After leaving New York they arrived in Scotland -There was no dock big enough for the Queen Elizabeth -Had to use smaller ships to take men and supplies ashore -Took a few days to unload the Queen Elizabeth -They were taken by train to the small town of Grittleton, England -Got there in late August 1944 -It was rainy and they had to deal with slogging around in the mud -Did some training with the anti-tank gun -Paris had just been taken and the Germans were starting to retreat -Places their arrival in England sometime around August 25, 1944 -Stayed in England for about a month (00:18:13) Arrival in France -Went down to Southampton and boarded a Liberty Ship there -Sailed across the English Channel and landed at Utah Beach on September 8, 1944 -Ninety four days after D-Day -There was still debris from the invasion in June (00:19:19) Stationed in France Pt. 1 -There were still 60,000 German soldiers in Lorient and Saint-Nazaire -The 94th was being sent to that area to keep them contained -Maintained a line there for about two and a half months, dug into hedgerows -NOTE: The 94th was relieved on January 1, 1945 -Eventually moved to the Siegfried Line -Duty there was to stand guard and insure that the Germans weren’t able to break out -Never managed to get a full night’s sleep -They would receive sporadic shell fire from the Germans �-Remembers spending his nineteenth birthday there (00:22:25) Battle of the Bulge Pt. 1 -In late December they received orders to move to the Ardennes Forest -Remembers that their move was because a regiment of the 66th Division had been lost at sea -The loss wasn’t reported and didn’t learn about it until a year later -Didn’t think much about orders, just followed them -Didn’t know that it was called “the Bulge” until ten years after the fact -Didn’t know if the Allies were definitively winning or losing -Just knew that they were on the move and it felt like they were winning (00:24:40) Stationed in France Pt. 2 -In France they were near a group of Free French Forces -A priest would go and talk to the French forces each night -Remembers one night the priest took a shortcut to get to the French troops -Accidentally killed by one of the guards -Only two times that he felt scared when he was in France -The first time was when he heard that they were getting mortared -Scary because unlike regular artillery you couldn’t hear the mortar shells -Second time was when there was a false alarm for a gas attack -Turned out that it was just the smell of apple blossoms (00:28:20) Battle of the Bulge Pt. 2 -Started moving towards the Ardennes just before January 1, 1945 -Started getting really cold and they were being transported in open cattle trucks -Had to stand up for the whole ride and wear a full pack -Men had to be evacuated due to frostbite -Stayed overnight in a dug out in a wooded area -Remembers a German reconnaissance plane would fly over them at night -Nicknamed it “Bed Check Charlie” -The Germans were still dug in and trying to prevent an Allied counteroffensive -They were moved to the Saar-Moselle Triangle -Ground was so frozen that they had to use dynamite to break up the soil -For three days they advanced west into the Bulge and crossed the Saar River -Didn’t run into direct contact with the Germans, but faced their artillery -Mastered the art of getting shells to explode at the tops of trees -Caused a shower of shrapnel and splinters down on troops -His job was to help pull the wounded and the dead out of the woods -Stationed at a forward aid station -He would have to go out 100, or 200 yards to collect the wounded and the dead -Remembers that a lot of the men he retrieved were horribly mangled -Worst one he saw was a dead man that had been blown in half -Worst of the fighting lasted three days for them -Remembers encountering snipers and shelling in one of the towns that they took -Fought in the Bulge for the January portion of the battle -Battle was over on January 25, 1945 (00:39:54) Advancing into Germany -When the Bulge had been pushed back they started taking more prisoners -They were taking thousands of prisoners each day until they reached the German border �-Took over the towns of Dusseldorf and Ludwigshafen -They were the occupying forces there for a while -Ordered not to interact with German civilians -Remembers that it happened anyway -Dusseldorf was the first time in months that he got to sleep in a bed and take a shower -They reached the Rhine River and prepared to intercept any German forces -Germans were trying desperately to destroy any bridges that spanned the river -By now it was the spring of 1945 and nearing the end of the war -There were still pockets of German resistance -Forgone conclusion was that the Allies were going to win -From there they moved south to Munich, Germany -Guarding a prisoner of war camp there -Remembers they found an undamaged brewery and started brewing beer -You could buy a liter of beer for just $1 -Around this time Dachau was discovered and liberated by American forces -This would have been in late April 1945 -Started hearing rumors about other concentration camps -It was hard to believe at the time -Found a medic’s bag in Germany with a bayonet, a P-38 pistol, and a Nazi medal -Stayed in Munich until just after the end of the war in Europe on May 8, 1945 (00:51:40) Occupation Duties in Czechoslovakia Pt. 1 -Received orders to go to Czechoslovakia to stop the Soviet territory grab -When they were en route to Czechoslovakia he received news that President Roosevelt had died -This would have been a month or more after the actual event -He remembers seeing Bob Hope perform in Czechoslovakia -They were helping the civilians harvest their crops -The civilians were friendly (00:53:04) End of the War & Coming Home -Received the news in Czechoslovakia that the atomic bombs had been dropped on Japan -Men were starting to be sent home based on the number of “points” that they had -Points were assigned based on length of service, combat, and dependents -Soldiers were sent to “Cigarette Camps” in France -Cigarette Camps: Collection areas named after popular brands of cigarettes -He was sent to Camp Chesterfield in the Le Havre area -Stayed there until he received orders to go home -He boarded the SS George Washington in Brest, France -Remembers that the voyage home was one of the roughest he had ever made -Pulled into New York and then was sent to Camp Atterbury, Indiana -By now his brother had been liberated from the POW camp and was already home -His mother was ecstatic that her two sons had made it home from the war alive (00:56:05) Life after the War -He was a part of Michigan’s 52/20 Club -Michigan program to give veterans $20 for fifty two weeks or until they got a job -He looked around for various jobs and worked at various places -Got one job at a hotel washing dishes -Got another job at a Michigan State Park �-He went to Hope College in Holland, Michigan on the GI Bill -Received some college credits from being in the Army -Attended for four years -A lot of veterans went to Hope -Graduated with a bachelor’s degree in sociology -He got a job through his cousin’s husband at a shoe company in Holland -Worked as a travelling salesman for them for two years -Travelled around Wisconsin, North and South Dakota, and Ohio -He got married to a girl that he had met at Hope -Sold butcher supplies for a while -Went to work for a die maker supplier -Worked there for fourteen years -He got another job for a steel company as a salesman -Worked there for twenty three years and retired in 1988 -Bought a little cottage in northern Michigan -After retiring he and his wife bought a mobile home and travelled the country for sixteen years -Eventually moved to Grand Rapids, Michigan and has lived there ever since (01:02:02) Occupation Duties in Czechoslovakia Pt. 2 -Stayed in Czechoslovakia through the summer of 1945 -Remembers that it got really hot in August -Took a trip to the city of Pilsen (or Prague) and met some Soviet troops -Remembers that they were just a bunch of thugs -Other than his trip to a city and helping the civilians nothing major happened there (01:04:07) Veterans’ Organizations Involvement -Excited to go on the 2015 Honor Flight -NOTE: Interview was recorded about one week before the flight in May 2015 -Attended a veterans’ convention in Grand Rapids, Michigan -Shocked at the number of veterans that showed up to it � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_MulderC1764V Title A name given to the resource Mulder, Chuck (Interview outline and video), 2015 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-05-07 Description An account of the resource Chuck Mulder was born in September 1925 in Grand Haven, Michigan. He grew up there and in the fall of 1943 he was drafted into the Army. He reported for duty on December 21, 1943 and was sent to Camp Crowder, Missouri for basic training and Signal Corps training. In the summer of 1944 he was assigned to an antitank platoon in the Headquarters Company of the 1st Battalion of the 302nd Infantry Regiment of the 94th Infantry Division. He was sent over to Europe in August 1944 and was sent to France on September 8, 1944. He saw action around Lorient and Saint-Nazaire, France and then in January 1945 saw action in the Battle of the Bulge around the Saar-Moselle Triangle. In the spring of 1945 the 94th Infantry Division advanced into Germany and from the end of the war on May 8, 1945 through the summer of 1945 he was stationed in Czechoslovakia as part of the occupation force. He was sent back to the United States in late 1945 and was discharged from the Army at Camp Atterbury, Indiana. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mulder, Chuck Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Childress, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Moving Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/fef441a01e870531ce67be49736a7075.m4v d65883503f8a74d150ae9923b8792ea0 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b04b57ba4c3d323cc9b73f076b5e522f.pdf ddc6655868ec6185c14867f70bdad55a PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veteran’s History Project Name of War: World War II Interviewee Name: John Mulder Length of Interview (00:26:30) Pre-Enlistment  Born in 1925 in Grand Rapids, MI(0:03)  Grew up in Montana during the Depression (0:30)  16 years old when World War II broke out, only completed the eighth grade (0:50)  Moved the family back to Grand Rapids after the war broke out (1:00)  Did not think he would be part of the draft, but the day he turned 18 the draft dropped to 18 years old from 21 years old (1:30)  Had orders to report to Kalamazoo, MI for a physical in 1943 (1:45)  Drafted in June of 1943, got a physical and moved to Ft. Stewart, GA (1:50) Training  Anti-Aircraft camp at Ft. Stewart (2:15)  Two camps because of segregation: one for blacks and one for whites, new experience for him (2:30)  Had basic training at Ft. Stewart, as well as heavy artillery training afterwards (3:20)  Very hot, but they took miles long runs (3:40)  Had a pass after basic was over, before they started artillery (4:00)  Hopped on the back of a bus, had to move to the front because a black family came on the bus. Very new and confusing experience (4:55)  Held up well during basic training because of his work in the fields in Montana (5:20)  Only trained on .50 caliber machine guns and anti-aircraft guns (6:00)  His unit was a mobile unit, based off of trucks towing the guns (7:45)  After anti-aircraft training, the unit was moved to Long Island, NY to learn how to defend an airport (8:00)  Stationed where they manufactured P-31 because they had a big airport (8:20)  Had to get rations trucked in from New York City (16:00)  Liked that duty because it was time away from training (16:30)  Had a great USO, gave them coffee and snacks for free (18:00)  Went back to Ft. Stewart, and had a furlough. During furlough, Europe was invaded by the Allies (8:50) Enlistment      Was shipped overseas, was supposed to go to Cherbourg, France (9:00) Ended up serving with an infantry unit instead (9:20) Was shipped to California to trained to be in the Pacific theater, then went to Washington to embark (10:00) Took an Army transport to Hawaii (10:20) Trained in the hills of Hawaii for the invasion of Okinawa (10:45) �          Sent a black anti-aircraft team to the invasion, so his unit took their place guarding Pearl Harbor (11:00) Big aircraft carrier in dry dock, with half the flight deck blown off due to a Kamikaze pilot (12:00) In the middle of the night one night, all the ships in the harbor blew their whistles, signifying the war was over, but they were two days early (13:00) Heard that the bombs had been dropped, but thought it was just another bombing (13:30) Couldn’t go home because he didn’t have enough points (14:15) Stayed in Hawaii at the Schofield barracks (14:20) Did some training, gun maintenance (14:30) Kept the battery guns set up at all times (15:00) Was discharged the 26th of February, 1945 (15:20) Often took overnight trips to Honolulu and stayed at the USO (18:50) Post-Enlistment       After the service, he got a job with a clothing factory (19:40) Never learned how to drive before entering the service, but bought a car as soon as he got out (20:20) Didn’t keep his first job very long, became a butcher for awhile, then got a job at Steelcase (21:20) Finished high school by correspondence, then the American School in Chicago, IL (21:30) Is thankful he came back alive from the war, but feels that he did not do much for his country (22:00) Learned how to follow orders, how good life is at home while in the Army, also matured greatly during his time in the service (23:00) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MulderJ Title A name given to the resource Mulder, John (Interview outline and video), 2009 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mulder, John Description An account of the resource John Mulder was born in 1925 in Grand Rapids, Michigan. His family moved to Montana, but moved back to Grand Rapids after World War II broke out. John was drafted into the US Army when he was 18 years old. After completing basic training in Fort Stewart, Georgia, he also completed anti-aircraft school, in which he learned how to operate mobile anti-aircraft units. After training, he spent the remainder of the war in Hawaii, guarding Pearl Harbor. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-09-08 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/37fb072432cb5aa0d110194cde853aa2.m4v c30b08c0925321e7681dba16fb582b0e https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a78ed2a593e0236895bb0fc73c40cf5e.pdf 57f86551530e7419d52a6b43b2aa16c6 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Interviewee’s Name: Robert Mulder Name of War: Korean War Length of Interview: (00:59:15) (00:40) Background Information        Robert was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan He went to Southwest Christian School and then Grand Rapids Christian High School His father had lost his job and house during the Depression and it was always a struggle for him to pay to put his two sons through school Robert graduated from high school in 1947 and began working in painting He was drafted in October 1950 and the Korean War had broken out just a few months earlier Robert had not been paying any attention to the war and did not know anyone that had been drafted He was sent to Fort Sheridan for his induction (3:55) Training  Robert was sent to Camp Atterbury in Indiana for basic training  He had a few first aid classes and went through much physical training  They went through training quickly because the Army had been short on medics  Robert adjusted well to the military discipline, but was not happy that he had only got one week off for Christmas  They took a troop train from Indiana to Seattle and stayed in an old fort with tar paper shacks for a few days (9:50) Overseas  They boarded a converted liberty ship and the voyage took 2 weeks, but they had mostly smooth sailing with nice weather in March  They stopped in Japan for a few weeks and then made their way to Korea  There was a storm on the way to Korea and everyone on the ship was sick  They arrived in Pusan and boarded a train (13:00) Assignment  They arrived at their camp and Robert was assigned to the 38th Medical Company of the 2nd Division and was then also assigned to a medical line company  The 2nd Division had been taking replacements and regrouping when Robert had been assigned �  Many men befriended Robert because he was a medic and they wanted him to watch their backs Typically most men tried not to become good friends with others because they never knew if or when they might lose them (18:30) Patrols  Robert’s first experience with combat was like “cops and robbers”  He had wanted to stand and see what was going on, but was ordered to stay down and out of the way of fire  They took over an abandoned small village during one of their patrols  They were ambushed with grenades and small arms fire during their 2nd patrol  Someone had been hit in the back and it was the first time that Robert had to treat someone (24:30) Wounded  The North Koreans always attacked at night; they were very loud and indiscreet  It was easy to locate them and pinpoint where their weapons were  One night Robert had been ordered to leave the area and take cover near a hill  He was hit by a mortar shell and his whole body became numb  Men ran into help him and helped carry him away to find a medic from another company  Robert was patched up at a medical station and sent to Seoul to board a hospital ship  They operated on both his shoulders and leg to remove the shrapnel and also had to reset his arm  Robert was in a hospital from May through September in Japan and everyone had assured him that he would be going home once he had healed (30:20) Guard Duty  Once Robert had healed he was not sent home, but instead returned to the 38th Medical Company  He got in the middle of another fire fight right away  Robert often worked guard duty and on tagging dead bodies  He enjoyed working on guard duty at the medical station because he had been taken off the line  Robert eventually got frost bite and was sent to another hospital in Japan (38:55) Back to Michigan  Robert was sent back to the US in December of 1951and spent time at Percy Jones Army Hospital in Battle Creek, MI  They operated on his arm in February 1952 to try to get some of the feeling back �  Robert was then sent to Fort Custer in Michigan to work on guard duty while he waited for his papers to be discharged He was finally done with his service in July 1952 (44:30) After Service  Robert went back to work in painting and after a few months got a job working on small motors  He then began working on installing sound systems when the new HIFI came around, but was not really making much money  Robert got married and then found a good job working in electrical supply until he retired � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MulderR Title A name given to the resource Mulder, Robert P. (Interview outline and video), 2008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mulder, Robert P. Description An account of the resource Robert Mulder was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan and graduated from Grand Rapids Christian High School in 1947. He was drafted into the Army in October of 1950 and went through medic training at Camp Adenberry in Indiana. He went through training quickly because the Army had been short on medics. Robert was shipped to Korea and assigned to the 38th Medical Company of the 2nd Division. Robert was eventually wounded and sent to a hospital ship in Seoul to have all the shrapnel removed from his arms and legs. After he healed Robert worked on guard duty at the medic station until he got frost bite and was sent to another hospital. Robert was then sent back to Michigan and discharged in July of 1952. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-09-22 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/12a1479d0ce5aac9d54f6d2b78f56542.jpg 7940052272220f5a3569a6479b108f53 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MulderRodney Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Mulder, Rodney Description An account of the resource Rodney Mulder, French Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/754a1b74ad05879c2f566b6d6e4ed46a.jpg 82aa659910179767f8b4719f95bd5ad5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_LS00097 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1918-1919 Title A name given to the resource Mule and cow ploughing Description An account of the resource Black and white lantern slide of a Chinese farmer plowing a field with a plow drawn by a cow and a mule. Subject The topic of the resource Lantern slides China Farming Farmers Plowing Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6bb61c8272b1a168b64705bf80430e00.jpg 70b6d9e379d1521d6168888b9c1d0be5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_Peitaiho_1920_019 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1920-08-16 Title A name given to the resource Mule army[?] wagon Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a group of people sitting in a mule-drawn wagon. Three people are standing on the ground behind the wagon. Photograph was taken by Robert Merrill in the Chinese coastal resort area of Beidaihe Qu. Subject The topic of the resource Beidaihe Qu (Qinhuangdao Shi, China) China Horse-drawn vehicles Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f9ef82c59576e8f424483770ae6807c9.m4v 8e533579c09b834f7bc9ccd47be282ef https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/14afe07d687fd607b8eaa653c4f9ae58.pdf ac840e800722638c8f8275ff7f632d68 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview William Mulvey World War II, Korea, and Vietnam Total Time: 2:22:28 [DVD 1] 1:01:18 [DVD 2] DVD 1 Pre-Enlistment and Childhood (0:00:13)      Born in Chicago, Illinois, in 1918 His parents were out of work during the Depression. He attended school through the 8th grade. (0:03:10) He worked for the WPA before he joined the Navy in 1937. He decided to join the Navy because he saw films about the Navy. Training (0:06:17)  He was sent to Newport, Rhode Island for basic training. They were there for 21 days before they got leave prior to being shipped out.  (0:09:06) He was sent to Norfolk, Virginia after basic, where he was placed on the battleship USS Texas, which was a World War I era battleship. Active Duty (0:10:50)         The ship was then sent to Annapolis, Maryland, where they picked up midshipmen and then to Europe (0:11:35) He was a seaman on the ship. (0:11:50) When they returned, he was transferred to the USS Boise. (0:12:55)His first trip on the ocean in the Boise was on a ferry from Providence, Rhode Island, to New York. On his first cruise, they were sent to Cape Town, South Africa, via Monrovia, Liberia. (0:15:41) The USS Boise was then sent to the World’s Fair in New York City, and once that was complete to Pearl Harbor in 1939. (0:17:30) In 1941, they escorted a convoy of Marines to Manila. They stayed close to the Philippines after the war began, and he was able to go ashore in Manila while they were near there. (0:19:50) He remembers the Sunday morning of the Pearl Harbor Attack. He watched Clark Air Force Base in Manila getting bombed. They spent the day painting the ship in camouflage. (0:23:10) They then went to the Dutch East Indies. They were the most modern American ship in the area, and they took the Dutch Admiral aboard and attempted to catch up to the rest of the Dutch fleet. They ran into a reef and had to detour to Borneo. �                 (0:27:00) In Borneo, he signed up for another tour of duty. (0:27:15) They were then sent to Port Darwin, Australia, then Sri Lanka, and finally Bombay, India where they stayed for 3 months while the ship was being fixed. (0:32:00) They spent their time in India cleaning the ship and touring Bombay. (0:32:40) After Bombay, they were sent to Australia and then New Zealand and back to the United States for refurbishing. (0:33:45) They were sent to Guadalcanal after refurbishing where they took part in a naval battle[Battle of Cape Esperance]. They attacked some cruisers and sunk several of them. The Boise had 3 of its turrets hit. (0:41:15) After the battle, they went to a repair island where they patched up the damage. They were then sent to the Philadelphia Naval Yards to get a full repair. (0:42:35) While they were in Philadelphia, he went to various places doing speeches and drumming up support and War Bonds. (0:50:15) He was then sent on a small sub chaser from New Orleans to Miami to be outfitted. (0:57:45) They were ordered to take the ship to Pearl Harbor. They had to stop in Guatemala for fuel, and then proceeded through the Panama Canal and on to Pearl Harbor. (0:59:45) He asked for reassignment when he got to Pearl Harbor, and was placed on the USS Indianapolis. He was then made Chief Master at Arms. (1:02:55) They were sent first to Tarawa, and then hopped from Island to Island assisting with landings. (1:08:15) They assisted in the landings on Iwo Jima, and they were able to see the flag being raised over Mt. Suribachi. (1:11:00) He worked organizing and working as a police of sorts on the ship. The ship was segregated while he was on board. They had separate quarters for the African American sailors. (1:12:25) They were attacked by Kamikazes while they were at Iwo Jima. A plane codenamed ‘Betty’ [twin-engine bomber] hit them, and they lost several men. They were assisted by the USS New Jersey from whom they got water, as their evaporator was hit and that was their main source of fresh water. This forced them to return to the United States to make repairs at San Francisco, California. (1:16:20) While they were in San Francisco, they were assigned to carry the atomic bomb. The bomb was carried on deck, under heavy guard. They took it to the Marianas. They delivered it several days before the bombings took place. They dropped the bomb off and immediately headed towards Guam to pick up an escort. (1:22:05) They were not zigzagging on the way to Guam, which may have been part of the reason why the ship was torpedoed. (1:22:40) When the ship was torpedoed, it was the middle of the night and he was sleeping. He remembers the ship jerking twice, which brought him out to the quarterdeck. He was sent by the commander to investigate what the problem was. At the time, they thought a boiler had exploded, but a second explosion made them realize that they had been torpedoed. �      (1:24:55) He had no lifejacket when he went into the water, and he had to swim through fuel oil to get a life jacket from another sailor. Some of the life jackets that they had leaked air, so they had to continually refill the jacket with air via a tube. However, he had a kapok lifejacket, which floated much better than the inflatable jackets. (1:29:55) When day broke after the accident, he was covered in fuel oil, and the seas were rough. There were no provisions available to him, and he didn’t see anyone else. (1:32:05) He didn’t see any sharks or shark attacks while he was on the water. (1:32:25) He was in the middle of the pack of men that had jumped off of the ship. (1:32:45) He was in the water 4 days and 5 nights when they were finally spotted by a B24 bomber that was coincidentally being fixed in flight. The plane dropped its water cans, and radioed back to base. A flying boat was sent out next and even though it was not supposed to land, it was able to. There were also provided rafts, which were insufficient. He was able to get into one of the rafts with some assistance. (1:44:20) He was taken to Palau, where he was twice given the last rites. He was then put on the hospital ship Tranquility. Post-World War II (1:47:30)    He arrived back in the United States, and he applied for a job in the trucking industry. (1:48:48) He eventually signed up for the Naval Reserves. (1:50:35) He received two Purple Hearts for his service. One was for the shipwreck and the other was for an incident that happened on the base in Auckland, New Zealand. Re-Activation (1:53:15)       He was called up for service during the Korean War. He was sent to Philadelphia and then to New Jersey where he was placed on a guided missile cruiser. (1:54:50) They were sent to the North Atlantic where they practiced with the missile launchers that had been added to the ship. (2:00:00) They were also testing airplane launchers or catapults. (2:01:33) They took the ship back to the yard and fixed the problems with the launchers. (2:02:20) They helped to install catapults on the aircraft carrier USS Ticonderoga as well. (2:02:50) He was then assigned to the USS Ticonderoga, which sailed around the Drake Passage and got caught in a storm. They were hit a large wave which bent one of the structural I-beams on the ship, and they had to pull into port in Santiago, Chile. They eventually had to take the ship back by only calm water to the US via the Panama Canal. �  (2:06:20) He stayed on active duty until the 1960s. (2:07:00) He worked on a troop transport ship during the Vietnam War. Their ship could take a variety of different pieces of equipment for beach landings. He worked the gyros on the ship. Miscellaneous (2:14:50)    He remembers, while he was in the water after the sinking of the Indianapolis, they tied themselves together as a group to help each other. (2:17:55) One of the men in the group thought that he could swim down to the ship and get water. On the first attempt, he failed and almost drowned, and on the second try he did drown. (2:19:45) Some of the men gave him their dog tags, with the thought that they may die. END DVD 1 (2:22:28) BEGIN DVD 2 Active Duty (0:00:00)               Pictures of his medal collection A commemorative poster (0:01:31) Medal collection. (0:03:01) There was a book written about the USS Indianapolis sinking. (0:07:30) He was not interviewed for the court martial hearings against the captain. (0:08:30) All of the men that were not sleeping at the time of the sinking were likely drowned quickly, as the hatches to the sleeping quarters were cumbersome to open. He also refutes the claim that an SOS signal was sent, because the speed with which the ship sunk would not have allowed the time for the message to be relayed. (0:11:10) They communicated with seaplanes via lights and flags. (0:12:45) When he was at Guadalcanal on the USS Boise, they were fighting the heavy cruisers from the side. (0:15:15) They did not meet any enemy battleships, as far as he knows. (0:16:02) They had burials at sea for the men who died at Guadalcanal. (0:17:08) They would drop anchor off of islands with the USS Indianapolis, and being the flagship they would they would begin the fire on the island. (0:20:30) They would fire at Kamikazes but it usually made little difference unless the bomb was hit. (0:22:50) They followed a convoy back to the United States after being hit by the Kamikaze. (0:26:30) The nuclear bomb, when it was on board, was guarded by special troops. �      (0:27:30) At times, he would wear a Roentgen Tag to detect radiation levels. (0:29:23) When he went into the Navy in 1937, they had very primitive conditions, and the bases were not developed. (0:40:30) They had a very regimented routine, including a limited supply of fresh water. They would also scrub the decks on a regular basis. (0:46:30) They painted the ship so that barnacles wouldn’t attack themselves to the hull. (0:49:40) They were fed on deck with picnic tables suspended from hooks. They waited in lines by rank, so the seamen would often get the bad cuts of meat, or the worst food. (0:55:05) His mother had 5 children in the service. END DVD 2 (1:01:18) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MulveyW Title A name given to the resource Mulvey, William (Interview outline and video), 2009 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mulvey, William Description An account of the resource William Mulvey joined the Navy in 1937 and served in World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. William joined the Navy in 1937, and was trained in Rhode Island before he was placed on the USS Texas. He was then transferred to the USS Boise where he remained until part way through World War II. He participated in the Battle of Cape Esperance off Guadalcanal on the Boise, and was then transferred to the USS Indianapolis, and served on that ship until a Japanese submarine sank it. He survived the aftermath, and joined the Naval Reserves upon his return to the United States. He was reactivated for the Korean War, and served in several capacities including on the USS Ticonderoga. He also served in the Vietnam War on a ship used for beach landings. He eventually retired from the Navy in the 1960s. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Navy Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-09-15 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/12305cf9701147a5047ff0bbf547098a.pdf a9bf37e50410e2098bf3ab86318f1e08 PDF Text Text I - r J f r r r r r r r r r Municipal Comprehensive Plan Update �1 1 1 I CITY OF PORTAGE, MICHIGAN RESOLUTION ADOPTING A COMPREHENSIVE (MASTER) PLAN FOR THE CITY OF PORTAGE BY THE PORTAGE CITY PLANNING COMMISSION At a regular meeting of the Planning Commission of the City of Portage, Michigan. held on the 15th day of August, 1996 at 7:00 p.m. local time in the Council Chambers, Portage City Hall, City of Portage, Michigan. Ron ~ushouse; Eric Guerin; Barb Y.acznarek; Ron Masek; PRESENT: Phyllis Music; Art Roberts; Pete Strazdas; Lee .\ndrea, Chairn-:tn ABSENT: None The following resolution was offered by Commissioner Strazdas by Commissioner _ _R_ob_e_r_t_s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _..., and supported WHEREAS. Act No. 285 of the Public Acts of the State of Michigan for 1931 as amended mandates that the planning commission of a municipality make and adopt a comprehensive (master) plan for the physical development of the municipality and fringe areas; and WHEREAS, the Portage City Planning Commission has prepared such a plan for the territory of the City of Portage; and WHEREAS, after causing such notice to be given in the manner prescribed by law. and public hearings having been held on July 18, 1996 and August 15, 1996, in order to give the citizens of the City of Portage and surrounding areas an opportunity to be heard. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City of Portage, Michigan Master Plan, Community Profile and Alternative Future Land Use Patterns reports which include various maps and charts, including, but not limited to. the "Future Land Use Plan" is hereby adopted. BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that this action be recorded on the map and plan and descriptive matter by the identifying signature of the chairman and secretary of the City of Portage Planning Commission. BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that an attached copy of the plan be certified to the Portage City Council and the Kalamazoo County Register of Deeds. AYES: J3ushouse, Guerin, Kaczmarek, Hasek, Music, Roberts, Strazdas, Andrea NAYS: None ------------------------ RESOLUTION DECLARED ADOPTED. CERTIFICATE I hereby certify that the foregoing is a true and complete copy of a resolution adopted at a regular meeting of the Planning Commission of the City of Portage, Kalamazoo County, Michigan, held on the 15th day of August, 1996, the original of which is on file in the office of the City Clerk. c:2:lpon'nalalm,nm.rw 11-f RCIJIDAl'IQ RRI ~- . 7(}..sit;<,, kt c:rTY ATTORNEY ~&n'k~ James R. Hudson.ltYCierk �r MUNICIPAL COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: ( ' MASTER PLAN (FINAL) Prepared for: CITY OF PORTAGE (MICHIGAN) PLANNING COMMISSION Funded by: CITY OF PORTAGE (MICHIGAN) For further information contact: DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CITY OF PORT AGE 7900 SOUTH WESTNEDGE AVENUE PORTAGE, MICHIGAN 49002 (616) 329-4477 (616) 329-4506 FAX 1 1 I AUGUST 15, 1996 �( r , f PLANNING COMMISSION MEMBERS LEE ANDREA RONALD J. BUSHOUSE JOSEPH Fox (former member) ERIC GUERIN BARBARA ANN KACZMAREK MICHAEL KOUNELIS RONALD G. MASEK PHYLLIS MUSIC ARTHUR E. ROBERTS JOSEPH SANNELLA (former member) JAMES E. SMITH (former member) LINDA G. STAFFORD (former member) PETER STRAZDAS JAMES WHITE (former member) CITY ADMINISTRATION MICHAEL L. STAMPFLER, CITY MANAGER CITY ATTORNEY RANDALL L. BROWN DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT JEFFREY M. ERICKSON, DIRECTOR CHRISTOPHER FORTH, DEPUTY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SERVICES THOMAS SHIRCEL, ASSIST ANT CITY PLANNER CONSULTANT 1 1 1 1 THE CORRADINO GROUP 200 SOUTH FIFTH STREET/SUITE 300N LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY 40202 �I PREFACE ( The Municipal Comprehemive Plan Update for the City of Portage is intended to direct "the future physical development of the community" by "serving as a policy guide to decision makers." Its "overall goal is to provide for a system of managing growth which results in a more efficient pattern of development, enhancing the quality of community life ." This "Master Plan" report constitutes the guide for development decisions in the City of Portage in fulfillment of Michigan Compiled Laws 125.36. It is complemented by two background reports providing its foundation : • the "Community Profile: Existing Condition/2015 Outlook" report documenting the comprehensive survey s and studies of present conditions and future growth of the City of Portage in fulfillment of Michigan Complied Laws 125.37; and • the "Alternative Future Land Use Patterns" report documenting the evaluation of alternative future land use patterns and the selection of a preliminary preferred future land use map for the City of Portage in fulfillment of Michigan Complied Laws 125 .37 . The Municipal Comprehensive Plan Update consists of four volumes: I 1 1 1 • Community Profile: Existing Conditions/2015 Outlook; • Alternative Future Land Use Patterns; • Master Plan ; and • Summary. The "Master Plan" report supersedes information found in the first two background reports . �City of PORTAGE A Place for Opportunities To Grow Municipal Comprehensive Plan Update Master Plan �TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE CHAPTER 1: A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. CHAPTER 2: A. B. C. D. CHAPTER 3: A. B. C. INTRODUCTION .......................................................•..................................................••.•.......... 1-1 THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN .............................................•...............•.•......•.•.....••............... 1-1 1. The Master Plan ......................•..•................................................•......••..•.•..•.•.•••........... 1-1 2. Comprehensive Plan Process ........................................................................................ 1-l WHO DEVELOPED THE PLAN? ..............•.•......•........•.•.•.•..................................................... 1-4 THE PURPOSE OF THE PLAN ...........................•..............................•..................................... 1-4 WHAT AREA DOES THE PLAN COVER? ...............................................•............................ 1-5 WHAT IS IN THE PLAN? .......................................................................................................... 1-5 WHY DOES THE PLAN CONTAIN WHAT IT DOES? ....................................•................... 1-6 HOW WAS THE PLAN APPROVED? ..................................................................................... 1-6 WHAT DOES THE PLAN REQUIRE? .................................................................................... 1-6 HOW TO USE THE PLAN ......................................................................................•...•.......•.....• 2-1 OVERVIEW OF THE PLAN ..................................................................................................... 2-1 REVIEW OF LAND USE CHANGE PROPOSALS ................................................................ 2-l 1. Consistency with Future Land Use Map ..................................................................... 2-2 2. Consistency with Guidelines ......................................................................................... 2-2 3. Consistency with the Comprehensive Plan .................................................................. 2-3 FOUNDATION FOR GROWTH MANAGEMENT MECHANISMS ................................... 2-3 1. Subdivision and Condominium Regulations ................................................................ 2-3 2. Land use Regulations .................................................................................................... 2-4 3. Capital Improvement Programs ................................................................................... 2-4 OTHER PLAN USES .................................................................................................................. 2-4 1. Property Acquisition Programs .................................................................................... 2-4 2. Property Redevelopment Programs ............................................................................. 2-5 3. Housing Programs ......................................................................................................... 2-5 4. Economic Development Efforts .................................................................................... 2-5 5. Private Land Use Decisions ........................................................................................... 2-5 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES WITH GUIDELINES ................................................................ 3-l OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................. 3-1 GOALS FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................. 3-l 1. Land Use and Development .......................................................................................... 3- l 2. Natural/Cultural Resources .......................................................................................... 3-3 3. Economy/Marketplace .................................................................................................. 3-3 4. Housing ........................................................................................................................... 3-4 5. Transportation ............................................................................................................... 3-4 6. Utility Infrastructure ..................................................................................................... 3-4 7. Community Facilities ..................................................................................................... 3-4 GOALS ......................................................................................................................................... 3-5 1. Land Use and Development .......................................................................................... 3-5 2. Natural/Cultural Resources .......................................................................................... 3-5 3. Economy/Marketplace .................................................................................................. 3-5 4. Housing ........................................................................................................................... 3-6 5. Transportation ............................................................................................................... 3-6 6. Utility Infrastructure ..................................................................................................... 3-6 7. Community Facilities ..................................................................................................... 3-6 �1 D. I J 1 I I E. OBJECTIVES .....................................................................................................•........................ 3-6 1. Land Use and Development .......................................................................................... 3-6 2. Natural/Cultural Resources .......................................................................................... 3-7 3. Economy/Marketplace .................................................................................................. 3-8 4. Housing ........................................................................................................................... 3-9 5. Ttansportation ............................................................................................................... 3-9 6. Utility Infrastructure ................................................................................................... 3-10 7. Community Facilities ................................................................................................... 3-ll GUIDELINES ..........•................•................................................................................................. 3-11 1. Land Use and Development ........................................................................................ 3-11 2. Natural/Cultural Resources ..........................................•............................................. 3-26 3. Economy/Marketplace ................................................................................................ 3-29 4. Housing ......................................................................................................................... 3-31 5. Transportation ............................................................................................................. 3-32 6. Utility Infrastructure ................................................................................................... 3-38 Community Facilities ................................................................................................... 3-40 7. CHAPTER 4: LAND USE ...................................................................................................................................... 4-1 A. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 4-l B. GENERAL .................................................................................................................................... 4-l 1. Vacant Land ......................................................................................•............................ 4-1 2. Intensive Agriculture ..................................................................................................... 4-3 C. RESIDENTIAL .....................................................................................................•...................... 4-3 I. Definition ........................................................................................................................ 4-3 2. Existing Residential ....................................................................................................... 4-5 3. Existing Vacant Residential .......................................................................................... 4-5 4. Projected Residential Demand ...................................................................................... 4-5 5. Future Residential Designation .................................................................................... 4-6 6. Residential Development Opportunities ...................................................................... 4-6 7. Residential Use Conclusion ........................................................................................... 4-7 D. OFFICE ........................................................................................................................................ 4-7 1. Definition ..............................................................................................................•......... 4-7 2. Existing, Vacant and Projected Office Use .................................................................. 4-8 3. Future Office Designation ............................................................................................. 4-8 4. Office Development Opportunities ............................................................................... 4-8 5. Office Use Conclusion ..............................................................................................•..... 4-9 E. COMMERCIAL •......................................................................................................................... 4-9 1. Definition ........................................................................................................................ 4-9 2. Existing Commercial ................................................................................................... 4-10 3. Existing Vacant Commercial ...................................................................................... 4-10 4. Projected Commercial Demand .................................................................................. 4-13 5. Future Commercial Designation ................................................................................. 4-13 6. Commercial Development Opportunities .................................................................. 4-14 7. Commercial Use Conclusion ....................................................................................... 4-15 F. INDUSTRIAL ............................................................................................................................ 4-15 1. Definition .........•............................................................................................................ 4-15 2. Existing Industrial ....................................................................................................... 4-16 3. Existing Vacant Industrial .......................................................................................... 4-16 4. Projected Industrial Demand ...................................................................................... 4-16 5. Future Industrial Designation .................................................................................... 4-16 6. Industrial Development Opportunities ...................................................................... 4-18 7. Industrial Conclusion .................................................................................................. 4-18 I 1) �I G. H. I. J. RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE ....................................................................................... 4-19 I. Definition ..........•......•.................................................................................................... 4-19 2. Existing Recreation and Open Space ......................................................................... 4-19 3. Proiected Recreation Demand .................................................................................... 4-19 4. Recreation and Open Space Designation ................................................................... 4-19 5. R'ecreation Opportunities and Conclusion ................................................................ 4-20 PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC ...•...........................................................•.•............................. 4-20 1. Definition ...................................................•.........•...•.................•.................................. 4-20 2. Existing Public Land ................................................................................................... 4-20 3. Public Use (Community Facilities) Designation ........................................................ 4-20 4. City Centre Area .......................................................................................................... 4-21 LAND USE/INFRASTRUCTURE INTERFACE ..........•..•.....................•......••.••........•.•...•.•.•. 4-21 I. Transportation ............................................................................................................. 4-21 2. Utilities ...•...............................•.................................•............................••...........•.•........ 4-24 LAND USE/ENVIRONMENTAL INTERFACE ....•..........•.•...•...•.....•...............•...•.•..•.••........ 4-24 CHAPTER 5: NATURAL/CULTURAL RESOURCES ...................................................................................... 5-l A. INTRODUCTION ...........................•............................................................................................ 5-l B. NATURAL RESOURCES ........................................................................................................... 5-l I. Soils ................................................................................................................................. 5-l 2. Water Resources and Floodplains ................................................................................ 5-l 3. Land Resources .............................................................................................................. 5-3 4. Sensitive Land Areas ..................................................................................................... 5-3 C. CULTURAL RESOURCES .........•............................................................•................................. 5-7 I. Archaeological Sites ....................................................................................................... 5-7 2. Historical Sites ............................................................................................................... 5-7 I I 1 I 1 I 1 1 CHAPTER 6: RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE ............................................................................................ 6-l A. OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................. 6-l B. EXISTING LOCAL PARKS AND OPEN SPACES .....•........................•................•.........•....... 6-l I. Neighborhood Parks/Playgrounds ............................................................................... 6-l 2. Community Parks ., ........................................................................................................ 6-3 3. Open Space Areas .......................................................................................................... 6-3 C. EXISTING REGIONAL PARKS AND PRESERVES ..............•.............................................. 6-4 I. Regional Parks ............................................................................................................... 6-4 2. Lakes .................................................•........•.............................................•............•......... 6-4 3. State Game Preserves .................................................................................................... 6-4 D. FUTURE RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE NEEDS .....................................................•.... 6-5 I. Park Land Needs............................................................................................................ 6-5 2. Open Space Needs .......................................................................................................... 6-5 3. Lake Area Needs .......................................................................................................... 6-IO 4. Recreational Facility Needs ........................................................................................ 6-10 E. FUTURE RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE RECOMMENDATIONS ..................•....... 6-11 1. Neighborhood and Community Parks ....................................................................... 6- l l 2. Open Space ................................................................................................................... 6-ll 3. Regional Parks ............................................................................................................. 6-12 CHAPTER 7: ECONOMY/MARKET PLACE .................................................................................................... 7-l A. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 7-l B. FOUNDATION ............................................................................................................................ 7-2 C. WEALTH AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ...............•...........................................•........ 7-3 I. Primary Jobs .................................................................................................................. 7-3 2. The Economic Community ............................................................................................ 7-3 111 �D. 1 1 E. F. BUSINESS CLIMATE AND SUPPORT ................•..................................................•............... 7-3 1. Portage's Competitive Position ..................................................................................... 7-3 2. Economic Development Programs................................................................................ 7-4 3. Financial Resources and Incentives ............................................................................. 7-5 4. Public Taxes and Regulations ....................................................................................... 7-5 5. Utilities ............................................................................................................................7-6 6. Business Maintenance, Attraction. and Retention ...................................................... 7-6 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES ............................................................... 7-6 1. Physical Sites and Facilities .......................................................................................... 7-6 2. Office Development Opportunities ............................................................................... 7-6 3. Portage Commerce Square and Westnedge Avenue Commercial Corridor............. 7-7 4. Portage Road Commercial Corridor and Other Commercial Development Opportunities ............................................................................................................... 7-15 5. Summary of Commercial Development Opportunities ............................................ 7-15 6. Industrial Development Opportunities ...................................................................... 7-15 7. The Comprehensive Plan as an Attraction ................................................................ 7-18 8. Regional Coordination ................................................................................................ 7-18 9. Summary ...................................................................................................................... 7-18 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ACTIONS .•...................................................................•...... 7-20 1. General Actions ............................................................................................................ 7-20 2. Office Development Actions ........................................................................................ 7-20 3. Retail Development Actions ........................................................................................ 7-20 4. Industrial Development Actions ................................................................................. 7-21 CHAPTER 8: HOUSING .........•............................................................................................................................. 8-1 A. INTRODUCTION .............................•...........•.............................................................................. 8-1 B. HOUSING DENSITIES AND TYPES ....................................................•......•...................•.......8-2 C. HOUSING OPPORTUNITIES ................................................................................................... 8-2 1. Smaller Lots ................................................................................................................... 8-2 2. Multi-Family Areas ....................................................................................................... 8-2 3. Planned Unit Residential ............................................................................................... 8-3 D. HOUSING PRESERVATION AND MAINTENANCE ........................................................... 8-3 E. HOUSING REVITALIZATION AND REDEVELOPMENT.................................................. 8-4 I 1 1 I CHAPTER 9: TRANSPORTATION ..••........•........................................................................................................ 9-1 A. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 9-1 B. MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN ............................................................•............................ 9-1 1. Preservation of Right-of-Way ....................................................................................... 9-2 2. Thoroughfare Design Standards ................................................................................ 9-13 3. Identification of Transportation Improvements ....................................................... 9-13 4. Maior Street Corridors ............................................................................................... 9-20 C. BIKEWAY AND WALKWAY PLANS ................................................................................... 9-21 1. Walkway Plan .............................................................................................................. 9-23 2. Bikeway Plan ................................................................................................................ 9-25 D. BUS ....................................................................................................................................... 9-27 E. RAIL ....................................................................................................................................... 9-29 F. AIR ...........................................................................................................................•........... 9-29 I I CHAPTER 10: UTILITY INFRASTRUCTURE ...•................•..................................................................•.•...... 10-1 A. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................•.•............... 10-1 B. PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM .............................................................................•....................... 10-1 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 10-1 2. Service Area/Supply .................................................................................................... 10-1 3. Distribution .........................................................................................•........................ 10-3 4. Water Storage .............................................................................................................. 10-3 I I IV , �C. D. E. 5. Public Water System Improvements' ......................................................................... 10-3 SANITARY SEWER SYSTEM ................................................................................................ 10-5 DRAINAGE SYSTEM .............................................................................................................. 10-8 1. Well Head Protection .................................................................................................. 10-8 2. Best Management Practices for Stormwater RunofT.............................................. 10-10 3. Drainage Improvements ............................................................................................ 10-10 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................ 10-12 CHAPTER 11: COMMUNITY FACILITIES .................................................................................................... 11-l A. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 11-l B. GENERAL GOVERNMENT FACILITIES ............................................................................ 11-l 1. Municipal Buildings .................................................................................................... 11-l 2. Library.......................................................................................................................... 11-l C. PUBLIC PROTECTION FACILITIES ................................................................................... 11-1 1. Fire ................................................................................................................................ 11-1 2. Police ............................................................................................................................. 11-3 D. EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES ................................................................................................ 11-3 1. Elementary Schools ..................................................................................................... 11-3 2. Middle & Senior High Schools ................................................................................... 11-4 3. Special Education ........................................................................................................ 11-4 4. Post-Secondary Education .......................................................................................... 11-4 5. Vocational Education .................................................................................................. 11-4 E. RECREATIONAL/ENTERTAINMENT/CULTURAL F ACILITIES .........................•........ 11-4 F. HEALTH FACILITIES ............................................................................................................. 11-5 CHAPTER 12: FUTURE LAND USE PATTERN ............................................................................................. 12-l A. GENESIS .................................................................................................................................... 12-l B. FOCUS ....................................................................................................................................... 12-1 C. MAJOR FEATURES ................................................................................................................. 12-2 1. Residential (Housing) .................................................................................................. 12-2 2. Oflice ............................................................................................................................. 12-3 3. Commercial .................................................................................................................. 12-4 4. Industrial ...................................................................................................................... 12-6 5. Open Space and Recreation (NaturaVCultural Resources) ..................................... 12-7 6. Public Use (Community Facilities) ............................................................................. 12-7 7. Transportation ............................................................................................................. 12-7 I CHAPTER 13: IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES AND ACTIONS .......................................................... 13-1 A. OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................... 13-1 B. AVAILABLE TOOLS ............................................................................................................... 13-l 1. Land Use Regulations .................................................................................................. 13-1 2. Capital Improvement Programs ................................................................................. 13-2 3. Property Acquisition Programs .................................................................................. 13-3 4. Revenue Policies ........................................................................................................... 13-3 C. TOOLS EXERCISED ................................................................................................................ 13-3 1. Land Use Regulations .................................................................................................. 13-3 2. Capital Improvement and Other Expenditure Programs ........................................ 13-4 3. Property Acquisition Programs .................................................................................. 13-5 4. Revenue Policies ........................................................................................................... 13-5 V �D. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES ..................................................................................... 13-5 I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Land Use Regulations .................................................................................................. 13-5 Capital Improvement and Other Expenditure Programs ........................................ 13-7 Property Redevelopment Programs ........................................................................... 13-8 Property Interest Acquisition Programs .................................................................... 13-8 Revenue Policies ........................................................................................................... 13-8 Listing of Implementation Recommendations ........................................................... 13-9 w:\ 1699\chapter• .ext w :\ 1699\masterpt\masterO I .doc VI �FIGURES FIGURE 1-1 FIGURE 1-2 FIGURE3-l FIGURE4-l FIGURE 5-1 FIGURE 5-2 FIGURE 5-3 FIGURE 5-4 FIGURE 5-5 FIGURE 6-1 FIGURE 7-1 FIGURE 7-2 FIGURE 7-3 FIGURE 7-4 FIGURE 7-5 FIGURE 9-1 FIGURE9-2 FIGURE 9-3 FIGURE 9-4 FIGURE 9-5 FIGURE9-6 FIGURE 9-7 FIGURE 10-1 FIGURE 10-2 FIGURE 10-3 FIGURE 10-4 FIGURE 11-1 FIGURE 12-1 LOCATION MAP .................................................................................................................. 1-2 LOCATION MAP, DIFFERENT SCALE ........................................................................... 1-3 GOALS FRAMEWORK: TOPIC ORGANIZATION ....................................................... 3-2 CITY CENTRE AREA ........................................................................................................ 4-22 SOILS ...................................................................................................................................... 5-2 FLOODPLAINS ..................................................................................................................... 5-4 NATURAL AREAS ................................................................................................................ 5-5 SENSITIVE LAND AREAS INVENTORY ........•...•.........•.••.................•..•.•........................ 5-6 HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES ........................................................... 5-8 RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE PLAN ...•.......•....•..•.•.............................•.................... 6-2 MILHAM AVENUE OFFICE CORRIDOR ..•........•......................•.•.................................. 7-8 CENTRE AVENUE OFFICE CORRIDOR ......................................................................... 7-9 PORTAGE COMMERCE SQUARE AND WESTNEDGE COMMERCIAL CORRIDOR .......................................................................................................................... 7-11 SPRINKLE ROAD INDUSTRIAL CORRIDOR .............................................................. 7-16 SHA VER ROAD INDUSTRIAL CORRIDOR .................................................................. 7-19 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN .................................................................................... 9-5 URBAN SECTIONS ............................................................................................................. 9-15 FUNDED EXPANSION PROJECTS ................................................................................. 9-16 MAJOR TRAVEL CORRIDORS .................................•..............................................•..... 9-22 WALKWAY PLAN .............................................................................................................. 9-24 BIKEWAY PLAN ................................................................................................................ 9-26 TRANSIT ROUTE ............................................................................................................... 9-28 WATER SHED ..................................................................................................................... 10-2 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ................................................................................. 10-4 SANITARY SEWER SYSTEM ........................................................................................... 10-7 RISK ZONE DESIGNATION MAP ................................................................................... 10-9 COMMUNITY FACILITIES .............................................................................................. 11-2 FUTURE LAND USE ........................................................................................................... 12-9 w:\1699\chapterl .el(t I vii I �TABLES TABLE 2-1 TABLE2-2 TABLE 2-3 TABLE 4-1 TABLE 4-2 TABLE 4-3 TABLE 5-1 TABLE 6-1 TABLE6-2 TABLE 6-3 TABLE 6-4 TABLE 7-1 TABLE 7-2 TABLE9-l TABLE 9-2 TABLE 9-3 TABLE9-4 TABLE 9-5 TABLE 10-1 TABLE 10-2 TABLE 10-3 TABLE 13-1 GUIDELINES APPLICABLE TO ALL USES ...................................................................... 2-6 GUIDBLINES APPLICABLE TO SPECIFIC USES AND SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES ................................................................................................................. 2-7 GUIDELINES APPLICABLE TO PROGRAMS .................................................................. 2-9 COMPARISON OF FUTURE LAND USE DESIGNATIONS TO PROJECTED DEMAND .................................................................................................................................. 4-2 COMMERCIAL ZONING DISTRICT SUMMARY .......................................................... 4-12 INDUSTRIAL ZONING DISTRICT SUMMARY .............................................................. 4-17 RISK DESIGNATIONS ......................................................................................................... 5-10 PARK AREA AND OPEN SPACE STANDARDS ................................................................ 6-6 FACILITY STANDARDS ....................................................................................................... 6-7 TOT AL PARK REQUIREMENTS (1995 • 2020) ................................................................. 6-8 TOTAL FACILITY REQUIREMENTS (1995 • 2020) ......................................................... 6-9 ECONOMIC DIVERSITY ...................................................................................................... 7-2 PORTAGE COMMERCE SQUARE CHARACTERISTICS ............................................ 7-12 THOROUGHFARE DESIGNATION GUIDELINES .......................................................... 9-4 EXISTING THOROUGHFARE STREET SEGMENT CHARACTERISTICS ................ 9-6 PROPOSED THOROUGHFARE STREET SEGMENT CHARACTERISTICS .............. 9-9 STREET CROSS SECTION STANDARDS ........................................................................ 9-14 MINIMUM BIKEWA Y WIDTHS ........................................................................................ 9-27 CITY OF PORTAGE WATER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS: 1995-2020..................... 10-6 RISK DESIGNA TIONS ....................................................................................................... 10-10 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT CAPITAL PROJECTS (FISCAL YEAR 1996 THROUGH 2005) ................................................................................................................. 10-11 IMPLEMENTATION RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................. 13-10 w:\1699\chapter I .ext Vlll �"J1 ·'~ CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION • A. THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN 1. The Master Plan This is the Municipal Comprehensive Plan for the City of Portage, Michigan (see Figures 1-1 and 1-2). As with any plan the concepts expressed within should be continuously evaluated, and as needs arise, adjustments should be made in the basic document. Accordingly, this document constitutes the 1996 Update to the Municipal Comprehensive Plan of 198 I. 2. Comprehensive Plan Process Although most land in Portage is privately owned, the entire community has a stake in how it is used. The health, safety, and welfare of all the city's citizens are affected by the use of land. Access to property for emergency vehicles, energy conservation, traffic movement, neighborhood preservation. employment, air and water quality, housing costs. waste disposal, historic preservation, shopping and recreation - all of these and many other factors relate to the use of land. The Comprehensive Plan is the key public policy guide for managing the physical environment of the community, including the use of land, the phasing of infrastructure (roads and utilities) to support development. and the accommodation of community facilities and natural/manmade amenities, for the present and future . Ultimately, the Comprehensive Plan reflects the values of the community in balancing the competition for land to sustain the economic viability and the quality of life of the community. The comprehensive planning process for a community consists of: • • • • Taking stock of what a community is and how it has evolved into its present form; Analyzing the factors that influence a community in the future; Establishing goals, objectives, and policies to guide a community as it undergoes change and confronts development timing and location and supporting public investment; and Developing a program that will translate these goals, objectives and policies into reality. This program is referred to as the Comprehensive Plan, but the key words from the description above are process and change. Plans grow and change over time. A program for community development will accomplish its goals only if it is current and workable. Thus, because communities are constantly changing, the goals, objectives and policies guiding that change must be scrutinized from time-to-time to ensure continued effectiveness in achieving a desirable future for the community. Hence, a Comprehensive Plan is part of a continuing process that evaluates how the community got where it is, knows where it wants to go and how it is going to get there. I ' ' Keeping planning current and flexible is crucial to the ability to guide and balance development prospects as conditions change, unforeseeable events occur, old problems are solved, new ones arise and new methods are found to solve them. The City of Portage has continued the process of comprehensive planning by authorizing the 1996 update of the 1981 Comprehensive Plan. Since that 1981 Plan was approved, the City has experienced: PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL ) 1-1 �~ ~ llllal! ~ .. Grand Rapids ~ ~.... ==-i+~r Ann:,w~ .L ) I\.\ Di;:. -~-- /1 J-1~ ~' ---= Figure 1-1 LOCATION MAP 1-2 �ams-Ra,=k- - - . l,:k--1----1--'----l~---tf----+-f 1 1 Sdioolcra ft Fulton 1 1 1 1 Figure 1-2 LOCATION MAP 1-3 �• Industrial changes; • • • • More than two decades of demographic change representing two census reporting periods; Significantly new development, especially residential and commercial; The changing character of its central business district (Portage Commerce Square); and Replacement, upgrading, and normal aging of public facilities and infrastructure . • The 1996 Comprehensive Plan Update is intended to consider in detail how the changes described above, as well as other factors , are affecting, or will likely affect the future of Portage, and to outline appropriate strategies for directing this development. If the Comprehensive Plan is consulted in public and private decisions concerning the physical environment of the community and is flexible enough to guide rather than dictate decision-making, the 1996 Comprehensive Plan Update will be an important tool for community progress. B. WHO DEVELOPED THE PLAN? This Comprehensive Plan has been developed in conformance with Michigan Compiled Laws (MCL) 125.36. The 125.31 through 125.35 series of the Michigan Compiled Laws authorizes the creation of a Municipal Planning Commission and spells out its responsibilities and authorities, including the responsibility for developing a Master Plan, commonly referred to as the Comprehensive Plan. Michigan Compiled Laws 125.38 mandates the involvement of the public in the development of the Comprehensive Plan by requiring that "the Plan Commission must: I. Give notice and hold at least one ( I) public hearing on the Plan ; 2. Publish the time and place of the hearing in a newspaper of general circulation within the municipality." This plan was advertised in accord with these regulations in the Kalamazoo Gazette on the 2nd day of July, 1996. C. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 THE PURPOSE OF THE PLAN The purposes of the Comprehensive Plan are established in Michigan Statutes. In essence, it is a master plan for the physical development of the community. Under MCL I 25.37, the general purpose of the Comprehensive Plan is guiding and accomplishing a coordinated , adjusted , and harmonious development of the municipality and its environs which will. in accordance with present and future needs : I. best promote health, safety, morals, order, convenience, prosperity, and general welfare, as well as 2. efficiency and economy in the process of development; including, among other things, 3. adequate provision for traffic, 4. the promotion of safety from fire and other dangers, 5. adequate provision of light and air, 6. the promotion of the healthful and convenient distribution of population, 7. the promotion of good civic design and arrangement, PORTAGE C OMPREHENSIVE PLAr- UPDATE : MASTER Pl.AN REPORT ( FINAL) 1 1-4 �8. wise and efficient expenditure of public funds , and 9. the adequate provision of public utilities and other public requirements. Under Michigan law, a comprehensive plan is required for a community to establish a variety of land use controls including subdivision regula'tions (MCL 125.44), zoning regulations (MCL 125.581), planned unit development regulations (MCL 125 .5846), and site plan review regulations (MCL I 25.584d), as well as a capital improvement program (MCL 125.39). D. WHAT AREA DOES THE PLAN COVER? Under MCL 125.36, the Planning Commission "shall make and adopt a master plan for the physical development of the municipality, including any areas outside of its boundaries which, in the commission ' s judgment, bear relation to the planning of the municipality." The Planning Commission has chosen to prepare the Comprehensive Plan only for the geographic area within the municipal boundaries of the City of Portage. E. WHAT IS IN THE PLAN? The Comprehensive Plan consists of four volumes : "Community Profile--Existing Conditions/2015 Outlook"; ''Alternative Future Land Use Patterns"; "Master Plan" Report; and "Summary.'' The first two volumes document the comprehensive surveys and studies of present conditions and future growth (per MCL 125 .37 ). The last two reports constitute the Master Plan Report which provides the guidance for development decisions (per MCL 125.36). The Master Plan Report consists of thirteen chapters: I. Introduction 2. How To Use The Plan 3. Goals and Objectives with Guidelines 4. Land Use Element 5. Natural/Cultural Resources Element 6. Recreation and Open Space Element 7. Economy/Market Place Element 8. Housing Element 9. Transportation Element 10. Utility Infrastructure Element I I. Community Facilities Element 12. Future Land Use Map 13 . Implementation Strategies and Actions. The "Intro" sets the context of the Plan. It answers the who, what, where. when , and why questions. The "How to Use the Plan" chapter explains how the Plan may be used in physical development decisions ranging from land use to infrastructure improvements to revitalization programs. The Goals and Objectives constitute the future vision of the community, and are statements concerning the end results intended to be achieved through the use of the Comprehensive Plan. The broad statements are further refined by the Guidelines which are a series of statements that provide guidance for decisions and actions concerning use of land . The Guidelines are a contemporary interpretation and extensive refinement of the Goals and Objectives. They are a response to a number of current community issues, problems and opportunities. Proposals for changes in the way land is used will be reviewed against the Guidelines to detennine whether they are in agreement with the Plan. P ORTAGE C O MPREHEN SIVE PLA N UPDATE : MASTER P LAN REPORT ( FI NAL ) 1-5 �The eight elements of the Comprehensive Plan describe how future land use needs, supporting infrastructure and protection of the environment are to be achieved . The Future Land Use Map reflects a desirable future land use pattern for the community addressing future land use needs, ensuring an efficient development pattern and enhancing the quality of community life as set forth in the goals and objectives. The Implementation Chapter addresses appropriate actions for achievement of the Comprehensive Plan. F. WHY DOES TIIE PLAN CONTAIN WHAT IT DOES? The Comprehensive Plan satisfies community needs and legal requirements. In accordance with MCL 125.36, the Comprehensive Plan shall : show the Commission's recommendations for the development of the community, including, among other things: I. the general location, character, and extent of streets, bridges, waterways, flood plains, boulevards, parkways, playgrounds and open spaces, the general location of public buildings and other public property. and the general location and extent of public utilities, whether publicly or privately owned or operated, for water, light, sanitation, transportation, communication, power, and other purposes; 2. also the removal , relocation, widening, narrowing, vacating, abandonment, change of use or extension of an y of the foregoing ways, grounds, open spaces, buildings, property, utilities or temtinals; the general location. character, layout and extent of community centers and neighborhood units; and 3. the general character, extent and layout of the replanning and development; 4. as well as a zoning plan for the control of the height, area, bulk, location, and use of buildings and premises. The ability of a community to control its development through zoning ordinances, subdivision regulations, historic preservation ordinances, and other related ordinances is therefore dependent upon the development of a comprehensive plan which gives guidance to those further actions. G. HOW WAS TIIE PLAN APPROVED? The Planning Commission of the City of Portage is responsible for adoption of the Comprehensive Plan (MCL 125.36) after public notice and hearing (MCL 125.38). On April 18. 1995 , the City of Portage engaged the services of a planning firm, The Corradino Group with headquarters in Louisville, Kentucky. to assist in the preparation of the 1996 Comprehensive Plan Update. Over the following months the Planning Commission and City officials or Administration met and involved the public in a series of forums to develop this document which was presented for final public inspection and comment on July 18, 1996. Upon adoption of the Comprehensive Plan by resolution, the Planning Commission shall certify an attested copy of the Plan to the City Council and to the County Register of Deeds as the final action (MCL 125.38). H. WHAT DOES THE PLAN REQUIRE? Growth is certain to occur in the City of Portage in the near future . Growth in jobs, in population. in housing, and in the need for infrastructure will happen . The growth can be planned and managed by the will of the community to enhance and protect the way of life that has made Portage such an attractive place to live. Or, it can be unplanned and directed by the personal interests of individuals and groups concerned about their own needs but operating in ignorance or disdain of the community interests. PORTAGE C OMPREHENSIVE PLAN U PDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FINAL) 1-6 �This plan, followed by the continuation of growth management tools such as zoning ordinance and subdivision regulations, is a means to wise stewardship of community resources for present and future generations to provide a desirable living environment for all. The Plan requires only that it be considered in the process of making decisions regarding land use ordinances. It does not have legal enforcement P"Wers nor does it contain any penalty provisions. It does not alter the process presently in place in Portage for making such land use ordinance decisions. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE . MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL ) 1-7 �·- ., v' t CHAPTER 2: THE PLAN How TO USE Although most land in The City of Portage is privately owned, the entire community has a stake in how it is used. The health, safety, morals, order, convenience, prosperity, and general welfare of all the community' s citizens are affected by the use of land. Access for fire trucks to a piece of property, conservation of energy, traffic movement, neighborhood preservation, employment levels, protection from flooding, level of water pollution, utility bills, housing costs, preservation of history, convenience to work, shopping and recreation - all of these and many other factors relate to the use of land . The Comprehensive Plan is the key to managing the land and its future development in The City of Portage. A. OVERVIEW OF THE PLAN The Comprehensive Plan is a framework and guide for land use regulation, development actions, and decisions as well as public expenditures on infrastructure to support land use activities. It is a prerequisite in Michigan for establishment of a zoning ordinance. subdivision regulations, and capital improvement programs. It serves as the legal basis under Michigan Compiled Laws for determination of questions and issues regarding: • • • • • Definition of zoning districts (including overlay zoning districts and planned unit developments). Recommendations on zoning changes. Development of subdivision regulations. Preservation of street rights-of-way (i .e., Major Thoroughfare Plan). Development of capital improvement programs. An officially adopted comprehensive plan is required under Michigan Compiled Laws (MCL) for a community to adopt a variety of land use control mechanisms [MCL 125.39, 125.43, 125.581(2)) . The Comprehensive Plan for The City of Portage will be used by the City of Portage Planning Commission as required under Michigan law. It satisfies specific Michigan Compiled Laws legislation (i.e., MCL 125.36 and MCL 125.37) regarding infrastructure and community development issues, and finally it provides a series of goals, objectives and guidelines that will serve to guide The City of Portage' s growth in years to come. The following sections review key points about the Comprehensive Plan. B. REVIEW OF LAND USE CHANGE PROPOSALS Prior to approval of requests for changes in land use (i .e., rezoning proposals and Future Land Use Map amendments) by the Planning Commission, it must be found that the proposed changes are consistent with the Comprehensive Plan. Specifically, to determine whether a proposed land use change is consistent with the Plan, appropriate Guidelines in the Plan and the Future Land Use Map must be reviewed . In the case of a Zoning District Map (i .e., rezoning) amendment, the proposed land use change must be consistent with both the Future Land Use Map and Guidelines to be consistent with the Comprehensive Plan. When an amendment to the Future Land Use Map of the Comprehensive Plan 1s proposed, the proposal must be consistent with the Guidelines of the Comprehensive Plan . PORTAGE C OMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 2- 1 �1. Consistency with Future Lane Use Map The first test of consistency with the Comprehensive Plan is whether or not the proposed land use change is consistent with the future land use designation of the Future Land Use Map. If the proposed land use change and the future land use designation are the same, the proposal is fully consistent with the Future Land Use Map . If the proposed land use change is of a comparable or lesser intensity land use than the future land use designation, the proposal is generally consistent with the Future Land Use Map. For example, a land use change to offices would be generally consistent with a future land use designation for commercial because offices are generally permitted as uses of right in commercial zoning districts. If the proposed land use change is of a significantly different intensity than the future land use designation, the proposed land use change is not consistent with the Future Land Use Map. ln such cases, the applicant for a zoning district map amendment may wish to apply first for an amendment to the Future Land Use Map. If the Planning Commission makes a favorable recommendation on a Zoning District Map amendment (i .e. , rezoning) and/or the City Council approves a zoning district map amendment that is inconsistent with the Future Land Use Map designation, the Planning Commission should amend the Future Land Use Map consistent with the Comprehensive Plan Guidelines. Even though a proposed land use change is found to be fully consistent or generally consistent with the Future Land Use Map, it must also be found to be consistent with the Guidelines of the Comprehensive Plan . If the Planning Commission desires to change a future land use designation of the Future Land Use Map, the Goals, Objectives and Guidelines of the Comprehemive Plan should support the redesignation . 2. Consistency with Guidelines The second test of consistency with the Comprehensive Plan is whether or not the proposed land use change (i .e .. Zoning District Map amendment or future land use amendment of the Future Land Use Map) is consistent with the Guidelines of the Comprehensive Plan . If the proposed land use change is not consistent with the Future Land Use Map designation. examination of the proposal relative to the Guidelines is only fruitful to support an amendment to the Future Land Use Map. If the proposed land use change is generally consistent with the Future Land Use Map designation. demonstrated compliance with the Guidelines is critical to reach a finding of full consistency with the Comprehensive Plan. Not all guidelines apply in each case. In fact, some guidelines address housing and infrastructure programs, and do not apply to land use change proposals. At the end of this chapter, Table 2-1 lists guidelines to be reviewed for all land uses. In addition to the guidelines applicable to all land uses, guidelines are to be reviewed for the specific land uses (residential, office, commercial. industrial, and community facilities) and any special circumstances, referring to Table 2-2. Table 2-3 lists guidelines for use in reviewing public programs. To use the Plan, appropriate land uses and circumstances must be located on the tables . Applicable guidelines are listed after each land use and circumstance. Only those guidelines listed in the "guidelines to be reviewed" column will be used in the evaluation of land use change proposals. The letter preceding each guideline identifies the topic area in the Guidelines Section . The following codes are used : C CF H I M NC 0 R T u Commercial Community Facilities Housing Industrial Economy/Marketplace Natural/Cultural Office Residential Transportation Utility Infrastructure PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE Pl.AN UPDATE : MASTER Pl.AN REPORT (FINAL) 2-2 �For example, R-5 is guideline number 5 in the Residential area. Once applicable guidelines are identified, it is necessary to detennine whether the land use change is consistent with the guideline. The nature of these detenninations will vary. If a guideline states that high density residential development is appropriate only on or very near an arterial street, and if a proposal for high density development is on a major or minor arterial as designed by the Major Thoroughfare Plan, then a finding of consistency with the guideline is clear. If a proposal is not consistent with an applicable guideline, the people making the proposal have the opportunity to take appropriate corrective action to bring the proposal into consistency with the guideline. After a land use change proposal has been reviewed against each applicable guideline, and the people making the proposal have proposed mitigative actions to comply with the guidelines in question, a finding of consistency or inconsistency with the guidelines can be made. For a proposal (i .e., zoning district map amendment or Future Land Use Map amendment) to be in consistency with the Plan , it should normally be consistent with all applicable guidelines. Violation of any applicable guideline will typically constitute sufficient reason to find the proposed land use change to be inconsistent with the Comprehensive Plan. There may be exceptions to this rule. A proposal may be in violation of a guideline but still be consistent with the Plan. when : 3. I) The o verall intent of the Comprehensive Plan is followed . 2) The proposal does not substantially violate the applicable guideline or the adverse impact of the proposal on the community is minimal or nonexistent. 3) All feasible and practical methods have been exhausted for bringing the proposal into consistency with an applicable guideline. Consistency with the Comprehensive Plan For a proposed land use change concerning a Zoning District Map amendment to be consistent with the Comprehensive Plan. the proposal should be found to be consistent with the Future Land Use Map and the Guidelines . In the case of a proposed land use change concerning a Future Land Use Map amendment, the proposal should be found to be consistent with the Guidelines of the Comprehensive Plan to be found to be consistent with the Comprehensive Plan. C. FOUNDATION FOR GROWTH MANAGEMENT MECHANISMS The Comprehensive Plan serves as a guide for land use planning and management and development actions and decisions. The specific "tools" of the planning process include, but are not limited to, subdivision regulations, zoning ordinances. and capital improvement programs. Following the adoption of the 1996 Comprehensive Plan Update, the Planning Commission may recommend revisions to a variety of land management tools. 1. Subdivision and Condominium Regulations Subdivision regulations are the rules under which property owners may divide tracts of land . They cover factors such as design of streets, building locations, and required physical improvements to the land . They are intended to protect the property owner from inadequate services essential to the use of the property and to protect the community from excessive costs of improperly constructed facilities . The Planning Commission must review and approve an y subdivision of land in the City of Portage including condominiums. Under Michigan Compiled Laws (MCL) 125.43. the Planning Commission must adopt the Major Thoroughfare Plan component of the Comprehensive Plan to regulate the subdivision of land . Thus. the Major Thoroughfare Plan within the Transportation Element of the I 996 Comprehensi ve Plan Update is crucial to the preservation of right-of-way in the subdivision process as well as the zoning district map amendment process. The Guidelines of the Comprehensive Plan PORTA GE C OMPREH ENS IVE PLAN U PDATE MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FI NAL ) 2-3 �and the infrastructure elements of the Comprehensive Plan provide an underpinning as well as guidance in revision of the community subdivision regulations (per MCL 125.44). 2. Land Use Regulations Perhaps the most widely known Planning Commission authority is the responsibility to consider and recommend matters concerning the division of the community into zones and the regulation of land use activities and characteristics in these zoning districts (under MCL 125.581 through 125.584). The Zoning Ordinance defines what land uses can legally exist in each district as permitted and conditional uses. They also place various controls on these land uses such as height, yard requirements, parking, lot size, signage and landscaping, etc. Its purpose is to promote public health, safety and welfare. The Planning Commission serves in an advisory capacity to the legislative body for Zoning District Map amendments (i.e., zoning changes or rezonings). All zoning change requests come before the Planning Commission for a public hearing and Planning Commission recommendation, but the final authority on zoning rests with the legislative body (i.e., the City Council). The Planning Commission also serves in an advisory capacity for zoning regulation text changes. Michigan Compiled Laws 125.585 also authorizes creation of the Zoning Board of Appeals (ZBA). The ZBA has several authorities and duties, including hearing and deciding appeals of zoning enforcement actions, authorizing variances from the provisions of the zoning ordinance. and hearing and deciding exceptions in interpretations of the Zoning District Map and special approval situations. Under MCL 125.581 (2), the Comprehensive Plan provides the foundation for land use regulations including zoning overlay districts for specific land use management objectives or specific land use problems such as flooding (MCL 125.583), special land use regulations (MCL 25.584a). planned unit developments (MCL 125.5846), and site plan review regulations (MCL 125.584d). Accordingly, the Comprehensive Plan Guidelines provide an underpinning for various regulations; and the Comprehensive Plan Guidelines, Elements and Future Land Use Map provide guidance in the development and/or refinement of these regulations. As previously noted, the Comprehensive Plan comes directly into play in determining the appropriateness of proposed zoning district map amendments. 3. Capital Improvement Programs Under Michigan Compiled Laws (MCL) 125.39, the Comprehensive Plan is the basis for a capital improvement program. The City of Portage adopts a ten-year capital improvement program that is annually updated. Accordingly. the Infrastructure Elements (transportation and utilities). Recreation and Open Space Element and Community Facilities Element of the Comprehensive Plan serve as a source and provide guidance on public improvements. Further. the Major Thoroughfare Plan component of the Transportation Element and the Future Land Use Map provide guidance on the location of public improvements. Finally, the Guidelines of the Comprehensive Plan aid in identifying and evaluating locations and designs for proposed public improvements. D. OTHER PLAN USES The Comprehensive Plan also provides guidance on property acquisition programs. property redevelopment programs, housing programs and economic development efforts initiated by the public sector and property use decisions of the private sector. .:.. I. Property Acquisition Programs The Comprehensive Plan Functional Elements and the Future Land Use Map identify future needs for recreation, open space and community facilities where the city may acquire a full or partial interest in property to achieve the Goals and Objectives of the Comprehensive Plan. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE · MASTER PLAN REPORT {FINAL) 2-4 �2. Property Redevelopment Progra~ The Future Land Use Map identifies possible areas where redevelopment of property for other uses may be appropriate in future years. 3. Housing Programs' The Guidelines and Housing Element of the Comprehensive Plan support initiatives to conserve and rehabilitate sound housing and to broaden housing opportunities. 4. Economic Development Efforts The Comprehensive Plan Guidelines and Economy/Marketplace Element address actions to preserve, revitalize and attract business and employment to the community. 5. Private Land Use Decisions Obviously, the Plan guides land owners in the City of Portage. If land owners want to use their land in a new way, they need to identify the zoning district in which the property is located, and whether the zoning regulations allow the development of the proposed land use. If not, the owner needs to examine the Comprehensive Plan concerning the property. since a change in zoning must be consistent with the intent of the Plan. The land owner may individually develop a new land use or may team up with or provide an option to other people or businesses to develop the land. This partnership, agreement, or contract may involve any of a number of factors: market analysts to consider economic feasibility of the development; financial institutions to fund the development; prospective tenants for the development; surveyors to measure and map the layout of the land; planners and engineers to plan and design the development; architects to design the buildings; attorneys to represent the various interests in the development; businesses to prepare the land by putting in streets and utilities; builders to put up the structures; and so on. Along with the land owner, each of these people or firms have reason to analyze the Comprehensive Plan about a particular piece of property being considered for development, or for that matter, what the Plan recommends about all property in The City of Portage. The Plan may on occasion, or quite frequently, guide any number of decisions made by these property owners/developers . .::. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 2-5 �Table 2-1 GUIDELINES APPLICABLE To ALL USES Land Use Category Applicable To: All Land Uses Guidelines To Be Reviewed 1-8 Preserve Industrial Subdivision Sites A void Areas with Environmental Constraints Natural Drainage Channels Erosion Control Lake/Stream Buffering Protect Wildlife and Natural Areas M-5 Mixing of Uses T-1 Adequate Streets T-2 Pedestrian Movement T-3 Bicycle Movement T-4 Adequate Rights-Of-Way T-5 Roadway Cross Section Compatible with Area T-6 Access for All Transportation Modes T-7 Internal Circulation Design T-8 Higher Intensity Use Access T-9 Preservation of Through Traffic Capacity T-10 Adequate Off-Street Parking/Loading U-1 Existing Utilities U-2 Adequate Water Supply U-3 Adequate Sewage Treatment U-4 Adequate Storm Water Drainage U-7 Expansion of Sewers and Waterlines CF-8 Adequate Fire Protection NC-I NC-3 NC-4 NC-5 NC-9 Applicable If: In the I 00-Year Floodplain Site has Major Noise Problems Affects Historic Place/Structure Near or Within Portage Commerce Square Major Development near City Limits Transportation Facility Abandoned Transportation Corridor Utility Installation PORTAGE COMPREHE Sl\'E PLAN UPDATE NC-2 Development Restrictions NC-7 Discourage Noise-Sensitive Uses NC-8 Protect Historic Structures and Sites M-1 Site Planning Standards M-8 Coordinate Review T-11 Compatible Transportation Facility Design T-13 Transportation Corridor Preservation U-5 Compatible Utility Installation U-6 Underground Utility Installation MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 2-6 �Table 2-2 GUIDELINES APPLICABLE TO SPECIFIC USES AND SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES Land Use Categories or Special Circumstances Applicable To: All Non-Residential Applicable To: All Residential Applicable If: Mobile Homes Applicable To: Office Space Applicable If: Near or Within Portage Commerce Square Guidelines To Be Reviewed R-1 Protect Neighborhoods R-2 R-3 R-4 R-5 R-6 R-7 R-8 R-9 R- 10 R-11 H-2 Buffering Compatibility with Surrounding Uses Site Design Features Innovative Design (mixture of types/densities) Site Design Abutting Arterials Density Categories Low Density Location Criteria Medium Density Location Criteria High Density Location Criteria Floodplain Prohibition Mixture of Housing Types R-12 Mobile Home Grouping 0-1 0-2 0-3 0-4 0-5 0-6 0-7 Planned Office Centers Site Design Buffering Innovative Design Stand Alone Sites Location in Office Corridors Mixed Use Areas or Abutting Residential Areas M-6 Expansion of Portage Commerce Square PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 2-7 �Table 2-2 Continued GUIDELINES APPLICABLE To SPECIFIC USES AND SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES Land Use Categories or Special Circumstances Applicable To: Commercial Applicable If: Near or Within Portage Commerce Square Applicable To: Industrial Applicable If: Proposal Near Airport Near or Within Industrial Corridors Applicable To: Community Facilities Guidelines To Be Reviewed C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4 C-5 C-6 C-7 C-8 C-9 Planned Commercial Centers Stand Alone and Strip Commercial Sites Residential, Industrial or Recreational Areas Neighborhood Convenience Large Traffic Generators Location in Commercial Corridors Site Design Buffering Innovative Design M-6 Expansion of Portage Commerce Square 1-1 Location in Industrial Corridors 1-2 Site Design 1-3 Nuisance Mitigation 1-4 Hazardous and Offensive Uses 1-5 Next to Residential or Within Mixed Use Areas 1-7 Environmental Standards 1-9 Incentives NC-6 Storage/Waste Disposal Areas 1-6 Industrial Sites near Airports M-7 Industrial Area Expansion CF-I CF-2 CF-3 CF-4 CF-5 CF-6 CF-7 PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) Location and Expansion Criteria Compatibility with Surrounding Area Shared Sites Major Traffic Generators Residential Areas Preserve Facilities Use Existing Structures 2-8 �Table 2-3 GUIDELINES APPLICABLE TO PROGRAMS Pro2ram Ca1ie2ories Applicable To: Economic Development Programs Applicable To: Capital Improvements Program Applicable If: Major Infrastructure Investments Applicable To: Review of Development Controls Applicable To: Housing Programs Guidelines To Be Reviewed M-1 Business Outreach M-9 Facilitate Revitalization and Redevelopment M-2 M-9 T-1 I T-12 T-13 U-5 U-6 Public Infrastructure Expenditures Facilitate Revitalization and Redevelopment Compatible Transportation Facility Design Transportation Project Evaluation Transportation Corridor Preservation Compatible Utility Installation Underground Utility Location M-8 Coordinate Review M-3 M-9 H-3 H-4 Preservation of Land for Business Parks Facilitate Revitalization and Redevelopment Mixture of Housing Types Innovative Housing Design and Housing Types H-1 Housing Opportunities PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 2-9 �CHAPTER 3: GOALS AND OBJECTIVES WITH GUIDELINES A. OVERVIEW On June 22. 1995 , the Planning Commission reviewed an initial framework for the generation of goals, objective and guidelines. Draft goals were prepared on the basis of growth management issues (identified at May 25th public forums and May 25th Planning Commission workshop) and previous studies of development issues in Portage, and were presented for public comment at the second round of public forums and a Planning Commission workshop on July 27th . Based on comments of the public and the Planning Commissioners, the draft goals were revised and an associated set of objectives were prepared . With minor revisions. the Planning Commission on August 24th approved the goals and objectives as basis for proceeding with the generation of guidelines and for guiding the development and evaluation of future growth options. Draft guidelines were prepared and presented for public comment at the third round of public forums and a Planning Commission workshop on September 28, 1995. With revisions based on public and Planning Commissioner comments, the guidelines were finalized on October 26. l 995. In conjunction with the Future Land Use Map and the Thoroughfare Plan Map, the guidelines will be used to review development proposed for compliance with the Comprehensive Plan and to identify mitigative actions for bringing development proposals into compliance with the Comprehensive Plan. B. GOALS FRAMEWORK A framework was developed and refined for the generation of goals, objectives and guidelines by topical area. Figure 3-1 provides an overview of the goals framework as presented at the public forums and Planning Commission workshop on July 27 , 1995. The final goals framework follows . 1. Land Use and Development a) b) c) General Land Use Residential i) Overall Residential ii) Single-Family iii) Multi-Family iv) Mobile Homes Office i) Overall Office ii ) Professional Office iii ) General Office PORT AGE C OMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( ANAL) 3- 1 �"D ....~ ► lo) m ~,, ;JJ ~ i GOALS FRAMEWORK: Topic Organization "D (goals, objectives and guidelines) ~ i C ~ f ~ r:, !: ....~ u) ..... I ~ ~ :JJ ~ LAND USE and DEVROPMm -General Land Use -Residential -Office -Commercial -Industrial -Special Districts & Corridors NATURAl/CUlTURALRESOURCES -Natural Environment -Manmade Environment -Open Space & Recreation -Cultural/Entertainment Facilities ECOIIOMY/MARKO PUCE -Business Climate -Business Support -Business Retention & Recruitment -Revitalization & Redevelopment -Regional Coordination ~ f ~ --f i. r, ~ I: g HOUSING -Residential Character -Structure Preservation & Maintenance -Structure Revitalization & Redevelopment -Types 't> l'I) TRANSPORTATION -Roadways -Transit -Airports -Blkeways/Walkways -Railroads UTILITY INFRASTRUCTURE -Sewer Utilities -Water Utilities -Drainage Utilities -Electrlc/Gas/Telecommunlcatlon Utllltles -Solid Waste Disposal COMMUNITY FACRJTIES -General Government -Public Protection Facllltles -Educational Facllltles -Health Facllltles . �d) e) 0 2. 3. Commercial i) Highway Service (Motel/Hotel) ii) Neighborhood iii) Community iv) R'egional Industrial v) wholesaling/warehousing vi) light manufacturing vii) heavy manufacturing viii) transportation/utilities/communities Special Districts and Corridors ix) Portage Commerce Square x) Portage City Centre area xi) West Centre A venue high-tech/research office corridor xii) Industrial Corridors (Spri nkle and Shaver) Natural/Cultural Resources a) Natural Environment i) Natural Streams ii) Floodplains iii) Wetlands iv) Problem Soils v) Lakes vi) Game Preserves vii) Woodlands and Natural Areas viii) Water Quality ix) Air Quality b) Manmade Environment i) Urban Design ii) Historic c) Open Space & Recreation i) Parks ii) Green ways iii) Cemeteries d) Cultural/Entertainment Facilities Economv/Marketplace a) Business Climate i) Population/Income ii) Labor Force iii) Economy iv) Public Taxes and Regulation s b) Business Support i) Economic Development Programs ii) Financial Resources and Incentives iii) Transportation Systems iv) Communication Systems v) Physical Sites and Buildings vi) Travel/Conference Facilities vii) Utilities viii) Environmental Conditions c) Business Retention and Recruitment i) Business Outreach ii) Business Targeting PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASll:R PLAN REPORT (F!NAL) 3-3 �d) e) f) I Revitalization and Redevelopment i) Business Sectors in Transition ii) Geographic Areas in Transition iii) Industrial Corridors in Transition iv) Residential Neighborhoods in Transition t Regional Coordination i) Transportation and Utilities (sanitary sewers) ii) Community Facilities Development Controls and Incentives i) Zoning Classifications (residential cluster development) 4. Housing a) Residential Character i) Non-Residential Use Compatibility ii) Transportation/Infrastructure Compatibility b) Preservation and Maintenance c) Revitalization and Redevelopment d) Types e) Densities 5. Transportation a) Roadways b) Transit c) Airports d) Bikeways/Walkways e) Railroads 6. Utility Infrastructure a) Sewer Utilities i) Sewage Treatment Facilities ii) Sanitary Sewer b) Water Utilities i) Water Treatment Facilities ii) Waterlines iii) Well Head Protection c) Drainage Utilities i) Stormwater Retention ii) Stormsewers iii) Drainage Facilities d) Electric/Gas/felecommunication Utilities e) Solid Waste Disposal 7. Community Facilities a) General Government b) Public Protection Facilities i) police ii) fire iii) emergency c) Educational Facilities d) Health Facilities PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 3-4 �C. GOALS Draft goal s were presented to the public and Planning Commission on July 27th; and, on the basis of comments. a revised set of goals were prepared and presented to the Planning Commission on August 24 , 1995 . With refinements directed by the Planning Commission on August 24th, the goals are as follows : • 1. 2. 3. Land Use and Development: Goal I . I : A well-organized and efficient use of land to meet the future employment and living needs of the community. Goal 1.2: An appropriate balance between and within land use types. Goal 1.3: A balance in the use of land that meets the existing and future needs of residents and businesses while protecting the natural and historic environment for the enjoyment of future generations. Goal 1.4: A community with a continuing residential flavor and an attractive residential environment. Natural/Cultural Resources: Goal 2.1: Natural , historic and cultural resource preservation for the maximum benefit and enjoyment of all. Goal 2.2 : Air and water (both surface and ground ) quality consistent with the existing and anticipated future use of such resources. Goal 2.3 : A recreation system that meets the active and passive needs of the existing and future characteristics of the people of Portage. Economy/Marketplace: Goal 3.1 : Sensible and sustainable, high quality, economic growth and development of a kind consistent with a diversified economy and with environmental protection and at a pace supportable by the community ' s existing and reasonably anticipated future infrastructure. Goal 3.2: Office, commercial and industrial development in designated areas to provide for business expansion needs, while achieving compatibility with surrounding land uses, the environment and public infrastructure investment. Goal 3.3 : The location and timing of public infrastructure (modern transportation, water, sewer and utility systems) expenditures for sustained economic expansion. Goal 3.4 : Public programs, incentives, regulations and taxation policies that are consistent with development and environmental goals . Goal 3.5: Regional cooperation for an attractive business climate and for effective and efficient delivery of business support activities . PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FINAL ) 3-5 �4. Housing: Goal 4 .1: A residential flavor for Portage where the majority of the housing remains single-family detached structures. Goal 4 .2: N diverse and stable housing stock providing for a range of housing opportunities for all income groups and a suitable living environment for all persons. Goal 4.3 : 5. Transportation Goal 5.1: Goal 5.2 : Goal 5.3: 6. Goal 6.2: A transportation system adequate to accommodate the initial and ultimate development of Portage. Effectively use existing transportation system capital investments. The efficient maintenance and expansion of utility systems to serve development while protecting the environment, improving water quality, protecting development from environmental hazards and providing recreational opportunities. Public water, sanitary sewer and storm water drainage systems adequate to accommodate initial and ultimate development of Portage. Community Facilities: Goal 7.1: Goal 7.2: D. A balanced and coordinated, multi-modal transportation system for the movement of people and goods throughout the community in a safe, efficient manner. Utility Infrastructure: Goal 6.1: 7. Public programs, incentives, regulations and taxation policies that support the provision of housing opportunities for all persons .. High quality community facilities (municipal, police, fire, library, educational, cultural) to meet the projected changing needs, demographics and life styles and the health, safety and welfare of Portage residents. A variety of community facilities necessary to enhance community image and to contribute to a superior quality of life within Portage and the region. OBJECTIVES On the basis of public and Planning Commission comments on July 27th, draft objectives were prepared and presented to the Planning Commission on August 24, 1995. With refinements directed by the Planning Commission on August 24th, the objectives are as follows: ' Land Use and Development: Objective I.I: Objective 1.2: Concentrate future development in or adjacent to existing developed areas. Ensure the systematic development of residential , commercial and industrial uses in specific areas and corridors to take advantage of existing and future infrastructure improvements. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 3-6 �Objective 1.3: Foster the revitalization and redevelopment of existing uses which have deteriorated or have become obsolete. Objective I .4: Provide for the appropriate integration of different land use types and densities through location and design for compatibility. t 2. ' Objective 1.5 : Develop a balanced commercial base that meets the daily convenience needs of residents and employees while maintaining Portage' s position as the regional retail center for southwest Michigan and capturing the traveler/tourist market that passes through the community. Objective 1.6: Encourage the development of more corporate and regional office centers as well as office/research centers in Portage. Objective 1.7: Encourage innovative residential design to accommodate projected changing needs, demographics and life styles. Objective 1.8: Ensure the location and design of development to preserve natural areas, neighborhoods. and community character. Objective 1.9 : Permit innovative design to preserve and protect environmentally sensitive areas. Objective 1. 10: Protect sound residential areas from the intrusion of non-residential uses and from nuisances (such as traffic , noise and light) associated with non-residential uses. Objective I . 11 : Protect and preserve viable single-family residential neighborhoods. Objective I .12: Permit non-residential uses within residential neighborhoods when the location is essential or is supportive to the residential neighborhood. provided such uses are compatible with abutting residential development. Objective 1. 13: Permit the expansion of existing, non-residential uses within residential areas only when such expansion is compatible with abutting residential development. Objective 1.14: Ensure appropriate uses in and design of transitional areas between residential and nonresidential uses to ensure compatibility with the residential environment. Objective I. I 5: Ensure the compatibility between existing and future proposed uses on the boundaries of the community with other jurisdictions. Natural/Cultural Resources: Objective 2. 1: Protect environmentally sens1t1ve areas through the imposition of mitigative measures consistent with the scope and degree of potential impact from proposed development and the level of significance of such areas. Objective 2.2: Preserve environmentally sensitive areas through public acquisition and through incentives associated with taxation and development that encourage private preservation and dedication . Objective 2.3 : Preserve historic structures and landmarks through public acqU1s1t1on and through incentives associated with taxation and development that encourage private preservation and dedication or that facilitate adaptive reuse of the property. PORTAGE COMPREHENS IVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FINAL) 3-7 �3. ' Objective 2.4 : Protect water resources through the implementation of water management practices covering discharges into streams and lakes, storm water infiltration, and hazardous material spill prevention programs with water quality standards that are consistent with the designation of water resources for water-contact recreation or public drinking water. Objective 2.5 : Protect undeveloped areas along streams and lakes from inappropriate construction activities and land uses that would degrade water quality. Objective 2.6: Pursue the acquisition of land for neighborhood and community parks based on national recreation standards, when such parcels become available. Objective 2.7 : Maintain a coordinated and innovative approach to enhance existing parks, open spaces and vistas, historic landmarks and structures, cultural facilities, and recreation opportunities. Objective 2.8: Ensure state and local coordination in the appropriate reuse of State properties (such as game preserves) that no longer meet state objectives. Economy/Marketplace: Objective 3.1: Recruit businesses that are environmentally sensitive and that expand the economic diversity of Portage and that build upon the economic strengths of Portage. Objective 3.2: Ensure the public infrastructure expenditures (roadway, water, sanitary sewer and drainage systems) facilitate the office, commercial and industrial development in designated areas and corridors. Objective 3.3: Encourage development and activities which ensure the continued strength of the Portage Commerce Square, the central business area of the City. Objective 3.4 : Encourage planned commercial development in designated areas of the community to provide for business expansion. Objective 3.5 : Focus on general commercial development in the Westnedge Avenue and Portage Road corridors . Objective 3.6 : Encourage appropriate development along major streets and limit strip commercial development throughout the community. Objective 3.7: Ensure new uses along thoroughfares are designed to be compatible the thoroughfare through appropriate set backs, landscaping and buffering, and access, and through the minimization or elimination of direct property access to arterials. Objective 3.8 Permit limited commercial uses in residential neighborhoods that meet neighborhood convenience retail and service needs. Objective 3.9: Encourage development within the West Centre Avenue Corridor such as corporate and regional office centers, high-tech facilities and research-driven activities. Objective 3. JO: Identify primary industrial areas and marginal industrial areas (which may include obsolete sites or isolated industries), and provide for appropriate future development or redevelopment. Objective 3.11: Create specialized business parks for heavy industry, corporate offices, high technology and small to medium enterprises. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (PINAL) 3-8 �4. Objective 3.12: Identify industrial opportunities associated with the Kalamazoo/Battle Creek International Airport. Objective 3.13: Facilitate the environmental cleanup of abandoned industrial and commercial properties to• encourage reuse. Objective 3.14: Encourage and promote industrial development actJV1t1es in the primary industrial corridors within the community such as Shaver Road and Sprinkle Road. Objective 3.15: Ensure the transition from one use to another along arterials is compatible with remaining surrounding uses through screening and buffering, by the appropriate design of access to the property, and through preserving opportunities for access easements across property lines to minimize thoroughfare access points and to facilitate future access between adjoining parcels. Objective 3. I 6: Complement area-wide economic development activities to stimulate commercial and industrial growth in Portage and the region. Objective 3.17: Ensure an effective business outreach program to preserve and encourage the expansion of existing businesses in Portage. Housing: Objective 4.1 : Encourage single-family, home ownership through a range of housing opportunities for all income groups . Objective 4.2: Encourage a mixture of housing types in larger mixed-use, planned unit and residential development projects. Objective 4 .3: Encourage the preservation and rehabilitation of the existing housing stock through appropriate public programs, incentives, and policies. Objective 4.4 : Promote the reduction of the isolation of income groups within communities and geographical areas; and promote an increase in the diversity and vitality of neighborhoods through the spatial dispersion of housing opportunities for all. Objective 4.5 : Objective 4.6: Objective 4.7: I 5. Evaluate and implement, as appropriate, the provision of assistance and incentives (whether public expenditure, tax or regulatory) to local nonprofit housing organizations, housing providers and other groups in order to facilitate an expansion of housing opportunities. Ensure the provision of sidewalks in residential development. Promote awareness of the housing needs in Portage of very low to moderate income households and households with special needs. Transportation: Objective 5.1 : Objective 5.2 : Ensure adequate right-of-way is preserved to accommodate both existing and future transportation needs. Ensure that roadways are adequate to accommodate site-generated traffic at the time of occupancy, that the developer participates in the cost of transportation improvements PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 3-9 �directly necessitated by the proposed development. and that the public participates in the cost of additional capacity to accommodate future development. 6. Objective 5.3: Ensure the continuity of the functional, physical and aesthetic character of various classifications of streets in Portage. Objective 5.4: Ensure adequate financial resources are set aside for transportation facility (roadways, bridges, bikeways, walkways) maintenance and preservation before funds are allocated for capacity expansion. Objective 5.5: Emphasize, after maintenance, the preservation of the existing physical and functional capacity of major streets through the implementation of transportation system management techniques (such as intersection signalization, intersection improvements. access control , etc .) and transportation demand management techniques (such as ridesharing, preferential parking for multiple-occupancy vehicles. removal of physical access barriers to alternative modes, etc.). Objective 5.6: Evaluate capital investments in the roadway system on the basis of travel service, preservation of existing transportation investment, compatibility with the environment and desirable future growth patterns, multi-modalism and community characteristics. Objective 5.7 : Encourage alternative modes of transportation (including pedestrian, bicycle, ridesharing, forms of mass transit and so forth) when ever possible and where appropriate, through actions to remove design barriers to alternative modes and to incorporate them in development designs . Objective 5.8: Examine the appropriate reuse of abandoned transportation corridors for transportation and recreation purposes and preserve abandoned rights-of-way when appropriate. Objective 5.9: Address area-wide transportation issues through the Kalamazoo Area Transportation Study (KA TS) organization. Utility Infrastructure: Objective 6.1: Ensure adequate right-of-way and easements are provided for existing and future utility needs . Objective 6.2 : Ensure that water, sanitary sewers and storm water drainage systems are adequate to accommodate the demands necessitated by the proposed development, that the developer participates directly in the cost of utility improvements directly necessitated by the development, and that the public participates in the cost of excess capacity to accommodate other future developments . Objective 6.3: Encourage the expansion of the sanitary sewer system to all existing and forecasted land uses in Portage permitting on-site sewage treatment systems only for low intensity uses in areas where environmental constraints and ground water recharge are not a concern. Objective 6.4 : Pursue a publicly provided potable water system throughout Portage. Objective 6.5 : Ensure adequate provision and maintenance of storm water facilities to avoid flooding, to improve water quality, to preserve groundwater supply, to provide visual enhancement to the community and to provide recreational opportunities where appropriate . Objective 6.6: Focus improved and/or expanded sanitary sewers and water mains in areas or corridors that are the focus of industrial and commercial development. I PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FINAL) 3-10 �Objective 6.7: Promote underground utilities (electric, telecommunications) within the community. Objective 6.8: Promote the development of a high-technology utility infrastructure to support business, personal and public utilization of the "information highway ." • 7. E. Community Facilities: Objective 7.1: Pursue the acqms1t1on of land for community facilities (when such parcels become available) and the expansion of community facilities based on national standards. Objective 7.2: Plan and consider facilities necessary for expanding and aging populations within the community. Objective 7.3: Plan and implement programs and projects to enhance the City Centre Area. GUIDELINES Draft guidelines were presented to the public and Planning Commission on September 28th, and comments received were incorporated into the guidelines on October 26, 1995. These guidelines are intended for use by the Planning Commission and City of Portage staff to review public and private development projects (i .e., land use decisions), infrastructure improvement programs (i .e., public expenditures on streets, sanitary sewers, waterlines, drainage, etc., that influence the location, intensity and timing of development), and public programs (e.g., housing) that affect the physical environment. The guidelines also provide direction and underpinning for regulations that affect land use (e .g., zoning, subdivision, parking, landscaping regulations), may suggest incentives to influence community development and preservation (e.g., historic preservation easements), and may suggest adjustments to other policies, which influence the use of land, for consistency with community development and preservation objectives. The guidelines are derived from the goals and objectives of the Comprehensive Plan Update, and were initially used to guide the preparation of the Future Land Use map and the Major Thoroughfare Plan map. I. Land Use and Development: a. R-1 Residential Guidelines Protect residential neighborhoods from nuisances and adverse impacts associated with new or expanded nonresidential uses and from land use changes to non-residential uses within the neighborhood. Guideline application: Intent: All non-residential land uses. To protect people's living environment. To ensure that new or expanded non-residential land uses are not detrimental to existing or future residential areas. To prevent the conversion of sound residential uses within the neighborhood to non-residential uses . To maintain or strengthen the stability of neighborhoods. To recognize the vulnerability of residential areas to certain adverse impacts such as traffic, noise and light from non-residential uses. This guideline does not mean that new or expanded non-residential land uses are automatically inappropriate on the perimeter of residential neighborhoods, nor does it mean that discriminatory practices towards any group of people are acceptable. Rather, it states a primary emphasis of the Plan Update -- preservation of the single-family, detached structure. residential character of Portage. (Objectives: I. I0. 1.11 and 1.12) PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 3-11 �R-2 Ensure adequate buffering, screening, or other techniques that rrut1gate nuisances when new residential development occurs next to existing higher density residential uses or existing non-residential uses. Guideline application: Intent: All residential. To protect'people's living environment. To ensure that new residential development is not adversely affected by adjacent land uses. The developer of the new residential development is responsible for compliance with this guideline. Nuisances to be mitigated include through site design and building orientation: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) Automobile lights, outdoor lighting, or illuminated signs; Loud noises; Vibrations; Dust or dirt; Smoke, vehicular exhaust, noxious fumes, and odors; Litter or junk; Outdoor storage, parking, or other unsightly areas; and Loss of privacy for potential residents. Techniques to mitigate nuisances include: a) Buffering and screening such as fences , walls, or other physical barriers. vegetation or physical separation; and b) Site design and building orientation, including appropriate placement of windows and balconies. Appropriate techniques and the extent to which they need to be applied will depend on the nature and magnitude of the nuisances being mitigated and the physical relationship between the residential development and adj acent land uses. (Objectives: I.JO. 1.11 and 1.13) R-3 Ensure new residential development is compatible with existing, abutting residential or non-residential development in size, height, mass, and scale. Guideline application: Intent: ' All residential. To prevent significantly higher intensity residential development from abutting significantly lower intensity residential development. To prevent low density residential development from abutting high intensity office, retail and industrial development unless significant separation, screening and buffering are introduced. To encourage screening, buffering and separation as a means to create a visual transition between adjacent residential uses of different intensities and between adjacent residential and non-residential uses of different intensities. To encourage gradual , rather than abrupt, changes in size, height, mass and scale of abutting residential development and between residential and non-residential development. To ensure compatibility between adjacent uses of differing intensity, size, and land use. Very intense residential development--usually having a high density--has characteristics preventing location in some areas . Significant changes in scale and size between adjacent developments may be undesirable or incompatible. Residential development of significantly different size, height or mass to adjacent areas may require special site design, careful building placement, or extensive buffering and screening. Likewise, low density residential development may be inappropriate next to higher intensity non-residential uses without special site design for appropriate visual transition, and higher PORTA GE COMPREH ENS IVE PLA N U PDATE: MA STER PLA N REPORT (Fl1':AL) 3- 12 �density residential development may be more appropriate where limitations exist to appropriate separation, screening and buffering. (Objectives: I .4, I. 10 , 1.11 and 1.14) R-4 Encourage the design of residential development to: a) b) Provide adequate lot sizes and shapes to accommodate houses; and Provide planned, usable open spaces of adequate size to serve the needs of residents and assurances that such open spaces, if commonly owned, will be properly maintained; and Use, where possible, the natural drainage patterns; and Save, to the extent possible, the natural vegetation; and Create, to the extent possible, street patterns that discourage speeding and through-traffic; and Provide, where appropriate, walkways, bikeways, curbs, trees, landscaping, benches, bus stops, and other site amenities; and Allow for buffering and screening to provide privacy for residents; and Prevent signs from being a viwal nuisance or a safety hazard to vehicular traffic . c) d) e) f) g) h) Guideline application: Intent: All residential. To encourage the design of residential developments that provide for functional requirements of buildings. Minimum lot size and shapes are specified in land use controls; however, these minimums may not result in adequate lot widths and depths to accommodate the type of housing reasonably anticipated to be marketed in a specific area of the community. To minimize disruption of the natural site. To provide for recreational and pedestrian needs and to minimize traffic hazards. (Objectives: 1.8. 4.6 and 5 .7) R-5 Encourage innovative residential design such that a development may target a variety of markets, preserve and protect environmentally sensitive areas, and integrate different types and densities of housing while providing for appropriate transitions internal to the development. Guideline application: Intent: All residential. To ensure a good transition between types (single-family detached, townhouses, quadraplex. apartments, etc .) and densities of residential uses internal to a development or abutting the development. To permit the clustering of dwelling units at higher densities so that greater separation. buffering and screening may be used to create a visual transition between residential areas of differing intensities or densities, to provide appropriate separation and buffers for environmentally sensitive areas and to preserve environmentally sensitive areas. (Objectives: I .4, 1.7, 1.8 and 1.9) R-6 Ensure appropriate residential lot and subdivision design when new residential uses abut arterial roadways for improved compatibility and for roadway capacity preservation through (in order of preference): a) b) c) d) Creating reverse lots which front on local streets rather on the arterial; or Providing shared driveway entrances with hammerhead turn-arounds; or Increasing the front yard set back, providing a continuous hedge or earthen berm (or combination thereof) to screen the residential use, and providing a hammer-head turn around in the driveway so that all vehicles face forward when entering the arterial; or Providing frontage or service roads parallel to the arterial to increase residential separation from arterial traffic. to provide opportunities for landscaping/buffering/screening, and to eliminate direct property access to arterial street. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 3- 13 �Guideline application: Intent: All residential. To permit residential uses to locate along arterial streets when appropriate design is used for compatibility and for arterial capacity preservation. To discourage strip residential development • streets as a means to avoid infrastructure improvements. along arterial (Objectives: 1.2, 1.8, 5.3, and 5.5) R-7 Evaluate residential development on the basis of the following gross density categories: Low: Medium: High: Up to four dwelling units/acre Greater than four and up to eight dwelling units/acre Greater than eight dwelling units/acre Guideline application: Intent: All residential. To define density ranges to be used in the evaluation of residential proposals. To ensure that residential proposals are evaluated on their possible impact on adjacent areas, on the environment, and on community services and facilities rather than using housing type--e.g., multi-family, singlefamily , or town-house--as the only criterion. (Objectives: I .4, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9) R-8 Consider limitations to residential development to the "low density" category when: a) b) The development does not have a collector or higher street type for major access; or The development does not have both a public centralized sanitary and public potable water supply. Guideline application: Intent: All residential. To limit residential development where severe environmental conditions exist or where the infrastructure is not adequate to accommodate higher density residential development. To prevent severe soil erosion and sedimentation problems, foundation failures, drainage problems, sewage disposal problems, flood damage, and associated water pollution problems. To ensure that development of this density has streets with adequate capacity to handle traffic volumes generated. To prevent traffic congestion that wastes energy and creates more air pollution. (Objectives: J .8, 1.9, 5.2, and 6.2) R-9 Consider limitations to residential development to the "medium density" category or "low density" category when: a) b) The development site has soils characterized as wet; or A collector street is the highest available major access point for the development. Guideline application: Intent: All residential. To limit residential densities when severe environmental conditions exist on the development site. To prevent severe soil erosion and sedimentation problems, foundation failures, drainage problems, and associated water pollution problems. To create desirable land use relationships by locating higher residential densities on higher street classes, thereby making residential and non-residential uses more compatible and promoting complementary land uses . To ensure that development of this density has PORTA GE C OMPREHENSIVE PLA N UPDATE : MASTER PLAN R EPORT ( FINAL) 3-14 �streets with adequate capacity to handle the traffic volumes generated . To prevent traffic congestion that wastes energy and creates more air pollution. The appropriate street class must exist at the time the development is proposed or at the time the development will be occupied. Higher densities should be on higher street classes to prevent disruption to significantly lower density or intensity areas from excessive through-traffic . If access is not directly to a collector street, it may be on a lower class street provided access to the collector is not through a lower density residential or lower land use intensity area and does not create traffic problems. Medium density residential development may locate on an arterial street. Medium density residential development should have both a public centralized sanitary sewer and public potable water supply. (Objectives: 1.8, 1.9, 5.2, and 6.2) R-10 Locate residential developments of the high density category only where: a) b) c) d) There is a major access point on or very near an arterial street; and There is adequate water pressure and quantity for domestic use and internal fire protection systems; and There is a public centralized sanitary sewer; and No floodplains or wet lands are affected by site development. Guideline application: Intent: All residential. To locate higher residential densities on higher street classes, thereby promoting complementary land uses. To ensure that development of this density is located on streets with adequate capacity to handle traffic volumes generated . To prevent traffic congestion that wastes energy and creates more air pollution. To ensure adequate water pressure to reach upper floors of a higher building. The appropriate street class for high density development must exist at the time the development is proposed or is anticipated to be occupied. High residential densities should be on or very near arterial streets to prevent the disruption of significantly lower density or intensity areas from excessive through-traffic . If access is not directly to an arterial street, it may be on a lower street class provided the access to the arterial street is not through a lower density residential or lower land use intensity area and does not create traffic problems. The impact of high density residential development on the water system and fire protection is of particular concern due to the potential height and/or multiple floors of the building and the concentration of people. (Objectives: 1.8, 1.9, 5.2, and 6.2) R-11 Prohibit residential development in the 100-year floodplain . Guideline application: Intent: All residential. To prevent residential development in areas unsuitable for housing and living environments. To protect people and property from flood hazards. (Objectives: 1.8 and 2.1) R- 12 Provide for mobile homes in groupings which ensure that unique locational. compatibility, and safety requirements are recognized . Guideline application: Mobile homes. PORTAGE C OMPREH ENSIVE PLAN U PDATE: M ASTER PLAN R EPORT ( FI NA L) 3- 15 �Intent: To provide alternative living environments to community residents. To recognize that mobile homes can help satisfy the need for affordable, sound housing. Safety and tcompatibility objectives should be met by: a) b) c) d) Locating mobile homes in mobile home parks; Requiring appropriate anchoring devices and skirts; Providing lots of adequate size for fire protection and public safety; and Providing adequate open space. (Objectives: 1.4, 4. 1, and 4.7) b. 0 -1 Office Guidelines: Locate, where possible, office development in planned commercial or office centers. Also, locate office development: a) Where a conversi on from an existing non-office building to an office use is compatible with adjacent uses; or b) When an existing office use proposes to expand and the expansion is compatible with nearby uses; or c) d) When a proposed use is of an intensity and size to be comparable to a planned center; or When a proposed use requires a unique or special location in or near a specific land use or activity center; or e) Where land ownership patterns, existing land use conditions, or other circumstances make office development appropriate outside planned centers. Guideline application: Intent: All office space (public or private). To promote the development of compact groupings of office uses and buildings that: a) b) c) d) Cluster compatible office or commercial uses in common buildings or groups of buildings; Share vehicular access points and circulation patterns; Share utility hookups, service entrances, and other building systems; and Provide common pedestrian circulation. To utilize land in an economical manner and limit the number of access points to major streets, reduce traffic congestion and promote pedestrian safety. To discourage individual or isolated office uses from developing along streets. To promote a compatible relationship between office and commercial uses. (Objectives: I.I. 1.4, 1.6, 1.12, 1.13, 3.9 and 3.15) 0-2 Design office development : a) To include, where appropriate, circulation patterns for pedestrians, bicycles and handicapped people; and b) To provide, where appropriate, trees, landscaping, benches, bus stops, bicycle storage facilities and other site amenities ; and c) To promote a good transition between adjacent buildings and land uses in terms of building size, height, scale and materials ; and To prevent signs from being a visual nuisance or a safety hazard to vehicular traffic . d) PORT AGE C OMPREHE NS IVE P LAN U PDATE : MASTER Pl.AN REPORT (Fi NAL) 3-16 �Guideline application: Intent: All office space (public or private). To encourage the provision of pedestrian circulation and site amenities. To ensure compatibility between adjacent uses and to provide buffering for adjacent areas where necessary. To ensure that signs are n?t a nuisance. (Objectives: I .4, 3.15, 5.5 and 5.7) 0-3 Provide buffering, screening, separation or other techniques that mitigate nuisances when the development produces or is associated with nuisances or visually unpleasant characteristics. a) b) c) d) e) f) Automobile lights, outdoor lighting of illuminated signs; Loud noises; Odors, smoke, automobile exhaust or other noxious smells; Dust and dirt; Litter, junk or outdoor storage or Visual nuisances . Guideline application: All office space (public or private). Intent: To ensure that office uses creating nuisance provide adequate buffering and are not detrimental to adjacent land uses. To protect existing development. Buffering and screening techniques can include fences, walls, and physical barriers, as well as vegetation. Locating nuisances away from adjacent uses can also be used to prevent adverse impacts. (Objectives: I .4, 1.8, 3. 15 and 4.3) 0-4 Encourage innovative office design to preserve and protect environmentally sensitive areas and to create a desirable transition in the type and intensity of use. Guideline application: Intent: All office space (public or private). To ensure a good transition between residential and non-residential uses in terms of size, height, mass, setback and scale. To ensure the office structure and use fits the urban design character of neighborhood in which it is located. To minimize adverse impacts on environmentally sensitive areas such as wetlands. (Objectives: 1.4, 1.8, 1.9, l.14and3 .15) 0-5 Allow the development of individual office uses on separate lots when: a) b) c) Curb cuts will not create traffic problems or congestion and actions are taken, where appropriate, to create joint driveways and permit (existing or potential future) access between abutting properties; or A proposed development will not adversely affect the traffic-carrying capacity of a street; or A proposed use will not extend linear development to the extent that such a pattern creates substantial nuisances, hazards or disruptions to the area. Guideline application: Intent: All office space (public or private). To prevent single and individual office uses from developing along streets, contributing to strip development. To allow small office buildings that provide common vehicular access and parking for tenants. To prevent traffic problems and congestion. (Objectives: 1.4. 3.15 and 5.5) PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (F!NAL) 3-17 �0-6 Locate, when possible, office centers near existing office concentrations, along the West Centre Avenue corridor, and other designated corridors and areas as set forth in the Future Land Use Plan. Guideline application: Intent: All office space (public or private). To group ,offices together in relation to other office facilities and to encourage their location in designated areas and corridors. (Objectives: 1.1, 1.2, I .4, and 3.9) 0-7 Allow office development in mixed land use areas and adjacent to residential areas if: a) b) c) c) Direct access to a major thoroughfare (as defined in the Thoroughfare Plan) is provided; and Traffic problems and congestion are not created that adversely affect adjacent or surrounding areas; and The size, intensity, and character of the proposed use is compatible with adjacent areas ; and Nuisances are not created that adversely affect adjacent areas. Guideline application: Intent: All office space (public or private). To ensure compatibility between office uses and adjacent land uses. To allow development of mixed land use areas . To allow low intensity offices adjacent to residential areas with appropriate safeguards. Many office uses are complementary and compatible with other land uses. Office developments generally have fewer nuisances than commercial or industrial development. However, large office developments may be associated with high traffic volumes and a potential for traffic congestion. (Objective: 1.4) c. C- 1 Commercial Guidelines: Locate commercial uses only in existing or proposed planned commercial centers. Also, locate commercial uses : a) b) c) d) e) Where a conversion from an existing non-commercial building to a commercial use is compatible with adjacent buildings and uses; or When an existing commercial use proposes to expand and the expansion is compatible to adjacent uses ; or When a proposed use is of an intensity and size to be comparable to a planned commercial center; or When a proposed use requires a unique or special location in or near an existing specific land use or activity center; or When land ownership patterns, existing land use conditions or other circumstances make single-lot commercial development the only possibility. Guideline application: Intent: All commercial. To promote the development of compact groupings of commercial uses designed as a single unit that: a) b) c) d) Share vehicular access points and circulation patterns; and Cluster commercial uses together; and Share utility hook-ups, service entrances, and other building systems; and Provide common pedestrian circulation. To utilize land in an economical manner and limit the number of access points to major streets, reduce traffic congestion , and promote pedestrian safety. To restrict individual or isolated commercial uses from developing PORTAGE C OMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FINAL) 3- 18 �along streets or in non-commercial areas . To allow commercial uses in older or redeveloping areas. To allow single-lot development when a commercial use is appropriate and planned center development is not possible. Planned commercial center development is preferable to single-lot development. However, all commercial development should be reviewed on the above criteria. Examples of planned commercial centers include: a) b) c) Regional shopping centers -- typical 400,000 square feet of gross leasable space, range in size from 300,000 to 1,000,000 or more square feet of gross leasable space, with an emphasis on durable goods (e.g., one or more full-line department stores of 100,000 square feet as anchor tenants), attracting regional traffic and serving populations in the range of 150,000 or more people (2.0 square feet of gross leaseable area per person) . Community shopping centers -- typical 100,000 square feet of gross leasable space, for nondurable goods and durable goods (e.g. , variety, discount or junior department store as anchor tenant), serving 40,000 to 150,000 people (2.5 square feet of gross leasable area per person) . Neighborhood shopping centers -- typical 30,000 square feet of gross leasable area, range in size from 15,000 to 50,000 square feet of gross leasable area, for residential supportive uses (e.g., supermarket or drugstore as anchor tenant), primarily nondurable goods and personal services, serving 2,500 to 8,000 people (6 square feet of gross leasable area per person) . Examples of commercial uses having unique location criteria or being comparable in function to a planned commercial center include : a) b) c) d) Large discount stores ; Combination or large grocery and drugstores ; Large automobile dealerships; or Motels and hotels . (Objectives: I.I, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.12, 1.13, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.15 and 3.16) C-2 Allow the development of individual commercial uses on separate lots--strip commercial--only when : a) b) c) d) Curb cuts will be limited and designed so as not to create traffic problems or congestion; or A proposed development will not adversely affect the capacity of a street; or Locating in a planned commercial center is not feasible ; or A proposed use will not extend the linear development of commercial uses to the extent that such a pattern creates substantial nuisances, hazards, or disruptions to the area. Guideline application: Intent: All commercial. To prevent undesirable strip commercial development. To restrict linear and isolated development of single commercial uses along streets. To restrict commercial developments that do not share common access points, parking lots or other facilities . To prevent vehicular traffic problems and congestion. To utilize land in a more economical manner and prevent visually unpleasant and confusing environments along streets. "Strip commercial " development is a series of individual businesses on separate lots usually along arterial streets. There is no planned relationship or sharing of facilities between adjacent uses. Noncomplementary businesses and businesses drawing from different trade areas may be adjacent . Because individual businesses attract attention through uncoordinated or unrelated signs, lights, and color, strip commercial development often creates nuisances and is visually confusing for vehicular traffic. (Objectives: 1.4. 1.8, 3.4, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 5.5 and 5.7) PORTA GE C OMPREHENSIV E PLA N UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FINAL) 3- 19 �C-3 Allow commercial uses in: a) b) c) d) New residential developments where the commercial use mainly serves residents of the development (planned unit development) and is similar in character and intensity to the residences; or Older or redeveloping residential areas where the commercial use does not create nuisances and is compatible with the surroundings; or Planned industrial subdivision where the commercial use mainly serves people working in the industries; or Recreational and public areas where the commercial use is an ancillary use such as a concession business. Guideline application: Intent: All commercial. To allow some commercial uses in mixed land use areas. To encourage commercial revitalization in redeveloping areas. A neighborhood shopping center located in a planned residential development would be an appropriate commercial use. Restaurants and business services would be appropriate commercial uses in planned industrial subdivisions. (Objectives: 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.8, 1.12, 1.13, 3.6, 3.8 and 3. 15) C-4 Develop commercial uses serving small areas or neighborhoods or providing convenience goods: a) b) c) Preferably adjacent or near existing convenience shopping facilities ; and With safe pedestrian access; and With an intensity and size that would not adversely affect existing residential areas or businesses; and d) With a good transition between adjacent uses that reflects existing architectural and residential character. Guideline application: Intent: All commercial. To allow the development of small businesses serving a neighborhood function . To provide convenience shopping close to residential areas that is accessible by pedestrians. To ensure commercial uses locating in neighborhoods are compatible with existing land uses. To promote a good visual transition between buildings and uses. Examples of commercial uses serving areas or neighborhoods or providing convenience goods, including: a) b) c) d) Neighborhood shopping centers; Corner grocery, drugstores, and "convenience stores;" Small restaurants; or Barbers, laundromats, and dry cleaners. (Objectives: 1.1.1.3, 1.4, 1.5 , 1.8, 1.12, 1.13, l.14 , and3 .8) C-5 Develop commercial uses attracting large numbers of people or generating large volumes of traffic : a) b) c) Only on a major arterial street near the intersection of another arterial ; and Only in non-residential areas; and Only at locations where nuisances and unique characteristics of the proposed use will not adversely affect adjacent areas. PORTA GE C OMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 3-20 �Guideline application: Intent: All commercial. To prevent large commercial uses from locating in predominantly residential areas . To ensure that special considerations are given so that nuisances do not affect adjacent land uses. Certain commercial uses are of such size and intensity that their potential for creating adverse impacts on surrounding areas is great. The appropriate street class must exist at the time a development is proposed or at the time the development is anticipated to be occupied. Those commercial uses not providing direct retail services to immediate surrounding residential areas and generally generating in excess of 400 trips during the peak hour would be considered large attractors of people and large generators of traffic. (Objectives: 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, 3.3, 3.4, and 3.5) C-6 Locate "intensive" and "general" commercial uses in the Westnedge Avenue and Portage Road corridors and in designated areas as set forth in the Future Land Use Map . ~neral application: All commercial. Intent: To concentrate major commercial development in designated corridors and areas. To strengthen Portage Commerce Square as the central business area of the city. (Objectives: 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, and 3.6) C-7 Encourage the design of all commercial development: a) b) c) d) e) To include, where appropriate, circulation patterns for pedestrians, bicycles, and handicapped people: and To provide, where appropriate, trees, landscaping, benches, and other site amenities; and To promote a good transition between adjacent buildings and land uses in terms of size, height, materials and landscaping; and To prevent signs from being a visual nuisance or a safety hazard to vehicular traffic; and To preserve the traffic carrying capacity of streets through the minimization of entrances, use of joint entrances, frontage/service roads or easements for access between adjoining properties, as appropriate. Guideline application: Intent: All commercial. To encourage the provision of pedestrian circulation and site amenities. To ensure compatibility of buildings between adjacent land uses. To ensure that signs are not a nuisance or safety hazard . (Objectives: 1.4, 1.8, 3.7, 5 .5 and 5.7) C-8 Provide buffering, screening, separation or other techniques to mitigate nuisances when a commercial land use will produce or is associated with such nuisances as: a) b) c) d) e) f) Automobile lights, outdoor lighting, or illuminated signs; or Loud noise; or Odors, smoke, automobile exhaust. or other noxious smells: or Dust and dirt; or Litter, junk, or outdoor storage; or Visual nuisances. PORTAGE C OMPREHENSI VE PLA N UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FINAL) 3-21 �Guideline application: Intent: All commercial. To ensure that commercial uses creating nuisances provide adequate buffering and are not detrimental to adjacent land uses . To protect existing development. Buffering 'and screening techniques can include fences , walls, increased setbacks and physical barriers as well as vegetation . Locating nuisances away from adjacent uses can also be used to prevent adverse impacts. Screening of glare from commercial uses may not always be necessary . Automobile lights from a commercial use shining into a residential area are an example of when screening would be required . Loud noise is often associated with commercial uses attracting a large number of automobiles , businesses open late at night, and outdoor recreational facilities . Entertainment facilities may al so be associated with loud noise . Separation or isolation of commercial uses associated with noise is the most effective method to prevent nuisances . Some commercial uses are open for business after dark and/or late at night. These businesses have a potential for being disruptive to nearby residential areas . (Objectives: 1.4, 1.8, 3.7) C-9 Encourage innovative commercial design to preserve and protect environmentally sensitive areas and to create a desirable transition in the type and intensity of use. Guideline application: All commercial. Intent: T o ensure a good transition between residential and non-residential uses in terms of size, height, mass. set back and scale. To ensure the commercial structure fits the suburban design character of the neighborhood or planned unit development in which it is located. To minimize adverse impacts on environmentally sensitive areas. (Objectives: 1.4, 1.8, 1.9, and 1.14) d. 1-1 Industrial Guidelines: Locate. to the extent possible, in the Shaver Road and Sprinkle Road corridor and other designated areas of the Future Land Use Map, industries and industrial developments adjacent to an existing industry to form industrial clusters. The following industries may be considered for a location away from industrial developments and industrial areas, provided that they do not cause safety risks or nuisances to surrounding land uses : a) b) c) d) Extractive industries (gravel and sand pits); or Industries locating in areas of highly mixed land uses ; or Industries locating in existing structures and adapting them for productive re-use; or "Small-scale industries" which are compatible with adjacent residential and other land uses. Guideline application: Intent: All industrial. To promote clustering of industries and minimize conflicts with non-industrial land uses. To ensure more economical construction and a more effective use of roads and utilities. To promote effective screening, buffering and site planning. To allow. in certain cases. industrial location on sites independent from other industries if such sites are suitable for industry and compatible with surrounding land uses . PORTAGE C m 1PREHENSIVE PL AN U PDATE : M ASTER Pl.AN REPORT ( FIN AL ) 3-22 �"Small-scale" industries are in structures of a similar size to surrounding land uses and have nuisances comparable to surrounding uses. Possible industries may include the medical laboratories. printing shops, scientific equipment manufacturers, arts and crafts related industries. (Objectives: I.I, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 3.10, 3.11, 3.14 , 3.15 and 3. 16) t I-2 Design all industrial development to: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) Be compatible with adjacent development in terms of size, height, mass, and scale; and Provide, where appropriate, adequate lot sizes for buffering and screening adjacent development; and Provide sufficient space for on-site parking and service areas; and Use, where possible, the natural drainage patterns; and Save, to the extent possible, the natural vegetation; and Provide where appropriate, trees, landscaping, benches, bus stops, bicycle storage facilities, and other site amenities; and Prevent signs from being a visual nuisance or a safety hazard to vehicular traffic. Be located so as to discourage the presence of heavy trucks in commercial or residential districts . Guideline application: Intent: All industrial. To ensure site design that provides adequate space for a safe, efficient site layout that is compatible with surrounding land uses. (Objectives: 1.4, 1.8, 3.1 , 3.15, 5.5 and 5.7) I-3 Take all measures necessary to prevent industrial uses from causing nuisances to surrounding developments . Guideline application: Intent: All industrial. To minimize negative impacts on development surrounding industrial land uses. The magnitude and type of measures used to mitigate the impact of industries on surrounding land uses should vary according to the severity of the impact and the sensitivity of surrounding land uses to those impacts. Each industry has a varying potential to generate nuisances such as noise, odor, vibration, traffic, glare, or air pollution. Various land uses are affected by these nuisances differently; residential uses are more susceptible to impacts of this type than commercial uses. Some of the techniques that could be used singly or in combination to mitigate off-site and on-site nuisances are: r a) b) c) d) e) f) Use of arterial street rights-of-way with landscaped medians as buffers between industry and other land uses; Orientation of industrial uses away from arterial streets toward their own interior circulation systems in conjunction with landscaping, screening, and fencing along thoroughfare frontage; Location of nuisance generating processes at the interior of the industrial subdivision or industrial area, and location of less offensive uses at the periphery; Use of park land and open space between industrial and residential uses; Use of natural barriers such as woodlands, topographic changes, etc.; Buffering by planting. walls, earth berms, creation of deep lots, etc., when industrial uses abut residential areas ; PORT AG E COMPREHENSIVE PLA N UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 3-23 �g) Provision of a less intensive transitional development--e .g. , supporting office uses or research industries--between industrial and residential areas. Evaluations of a proposed industrial development will be based on its operational characteristics and the extent of nuisance mitigation as well as on the type of industrial use . • (Objectives: 1.3, 1.4, 1.8, 1.14, 3.1 and 3.15) 1-4 Locate industries which handle hazardous or flammable materials or are potentially offensive such as junkyards, landfills, and quarries away from residential areas and population concentrations. Guideline application: Intent: All industrial. To reduce the danger to human life and property associated with hazardous materials. To prevent the effects of offensive industrial land uses on residential areas. Hazardous materials include, but are not limited to, flammable liquids, gases, corrosives, poisons. explosives, toxins, and other materials used in such hazardous industrial operations as oil refineries and chemical plants. Population concentration areas include airports, schools, shopping centers, train and bus stations. offices, and other employment centers. (Objectives: 1.4 and 1.8) 1-5 Prohibit industrial development within residential areas. Locate industries adjacent to residential areas or in mixed land use areas only if the industries can be made compatible with surrounding development. Expand existing industries which are adjacent to non-industrial development in a manner that meets the needs of the industry and protects surrounding development from nuisances. Guideline application: Intent: All industrial. To protect neighboring land uses from nuisances which may be caused by industrial development. To preserve and maintain the character of existing residential areas. To allow the productive use of vacant land and structures in mixed use areas. To allow industry to expand at existing locations, rather than having to relocate. Potential nuisances from industrial development adjacent to non-industrial areas include noise, odor, glare, traffic , vibration, air pollution. and water pollution. Measures to mitigate industrial nuisances are necessary to make industry compatible with other land uses. It is recognized that technology has advanced to the extent that certain types of industries could relate well to neighboring residential development. Having such industries next to residential areas would improve the home/work relationship. However, there are such obnoxious industrial uses as landfills and junk yards that should not be located next to residential areas. Industrial relocation may entail significant expense while weakening the community's economic base and removing jobs from the neighborhood. Relocation may not be necessary, however, if adequate measures are taken to prevent adverse off-site impacts when an industry expands. Such measures may include screening, buffering, and site design techniques . (Objectives: 1.4, 1.8, 1.12. 1.13, and 1.14) I-6 Favor industrial sites near airports for those industries with transportation and production needs requiring such a location or for those industries which support airport-oriented industries. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIV E PL AN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FINAL) 3-24 �Guideline Application: Intent: All industry near the Kalamazoo/Battle Creek International Airport. To promote efficient use of limited industrial sites located near the airport. t (Objectives: 1.2, 1.4, and3 .12) I-7 Provide assurances that air emissions and the disposal of industrial waste water and solid wastes will meet environmental standards and that the storage, handling, and disposal of hazardous materials will be done in a safe and environmentally sound manner. Guideline application: Intent: All industrial. To ensure that new or expanded industrial development will not cause the pollution of groundwater, streams, land. and air. To minimize the danger associated with hazardous wastes. (Objectives: 1.8. 2.1 and 3. I ) 1-8 Take appropriate action to reserve land that would be most suitable for industrial subdivisions. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses . To establish a supply of industrial subdivision sites to meet the needs of future industrial growth. To prevent development of prime industrial subdivision sites for non-industrial uses . Governmental actions to preserve suitable sites for industrial development may include ensuring adequate zoned land for use, up-to-date development regulations, and appropriate infrastructure facilities . Innovative activities may include joint ventures in developing an inventory of prime industrial sites, placing such sites in a holding zone until a proposal for their development is submitted. These activities may also involve acquiring and land-banking such sites with public funds , when appropriate. Sites most suitable for industrial subdivisions generally consist of 100 acres or more, are not surrounded by residential areas, have access--which does not pass through residential areas--to an arterial street near an expressway interchange, are not located in the I 00-year floodplain and have slopes between O and 6 percent. (Objectives: 3.2. 3.10, 3.11 , 3.14 and 3. 16) 1-9 Provide incentives to expand industrial employment, g1vmg special attention to industries which are environmentally sensitive, expand the economic diversity of Portage and provide employment opportunities for community and area residents, including unemployed, under employed, or lower-income people. Guideline application: Intent: All industrial. To retain existing industries and to attract new industries which can meet environmental requirements and which expand the diversity of the economic base. To make jobs more accessible to economically disadvantaged people. Methods for increasing industrial employment include: a) b) c) Providing reasonable flexibility through zoning and subdivision regulations; Acquiring vacant or condemned land suitable for industrial use with public funds ; Providing financial aid in reusing and rehabilitating vacant structures suitable for industrial use; PORTAGE COMPREHE NSI VE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FlNAL) 3-25 �d) e) t) Providing local tax rebates where possible; Participating in job training programs to increase job skills; and Providing public service and facility improvements--e.g., transportation. utilities and (Objectives: 3.1 and 3. 16) 2. Natural/Cultural Resources: NC- I Locate development, whenever possible, in areas free of severe environmental limitations. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses . To locate development in areas which have no environmental constraints. To protect the quality of the environment. To minimize measures required to mitigate environmental hazards. To reduce the potential for environmental degradation. Severe environmental limitations to develop include floodplains, wetlands. natural areas. natural groundwater recharge areas, and may include areas with steep slopes, unstable soils, very severely eroded soils, soils with very severe erosion potential, and areas inhabited by endangered species. (Objectives: 1.8, 2.1, and 2.4) NC-2 Restrict development in the I 00-year floodplain by: a) Prohibiting the location or expansion of structures and storage areas in the floodplain, except for rare instances when it is conclusively demonstrated that no increase in floodwater elevation and velocity will result and that no public hazards will be created, and b) Allowing the modification or restoration of existing structures located in the floodplain only if the structural alterations do not increase the level or velocity of the 100-year flood and if flood proofing measures are taken. Guideline application: In the 100-year floodplain. Intent: To protect persons and property from the hazards of flooding. To strongly discourage the placement of structures in the floodplain and to prevent development which would increase flooding. To allow the continued use of existing structures located in the floodplain. Examples of land uses suitable for the floodplain include private and public recreational usesgolf courses, parks, wildlife preserves, hiking trails and horseback riding trails; agricultural uses managed to prevent excessive soil loss-sod farming, pasture, orchards, horticulture and truck farming; and accessory uses to residential, commercial, and industrial development-landscaped open space. (Objectives: 1.8, 2. 1, 2.4. and 2.5) NC-3 Avoid alterations and significant modifications to natural stream channels unless it is conclusively demonstrated that: a) b) c) Flooding is significantly reduced, and Any increase in erosion or flood velocity will not adversely affect other areas . Only minor impacts will occur to any wetlands or endangered species. Guideline application: All land uses . PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( Fl!'IAL) 3-26 �Intent: To prevent increased flooding and erosion from causing property damage and environmental problems. To protect natural drainage channels from bank erosion and sedimentation. To prolong the useful life of man-made drainage improvements. To protect water quality in streams from pollution cilused by stormwater runoff. To help achieve water quality standards. To minimize adverse impacts on wetlands. Adequate means to convey stormwater drainage, both on-site and off-site, are necessary for all development. Where existing on-site or off-site facilities are inadequate, the developer must provide all drainage improvements required by the proposed development. A possible exception to this requirement would be instances in which development is phased with off-site drainage improvements scheduled for public implementation. In some instances, correcting past drainage deficiencies may be the only way to properly develop an area. In those cases, developers may be required to improve on-site or off-site drainage conditions to remedy existing drainage problems if the proposed development would add to on-site or off-site drainage problems. (Objecti ves 1.8, 2.1, 2.4. and 2.5 ) NC-4 Utilize best management practices for erosion and sedimentation control during and after site preparation and con struction activities. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses . To maintain hydraulic capacity of natural and man-made drainage systems. To prevent water quality problems, such as turbidity and oxygen depletion associated with sedimentation of surface water. To preserve topsoil and soil fertility . To minimize off-site impacts, such as erosion or soil deposition on neighboring properties. To preserve natural stream channels and lakes .. The best management practices necessary for a given project depend upon site characteristics, the magnitude of site preparation activities, and conditions in the bodies of water draining the project site. Extensive measures to control sedimentation are required for projects on very severely eroded soils and on soils with very severe erosion potential, particularly along streams or lakes used for public recreation (and/or that violate water quality standards) and adjacent to storm water infiltration basins and natural groundwater recharge basins. (Objectives 1.8, 2.1, 2.4, and 2.5) NC-5 Buffer lakes and streams as well as storm water infiltration basins and natural groundwater recharge areas from the water pollution effects of site preparation, construction activities, on-lot sewage disposal and urban stormwater runoff. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses . To prevent the degradation of water quality due to non-point sources of water pollution. To protect Portages public water wells . "Non-point sources" of water pollution from activities are those which cannot be traced to a specific, identifiable discharge location. The most common urban "non-point source" of water pollution is stormwater runoff from roofs and parking areas . The transfer of hazardous materials at businesses and industries is of particular concern due to the potential high-level of pollution, and hazardous material spill prevention plans are commonly required . Thus, special retention basins or traps may be appropriate in loading areas were hazardous materials are frequently handled to capture any accidental spills, and special stormwater detention facilities with filters may be appropriate for parking and other loading areas . These sources of pollution can cause sedimentation, oxygen depletion and biological contamination of surface waters. Various PORT AGE C OMPREH EN SI VE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLA N REPORT ( FI NAL) 3-27 �techniques used to buffer streams from non-point sources include: grass filter strips, earth berms. barriers, hay bales. and setbacks from streams. These buffers also provide protection from land disturbing activities such as clearing, grading, and filling . Maintenance of grass filter strips and unpaved , naturally vegetated areas along water bodies can also mitigate the long-term impacts of drainage from paved surfaces. Establishment of minimum distances between on-lot disposal facilities and surface waters can diminish negative impacts on water quality . (Objectives: 1.8. 2.1, 2.4, and 2.5) NC-6 Locate industry including industrial materials storage areas and industrial waste disposal facilities so as to minimize hazards to groundwater and implement appropriate hazardous material spill prevention programs. Guideline application: Intent: All industrial. To protect groundwater quality, particularly the storm water infiltration basins and natural groundwater recharge areas. To protect existing and potential uses of groundwater as the public water supply. To prevent pollution of surface waters (lakes and streams) by contaminated groundwater. Drainage from landfills. chemical storage areas, and industrial waste disposal areas can have major irreversible impacts on groundwater quality . It is important that these land uses be located away from groundwater recharge and high water table areas. Liquid wastes must be stored under specific, engineered conditions to prevent leaching of waste materials. Likewise, the transfer of hazardous materials requires an appropriate spill prevention plan and the construction of appropriate detention facilities to prevent accidental spills from entering the surface or groundwaters. (Objectives: 1.8, 2. 1, 2.4, and 2.5) NC-7 Discourage noise-sensitive land uses in areas where accepted noise standards may be exceeded, unless adequate abatement measures are provided. Guideline application: Intent: If site has major noise problems. To prevent health hazards and nuisances caused by locating noise-sensitive development in areas which already have excessive noise levels such as the Kalamazoo/Battle Creek International Airport and major freeway arteries. The most common noise-sensitive land uses are residences, hospitals, nursing homes, schools. and churches. Noise-abatement measures include vegetative buffers, structural barriers, distance and soundproofing of structures. (Objectives: 1.8 and 2.1) NC-8 Preserve buildings, sites and districts that are recognized as having historic . cultural or architectural value . Guideline application: Intent: If proposal will affect an historic place/structure. To preserve the community's heritage. Historically significant buildings, sites or districts are those listed on the National Register of Historic Places. the Michigan State Historic Preservation Office list, listed in the National Landmarks' records. or places which are locally significant and are designated under a city ordinance. P ORTAGE COMPREHENSI VE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PlAI\ REPORT ( FINAL) 3-28 �(Objectives: 2.3 and 2.7) NC-9 Protect, to the extent possible, wildlife and endangered species areas. wetlands, publicly owned parks, unique natural areas, and other areas with significant landscape features . • Guideline application: Intent: All land uses. To maintain the open space, vegetation and wildlife resources in Portage for future generations. To preserve significant natural areas from negative impacts due to intense development. In some cases, when publicly owned open space is the site for the location or expansion of a necessary community facility, utility, highway, land use, etc., replacement in kind of the open space resource would be acceptable under this guideline. Privately owned open space, unique natural areas and such significant landscape features as hillsides, stream corridors and scenic areas, which are of proven significance to the public as a whole may be preserved through public acquisition, conservation easements and scenic easements. In some cases, a buffer area may be needed to maintain the quality of these resources. (Objectives: 1.8, 2. 1, 2.2, 2.6, 2.7. and 2.8) 3. Economy/Marketplace: M-1 Ensure a business outreach program with the area-wide economic development agency, Chamber of Commerce and other related organizations to help solve local business problems at an early stage. Guideline application: Intent: Review area-wide economic development efforts. To ensure that the business community becomes a partner with the City, with shared goals and objectives. (Objective 3.17) M-2 Ensure that public infrastructure expenditures are adequate for future growth . Guideline application: Intent : Review and development of the City Capital Improvement Program (CIP). To guarantee that new growth can be accommodated and does not result in an undue financial burden on the community. (Objectives: I. I and 3.2) M-3 Facilitate the preservation of land for and the development of specialized business parks. Guideline Application: Intent: Review of present development controls. To ensure adequate zoned land, up-to-date development regulations and infrastructure expenditure priorities consistent with the creation of specialized business parks for heavy industry, corporate offices and high technology, and small to medium sized enterprises. (Objectives : 3.2 and 3.11) M-4 Develop site planning standards that will allow development of Portage Commerce Square in the most efficient way . PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAS UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 3-29 �General Application Commerce Square. Intent: All property within and abutting the established boundaries of Portage To guarantee that the limited amount of land within the boundaries of the Square is used in an efficient way so as to not cause sprawl. Examples of efficient land use patterns for the Commerce Square incfude grouping high-density residential and retail so that residents can walk to the stores and including better access to transit service so that parking requirements may be reduced. (Objective 3.3) M-5 Allow mixing of use, such as limited commercial near residential or commercial near office, when: a) b) c) traffic problems and congestion are not created that adversely affect adjacent or surrounding areas; the size, intensity, and character of the proposed use is compatible with adjacent areas; nuisances are not created that adversely affect adjacent areas . Guideline Application: Intent: All land uses To guarantee that land is used more efficiently. Users of one land use, such as residential. may be able to take advantage of another land use if it is located nearby. If the neighboring land use is within walking distance and can be easily reached, traffic in the area may be reduced. (Objectives : 3.4 and 3.8) M-6 Allow the expansion of Portage Commerce Square when: a) b) c) there are no longer sites of appropriate size for development; neighboring vacant sites not within the Square would be appropriate for the type of development compatible with existing development; all sites within the Square with obsolete uses have been redeveloped . Guideline Application: Intent: Office and commercial uses within and abutting Portage Commerce Square. To guarantee that there is sufficient land as new development that would be appropriate for Portage Commerce Square occurs . If the previous criteria apply, adjacent land to the Square can be used for expansion. (Objective 3.3) M-7 Allow the expansion of the industrial areas along Shaver Road and Sprinkle Road when : a) b) c) there are no longer sites of appropriate size for development; neighboring vacant sites not within the industrial areas would be appropriate for the type of development compatible with existing development; all sites within the industrial areas with obsolete uses have been redeveloped. Guideline Application: Industrial uses within and abutting Shaver Road and Sprinkle Road industrial corridors. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL ) 3-30 �Intent: To guarantee that there is sufficient land as new development that would be appropriate for the Shaver and Sprinkle industrial corridors occurs. If the previous criteria apply, adjacent land to the industrial areas can be used for expansion. (Objective 3.14 ) M-8 Coordinate the review of major developments and major infrastructure investments that have major regional impacts or significant impacts on abutting jurisdictions. Guideline Application: Intent: During review of Land Use Map To ensure the compatibility between existing and proposed uses on the boundaries of Portage. To establish a mechanism for referral between abutting planning jurisdictions when major development projects with significant impacts (such as traffic) on other jurisdictions are being reviewed for approval. To coordinate area-wide transportation issues with the Kalamazoo Area Transportation Study and other area-wide infrastructure issues through appropriate regional forums. (Objectives : 1.15 and 5.9 ) M-9 Facilitate the revitalization and redevelopment of existing commercial and industrial uses which have become abandoned . Guideline Application: Intent : Review of present development controls and economic development programs. To ensure adequate zoned land , up-to-date development regulations and infrastructure expenditure priorities consistent with the revitalization of older commercial and industrial areas. To address impediments (such as environmental cleanup, access , etc.) to reuse and revitalization. (Objectives: 1.3 , 3.2, 3.10, 3. 13 and 3. 15) 4. Housing: H-1 Create housing development, redevelopment, rehabilitation, and reinvestment opportunities m older and declining neighborhoods . Guideline application: Intent: Development of City's housing programs. To promote neighborhoods and to preserve housing. Examples of techniques that can be used to create and preserve neighborhoods and to encourage development and redevelopment include: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) Innovative building design to fit oddly shaped or narrow lots ; Adaptive reuse of existing buildings and underutilized land ; Appropriate public services; Incentives through zoning and other land use regulations ; Financial assistance through public and private institutions; Land assembly and improvement for new construction; and Historical and architectural designation . Existing neighborhoods and housing are a valuable and irreplaceable resource. Rehabilitation of sound housing is preferable to demolition . PORTAGE C OMPREHENS IVE PLAN UPDATE · MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FI NAL) 3-31 �(Objectives: 1.3, 1.7, 1.11 , 2.3, 4.1, 4.4 and 4.5) H-2 Encourage, to the extent possible, mixtures of housing types and land uses within planned developments to: aJ b) Utilize cost;efficient site layout and design techniques; and Create new, self-contained neighborhoods and areas. Guideline application: Intent: All residential. To facilitate the supply of housing available to all income groups . To create convenient living environments where shopping and other services are included in the development. To reduce energy consumption. To take advantage of innovative design techniques such as housing clusters, types and designs, and common open space as part of an overall design for unique living environments. (Objectives 1.4, 4. 1 and 4.2) H-3 Ensure that land use controls provide for a mixture of housing types . Guideline application : Review of the City's already developed land use controls. Intent: H-4 To facilitate the supply of housing available to all income groups. (Objectives 1.4. 4. 1, 4.2 and 4.4) Ensure that land use controls allow innovative housing design techniques, and housing types. Guideline application: Review of the City's already developed land use controls. Intent: To facilitate the supply of housing available to all income groups . (Objectives 1.4, 1.7, 1.9. 4. 1. 4.2. 4.3, 4.4 and 4.5) 5. Transportation: T-1 Ensure that all development and land use changes are served by adequate street facilities which have the capacity to accommodate the traffic generated by these uses . Guideline application: All land uses. Intent: To ensure that streets have adequate capacity so that new development does not cause or compound traffic congestion. To require street improvements, where necessary, in order to maintain a reasonable level of traffic service, taking into account the traffic generated by the proposed development and normal traffic growth . To prevent types and densities of land use that cannot be reasonably served by the existing street system unless provisions are made to improve the system to a level of adequacy. The developer may have the option of providing necessary street improvements to overcome an inadequacy, or delaying development until necessary road improvements are in place, or staging the development to coincide with necessary street improvements (public or private). Necessary street improvements may vary from only on-site road system construction to the addition of acceleration or deceleration lanes, or left-turn lanes or of traffic signals on streets bordering the site to street or other improvements. (Objective 5.2) PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLA'i UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FlNAL) 3-32 �T-2 Provide for the movement of pedestrians through the provision of: a) b) c) d) e) walkways from residential areas to recreation areas, schools and shopping facilities in the neighborhood and walkways for access to transit stops and walkways where heavy pedestrian movements may be anticipated between land uses and pedestrian overpasses/underpasses when street closings are impractical and vehicular and pedestrian volumes warrant such separation and walkways through expressway interchange areas where appropriate. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses . To encourage pedestrian travel as an alternative to the private automobile between closely related land uses in the neighborhood. To improve pedestrian access to public transit routes from places of residence and employment in order to encourage the use of public transit as an alternative to the car. To encourage the provision of walkways between retail facilities and major concentrations of pedestrian activity. To reduce major conflicts between vehicular and pedestrian movements for improved safety. In most instances, walkways will be required for all development. (Objectives: 5.2 and 5.7) T-3 Encourage the movement of bicycles from residential areas to neighborhood recreation areas, schools. shopping facilities and major employment centers. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses. To encourage the bicycle as an alternative to the private automobile between closely related land uses. To promote the development of bicycle facilities to major urban recreation areas and major employment centers. The type of bicycle facility - whether shared roadway or walkway, whether separated by barrier on a roadway or walkway or whether an independent facility -- will depend on the volume of bicycles and the magnitude of vehicle or pedestrian conflict as indicated by vehicle speeds and volumes. On most residential streets, the street serves as the bikeway and no separated bikeway facilities are warranted. On arterial streets with high volumes and speeds, bikeways separated from the vehicle travel ways or on exclusive rights-of-way may be warranted. The Thoroughfare Plan bicycle component serves as a guide to the location of bikeway facilities. Bicycle storage facilities at major bicycle destinations -- parks, shopping centers and schools -- are essential to encourage bicycle use. (Objectives: 5.2 and 5.7) T-4 Provide adequate rights-of-way to accommodate required and anticipated roadway, walkway and bikeway improvements, utilities and landscaping through dedication . Guideline application: Intent: All land uses. To ensure adequate rights-of-way for facilities that are required or used by the proposed development and that pass through or abut the development to maintain system continuity. In most instances. the developer will be required to dedicate rights-of-way for all street. bikeway and walkway facilities within or abuning the development as set forth in the subdivision and other land use regulations and the adopted Thoroughfare Plan. Dedication of street rights-of-way should ensure PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 3-33 �that transit service can be accommodated where appropriate. In the case of an expressway or major arterial where immediate access is not permissible to the development, the developer may be requested to reserve rather than dedicate the rights-of-way . (Objectives: 5. 1 and f, . l ) T-5 Ensure the proposed roadway cross section is consistent with the functional, physical and aesthetic character of the area in which the street is located. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses. To ensure the proposed cross sections are consistent with the Thoroughfare Plan relative to functional class, compatible with the abutting land uses, and reflect the design objectives of the corridor designation as "conservation", "preservation", or "correction" set forth in the Thoroughfare Plan. (Objectives 5.1. 5.3, 5.5, 5 .7) T-6 Provide adequate access to, from arid through all development for the proper functioning of the streets, walkways, bikeways and transit systems and for emergency vehicles by linking the interior roadway, walkway, bikeway and transit systems with systems already built or planned in the surrounding area. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses. To ensure that all parcels proposed for development have access to a legally established facilities for deliveries, service, maintenance, emergency vehicles and parking. To ensure that access points are adequate in number and design to prevent both on and off-site traffic congestion. To prevent discontinuity in travel movements that would increase the length of trips, local trips on the thoroughfare system, public facility costs, travel costs, energy costs and air pollution. To ensure proper connection of the development to the community thoroughfare system. To ensure continuity of the thoroughfare and local street systems while preventing unnecessary through traffic on the local street system. The number of required access points will depend on the amount of traffic generated by the proposed development and on its impact on the surrounding street system. More access points may be required to distribute the traffic load to prevent traffic congestion; however, this must be balanced against the creation of too many access points that would disrupt through traffic . The proper design , location and spacing of access points depends on the type, volume and speed of existing and anticipated traffic. Adequate sight-distance and travel-lanes are of particular concern for all access points. While ensuring system continuity, consideration must also be given to the manner of connection in order to discourage unnecessary through traffic, especially in residential areas. A connection to the existing road pattern should be made in a manner that does not adversely affect existing land use. Future connections to the transportation system to surrounding vacant land should be assured by providing for the extension of streets, walkways and bikeways. The Thoroughfare Plan shows the existing and planned street system for collectors, arterials and expressways. Provision must be made for the continuity of these street facilities through all development. Walkways and bikeways in surrounding areas must be continued through the development if such facilities are essential to the proper functioning of the walkway or bikeway system. (Objectives: 5.2. 5.5. 5.7) P ORTAGE C OMPREHE NS IVE PL A!'-1 U PDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FI NAL) 3-34 �T-7 Design the internal circulation of all development for safe and efficient travel movement by all types of transportation. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses. To ensure ' that roads are constructed with adequate pavement width, grade, and curvature to accommodate existing and anticipated vehicle, pedestrian and bicycle movements and the mix of vehicle types. To ensure that public expenditures are not necessary in the immediate future to correct deficiencies that could be reasonably anticipated at the time of initial development. To ensure that the internal circulation system of a development is designed to separate motor vehicle and pedestrian conflicts as needed and to provide continuous roadway, walkway and bikeway systems. Continuity of roadway, walkway and bikeway (where applicable) systems within the development is critical; continuous roadway facilities through the development are necessary to tie all local access roads or parking areas, where applicable, to the thoroughfare system. To the extent possible trips of different types should be separated by the circulation system -- local versus through trips, goods delivery versus employee or patron parking, etc. The circulation system should be designed to prevent traffic congestion or safety problems by ensuring adequate intersection spacing for vehicle storage; by ensuring adequate, unobstructed sight distances at all intersections and by avoiding long dead end streets. Vehicle, pedestrian and bicycle movements should be separated when appropriate ; and pull-over public transit stops should be provided, where possible and practical, to avoid blocking traffic . The road design should provide sight distance consistent with probable traffic speed , terrain, alignments and climatic extremes and should relate horizontal and vertical street alignments to the natural contours of the site to the extent practical. (Objectives: 5.2, 5.3, 5.7) T-8 A void street access to development through areas of significantly lower intensity or density development if such access would create significant nuisances. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses. To prevent unnecessary through traffic with accompanying noise, congestion and safety hazards in areas of lower intensity or density development. To separate local and through traffic where possible. The use of a local residential road for access to a development of significantly higher residential density or non-residential intensity may be inappropriate even if the street were functionally upgraded to accommodate the traffic of the proposed use. There are also instances in which truck traffic to industrial development may be inappropriate even if the street were functionally upgraded to accommodate the traffic of the proposed use. There are also instances in which truck traffic to industrial development may be inappropriate on roads through commercial uses. (Objectives: T-9 1.4, 1.8, 1.10, 1.11 ) Preserve the through traffic capacity of the thoroughfare system by: a) b) c) d) establishing property access with a sufficient distance from expressway interchange ramps ; and placing intersections a sufficient distance from interchange ramps; and spacing intersections along a thoroughfare for efficient traffic signal operation; and using, to the extent possible, local streets or frontage roads for direct access to property along arterials. Guideline application: All land uses. PORTA GE C OMPREHE NSIVE PLAN UPDATE: M ASTER PLAN R EPORT ( FI NA L) 3-3.5 �Intent : To preserve the traffic carrying capability of the interchange streets and the interchange. To strictly control access to property or to other roads from the interchange road in the vicinity of the expressway. To prohibit entrances to the interchange road that would interfere with vehicle storage, merging or diverging at ramp intersections. To ensure adequate weaving and storage distance between tht! first street intersection and the expressway ramp. To improve safety by controlling the frequency and manner of access to thoroughfares. As a general rule, access to the interchange would not be permitted within 400 feet of the nearest expressway ramp. Only right-in and right-out vehicle movements would be permitted within 400 feet to I 000 feet of the expressway ramp. The first full intersection with the interchange road should be I 000 feet from the expressway ramp. These distances will vary on a case-by-case basis recognizing the characteristics of the interchange (e.g. , type and signalization) and the special access problems or hardships that might be created within already developed areas. If property access via local roads or frontage roads is not practical, right-in and right-out movements into driveways may be permitted but should be as far away from full intersections as possible. If a frontage road entrance exists at less than the desirable spacing, access should be restricted to right-in and right-out traffic movements. A desirable spacing of four-way intersections along major arterials is about I 000 feet. Where property access on major arterials by way of local roads or frontage roads is impractical, appropriate design measures should be taken to control the frequency and manner of access such as driveway entrances, turnaround driveways, rear access to the property or right-in/right-out driveway entrances. (Objectives: T- 10 5.2 and 5 .5) Provide off-street parking and loading of sufficient quantity and adequate design for the type and intensity of development, for the mode of access to the development and for its users. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses. To ensure that off-street parking and loading facilities are adequate in quantity and design for efficient and safe traffic movement on public streets to and from the site and within the site. To vary parking and loading requirements with the type and intensity of land use, the type of access to the site and the characteristics of the users. The amount of off-street parking should be adequate to accommodate peak hour volumes by the automobile. If it can be demonstrated that a portion of the residents, clients or employees use other types of transportation than the automobile, off-street parking requirements may be reduced -- e.g., elderly housing, walk-in restaurants. The appropriate degree of separation between a land use and parking varies with the location in the community and type of land use. Off-street parking should be within a few hundred feet and not separated by heavy traffic volumes from the primary use. For convenience goods, the parking should be integral to the site. The size of the off-street loading facility should be adequate to accommodate normal peak hour demands for loading of passengers and goods . For single-family residences, a driveway is adequate for off-street loading and parking. However, for higher density residential and non-residential uses which involve considerable passenger loading or goods delivery, off-street loading facilities may be required . (Objectives: 5.2 and 5.5) PORT AG E COMPREHENS IV E PL AN U PDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FI NAL) 3-36 �T-11 Ensure that transportation facilities are compatible with surrounding land uses. Guideline application: All transportation facilities (air transportation and all modes of ground transportation) and services. Intent: To ensure the proper design of transportation facilities . To ensure that adequate measures will be taken to reduce noise, glare, vibration, air pollution, odor, visual intrusion and through-traffic. To avoid the creation of incompatible land uses near new transportation facilities . The magnitude and type of measures required to mitigate transportation nuisances will vary depending on the type of nuisances and the sensitivity of the surrounding land uses. Possible measures include: a) screening and buffering from surrounding land uses through plantings, berms. fences and walls; b) providing greater distance separation through the purchase of right-of-way for the mitigation of nuisances; c) placing the facility below grade; or d) designing the foundations of transportation structures and equipment to reduce noise and vibration . When a new transportation facility passes through existing development, it often fosters a change in land use due to a higher level of transportation accessibility. Considerable conflict may arise between new and existing land use if any transition in land use is not guided and if strategies are not developed to preserve or to redevelop existing land use, as appropriate. (Objectives: T-12 1.2. 1.4 and 1.8) Evaluate proposed transportation improvements for the minimization of capital cost, user cost and community (including economic, social and environmental components) cost; and evaluate proposed transportation improvement programs for the maximization of benefits. Guideline application: Intent: Review of transportation facilities and services in the City's Capital Improvement Program and in the metropolitan area's Transportation Improvement Program .. To ensure that the transportation planning process and individual project planning consider all types of transportation. all direct and indirect costs and all non-quantifiable impacts. To ensure the most efficient use of limited transportation funds. Evaluation considerations include, but are not limited to, the following: a) energy conservation; b) effective use of abandoned, under-utilized or surplus public rights-of-way for all types of transportation; c) reduction of air pollution and noise; d) contribution to achievement of the adopted comprehensive plan and orderly development of the community; e) construction to logical termini capable of handling the traffic generated if a facility is constructed in stages; f) determination that the benefits of developing a street or parking facility offset any detrimental effects on public transit; g) selection of the most appropriate type(s) of transportation to service a corridor's particular travel demands; h) achievement of balanced improvement of transportation facilities in different functional classes to ensure the type of traffic handled by a particular functional class is appropriate; and PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 3-37 �i) avoidance of facilities which pass through parks, historic areas, wildlife habitats or other areas of state, regional or local significance unless no other feasible alternative exists, and then only if appropriate action is taken to minimize adverse impacts. The most cost-effective transportation improvement programs emphasize a more efficient use of existing fadlities and low-cost capital improvements. Limited transportation funds are best allocated according to the following order of priorities: a) b) c) d) e) f) low-cost improvements at key intersections including, but not limited to: • improved signal timing including the use of a flashing phase during off-peak hours, • improved signage and pavement markings, • improved channelization, • turn prohibitions, or • on-street parking restrictions: public transit, vanpooling, carpooling or any other method that encourages the use of high-occupancy vehicles: maintenance of existing facilities or reconstruction of existing intersections; widening of existing roadway facilities ; extension of existing roadway facilities : and construction of new roadway facilities when it can be proven that there are no other means of handling the increased travel demands. (Objectives: T-13 5.4, 5.5, 5.6 and 5.9) Encourage the preservation and reuse of abandoned transportation corridors for transportation and recreation purposes. Guideline application: Abandoned transportation corridors. Intent: To encourage the preservation and reuse abandoned transportation corridors. In past years, railroad corridors have been the most likely abandoned corridors. Before these rights-of-way are sold and permitted to revert to abutting private property owners, an examination should be made of the roadway, walkway, bikeway and recreation options that such a corridor may offer; and appropriate public actions should be taken to preserve the corridor if a public use is found . (Objective 5.8) 6. Utility Infrastructure: U-1 Locate development, whenever possible, in areas fully served by existing utilities rather than in areas requiring utility extensions. Guideline application: Intent: To promote the full utilization of past investments in existing water, sewer, and power lines. To lower utility costs by reducing the need for extensions. (Objectives: U-2 All land uses. I. I. 1.2 and 6.2) Provide that all development has an adequate supply of potable water and water for fire fighting purposes. Guideline application: All land uses . PORTAGE C OMPREH ENS IVE PLA N UPDATE · MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FI NAL) 3-38 �Intent: To protect the public health by providing a reliable source of potable water for human consumption. To protect the public welfare by providing a water supply of sufficient quantity and pressure for fire protection. Provision of necessary water service may be phased with the construction of new development. The purpose of the guideline is that adequate facilities be available consistent with applicable fire safety requirements. (Objectives: U-3 6.2 and 6.4) Provide that all development has adequate means of sewage treatment and disposal to protect public health and protect water quality in lakes, streams, and water table. All future developments must be connected to the public sewer system. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses . To prevent health hazards due to contamination of ground and surface waters . To achieve and maintain water quality standards. Adequate treatment and disposal of sewage wastes should be achieved through connection to the public sewer system. If public sanitary sewers are available, development must connect to the public sanitary sewer system. On-site sewage treatment systems may be approved for low intensity uses in areas where public sanitary sewers are not anticipated within the next ten years and in areas where environmentally sensitive lands do not exist. (Objectives: U-4 1.8, 2.1, 2.4, 6.2 and 6.3) Provide adequate storm water drainage facilities to prevent flooding and to protect water quality in lakes, streams, and water table. Guideline application: Intent: To prevent flooding and to avoid contamination of ground and surface waters. To achieve and maintain water quality standards. The filtering of storm water runoff from parking lots may be necessary when the run off enters bodies of water used for recreation purposes. Hazardous material spill prevention plans and retention facilities may be necessary for businesses where hazardous materials are loaded, unloaded, used or generated. Special facility designs may be necessary near storm water infiltration basins and natural groundwater recharge areas. (Objectives: U-5 All land uses. 1.8, 2.1, 2.4 , 6.2 and 6.5) Take all feasible measures to prevent utility installations from creating nuisances to the surrounding area. Locate large utility installations with access to a major arterial street. Guideline application: Intent: All utility installations excluding transmissions lines . To ensure that utility installations are compatible with surrounding land uses . To include proper design measures in utility installations to reduce visual intrusion, odor, air pollution, noise, vibration , through traffic, siltation, erosion and disruption of drainage facilities . To facilitate the flow of automobile and truck traffic generated by large-scale utility facilities . To protect residential neighborhoods from increased volumes of through traffic , siltation, erosion , and flooding. PORTAG E COMPREH ENS IVE P LAN UPD ATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FI NAL) 3-39 �Possible measures include: a) b) c) Screening and buffering of surrounding land uses through plantings, berms, fences , and walls; Pyrchasing of additional land to bring about greater distance separation, and Designing structures to reduce noise and vibration . For purposes of this guideline, "utility installations" are : a) b) c) d) e) power generation plants and electric substations, natural gas processing and storage facilities and pumping substations (above six feet in height), sewage pumping stations (above six feet in height), water treatment plants, water storage tanks and pumping stations (above six feet in height), telecommunications main switching facilities and substations, but exclude overhead and underground transmission lines . For purposes of this guideline, "large utility facilities " are power plants, major publicly owned sewage treatment works, and water treatment facilities for public water supply systems. Utility offices. maintenance and repair facilities , and materials storage areas should be addressed by applicable land use guidelines. (Objectives: U-6 1.4, 1.8, 1.10. l.11 , l.12and 1.13) Require all new development to locate electric and telecommunications utilities underground . Guideline Application: Intent: To improve the compatibility of traditional overhead utilities with surrounding land uses by placing them underground . This should be practical in new developments regardless of use and planned industrial , office and commercial areas . Exceptions may be appropriate for infill development on small lots. (Objectives: U-7 All land uses. 1.4, 6.7 and 6.8) Emphasize the improvement and expansion of sanitary sewers and water mains in areas or corridors that are the focu s of industrial and commercial development. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses and City Capital Improvement Program. To encourage the location of industrial and commercial uses in designated corridors and areas designed by the Future Land Use Map through placement of priority on improvement and expansion projects in such areas. (Objectives: I. I , 1.2. 3.2, 6.2 and 6.6) 7. Community Facilities: CF- I Locate or expand community facilities : a) b) c) d) In areas with a demonstrated need for the facility; and To avoid duplication of services; and With convenient access to the area that the facility is intended to serve; and Where access into and within the facility is provided for elderl y and handicapped persons. P ORT AGE COMPREH ENS IVE P LAN UPD ATE : M ASTER PLAN R EPORT ( FI NAL ) 3-40 �Guideline application: Intent: All community facilities. To ensure that community facilities and services are provided in a manner that satisfies area-specific and community-wide needs. To ensure that facility sites are located and designed to be physically accessible to their intended users . • (Objectives: CF-2 7.1, 7.2and7 .3) Locate and design community facilities so that potential adverse impacts on surrounding land uses can be mitigated and the facility can be buffered from any adverse impacts of surrounding land uses. Guideline application: Intent: To ensure that community facility sites are located and designed to be compatible with, and not disrupted by, surrounding land uses. (Objectives: CF-3 1.4, 1.8 and I. 10) Locate, where possible. community facilities on a shared site with other compatible facilities . Guideline application: Intent: All community facilities . To locate compatible community facilities that generally serve the same area or population in multiple-use activity centers. An example would be the joint use of a site for schools and parks. (Objectives: CF-4 All community facilities . 7.1 and 7.3) Locate community facilities that have a large daily or periodic attendance of users : a) b) On or very near an arterial street; and With convenient parking. Guideline application: Intent: All large community facilities . To ensure accessibility to large community facilities . Community facilities that have a large attendance of users include regional and community parks, middle and high schools, vocational and business schools, colleges and universities, hospitals and health clinics, government administration offices, major cultural facilities, and major human services facilities . Elementary schools and neighborhood parks/playgrounds are excluded from this guideline because they are typically part of a residential neighborhood , and may be integrated into a residential neighborhood. (Objectives: CF-5 1.4 and 1.8) Community facilities which will be located within residential areas, should be designed so that the structure exterior is compatible with the character of the immediate residential neighborhood . Guideline application: Intent: All community facilities. To allow small-scale community facilities (such as elementary schools, neighborhood parks/playgrounds) within residential areas without detracting from the residential character of the PORTAGE C OMPREH ENS IVE PLA N UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FINAL) 3-41 �immediate neighborhood. To ensure that facilities locating within residential areas are compatible in scale and character with surrounding residences. (Objectives: CF-6 1.10, I.I I, 1.12 and 1.13) Retain community facilities that can continue to serve their intended functions. Guideline application: Intent: All community facilities . To utilize existing community facilities when available. To prevent community facilities from being converted to other uses, unless the facility is obsolete and site limitations do not permit expansion of the facility or construction of a new facility at the present location. To preserve the community's investment in facilities . When a community facility cannot be retained m an area where a demonstrated need exists, a replacement facility should be provided. (Objectives: CF-7 1.3 and 7.1) Locate. when possible, community facilities within existing buildings that are capable of being converted for a facility use. Guideline application: Intent: All community facilities. To encourage the reuse of existing buildings as community facilities. To provide alternatives to new construction of community facilities . The use of closed school buildings as community facilities and school grounds as parks is a prime example of adaptive reuse for facility development. (Objectives: CF-8 1.3 and 7. 1) Provide that all developments have adequate fire protection. Guideline application: Intent: All land uses . To ensure public safety by protecting people and property from fire hazards. Factors that are to be considered in the evaluation of a development's protection from fire are: proximity to properly equipped fire stations, access to a water supply, access from public roadways. design and construction materials . (Objective 7. I) PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (ANAL ) 3-42 �, ~~ ' ~ CHAPTER 4: LAND USE • A. INTRODUCTION The Land Use Element of the Municipal Comprehensive Plan Update is the focus of the master plan. It reflects the translation of the goals, objectives and guidelines of the Plan into recommendations for the future use of the land resources of the community and interrelates other elements of the Plan. These other elements of the Plan address the transportation and utility infrastructure essential to support future land use recommendations, the improvement of community facilities that contribute to the quality of life in the community, the housing and economic development initiatives to expand housing and employment opportunities in the community and the preservation of natural and manmade resources that also contribute to the quality of life and the character of the community. This chapter addresses how projected future land use needs have been addressed and identifies development opportunities in major corridors, nodes and specific geographic areas of the community. This chapter is complemented by Chapter 12: Future Land Use Pattern (or Map) that designates recommended future land uses for the community. B. GENERAL As shown in Table 4-1, the Future Land Use Pattern maintains the balance of major land uses and the balance between single-family and multi-family residential uses through the year 2015 . Between 1974 and 1995, roughly 3,534 acres were converted to urban uses. Over the past 7 years (1988 to 1995), nearly 2,000 acres have been converted to urban uses. At this pace of nearly 285 acres per year converted to urban uses, another 5,700 acres would be converted to urban uses by the year 2015. This pace of conversion would absorb all vacant acreage (4,421 acres). all partially developed Pharmacia-Upjohn property (660 acres), all intensive agricultural land ( I 70 acres), and all private recreation lands (356 acres). Accordingly, the future land use pattern should be examined annually for amendments, and a major update of the future land use pattern is encouraged every five years. As the year 20 I 5 is approached, the amount of vacant land available for urban development will be severely limited; thus. the balance of vacant land designated for the major land uses must be reexamined before the vacant land inventory reaches a point where adjustments can no longer be made. 1. Vacant Land a. Definition In Table 4- I, the 4,421 acres of vacant land includes the existing land use categories: I. Agriculture: Land area occupied by active agricultural uses (i.e. cropland). 2. Industrial Agriculture: Land area occupied by industrial agricultural activities such as cricket production, intensive animal production operations, and so forth. 3. Vacant : All unplatted land which is presently undeveloped. Also included as vacant land are schoolowned property unrelated to an existing facility and undeveloped city-owned property. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 4-1 �~ Table 4-1 COMPARISON OF FUTURE LAND USE DESIGNATIONS TO PROJECTED DEMAND ~ Cl r,, (") 0 3:: -0 ~ :c ~ V, 1995 ...,~ r :> z C -0 c:, :> ~ ~ ~ "'..., ~ ~ ;3 ~ -:;i z E, Major Land Use Low Density and Single-Family Detached Medium Density Medium and High Density Residential Office Retail Industrial - Upjohn (a, b) Industrial - Other Public (d) State Conservation Quasi-Public Transportation Right-of-Way Intensive Agriculture Subtotal Developed Water Vacant Total acres 6,398 above 646 249 667 1,278 484 895 1,546 772 2,704 170 15,809 1,732 4,421 21,962 Existing Land Use 1995-2015 Zoning Future percent of Demand Available Available developed acres (c) acres acres 40.5% 1,241 2,429 1,602 above above 0 575 4.1% 317 216 486 1.6% 243 190 365 4.2% 207 167 263 8.1% 303 670 705 3.1% 220 740 919 5.7% 280 0 105 9.8% 4.9% 17.1% 1.1% 100.0% 2,811 4,591 5,006 Notes: (a) The Upjohn Company accounts for 180 office and 438 industrial developed acres plus another 660 acres that are partially developed . (b) The Upjohn Company has 120 vacant residentially zoned acres, 550 vacant industrially zoned acres, and 660 industrially zoned acres that are not fully developed . (c) About 415 acres of existing land uses are redesignated for different uses . (d) The increa~e in public land is associated with the recent purchase of the 40-acre Mandigo Marsh and redesignation of 65 acres of public property for ...tJ for public purposes as part of the Portage Creek Bicentennial Park. W :\ 1699\masterpt\table.4- I Future Land Use Designation percent of acres developed 8,325 41.2% above above 1,132 5.6% 614 3.0% 4.6% 930 1,983 9.8% 1,224 6.1% 1,000 4.9% 1,546 7.7% 772 3.8% 2,704 13.4% 0 0.0% 20,230 100.0% 1,732 0 21,962 �b. Zoning Breakdown In reviewing the vacant land acreage, it is apparent that residentially zoned land (2,595 acres including 74 acres of residential planned unit development and 120 acres owned by Pharmacia-Upjohn) accounts for about 59 percent of the vacant land citywide (4,421 acres in 1995 reflecting a reduction of 660 partially developed acres owned by the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company), excluding about 1,546 acres of State conservation land , 356 acres of private recreation land , and 170 acres of intensive agricultural land. The Pharmacia-Upjohn Company owns about 120 vacant acres south of Zylman A venue and along the east side of Lovers Lane south of Romence Parkway that are residentially zoned . The large parcels of vacant residential land exist in the City of Portage primarily in the southernmost areas and on the western boundaries. (In referring to Table 4-1, the "existing zoning available acres" of 2,645 acres for residential excludes 120 acres owned by Pharmacia-Upjohn, and includes 170 acres of "intensive agriculture" use.) Excluding 1,210 industrial zoned vacant acres (roughly 550 acres unoccupied and 660 residual acres not fully developed) owned by The Pharmacia-Upjohn Company, industrially zoned vacant land is the second highest category of vacancy with approximately 919 acres or 21 percent of the total vacant land. Vacant industrially zoned land is primarily clustered in the Sprinkle Road corridor (247 acres), Shaver Road corridor (431 acres) and Lovers Lane corridor ( 168 acres), with the balance of 74 acres in scattered locations. Maintaining an adequate supply of developable industrial land is important to the economic health of the community, as industry uses large tracts of land, generates significant numbers of jobs, consumes local products, and creates a positive, secondary economic impact to serve the use and its workers. Vacant commercial land (for office and retail uses) represents about 10 percent (about 431 acres, 160 acres being office and I 04 acres being residential planned unit development) of all vacant land. With the assignment of the I 04 acres of residential planned unit development to major land use categories (30 acres to office and 74 acres to residential ), the vacant commercially zoned acreage drops to I 67 acres and the vacant office zoned acreage increases to 190 acres . With the development of several major commercial projects and numerous smaller projects over the past five years. the supply of vacant commercial land has dwindled, while the amount of developed commercial land has grown. Pressure to rezone additional commercial properties and redevelopment of older commercial properties is anticipated to result from the lack of larger, vacant commercial tracts . The remaining 380 acres of vacant land is associated primarily with private recreation areas (356 acres), followed by cemeteries (8 acres), nonprofit activities ( 12 acres) and other uses, all of which are zoned residential. 2. Intensive Agriculture Because the Future Land Use Pattern designates urban uses for all land except bodies of water, the 170 acres of intensive agricultural use is also assumed available for future urban development increasing the available land for development from 4,421 acres to 4,591 acres. Intensive agriculture equates to the existing land use category of "specialized agriculture" which includes land area occupied by greenhouse operations, cricket farms, and related activities. C. RESIDENTIAL I. Definition The goals, objectives and guidelines of the Comprehensive Plan establish residential density as a more effective means of evaluating compatibility with surrounding land uses than the type of housing (detached versus attached dwelling units). As shown on the Future Land Use Map, the Comprehensive Plan establishes four residential designations (with three density ranges) : I. Low Density Residential (LDR) -- up to 4 dwelling units per gross acre. This density range is typical for traditional single-family detached dwelling unit subdivisions. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL ) 4.3 �Under the Zoning Ordinance for the City of Portage, the LDR designation corresponds to the R- 1B, R- 1C and R-1 D one-family zoning districts ; however. there are no zoning districts that limit two-family and multi-family to not more than 4 dwelling units per gross acre. Thus, other residential zoning districts would be consistent with the LDR designation only if the average gross density of the site where restricted to not more than four dwelling units per gross acre throu~h some legal mechanism . Consistent with the Michigan Resource Inventory Act, I 979, PA 204, the LDR designation includes the following existing land use categories): • Single Family: Includes land area occupied by a single-family dwelling units (up to 4 dwelling units per gross acre). • Two-Family : Includes land area occupied by two-family dwelling units . Two-family dwelling units are defined as a structure with two families occupying the same structure (i .e., duplex or a two-family apartment house.), provided the density does not exceed 4 dwelling units per acre . (This land use category is rare in the City of Portage because there is no corresponding zoning district.) • Multi-family. low-density : Includes land area occupied by structure(s) containing three or more dwelling units with a density up to four dwelling units per acre. (This land use category is rare in the City of Portage because there is not corresponding zoning district.) 2. Single-Family Detached Medium Density Residential (SFD) -- detached structures up to 8 dwelling units per gross acres. Under the Zoning Ordinance for the City of Portage, the SFD designation corresponds to the R-1 A one-family zoning district. Consistent with the Michigan Resource Inventory Act, I 979 , PA 204 , the SFD designation includes Single Family detached dwellings with greater than 4 dwelling units per gross acre. 3. Medium Density Residential (MDR) -- greater than 4 and up to 8 dwelling units per gross acre . This density range covers the transition from detached to attached dwelling units. Under the Zoning Ordinance for the City of Portage , the MDR designation corresponds to the R- IT (Attached Residential ), MHC (Mobile Home Community), RM-2 (Multi-Family) and PD (Planned Development) zoning districts . (The PD District is a mixed use zoning district allowing 20 percent of the land area for non-residential uses and permitting medium density residential uses of no more than 7 units per acre, with no individual phase of the project exceeding I 2 units per acre.) The MDR designation includes the following existing land use categories (consistent with the Michigan Resource Inventory Act, 1979, PA 204): 4. • Two-Family: Includes land area occupied by two-family dwelling units . Two-family dwelling units are defined as a structure with two families occupying the same structure (i.e., duplex or a two-family apartment house). • Multi-family, medium-density: Includes land area occupied by a multi-famil y structure(s) with a density greater than four but less than or equal to eight dwelling units per acre. • Mobile Home Cornmunitv : Includes land area specially designed for mobile home use. High Density Residential (HDR) -- greater than 8 and up to 15 dwelling units per gross acre. Thi s densit y range is typical of attached dwelling units . Under the Zoning Ordinance for the City of Portage. the HDR designation corresponds to the RM - I (Multi-Family) zoning district. PORTAGE C OMPREH ENS IVE PL AN U PD ATE. MASTER PLA N REPORT ( FI NAL) 4-4 �The HDR designation includes the following existing land use categories (consistent with the Michigan Resource Inventory Act, 1979, PA 204 ): • Multi-family. medium-high density : Includes land area occupied by a multi -family structure(s) with a density greater than 8 but less than or equal to 15 dwelling units per t acre . The Comprehensive Plan establishes that average gross residential densities in excess of 15 dwelling units per acre are inappropriate for the City of Portage. (Thus, the Comprehensive Plan does not contain the PA 204 designation of Multi-family. high-density which includes land area occupied by a multi-family structure(s) with a density greater than 15 dwelling units per acre .) However, the Comprehensive Plan also encourages a mixture of housing types in larger mixed-use, planned unit and residential development projects to provide for a range of housing opportunities for all income groups, for a transition in densities within the development and to surrounding areas, and for innovative design fostering cost-efficient housing and protection of amenities and environment assets. Accordingly , the Comprehensive Plan permits the use of average densities in planned unit development, innovative residential design , cluster housing and similar concepts. 2. Existing Residential Existing Single famil y. two-family. multiple family (low, medium, medium-high , and high-densities), and mobile home residential uses represent the largest land area within the City. In 1995 , these uses occupied 32.1 percent (7,044 acres) of City land area (compared to the I 988 figure of 27 .5% ); and accounted for 44 .6 percent of the developed area. Single-family development increased by 14 percent in acreage from I 988 to 1995 , while multiplefamil y development increased by 32 percent in acreage over the same time period. 3. Existing Vacant Residential As of May of 1995, there were an estimated 2,765 acres of vacant residentially zoned land including: • • • • 156 acres of RM- I 60 acres of RM-2 74 acres of PD for residential 2,475 acres in other residential zoning categories (R-1 A, R-1 B, R- 1C, R- ID, R-IT and MHC) . This inventory excludes 1,732 acres in the Gourdneck State Game Preserve area and 356 acres of private recreation land that area zoned R-1 C, but includes 120 acres of Pharmacia-Upjohn land zoned R- IB along the south side of Zlyman A venue and the east side of Lovers Lane to the south of Romence Road Parkway . It should be noted that the inventory of vacant R-1 A, R- 1T and MHC acreage is very small, followed by the R-1 D. R- 1B and R-1 C in order of increasing inventory size. 4. Projected Residential Demand Based on a 1995 estimate of 17 ,031 dwelling units with 70 percent being owner-occupied (generally single-family), the gross single-family density is I .86 units per acre and the gross multi-famil y density is 7.9 units per acre. Between the years 1995 and 2015, an additional 4.8 IO units are needed to accommodate the projected population with only 48 percent of the new housing being owner-occupied . Thus. 1,241 acres would be absorbed for singlefamily dwellings over the next 20 years. and 317 acres would be needed to support multi-family development, based on the continuation of current densities. A compari son of projected demand for single-famil y and multi-famil y acreage to the vacant zoned residential land would indicate a sufficient supply (2.725 acres ) to meet demand ( 1,558 acres ). However, a closer review of the vacant residential land indicates that there are few large tracts of land under single ownership without environmental constraints. that there are few vacant tracts where smaller single-famil y lots are permitted, and that there are PORTA GE C OMPREHE NSIVE PLAN U PD ATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FI NAL ) 4-5 �insufficient vacant tracts appropriately zoned for multi-family development (216 acres available compared to a demand for 317 acres). 5. Future Residential Designation The Future Land Use Pattern' provides 2,663 available acres for residential development including: • • • 1,602 acres in the Low Density Residential Designation 575 acres in the Single Family Detached Medium Density Residential Designation 486 acres in the Medium and High Density Residential Designations. This available acreage excludes 120 residentially zoned acres owned by the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company, the State Game Preserve and private recreational areas, but includes about 140 of the I 70 acres of "intensive agriculture" use (i.e., greenhouse operations). 6. Residential Development Opportunities This section describes the residential development opportunities provided by the Future Land Use Pattern, a. Smaller Lots To provide opportunities for detached housing on smaller lots than the present zoning of vacant land, several areas are identified for smaller single-family lot development in the R-1 A residential district or a new cluster housing district (575 acres): I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Between 12th Street and US 131 south of Romence Road (50 acres). Between Schuring Road and Romence Road west of Westnedge Avenue (80 acres) . East of Sprinkle Road from Zylman Avenue to Centre Avenue (120 acres) . Between 12th Street and US 131 south of Centre Avenue to the south corporate boundary (150 acres). Along the west side of Sprinkle Road straddling Branch Avenue (150 acres). On the northeast corner of Constitution Boulevard and Romence Road (25 acres). b. Multi-Family Areas To improve the choice of housing types (detached versus attached), to provide a more dispersed pattern of multifamily sites and to provide housing opportunities for moderate income households over the present zoning of vacant land. additional medium and high density residential areas have been identified to expand site choice and to ensure adequate multi-family zoned land without development constraints to meet the continuation of present demands (317 acres to the year 2015) . There are presently about 156 acres of vacant multi-family zoned sites (excluding about 14 acres on the south side of Milham A venue east of Sprinkle Road in Portage Commerce Park, 30 acres on Portage Creek proposed for future industrial use west of Shaver Road to the north of Melody Avenue, and 16 acres redesignated for other uses) : I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 20 acres 30 acres 30 acres 50 acres 26 acres south of Centre A venue along Shirely Court. south of Centre A venue along the west side of Portage Creek. north of Centre Avenue along the west side of Portage Creek. on the north side of Osterhout A venue east of the Conrail tracks . in scattered sites of less than IO acres throughout the community. Additional areas recommended for medium density (up to 8 dwelling units per acre) and high density (up to 15 dwelling units per acre) residential dwelling development would add 330 acres: I. 60 acres off 12th Street north of 1-94 (medium density). PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 4-6 �2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 40 acres on I 2th Street south of Milham Avenue (high density ). 40 acres on the north side of Milham Avenue between the Conrail tracks and Portage Creek (high density) . 25 acres between Schuring Road and Portage Central Park west of Westnedge Avenue commercial area (medium density ). 100 acres to the'llorth of Centre Avenue straddling Lovers Lane (medium density ). 45 acres on the north side of Osterhout A venue east of the Conrail tracks (high density) . 20 acres along the east side of Oakland Drive from 1-94 to Centre Avenue with additional acreage possible through the redevelopment of single-family dwellings on large lots. Thus, the Future Land Use Pattern makes available 486 acres for medium and high density residential development. Although this available acreage exceeds the demand of 317 acres by about 60 percent in order to provide a choice of sites, it should be noted that 65 acres involve greenhouse operations and 20 acres involve redevelopment of large single-family tracts . Accordingly , the choice of readily available sites is limited. c. Planned Unit Residential Although the Comprehensive Plan does not designate specific geographic areas for "planned unit development," it encourages a range of housing opportunities for all income groups, a mixture of housing types and innovative design for the protection of environmentally sensitive areas that can be accomplished through "planned unit development." The "planned unit development" facilitates a range of housing types. allows the clustering of dwelling units for the preservation of natural amenities and the protection of environmentally sensitive areas, enables a transition in type and density of housing to blend into the surrounding area, ensures public review of site design, and may permit the inclusion of a limited amount of nonresidential uses supportive of the residential development. The City of Portage presently has a Planned Unit Development zoning district (which permits 20% of the area to be used for nonresidential uses) that accomplishes these objectives. Consideration should be given to the development of additional flexible residential zoning techniques. Such techniques typically establish an average density for the project area and a maximum density so that higher than average densities are permitted on a portion of the project area in order to preserve natural areas on the balance of the site. As the number of large tracts without environmental constraints shrink in future years , additional tools (such as "planned unit development" districts or "cluster housing" districts) are desirable to facilitate in-fill development and the development of tracts with environmental constraints in a manner compatible with surrounding uses and environmentally sensitive areas . 7. Residential Use Conclusion The Future Land Use Pattern designates 2,663 available acres to address the projected 20-year demand for 1,558 acres. broadens the opportunity for smaller single-famil y lots and provides choice in sites for medium and high density development. However, because the choice of medium and high density sites is limited , there will be pressure in future years when the inventory of designated medium and high density parcels is diminished . D. OFFICE 1. Definition The office designation of the Future Land Use Pattern corresponds to the office category of the Michigan Resource Inventory Act, 1979, PA 204 . As such , office includes land area occupied by all types of individual office facilities and related offstreet parking. Because the Future Land Use Map shows only one office designation, it includes professional offices (doctors, dentists, lawyers, engineers, accountants, etc.); real estate and insurance offices; banks and other financial institutions; art and photographic studios; general offices ; and community research facilities . Clearly general office use and community research facilities require larger sites than the typical pre-existing residential uses along arterials ; and compatibility with the abutting residential area will be important in the selection of the appropriate type and intensity of office use . Those office facilities ancillary to commercial or industrial uses are not included in this category. Under the Zoning Ordinance for the City of Portage, the office designation corresponds to the OS- I (Office Service District), OS-2 (Office Service District -- High-Tech, Research Uses), and P ORTA GE C OMPREHENS IVE PLA "- U PD ATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FI NAL) 4-7 �the RC (Research Park District) zoning districts. The Planned Development (PD) District may also include office uses . 2. Existing, Vacant and Projected Office Use The office component of the commercial land use category has shown the most dramatic growth over the past 7 years, increasing 86 acres from 343 in I 988 to 429 acres in 1995, covering 1.6 percent of the developed land area. Of the 429 acres of office, 180 acres are associated with the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company. If this pace of office growth continues, another 246 acres would be absorbed over the next 20 years -- I 03 acres associated with the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company and 143 acres for others. Employment growth in the finance/insurance/real estate (FIRE) and services employment sectors over the next 20 years (1995 to 2015) is forecasted to add 2,766 employees. Thus, the FIRE and Services categories would generate a demand for another 100 acres (4 employees per 1,000 square feet with a 20% floor area ratio) . Thus, the composite office demand is 243 acres, excluding the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company . As of May of 1995, there were 190 acres of vacant office zoned land (including 30 acres of planned unit development). In light of the demand for 243 acres of office over the next 20 years, the present supply of vacant office land is inadequate to provide a choice of office sites. 3. Future Office Designation The Future Land Use Pattern makes available 365 acres for future office development to meet the projected demand for 243 acres over the next twenty year . The available acreage for office development includes: • • • • 190 acres of vacant land zoned for office (excluding the 30-acre bog on the south side of South Westnedge Park and including 30 acres of Planned Development) . 40 acres on Pharmacia-Upjohn property on the south side of Milham Avenue. 50 acres through the redevelopment of residential uses along arterials. 85 acres on vacant sites redesignated from other zoning categories. Thus, there are only 275 acres readily available to meet the projected demand for 243 acres over the next twenty years . This increases the likelihood of the conversion of single-family residences to offices along arterials of major office corridors and the pressure on vacant commercial tracts that may be used for office as well as retail uses. 4. Office Development Opportunities The "Future Land Use Pattern" identifies two major office corridors in the City of Portage: • • The Milham A venue corridor from Oakland Drive to Portage Road, and The Center A venue corridor from 12th Street to Portage Road. a. Milham Avenue Office Corridor The Milham A venue Office corridor runs from Oakland Drive to Portage Road , and the office along Lovers Lane from Ramona Avenue to the Milham Avenue uses (see Figure 7-1). The combined Milham A venue/Lovers Lane office corridor includes 35 vacant acres zoned for office and another 80 acres proposed for office. The location of these sites appear in Figure 7-1 , and are described in Chapter 7. b. Centre Avenue Office Corridor The "Future Land Use Pattern" extends the current Centre Avenue office corridor between 12th Street on the west and Westnedge Avenue eastward to Portage Road (see Figure 7-2). Because of the larger sites available along the Centre A venue office corridor than the Milham Avenue corridor, this corridor offers greater opportunities for PORTAGE COMPREHE NSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN R EPORT (FI NAL) 4-8 �research/office parks and for corporate offices. The Centre Avenue corridor includes I 25 vacant acres zoned for office and an additional 65 acres proposed for office. The location of these sites appear in Figure 7-2, and are described in Chapter 7. c. Additional Office Opportunities • The "Future Land Use Pattern" also identifies office development opportunities outside the two major office corridors: I. 2. 3. 4. 30 acres zoned for office on the south side of Bishop Avenue west of Capri Street. 2 acres zoned for office on the north side of Mall Drive. Proposed offices on Kilgore Road east (about 5 acres) and west (15 acres) of Westnedge Avenue. IO acres redesignated on the northwest corner of Lovers Lane and I-94 for office rather than industrial use. 5. Office Use Conclusion Thus, the "Future Land Use Pattern" would provide about 365 acres in new sites for office uses . This provides a choice in sites over the demand for office space of 243 acres over the next twenty years. However, with constraints on development of 40 acres owned by the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company and 50 acres involving the conversion of single-family structures along arterials , the readily available office sites are in the range of about 275 acres resulting in limited choice of sites over demand as the inventory of available office zoned sites dwindles. E. COMMERCIAL I. Definition As shown on the Future Land Use Map, the Comprehensive Plan establishes three commercial designations : 1. Local Business (LB) -- The "local business" designation is intended for neighborhood supportive uses and services (gasoline, convenience store, dry cleaning drop off, bank, sma11 sit-down restaurant), and may include personal service establishments and professional offices. Neighborhood shopping centers fall in this designation. Thus, convenience (nondurable) goods and services are provided to residents and employees in the immediate neighborhood. Under the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Portage, the LB designation generally corresponds to the permitted uses in B-1 Local Business zoning district; however, general office uses and community research facilities would be inappropriate due to their magnitude and intensity. The commercial component of a residential planned unit development (Planned Development District) may also fall within the LB designation from the perspective that the commercial in a planned unit development is primary intended to support the residential uses of the development. Consistent with the Michigan Resource Inventory Act, I 979, PA 204, the LB designation corresponds to the land use category of : • 2. Local Business: Includes land area occupied by retail and service facilities plus related offstreet parking, which accommodates the convenience shopping and service needs of persons residing in adjacent residential areas. Businesses contained in this group include food (such as stop and go) and drug stores, personal services (such as barber and beauty shops, dry cleaners, laundromats, etc.). Comparison Business (CB) •· The "comparison business" designation is intended for shoppers goods (nondurable and smaller durable goods) and for personal service establishments, and may include general offices and community research facilities . The "comparison business" designation may also be termed "intensive" commercial/ business or "community" commercial/business. Community and PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 4-9 �regional shopping centers fall in this designation . Thus, shopping goods and services are provided to residents and employees in the community and the metropolitan areas. Under the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Portage, CB designation generally corresponds to the permitted uses in B-2 Community Business zoning district and would include the CPD (Commercial Planned Develop_ment) zoning district. Consistent with the Michigan Resource Inventory Act, 1979, PA 204, the CB designation corresponds to the land use category of : • 3. Comparison: Includes land area occupied by retail uses and related offstreet parking, offering commodities which are normally purchased at infrequent intervals and allows the consumer to shop and compare between a number of different businesses. Included in this group are planned commercial centers such as Crossroads Mall and Southland Mall. General Business (GB) -- The "general business" designation is intended for the full range of retail uses (nondurable and durable goods -- large and small), for hotel/motel and other highway services, for recreation facilities and for personal service establishments, and may include general offices and community research facilities . This designation adds the land extensive and large durable goods retail and service uses such as garden centers, home materials, automobile sales and services, furniture stores and large appliance stores (refrigerators, air-conditioners, washers, dryers, stoves). Thus, the full range of retail goods and services are provided to the community and travelers in this commercial designation . Under the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Portage, the GB designation generally corresponds to the permitted uses in B-3 General Business zoning district, and would include the ES (Expressway Service) District in view of the land extensive uses such as motels and hotels serving the traveling public. Consistent with the Michigan Resource Inventory Act, 1979, PA 204, the GB designation corresponds to the land use category of : • General : Includes land area occupied by types of businesses and related offstreet parking, which do not require a shopping center location and do not primarily cater to the needs of adjacent residential areas . Land uses included in this category are restaurants, automotive sales and service, furniture, food stores which serve a larger area, etc. 2. Existing Commercial About 5.8 percent of the developed land area (5 .0 percent of the total land area) is occupied by commercial uses, including office, local business, comparison shopping, and general business uses. Commercial activity increased by I 0.8 percent between 1988 and 1995 with the most significant gains in the office district. About 5 acres of general business land and 180 acres of office land are owned by The Pharmacia-Upjohn Company. Excluding office acreage, retail commercial uses represented 667 acres or 4.2 percent of the developed area in May of 1995. 3. Existing Vacant Commercial The commercial land inventory (Table 4-2) identifies commercially planned or zoned parcels within the City of Portage as of May of 1995. The inventory shows 380 acres of vacant land zoned for commercial purposes. Excluding 109 acres in office service (estimated to be 160 acres in June of 1995) and 104 acres in planned development (30 acres assigned to office and 74 acres assigned to residential ), there are only 167 acres of vacant retail property. PORTAGE COMPREHENSI VE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 4-10 �a. Commercial Zoning Districts Eight (8) zoning districts have been established in the City which support commercial activity. The districts include the B-1 , Local Business ; B-2, Community Business; B-3 , General Business ; OS-I, Office Service; 0S-2, Office Service (High-Tech, Research Uses); ES , Expressway Service; PD, Planned Development; and CPD, Commercial Planned Development. These are explained below: • Local Business (B-1): This district is intended to provide convenience shopping and service needs of persons residing in neighboring residential areas . Types of uses allowed in the B-1 district include but are not limited to convenience and drug stores, personal service establishments such as dry cleaners and laundromats and small neighborhood shopping centers. • Community Business (B-2): The community business district is designed to cater to the needs of a larger consumer population and is generally characterized by an integrated or planned cluster of establishments served by a common parking area and generating large volumes of vehicular and pedestrian traffic . Consumers can shop and compare between a number of different businesses within larger malls and planned commercial centers such as Crossroads Mall and Southland Mall. • General Business (B-3): This district permits more diversified commercial business types and is often located along major traffic arteries intended to serve passerby traffic . Uses allowed in this district include but are not limited to shopping centers, malls and also drive-thru restaurants, automotive sales and service. hotels, furniture or appliance stores. • Office Service (OS-1): The OS-I district is intended to accommodate office and institutional land use acti vities. Typical uses allowed in this district include but are not limited to executive, administrative, and medical offices , banks and personal service establishments. • Office Service (OS-2): The OS-2 district is intended to provide locations for offices , research and development uses, laboratories and similar high-tech uses . • Expressway Service (ES): This zoning district is designed to provide servicing for the needs of automobile highway traffic at the interchange of feeder roads and expressway facilities . Uses permitted in this district include but are not limited to hotels, gas stations, and other general business uses designed to serve automobile highway traffic needs . • Planned Development (PD): The planned development district is intended to provide variety and flexibility in land development. This district will support both residential and non-residential uses which are planned and developed together as a single entity. A maximum of twenty percent of the total planned development area may be used for non-residential uses, including access roads and parking associated with such non-residential use. • Commercial Planned Development (CPD): This zoning district establishes a planned development approach for the consideration of retail developments involving community business uses (similar to the B-2 di strict). It allows for greater flexibility and control when reviewing retail development projects and/or rezoning requests . PORTAGE C OMPREH ENSI VE PL AN U PDATE : MASTER PlAI< REPORT ( FI NA L) 4- 11 �Table 4-2 COMMERCIAL ZONING DISTRICT SUMMARY (excludes properties of The Upjohn Company) ZONING DISTRICTS Local Business Community Business General Business Office Service Expressway Service l TOTAL 154 I 1,303 Planned Development Total Acreage 65 342 440 270 32 Vacant Acreage 22 51 70 l09 24 I 104 I 380 Occupied Acreage 43 291 369 162 8 I 50 I 923 Number of Parcels 65 124 479 152 39 28 887 Number of Vacant Parcels 19 23 72 37 29 7 187 Number of Occupied Parcels I 46 IOI 407 I 15 10 21 700 Number of Vacant Parcels Greater than One Acre I 6 I 15 I 23 I 20 I 4 I 6 I 74 Number of Parcels Occupied I by a Single-Family Use 11 I 3 I 64 I 28 I 7 I 0 I 113 Source: City of Portage, 1993. Note: PORTAGE COMPREIIENS JVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (f'INAL) Subsequent to the 1993 inventory, additional land was zoned for offices. The "office service" category was estimated to have about 160 vacant acres in the June of 1995. 4 - 12 �4. Projected Commercial Demand Forecasted employment growth in the retail trade, finance/insurance/real estate (FIRE) and Services employment sectors indicates a strong demand for additional commercial lands. Retail employment growth between 1995 and 2015 would generate a demand for nearly 207 acres (2 employees per 1,000 square feet with a 10% floor area ratio). The FIRE and Services categories would generate the demand for another 100 acres (4 employees per 1,000 square feet with a 20% floor area ratio). The projected need for 100 acres in the FIRE and Services sectors has been included in the demand for office space. Thus, the projected retail use demand is 207 acres, and the supply of 167 acres of vacant retail zoned land is not adequate to accommodate retail demand. Further, the availability of larger sites appears limited referring to Table 4-2, and the vacant land within Portage Commerce Square (discussed below) is not sufficient to accommodate retail growth . With a ratio of about 1,000 persons per acre of local retail (neighborhood-oriented retail), the increase of 6,776 persons over the next 20 years would create a demand for 7 acres of additional neighborhood commercial uses . Thus, "comparison'' retail and "general" retail are more significant components of the future retail land use needs. 5. Future Commercial Designation The Future Land Use Pattern focuses commercial uses in two major commercial corridors, identifies four commercial revitalization areas, and designates 5 primary and 11 secondary commercial nodes. With a projected demand for an additional 207 acres by the year 2015, there are only 167 acres of vacant retail zoned properties. The Comprehensive Plan designates an additional 96 acres for retail purposes. Thus, the future available acreage for retail is 263 acres . Excluding Pharmacia-Upjohn property and the redevelopment of greenhouse and residential property. there are only 216 acres of readily available land for retail development. This retail land inventory will address projected demand; however, there is a very limited choice of greenfield sites. Thus, the revitalization of existing commercial areas is crucial to provide a choice of sites for future retail activities. The two major commercial corridors (for regional, community and neighborhood commercial uses), where contiguous properties may be included, are: • • Westnedge Avenue from Kilgore Road to Shaver Road encompassing Portage Commerce Square, and Portage Road from I-94 to Milham Avenue and from north of Centre Avenue to Emily Drive near Austin Lake. The Future Land Use Pattern also designates four commercial revitalization areas where commercial rezonings of contiguous properties would be entertained and public actions (such as public infrastructure improvements) would stimulate private reinvestment: • • • • Westnedge Avenue from Romence Road Parkway to Shaver Road Portage Road from I-94 to south of Winters Drive Portage Road from Centre Avenue to north of Emily Drive Sprinkle Road at Long Lake Drive The five primary commercial nodes for local/employment supportive retail and service uses (grocery, drug-store, hardware store, restaurant, personal services, and business services) are: I. 2. 3. 4. 5. Milham A venue at 12th Street (30 vacant acres) Sprinkle Road at Meredith Road (20 vacant acres) Centre A venue at Moorsbridge Road Centre A venue at Portage Road Shaver Road at Oakland Drive (6 vacant acres) PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLA N UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 4-13 �The eleven ( 11) secondary commercial nodes for local supportive uses and services (gasoline, convenience store, dry cleaning drop off, bank, small sit-down restaurant), with the B-1 zoning district being the most appropriate, are: I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11 . Milham A venue at Roanoke Street Milham A venue at Lovers Lane Sprinkle Road at East Milham Road Centre Avenue at Oakland Drive Centre Avenue at Westnedge Avenue Centre A venue at Lovers Lane Centre A venue at Sprinkle Road Portage Road at Zylman Avenue Shaver Road at Osterhout Avenue Portage Road at Osterhout Avenue (designated "comparison business") Sprinkle Road at Long Lake Drive. 6. Commercial Development Opportunities a. Portage Commerce Square and Westnedge Avenue Commercial Corridor Major regional retail activities are focused in the geographic area of the City of Portage known as "Portage Commerce Square." This "Square" contains over I ,800 acres and is bounded by Milham A venue, Lovers Lane, Romence Road, and Constitution Boulevard (see Figure 7-3). Approximately 83 percent of the land area is occupied . The remaining 17 percent is vacant and zoned for residential , business or industrial development. Significant commercial development occurs along South Westnedge Avenue - more than 2.5 million square feet of building space with an estimated 4,050 existing job opportunities. Residential neighborhoods are also distributed in various locations in this area of the community - 1,746 dwelling units with an estimated 4,600 residents. The continued strength of Portage Commerce Square is reflected in the addition of greenfield sites for commercial use and in the identification of redevelopment opportunities for commercial purposes. There are about 73 vacant acres zoned for retail in the "Square." The Comprehensive Plan establishes the 40 acres of vacant commercially zoned property on the south side of Romence Road west of Westnedge as a valuable addition to the Square as a greenfield; provides for the opportunity to redevelop about IO acres for retail purposes within the portion of the Della/Ruth neighborhood fronting on Westnedge Avenue ; and proposes office rather than industrial use between Portage Creek and Lovers Lane from Milham A venue to Ramona A venue. With the redesignation of the west side of Lovers Lane from Milham Avenue to Ramona Avenue from industrial to office, about 13 acres of vacant land are now available for office, and the office designation is intended to improve the marketability of this area. With the designation of 25 acres on the northeast corner of Romence Road and Constitution Boulevard for medium residential, little viable vacant land for new residential development remains within Portage Commerce Square. For the remainder of the Westnedge Avenue Commercial Corridor north and south of Portage Commerce Square, the Future Land Use Map identifies 20 acres currently zoned for commercial and identifies another 50 acres for commercial development (refer to Figure 7-3): • • • • Including 20 acres zoned for Expressway Services on the northwest corner of 1-94 and Westnedge A venue is designated for general business which permit ES zoning district uses. Adding 15 vacant acres on the west side of South Westnedge Avenue near Kilgore Road behind the Willow Creek shopping center. Adding 25 acres of vacant and greenhouse property west of the Conrail tracks from Romence Road Parkway to Garden Lane. Adding IO acres between Peterman Road and Schuring Road abutting existing Westnedge A venue commercial uses on the east, an industrial use on the south, and greenhouse operations on the west. PORT AGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 4-14 �Thus, the combination of the Portage Commerce Square and the Westnedge Commercial Corridor provide 153 acres (93 being already zoned) for future retail development to address the demand for 207 retail acres. b. Other Commercial Development Opportunities Outside the Westnedge Commercial Corridor, retail development opportunities tend to be scattered. There are 74 acres of vacant zoned retail sites including: • • • • IO acres on the west side of Shaver Road to the south of Melody A venue . 20 acres on the southwest corner of Sprinkle Road and Meredith Street. 10 acres on Sprinkle Road north of Branch Avenue (that is proposed of smaller single-family lots). 34 acres in scattered sites of five acres or less. The most significant additions to available retail sites outside the Westnedge Commercial Corridor are the designation of 30 acres on the southwest and southeast corners of Portage Road and Milham A venue for commercial purposes in the Portage Commercial Corridor, and the designation of 30 acres on the southeast corner of Milham A venue and 12th Street for a new primary commercial node. 7. Commercial Use Conclusion In summary. the "Future Land Use Pattern" provides about 263 additional acres (including 167 acres of commercially zoned properties) to meet future demand for commercial sites. This available acreage is concentrated in the Westnedge Avenue Commercial Corridor (153 acres) and the Portage Road Commercial Corridor (about 44 acres) . However, about 60 acres involve redevelopment of residential areas and greenhouses abutting Westnedge Avenue and major property owners such as Pharmacia-Upjohn Company, and is not readily available today for commercial development. Accordingly, readily available vacant sites for commercial purposes approximate about 203 acres. Thus, revitalization of existing commercial areas will be important in accommodating projected demands for commercial acreage. F. INDUSTRIAL 1. Definition The "Future Land Use Pattern" designates industrial areas. and does not subcategorize industrial areas . Thus, the "industrial" designation includes both "light" and "heavy" industrial uses as defined below. Generally associated with 1-1 industrial zoning, "light industrial" includes wholesaling, warehousing. truck/recreational vehicle/mobile home/manufactured home/agricultural equipment sales and services, and manufacturing act1v1t1es not involving raw materials. Except for truck/recreational vehicle/mobile home/manufactured home/agricultural equipment sales, all outdoor activities and materials should be screened from public view. Generally associated with the I-2 zoning district, "heavy industrial" encompasses manufacturing activities involving raw materials, the extraction of minerals, and industrial activities where outdoor activities and materials may not be screened. Consistent with the Michigan Resource Inventory Act. 1979, PA 204, the industrial designation includes the following land use categories: • Light: Includes land area occupied by industrial operations which manufacture, prepare, or assemble a product from previously prepared materials. Types of operations include tool and die shops, machine shops, automotive repair such as body repair, painting, engine rebuilding, etc. • Heavy: Includes land area occupied by large scale industrial and manufacturing operations which generally produce a product from raw materials. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FINAL) 4-15 �2. Existing Industrial Industrial uses accounted for approximately 4.2 percent (922 acres) of total City land area in 1995. A modest growth rate of 18.4 percent overall accounts for the ongoing development of primarily light industrial uses. A number of activities were reclassified in the 1988 survey, accounting for the disparity in growth rates in the two categories. In the year 1995, the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company accounted for 98 light industrial acres and 340 heavy industrial acres plus 660 partially developed acres and I 80 acres of office. Thus, as shown in Table 4-1, the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company represents 1,278 developed acres; whereas, developed industrial properties under other ownership account for 484 acres. The total of 1,762 acres represents 8.0 percent of the total City land area and 11 .2 percent of the developed land area. 3. Existing Vacant Industrial The 1993 industrial inventory identified land within the City zoned and/or planned for industrial use excluding the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company properties referring to Table 4-3 . A total of 919 acres of vacant industrially zoned land was identified that comprises about : • • • • 247 acres along Sprinkle Road 168 acres along Lovers Lane 431 acres along Shaver Road 73 acres in scattered sites. In addition to the 1,278 acres of Pharmacia-Upjohn property that is fully or partially developed, the company has another 550 acres with industrial zoning and 120 acres with residential zoning that are vacant. 4. Projected Industrial Demand Forecasted employment increases for the construcuon, manufacturing, transportation/communications/utilities and wholesale trade employment sectors are modest at 1.557 new jobs over the next 20 years. 630 in wholesale trade. Yet. industrial land has been absorbed at about 21 acres per year over the past 7 years . This translates into a demand for 420 acres for industrial use over the next 20 years . Based on the proportion of fully developed industrial Pharmacia-Upjohn property and existing developed industrial property owned by others, the future demand for industrial land was allocated with 200 acres going to Pharmacia-Upjohn and 220 acres going others. [Adding the Pharmacia-Upjohn share of office space at 103 acres, the future demand of 303 acres is associated with UpjohnPharmacia over the next 20 years .] Although the 1993 inventory of vacant industrially zoned land at 919 acres appears to be sufficient, the number of available sites over 5 acres appears restrictive referring to Table 4-4. Moreover, the ability of existing industries to expand or relocate to new sites would add the demand for another 460 acres (218 acres associated with PharmaciaUpjohn and 242 acres associated with others) to provide a 50 percent expansion capacity over the next 20 years. 5. Future Industrial Designation The Future Land Use Pattern makes available 740 acres for future industrial development (not involving PharmaciaUpjohn) to address the demand of 220 acres for new industrial development and 242 acres associated with existing industrial expansions and relocations. In the case of the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company, the redevelopment of the residential area (I 00 acres) south of Ramona Avenue for industrial more than offsets the proposed retail and office use of 65 acres on the south side of Milham Avenue between Lovers Lane and Portage Road . Thus, the PharmaciaUpjohn Company would have 705 acres for expansion in addition to the 1,278 fully and partially developed acres. PORTAGE COMPREH ENSIVE PLA N UPDATE : MASTER PLA N REPORT ( FINA L) 4-16 �Table 4-3 INDUSTRIAL ZONING DISTRICT SUMMARY excludes properties of The Upjohn Company) TOTAL LIGHT HEAVY INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL 1,441.66 406.99 Vacant acreage 663.43 255 .76 Occupied acreage 778.23 151.92 343 73 90 26 253 47 301 68 17 86 336 73 410 306 69 0 375 268 65 0 333 288 29 3 0 0 3 38 19 0 57 300 56 29 14 0 43 159 15 0 174 223 53 0 276' 343 73 174 36 Total acreage Number of parcels Number of vacant parcels Number of occupied parcels Number of parcels greater than 5 acres Number of parcels not classified as a 307 site Number of parcels not contained in a floodplain/wetland Number of parcels without soil constraints Number of parcels with both water and sewer available Number of parcels with only sewer available Number of parcels with only water available Number of parcels adjacent to a major thoroughfare Number of parcels adjacent to an active railroad Number of parcels with 2 miles of a highway Number of parcels with no residential impact Number of parcels zoned for industrial use Number of parcels planned for industrial use REsEARCH PARK 26.62 1,875.27 919.19 26.62 956.08 417 0 I 16 318 357 417 0 210 Source: City of Portage, 1993 PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (fiNAL) 4-17 �The Comprehensive Plan identifies two major industrial corridors: • The Sprinkle Road Corridor generally running from the east City limits to Portage Creek and from Milham Avenue to Zylman Avenue with 705 acres available for Pharmacia-Upjohn expansion and another 285 acres available for industrial development by others. • Shaver Road Corridor from roughly south of Centre Avenue to Oakland Drive with 405 acres available for industrial development. Outside of these two major industrial corridors are about 50 acres of vacant industrially zoned land available for development. 6. Industrial Development Opportunities a. Sprinkle Road Industrial Corridor The Sprinkle Road Corridor generally runs from the east City limits to Portage Creek and from Milham Avenue to Zylman Avenue (see Figure 7-4). Independent of Pharmacia-Upjohn, the corridor contains 272 acres zoned for industrial with another 13 acres redesignated for industrial use. In the case of Pharmacia-Upjohn, the corridor includes 485 acres with industrial zoning and another 220 acres designed for industrial use . The location of these sites appears in Figure 7-4, and are described in Chapter 7. b. Shaver Road Industrial Corridor The Shaver Road Corridor runs from roughly south of Centre Avenue to Oakland Drive (see Figure 7-5). The corridor contains 375 acres of industrially zoned land and another 30 acres designated for industrial uses . The location of these sites appears in Figure 7-5, and are described in Chapter 7. c. Addition Industrial Opportunities Outside the Sprinkle Road and Shaver Road Industrial Corridor. there are another 50 acres of zoned industrial land in scattered sites. Most sites are located along Portage Road between Centre Avenue and Bacon Avenue, and have been identified for general business in the future land use pattern . 7. Industrial Conclusion The Future Land Use Pattern provides 740 acres (including 697 industrially zoned acres) to address the projected demand of 220 acres for new sites and 242 acres for expansion and relocation of existing industrial use. In the case of the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company, there would be an estimated 705 acres available for expansion including another 660 acres not fully developed within the campus. The redevelopment of the Ramano Avenue residential area (I 00 acres) for industrial purposes for Pharmacia-Upjohn would more than off-set the 65 acres of Pharmacia-Upjohn property along the south side of Milham A venue between Lovers Lane and Portage Road . In the Sprinkle Road Industrial Corridor, the Future Land Use Pattern proposes redevelopment of 100 acres of residential south of Ramona Avenue for industrial use by Pharmacia-Upjohn and the addition of 13 to 20 acres of primarily vacant land on the south side of Milham A venue to Portage Commerce Park where the City of Portage is making infrastructure improvements to facilitate business development. On the other hand, about 145 acres of vacant industrially zoned land have been designated for non-industrial uses along Lovers Lane. This will shift the character of vacant land along Lovers Lane between Kilgore Road and Ramona A venue from industrial to office. In the Shaver Road Industrial Corridor, the Future Land Use Pattern redesignates about 30 acres east of Portage Creek for industrial to avoid future residential uses between the creek and Shaver Road, and redesignates 52 acres of industrially zoned east of the Conrail tracks along Osterhout Avenue for residential purposes. These actions have resulted in a slight reduction in the available land for industrial development in the corridor from 431 acres to 405 acres. The Transportation Element proposes improved access to the corridor by widening Shaver Road to four lanes PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL ) 4- 18 �from US 131 to Centre A venue and improved internal circulation south of Melody A venue (in the vicinity of the extended alignment of Vanderbilt Avenue) by the construction of a new collector south of South Westnedge Park between Shaver Road and Westnedge Avenue. G. RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE 1. Definition As shown on the Future Land Use Map, the Recreation and Open Space (REC) designation includes public parks, public nature preserves, and public and quasi-public (i.e., Consumers Power) greenways. There is no private property designated for "recreation and open space." Nevertheless, Federal and State environment regulations severely limit the development of private property that falls in flood hazard areas and in environmentally sensitive areas . Thus. the Sensitive Land Areas Inventory map (Figure 5-4) in Chapter 5 should be referenced . Under the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Portage, public "recreation and open space" is permitted in all zoning districts ; however, most areas are zoned one-family residential (R-IB in the case of most city parks and preserves and R-1 C in the case of the State game preserve. Consistent with the Michigan Resource Inventory Act, 1979, PA 204, the REC designation includes the following existing land use categories ): • • Parks: Includes all city-owned parks. State Conservation : Includes all land owned by the State of Michigan for conservation and recreation activities. Pri vate recreation land areas intended for private use such as golf courses and shooting ranges are excluded from the REC designation because of private ownership, and are tabulated as "quasi-public" land use. 2. Existing Recreation and Open Space Present public recreation and open space cover 2,268 acres in the City of Portage. This includes 722 acres owned by the City and 1,546 acres owned by the State, and amounts to 14.3 percent of the developed land area and 10.3 percent of the total land area. The City of Portage has 58 acres of neighborhood parks, 86 acres of community park, 262 acres of regional park and 276 acres of nature preserves. In the past year, the City of Portage purchased Mandigo Swamp adding 40 acres to the City' s nature preserves. The Gourdneck State Game Preserve area covers 1,546 in one primary tract south of Vanderbilt Avenue and two disconnected tracts between Centre Avenue and Vanderbilt Avenue. Because the Portage Public School District facilities are also used for public recreation purposes, the amount of land used for neighborhood park adequacy assessment is 97 acres . 3. Projected Recreation Demand With a forecasted increase in population of 6,776 persons over the next 20 years, an additional 75 acres of parkland is needed to maintain the 1995 ratio of public parkland per capita. Referring to the Recreation and Open Space Chapter, a need for 130 acres of additional neighborhood parkland and for 150 acres of additional community parkland is recommended per Table 6-1 . The primary need for neighborhood park land is in the northwest quadrant of the City and the additional community park land is associated with the expansion of existing community parks where possible. 4. Recreation and Open Space Designation The "Future Land Use Pattern" indicates the need for parkland in northwest quadrant of City, but identifies no site nor general area . The "Future Land Use Pattern" also establishes the desire to protect the Portage Creek flood plain from the Portage Creek Bi-Centennial Park northward to Kilgore Road . A possible future park falls in a portion of the Gourdneck State Game Area for public recreational space. PORTAGE C OMPREHE NS IVE PLA ' UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 4-19 �The "Future Land Use Pattern" also proposes a greenway network connecting existing natural amenities and parks within the City: • Through use of the Consumers Power property from 12th Street south of Milham A venue eastward to Crossroads Mall , along the Portage Creek Bi-Centennial Park and Pharmacia-Upjohn property to Portage Road, and from Conrail railroad tracks west of Sprinkle Road at Centre A venue to the east City limits north of Centre Avenue. 5. Recreation Opportunities and Conclusion The Gourd neck State Game Preserve area south of Centre A venue now serves the area for recreation and open space. There is an apparent need for additional neighborhood park land in the northwest quadrant of the City, and the City should be prepared to exploit reasonable opportunities as they arise . Likewise, opportunities for the expansion of existing neighborhood and community parks should be examined as they arise to provide additional park land to address local recreation demands. H. PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC 1. Definition The Future Land Use Map includes a Public designation for community facilities under public ownership other than public parks and public nature preserves. Because of private land ownership, there is no designation for quasipublic land uses such as churches, nonprofit organization, utilities and private recreation facilities , and such existing land uses are designated according to the predominant surrounding land use. Under the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Portage, Public use is permitted in all zoning districts ; however, most areas are zoned one-family residential (R-1 B in most cases). Consistent with the Michigan Resource Inventory Act, 1979, PA 204, the Public designation includes the following existing land use categories): • • • Schools: Includes land area occupied by schools and related offstreet parking. Cemeteries: Includes land area occupied by cemeteries. Government: Includes area occupied by City Hall, Police and Fire Stations, Library , etc. 2. Existing Public Land Excluding public parks and nature preserves and public rights-of-way, the City of Portage has 46 acres used for governmental services and the Portage Public School District has 377 acres actively used for schools. 3. Public Use (Community Facilities) Designation The "Future Land Use Map" designates a variety of public uses including cemeteries, fire stations, schools (elementary, middle and high), and public wellhead sites for drinking water. Existing facilities are shown by a circled abbreviation, and future facilities are shown by an abbreviation in a square. The only future facility identified is a new fire station in the vicinity of Westnedge and Bacon Avenues. General public facilities (such as the library, community centers, administrative offices and government service centers) are not given an individual designation ; however, the City Centre Area where these facilities are concentrated has been designated by the abbreviation "CCA." There is a recognized need for an indoor adult recreation facility , for expanded space for senior citizen activities and an auditorium/theater; these may be addressed in combination with one another and may be located in the City Centre Area. PORTAGE COMPREHENSI VE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 4-20 �4. City Centre Area The City Centre Area (CCA) covers the general area intersected by Westnedge Avenue, Centre Avenue and Shaver Road as shown in Figure 4-1 . As noted above, the CCA is where general public facilities of the City of Portage are located such as the library , community centers, administrative offices and government service centers. The "Future Land Use Pattern" reinforces the concept of a City Centre Area by : I. 2. 3. 4. 5. Designating the area west of City Hall along Shaver Road for offices. Permitting redevelopment of residential uses fronting on the south side of Centre A venue from Portage Creek to Shaver Road for offices while maintaining the commercial fronting on Shaver Road . Creating a secondary commercial node at the corner of Centre Avenue and Shaver Road with commercial on the south side of Centre Avenue from Shaver Road to Currier Drive and redevelopment of the Portage Steel property. Designating the north side of Centre Avenue for offices from Shaver Road to Currier Drive. Proposing medium density residential development on the east side of the City Centre Area. The City Centre Area is the logical location for new or expanded community facilities such as an indoor adult recreation facility, expanded space for senior citizen activities and an auditorium/theater. An update to the Portage City Centre plan to refine the definition of land activities and their relationships in the CCA and to bring about an integration of activities and urban design relationships to enhance the definition of the area is recommended . I. LAND USFJINFRASTRUCTURE INTERFACE The transportation and utility systems of the community are essential to the achievement of the Future Land Use Pattern envisioned for the community. Although major thoroughfare transportation improvements to support most development in the City of Portage have been programmed, the reconstruction and widening of Interstate 94 through Kalamazoo County remains the most significant transportation need supporting the economic development of the City of Portage that has not been funded . Associated with the unfunded status of the 1-94 widening is the reconstruction of the 1-94 interchanges with Westnedge Avenue and Oakland Drive and the widening of Westnedge A venue to six lanes from 1-94 to the present six-lane section at Milham Avenue. 1. Transportation The future adequacy of the transportation system to support development to the year 2015 and beyond is crucial to the achievement of a desirable future land use pattern with regard to location , type, intensity and timing . a. Portage Commerce Square and the Westnedge Commercial Corridor Because of the concentration of commercial development in Portage Commerce Square and the extended commercial corridor along Westnedge Avenue north to Kilgore Road and south to Portage Creek, most transportation improvements programmed to the year 2015 are associated with providing access to this area . Accordingly. the Transportation Element includes several major thoroughfare improvements: • Extending Romence Road Parkway from Lovers Lane to Portage Road . This roadway extension is important to the east-west continuity of the thoroughfare network and to the distribution of traffic to north-south arterials as alternatives to the use of Westnedge Avenue where funding for improvements to Westnedge Avenue north of Milham Avenue and the interchange with I-94 have not been found . The most direct connection of Romence Road Parkway to Bishop Avenue is desirable to facilitate eastwest traffic . Finalization of the alignment will be necessary in the future . PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLA N UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FI NA L) 4-21 �• • - COMPREHENSIVE PLAN - Public Works Maintenance Figure 4:1 City Centre Area Future Land Use 1" Library Senior Citizen Center Police/Courts Bldg .---;. -.....tJ Fire Station No. 1 - ---~ Possible Recreation Center Site - - ~ ~~~- j f ~·-~~:--, = 1500' - LOW-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL - SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED MEDIUM DENSITY I- MEDIUM-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL bLLL~LQ - HIGH-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL 1-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:j - OFFICE ™ LOCAL BUSINESS - COMPARISON BUSINESS ~ - v 72<2?1 - GENERAL BUSINESS INDUSTRIAL rQo ou o O uo O u1_ - PUBLIC: O O O ~ ~ - CITY CENTRE AREA (City H<il. Poll~/Court. Ubrvy. Senior Center. Oeportmont of Pubnc '5erAc:11s. and flre Doportments.J EXISTING: I ®- -' <t z G:: / • • • • • • Boundary of City Centre Area 51 (.!)~ 0 ;'ti~ - =--~~ ) g,~ ~] ~ ~ ar:; t/J ::, ! - 0 j~ :s 0, Major Vacant Sites NW •, , ~ NE -~ .,., ,>~~~ Mf ,, ... ,.... . SW - @] -0 Well Sites - - - - - I - ~ RECREATION/OPEN SPACE Existing Porks ~ - Future Porks - 100- YEAR FLOODPLAIN I- COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS C -_---. __, - COMMERCIAL REVITALIZATION AREAS •j -I C -_-, ------, t,,... __ .,,,,,1 SE MAI' 1 l, ~~ j 8 ,-:. -viu. . __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ i • ~ !II/ . - Fire Stations [ :::::: ;::'. :.:: ·j - :lE ~ ®®- ~ 0 :i - Cemeteries @ - Elementary Schools - § @ - Middle Schools - ~ @ - High Schools - B \ ,:::. FU'TURE: @) - - - - - I00-YEAR FLOODPLAIN INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSI nvE AREAS; HOWEVER, Tl-iE SENSITIVELAND AREAS INVENTORY SHOULD BE RF.FFRFNCFD FOR AREAS OUTSIDE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _11-1 ,_ E _;,; 10;,;; 0_- Y ~E,;,;; AR~ fL~OO ~ D;,:;, P~ LA:IN:.,;8 ; 0;;;, UN ;,;,;D;;,; A;,;. RY;,;. . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ - PRIMARY COMMERCIAL NODES - SECONDARY COMMERCIAL NODES - MAJOR ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS •NOTE: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ . 4-22 �• Kilgore Avenue from Oakland Drive to Westnedge Avenue (addition of third lane for left-turns) and from Lovers Lane to west of Portage Road (widening to four lanes with left-turn lanes at major intersections). This improvement improves east-west access to Westnedge Avenue and other northsouth roadways leading to Portage Commerce Square. • Lovers Lane from Milham Avenue to Kilgore Road (widening to four lanes with left-turn lanes at major intersections). This widening will provide an alternative route to Westnedge Avenue through Portage Commerce Square. • Milham Avenue from 12th Street to Oakland Drive and from Lovers Lane to Portage Road (widening to four lanes with left-turn lanes at major intersections and addition of left-turn lanes between Oakland Drive and Lovers Lane). This improvement facilitates traffic movement on the north side of Portage Commerce Square, addresses increasing traffic from Texas Township to the west and supports the continued development of Milham Avenue from Oakland Drive to Portage Road as an office corridor. • Oakland Drive from Milham Avenue to Centre Avenue (widening to four lanes with left-turn lanes at major intersections). This improvement provides an alternative north-south route to Westnedge A venue to the west of Portage Commerce Square. • Centre Avenue from Westnedge Avenue to Portage Road (widening to four lanes with left-turn lanes at major intersections). This improvement provides improved access to the southern end of the Westnedge Commercial Corridor and facilitates the continued development of Centre Avenue as an office corridor. Because the Future Land Use Pattern adds only 50 acres for retail development over existing zoning and 65 of the 257 acres involve redevelopment of existing residential and greenhouse properties or vacant land owned by Pharmacia-Upjohn, the available land for development proposed in the Comprehensive Plan remains consistent with the retail employment and land use assumptions of the KA TS 2015 Long Range Transportation Plan. Nevertheless, the improvement of Westnedge Avenue from Andy Avenue through 1-94 to Milham Avenue and reconstruction of the Westnedge A venue/I-94 Interchange remain needed projects which remain unfunded. b. Sprinkle Road and Shaver Road Industrial Corridors Several thoroughfare improvements are identified in the Transportation Element to improve external and internal access to the Shaver Road Industrial Corridor: • Shaver Road from Centre Avenue to Melody Avenue (widening to four lanes with left-turn lanes at major intersections). • Widening Shaver Road to five lanes from Melody A venue to US 131 for improved industrial access. • Construction of a new collector on the approximate alignment of Vanderbilt Avenue from Shaver Road to Westnedge Avenue on the south side of South Westnedge Park improving east-west continuity of the thoroughfare network between Melody Avenue and Osterhout Avenue and providing access for improved internal circulation with the Shaver Road Industrial Corridor to stimulate economic development similar to public infrastructure investments planned in the Portage Industrial Drive area. Although specific thoroughfare improvements are not targeted on the Sprinkle Road Commercial Corridor, the extension of Romence Road Parkway from Lovers Lane to Bishop A venue at Portage Road will improve east-west access to the center of the corridor, and the widening (widening to four lanes with left-turn lanes at major intersections) of Sprinkle Road from Centre Avenue to City limits will clearly improve access to the south end of the Sprinkle Road corridor from Vicksburg. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 4-23 �c. Commercial Revitalization Because of the limited number of green field sites for retail commercial development, the encouragement of revitalization and reinvestment in the existing commercial area is important to address future retail land needs. Thus, public infrastructure investments are a logical means to encourage private reinvestment in the four targeted commercial revitalization areas as follows : • • Improving vehicular and pedestrian facilities , including separation by curbing, landscaped areas, storm drainage and sidewalks, where appropriate, in the four revitalization areas -⇒ South Westnedge Avenue between Romence Parkway and Centre Avenue. ⇒ Portage Road between Milham A venue and 1-94. ⇒ Portage Road between Centre Avenue and Ames Drive. ⇒ Sprinkle Road between Zylman A venue and Long Lake Drive. Adding a center left-tum lane to Portage Road between Centre Avenue and Emily Drive. d. Office Corridors In addition to improving access to commercial and industrial corridors, several thoroughfare improvements enhance the development of office space: ' ' T T • Reconstructing the US 13 I interchange with Centre Avenue. This roadway improvement is important to market Centre A venue as a regional office and research park corridor. If the pace of office development on Centre Avenue continues between US 131 and Oakland Drive, reconstruction of the interchange will become crucial and the pace of office development will exceed that assumed in the KA TS Long-Range Transportation Plan. • Centre Avenue from Westnedge Avenue to Portage Road (widening to four lanes with left-turn lanes at major intersections). This improvement facilitates the continued development of Centre Avenue as an office corridor. • Milham Avenue from 12th Street to Oakland Drive and from Lovers Lane to Portage Road (widening to four lanes with left-turn lanes at major intersections and addition of left-turn Janes between Oakland Drive and Lovers Lane). This improvement supports the continued development of Milham Avenue from Oakland Drive to Portage Road as an office corridor. • Lovers Lane from Milham Avenue to Kilgore Road (widening to four lanes with left-turn lanes at major intersections). This widening will support development of Lovers Lane as a secondary office corridor to the Milham A venue Office Corridor. 2. Utilities Through the Capital Improvement Program, the City of Portage continues to program sanitary sewer, water facility and drainage improvements to support the overall development of the community and specific economic development initiatives. J. LAND USE/ENVIRONMENT INTERFACE To the extent possible, the Future Land Use Pattern protects environmentally sensitive areas from inappropriate development. The Sensitive Land Areas map (Figure 5-4) of Chapter 5 should be consulted when the development of specific properties are being considered. When the conversion of residential properties to office use on Centre Avenue begins east of Westnedge Avenue, particular attention should be given to the concentration of historic properties along the north side of Centre A venue. T PORTAGE C OMPREHENSI VE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER T PLAN REPORT ( FINAL) 4-24 �,V ~ ' A. CHAPTERS: NATURAL/CULTURAL RESOURCES t INTRODUCTION The natural resources and cultural resources (particularly historic properties) of Portage contribute to the unique character and quality of life of the community. The Natural/Cultural Resources Element of this Comprehensive Plan provides essential information to help preserve natural, historic, and cultural resources for the maximum benefit and enjoyment of all. Development review guidelines addressing natural , historic, and cultural resources are found in Chapter 3. B. NATURAL RESOURCES 1. Soils The majority of soils within Portage pose minor constraints on development. In general, loam, sandy loam and loamy sand soils are most common. Loamy soils are found primarily in the northern one-half of the City, sandy loam most commonly in the southeast quadrant, and loamy sand soils predominately in the City's southwest quadrant. These soils are, for the most part, well-drained. Physical limitations to development, when it occurs, exist because of excessive slopes. On the other hand , organic soils offer the greatest physical constraint to development within the City of Portage. These soils are poorly drained and occur in depressional areas along creeks and around lakes. Accordingly, these soils coincide with the wetland and floodplain areas of the City. Severe limitations are attached to development on organic soils due to problems of drainage, low bearing capacity, and frost action commonly exhibited. Figure 5-1 shows poorly drained sand and loam, and organic soils that are a concern in project design and public development approval. ' T 2. Water Resources and Floodplains a. Lakes Seven lakes are located in Portage. Lakes account for 1,732 acres or 7.9 percent of Portage's geographic area. These include Austin, West and Hampton, as well as portions of Long, Gourdneck, Sugarloaf and Little Sugarloaf. The lakes have historically been and continue to be a valuable natural feature in the City. Thus, the protection of water quality is essential from the adverse impacts of stormwater runoff from urban development and wastewater leaching from on-site septic systems and sanitary sewer leaks. Best management priorities have been instituted to protect streams and bodies of water from stormwater soil erosion (Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control Act), and all structures within the City have been required to connect to the municipal sanitary sewer where available since 1988. T T T PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 5-1 �~ - . .......,,;;, / Nnltllmt /' r,/ COMPREHENSIVE PLAN "Yji~/\\ "\.<.J l >,<, i \ 1 y'i\ ''\..\ /,.,,\.' ~ \\ // 1/ i' _J~.J' '\j\ ,.. '" i.:: Figure 5:1 Soils 1"=3500' POORLY DRAINED SAND - POORLY DRAINED LOAM -ORGANIC - - Source: Comprehensive Plan: Natural Resources; City of Portage; August, 1991 . 5-2 �7 7 7 7 7 7 7 1 Floodplains b. In addition to the water quality concerns associated with urban development adjacent to streams and lakes, there are also safety and property damage concerns associated with the flooding of streams and lakes. Figure 5-2 identifies the flood-prone areas of the City associated with the 100-year floodplain where only agricultural, recreational, and utility uses are permitted. The fldod-prone areas are identified by the Portage Creek Flood Hazard Analysis 1 and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Flood Hazard Boundary Maps. 3. Land Resources In addition to substantial water resources, Portage contains significant areas of land that have remained relatively undisturbed . (See Figure 5-3). Collectively, these areas are not only significant in size but also demonstrate a wide variety of natural habitats. Several kinds of grassland, forest, and wetland communities can be identified in these areas. Such environmental diversification results in a wide array of wildlife that inhabit the City of Portage including a number of rare plants and animals. In addition, significant populations of game animals, such as deer and pheasant, can be found, These areas serve a multitude of needs for the community simultaneously. They can provide educational, recreational, aesthetic, and wildlife preservation benefits with minimal development or maintenance costs. Natural areas are primarily located in the southwestern quadrant of the City, although several are located in the north-central and southeastern sections. The southwest quadrant can be classified into three primary locations demonstrating significant natural resources. These include the Hampton Lake area, the Sugarloaf area, and Bishop's Bog Preserve. The Hampton and Sugarloaf lands are primarily under State ownership and are used as game areas. Bishop's Bog Preserve is a wetland area under public and multiple private ownership. In the southeast quadrant, Mandigo Marsh and the West Lake Nature Preserve also demonstrate significant and unique natural resources. Both of these areas are under public ownership. 4. Sensitive Land Areas The City of Portage completed a sensitive land areas inventory in November of 1995 to improve its capability in considering natural resources protection during development review and long-term planning and zoning processes. Figure 5-4 identifies lands within the City where there are unique or otherwise important resources, or where human activities could adversely impact resources on adjacent lands. 1 Few Michigan cities contain the quality and diversity of wetlands found in the City of Portage. One hundred sixtyone individual wetland complexes were identified within the City which include forested wetlands, marshes, bogs, fens, and wet· meadows representing all of the important types found in Southern Michigan. In addition to threatened plant and animal species in some of the wetland complexes, the wetlands are also important to local groundwater recharge and as wildlife habitat. The sensitive land areas include: l l 1. All wetlands larger than five acres or connected with a lake, pond, or stream are protected under the state's Goemaere-Anderson Wetland Protection Act. This state law prohibits filling, dredging, or draining of the wetlands without a permit; however, it does not prohibit other types of alternatives such as tree and brush removal. l l 1 Flood Hazard Analysis, Portage Creek, Kalamazoo County, Michigan U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 5-3 �- COMPREHENSIVE PLAN - .. Figure 5: 2 iI Flood Plains 1"=3500' FLOOD PLAINS - - - - J I • U;2ii • ~~~ Jf~ Source: Comprehensive Plan: Natural Resources; City of Portage; August, 1991. L..--------------------~---.;._---------------..1--------------5--4__________ �• COMPREHENSIVE PLAN • • Natural Areas - 1"=3500' - NATURAL AREAS - • • I ■ Source: Comprehensive Plan: Natural Resources; City of Portage; August, 1991 . �- - - .. COMPREHENSIVE PLAN t ~ \!I. SENSITIVE LAND AREAS INVENTORY I,.. g ... - - - - - Figure 5:4 1''=3500' Each Land Area Code Consists of Two Components: Land Classification Component and a Sensitivity Rating Component. LAND CLASSIFICATION: - - ---- D [!j EJ 400' STREAM CORRIDOR FLOOD PLAIN BOUNDARY WETLAND (SEE HIERARCHIAL CLASSIFICATIONS BELOW) SENSITIVITY RATING: 1 - HIGH SENSITIVITY VALUE: HIGH SENSITIVITY WETLANDS ~ 2 - MODERATE SENSITIVITY VALUE: MODERATE SENSITIVITY WETLANDS fi1 3 - LOW SENSITIVITY VALUE: LOW SENSITIVITY WETLANDS ~ - - - 5-6 �I I 2. All lands within 200 feet of a stream. Portage Creek and other streams within the City are protected from dredging and filling without a permit by the state's Inland Lakes and Streams Act. This law, along with the Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control Act, also restricts most construction activities within 500 feet of the stream' s ordinary high water mark. Surface water runoff from some types of developments is also controlled under the federal Clean Water Act as amended in 1987. 3. The JOO-year floodplain as delineated on the FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps. Although primarily aimed at discouraging potential loss of property due to floods , the FEMA-mapped floodplain also represents a topographically-defined area where activities could add sediment or other pollutants to Portage Creek or other water bodies in the City. Sensitive areas were ranked on a numerical scale of 1 to 3 as follows : 7 7 7 Areas containing or considered extremely important to protecting resources of City-wide importance. Loss or degradation of such an area would represent a significant reduction in the City's natural resources. 2. Lands with resources of local importance or serving as buffer areas protecting locally important resources. Loss or degradation of such an area would result in a significant reduction in a neighborhood ' s landscape diversity, and the cumulative loss of such areas could seriously reduce the City ' s natural resources base. 3. Areas containing natural resources of a type recognized by environmental planners and managers as generally important, or serving as buffer zones protecting important resources . Loss or degradation of such areas would not necessarily negatively impact the City's natural resources base, but certain construction/development activities in these areas could harm important resources. C. CULTURAL RESOURCES 1. Archaeological Sites The Potowatomi Indians are known to have inhabited Portage prior to the first settlers. They were related to the Ottawas and Chippewas farther north , and all three cultures are thought to be descended from the Algonquin tribe which inhabited large areas of New York and Canada. Portage was one of the favored areas of the Potowatomis because one of their larger villages, known as Indian Fields, was located in the vicinity of the Kalamazoo/Battlecreek International Airport. The village had the navigational advantage of falling on the basin divide of the Kalamazoo River and St. Joseph (of Lake Michigan) River. Because of the sensitivity of archaeological sites, only the general areas are shown in Figure 5-5 . An archaeologist should be consulted when construction occurs in any undisturbed areas, and should be contacted if artifacts are found during construction in previously distributed areas. 2. 7 7 7 7 7 I. Historical Sites Figure 5-5 shows 55 historic district homes/sites in the City of Portage. The homes not only serve as monuments to the past, but enrich the aesthetic quality of the City today . They offer unique contributions to the architectural quality and diversity of the community. The non-renewable nature of these cultural resources, however, reflects the need to ensure their preservation. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 5-7 �COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Historical and Archaeological Sites 1''=3500' LOCATION OF HISTORIC DISTICT HOMESLSITES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 - 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 VNiOER81LT 24 __) 25 ,..,______ ,, ~ I ' I! t! lj ~:;I ~3 ;!g 3 sl !ii ,{! ta~ 26 27 28 r ( ~, /';p 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 618 Schuring (c. 1910) 702 Schuring ( c. 1900) 904 Schuring (c. 1910) 1124 Schuring (1900 & 1920) 7334 Westnedge (c. 1913) 7119 Ooklond (c. 1850) 7706 lnnisbrook (1870) 8021 Oak (c. 1926) Centre Ave. at Shover Rd (1930) Portoge Groin Elevator 1612 Centre (c. 1900) 8643 Westnedge (1920) 2106 Forest (c. 1900) 8529 Sprinkle (1892) 8007 Cox's Dr. District IJ6 School (1927) 9844 Sprinkle (c. 1850) 9426 Westnedge (1870) 2112 Vanderbilt (1878) 10219 Ooklond District 118 School (1856) 922 Osterhout (1853) 703 Osterhout ( 1920) 10630 Portage (c. 1900) 704 Bacon (1870) 506 Bacon District 1/7 School (c. 1860) 10327 Westnedge Portage South Cemetery (1858) 10209 Portage (1870) 2663 Mandigo (1865) 10234 East Shore (c. 1918) barns (c. 1880) ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES - \0 t3 ~~~ ( , 4415 Mflhom (1895) 5830 Portoge (1850) 2027 E. MIiham Indian Fields Cemetery (1832) 1617 Milham (1850) 1324 MIiham (1846) 5720 Oaklond (1873) 5134 Oakland (c. 1890) 5719 Angling (1852) 5029 Angllng (c. 1890) 5260 Angling (1868) 3910 Milham (1873) 3821 MIiham (1859) 6638 Angling (1870) 3321 Milham (1850) 6235 Oakland District #2 School (1864) 1705 Milham Dry Prairie Cemetery (1835) 4416 Milham (c. 1905) 1521 Centre (c. 1915) 903 Centre (1915) 515 Centre (1853) 309 Centre (1883) 214 Brown (c. 1900) 505 Centre ( 1927) 125 Centre Masonic Temple (1930) 7737 Westnedge Portage Centrol Cemetery (1894) 408 Schuring (c. 1915) 524 Schuring (c. 1920~ 530 Schuring (c. 1920 '\ (I \ - SENSITIVE ZONE - POTENTIAL SITES Source: Comprehensive Resources; of_ Portage; August, .__ ___ _ _ _ _ _Plan: _ _Natural ___ _ _ _ City __ ___ _ _ 1991 _ _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _..__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _...,,.1!!1'5-~8 -• _ _ _ _ __ . �r "', ti ' A. CHAPTER 6: RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE OVERVIEW The recreation and open space plan consists of two major components that are further stratified by size and purpose for the parks and open space: 1. The local service component including mini-parks, neighborhood parks and playgrounds, community parks, and open spaces (such as locally maintained preserves and greenways); and 2. The regional service component, including regional parks maintained by the City of Portage and regional reserves. The recreation and open space plan is illustrated in Figure 6-1 and the classification of parks and open spaces appears in Table 6-1. B. EXISTING LOCAL PARKS AND OPEN SPACES The City of Portage and the Portage Public Schools cooperatively meet the local outdoor recreational needs and demands of the community through parks and the dual use of school properties. The following presents an overview of facility utilization by classification of recreational area. 1. Neighborhood Parks/Playgrounds Neighborhood parks provide playground facilities for young children and court sports (e.g., basketball, tennis, vo11ey ba11) facilities . Elementary school sites constitute a portion of the neighborhood parks and playgrounds in the City. Eight elementary school sites are used extensively for community recreation at large: Amberly, Angling Road, Central Elementary, Haverhill, Lake Center, Moorsbridge, Waylee and Woodland. Creative playgrounds have been developed at Amberly, Angling Road, Central, Moorsbridge and Haverhill schools. These eight sites of two to three acres each are also used intensively for youth soccer, softba11, baseba11 and footbal1 practices. The Portage Community Education Center also serves as a neighborhood playground. The five middle school and high school facilities are also utilized as neighborhood parks, playgrounds and indoor recreation sites: Central Middle (6 acres), North Middle (6 acres), West Middle (8 acres), Northern High, and Central High. Neighborhood parks under the City jurisdiction include Haverhill (4 acres), Lexington Green (23 acres), Oakland Drive (19 acres), and Westfield (12 acres) Parks. Only Lexington Green is used for a scheduled activity/craft center during the summer. A11 parks record heavy use from the neighborhood and adjacent community, and have asketba11, tennis, playgrounds and picnic facilities . In addition, Oakland Drive Park and Westfield Park have softba11 and soccer fields. The newest neighborhood park, Oakland Drive Park, also features a natural ice rink and sledding hill . PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE Pl.AN UPDATE: MASTER Pl.AN REPORT (FINAL) 6-1 �~ - -- / 8'J1U Cl(I). COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Figure 6: 1 Recreation and Open Space Plan 1''=3500' RECREATION II - PUBLIC PARKS • PUBLIC SCHOOLS WITH PARK COMPONENT PUBLIC RECREATION AREAS EXISTING PROPOSED NEIGHBORHOOD PARK COMMUNITY PARK - REGIONAL PARK - OPEN SPACE LOCAL - - LLLLLL:i::u_ LLLLLLLLLL J LLLLLLLLL~· LLL--LLLLLL ·. LLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLL LLLLLL._L L ' I l GREENWAY I·- --~--~--' 100 YEAR FLOODPLAIN/FLOOD HAZARD AREA I ,:=.J. __:. Ii L,l,K( �2. Community Parks The community parks provide for the recreational needs of the larger community and include field sports (e.g., baseball, softball, football, soccer) facilities in addition to the facilities commonly found at neighborhood parks. South Westnedge Park ' (30 acres) is the most heavily used community park because of six regulation softball diamonds. Portage Central Park (12 acres) is a popular site for passive recreation and cultural activities. Overlooking Portage Creek, Central Park includes a picnic shelter/restroom building, a multi-purpose play structure and a community bandshell. The park is regularly used for informal and scheduled picnics and is the home of the popular Community Bandshell Summer Entertainment Series. The park has no courts or field areas for sports. Similar to other City parks, Lakeview Park (24 acres) has been much improved within the last five years with the addition of a basketball court, multi-purpose play structure and floating platforms and boardwalks that provide shore fishing opportunities on Austin Lake and the inter-lake channel. Other facility improvements include restroom and picnic shelter renovations, and upgrades to the softball diamond and tennis courts. Lakeview Park will continue to receive increased use due to facility improvements and new shore fishing opportunities. r Schrier Park (20 acres park and 36 acres open space) has primarily been maintained in its natural state to emphasize the wooded trails and old orchard open space prevalent in this park. Recent improvements have included pavilion/restroom renovation, new parking areas, and improved trails. A multi-purpose play structure and large open space are also available for public enjoyment. Schrier Park is the site of the Apple Fest and Haunted Forest special events during the month of October. Schrier Park is used primarily for informal picnics, hiking, nature study and cross-country skiing. The enclosed pavilion is also used extensively. The park has no courts or field areas for sports. 3. Open Space Areas In addition to the northern portion of Schrier Park (36 acres), three established open space/natural areas are under City jurisdiction: West Lake Nature Preserve, the Bishop's Bog Preserve, and Mandigo Swamp. West Lake Nature Preserve has received $150,000 of Recreation Bond and Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund (MNRTF) funding to spur the development of an entry road, parking, playground, picnic shelter/restroom building, upland and wetland trails totaling one and one-half miles and related amenities. Future plans include additional trail development, an interpretive center and low impact boat landing area along the West Lake shoreline. Although West Lake Nature Preserve has become a popular site for passive recreation and nature study, with proper planning overuse does not appear to be a problem. Bishop's Bog Preserve is a 150-acre site north and northwest of Schrier Park. 130 acres were donated by the Jansma, Dekkinga and Bos families . Bishop's Bog, the largest "relict" bog in southern Michigan, has been registered with the Nature Conservancy. It is uncommon for this type of bog which harbors a number of rare plants to be found in southern Michigan. Perimeter trails will allow for passive nature study without disturbing this truly unique environment, and have been scheduled for development by late 1996. Mandigo Marsh is a historically well-known wetland area on the southwest corner of Austin Lake. A large portion of Mandigo Marsh was purchased within the past year by the City of Portage to ensure its permanent protection. Comprising about 40 acres, the marsh is home to a wide variety of marshland birds and other types of waterfowl, and harbors an unusual assembly of plants that are peculiar to this area. Mandigo Marsh has been classified by the Nature Conservancy as an example of a coastal plain marsh community historically common to the Atlantic coast. The community and many of its characteristic plant and animal species are themselves far removed -- often thousands of miles -- from their main range along the Atlantic coast, as a fluke of early plant migration and changes in geologic and weather conditions. Many of these species are listed by the State of Michigan and are protected under the Michigan Endangered Species Act. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 6-3 �r - C. EXISTING REGIONAL PARKS AND PRESERVES 1. Regional Parks Portage Creek Bicentennial Park (PCBP) is a highlight of the Portage Park System. This 195-acre park is a two and one-half mile linear park running along Portage Creek. The park protects the sensitive environment of the Portage Creek basin and offers residents many opportunities to enjoy the creek - from overlook decks to canoeing. The park has no courts or areas for sports, but rather emphasizes special facilities for the region. Featured attractions include over two miles of hiking and biking trails, one-quarter mile of wetland deck trail, two waterfront overlooks, the Milham A venue activity area with playground and picnic areas, and the Celery Flats Interpretive Center and Historical Area. The Celery Flats Interpretive Center highlights the celery heritage of Portage and Kalamazoo County as the Celery Capital of the world between 1890 and 1930. The Livery near Celery Flats offers canoe and bicycle surrey rentals. The Celery Flats Historical Area includes four relocated and restored structures of historic significance to the community: the 1856 schoolhouse providing educational programs for school children, the Hayloft Theatre providing cultural opportunities through plays and programs in the summer, the Grain Elevator available for group use and serving as an ice skating and a warming house for Celery Flats, and the Stuart Manor (built in 1846) used for group meetings. The Celery Flats outdoor Amphitheater opened in 1995 and hosts additional cultural arts events. Located on Long Lake, Ramona Park consisting of 67 acres, is the most heavily used park in the City system due to swimming, beach and fishing facilities plus numerous courts (volleyball, basketball, and tennis), field sport areas (softball , football , and soccer) and picnic areas. In addition to the two regional parks (Portage Creek Bicentennial Park and Ramona Park) maintained by the City of Portage, there are five regional parks outside the City of Portage maintained by others -- Prairie View Park on Gourdneck Lake to the south of Portage, Coldbrook Park in Charleston Township, Scotts Mill Park on the east edge of Pavilion Township, the Kalamazoo County Center Building and Recreation Park between Lake Street and King Highway Drive, and River Oaks Park on the east edge of Comstock Township. The lake areas are of prime recreational importance in the City of Portage because they provide opportunities for water-related activities not generally found in an urbanized setting. There are seven lakes fully or partially within the City of Portage. Hampton Lake is difficult to access for water-related activities. Public access sites (boating launches) owned by the State of Michigan are found on Austin Lake, Long Lake and Sugarloaf Lake. Gourdneck Lake is accessible through a small channel from Hogset Lake which has public access at Prairie View Park. The West Lake Nature Preserve provides public access to the west end of West Lake, but does not provide water access for water-related activities, even though the boating occurs on the lake from private properties. 3. State Game Preserves The Gourdneck State Game area (of nearly 1,555 acres in Portage) is located in southwest Portage from Centre Avenue into Schoolcraft Township to the south. The game area consists of three separate tracts in Portage. The primary tract south of Vanderbilt Avenue is separated from two smaller tracts on Centre Avenue by private property on the north side of Vanderbilt A venue and around Hampton Lake. The two smaller tracts along Center A venue are likewise separated by private property between Centre A venue and Hampton Lake. PORTAGE C OMPREHENSI VE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FINAL) 6-4 �- r r D. FUTURE RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE NEEDS I. Park Land Needs Tirrough application of established recreation standards (Tables 6-1 and 6-2) and an examination of facility utilization and populatioR forecasts future recreational needs were determined for land and facilities as shown in Table 6-3 and 6-4. At the local service level, there is a need for up to 130 acres of additional neighborhood park land and there may be a need for at least 150 acres of community park land after the year 2000. Facility standards also suggest the need for 200 acres of additional regional park land and the development of a community recreation center/auditorium. Needs in these areas will increase with time, as will land costs and pressures for development. To ensure adequate provision of future recreational areas in the most cost-effective manner, an acquisition program for additional recreation acreage is a part of this planning and programming effort. Due to the large average residential lot size, there is no apparent need for mini-parks or tot lots. With respect to neighborhood park/playground areas, development trends suggest continued expansion of residential uses primarily in the northwest and southeast quadrants of the City. As such, additional acreage for such facilities should be oriented to these areas. The area expected to have the greatest need is the area north of Centre Avenue between US13 l and S. Westnedge Avenue. Priority should, therefore, be oriented to the establishment of a neighborhood playground/park in this area. With the exception of the City' s northwest quadrant, any additional community park acreage should be acquired adjacent to existing community park facilities. Continued centralization of these areas is seen as providing an opportunity for the provision of greater diversity of programs while at the same time providing for more effective and efficient park maintenance. If the State of Michigan should declare any portion of the Gourdneck State Game Preserve surplus, the game preserve should be retained as a regional park to the south of Vanderbilt Avenue. 2. Open Space Needs Although no specific standards exist for the evaluation of open space areas, the preservation of natural areas is of prime importance in any urbanizing region. Many existing open space areas in the City are experiencing pressures of urbanization. Maintenance of these areas in their natural state offers significant benefits to the community at large. If planned wisely, these areas may serve a variety of functions from recreational to flood control. If neglected, pressures of increased urbanization could result in their degradation and destruction. Neglect of these open spaces and natural areas may also result in exceptional monetary costs to the public for the provision and maintenance of necessary facilities to support their development. Protection of these areas should, therefore, be of utmost concern in future development and budget considerations. Portage Creek Bicentennial Park does much in terms of preservation for the environmentally sensitive creek basin areas of the City. The Park has been designed primarily along the floodplain areas of Portage Creek. The Park extends south from Milham Avenue to approximately the Shaver Road/South Westnedge intersection. Portage Creek is a natural drainageway for major portions of the City. Portage Creek Bicentennial Park preserves a portion of this drainageway and serves to prevent severe environmental degradation. As the development of the City progresses, ever increasing amounts of runoff will be carried by the Creek. By preserving lands along the creek, a filter of vegetation and space for control facilities can be maintained. Preservation for public benefit of the basin area southwest (to Hampton Lake) and north (to City limits at Kilgore Road) should be considered. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 6-5 �r f Table 6-1 PARK AREA AND OPEN SPACE STANDARDS Comeonent f r r r r Use Service Area Desirable Size Acres 1,000 Poeulation Desirable Site Characteristics LOCAL CLOSE-TOHOME SPACE l. Mini-Park Specialized facilities that serve a concentrated or limited population or specific group such as tots or senior citizens. Less than 1/4 mile radius I acre or less 0.25 to 0.5A 2. Neighborhood Park/Playground Neighborhood multi-purpose areas serving the needs for intense recreational activities such as field games, court games, playground apparatus areas, skating, wading pools, etc., as well as passive recreational pursuits like picnicking, walking, sitting, viewing, etc. l /4 - 1/2 mile radius to serve a population up to 5,000 (a neighborhood) 4 - 15 + acres 2to4A 3. Community park Area of diverse environmental quality. May include areas suited for intense recreational facilities, such as athletic complexes. large swimming pools . May be an area of natural quality for outdoor recreation, such as walking, viewing, sitting, picnicking. May be any combination of the above, depending upon site suitability and community need. Several neighborhoods. I - 2 mile radius 25+ acres 5.0 to 8.0A May include natural features , such as water bodies and areas suited for intense development. Easily accessible to neighborhood served. 4. Open Space/ Parkways/ Environmental Areas Open space and environmentally sensitive areas within the local community serving as preservation zones for certain animal and plant species and/or as buffers between various land types. No applicable standard Sufficient to service desired uses variable Environmentally sensitive areas such as floodplains , watersheds, etc., serving as preservation zones for certain plant and animal species. Open space areas serve as buffers between various land use types. r Within civic areas or neighborhoods which are in close proximity to apartment complexes, townhouse development. or housing for the elderly. Suited for intense development. Easily accessible to neighborhood population, geographically centered with safe walking and bike access. May be developed as a school/park facility . REGIONAL SPACE 5. Regional/ Metropolitan Park Area of natural or ornamental quality for outdoor recreation such as picnicking, boating, fishing, swimming, camping & trail uses - may include play areas . Several communities. hour driving time 200+ acres 5.0to JO.QA 6. Regional Park Reserve Area of natural quality for natureoriented outdoor recreation such as viewing and studying nature, wildlife habitat, conservation, swimming, picnicking, hiking, fishing, boating, camping & trail uses . May include active play areas . Generally 80 percent of the land is reserved for conservation and natural resource management, with less than 20 percent used for recreation development. Several communities . hour driving time 1,000+ acres variable Contiguous to or encompassing natural resources . Diverse or unique natural resources such as lakes, streams, marshes, flora, fauna, and topography. Source: "Recreation and Open Space Plan," City of Portage, Michigan; February, 1994. T f. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 6-6 �r r r rf f f - r f f Table 6-2 FACILITY STANDARDS CITY OF PORT AGE Requirement Facility 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Softball Diamonds Baseball Diamonds Football Fields Soccer Fields Tennis Courts Outdoor Pools Recreation Center Auditorium Local Park Land Archery Ranges (a) Outdoor Basketball Courts (b) Bicycle Trail Golf Course (a) Outdoor Ice Rink Picnic Areas Playgrounds (b) Rifle Range (a) Shotgun Range (a) Boat Launches Fishing Access Cross-Country Ski Trails Hiking Trails Nature Trails Nature Areas Swimming Beaches (a) Includes private clubs. 1 Diamond/5,000 persons 1 Diamond/20,000 persons 1 Field/10,000 persons 1 Field/7 ,000 persons 1 Court/2,000 persons 1 Pool/40,000 persons 1 Center/40,000 persons 1 Facility/40,000 persons 10 Acres/1,000 persons 1 Range/50,000 persons 1 Court/5,000 persons 1 Mile/40,000 persons 1 Course/25,000 persons 1 Rink/20,000 persons 1 Table/200 persons 1 Facility/3,000 persons 1 Range/50,000 persons 1 Range/50,000 persons 1 Parking Space/400 persons 1,000 Feet/1,000 persons 1 Mile/10,000 persons 1 Mile/5,000 persons 1 Mile/20,000 persons 1 Facility/50,000 persons 1 Facility/50,000 persons (b) Does not include school facilities . Source: "Recreation and Open Space Plan," City of Portage, Michigan; February, 1994. r r. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (frNAL) r 6-7 �Table 6-3 TOT AL PARK REQUIREMENTS 1995-2020 CITY OF PORTAGE r City of Portage T r f r r r r f f = 41,042 = 42,493 = 44,052 = 45,782 = 47,511 = 49,269 = 51,027 1990 Population 1995 Projected Population 2000 Projected Population 2005 Projected Population 2010 Projected Population 2015 Projected Population 2020 Projected Population Tvoe Neighborhood Park/ Playground (with schools) Community Park Open Space (with State Game Area) Regional Park (with County Parks) Existing 1995 2000 2010 2015 2020 1994 Required Acreaee 85-170 Required Acreaee 90-175 Required Acreage 95-190 Required Acreaee 100-200 Required AcreaJ!e 100-205 210-340 220-350 240-380 245-395 260-410 Acreage 58 Total Additional Acreage Required Recommended Additional Acreage Needed 1990-2020 2015 0-150 130 170-320 150 0-200 200 (97) 86 276 (1956) 262 Required acreage varies according to needs. No applicable standards. 210-425 220-440 240-475 245-495 260-510 (1500) Source: The Corradino Group "Recreation and Open Space Plan," City of Portage, Michigan; February, 1994. f T T PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPOATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FINAL) 6-8 �T T:Jble 6-4 TOT AL FACILITY REQUIREMENTS Total Total Existing Facilities 1995 Required 2000 Required Required Baseball 0 2 2 2 Softball 12 8 9 JO Football Fields 2 4 4 5 Soccer Fields 7 6 6 7 Tennis Courts 13 21 22 24 Outdoor Pools 0 I I I Recreation Center 0 I I I Auditorium 0 I I I 443 acres 425 440 475 Archery Ranges I I I I Basketball (Outdoor) 12 8 9 JO Bicycle Trails 4 miles I I I Bikeways 26 miles T Facility T. T T Local Park Land* 2 2 2 2 Ice Rinks 3 2 2 2 Picnic Tables 175 212 220 230 Playgrounds 12 14 15 16 Shotgun Ranges I I I I 66 105 ] JO 119 29,000 ft. 42,500 44,000 47,500 Hiking Trails 7 miles 8 9 JO X-Country Ski Trails 5 miles 4 4 5 Nature Trails 4 miles 2 2 2 1 1 I 1 Fishing Access Swimming Beaches T T T T Total 2020 Golf Courses Boat Launch Parking l 1995-2020 Note: Existing facilities do not include school facilities or independent youth sports facilities . *Includes neighborhood, community and regional parks, excludes preserves (286 acres). Source: City of Portage PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT ( FINAL) 6-9 �1 1 1 1 -, l ., -, -, -, -, l l With the purchase of the West Lake Nature Preserve, the City has public access to West Lake. The West Lake Improvement Association has also been active with respect to the West Lake area. The West Lake Nature Preserve, Bishop's Bog Preserve and Schrier Park properties create a large green space corridor through the south-central portion of the community. Bishop' s Bog Preserve is a large natural area. In addition to environmental protection of this sensitive resource, this property can also serve for low impact hiking trails that can connect to adjoining park facilities. The City of Portage's recent acquisition of Mandigo Swamp on the southwest corner of Austin Lake ensures preservation of a well-known historic wetland of high sensitivity. 3. Most water bodies within Portage are suffering the effects of over-development. Not only has extensive development infringed upon the quality of many lakes, but also limited the number of public access points. At present, state-owned facilities provide boat access to Austin Lake, Long Lake, and Sugarloaf Lake . Gourdneck Lake is accessible from Prairie View Park on Hogset Lake. Hampton Lake has no developed public access, and a developed public access is believed unwarranted due to the small size of the lake. In addition to City preservation and restoration activities, three lake areas in particular are the prime importance with respect to the provision of future recreational opportunities. Bordering on Austin Lake, Lakeview Park holds substantial potential for development of additional public access facilities. A seawall/boardwalk and permanent fishing platform have been constructed to enhance the view of the lake and provide additional opportunities for passive recreation. The West Lake Nature Preserve provides similar recreational opportunities to the City. Being the only remaining undeveloped area bordering West Lake and an environmentally sensitive area, several concerns have been met with the acquisition of this property. Appropriate preservation and development projects associated with this property have been initiated. The increased popularity of fishing, boating and swimming activities being experienced throughout the region is indicative of the need for additional areas for water-related activities. In addition, the preservation of City-wide water resources is of the utmost concern. Therefore, projects designed to both increase public utility and relieve the lake areas from existing or further developmental pressures are of high priority. Through acquisition of lakefront and/or floodplain properties, the City may more adequately guard against new development. Reserving these areas for passive recreational activities or designating them as conservation areas will aid in improving the environmental quality of the City and the region. 4. l l Lake Area Needs Recreational Facility Needs For current and projected populations to the year 2000, Portage has sufficient facilities to meet the State of Michigan opportunity standards for: nature areas, outdoor ice rinks, ball diamonds/fields, basketball courts, swimming beaches, archery and gun ranges, and golf courses. By State standards, Portage is deficient in local park acreage, hiking/ski trails, playgrounds, picnic tables, fishing access, boat launch parking, outdoor swimming pools and tennis courts. The need for more intensive development of existing recreational areas also appears to be of immediate urgency. Facility utilization information and established facility standards clearly indicate a need for recreational facility development. With the increased demand for school gymnasium space, a prime deficiency is that of a Recreation Center facility . Thus, the provision of adult indoor team sports programs are severely limited due to lack of public gymnasium space. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE Pl.AN UPDATE: MASTER Pl.AN REPORT (FINAL) 6-10 �1 l Continued population growth accounts for the population outstripping City recreation facilities . These deficiencies may be addressed in two ways : 1 1 -, 1 -, 7 -, l Purchase of new acreage and continued development of the local park acreage should address the hiking/ ski 'trails, playgrounds and picnic table deficiencies. b. Access to the school systems pools, tennis courts and playgrounds and County park beaches and trails are deemed sufficient to meet local deficiencies for the foreseeable future. State recreation standards for sledding hills, horseback riding trails, linear footage of fishing access, campgrounds and recreational vehicle trails/areas are held to be inappropriate for the City of Portage because of the lack of appropriate terrain and/or dense urban development. These recreation opportunities are more appropriately addressed at the County level. E. FUTURE RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Neighborhood and Community Parks a. Neighborhood Parks Based on projected population to the year 2015, there is a need for up to I 30 acres of additional park acreage ignoring the 39 acres of playgrounds at Portage Public Schools (at four acres per 1,000 persons). If school playgrounds continue to be available to the general public, the need for additional park acreage drops to about 90 acres. With most of the residential growth anticipated to occur in the northwest and southeast quadrants of the City, additional acreage for neighborhood parks should be focused on these areas. Because neighborhood parks serve recreation needs within one-half mile of the park, the spacing of neighborhood parks is more important than the expansion of existing neighborhood parks to ensure adequate coverage. Moreover, existing neighborhood parks are landlocked such that expansion would be difficult. Although general sites for neighborhood parks have not been identified, existing land owned by the City of Portage may first be evaluated for adequacy as neighborhood park sites before acquiring private property. If the primary tract of the Gourdneck State Game area south of Vanderbilt A venue is declared surplus, there would be neighborhood park facilities in any park developed there. b. Community Parks There is a projected need for up to 150 acres of additional community parkland. With the exception of the City's northwest quadrant, any additional community park acreage should be acquired adjacent to existing community park facilities for economies of scale in the maintenance of park space and in the delivery of programs. l General sites have not been identified for new community parks; however, vacant land abuts all three community parks. Although community parks usually serve a neighborhood park function, only Lakeview Park has the playground and court facilities to serve that function . Schier Park has a playground, but lacks the play courts found at neighborhood parks and the play fields found at community parks. South Westnedge Park has neither playground nor play courts characteristic of neighborhood parks. Finally, Portage Central Park at only 12 acres is undersized for a community park, lacks the play fields of a community park, and lacks the play courts of a neighborhood park. l l If the primary tract of the Gourdneck State Game Preserve area south of Vanderbilt A venue is declared surplus, there l would be community park facilities in any park developed there. 2. l a. I Open Space There are no specific standards for open space; however, the preservation of natural areas is important to an urbanizing area. Further, there are significant environmentally sensitive areas in Portage associated with wetlands. l PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 6-11 �l l l 7 7 7 1 7 l 7 7 a. The Comprehensive Plan recommends that all wetlands and flood hazard areas be preserved in the Gourdneck State Game Area in the event any portion of the game area is declared surplus, and that the primary tract of the game preserve south of Vanderl:µlt Avenue become a regional park if the State declares the property surplus. The Comprehensive Plan further recommends the expansion of the Portage Creek Bicentennial Park northbound from Milham A venue to Kilgore Road to protect Portage Creek and its associated wetlands. b. l Green ways The Comprehensive Plan recommends the creation of greenways to preserve open space, to protect environmentally sensitive areas associated with wetlands and the flood hazard areas along creeks, and to link the park and nature preserve areas of the community. Because greenways may involve utility easements and natural drainage ways across private property and public access across private property is not appropriate, greenways have not been identified on private property . Because of the quasi-public nature of the Consumers Power property from 12th Street south of Milham Avenue eastward through the City to the east City limits north of Centre Avenue, this is the only designated greenway. The Consumers Power Greenway corridor runs from 12th Street south of Milham A venue eastward to Crossroads Mall. There is a gap in the Consumers Power property through Crossroads Mall to west of the Conrail tracks where the Consumers Power property begins on the west side of the Portage Creek Bicentennial Park, crosses the park, Conrail tracks and Portage Creek, and follows the east side of the Portage Creek Bicentennial Park from Portage Creek to Garden Lane. The gap east of Crossroads Mall may be filled by using the easement of the high tension power lines from Westnedge Avenue to the Consumers Power property west of the Bicentennial Park. The gre~nway would continue along the Consumers Power property from the Portage Creek Bicentennial Park at Lovers Lane along the south Pharmacia-Upjohn property line to Portage Road just north of Centre Avenue. A gap in the Consumers Power property exists between Portage Road and the Conrail tracks west of Sprinkle Road that must be filled on the north side of Centre Avenue. Then, the Consumers Power property runs from the Conrail tracks to the east City limits. Further study is recommended to develop the greenway concepts and determine appropriate public access, if any, along the corridors. 3. 7 New Open Space Regional Parks There is a projected need for 200 acres of additional regional park land. If the primary tract of the Gourdneck State Game Area south of Vanderbilt Avenue is declared surplus, consideration should be given to designating a new regional park for passive and active recreation purposes, including facilities found in neighborhood and community parks. l l l l l , PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 6-12 �T T T T T T: T T T 1 T T T l T CHAPTER 7: ECONOMY/MARKETPLACE A. INTRODUCTION The economic development m1tiat1ves of the community are crucial to the preservation and expansion of employment opportunities within the community and to the achievement of the use of the physical resources as envisioned in the Comprehensive Plan. The paramount market place goal of the Comprehensive Plan is "sensible and sustainable, high quality, economic growth and development of a kind consistent with a diversified economy and with environmental protection and at a pace supportable by the community' s existing and reasonably anticipated future infrastructure. Associated goals and objectives of the Comprehensive Plan speak to: • Concentrating office, commercial and industrial development in designated areas to enable marketing, business expansion, the provision of infrastructure, and compatibility with surrounding uses . • Strengthening Portage Commerce Square. • Concentrating general commercial development in the Westnedge Avenue and Portage Road corridors. • Encouraging the development of the West Centre Avenue corridor for corporate and regional offices, high-tech facilities and research-driven activities. • Focusing industrial development in the Sprinkle and Shaver Road corridors. • Creating specialized business parks. • Identifying industrial opportunities associated with the Kalamazoo/Battle Creek International Airport. • Coordinating infrastructure improvements in location and time to sustain economic expansion in designated areas and corridors. • Ensuring public programs, incentives, regulations and taxation policies are consistent with development and environmental goals. • Pursuing regional cooperation for an attractive business climate and efficient delivery of business support services. • Recruiting businesses that are environmentally sensitive and that expand economic diversity. Accordingly, the Land Use Element with its Future Land Use Pattern and other elements of the Comprehensive Plan have been developed to achieve these goals and objectives. Thus, the Economy/Market Place Element describes the interface between these element and economic development initiatives to achieve the future vision for the community as set forth in the goals and objectives of the Comprehensive Plan Update . PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE Pi.AN UPDATE: MASTER Pi.AN REPORT ( FINAL) 7-1 �T T T T T T T l T B. FOUNDATION A knowledge of the structure and vitality of a community's economy is fundamental to land use planning. The makeup and general health of an urban economy are key considerations in gauging the rate and amount of land development which is likely to occur in almost every facet of the community. An expanding economy creates new employment opportunities which attract people and results in an increased population. Collectively, a growing economy and population also place additional demands on the community in areas such as housing, schools, stores, community facilities and services. The following economic trends to the year 2015 establish the foundation for the economy and future land use patterns of the City of Portage (see Table 7-1 below): • A continuation of the modest employment growth (19.6 percent) over the next 20 years generating 6,441 new jobs. • A dominant Services Sector accounting for 31 .8 percent of the jobs, followed by the Retail Sector at 27 .8 percent and the Manufacturing Sector at 14.0 percent. • Maintenance of the proportional share of Kalamazoo County job growth at 23 percent. • The number of jobs in the City of Portage exceeds the City of Portage labor force by about 25 percent. • Yet, approximately one-third of the workers who live in the City of Portage will work in the City of Portage. • Thus, about 70 percent of the jobs in the City of Portage are filled by people who commute into the City. Table 7-1 ECONOMIC DIVERSITY T 1 1 T T T 2015 1990 Emolovment Sector Agricultural Services Construction Manufacturing Transportation, Communication & Utilities Wholesale Retail Finance, Insurance & Real Estate Service Local Government Farm, State & Federal Total Emolovment PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER Number 56 1,753 4,746 511 2,289 7,937 1,375 8,657 1,217 2,138 30,679 PLAN REPORT (FINAL) Percent 0.2 5.7 15.5 1.7 7.5 25 .9 4.5 28 .2 4.0 7.0 100 Number 76 2,356 5,126 687 3,077 10,188 1,849 11 ,640 1,636 2,744 39,379 Percent 0.2 6.0 13 .0 1.7 7.8 25 .9 4.7 29.6 4.2 7.0 100 7-2 �r T r T T T T T T C. WEAL TH AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT The purpose of economic development is the creation of wealth for an Economic Community (EC). Wealth is created when a positive "balance of trade" exists with all other Economic Communities. Products and services offered by the EC must be sold to other Economic Communities to produce currency. The wealth of a community is continuously being diminished through expenditures to purchase goods and services from other ECs, through nonproductive savings, through taxes sent to state and federal governments in excess of the value of investment in the community by those higher governments, and in many other ways. New currency must flow into the EC to replace that which is lost and to increase the wealth to provide for growth and enhanced quality of life. 1. Primary Jobs The important jobs in an EC are those which produce goods and services for export. Some of these are obvious such as most manufacturing jobs. Other are more subtle such as financial and legal services which might be "purchased" by those from outside the EC. And still others are contingent such as many retail and wholesale jobs which offer goods to purchasers both from within and from without the EC. These are the jobs that provide the wealth that gives the EC its financial viability. These are the jobs that must be retained, increased and attracted if the community is to grow and flourish . Other jobs provide goods and services to those within the EC and should be considered as essential services, such as most local government and private utility jobs, or as quality of life enhancing, such as restaurants, theaters, and so forth . As important as these jobs are to the community and its residents they simply redistribute the wealth that already exists in the community and each time it is redistributed some of it is lost. Unless some primary jobs bring more wealth into a community the number of theater tickets sold will not increase meaningfully regardless of the addition of new theaters. Government investment and support of jobs of this sort should be viewed as community development rather than economic development. 2. The Economic Community An economic community consists of those persons and businesses which look to a core community as the primary source of their needed goods and services. As one is farther removed from the core community it becomes more likely that one will turn to another, nearer, EC for such support. These purchasers then belong to the adjacent Economic Community. The importance of this concept is the recognition of the interdependence of the various cities, towns, and counties which make up an Economic Community. The Economic Community of which Portage is an important part extends nearly halfway to Lansing, halfway to Battle Creek, and halfway to the nearest competitor in each direction. Within the Portage/Kalamazoo Economic Community competition for employment is only important in so far as such employment provides tax revenues to the community where the jobs are located and places demands for services upon those communities. D. BUSINESS CLIMATE AND SUPPORT 1. Portage's Competitive Position T 1 l The primary advantage that Portage and the Portage/Kalamazoo Economic Community have as an employment site for primary jobs is location and access to transportation facilities. A well educated work force and the availability of good public utility services also will be viewed by potential employers as important pluses. a. Chicago and Detroit The central location between two of the nation's top ten metro areas in terms of exports, Chicago and Detroit provides opportunities for the establishment of suppliers to the exporters and manufacturers of these communities. Detroit is not only the home of the largest concentration of automotive manufacturers in the world, it is also the PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 7-3 �T T T T T T largest, and fastest growing, exporter of goods to foreign countries among the nation ' s metro areas. Its market potential and its appetite for suppliers is enormous and growing. In this era of minimal inventories and just-in-time deliveries Portage offers a location from which a company can reasonably expect to be COlflpetitive as a supplier to such time sensitive manufacturers. Additionally, its location offers access to numerous major markets and almost two-thirds of the nation's markets are within a one day's drive of the EC. b. Interstate 94 Portage' s location astride 1-94 is vital to its attractiveness to such employers. 1-94, between Detroit and Chicago, is arguably the nation's most important interstate corridor in terms of imports, exports, and the supply of intermediate manufactured materials to major industries. If this corridor is successful in its efforts to be designated as a NAFf A "Superhighway" it will ensure the prominent role of the communities along the corridor into the next century. In addition to 1-94 the Portage/Kalamazoo Economic Community has excellent access to the nearby north-south 1-69 and to I-96 which serves a more northern part of lower Michigan. c. T T T l T T T T us 131 Running through the west side of the City of Portage, the US 131 freeway is a major inter-urban route in the State of Michigan linking Portage as part of the Portage/Kalamazoo Economic Community to the Grand Rapids metropolitan area to the north and to southern Michigan and northern Indiana where Interstate 80/90 runs between Chicago and Toledo. 2. Economic Development Programs A wide variety of programs aimed at encouraging and supporting new and growing businesses are available to Portage employers. These include: • State Research Fund to aid businesses working with a college or university in developing a technology product. • State Venture Capital Fund to supplement private venture capital sources in supporting businesses with potential for high growth and profitability. • State Seed Capital program providing early-stage, high risk equity capital to Michigan entrepreneurs for startup activities and planning. • State Capital Access Program aiding businesses in accessing private financing with small amounts of public resources. • Business and Industrial Development Corporations to fill the gap between venture capital and equity financing. • SBA 504 Program offering long tern fixed rate financing for capital assets. • Michigan Strategic Fund offering tax-exempt and taxable bonds to promote economic activity. • Property Tax Abatements on new or rehabilitated industrial development projects. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPOA TE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 7-4 �T T T T T T l T T T T T 1 1 T T T T l • Business and Industry Development efforts of the Department of Community Development to work with companies on a case by case basis. • Tax Increment Financing for specified areas where public improvements are need as part of anticipated growth in private ,sector investment. • The Chamber of Commerce, Business Development Bureau, is a partnership of community leaders assisting new or expanding business and industry. This array of services and programs is exceptional in its breadth and organization and is a major asset in the development of new jobs. The City of Portage can help in the consideration of: • Bond financing alternatives through the Portage Economic Development Corporation; • State grant funding opportunities for public street improvements to support industrial development through the State of Michigan Transportation Economic Development Fund; • Industrial tax abatements for eligible manufacturing firms through the Michigan State Tax Commission; • Public water and sewer improvements which can be annually programmed m the City of Portage Capital Improvement Program; and • Development services including site plan review, building plan consultation, construction permitting and related assistance to facilitate timely project completion. 3. Financial Resources and Incentives In addition to the several programs listed above, the presence of a nearby regional banking center provides the access to capital that provides a climate for the establishment and nourishment of emerging new businesses and entrepreneurial ventures. More than a dozen banks ranging in size from First of America to First Savings Bank provide a full range of services and have the assets to work with all but the largest of employers. Very large employers typically bring their banking connections and financing arrangements with them from outside the community. Small and startup businesses provide more than half of all new primary jobs in most communities in the past five years. Most of these are suppliers to large purchasers of goods and services which have found it beneficial to "outsource" many functions of their earlier corporate panoply of services. The trend to "downsizing" has led to the creation of many successful startup companies. 4. Public Taxes and Regulations While many consulting firms rate Michigan as having a somewhat less friendly business environment that some southern and western states it is still true that the tax structure is not a significant deterrent to those companies which need access to the metro areas at either end of the 1-94 corridor. The tax rates must be balanced against a fine educational system, good public sector services, a relatively safe place in which to live and work, and continuing growth. On balance the impact of taxes and regulations is not a deterrent to job locations. The Single Business Tax (SBT), a value added tax with set limitations to encourage business development provides a generally acceptable level of taxation for most businesses. The absence of a Unitary Tax and an Inventory Tax is a plus when compared with many states and locales. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 7-5 �T T T T T T 1 T T T The 6 percent sales tax is not a disadvantage in today's business climate and the personal income tax flat rate is seen by many as cutting edge. Generally, this tax is only important in the case of companies bringing large numbers of high paid employees with them from outside since the tax is already part of life for those in the community seeking to be hired. , Portage property tax rates are not an important factor for the types of businesses which would make good prospects for Portage and the Economic Community. Nevertheless, the City of Portage is a desirable place for business relative to local taxes . The City of Portage maintains a low millage rate compared to other communities throughout the state and to adjacent communities in Southwest Michigan. A low tax rate is advantageous to existing and prospective businesses. The annual December 1995 survey of Michigan communities by the City of Portage shows that Portage has a very favorable millage rate. The Portage City Council approved an operating budget of $34.2 million and a capital improvement budget of $6.5 million. The 7 .0 mill general fund levy continues as one of the lowest millage rates in the history of the City and the total 11 .0 mill levy is a reduction compared to the 1994-95 budget levy. This fiscally prudent budget continues a broad range of essential municipal services which, together, help create "A Place for Opportunities to Grow." In the City of Portage, property values represent this balance in 1995. A solid foundation has emerged between residential, commercial and industrial property in the community. The residential property component represents approximately one-half of the property in the community at 53 percent. The approximately one-half of all property remaining consists of commercial property ($230 million, representing 20%) and industrial property ($299 million representing 27%). The residential property component represents a large resident-consumer population and the commercial industrial components represent a significant employee-consumer population--both are important to the success of the business community. 5. Utilities The City of Portage maintains a low millage rate compared to other communities in Southwest Michigan and across the State. While a low tax rate is advantageous to business, low utility rates -- what businesses pay for City provided water and sewer services -- are also beneficial. The City of Portage has decreased utility rates 16 percent since 199 I -- very competitive rates for utilities when compared with rates of other communities in Michigan. 6. Business Maintenance, Attraction, and Retention Kalamazoo County has a very aggressive approach to monitoring the satisfaction of its existing businesses and a generally supportive environment for economic developers attempting to attract new jobs. There is a strong sense of community involvement by major business leaders that encourages new site locations. E. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES 1. Physical Sites and Facilities Portage has a major advantage for those businesses which would consider the Portage/Kalamazoo Economic Community as a site for business location or relocation. The two major jurisdictions with a full range of public services and good access to business services are Portage and Kalamazoo. Apart from the redevelopment of a number of "brown field" industrial sites, Kalamazoo has many fewer site options than does Portage. 1 T T T 2. Office Development Opportunities There are two major office corridors in the City of Portage -- Milham A venue and Centre A venue. a. Milham A venue Office Corridor The Milham Avenue Office Corridor runs from Oakland Drive to Portage Road, and the office along Lovers Lane from Ramona A venue is functionally related to the Milham A venue uses (see Figure 7-1 ). The combined Milham A venue/Lovers Lane office corridor includes 35 vacant acres zoned for office and another 80 acres proposed for office. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 7-6 �T T T T T l l T l T T 1 T T T T T T The location of these sites appear in Figure 7-1: I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 25 acres zoned for office on the north side of Milham Avenue east of the Kalamazoo Valley Intermediate School District. IO acres zoned 'for office in scattered sites along Milham Avenue such as the southeast corner of Milham Avenue and Newport Road. IO acres on the north side of Milham Avenue between the Conrail tracks and Portage Creek. 40 acres on the south side of Milham Avenue between Lovers Lane and Portage Road. 20 acres on the west side of Lovers Lane from south of Milham A venue to Ramona A venue. IO acres along the north side of Milham Avenue from Oakland Drive to Westnedge Avenue through the conversion of single-family residences and vacant lots. b. Centre Avenue Office Corridor The "Future Land Use Pattern" extends the current Centre Avenue Office Corridor between 12th Street on the west and Westnedge Avenue eastward to Portage Road (see Figure 7-2). Because of the larger sites available along the Centre A venue office corridor than the Milham Avenue corridor, this corridor offer greater opportunities for research/office parks and for corporate offices. The Centre Avenue corridor includes 125 vacant acres zoned for office and an additional 65 acres proposed for office. The location of these sites appear in Figure 7-2: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 30 acres on the southwest corner of Centre A venue and Shirley Court. 80 acres on the southwest corner of Centre Avenue and Oakland Drive. 15 acres zoned for office in scattered sites of Jess than IO acres. 40 acres on the east side of Oakland Drive south of Centre Avenue across from vacant land zoned for offices. Redevelopment of 5 acres fronting the south side of Centre Avenue between Portage Creek and to the west of Shaver Road. The conversion of single-family residences and vacant Jots facing Centre Avenue between Kingston Drive and Portage Road (about 20 acres). The "Future Land Use Pattern" also identifies additional office development opportunities outside the two major office corridors. These opportunities include: 1. 2. 3. 4. 30 acres zoned for office on the south side of Bishop A venue west of Capri Street. 2 acres zoned for office on the north side of Mall Drive. Proposed offices on Kilgore Road east (about 5 acres) and west (15 acres) of Westnedge Avenue. IO acres redesignated on the northwest corner of Lovers Lane and 1-94 for office rather than industrial use. In conclusion, the "Future Land Use Pattern" would provide about 365 acres in new sites for office uses. This provides a choice in sites over the demand for office space of 243 acres over the next twenty years. However, with contraints on the development of 40 acres owned by the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company and 50 acres involving the conversion of single-family structures along arterials, the readily available office sites are in the range of about 275 acres resulting in limited choice of sites over demand as the inventory of available office zoned sites dwindles. 3. Portage Commerce Square and Westnedge Avenue Commercial Corridor Portage has developed as a major regional retail center and as such it provides many jobs which are a major contributor to the quality of life in the larger Economic Community . Although these jobs are, for the most part, not wealth producers for Portage and the EC they provide an attractive environment for the establishment of new residential development and the accompanying back office jobs which are typically good primary jobs. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 7-7 �- COMPREHENSIVE PLAN (1) > :::::._-~ <( o~o o 00 o o0 o o0 o ,._ 0 "'O C co co o .:£. Future Land Use o 'o 0 o 0 ___ _ _ ...., ,- ./ •oO - ~- :g§ .. .... - Figure 7: 1 Milham Avenue Office Corridor •~ ~ - ~ - 0 O 0 =m:rua.r: - o 0 o LLLLl-il • LLLL .-~ LLlL '~-S.:::: ,' 'ooo 0 ~~ 0 '~ ........,.,_ ~~~~~~~~I -----------.,l , ~--' _,._ I..J 0 1...- I (_:__ - - 0 0 - . k~ l_L. .. ,_ - .- L ' ;....,'.~...},_.., tl f( · - __, rr -.w:w.a:7 · SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED MEDIUM DENSITY MEDIUM-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL HIGH-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL f:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:j - OFFICE ~ LOCAL BUSINESS - COMPARISON BUSINESS ·· j • - GENERAL BUSINESS V>2Z,1//l - INDUSTRIAL ~ 0 O O O O O_ - @ -- +-' :;::; 0 •••••• ~ a Corridor Boundary z ~ :::·;::;::: C I _J <( (f) ~ 5 §; g2~ 0 _J ME 5W 5E - V) Cl t,_...,....,..., ,,,,,JJ i;i~j ,t I I / o-~ -~-· _.,• ~ _ ;,.. : 0v __ - VJ LL MAP 1-t --------------------------------------------------~T:H;.E •NOTE: - RECREATION /OPEN SPACE Exlsllng Parks C: ::J -::i Cll"'----, ::, 'lOz - IT] § Well Sltes .,I_ _ ____.I - 0'~ C <( MW - @] 0- Future Porks 100- YEAR FLOODPLAIN -::~ ~] ~ 5 o-c; Fire Stations ,:: j - ®- ,._ z o@I.!> - a ::- .; 3: ~ Cemeteries ®- AY si FUTIJRE: @ - Elementary Schools @ - Middle Schools @ - High Schools Refer to text for description of Numbers ~ CITY CENTRE A REA (Clty Hall, Pollc../Court. Library, Senior Center. Department of PubOc 5er,,lces, and Flro Deportments.) ©0- C 0 0V) PUBLIC: EXISTING: (f) \ - - ™ - , C 0 :;::; :::, - :, LOW-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL rou o u o u 1 - 0 - f~t:-~'-;--:-:--8 bLLf-f-LQ .·······. ..... 1"=1500' 100- YEAR FLOODPLAIN INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS; HOWEVER. THE SENSITIVELANO ARE>\S INVENTORY SHOULD BE REFERENCED FOR AREAS OUT'31DE ~10~0:; -~rl:.~A::!,R_!F~Lo~o::;D:PL~A:IN~B~O~U~ND~A:R~Y-- - -- ---11 COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS COMMERCIAL REVITALIZATION AREAS PRIMARY COMMERCIAL NODES - SECONDARY COMMERCIAL NODES - MAJOR ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS •™ - E.A.S f - WEST CORRIDOR STUDY ARE A, FOR - - - - - - - - - . J - - - - - - -~R~O~M~EN!C~E~ R~o:A~D~P~A~R:K~W~A~Y~ E~XT~E~N~S~IO!N~ 7-8 �(1) > <( (1) Ol -0 (1) C _, COMPREHENSIVE PLAN (j) (1) s Figure 7:2 Centre Avenue Office Corridor ~ Future Land Use - -0 II C l co - b~L~LLQ I:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-: :j - ~I 0 ~ U) ~ ::::, O •' - > ' ·- L ~ .\ OFFICE - LOCAL BU SIN ESS " • • - " - ---L ·'ir'-•--- --~===-~~ I -----L------~ r::~_:::.: i - I r - -- _-L------~L..-L- <( .. ,:-:-:,:::::::: O OO I _ -- ·. ~ ..... #6 .-=· === ·.·.=·. ~*==:1~ , . =mine GENERAL BUSINESS --i f FUTURE: Cemeteries Flre Stations @ - Elementory Schools @ - ~iddle Schools @ - High Schools @ - Well Sites - / L"-=---\ CITY CENTRE AREA (City Hall. Pallce/Court. L1>fury. Soni..- c..nt«. Dopa1m0<1t of Pubftc s«,,ioos. and Fire Doportments.) ©®- .---."1'~~x . ,_:: Centre Ave . \ - PUBLIC: EXISTING: ~---~---- ?_~ o_~~~~~~mir -~~l : ~ ~ w a '~ffl~~-~-1!■.~ · · · · · · - .r. - ~--- - -1 ~ ~-:: --+-'----'", , :-:-!-:' 1-I _.__L • • • • • • .,.L.. 8, ~~~~~,..~~~~.-;. #6 =-=:::::::,jj•""'I!!: ~ &~b? o?o j - __ ._ --- . ..._:..,. _ :....1--...--1., ... -:~,~~ : : : : . : : . : ~ : : r- - ~~•• • •• •••••••• •• •• .. - V,1/1/<(?l - INDUSTRIAL 7 f" • •• •• . L..Ll-'-•----1r:··•--··---1.. l .. 1- i.. - - .. 1 r~~_ . . ..__ -- r :~ :-:-:, ~-'!"'!'!' ~ 7, ...." 1 i: ·.-.• . (1) ~ ,- ::l: ~ z< .~ :;::_:: j - o@,., ~ ::l: ;t - a ~~~ ••••••• ..._ LL I 0 c,,...J NW c< ( Corridor Boundary Refer to text for description of Numbers ~] ~ so~ ::::, SW ,100 z ,r--j ,; .- ~ SE t,, , 111 , II/ ii~~ ~ ~: - _, - V) -=• J . __ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ ~ ~ [£] - Future Por\\s 100- YEAR FLOODPLAIN COMMERCIAL REVITALIZATION AREAS PRIMARY COMMERCIAL NODES - SECONDARY COMMERCIAL NODES .J~--------------------..J ---- - •NOTE: ~ I - COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS ._--, --.J C --, C!I"----, NE ~ RECREATION/OPEN SPACE (!:J - Existing Por\\s 5 - HIGH-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL COMPARISON BUSINESS J:: ,- MEDIUM-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL ™ - if)~ N LOW-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED MEDIUM DENSITY ...: 0 ,- 1"= 1500' MAJOR ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS 100 YEAR FLOODPLAIN INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS; HOWEVER. 11-iE SENSiflVELAND AREAS INVENTORY SHOULD BE REFERENCED FOR AREAS OUTSIDE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ll-i ~ E _:; 10;::;o~-::;YE~AR ~ FL;;O~OD:P;;:LA~IN!.:BO~U:ND~A:R:;;, Y. _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ 7.9 �a. Boundary Definition Portage Commerce Square is focus of regional retail activities in southwest Michigan, and has been defined by the Portage City Council as the area bounded on the west by Constitution Boulevard, on the north by Milham Avenue, on the east by Lovers L~ne and on the south by Romence Road Parkway (see Figure 7-3). The Westnedge Avenue Commercial Corridor includes the retail with Portage Commerce Square, and extends beyond the limits of Portage Commerce Square to Kilgore Road on the north and to Portage Creek on the south. b. Existing Characteristics Portage Commerce Square is located in the north central portion of the community and encompasses approximately 1. 7 square miles and 1,086 acres of land area. South W estnedge A venue, which intersects with 1-94 to the north of Portage Commerce Square and which carries in excess of 50,000 vehicles per day, bisects the area. The accompany map has been prepared to highlight the general land use characteristics of Portage Commerce Square. Table 7-2 provides basic land use data. The data reflects information about the land area within the boundary roads . (The data also reflects information about the use of land area to an approximate depth of I 00 feet on the outside of the boundary roads where access is provided by the boundary roads . This area is considered as part of Portage Commerce Square.) The land area in the "Square" is largely utilized : 896 acres (83%) is occupied while 190 acres ( 17 %) is vacant. r r r r r • The "Square" is the location of a regional mall and numerous retail complexes, strip developments and freestanding retail and office service uses . • Portage Commerce Square accommodates approximately 300 businesses in more than 2,527,000 square feet of building space. • The "Square" is the location of approximately 1,746 dwelling units, 3 I percent (541 units) are singlefamily dwellings and 69 percent (1,205 units) are apartment units . • Several manufacturing and light industrial activities are situated primarily along the east perimeter of the "Square", along Lovers Lane. • Of importance, significant park and open space land area exists in the "Square". Bicentennial Park is adjacent to Portage Creek along the eastern perimeter of the area. In addition to land use data, population, housing and jobs information also helps to highlight the characteristics of Portage Commerce Square. • Using the 1990 Census people per household statistic (2.64 people per household), it is estimated that 4,609 people reside in the "Square". This population is situated in primarily two types of housing: single-family dwellings and apartment dwellings . • With regard to jobs and job opportunities, the primary business and office service character of the "Square" provides a significant employment base. • Using the W.E. Upjohn Institute estimate that the retail business sector provides 1.6 jobs per 1,000 square feet of building area, job opportunities can be estimated: approximately 4,043 jobs are provided in the "Square." There are nearly the same number of job opportunities as residents which is indicative of the mixed residential and business character of Portage Commerce Square. r I r PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 7-10 �· Kilgore Rd . Westnedge Corridor Boundary - COMPREHENSIVE PLAN . . Portage Commerce Square Figu re 7 ·3 Westnedge Corridor C C 0 ·.;::; ::J _J Future Land Use 1" = 1500' ."'.::: ...... CJ) C 0 0 . I I - LOW-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL ~~ . ... ... .. #4 ~ SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED MEDIUM DENSITY l.i...L-""t..LLL ... ~, bL!-f-LLQ - MEDIUM-DENSITY RESIDEN TIAL 1-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-: j - OFFICE j, ■ rtt - ''I I . I HIGH-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL ™ - - LOCAL BUSINESS COMPARISON BUSINESS - GENERAL BUSINESS P>22<2?1 - INDUSTRIAL Mall &~o~;~ oj rcc"70 ~ #9 #12 □ omence Rd . Pkwy. Romence Rd . @- Cemeteries ®- Fire Stations - [I] - [TI Well Srtes (!) 3:: 0 s: z c ~ ;:: :- -;::'. .=' ·1 - Westnedge Corridor ,- ~ ®- ~~ ~ m~ ', ::. ~ - ~~ ~ NE - ~· ~ Schurin ;;~~ ~~~ ~ ~~j J!_* ~ ~ E o / - ;; =.)5 .;:- SW ME O :[:~~~ SE O O .:::::::: 0 0 . c..L-:- MAP l•E \ j~--- ___ ._ _ , -t~ •-1.-L,.. ~t-•:r 1-----------------------------=~:;,_:-_,:·.:-_ ....... - ~ .,. _ L ,_-.~:•):,:;:::,: _::._ :,:-::.:;'7W:,:~~~~;;;,;~ '11 I -_-, C Jl,. _ __ _ _ ,.., _, - i~ ii"_""'..,,,""'-=, - ~'. \ -. . •NOrl: ;:r< ?llr 0;.:,:,[;,,;, ~,;,; -~;,;. " ~ l- ~- I- C: =i - ~ - - - - - RECREA Tl ON / OPEN SP ACE Existing Parks - ---1 0 ,L:::i:: O r!,- LLc 01r· Portage Commerce Square Refer to text for description of Numbers TR,l(• )r,:~ ;;-~~ cc ~o ~ • • •• •• f!: -~--=,;,0!! o@t.? 0 FU 1\JRE: ([§} - Elementary Schools - § @ - Middle Schools @ - High Schools @- 5 ~ CITY CENTRE AREA (Cty Hell, Pollce/Ccurt. Ubr<ry, Senior Center, Oepcrtmenl or Publlc 5ervloes, and Flre Deportment:...) EXISTING: - V) PUBUC: - 1£]- Future Parks 100- YEAR FLOODPLAIN COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS COMMERCIAL REVITALIZATION AREAS PRIMARY COMMERCIAL NODES SECONDARY COMMERCIAL NODES MAJOR ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENS~TI VE AREAS; HOWEVER, 11-iE SENSITIVELAND AREAS INVENTOR Y SHOULD BE REFERENCED FOR AREAS OUTSIDE TH .;.;,E ; .;,; IO ; O,;;, -Y ,;,:;E;AR ~ FL~O;;; OD;, P,:;,; LA; IN~ BO ;;,;;U,;,;, ND ;;,;,A., R,;,;, Y·- - - - - - -- - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -_ , . --::-:-:-- 7. IJ �r r r r r r r r r r r I I I I I TABLE 7-2 PORTAGE COMMERCE SQUARE CHARACTERISTICS Single-Family* Multiple-Family* Commercial Office Park/Open Space Industrial Public/Institutional Utility/Railroad Streets Vacant Acres (Zoned) Single-Family Multiple-Family Commercial Office Industrial 150 144 266 25 102 56 18 36 105 17 16 30 3 11 6 2 4 11 49 44 33 8 56 26 23 17 4 30 *Single-family dwelling units Multiple-family dwelling units Job Opportunities (estimate) Population (estimate) 4,043 4,609 Source: City of Portage; May, 1995. 1 1 1 PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT {FINAL) 7-12 �r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r I J Of particular interest is the following : • The mixed residential and commercial character of the area and the fact that 4,609 people reside in the "Square." • The estimated 4,0!:i3 available job opportunities. • The Jack of unifying park/green space. • The defining nature of the major street network and access to I-94. • The Jack of vacant sites useable for new commercial/office development. • The potential desirability of "linking" the City Centre Area with the "Square" with some park/green space. c. Existing Vacant Zoned Land Vacant zoned land within Portage Commerce Square includes (refer to Table 7-2), as of May of 1995: I. 56 acres • • • • • • zoned for industrial along Lovers Lane including: 10 acres on the northwest corner of Romence Road Parkway and Lovers Lane. 15 acres on Gernaat Court. IO acres in the vicinity of Ramona A venue. 3 acres east of Portage Creek behind developed lots south of Milham A venue. 4 acres on the north side of Milham Avenue between the Conrail tracks and Portage Creek (part of a 50-acre vacant tract). 14 acres on along the east side of Lovers Lane owned by the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company. 2. 33 acres zoned for commercial including: • 2 acres on the south side of Romence Road (part of a 40-acre vacant tract). • 31 acres on scattered lots around the Crossroads Mall. 3. 8 acres zoned for office including: • 6 acres on the southwest corner of Milham A venue and Newport Road. • 2 acres on the north side of Mall Drive. 4. 44 acres zoned for multi-family along Constitution Boulevard northward from the Consumers Power property and to the east of Dorset Street. 5. 49 acres zoned for single-family including: • 25 acres on the northeast corner of Romence Road and Constitution Boulevard . • 24 acres involving the Consumers Power property and property on the south side of Consumers Power west of Constitution Boulevard. As a result of the Future Land Use Plan and more recent rezoning activity, these vacant acreages have changed in Portage Commerce Square. d. Future Land Use Designation and Development Opportunities Within the Portage Commerce Square boundary, the Future Land Use Map make the following recommendations for land available for development (refer to Figure 7-3): PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 7-13 �r I. r r r r r r r r r r r r r r I r r 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. e. 10 acres on the northwest comer of Lovers Lane and Romence Road Parkway have been redesignated from industrial to open space as part of the Portage Creek Bicentennial Park. 15 acres on Gemaat Court are designated for industrial. 13 acres on the west side of Lovers Lane between Ramona Avenue and Milham Avenue have been redesignated from industrial to office. 5 acres on the southwest corner of Lovers Lane and Milham Avenue have been designated for local business and are surrounded by 40 acres designated for office. The 50 acres on the north side of Milham A venue between the Conrail tracks and Portage Creek have been redesignated from industrial to 10 acres of office fronting on Milham Avenue backed by 40 acres of high density residential. 40 acres on the south side of Romence Road west of Westnedge A venue remains the largest single tract designated for comparison business. 31 acres of vacant small tracts for comparison business remain around the Crossroads Mall. 8 acres zoned for office remain on the southwest corner of Milham Avenue and Newport Road and on the north side of Mall Drive. About 10 acres on the east side of Constitution Boulevard between M. L. King Drive and Mall Drive have been redesignated from multi-family to comparison business and are being developed. A limited amount of vacant multi-family land remains east of Dorset Street and along Constitution Boulevard. 25 acres on the northeast corner of Romence Road and Constitution Boulevard is designated "single family detached medium density ." The Consumers Power property has been designated as open space to create a greenway from the west City limits through Portage Commerce Square to the east City limits. There is a gap in the greenway from the west side of the Crossroad Mall to the Consumers Power property west of the Portage Creek Bicennential Park that must be filled through the use of public right-of-way or utility easements. JO acres on the west edge of the Della/Ruth neighborhood has been designated for comparison commercial . Summary In summary, there are about 73 vacant acres zoned for retail commercial in the Commerce Square Area -- the largest single tract of 40 acres being located on the south side of Romence Road west of Westnedge Avenue. The redevelopment of the western IO acres of the Della/Ruth neighborhood is the only significant potential available retail area added to Portage Commerce Square. With the redesignation of the west side of Lovers Lane from Milham A venue to Ramona A venue from industrial to office, about 13 acres of vacant land are now available for office, and the office designation is intended to improve the marketability of this area. With the designation of 25 acres on the northeast corner of Romence Road and Constitution Boulevard, little viable vacant land for new residential development remains within Portage Commerce Square. For the remainder of the Westnedge Avenue Commercial Corridor north and south of Portage Commerce Square, the Future Land Use Map make the following recommendations for land available for development (refer to Figure 7-3): 14 . .Including 20 acres zoned for Expressway Services on the northwest corner of I-94 and Westnedge A venue is designated for general business which permit ES zoning district uses. 15 . Adding 15 vacant acres on the west side of South W estnedge A venue near Kilgore Road behind the Willow Creek shopping center. 16. Adding 25 acres of vacant and greenhouse property west of the Conrail tracks from Romence Road Parkway to Garden Lane. I 7. Adding 10 acres between Peterman Road and Schuring Road abutting existing Westnedge A venue commercial uses on the east, an industrial use on the south, and greenhouse operations on the west. Thus, the combination of the Portage Commerce Square and the Westnedge Commercial Corridor provide 153 acres (93 being already zoned) for future retail development to address the demand for 207 retail acres . PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 7-14 �r I I I I 4. Portage Road Commercial Corridor and Other Commercial Development Opportunities Outside the Westnedge Avenue Commercial Corridor and "Portage Commerce Square" commercial development opportunities described above, commercial opportunities fall in the major retail corridor of Portage Road between Milham Avenue and 1-94 and between Centre Avenue and West Lake/Austin Lake as well as numerous commercial nodes at arterial intersecti'ons throughout the City. These retail development opportunities tend to be scattered. There are 74 acres of vacant zoned retail sites including: • • • • IO acres on the west side of Shaver Road to the south of Melody A venue. 20 acres on the southwest corner of Sprinkle Road and Meredith Street. 10 acres on Sprinkle Road north of Branch Avenue (that is proposed of smaller single-family lots). 34 acres in scattered sites of five acres or less. r r r r r The most significant additions to available retail sites outside the Westnedge Commercial Corridor are the designation of 30 acres on the southwest and southeast corners of Portage Road and Milham A venue for commercial purposes in the Portage Commercial Corridor, and the designation of 30 acres on the southeast corner of Milham Avenue and 12th Street for a new primary commercial node. I Industrial land falls in two major corridors in the City of Portage -- Sprinkle Road and Sprinkle Road. r r f f r 5. Summary of Commercial Development Opportunities In summary, the "Future Land Use Pattern" provides about 263 additional acres (including 167 acres of commercially zoned properties) to meet future demand for commercial sites. This available acreage is concentrated in the Westnedge Avenue Commercial Corridor (153 acres) and the Portage Road Commercial Corridor (about 44 acres). However, about 60 acres involve redevelopment of residential areas and greenhouses abutting Westnedge Avenue and major property owners such as Pharrnacia-Upjohn Company, and is not readily available today for commercial development. Accordingly, readily available vacant sites for commercial purposes approximate about 203 acres. Thus, revitalization of existing commercial areas will be important in accommodating projected demands for commercial acreage. 6. Industrial Development Opportunities a. Sprinkle Road Industrial Corridor The Sprinkle Road Corridor generally running from the east City limits to Portage Creek and from Milham A venue to Zylman Avenue appears in Figure 7-4. Independent of Pharmacia-Upjohn, the corridor contains 272 acres zoned for industrial with another 13 acres redesignated for industrial use. In the case of Pharmacia-Upjohn, the corridor includes 485 acres with industrial zoning and another 220 acres designed for industrial use. The location of these sites appears in Figure 7-4 (see sheet I and sheet 2): I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 247 acres of vacant industrially zoned land along Sprinkle Road. 13 to 20 acres on the south side of Milham A venue added to Portage Commerce Park. 25 vacant industrially zoned acres along Lovers Lane. 485 vacant industrially zoned acres owned by Pharrnacia-Upjohn. I 20 vacant acres owned by Pharrnacia-Upjohn. I 00 acres in the Ramona Avenue residential area to be redevelopment for industrial use for Pharmacia-Upjohn. I r I PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE Pl.AN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 7-15 �KALAMAZOO / BAnLE CR[E.h INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (IN CITY OF KALAMA70(' ) L.., C L..L. 1 L'. L COMPREHENSIVE PLAN LL LL LL \ I \ \ .\ \ I \ \ Figure 7:4 Sprinkle Rd . Industrial Corridor I I I I _j I_ - - - -- .--'..- ,- ~ Future Land Use 1" = 1500' ·LEXI NGTO I-./ - =GREEN ,;:: - ,....., PARi,.·.- -- p CL LL L w j-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:j - OFFICE 0 ~ LOCAL BUSINESS w en w - v>,z;?'/1/1 5 - - GENERAL BUSINESS - INDUSTRIAL ro oo oo o1 ~ o o o _ 0 O O ~ ~ PUBLIC: - CITY CENTRE AREA (City HolL Police/Court. Library, Senior Ccn\c,-. Oepartmont of Pubflc 'Sw>AC<!S. an<! Flre Deportments.) EXISTING: FUTIJRE: ©®- 0IJl ~ w ~ z _!., <{ -z ::: ::: ;:: :=j - 1· ~ 5- ,o :il~~ Cl ~ - @] Fire Stations - [£] ~.!!W ••••• Corridor Boundary - Vacant Industrially Zoned •·----' - C <{ .; Jo~ u.. Reuse for Industrial C -_-, ~or:; ~0 i lC :5 ~ J!. .;;- ME C sw sE Redesigned for Industrial j ~ ~ [I]- Future Parks ...II - COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS COMMERCIAL REVITALIZATION AREAS PRIMARY COMMERCIAL NODES t"-""""""-"t ti,,....,,,,,_....,.., - SECONDARY COMMERCIAL NODES Refer to text for description of Numbers 0, -'!!_. ~o· ~ - - - - MAJOR ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS; HOWEVER. THE SENSITIVELAND AREAS INVENTORY SHOULD BE REFERENCED FOR AREAS OUTSIDE '"''"'"" '"''™ - E.A.S T- WEST CORRIDOR S TI_IDY ARE .i_ FOR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ TH_, E. 10;;0;,;;, - ~YE;,;;; A;,;,.R,;.;FL~O,;;;;OD;;;.,P,;;;LA,;;,;,IN; .B;,;O;;, UN_D_A., RY_. - - - - - - - - - - - - . a . - -- - - - -R_o_M_E_ Nc_ E_R_o _ AD_ P_A-RK_ w _A_Y_Ex_T_E_N.. s1_o _ N _ __. •NOTE: = u -:. MAP H . • u.. . __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ ._...., __, - NW Mw 0 - 100- YEAR FLOODPLAIN o,...J .... 0 ~ RECREATION /OPEN SPACE ~ ) - E,<lsllng Parks 4d Upjohn ~G:~ IJl Cemeteries @ - Elementary Schools @ - Middle Schools @ - High Schools @ - Well Sltes - Cl ~ HIGH-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL COMPARISON BUSINESS z I- c., ) SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED MEDIUM DENSITY MEDIUM - DENSITY RESIDENTIAL ~ - - ft '-·'--L..:~Ltl bLLLLLQ - - LOW-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL ™ - C) - ~~ - _ _ 7-16 �COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Figure 7:4 Sprinkle Rd . Industrial Corridor Future Land Use 1" .I ~ ~~~ LOW-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL - SINGLE FA~HL Y DETACHED MEDIUM DENSITY fl -:-~. :-~ . . , I - MEDIUM-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL bq. . LLLQ - HIGH-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL 1-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:J - OFFICE ~ - LOCAL BUSINESS - COMPARISON BUSINESS - GENERAL BUSINESS ™ ~ -. v>½:>7ll INDUSTRIAL ~~ o ~ o ~ o 1 - PUBLIC: ~ ~ - CITY CENTRE AR EA (City Holl, Pollee/Court. Ubtcry, S..,for Center. 09p<rtmoot or Publlc Sen,fces. and Fl1'9 Deportment..) EXISTING: FUTURE: @- Cemeteries ®- 3 ~ .::i w ----- ::i: 2i«: z 5 - vJ r,:, ::i; Fire Stations @ - Elementary School9 - § @ - Middle Schools - ~ @ - High Schools - ~ 0V) o ~ = 1500' S' Cl ~~~ ,u.. I 0 c,,.J c-<C NW NE ~i~ 5ci C" V) ::, ~005 1"' • r-, II/ SW SE MAP kr.1 - ®- t ::'.:::;: '.:: -J ®- Corridor Boundary Well Sites - Refer to text for description of Numbers ~ - Future Porks 100- YEAR FLOODPLAIN I IC -_--, ...J C -_-, __, Redesigned to Industrial ~ RECREATION /OPEN SPACE Existing Porks Vacant Industrially Zoned Reuse for Industrial - COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS COMMERCIAL REVITALIZATION AREAS PRIMARY COMMERCIAL NODES lf""'"""_,,""'"'i - SECONDARY COMMERCIAL NODES t.----" - - - - MAJOR ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS 100-YEAR FLOODPIAIN INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS; HOWFVER. m•mm"..-"''"""""'o:t11,ma@G1 - FAc;T - WFST 1,0RRlnQR STIIDY ARFA FOR ™E SENSlflVELAND AREAS INVENTORY SHOULD BE REFERENCED FOR AREAS OUTSIDE ROMENCE ROAD PARKWAY EXTENSION G: L - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ ™:,;E~1~00;:;;-~r;:EA ~R~F:,;L~oo;::;o;PL ~A:IN~B~o;u;ND;A;R,;,; Y·- - - - - - - - - - - - - . a . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -__..--;_~ • 7-17 g~ ~ : JJ .;~gi •NOTE: �l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 1 1 b. Shaver Road Industrial Corridor The Shaver Road Corridor from roughly south of Centre Avenue to Oakland Drive appears in Figure 7-5. The corridor contains 375 acres of industrially zoned land and another 30 acres designated for industrial uses . The location of these sites appears in Figure 7-5: , I. 2. 3. 365 acres of vacant industrially zoned land on both sides of Shaver Road. IO acres of industrially zoned land currently in greenhouse use. 30 acres of vacant land between Portage Creek and Shaver Road north of an extended alignment of Melody A venue redesigned from multi-family to industrial use. c. Addition Industrial Opportunities Outside the Sprinkle Road and Shaver Road Industrial Corridor, there are another 50 acres of zoned industrial land in scattered sites. Most sites are located along Portage Road between Centre Avenue and Bacon Avenue, and have been identified for general business in the future land use pattern. d. Industrial Conclusion In summary, the Future Land Use Pattern provides 740 acres (including 697 industrially zoned acres) to address the projected demand of 220 acres for new sites and 242 acres for expansion and relocation of existing industrial use. In the case of the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company, there would be an estimated 705 acres available for expansion including another 660 acres not fully developed within the campus. The redevelopment of the Ramano Avenue residential area (100 acres) for industrial purposes for Pharmacia-Upjohn would more than off-set the 65 acres of Pharmacia-Upjohn property along the south side of Milham Avenue between Lovers Lane and Portage Road. 7. The Comprehensive Plan as An Attraction The attention being paid in this Comprehensive Plan to the identification of sites for additional office and commercial development will continue to improve the viability of Portage for the growth of more and better jobs. Care should be paid to the demand for public services, especially safety services, which a heavily commercial community places upon its government. Occasionally this demand exceeds the revenues which are generated to support such development. This should be more carefully evaluated before a final decision to encourage new large scale retail development. 8. Regional Coordination As part of the larger Kalamazoo County Economic Community, the economy of the City of Portage is tied to the economic strength of the region, and is a significant element to the economic health of the County. Accordingly, the cooperation of the City of Portage with other jurisdictions in the region is important to the overall Economic Community relative to the improvement of the transportation and utility infrastructure for businesses, business retention and recruitment, and the development of major business parks for attracting businesses requiring larger sites. 9. Summary Portage and the Portage/Kalamazoo Economic Community have significant advantages for the location of primary jobs. Focus upon expansion of existing employers can be expected to produce greater return in terms of new primary jobs than seeking new employers. New employer attraction can be expected to produce its best results when focusing upon employers which are sensitive to import and export trade, especially with Canada, and those with special needs for prompt delivery of products by truck to major regional markets. The location of major distribution facilities is an avenue which appears to offer good returns in the near future . PORTAGE C OMPREHENSI VE Pl.AN UPDATE : MASTER Pl.AN R EPORT (FINAL) 7-18 �- ••••• Corridor Boundary - Vacant Industrially Zoned COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Melody Ave . ...: I Reuse for Industrial - O II ~ l Q) co co Redesigned to Industrial Future Land Use Q) 0) ~ Q) I I i ,~ _,.JJ . . ---~j ::: :::~t:/i!i ~ I p -,-J -~ * "-"' ,......,.------- Vanderbilt Extension I I- ~ LOW-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED MEDIUM DENSITY - -~·lHl· tl - I~~ MEDIUM-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL bLLLLLQ - HIGH-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL I· . ·:.· ..· OFFICE ·I - ™ - - ~ LOCAL BUSINESS - rwA-21 _ R~ o '.?; '.? o j ~ ~ COMPARISON BUSINESS GENERAL BUSINESS INDUSTRIAL PUBLIC: - CITY CENTRE AREA (City Hal~ Pallce/Court, Ubrory, 5eniar Cantor, OoporlMon t of Publlc SeN!cea, and ,,. Department-.) EXISTING: FUTURE: @- Cem et eries ®- Fire Stations @- \ Elementary Schools - @~ ~ C ®- I -' ~ 5 0 ID C - "'C/l c., o,::.~ , .. 9 r# - I C ..!! ~ "'c,,..J "i u..~ 0 - 8ar:;" Ul "'Ill NW NE ::::, C -:-: ii~ -~ 8?. I LJ .... I i I I I .;; ~ ~ st- ,... -' st .". ;;; - ~ High Schools - ~ Well Sites - ~ I I - - - - - I- •NOTE: [£] - Future Parks 100- YEAR FLOODPLAIN COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS COMMERCIAL REVITALIZATION AREAS PRIMARY COMMERCIAL NODES r----"'I - SECONDARY COMMERCIAL NODES ---- - MAJOR ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS 1.----.J MAP l•.E, RECREATION/OPEN SPACE Existing Porks -_--, --1 C --, C- ...I - ~..:c,;i ii ~ - ~:::::::::: j - ~ ~ Middle Schools @@- ~ z = 1500' 1" ""O 0 Refer to text for description of Numbers Fi gure 7:5 Shaver Rd . Industrial Corridor > <( 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS; HOWEVER. THE SENSITIVELAND AREAS INVENTORY SHOULD BE REFERENCED FOR AREAS OUTSIDE ~Ul"'- 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - TH• E~ l~OO~- ~YE~A~R~F~ LO~OD ~ P~LA~IN;_;; BO~U~ND~A-RY•· - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -r.r--:-"'° - 7- 19 ------~ �r r r F. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ACTIONS To further enhance the City of Portage economic position, a variety of economic development actions should be undertaken. Some actions are general in nature and others are associated with future land use recommendations for the major land uses. 1. General Actions General actions to support the economic development initiatives of the City of Portage include: r r r r r r r I r r I I I I • Continuing the commercial and industrial sites inventory with annual updates to support economic development efforts preserving and attracting businesses, and the preservation of commercial and industrial sites. • Regularly examining the development review process and the business resources package of the City of Portage relative to other jurisdictions and make appropriate adjustments. • Annually reviewing the Capital Improvement Program priorities. • Continuing to participate in area-wide annual surveys and visitations of major businesses in Portage and provide an inventory of vacant sites and structures for business retention and recruitment. • Continuing active participation in the business retention and recruitment efforts with the area-wide economic development agency . • Considering, with neighboring jurisdictions, economic development programs benefiting the community, when appropriate. 2. Office Development Actions To achieve the creation of major office corridors as envisioned in the Comprehensive Plan, the community should consider development of a program to prepare corridor-wide rezoning plans for the office corridors along Centre A venue and Milham A venue. To facilitate the continued development of Milham A venue as an office corridor the community should entertain rezonings that protect abutting residential areas and initiate rezonings of large tracts that might otherwise be development for purposes other than office. In addition to actions similar to the Milham Avenue Office Corridor, the community should take other actions in the Centre Avenue Office Corridor to provide and preserve large sites for corporate office and office/research activities. 3. Retail Development Actions Because the "Future Land Use Pattern" (Figure 12-1) provides about 263 additional acres to meet the twenty-year demand of 207 acres for retail land, only 167 acres are commercially zoned and another 60 acres involves redevelopment of existing properties or major property owners such as the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company, the choice of green field sites is severely limited and public initiatives to encourage revitalization and reinvestment in existing commercial corridors is crucial to addressing the market for new retail uses and the expansion or relocation of existing commercial uses. Actions facilitate investment in existing commercial corridors includes: • Entertaining or initiating rezonings to commercial in the two major commercial corridors and four designated commercial revitalization areas . PORTAGE C OMPREHENSI VE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT {FINAL) 7-20 �I r I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I • Coordinating with the Kalamazoo County Road Commission road and sidewalk improvements along Centre A venue, Sprinkle Road, and Portage Road commercial areas. • Considering development of a program for preparing revitalization plans for the four Commercial Revitalization areas covering appropriate rezonings, public infrastructure improvements and financial assistance and intentive programs. • Monitoring private sector initiatives and address the timing and nature of public intervention for the redevelopment of residential areas such as the western one-third of the Della/Ruth area proposed for commercial. • Monitoring private sector initiatives and encourage a redevelopment feasibility study of the Portage Steel property. • Continuing the expansion of sanitary sewers in Portage Commerce Square. 4. lndustriaJ Development Actions Although the Future Land Use Pattern provides 740 acres (including 697 industrially zoned acres) to address the projected demand for 220 acres for new sites and 242 acres for expansion and relocation of existing industrial uses for other than the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company, the provision of infrastructure and the consolidation of tracts in the Sprinkle Road and Shaver Road Industrial Corridors are important so that a variety of industrial sites in different locations and sites can be marketed. Accordingly, community actions include: • Continuing the expansion of public utilities in the Shaver Road and Sprinkle Road Industrial Corridors. • Pursuing an infrastructure plan and improvement program for the Shaver Road Industrial Corridor. In the case of the Pharmacia-Upjohn Company, the Comprehensive Plan recommends increased acreage available for company expansion and creates a more unified campus of contiguous properties. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE Pl.AN UPDATE: MASTER Pl.AN REPORT (FINAL) 7-21 �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I CHAPTER 8: HOUSING A. INTRODUCTION The housing stock of the community is a major contributor to the character and livability of the community. The maintenance of the residential flavor of Portage as a community where the majority of the housing remains singlefamily detached dwellings is the paramount goal of the Comprehensive Plan. At the same time, the goals of the Comprehensive Plan also include development of a diverse and stable housing stock providing a range of housing opportunities for all income groups in a suitable living environment, and implementation of public programs, incentives, regulations and taxation policies supporting the provision of housing opportunities for all persons. The objectives of the Comprehensive Plan further elaborate initiatives to conserve and rehabilitate housing and to broaden housing opportunities. Several housing trends and needs have been forecasted to the year 2015: • A continuation of the decline in average household size from 2.64 persons per household in the year 1990 to 2.33 person per household in the year 2015. • Although the higher median household income in the City of Portage in comparison to Kalamazoo County is expected to continue in the future, low and moderate income households will comprise about 36 percent of the Portage households in future years. • With 71 percent of all dwellings constructed after 1960 and only one in ten units built prior to 1940, the housing stock in Portage is relatively young . • An average of 270 new dwellings (48% single-family / 52% multi-family) have been built annually over the past fifteen years . • Owner occupied housing will continue to dominate the community although the percent of owner occupied housing is forecasted to decline from 72 percent in the year 1990 to 65 percent in the year 2015 based on present building permit trends. • The median value of a home in Portage was $71,700 in the year 1990 compared with the median sales price of $83,000. The median rent in Portage was $395 per month in the year 1990. • In the year 1990, 2,330 households (16.2%) spent more than 30 percent of their income for housing. An immediate low and moderate income housing need of 500 rental units and 350 owner units was identified. • Over the next twenty years (1996 to 2015), 4,810 new dwelling units (48% single-family detached) are needed to accommodate forecasted population growth. • Over the next twenty years (1996 to 2015), about 1,24 I acres would be absorbed for low density residential housing and 371 acres would be absorbed higher density housing. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE Pl.AN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 8-1 �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I B. HOUSING DENSITIES AND TYPES The Comprehensive Plan establishes residential density as a more effective means of evaluating compatibility with surrounding land uses than the type of housing (detached versus attached dwelling units) . Further, home ownership cuts across all housing den~ities and types. Accordingly, the Comprehensive Plan identifies three density ranges: • • • Low Density -- up to 4 dwelling units per gross acre. This density range is typical for traditional single-family detached dwelling unit subdivisions. Medium Density -- greater than 4 and up to 8 dwelling units per gross acre. This density range covers the transition from detached to attached dwelling units. High Density -- greater than 8 and up to 15 dwelling units per gross acre. This density range is typical of attached dwelling units. The Comprehensive Plan also encourages a mixture of housing types in larger mixed-use, planned unit and residential development projects to provide for a range of housing opportunities for all income groups, for a transition in densities within the development and to surrounding areas, and for innovative design fostering costefficient housing and protection of amenities and environment assets. C. HOUSING OPPORTUNITIES 1. Smaller Lots To provide opportunities for detached housing on smaller lots than the present zoning of vacant land, several areas are identified for smaller single-family lot development coinciding with the R-lA residential zoning district or a new cluster housing district: l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Between 12th Street and US I 3 I south of Romence Road (50 acres). Between Schuring Road and Romence Road west of Westnedge Avenue (80 acres). East of Sprinkle Road from Zylman Avenue to Centre Avenue (120 acres). Between 12th Street and US 131 south of Centre Avenue to the south corporate boundary (150 acres). Along the west side of Sprinkle Road straddling Branch Avenue (150 acres). On the northeast corner of Constitution Boulevard and Romence Road (25 acres). 2. Multi-Family Areas To improve the choice of housing types (detached versus attached), to provide a more dispersed pattern of multi-family sites and to provide housing opportunities for moderate income households over the present zoning of vacant land, additional medium and high density residential areas have been identified to expand site choice and to ensure adequate multi-family zoned land without development constraints to meet the continuation of present demands (317 acres to the year 2015). There are presently about 156 acres of vacant multi-family zoned sites (excluding about 14 acres on the south side of Milham A venue east of Sprinkle Road in Portage Commerce Park and 30 acres on Portage Creek proposed for future industrial use west of Shaver Road to the north of the Melody Avenue alignment): 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 20 acres 30 acres 30 acres 50 acres 26 acres south of Centre Avenue along Shirely Court. south of Centre Avenue along the west side of Portage Creek. north of Centre A venue along the west side of Portage Creek. on the north side of Osterhout Avenue east of the Conrail tracks. in scattered sites of less than IO acres throughout the community. Additional areas recommended for medium density (up to 8 dwelling units per acre) and high density (up to 15 dwelling units per acre) residential dwelling development would add 330 acres: PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 8-2 �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 60 acres off 12th Street north ofl-94 (medium density). 40 acres on 12th Street south of Milham Avenue (high density). 40 acres on the north side of Milham Avenue between the Conrail tracks and Portage Creek (high density) . 25 acres between Schuring Road and Portage Central Park west of the Westnedge Avenue commercial area (medium density). I 00 acres to the north of Centre A venue straddling Lovers Lane (medium density). 45 acres on the north side of Osterhout Avenue east of the Conrail tracks (high density). 20 acres along the east side of Oakland Drive from 1-94 to Centre Avenue with additional acreage possible through the redevelopment of single-family dwellings on large lots. 3. Planned Unit Residential Although the Comprehensive Plan does not designate specific geographic areas for "planned unit development," it encourages a range of housing opportunities for all income groups, a mixture of housing types and innovative design for the protection of environmentally sensitive areas that can be accomplished through "planned unit development." The "planned unit development" facilitates a range of housing types, allows the clustering of dwelling units for the preservation of natural amenities and the protection of environmentally sensitive areas, enables a transition in type and density of housing to blend into the surrounding area, ensures public review of site design, and may permit the inclusion of a limited amount of nonresidential uses supportive of the residential development. The City of Portage presently has a Planned Unit Development zoning district (which permits 20% of the area to be used for nonresidential uses) that accomplishes these objectives. Subdivision open space ordinance language and language in the Zoning Code also help to fulfill these objectives. Consideration should be given to the development of a second "planned unit development" zoning district that is more restrictive with regard to the percentage and range of nonresidential uses and/or the development of a "cluster housing" zoning district. (A "cluster housing" district typically establishes an average density for the project area and a maximum density so that higher than average densities are permitted on a portion of the project area in order to preserve natural areas on the balance of the site.) As the number of large tracts without environmental constraints shrink in future years, additional tools (such as more restrictive "planned unit development" districts or "cluster housing" districts) are desirable to facilitate in-fill development and the development of tracts with environmental constraints in a manner compatible with surrounding uses and environmentally sensitive areas. D. HOUSING PRESERVATION AND MAINTENANCE The development review guidelines of the Comprehensive Plan (see Chapter 3) encourage the preservation of sound residential housing in the community from the inappropriate intrusion of non-residential development. To ensure the preservation and maintenance of existing housing by property owners, the City of Portage should continue a variety of strategies: • Assisting low and moderate income families to rehabilitate ex1stmg dwellings, to make housing repairs, to undertake emergency repairs and to continue basic maintenance such as a paint program. • Conducting community awareness programs on blighting influences, annual refuse collections, and comprehensive code enforcement efforts in neighborhoods with a concentration on low and moderate income target areas. • Improving sidewalks and public utilities (water, sanitary sewers and drainage) in neighborhoods with a concentration of low and moderate income households. • Retrofitting dwellings for the physically handicapped. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) I 8-3 �I I I I I I • Assisting developers and nonprofit agencies in the development of affordable housing for low and moderate income households. • Exploring innovative/flexible zoning and density bonus standards for development which include housing low and moderate income households. t These strategies, or parts thereof, are commonly found in the 1995-1996 Consolidated Plan and may be funded through federal Community Development Block Grant funds. E. HOUSING REVITALIZATION AND REDEVELOPMENT Because of the relatively young age of housing in the City of Portage, housing revitalization and redevelopment efforts initiated by the public sector are not anticipated. On the other hand, the private sector is anticipated to convert residential dwellings to office and retail use in office and commercial corridors and nodes designated on the Comprehensive Plan Future Land Use map (see Chapter 12). I I I I I I I I I I I I I PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 8-4 �I I I I I I I I I I CHAPTER9: TRANSPORTATION 1999 Status Update A. The transportation network physically links land use activities within the community as well as linking Portage to the surrounding communities, the state and nation. The interaction between land use and transportation is such that transportation is the most significant determinant of the location, type and intensity of land use activities and the most significant infrastructure investment supporting the continuation and expansion of land use activities. The nature of the transportation system also determines how well the mobility needs of community residents and businesses are met. As set forth in the Goals of this Comprehensive Plan, the future vision for Portage involves a balanced and coordinated, multi-modal transportation system that is adequate to accommodate community growth while, at the same time, the community growth effectively uses the capital investments in the transportation system. The Transportation Element of this Comprehensive Plan encompasses the Major Thoroughfare Plan which addresses the use and improvement of the major street system for motor vehicle, local public transportation, bicycle and pedestrian movement, and other transportation systems such as public transportation, railroads and airports. B. I I I I I I I I I INTRODUCTION MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN The Major Thoroughfare Plan addresses the use and improvement of the street system of the community. As such, the Major Thoroughfare Plan serves four purposes: • Preservation of right-of-way to accommodate existing and future transportation needs. It establishes the functional hierarchy for major streets in the community to serve as a mechanism for the preservation of rights-of-way for major street improvements. • Continuity of the functional, physical and aesthetic character of various classifications of major streets. It sets forth typical cross-sections for major streets by functional class to serve as initial design parameters for new and expanded thoroughfares. • Identification of transportation improvements to address existing and future transportation needs. Based on the ability of the major streets to accommodate traffic, it identifies capacity expansion needs serving as the source of improvement projects for the Capital Improvement Program (CIP). • Preservation of major street traffic capacity. It establishes a rationale for access management based on existing and anticipated development along the major street corridors. I 999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE 9-1 �I I I I I I I I I I These four pwposes are elaborated in the following sections that compose the Major Thoroughfare Plan. 1. Preservation of Right-of-Way a. ' Functional Classification The City of Portage Major Thoroughfare Network is part of the larger Kalamazoo Urbanized Area Transportation Network. When viewing thoroughfare deficiencies and developing alternative system improvements at the local level, the integration of the local and the Urbanized Area systems should be kept in mind. The roadways in the street network are classified according to the service function for land use and transportation planning pwposes. The primary functions of roadways are either to serve property or to carry through traffic. Streets are functionally classified as "local" if the primary pwpose is to provide access to abutting properties. Streets are functionally classified as "arterials" if the primary pwpose is to carry traffic. If a street equally serves to provide access to abutting properties and to carry traffic, it is functionally classified as a "collector." These three primary functional classifications may be further stratified for planning and design pwposes. The City of Portage street network (although owned, operated and maintained by various entities) has been stratified into six groups: • I I I I I I I I I Freeways/Expressways - Being the highest category of arterial streets, this functional class of street serves the major portion of through-traffic entering and leaving the urban area (i.e., interurban traffic), and is designed to carry the highest traffic volumes. In metropolitan areas, intraurban traffic (such as between the central business district and outlying residential areas, and between major inner-city communities or major suburban centers) may also be served by streets of this class. Included in this functional class are fully controlled access facilities that are gradeseparated from intersecting transportation facilities and partially controlled access facilities that may have occasional at-grade intersections. To distinguish between the degree of access control and grade separation, freeways/expressways are further stratified into two subclasses: ♦ Interstates - being fully grade-separated and having full access control. ♦ Expressways and freeways (non-interstate) - primarily grade-separated with full access control but occasional at-grade intersections with partial access control. • Major Arterials - Being the highest category of arterial streets without the continuous grade separation of intersecting roadways, this functional class of street complements the freeway system in serving through-traffic entering and leaving the urban area, and is designed to carry the highest non-freeway traffic volumes. In urban areas, intra-urban traffic (such as between the central business district and outlying residential areas, between communities in the urban area, and between major suburban activity centers) may also be served by this functional class. Unlike freeways, major arterials have primarily at-grade intersections; however, some manner of access control is still highly desirable such as the minimum spacing of intersections and the control of driveway entrances. For major arterials, the concept of access to abutting property should be subordinate to providing traffic mobility. • Minor Arterials - Being the lowest category of arterial streets, this functional class serves trips of moderate length and offers a lower level of mobility than do major arterials. This class interconnects with and augments the major arterials, distributes traffic to smaller areas, contains streets that place some emphasis on land access and offers a lower level of traffic mobility. Minor arterials are characterized typically by moderate to heavy traffic volumes. Ideally, these streets should not penetrate identifiable neighborhoods. • Collector Streets - These streets serve as a link between local streets and the arterial system. Collector streets provide both access and traffic circulation within residential, commercial, and industrial areas. Moderate to low traffic volumes are characteristic of these streets. 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE 9-2 �I I I I • Subcollector Streets - Subcollector streets are those streets within a subdivision or development which collect traffic from streets interior to that subdivision or development. These streets are normally major ingress and egress avenues for the development area. Because "subcollector streets" are determined on a case-by-case basis associated with specific development proposals, this functional class of street is not part of the Major Thoroughfare network. • Local Streets - Local streets are composed of all facilities not of a higher order, with the sole function to provide direct access to abutting land uses and to higher order streets. Local streets provide the lowest level of mobility and, therefore, generally exhibit the lowest traffic volumes. Through-traffic on these streets is deliberately discouraged. Because these streets are developed in association with specific development proposals, this functional class of street is not part of the Major Thoroughfare network. I I I I I I I I I I I I b. Major Thoroughfare Network In the determination of the future major thoroughfare network for the City of Portage, existing and projected traffic volumes, the spacing of thoroughfares, and the type and intensity of development in the travel corridors are important factors. The guidelines in Table 9-1 were used in assigning a functional classification to the street network of the City of Portage to establish the Major Thoroughfare Plan (Figure 9-1 ). "Subcollector" and "local" streets are by definition excluded from the major thoroughfare designation because the primary function is to provide access to abutting property. The physical (e.g. , pavement and right-of-way width) and functional (e.g., existing and projected traffic volumes, street capacity and volume-to-capacity ratios) characteristics of the existing thoroughfares appear in Table 9-2. The projected traffic volumes are derived from the Kalamazoo Area Transportation Study (KATS) 2015 LongRange Transportation Plan (1995) which reflects a network based on funded project improvements (i.e., projects programmed for completion on or before 2015). Finally, while traffic volumes 15 years hence serve as the basis for the design of "capacity expansion" projects (i.e., roadway widenings, new roadways, and new interchanges), the preservation of right-of-way has a fifty year horizon reflective of a thoroughfare network necessary to accommodate travel when the community is fully developed. Table 9-3 documents future thoroughfare characteristics reflecting major roadway widening (i.e., addition of through travel lanes) and new roadways programmed for completion on or before the year 2015 per the KATS 2015 Long Range Transportation Plan. The designated Freeways are 1-94 and US 131. The designated Major Arterials are: • • • • Westnedge Avenue from Kilgore Road to Shaver Road. Shaver Road from Westnedge Avenue to the south city limits. Sprinkle Road from Kilgore Road to Nash Avenue (the east city limits). Centre Avenue from 12th Street to Sprinkle Road. The designation of Shaver Road and Sprinkle Road southward from Centre Avenue is more reflective of major arterial spacing than projected traffic volumes for the year 2015 . Based on year 2015 traffic volumes, the 4-lane divided major arterial design is applicable to all designated major arterials except for Westnedge Avenue. The 6-lane divided major arterial design is appropriate from Kilgore Road to Schuring Road. The designated Minor Arterials are: • • Westnedge A venue from Shaver Road to Centre A venue. Kilgore Road from Westnedge Avenue to Sprinkle Road. I I 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUSUPDATE I 9-3 �.. -----------------Table 9-1 THOROUGHFARE DESIGNATION GUIDELINES Classification Criteria Freeway/Expressway Trip Distance Provides for long-distance (over three miles) traffic movement between Portage and other metropolitan areas. Access Control Full access control -- no service to abutting land uses. Access points limited to other freeways and arterials with a minimum interchange spacing of one mile. Traffic Separation Signalization Opposing traffic flows are physically separated and cross streets are grade-separated except that expressways may have atgrade signalized intersections at least one mile apart. Not applicable. Traffic Volumes Over 50,000 average daily trips . Speed Number of Lanes 65 to 70 miles per hour 2 or more lanes in each direction. Land Use Linkages Major activity centers and the metropolitan core. Parallel Spacing Percent of System Variable, not less than 3 miles. 0 to 5 I 999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE Thoroughfare Designation Major Arterial Provides for long-distance (over three miles) traffic movement between Portage and other communities within the Kalamazoo metropolitan area. Limited access control -- very limited service to abutting land uses. Access control through frontage roads, raised medians, and the spacing and location of driveways and intersections. Opposing traffic flows are physically separated by a raised median. Collector and arterial cross streets may be signalized. Traffic signals are coordinated for progressive movement. 30,000 to 50,000 average daily trips. 35 to 45 miles per hour 2 or more lanes in each direction. Major activity centers and the metropolitan core. Usually form neighborhood boundaries. 1.5 to 2.0 miles 5 to IO Minor Arterial Collector Provides for moderate-distance (about 3 miles) traffic movement within Portage and between Portage and adjacent communities. Provides for short-distance (less than 3 miles) traffic movement between the local and arterial street systems in Portage. Partial access control -- moderate service to abutting land uses. Access control through raised medians, and the spacing and location of driveways and intersections. Opposing traffic flows are physically separated by a raised median or continuous left-tum lane. Collector and arterial cross streets may be signalized as well as major development entrances. Traffic signals may be coordinated for progressive movement. 15,000 to 50,000 average daily trips. 35 to 40 miles per hour 2 through lanes in each direction Provides direct access to abutting land uses and some access control through raised medians and the spacing and location of driveways and intersections. Opposing traffic flows are generally unseparated. Secondary activity centers. Occasionally form neighborhood boundaries. 0.75 to 1.0 miles 5 to 10 9-4 Some traffic signals are coordinated. 5,000 to 30,000 average daily trips. 30 miles per hour 1 or 2 through lanes in each direction Main neighborhood interior streets. 0.25 to 0.5 miles 5 to 10 �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I COMPREHENSIVE PLAN FIGURE 9-1 ~ MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN l =3500' 11 0- - - -@ INTERSTATE/EXPRESSWAY MAJOR ARTERIAL MINOR ARTERIAL - - - - - - - COLLECTOR ---Cl!!!!!!!C!!!!!!!!!::!!!!!!!!!!::!!!!!!!W ' I ' EAST-WEST CORRIDOR STUDY AREA FOR ROMENCE ROAD PARKWAY EXTENSION I -----+---- I 131 ----- i----~I I' I CUI• - - 1 1 I, I I, ------1-----r-1 I ------' __ j' ___ _ = ~ ' I -r---- - -- ,:- JANUARY 22, 1999 �. •-----,. 11111 • . "" - ..I ..I ..I ...J -' _j -I _J _) ...,I • I Table 9-2 EXISTING THOROUGHFARE STREET SEGMENT CHARACTERISTICS Street Class Street Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Milham Milham Milham Milham Milham Milham Milham Milham Oakland Oakland Oakland Oakland Oakland Oakland Oakland Portage Portage Portage Portage Sprinkle Sprinkle Sprinkle Sprinkle Sprinkle From Kilgore Andy Idaho Milham Mall Ruth Hudson Romence Garden Schuring Shaver Centre Melody I211l Heverly Oakland Constitution Westnedge Conrail RR Lovers Ln Sprinkle Kilgore 1-94 Milham Romence Centre Shaver Osterhout Kilgore Milham Centre Osterhout Kilgore Meredith Milham Bishop Centre To Andy Idaho Milham Mall Ruth Hudson Romence Garden Schuring Shaver Centre Melody Osterhout Heverly Oakland Constitution Westnedge Conrail RR Lovers Ln Portage E City Limits 1-94 Milham Romence Centre Shaver Osterhout S. City Limits Milham Centre Osterhout Mandigo Meredith Milham Bishop Centre Nash Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Minor Art. Collector Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Collector Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN- STATUS UPDATE Jurisdiction Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage KCRC Portage KCRC KCRC KCRC KCRC KCRC Lanes 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 4 3 2 2 3 4 5 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 5 4 4 2 5 5 5 4 2 Pavement Width 60 60 60 72 72 72 72 57 57 60 44 38 24 22 33 48 58 48 48 24 24 40 48 24 24 22 22 22 59 44 44 24 60 60 60 48 24 Row Width Posted Speed Curb& Gutter Daily Capacity Daily Traffic Year Present V/CRatio 201SADT (a) 66 to 93 66to 119 83 to 100 83 to 125 93 to 110 93 to I IO 90to 110 66 to 93 66 to 93 66 to 93 99 66 to 86 66 66 66 66 83 66 to 83 66 to 83 66 66 66 to 135 66 to 99 66 66 66 66 66 100 66 to 100 66 to 100 66 100 100 l00 100 66 to 100 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 30 30 40 40 35 35 35 35 35 35 25 35 35 40 40 40 40 40 45 45 40-45 45 50 50 50 50 50 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 50% No Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Yes Yes Yes No Val Gut Pvd Sldr Yes Yes Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Yes Yes 12% No No 40% No No No 34,200 34,200 34,200 40,500 40,500 40,500 40,500 32,200 32,200 32,200 30,600 17,000 16,200 16,200 17,000 30,600 32,200 32,500 32,500 16,200 16,200 30,600 30,600 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 34,200 32,500 32,500 16,200 34,200 34,200 34,200 32,500 24,700 31,472 38,688 44,564 36,632 36,632 30,1 I I 31 ,708 27,000 27,000 19,805 7,710 8,644 5,999 8,906 13,509 26,078 14,021 15,819 14,559 I 1,559 2,060 23,547 31,865 12,929 19,190 5,203 4,243 2,216 23,098 14,614 17,629 8,000 19,000 17,000 17,000 17,000 11,000 1998 1998 1997 1998 1998 1997 1998 1997 1997 1998 1998 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1997 1998 1997 1998 1998 1998 1998 1997 1998 1997 1997 1998 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 0.92 1.13 1.30 0.90 0.90 0.74 0.78 0.84 0.84 0.61 0.25 0.51 0.37 0.55 0.79 0.85 0.44 0.49 0.45 0.71 0.13 0.77 1.04 0.80 1.18 0.32 0.26 0.14 0.68 0.45 0.54 0.49 0.56 0.50 0.50 0.52 0.45 32,500 47,000 42,000 39,000 • 28,500 29,500 29,500 22,500 22,500 20,000 9,500 8,000 7,000 16,000 16,000 28,000 23,500 19,000 19,500 8,000 3,000 28,000 36,000 25,500 21,500 9,000 4,000 4,000 37,000 23,000 17,500 13,000 29,000 31,000 29,000 29,000 18,500 9-6 2015V/C Ratio 0.95 1.37 1.23 0.96 0.70 0.73 0.73 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.31 0.47 0.43 0.99 0.94 0.92 0.73 0.58 0.60 0.49 0.19 0.92 1.18 1.57 1.33 0.56 0.25 0.25 1.08 0.71 0.54 0.80 0.85 0.91 0.85 0.89 0.75 - I �. ,. • ~ Street Class Street Centre Centre Centre Centre Centre Centre Romence Romence Romence Romence Bishop Bishop Bishop Lovers Ln Lovers Ln Lovers Ln Lovers Ln Lovers Ln Lovers Ln Kilgore JUlgore JUlgore JUlgore JUlgore Kilgore Angling Vincent Angling Angling Angling Vanderbilt Osterhout Osterhout Shaver Shaver Shaver Moors bridge Moorsbridge Moors bridge Schuring Garden From 121b Oakland Westnedge Waylee Portage Sprinkle Angling Oakland Sears Westnedge Portage Mastenbrook Sprinkle Kilgore 1-94 Milham Romence Garden Centre Oakland Westnedge Burdick Lovers Ln Portage Conrail RR Merryview Angling Milham Romence Centre Angling Shaver Westnedge Westnedge Centre Melody Centre N .Old Centre Muirfield Oakland Westnedge To Oakland Westnedge Waylee Portage Sprinkle E City Limits Oakland Sears Westnedge Lovers Lane Mastenbrook Sprinkle E City Limits 1-94 Milham Romence Garden Centre Forest Westnedge Burdick Lovers Ln Portage Conrail RR Sprinkle Vincent Oakland Romence Centre Vanderbilt Shaver Westnedge Portage Centre Melody S City Limits N.Old Centre Muirfield Romence Westnedge Lovers Ln Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Collector Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art . Minor Art. Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Collector Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE Jurisdiction Portage Portage KCRC KCRC KCRC Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Kalamazoo Portage Portage Portage Kalamazoo Kalamazoo Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Lanes 4 5 5 3 2 2 2 3 4 4 3 2 2 4 2 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Pavement Width 48 55 55 36 24 22 24 35 44 44 36 22 23 44 24 44 44 44 24 24 44 44 24 44 44 24 24 22 24 24 22 21 24 55 24 24 2@24 34 28 22 21 Row Width 83 to 120 76 to 86 66 to 86 66 to 86 66 66 66 66 66 132 to 186 66 66 66 66 to 83 66 to 83 66 to 99 66 to 99 66 to 99 66 to 99 66 to 83 66 to 83 66 to 83 66 to 120 66 to 120 66 66 to 83 66 66 to 83 66 to 105 66 to 90 66 66 66 66 to 73 78 to 100 78 to 200 66 to 100 66 66 66 33 to 66 ~ ~ Posted Speed 45 45 35 35-45 45 40 35 35 35 35 45 45 40 35 35 40 40 40 25 35 35 35 35 45 45 25 25 -35 35 35 35 35 40 40 35 45 45-50 30 30 30 30 35 Curb& Gutter Yes Yes Yes Pvd Steir No Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Yes Yes Yes Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Yes Pvd Sldr Yes Yes Yes Pvd Sldr No Yes Yes Pvd Sldr Yes Yes Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Yes Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Yes Yes Pvd Sldr 20% Pvd Sldr -~ Daily Capacity 32,500 34,200 34,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 32,500 34,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 32,500 16,200 32,500 32,500 32,500 16,200 16,200 32,500 32,500 16,200 32,500 32,500 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 24,700 16,200 16,200 34,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 9-7 -, -~ Daily Traffic 23,941 16,988 17,500 16,000 21,377 2,058 10,541 13,662 13,662 10,045 Year 8,064 8,064 2,377 15,412 15,815 13,848 16,628 14,450 4,500 16,644 16,644 17, 176 14,009 14,500 7,000 1,991 2,500 3,897 5,136 1,459 2,037 3,332 3,263 22,214 14,122 8,500 4,000 4,730 5,842 3,052 2, 132 1998 1998 1998 1998 1998 1997 1998 1998 1997 1997 1998 1998 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1998 1998 1998 1997 1997 1997 1998 1997 1997 1997 1997 1998 1997 1998 1998 1997 1997 1997 1998 1997 1998 1998 1997 ----Present V/C Ratio 0.74 0.50 0.51 0.99 1.32 0.13 0.65 0.84 0.42 0.29 0.50 0.50 0.15 0.47 0.98 0.43 0.51 0.44 0.28 0.51 0.51 0.53 0.86 0.45 0.22 0.12 0.15 0 .24 0.32 0.09 0.08 0.20 0.20 0.65 0.87 0.52 0.25 0.29 0.36 0.19 0. 13 ~ 201SADT (a) 31 ,500 23,500 28,000 27,500 15,500 3,000 4,000 14,000 14,500 17,500 17,000 17,000 4,500 27,000 24,000 18,500 12,000 12,000 5,500 16,500 16,000 27,000 16,500 20,000 20,000 1,700 2,500 4,000 4,S00 3,000 2,000 4,500 5,500 11 ,000 18,500 15,000 5,000 5,000 6,000 5,000 3,000 ~ 2015 VIC Ratio 0.97 0.69 0.82 1.70 0.96 0.19 0.25 0.86 0.45 0.51 I.OS I.OS 0.28 0.83 1.48 0.57 0.37 0.37 0.34 1.02 0.49 0.83 1.02 0.62 0.62 0.10 0.15 0.25 0.28 0.19 0.08 0.28 0.34 0 .32 1.14 0.93 0.31 0.31 0.37 0.31 0.19 ~ �;I 4 .... .. -• Street Class Street From Mall Mall Constitution Constitution Forest Zylman S 12th Street S 12th Street S I 2th Street S 12th Street Nash East Shore Mandigo Newport Newport Gladys Gladys Bacon Meredith Melody Melody Ramona East Shore Cox's Dr Cox's Dr Winters Old Centre Old Centre Constitution JC Penny Milham Mall Lovers Ln Portage N City Limits Hickory Hill Milham Centre E Shore Mandigo Portage Milham Alfa Newport Gladys Ser Dr Westnedge Kilgore Shaver Dolphin Lovers Ln Nash East Shore Zylman Lovers Ln Centre Cooley To JC Penny Westnedge Mall Romence Portage Sprinkle Hickory Hill Milham Centre S City Limits Sprinkle Nash E Shore Alfa Gladys Gladys Ser Dr Westnedge Portage Sprinkle Dolphin Westnedge Portage Cox's Dr Zylman E Centre Portage Cooley Moorsbridge Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector -... Jurisdiction Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage KCRC KCRC KCRC KCRC Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage 1 ~ ~ -~ t ~ -'Ill Row Width Posted Speed Curb& Gutter Daily Capacity Daily Traffic Year Lanes Pavement Width Present VIC Ratio 3 3 4 4 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 35 35 2@23 2@23 24 24 22 44 24 21 22 22 22 2@14 34 22 36 24 28 22 34 22 22 22 22 24 22 34 66 66 100 100 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 30 to 66 66 66 to 99 66 66 66 to 100+ 66 51 to 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 35 25 35 35 25 45 45 45 45 -55 55 25 25-35 35 25 25 25 25 35 30 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 30 30 Yes Yes Yes Yes Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr No Yes No No No No Pvd Sldr Yes Yes No Yes Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr No Yes No No No No Pvd Sldr No Yes 16,200 16,200 34,200 34,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 17,000 16,200 16,200 25,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 8,425 11 ,459 13,956 9,420 2,013 2,671 5,000 9,843 3,500 2,500 801 492 1,270 3,087 3,087 4,000 7,461 1,850 6,3fl 1,828 2,500 2,323 2,000 1,743 1,743 2,000 2,193 2,193 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1998 1998 1997 1998 1997 1997 1998 1997 1997 1998 1996 1996 1997 1997 1997 0.52 0.71 0.41 0.27 0.12 0.16 0.31 0.61 0.22 0.16 0.05 0.03 0.08 0.18 0.18 0.25 0.30 0.11 0.39 0.11 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.1 I 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.14 Sources: Capacities from Florida's Level of Service Standards and Guidelines Manual for Planning applied by The Corradino Group. Year 2015 volumes derived from Kalamazoo Area Transportation Study Long-Range Transportation Plan (1995). Note: (a) The Year 2015 average daily traffic volumes are based on the future roadway network with programmed roadway improvements adopted by KATS. 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE .-~ 9-8 ~ 201SADT (a) 15,500 12,500 13,500 4,000 3,000 4,000 12,000 12,000 6,000 7,000 1,500 1,000 3,000 6,500 6,500 5,000 8,500 2,000 5,500 3,000 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,000 1,500 1,500 ~ 2015 VIC Ratio 0.96 0.77 0.39 0.12 0.19 0.24 0.74 0.74 0.37 0.43 0.09 0.06 0.18 0.38 0.40 0.31 0.34 0.12 0.34 0.19 0.22 0 .. 22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.16 0.09 0.09 :--ti �~ ,.. ..... ... -1!111 --- -"111111 ._.... _... -.... -"1111 ,-__.... ~ -~ -.... ~ --.. -.... Table 9-3 PROPOSED THOROUGHFARE STREET SEGMENT CHARACTERISTICS (changes from existing in bold and shaded) Street Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Westnedge Milham Milham Milham Milham Milham Milham Milham Milham Oakland Oakland Oakland Oakland Oakland Oakland Oakland Portage Portage Portage Portage Sprinkle Sprinkle Sprinkle From Kilgore Andy Idaho Milham Mall Ruth Hudson Romence Garden Schuring Shaver Centre Melody 12th Heverly Oakland Constitution Westnedge Conrail RR Lovers Lane Sprinkle Kilgore 1-94 Milham Romence Centre Shaver Osterhout Kilgore Milham Centre Osterhout Kilgore Meredith Milham To Andy Idaho Milham Mall Ruth Hudson Romence Garden Schuring Shaver Centre Melody Osterhout Heverly Oakland Constitution Westnedge Conrail RR Lovers Lane Portage E City Limits 1-94 Milham Romence Centre Shaver Osterhout S. City Limits Milham Centre Osterhout Mandigo Meredith Milham Bishop Street Class Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Minor Art. Collector Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Collector Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN • STATUS UPDATE Jurisdiction Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage KCRC Portage KCRC KCRC KCRC Lanes 5 5 6-7 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 4 3 2 4 5 s 5 5 5 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 5 4 4 2 5 5 5 Pavement Width 60 60 72 to 84 72 72 72 72 57 57 60 44 38 24 48 58 58 58 58 58 48 24 40 48 48 48 22 22 22 59 44 44 24 60 60 60 Row Width 66 to 93 66 110 83 to 125 93 to 110 93to 110 90toll0 66 to 93 66 to 93 66 to 93 99 66 to 86 66 83 83 83 83 66 to 83 66 to 83 83 66 66 to 135 66 to 99 83 83 66 66 66 100 66 to 100 66 to 100 66 JOO 100 100 Posted Speed 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 30 30 40 40 35 35 35 35 35 35 25 35 35 40 40 40 40 40 45 45 40-45 45 50 50 50 Curb& Gutter Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 50% No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Pvd Sldr Yes Yes Yes Yes Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Yes Yes 12% No No 40% No Daily Capacity 34,200 34,200 40,500 40,500 40,500 40,500 40,500 32,200 32,200 32,200 30,600 17,000 16,200 32,500 34,200 32,200 32,200 34,200 34,200 32.500 16,200 30,600 30,600 32,500 32,500 16,200 16,200 16,200 34,200 32,500 32,500 16,200 34,200 34,200 34,200 9-9 Daily Traffic 31 ,472 38,688 44,564 36,632 36,632 30,111 31,708 27,000 27,000 19,805 7,710 8,644 5,999 8,906 13,509 26,078 14,021 15,819 14,559 11,559 2,060 23,547 31,865 12,929 19,190 5,203 4,243 2,216 23,098 14,614 17,629 8,000 19,000 17,000 17,000 Year 1998 1998 1997 1998 1998 1997 1998 1997 1997 1998 1998 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1997 1998 1997 1998 1998 1998 1998 1997 1998 1997 1997 1998 1997 1997 1997 1997 Present V/C Ratio 0.92 1.13 1.30 0.90 0.90 0.74 0.78 0.84 0.84 0.61 0.25 0.51 0.37 0.55 0.40 0.85 0.44 0.49 0.43 0.36 0.13 0.77 1.04 0.80 1.18 0.32 0.26 0. 14 0.68 0.45 0.54 0.49 0.56 0.50 0.50 ~ 2015 ADT (a) 32,500 47,000 42,000 39,000 28,500 29,500 29,500 22,500 22,500 20,000 9,500 8,000 7,000 16,000 16,000 28,000 23,500 19,000 19,500 8,000 3,000 28,000 36,000 25 ,500 21 ,500 9,000 4,000 4,000 37,000 23,000 17,500 13,000 29,000 31,000 29,000 2015 VIC Ratio 0.95 1.37 1.10 0.96 0.70 0.73 0.73 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.31 0.47 0.43 0.49 0.47 0.87 0.73 0.S6 0.57 0.25 0. 19 0.92 1.18 0.78 0.66 0.56 0.25 0.25 1.08 0.71 0.54 0.80 0.85 0.91 0.85 �... Street Sprinkle Sprinkle Centre Centre Centre Centre Centre Centre Romence Romence Romence Romence Romence Bishop Bishop Bishop Lovers Ln Lovers Ln Lovers Ln Lovers Ln Lovers Ln Lovers Ln Kilgore Kilgore Kilgore Kilgore Kilgore Kilgore Angling Vincent Angling Angling Angling Vanderbilt Vanderbilt Osterhout Osterhout Shaver Shaver Shaver Moors bridge .... ..... From Bishop Centre 12th Oakland Westnedge Waylee Portage Sprinkle Angling Oakland Sears Westnedge Loves Lane Portage Mastenbrook Sprinkle Kilgore 1-94 Milham Romence Garden Centre Oakland Westnedge Burdick Lovers Ln Portage Conrail RR Merryview Angling Milham Romence Centre Angling Shaver Shaver Westnedge Westnedge Centre Melody Centre ~ To Centre Nash Oakland Westnedge Waylee Portage Sprinkle E City Limits Oakland Sears Westnedge Lovers Lane Portage Mastenbrook Sprinkle E City Limits 1-94 Milham Romence Garden Centre Forest Westnedge Burdick Lovers Ln Portage Conrail RR Sprinkle Vincent Oakland Romence Centre Vanderbilt Shaver Westnedge Westnedge Portage Centre Melody S City Limits N.Old Centre ~ Street Class Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Collector Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Collector Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Major Art. Major Art. Major Art. Collector I 999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE ...... Jurisdiction KCRC KCRC Portage Portage KCRC KCRC KCRC Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Kalamazoo Portage Portage Portage Kalamazoo Kalamazoo Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage - ..... ..... Lanes 4 4 4 Pavement Width 48 48 48 5 5 55 55 5 2 2 2 3 5 4 4 3 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 55 24 22 24 35 5 55 4 4 2 44 44 2@24 55 44 44 36 22 23 44 44 44 44 44 24 36 44 44 44 44 44 24 24 22 24 24 22 36 21 24 Row Width 100 66 to 100 83 lo 120 76 to 86 66 to 86 66 to 86 66 66 66 66 66 132 to 186 100 66 66 66 66 to 83 66 to 83 66 to 99 66 to 99 66 to 99 66 to 99 66 to 83 66 to 83 66 to 83 66 to 120 66 to 120 66 66 to 83 66 66 to 83 66 to 105 66 to 90 66 66 66 66 66 to 73 78 to 100 78 to 200 66 to 100 -"11111 Posted Speed 50 50 45 45 35 35-45 45 40 35 35 35 35 35 45 45 40 35 35 40 40 40 25 35 35 35 35 45 45 25 25-35 35 35 35 35 35 40 40 35 45 45-50 30 ~ Curb& Gutter No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Yes Yes Yes Yes Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Pvd Sldr Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Yes Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr Yes Yes Yes Yes .--.. Daily Capacity 32,500 32,500 32,500 34,200 34,200 32,500 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 34,200 34,200 32,500 16,200 16,200 16,200 32,500 32,500 32,500 32,500 32,500 16,200 16,900 32,500 32,500 32,500 32,500 32,500 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 24,700 16,200 16,200 16,200 34,200 32,500 32,500 16,200 9- 10 ~ :---.- Daily Year Traffic 17,000 1997 1997 11,000 23,941 1998 16,988 1998 17,500 1997 16,000 1997 1997 21,377 2,058 1998 10,541 1997 13,662 1998 13,662 1998 10,045 1997 new road 8,064 1998 8,064 1998 2,377 1998 15,412 1998 15,815 1998 13,848 1997 16,628 1998 14,450 1998 4,500 1997 16,644 1997 16,644 1998 17, 176 1998 14,009 1997 14,500 1997 1997 7,000 1,991 1997 1997 2,500 1997 3,897 5,136 1998 1,459 1998 2,037 1998 new road 3,332 1997 3,263 1997 22,214 1997 14,122 1998 8,500 1997 4,000 1997 ~ -'111111 Present V/C Ratio 0.52 0.34 0.74 0.50 0.51 0.49 1.32 0. 13 0.65 0.84 0.42 0.29 new road 0.50 0.50 0.15 0.47 0.98 0.43 0.51 0.44 0.28 0.51 0.51 0.53 0.43 0.45 0.22 0.12 0. 15 0.24 0.32 0.09 0.08 new road 0.20 0.20 0.65 0.87 0.26 0.25 2015ADT (a) 29,000 18,500 31,500 23,500 28,000 27,500 15,500 3,000 4,000 14,000 14,500 17,500 12,700 17,000 17,000 4,500 27,000 24,000 18,500 12,000 12,000 5,500 16,500 16,000 27,000 16,500 20,000 20,000 1,700 2,500 4,000 4,500 3,000 2,000 3,000 4,500 5,500 11 ,000 18,500 15,000 5,000 . ..--., 2015 VIC Ratio 0.89 0.57 0.97 0.69 0.82 0.8S 0.96 0.19 0.25 0.86 0.40 0.51 0.39 1.05 1.05 0.28 0.83 0.74 0.57 0.37 0.37 0.34 0.98 0.49 0.83 0.51 0.62 0.62 0.10 0.15 0.25 0.28 0 .19 0.08 0.18 0.28 0.34 0.32 0.57 0.46 0.31 --.. �~ '11111 Street Moorsbridge Moorsbridge Schuring Garden Mall Mall Constitution Constitution Forest Zylman S 12th Street S 12th Street S 12th Street S 12th Street Nash East Shore Mandigo Newport Newport Gladys Gladys Bacon Meredith Melody Melody Ramona East Shore Cox's Dr Cox's Dr Winters Old Centre Old Centre . ...... From N.Old Centre Muirfield Oakland Westnedge Constitution JC Penny Milham Mall Lovers Ln Portage N City Limits Hickory Hill Milham Centre E Shore Mandigo Portage Milham Alfa Newport Gladys Ser Dr Westnedge Kilgore Shaver Dolphin Lovers Ln Nash East Shore Zylman Lovers Lane Centre Cooley . To Muirfield Romence Westnedge Lovers Ln JC Penny Westnedge Mall Romence Portage Sprinkle Hickory Hill Milham Centre S City Limits Sprinkle Nash E Shore Alfa Gladys Gladys Ser Dr Westnedge Portage Sprinkle Dolphin Westnedge Portage Cox ' s Dr Zylman E Centre Portage Cooley Moors bridge ..... -1111 Street Class Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Minor Art. Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector Collector -.... _.._ Jurisdiction Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage KCRC KCRC KCRC KCRC Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Portage Lanes 2 2 2 2 . 4 s 4 4 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ~ -"'Ill Pavement Width 34 28 22 21 44 , ,,, ~ •. 58 2@23 2@23 24 24 22 44 24 21 22 22 22 2@14 34 22 36 24 28 22 34 22 22 22 22 24 22 34 -.... -... _... ,--.. Row Width 66 66 66 33 to 66 ~, ,. 80 80 C 100 100 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 30 to 66 66 66 to 99 66 66 66 to 100+ 66 51 to 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 Posted Speed 30 30 30 35 35 25 35 35 25 45 45 45 45 -55 55 25 25-35 35 25 25 25 25 35 30 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 30 30 Curb& Gutter Yes Pvd Sldr 20% Pvd Sldr Yes Yes Yes Yes Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr No Yes No No No No Pvd Sldr Yes Yes No Yes Pvd Sldr Pvd Sldr No Yes No No No No Pvd Sldr No Yes Daily Capacity 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 32,500 34,200 34,200 34,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 17,000 16,200 16,200 25,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 16,200 ~ Daily Traffic 4,730 5,842 3,052 2,132 8,425 11,459 13,956 9,420 2,013 2,671 5,000 9,843 3,500 2,500 801 492 1,270 3,087 3,087 4,000 7,461 1,850 6,311 2,000 2,500 2,323 2,000 1,743 1,743 1,828 2,193 2,193 ~ Year 1997 1997 1998 1997 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1998 1998 1997 1998 1997 1997 1998 1997 1997 1998 1996 1996 1997 1997 1997 Sources: Capacities from Florida 's Level of Service Standards and Guidelines Manual for Planning applied by The Corradino Group. Year 2015 volumes derived from Kalamazoo Area Transportation Study Long-Range Transportation Plan ( 1995). Note: (a) The Year 2015 average daily traffic volumes are based on the future roadway network with programmed roadway improvements adopted by KATS. 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE 9-11 ~ --.ii Present V/C Ratio 0.29 0.36 0.19 0.13 0.52 0.71 0.41 0.27 0.12 0 .16 0.31 0 .61 0.22 0. 16 0.05 O.QJ 0.08 0.18 0.18 0.25 0.30 0.11 0.39 0.12 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0. 14 0.14 2015ADT (a) 5,000 6,000 5,000 3,000 15,500 12,500 13,500 4,000 3,000 4,000 12,000 12,000 6,000 7,000 1,500 1,000 3,000 6,500 6,500 5,000 8,500 2,000 5,500 3,000 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,000 1,500 1,500 . ~ 2015 V/C Ratio 0.31 0.37 0.31 0.19 ~t 0.48 0.37 0.39 0.12 0.19 0.24 0.74 0.74 0.37 0.43 0.09 0.06 0.18 0.38 0.40 0.31 0.34 0.12 0.34 0.19 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.16 0.09 0.09 ~ �r r r r r r f • • • • • • • Milham Avenue from 12th Street to Portage Road. Romence Road and Romence Road Parkway from Oakland Drive to Lovers Lane. Bishop Road from Portage Road to Sprinkle Road. 12th Street from the north city limits to the south city limits Oakland Driv6 from Kilgore Road to Shaver Road. Lovers Lane from Kilgore Road to Centre Avenue. Portage Road from Kilgore Road to Mandigo Avenue (the south city limits). The designated collectors are: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Westnedge Avenue from Centre Avenue to Osterhout Avenue. Milham Avenue from Sprinkle Road to east City limits. Oakland Drive from Shaver Road to south City limits. Centre Avenue from Sprinkle Road to east City limits. Romence Road from Angling Road to Oakland Drive. Bishop Avenue from Sprinkle Road to east City limits. Lovers Lane from Centre A venue to Forest Drive. Kilgore Road from Oakland Drive to Westnedge Avenue. Angling Road from Merryview Drive to Vincent Avenue. Vincent Avenue from Angling Road to Oakland Drive. Angling Road from Milham Avenue to Vanderbilt Avenue. Vanderbilt Avenue from Angling Road to Shaver Road. Osterhout Avenue from Shaver Road to Portage Road. Moorsbridge Road from Centre Avenue to Romence Road. Schuring Road from Oakland Drive to Westnedge Avenue. Garden Lane from Westnedge Avenue to Lovers Lane. Mall Drive from Constitution Boulevard to Westnedge Avenue. Constitution Boulevard from Milham Avenue to Romence Road Forest Drive from Lovers Lane to Portage Road. Zylman Avenue from Portage Road to Sprinkle Road. Nash Avenue from East Shore Drive to Sprinkle Road. Cox's Drive from Centre Avenue to East Shore Drive. East Shore Drive from Mandigo Avenue to Nash Avenue. East Shore Drive from Cox's Drive to Nash Avenue. Mandigo Avenue from Portage Road to East Shore Drive. Newport Road from Milham Avenue to Gladys. Gladys from Newport Road to Westnedge Avenue. Bacon Avenue from Westnedge Avenue to Portage Road. Meredith Street from Kilgore Road to Sprinkle Road. Melody Avenue from Shaver Road to Westnedge Road. Winters Drive from Lovers Lane to Portage Road. Old Centre Road from Centre Avenue to Moorsbridge Road. Ramona A venue from Lovers Lane to Portage Road. The Thoroughfare Plan (Figure 9-1 and Table 9-3) identifies two new roadways: • • The extension of Romence Road Parkway at Lovers Lane to Portage Road. The connection of Shaver Road to Westnedge Avenue in the vicinity of South Westnedge Park. The proposed extension of Romence Road Parkway from Lovers Lane to Portage Road will provide the final link in creating an additional east-west thoroughfare through the City of Portage. This new facility would improve access to commercial areas along Westnedge Avenue (which is the most congested facility in the City of Portage) and helps distribute traffic among alternative north-south corridors. The proposed alignment must be finalized. 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE 9-12 �f f However, the east-west corridor would be generally situated in the Study Area from Milham Avenue to Centre A venue, between Lovers Lane and Portage Road. If the extension of Romence Road Parkway is moved far northward or southward, the impact on the built Pharmacia-Upjohn campus is diminished, but the more non-direct or circuitous the corridor route, the less effective the facility is as an east-west corridor. Within the East-West Corridor Study Area, alternative alignment studies will be necessary to properly plan and determine the optimum location for the parkway extension, with the involvement of affected property owners. The proposed corridor would be designated a minor arterial. On the approximate alignment of Vanderbilt A venue, the connection of Shaver Road to Westnedge Avenue along the south side of South Westnedge Park is proposed to improve the spacing of east-west facilities in the two-mile distance between Melody Avenue and Osterhout A venue, and to improve access to the Shaver Road industrial corridor. The Collector roadway should be tied into the development of an internal roadway network on the east side of the Conrail tracks in the Shaver Road industrial corridor. Any thoroughfares not cited above are designated as Collectors. 2. Thoroughfare Design Standards To properly plan for thoroughfare needs, it is necessary to consider the following criteria standards: • The physical roadway standards (i.e., right-of-way, lane width, etc.) necessary to support anticipated traffic volumes and vehicular maneuvers. • The capacity standards of different street types in terms of traffic-carrying ability. Table 9-4, Street Cross Section Standards, indicates the desirable design standards for thoroughfares by functional class. Thereafter, typical cross-sections for these streets are shown graphically in the accompanying Figure 9-2. 3. a. Identification of Transportation Improvements Functional Adequacy Functional adequacy refers to the capabilities of a roadway to accommodate traffic flow. Referring to Table 9-2, present and future daily traffic are compared to the capacity of the roadway to accommodate traffic referring to the present and future volume-to-capacity (v/c) ratios. A v/c ratio of 0.90 to 0.99 indicates that the facility is approaching capacity and improvements should be examined in the immediate future. A v/c ratio of l.00 to l.20 means that the facility is operating at capacity, has little capability of handling future traffic growth, is highly congested during the peak hours, and should be considered for capacity improvement. A v/c ratio over l .20 indicates that the facility will likely break down during peak hours and that capacity improvements should be in the planning or later stages. Major development projects which may have a significant impact on the major thoroughfare network need to complete a traffic impact analysis in conjunction with the review of the site plan. b. Major Highway Needs Major highway capacity expansion needs over the next sixteen years (I 999 through 2015) are based on the Kalamazoo Area Transportation Study (KATS) 2015 Long-Range Transportation Plan (1995) which is the 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN- STATUS UPDATE 9-13 �J .... ·-.I -,Ill ~ ~ -ill ___.. ~ -'Ill --- ---I _. -Ill _.., __.., ---.1 Table 9-4 STREET CROSS SECTION STANDARDS Functional Class Pavement Cross Section Auxiliary Bikeway (a) Lanes Minimum Right-of-Way Number of Moving Lanes Through Lanes Varies 4 to 8 12' per lane 12' each Major Arterial 100' to 140' (a) 4 to 6 11' or 12' per lane Minor Arterial 100' to 120' (b) 4 70' to 90' 2 Freeway Collector Notes: Border Section Outer Separation Sidewalk Curb & Gutter Each Side Median Divider N.A. Paved shoulder Varies N.A. N.A. 12' or 14' (b) 6' (c) 2' Min. 16' (d) 5' 5' 11' or 12' per lane 12' or 14' (b) 6' (c) 2' 12' or 14' (d) 5' 5' 11' or 12' per lane 11' or 12' 4' (c) 2' None (d) 5' 5' (a) Additional right-of-way width within 500 feet of the intersection may be required for separate tum lanes. (b) 14-foot left-tum lanes may be required when a median does not provide separation for opposing traffic. (c) The bike lane width may be reduced by one foot, assuming a continuous curb and gutter section that is suitable for bicycles, or may be eliminated if a parallel bikeway facility exists. (d) A raised median or median barrier curb is highly desirable for major arterials. A continuous left-tum lane is most likely for minor arterials although a median may be appropriate in some cases. A continuous left-tum is required for all collectors. Source: The Corradino Group. 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE 9-14 ---1111 �Figure 9-2 URBAN SECTIONS r1. 2' Curb & Gutter Cr: Bikeway(c)22· or 24'/33' or 36' 32' or 34'/43' or 44' Travelway • I I 2' Curb & Gutter7 6' Bikeway(c), •1 2' Curb & Gutter i,.-.--=22~·=or'-'2'-'4.,_, '/3=3_, ' o,..,_r-=-36:...'- - ~ •1-,.__]--'---+i•1 Median Varies _ _ _ _ _ 32_'_o=-r34_ '/4_3_'o_r_44_'_ _ _ _M....,.e_di➔ a ,.....,..------.i min. 16' Travelway 100' - 140' R.O.W.(a) MAJOR ARTERIAL(> 35mph) (4-lane or 6-lane divided)(b,d) NOTE: (a) (b) (c) (d) Wider right-of-way width within 500' of intersection for separate lanes. 14' left-tum lanes may be required when a median does not provide separation from opposing traffic. 6' bike lane may be reduced to 5' assuming 1' of continuous curb & gutter section is sui1able for bike lane. A raised median or median barrier is highly desirable. ~mii:=~=~============i'· • n 1' 5' Sid walk & Gutter 11 2·~ Curb 6' Bikeway(c) I • l ,I, 2' Curb & Gutter "il ~ 1==:llI , , 6' Bikeway(ch I 1' 55 or60 .~ 71' or 76' Media Travelway min. ' 5• dewalk 100' • 120' R.O.W.(a) MINOR ARTERIAL (> 35mph) (5-lane undivided)(b,d) NOTE: (a) (b) (c) (d) Wider right-of-way width within 500' of intersection for separate lanes. 14' left-tum lanes may be required when a median does not provide separation from opposing traffic. 6' bike lane may be reduced to 5' assuming 1' of continuous curb & gutter section is suitable for bike lane. A continuous left-tum lane is most likely although a median may be appropriate in some cases. T 1' 5' Sid walk 1 Travelway min. · 5' S dewalk 70' - 90' R.O.W.(a) COLLECTOR (< 35mph) (3-lane undivided)(b) NOTE: (a) Wider right-of-way width within 500' of intersection for separate lanes. (b) A continuous left-tum lane is required for all collectors. (c) 4' bike lane may be reduced to 3' assuming 1' of continuous curb & gutter section is suitable for bike lane. Source: The Corradino Group �• - COMPREHENSIVE PLA - FIGURE 9-3 FUNDED EXPANSION PROJECTS l 11 = 3500' MAJOR IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS EAST-WEST CORRIDOR STUDY AREA FOR ROMENCE ROAD PARKWAY EXTENSION ci 0 "' X 0 ZYLHAN U - I -----' I __ j' ___ _ ' I - JANUARY 22 1999 �r r r metropolitan basis for capacity expansion street improvement projects (unless the improvement is on a locally maintained street and entirely funded by the local jurisdiction). KATS examined future roadway capacity expansion needs, and developed a year 2015 future highway network based on fiscal constraints (i.e., traditionally available funding sources for capacity expansion) and the functional capacity of the future highway network. Thus, the year 2015 traffic volumes are based on the presumption that funded highway capacity expansion projects will be built on or before the year 2015. (KATS funded capacity expansion projects appear in Figure 9-3 and are described in the next section.) Based on year 2015 traffic volumes (Table 9-2), the following facilities will be "over capacity" (i.e., a volume-tocapacity ratio over 1.2): • • • • Westnedge A venue from Andy Avenue to Milham A venue. Oakland Drive from Milham Avenue to Centre Avenue. Centre Avenue from Waylee Street to Portage Road. Lovers Lane from I-94 to Milham Avenue. Based on year 2015 traffic volumes, the following facilities will be operating "at capacity" (i.e., volume-to-capacity ratio 1.0 to 1.2): r r r r r r r r r . • • • • • • Oakland Drive from I-94 to Milham Avenue. Portage Road from Kilgore Road to Milham Avenue. Bishop Avenue from Portage Road to Sprinkle Road. Kilgore Road from Oakland Drive to Westnedge Avenue. Kilgore Road from Lovers Lane to Portage Road. Shaver Road from Centre Avenue to Melody Avenue. Based on year 2015 traffic volumes, the following facilities will be "approaching capacity" (i.e., volume-to-capacity ratio 0.90 to 0.99): • • • • • • • • • c. Westnedge Avenue from Kilgore Road to Andy Avenue. Westnedge Avenue from Milham Avenue to Mall Drive. Milham Avenue from 12th Street to Constitution Boulevard. Oakland Drive from Kilgore Road to I-94. Sprinkle Road from Meredith Street to Milham Avenue. Centre Avenue from 12th Street to Oakland Drive. Centre Avenue from Portage Road to Sprinkle Road. Shaver Road from Melody Avenue to south city limits. Mall Drive from Constitution Boulevard to JC Penny Drive. Major Roadway Improvements Highway capital improvement projects fall into two major categories: Capacity Expansion Projects and Capacity Preservation Projects. Capacity Expansion projects include major roadway widenings that add through-lanes, new roadways, and new freeway interchanges. Capacity Preservation Projects include: • Preservation actions such as pavement resurfacing, bridge rehabilitation, and safety projects (signalization, minor realignments to correct vertical/horizontal curves, intersection improvements, guardrail improvements, etc.). • Improvement actions such as pavement and bridge replacement or reconstruction, and freeway ramp improvements . 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE 9-17 �f, f f f r f f f f f r r r r .,. • Enhancement actions such as bikeways, walkways, landscaping, and historic preservation. In developing a financially constrained Transportation Improvement Program, a key principle is that forecasted funding for Preservation Projects will be set aside and that only the remaining balance of the capital funds will be available for Expansion Projects. Preservation Projects are usually defined and implemented within the short-range time frame of less than five years as part of a transportation component of any capital improvement program. Thus, moneys are usually set aside for Preservation Projects and the projects subsequently defined by the various management systems. As the Pavement Management System, Bridge Management System, Safety Management System, and Congestion Management System are implemented, Preservation Projects are defined in accordance with those systems. The KATS LongRange Transportation Plan (1995) identifies Preservation Projects in the City of Portage relative to pavement and bridge reconstruction and safety projects. These are subsequently implemented through the Capital Improvement Program. In contrast, Expansion Projects require five or more years to implement and the need for such projects can be readily defined through the use of the regional travel models that address capacity of the roadway system to accommodate future travel. As part of the KATS, major roadway improvements have been identified on the basis of traffic volumes in the year 2015 and available funding (2015 Long-Range Transportation Plan, 1995). According to KATS, the planned "capacity expansion" projects to the year 2015 include (see Figure 9-3): 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Oakland Drive from Milham to Centre widening to 4 lanes Milham Avenue from Lovers lane to Portage widening to 4 lanes Centre A venue from Portage to Westnedge widening to 5 lanes Lovers Lane from Milham to 1-94 widening to 4 lanes Lovers Lane from 1-94 to Kilgore widening to 4 lanes including 1-94 bridge Kilgore Road from Oakland to Westnedge widening to 3 lanes (City of Kalamazoo) Kilgore Road from Lovers Lane to Kilgore by-pass (west of Portage Road) widening to 4 lanes Shaver Road from Centre to Vanderbilt widening to 4 lane boulevard section Milham Avenue from Oakland to 12th Street widening to 4 lanes over US 131 Mall Drive from Constitution to Westnedge widening to 4 and 5 lanes Romence Road Parkway extension from Lovers Lane to Portage as 4 lanes Sprinkle Road from Centre to Nash Avenue widening to 4 and 5 lanes (KCRC) Milham Avenue from Oakland Drive to Constitution Boulevard widening to 5 lanes Milham Avenue from South Westnedge to Lovers Lane widening to 5 lanes Portage Road from East Centre to Lakeview widening to 5 lanes According to KATS, the planned "capacity preservation" projects to the year 2015 include: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Milham Avenue at Newport Road add left-tum lane on Milham Avenue and signalize Various safety/operational projects Shaver Road from Vanderbilt Avenue to south city limits reconstruct as a 2-lane roadway Shaver Road at Oakland Drive realignment of Oakland Drive intersection Osterhout Avenue from Shaver Road to Portage Road as a 2-lane reconstruction Schuring Road from Timbercreek Drive to Oakland Drive as a 2-lane reconstruction Bacon Avenue from Westnedge Avenue to Portage Road as a 2-lane reconstruction Romence Road from Angling Road to Oakland Drive as a 2-lane reconstruction Romence Road from Oakland Drive to Westnedge Avenue as a 3-lane/4-lane reconstruction Angling Road from Romence Road to Milham Avenue as a 2-lane reconstruction Bishop Avenue from Sprinkle Road to east city limits as a 2-lane reconstruction 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE 9-18 �r f r r 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23 . 24. Centre Avenue from Shaver Road to Oakland Drive as a 5-lane reconstruction Centre Avenue from Westnedge Avenue to Shaver Road as 5-lane reconstruction Constitution Boulevard from Milham Avenue to Romence Road as a 4-lane reconstruction East Shore Drive from Nash Avenue to Mandigo Avenue as a 2-lane reconstruction Garden Lane from Westnedge Avenue to Lovers Lane as a 2-lane reconstruction Garden Lane at Portage Creek replace culvert with precast arch bridge Kilgore Road from Westnedge Avenue to Lovers Lane as a 4-lane reconstruction Nash Avenue from East Shore Drive to Sprinkle Road as a 2-lane reconstruction Oakland Drive from Portage Creek to Shaver Road as a 2-lane reconstruction Oakland Drive from Centre Avenue to Portage Creek as a 2-lane reconstruction Oakland Drive from Shaver Road to Osterhout Avenue as a 2-lane reconstruction Angling Road from Centre Avenue to Romence Road as a 2-lane reconstruction Moorsbridge Road from Romence Road to Centre Avenue as a 2-lane boulevard reconstruction 25. Romence Road Parkway from Westnedge Avenue to Lovers Lane as a 4-lane boulevard reconstruction 26. Westnedge Avenue from Melody Avenue to Centre Avenue as a 2-lane reconstruction 27. Vanderbilt Avenue from Shaver Road to Angling Road as a 2-lane reconstruction According to KATS, the unfunded "capacity expansion" projects were: f f f f f r r r ,,. ,,. 1. 2. 1-94 from 9th Street to 35th Street widening from 4 lanes to 6 lanes. Westnedge Avenue from Kilgore to Shaver widening to 7 lanes throughout. Other unfunded "capacity preservation" projects were: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Oakland Drive from 1-94 to Kilgore as a 4-lane reconstruction. Oakland Drive from 1-94 to Milham Avenue as a 4-lane/5-lane reconstruction Kilgore Road realignment at Westnedge Avenue Mandigo Avenue from Portage Road to East Shore Drive as a 2-lane reconstruction Vincent Avenue from Angling Road to Oakland Drive as a 2-lane reconstruction Lovers Lane/Forest Drive from Centre Avenue to Portage Road as a 2-lane reconstruction Gladys/Newport Road from Westnedge Avenue to Milham Avenue as a 2-lane/3-lane reconstruction Angling Road from Vanderbilt Avenue to Centre Avenue as a 2-lane reconstruction Angling Road from Vincent Avenue to north city limits as a 2-lane reconstruction Shaver Road from Westnedge Avenue to Centre Avenue as a 5-lane reconstruction Westnedge Avenue from Crockett Avenue to South Shore Drive as a 2-lane reconstruction Bishop Avenue from Portage Road to Sprinkle Road as a 3-lane/4-lane reconstruction Westnedge Avenue from Shaver Road to Centre Avenue as a 4-lane reconstruction Lovers Lane from Milham Avenue to Centre Avenue as a 4-Jane reconstruction. Based on the programmed "capacity expansion" projects (i.e., future thoroughfare improvements per Table 9-3) and year 2015 traffic volumes, Westnedge Avenue from Andy Avenue to Milham Avenue will remain the only facility "over capacity" (i.e., a volume-to-capacity ratio over 1.2). Based on the future thoroughfare improvements, the following facilities will continue to operate "at capacity" (i.e., volume-to-capacity ratio 1.0 to 1.2): • • • Oakland Drive from I-94 to Milham Avenue. Portage Road from Kilgore Road to Milham Avenue. Bishop Avenue from Portage Road to Sprinkle Road. l 999 MAIOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE 9-19 �r Based on the programmed "capacity expansion" projects, the following facilities will continue to "approach capacity" (i.e., volume-to-capacity ratio 0.90 to 0.99): • • • • • • • f r f r r r f r r r r r r I ,. ,.. ,. Westnedge Avenue from Kilgore Road to Andy Avenue. Westnedge Av{:nue from Milham Avenue to Mall Drive. Oakland Drive from Kilgore Road to 1-94. Sprinkle Road from Meredith Street to Milham Avenue. Centre Avenue from 12th Street to Oakland Drive. Centre Avenue from Portage Road to Sprinkle Road. Kilgore Road from Oakland Drive to Westnedge Avenue. In view of the lack of funded "capacity expansion" projects for Westnedge Avenue (particularly from Andy Avenue through the 1-94 interchange to Milham Avenue), the completion of funded improvements to Oakland Drive and to the Romence Road Parkway extension are essential to relieve the Westnedge A venue corridor. Moreover, when funding is found for the reconstruction of the 1-94/Westnedge Avenue interchange, appropriate improvements should be funded along Westnedge Avenue from Andy Avenue to Milham Avenue. In the case of capacity problems along Oakland Drive from Kilgore Road through the 1-94 interchange to Milham Avenue (where no funded capacity expansion projects are proposed), access control to abutting properties is crucial to minimize left-turns that reduce the carrying capacity of this roadway. 4. Major Street Corridors A review of land use characteristics along major streets and roadway characteristics within the community was made to formulate methods to properly plan for the development and redevelopment of land along major streets in a way which will beneficially affect land use activities within and adjacent to the corridor and to ensure that the major street can effectively provide for traffic mobility. This leads to a rationale for access management to preserve the functional capacity of major thoroughfares that further elaborates the access control concepts of Table 9-1. a. Corridor Definition A corridor is defined as the street, sidewalks and land extending from building face to building face : • • • The public street, or the area which is within the curb lines; The public lawn extension, or the area and elements between the back of the road curb and the limits of the public right-of-way (ROW); The private frontage, or the area and elements contained within the front yard which extends from the ROW line to the building facade. There is also a "zone of influence" that affects the corridor. The "zone of influence" extends beyond these physical boundaries and encompasses properties on adjacent streets which may front, side or have common rear yards to the "corridor." The major thoroughfare corridors within the City of Portage can be viewed as bisecting or crossing the community. The major streets cross through various land uses, and a range of conditions. The major thoroughfare corridors are at the same time static and dynamic. A street can be examined for problems that arise at any one location, such as a curb cut, or the street can be examined for the difficulties of moving along street segments from Point A to Point B. The street may also be the boundary where different land uses meet. The corridors constitute the "face" or the way that land uses are presented to motorists. The traveler moving along the street often encounters diverse land uses and a range of physical characteristics. The range extends from the tree-lined residential street with sidewalks and lawn extension and little cross traffic to commercial areas with signs, parking, traffic controls, and many cars and turning movements. Research and industrial land uses usually fall between those two extremes of land use intensity. Schools and parks can be about 1999 MAIOR TuOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE 9-20 �i as intense as residential uses. In some instances, concerns associated with land use intensity are due to peak hour traffic rather than to general congestion. b. 1r Corridor Designation The major thoroughfare corridors can be described by the use of three categories. Some corridors can be placed within one category. Other corridors exhibit varying characteristics and may change from one category along one segment to another category along another segment. The category used to identify the major thoroughfare corridor or segment thereof is particularly important in identifying and programming planned actions to address the problems within the corridor. For the purpose of this section on planning concepts, there are three major thoroughfare corridors. The categories are: RESIDENTIAL CONSERVATION CORRIDORS, PRESERVATION CORRIDORS, and CORRECTION CORRIDORS. (Figure 9-4.) As defined, "Residential Conservation Corridors" are streets that are often residential in character and have neither felt the pressure for nor the impact of land use changes. In effect, they are corridors with land use consistency and relatively low levels of activity/intensity. The streets in this category are of a quality that should be conserved, for what exists should be maintained and enhanced. Opportunities to do so should be aggressively pursued. Improvements to these corridors should complement the adjoining residential area and include landscaping and appurtenances (street signs, lighting, etc.) that reflect the residential neighborhood. Land use or other changes which would alter the current balance of activity and/or physical characteristics by increasing the intensity of use should be strongly discouraged. f f f f r r r r r .,. Some of these Residential Conservation Corridors have, however, experienced increases in traffic to a point where some roadway improvements are necessary to improve traffic flow and safety within the corridor. In order to ensure the residential character is preserved, roadways improvements should be limited to the following geometrics: • • • Maximum number of lanes: 3 Maximum pavement width: 44 feet a) Two, 11 foot wide through lanes b) Twelve foot wide left-hand turn lane c) Five foot wide bikeway on both sides of the roadway Five foot wide sidewalk on both sides of the roadway "Preservation Corridors" are streets which pass through areas that are not yet developed, or where there exists potential for significant redevelopment. Additionally, Romence Road Parkway, Constitution Boulevard and West Centre Avenue between South 12th Street and Oakland Drive are designated as limited access boulevards. These parcels should be reviewed with an eye toward preventing the land use and thoroughfare conflicts and problems by carefully applying ordinances that are either now in place, or those which might be adopted by the City Council. Streets in this category have the opportunity to contribute positively to a well coordinated transportation system in a setting consistent with the Portage community. Access control to preserve the carrying capacity of the street should be developed. Proposals for new development or conversion from one land use to another should therefore be carefully evaluated. Finally, "Correction Corridors" can be identified where a street is bounded primarily by commercial and/or industrial uses. This is especially so where development has occurred over a period of many years, using subdivision and zoning ordinances and site planning and design standards from the past. Streets included in this category reflect the conditions of complexity with confusion, traffic congestion, intensive activity and/or an incomplete transportation network. These corridors are in need of multiple actions to correct conditions existing today, conditions which are the cumulative results of change occurring over time. Corrective actions can include access control, landscaping, elimination of existing curb openings, development of marginal access streets, signage control, pedestrian improvements and so forth. Corrective actions require considerable time, education and effort and can be costly to implement. I 999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - ST ATUS UPDATE 9-21 �• • - COMPREHENSIVE PLAN - FIGURE 9-4 - MAJOR TRAVEL CORRIDORS l 11 ' I !~~:nil- --------- -t- -- -' I -••-••-• a: a Vl = 3500 / RESIDENTIAL CONSERVATION CORRIDOR CORRECTION CORRIDOR X 0 ZYLHAN U PRESERVATION CORRIDOR - - LIMITED ACCESS BOULEVARDS - - -I - - - \ __ J ___ _ ' I 0 ROMENCE ROAD PARKWAY ° CONSTITUTION BOULEVARD 0 WEST CENTRE AVENUE BETWEEN SOUTH 12TH STREET AND OAKLAND DRIVE JANUARY 22,1999 �r C. r r BIKEWAY AND WALKWAY PLANS Toe Walkway and Bikeway Plans are designed to provide for a safe and efficient pedestrian/non-motorized circulation system throtighout the City of Portage. It is intended that the system be developed through the implementation of these plans to provide a City-wide link between residential concentrations and public and private activity areas. Toe plans represent a program from which activities can be scheduled and specific projects initiated. A complete update of the Walkway and Bikeway Plans is scheduled for FY1999-2000. Toe Bikeway and Walkway Plans serve as a guide to the programming and implementation of projects which address non-motorized transportation services within the City of Portage. Toward this end, the Bikeway and Walkway Plans are used during development of the city Capital Improvement Program (CIP). Walkway Plan Toe primary walkway system has been designed along selected major and collector thoroughfares. Because areas supporting larger traffic volumes and roadway speeds are likely to generate a greater amount of pedestrian use, walkways have been designed to provide safe movement of pedestrians along major thoroughfares. It is intended that a secondary walkway system be developed and connected to the primary system as linkages are created. The secondary system will be required within residential, commercial or industrial developments and will be constructed as these developments occur. Toe Walkway Plan is intended to provide guidelines for the development of the primary and secondary system, functionally utilizing the existing walkways while providing for the development of new links during the construction of new roadways or reconstruction of existing roadways. Toe walkway system is also integrated with multi-use hard-surface trails used by pedestrians and bicyclists alike. Toe Walkway Plan establishes design criteria to provide continuity. Primary walkway facilities include: l T i ! 1 1 • Walkway - A 5-foot wide concrete surface along one or both sides of a public street for the purpose of providing for pedestrian circulation. Walkways are normally separated from the street by a distance of 10' or more. • Multi-use Trail - A 8-12-foot wide asphalt or concrete surface within a park or public space or along a public street for the purpose of providing for non-motorized circulation. Toe Walkway Plan, shown in Figure 9-5, will be implemented in several ways: • Subdivision Regulations - Toe proprietor of the subdivision is charged with constructing primary and secondary walkways within the proposed subdivision in accordance with regulatory requirements. Five-foot wide "primary" walkways must be constructed along major streets, generally along the exterior of the subdivision. Four-foot wide "secondary" walkways on the interior of the subdivisions are also required in certain instances. Toe walkways generally will be required along one side of the street within public street right-ofway. • Zoning Code - During the site plan review and approval process, the Planning Commission requires "primary" and "secondary" walkways as deemed necessary to facilitate pedestrian circulation. The walkways are required to ensure conformance with the Walkway Plan. • Capital Improvement Program - Appropriate segments of the primary walkway system along major streets will be programmed in the Ten-Year CIP. As major street improvement projects are programmed, walkways indicated in the Walkway Plan will be programmed as 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE 9-23 �I - COMPREHENSIVE PLAN - FIGURE 9-5 WALKWAY PLAN l - - = 3500 / f CEMETERIES FIRE STATIONS ■ MUNICIPAL BUILDINGS PARKS EXISTING WALKWAY - - - - - - - PROPOSED WALKWAY ' I ' t---...i+""...,_~ ~---~,,~~~FQrllllllQ;mJ - - 11 0 I r -- -- A -- -' - I - I -----' I __ j' ___ _ ' I ' ' -- -_:~r_ - -=- JANUARY 22,1999 �l r I part of street projects. According to State of Michigan guidelines, 1 percent of the Act 51 money received must be allocated toward non-motorized transportation. Act 51 funds will be designated on an annual basis toward projects to implement this Action Plan. I r r I r r r r r r r ,,. • Special Assessment Process - Walkways may be petitioned by local residents. When this occurs, the petition will be reviewed during the annual CIP process, as applicable. In addition to the development of primary and secondary walkways, in areas where there is an excessively high incidence of pedestrian and vehicular traffic interface, consideration will be given to additional measures to ensure pedestrian safety. Examples include improving signalization and the provision of crossings, with. the possible establishment of pedestrian overpasses or underpasses, as necessary. 2. Bikeway Plan The development of a system of bikeways throughout the community is intended to encourage safe, economical, non-motorized alternative modes of transportation. The bikeway system uses appropriate city streets, and includes two-way bike trails designed to interconnect users with schools, parks, businesses and other activity centers. The Bikeway Plan appears in Figure 9-6. Where walkways and bikeways coincide, multi-use paths may be developed. In order to uniformly identify the variety of non-motorized bikeway facilities and to facilitate scheduling of projects to implement the Bicycle Plan, the following concepts are defined according to the Michigan Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices: • Bicycle Route - A series of connecting bikeways forming a "loop" as designated by appropriate route markers and by the jurisdiction having authority. • Bikeway - Any paved facility which is specifically intended for bicycle travel, regardless of whether such facility is designated for the exclusive use of bicycles or is to be shared with other transportation modes. a. Bicycle Trail - A separate trail or path (8 to 12 feet wide with a bituminous surface) from which motor vehicles are prohibited and which is for the exclusive use of bicycles or the shared use of bicycles and pedestrians. Where such trail or path is adjacent to a highway, it is separated from motor vehicle traffic by an open space or barrier. b. Designated Bicycle Lane - A portion of a roadway designated for exclusive use by bicyclists. It is distinguished from the portion of the roadway for motor vehicle traffic by paint stripes, signing or other similar device. The bike lane is 6 to 8 feet wide with a bituminous surface. c. Paved Shoulder Bikeway - A paved shoulder (4 to 6 feet wide) adjacent to the travel lane intended primarily for use by bicyclists but also available for emergency use by motor vehicles. It is distinguished from the portion of roadway for motor vehicle traffic by paint striping and signage. Recommended minimum design criteria for bicycle lanes and bicycle paths appear in Table 9-5 . The Bikeway Plan, as shown in Figure 9-6, may be implemented in several ways: Capital Improvement Program - Appropriate bike facilities may be annually programmed in the Ten-Year CIP. To realize cost savings and efficiencies, the bicycle facilities should be programmed, where possible, with street and public utility projects. According to State of Michigan guidelines, 1 percent of the Act 51 money received by the 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE 9-25 �i i City must be allocated toward non-motorized transportation. Act 51 funds will be designated on an annual basis toward projects to implement this Action Plan. Table 9-5 MINIMUM BIKEWAY WIDTHS Minimum Bicycle Lane Widths (ft.) on Each Side of Roadway 1 i Traffic Speed Urban Section Less than or equal to 35 mph Exceed 35 mph Note: 4 Rural Section (b) (a) 4 6 (•) 6 (a) May be reduced by one foot if continuous gutter section is appropriate for bicycles. (b) Plus 2-foot graded shoulder on each side. MINIMuM BIKEWAY WIDTHS l Minimum Bike Path Width (ft.) Two-way bikeway Two-way bikeway/pedestrian way 10 (c) 12 (c) (c) Plus 2-foot graded shoulder on each side. Source: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Bikeway Guidelines and Selecting Roadway Design Treatments to Accommodate Bicycles, Federal Highway Administration. r r .... • Transportation Enhancement Activity Fund - The Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) will yearly accept reimbursement proposals for Transportation Enhancement Activity (TEA) funds through 2003. The city will coordinate proposals applicable to bikeway projects as part of the Capital Improvement Program. • Annual Budget Process - In the annual operating budget process, the programming of planned bikeway facilities will be accomplished in conjunction with scheduled shoulder and strip-paving projects. • Kalamazoo Area Transportation Improvement Plan - Development of bicycle facilities in conjunction with improvements to County roads should be monitored. The Kalamazoo County Road Commission should be encouraged to incorporate facilities into street/roadway projects, as appropriate. • Grants - Relevant grant applications will be pursued for projects where identified bikeways and sidewalks can be incorporated. The Portage Creek Bicentennial Park development program is a key example of where grants can help in the implementation of the walkway and bicycle projects. 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE 9-26 �• - • • COMPREHENSIVE PLAN • • • FIGURE 9-6 BIKEWAY PLAN l -.. f ■ • --• er 0 1/) ~ ~ ----F-F=~ 71 - X 0 u_.,..__....~ ' 7) ---J_ _ _ _ - - - -' - \ ' I ' I -~'=-t~~ ~ ~ , --,---- ; a ._,,,-=-=~ I ' LAKE Al.lSTr __ J' ___ _ I I ------- 11 =3500' CEMETERIES FIRE STATIONS MUNICIPAL BUILOINGSP & SCHOOLS PARKS EXISTING BIKEWAY PROPOSED BIKEWAY �r D. 1 r 1 T T T T T T BUS The City of Portage is provided with an inter-city and limited intra-city bus service by Rapid Transit Cab under a contract with Kalamazoo Metro Transit. As shown in Figure 9-7, three Metro Transit fixed-route/fixed-schedule bus routes are currently operated within the City: • Route 1: Westnedge--This radial local route runs along Westnedge Avenue from downtown Kalamazoo to the Crossroads Mall for 13 hours during the weekdays on 30-minute headways and for 10 hours during Saturdays on 30-minute headways. • Route 4: Oakland--This local radial route runs from downtown Kalamazoo to the Crossroads Mall and provides hourly service for 12 hours on weekdays and 8 hours on Saturdays. • Route 12: Bronson --This circulator route covers the area from Bronson Avenue to Sprinkle Road between Bishop Road and Kilgore Road; and provides hourly service on weekdays for 11 hours and on Saturdays for 7 hours. The location of these transit routes is a consideration in the provision of walkways along and to streets served by transit. In addition, Kalamazoo County provides a Care-a-Van service. This carrier provides curb-to-curb service for elderly and handicapped persons residing in Portage to destinations within the city or the Kalamazoo downtown area. E. RAIL Conrail operates two railroad tracks running north-south, one through the City, the other serving the industrial area between Portage Street and Sprinkle Road. These facilities provide freight service in the area. AMTRAK provides passenger service to the larger metropolitan region with eight trains in and out of Kalamazoo daily to and from Detroit, Chicago and Port Huron. F. AIR Kalamazoo/Battle Creek International Airport provides the area with air-carrier and charter passenger services as well as air cargo services. The Austin Lake Airport is a private aviation facility in the City of Portage. 1999 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE PLAN - STATUS UPDATE 9-28 �- - COMPREHENSIVE PLAN - - FIGURE 9: 7 TRANSIT ROUTES -----1 - 00000000000 ' I - r,- ' I ' I - - -1 --t-- ' I 131 ~ ------ l 11 = 3500 / ROUTE 1 : WESTNEDGE ROUTE 4: OAKLAND ROUTE 12: BRONSON --- -- !--- ~ I ' I ,tn11.. ... I I I , I , I ' MT(N Ll'<E __ J' ___ _ ------1-----,1 I I ' - :c ---- = L- ----- JANUARY 22, 1999 �I I r r r r r r r r , ,~ ~ ' A. CHAPTER 10: UTILITY INFRASTRUCTURE INTRODUCTION In addition to the roadway system, the utility systems are significant capital investments influencing preservation, revitalization, and expansion of development within a community. In addition to serving the utility needs of existing and new development, the utility systems also play a role in protecting the environment, improving water quality, protecting the public from environmental hazards, and preserving open space along its rights-of-way and easements. This chapter addresses the public water, sanitary sewer and drainage systems. B. PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM 1. Introduction The need for public water supply is governed by considerations of health and safety. Public water supplies are generally demanded when densities increase to the extent that it is no longer possible, due to the possibility of contamination, to provide both on-site water supply and on-site sewage disposal. The other primary factor necessitating a public water supply is the need for a reliable high pressure water system for fire fighting purposes. In Portage, water tables are sufficiently close to the surface and infiltration rates are sufficiently great so as to ensure r r r r r r r recharge with a minimum of drawdown. As such, ground water is the source of all water consumed, domestically and for other purposes, in the Portage area. The three elements of any water system are supply, distribution and storage. The following sections detail Portage system characteristics in these areas. 2. Service Area/Supply The City of Portage water service area essentially extends to the corporate limits of the City, with the exception of the areas north and south of I-94 along Portage and 12th Street areas, which is serviced by the City of Kalamazoo. The general hydrology of Portage is such that surface drainage of the area flows into two distinct large drainage basins -- the Kalamazoo River Basin and the St. Joseph (of Lake Michigan) River Basin (see Figure 10-1). The drainage divide traverses the City in roughly an east-west line. Areas situated north of this divide are tributary to Portage Creek, flowing to the Kalamazoo River. The southerly portion of the City flows to Gourdneck Creek which is a tributary of the St. Joseph River Basin. The average annual rain fall of nine inches generates in excess of 156 million gallons per square mile per year. This groundwater is tapped by the City through 22 wells in 11 well fields with a capacity of 27 million gallons per day (18,700 gallons per minute). Based on a ratio of maximum daily demand to average daily demand of three-to-one over the past five years, development generating an average daily demand of 9 million gallons can be supported by the present well field system. In the year 1990, the average daily demand for commercial and industrial uses connected to the municipal system was 1.04 million gallons per day, and had grown at a compound annual rate of about 4 .89 percent. Thus, the average commercial and industrial demand PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 10-1 �- - - COMPREHENSIVE PLAN - - Figure 10:1 Water Shed 1"=3500' t - Watershed Boundary - - - - Source: Comprehensive Plan : Natu ral Resources ; City of Portage; August, 1991 . [ 0-2 - �i ..... i I l = l --7 for the year 2015 is forecasted to be 3.43 million gallons per day. In the year 1990, only 52 percent of the 41,042 residents were connected to the public water supply, and consumed an average of 3.07 million gallons per day (based on 144 gallons per capita). Assuming an annual increase of 1.5 percent in the total resident population connected to the public water supply, 89.5 percent of the year 2015 population of 49,269 (The 1994 Water Utility Infrastructure Analysis Program used a year 2015 projection of 49,471 persons.) would be served by the public water supply; thus, the forecasted residential 'public water consumption in the year 2015 is 6.35 million gallons per day. The combination of the commercial/industrial and residential water demand projected is 9.78 million gallons per day in the year 2015 -- very close to the present average daily well supply capacity (which includes a factor of 3 for maximum days). 3. Distribution The water distribution system was inherited from the Township, originally consisting of a series of subdivision systems on isolated wells. As the City developed it became expedient to join the various independent systems together to serve new developments. This resulted in a minimum of transmission mains, and produced a network made up of many undersized mains that did not adequately distribute water during peak periods. Most efforts have gone toward expansion of the existing system. It has only been in recent years that the necessity for cross connecting and strengthening existing mains has become apparent. By the year 1994, 109.9 miles of water mains were in place in Portage, serving an estimated 70% of the City's population. Figure I 0-2 depicts the City water distribution system as of the fall of 1995. 4. i' Required storage volume for the City of Portage is the theoretical volume required over and above maximum daily demand . This volume is calculated as the difference between fire capacity and hourly demand, totaled for a 24-hour period which includes a maximum daily flow condition combined with fire flow. The present water storage volume is 2.25 million gallons in two elevated tanks of 0.75 and 1.5 million gallons. In the year 2015, the forecasted water storage need is 5.13 million gallons. 5. 1 l'I Water Storage Public Water System Improvements From the Water Utility Infrastructure Analysis Program (Snell Environmental Group, Inc.; November 7, 1994), the recommended public water system improvements include: • The construction of four new water wells in three well fields . (Three of the new wells are proposed by the year 2015, and a fourth well is proposed in the year 2016. The City may abandon the two Lexington wells.) • The installation of additional stand-by power generators at one or more well fields to deliver an average day demand in the event of a power failure . • The conversion of the chlorine disinfection system to sodium hypochlorite at eight sites to reduce the risk of chlorine gas leakage. • The construction of an iron and manganese removal plants at the Shuman well site and proposed Commercial well. The replacement of several existing water mains with larger mains to maintain water pressure during high demand periods. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) f 10-3 �COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Figure 10:2 Water Distribution System 1"=3500' Water Distribution Mains - - Source: City of Portage; September, 1995. 10-4 �-, -, I • The construction of new water mains to reinforce the pressure of the existing system while serving new development. • The construction of three new water storage tanks as system demand increases. • The construction of water mains in selected areas to eliminate dead end lines. • The increase of discharge pressure of selected well pumps to ensure adequate pressure during high demand periods. • The installation of pressure switches on existing well field pumps. Table I 0-1 summarizes $22 million in major water system improvements to the year 2020. C. -, l SANITARY SEWER SYSTEM The first stage of a Master Plan for sanitary sewers began in 1969 and 1970 with the construction of three interceptors of 25 miles: • The Davis Creek interceptor serving the eastern portion of the City plus portions of Pavilion Township. • The Portage Creek interceptor serving the central portion of the City. • The West Fork Branch interceptor serving southern Kalamazoo and a small portion of Portage north of the I-94 expressway. 7 7 When ground was broken for the 87-mile Federal Water Quality Act Section 201 Wastewater Facilities sanitary sewer construction program in 1978, the Portage sewer system served 1,415 homes and businesses. Upon completion of the 201 program, the Portage sewer system served an additional 10,023 homes and businesses. Since the 201 Program, generally sewer expansion projects have occurred on a petition basis (some areas based on groundwater protection). The existing sanitary sewer system as of the fall of 1995 appears in Figure 10-3. The number of future expansion projects to be undertaken each year will depend upon the project magnitude and funding availability. In general, remaining unserved developed residential areas are expected to obtain sewer facilities through the petition process. , , By guiding development to serviced areas of the community, the need for premature sanitary sewer extension can be avoided and priority can be given to the provision of sewer facilities to the City's industrial corridors. Vacant industrially zoned land along the Shaver Road and Sprinkle Road corridors would greatly enhance the industrial development potential of these areas. Increasing the marketability of this land as such would act to promote additional industrial development and expansion, increasing employment opportunities and the future tax base for the City at large. At the present time, all sewage is treated at a regional facility in the City of Kalamazoo. The capacity of the City of Kalamazoo regional wastewater treatment plant is sufficient to accommodate growth, and no plans exist for Portage to develop its own facility . l l l = 1 PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER Pl.AN REPORT (FINAL) 10-5 �Table 10-1 CITY OF PORTAGE WATER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS: 1995-2020 • i I. 2. 3. 4. --, .., l 7 l , , l 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25 . 26. 27 . 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. Project Number/fitle New 12" water main on Vincent and Oakland New 16" water main on Old Centre New 16" water main on Ramona from Lovers Lane to Portage Road and Portage Road from Ramona to Winters Drive Enlarge existing/install new 16" water mains on Bishop Avenue and Portage Road from Bishop to Ramona Enlarge existing/install new 16" water mains on East Milham from Sprinkle Road to east city limits Enlarge existing/install new 16" water mains on East Centre from Sprinkle Road to east city limits Enlarge water main to 20" on Daventry, Cypress and Ridgefield Construct Shuman well field treatment plant New 12" water main on Zylman New 12" water main on Cox Drive New 20" water main on Sprinkle Road from Wells Avenue to Nash Avenue Enlarge water main on Sprinkle Road to 16" from Wells to Centre and 12" from Centre to Tiffany Enlarge water main on Oakland to 20" from Shaver to Vanderbilt Construct 1.5 MG storage facility (2002) Construct 1.5 MG storage facility (2005) New 16" water main on Portage Road from Centre to Bishop New 16" water main on Nash A venue from Sprinkle to East Shore Drive New water main on Portage Road., Mandigo, E. Shore Drive and Andrew New 20" water main on Angling from Centre to Vanderbilt New 12" water main west ofUS-131 from Milham to Romence Enlarge water main to 20" on Angling from Centre to Coachlight Construct proposed Commercial well field Construct additional well at Commercial well field Construct Commercial well field treatment plant New water main on Oakland New water main on Shaver Road Construct proposed Ramona well field Increase discharge pressure of wells pumps Installation of additional generator(s) New 16" water main on Vanderbilt from Angling to Oakland Construct 0.75 MG storage facility Construct proposed well in the City's southwest quadrant Total Project Expenditures (x $1000) Total 440 325 565 770 210 210 220 2,765 400 250 590 585 365 2,085 2,085 410 125 1,170 435 485 905 155 155 2,765 560 110 155 135 50 905 1,115 505 22,005 Source: "Water Infrastructure Analysis Program"; Portage, Michigan; 1994. l 1 - - - - - : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -10-6PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 1 �COMPREHENSIVE PLAN - Figure 10:3 - ev - - Sanitary Sewer System 1"=3500' Sanitary Sewer Mains ! - MANDIGO Source: City of Portage; September, 1995. 10-7 �ii D. DRAINAGE SYSTEM Recognizing the importance between stormwater runoff and pollution of water resources, the City of Portage has acted to protect residents from the adverse effects of nonpoint source pollution through an extensive stormwater management program embodied in the City Stormwater Master Plan. The Stormwater Master Plan is designed to maximize the protection c,f groundwater and surface water resources in the City of Portage. The following strategies have been implemented: • The establishment of risk zones based on EPA land use guidelines and wellhead protection criteria. • The identification of a plan for the best management of stormwater runoff. Key guidelines include: Continuing to maximize infiltration of stormwater to promote groundwater recharge. For those areas located within the five-year time of travel limits for a municipal well field (as defined in the City's Wellhead Protection Area Delineation), or for a land use that has been designated a high risk in regard to groundwater contamination, discharge stormwater to a surface water body where possible, utilizing detention and pretreatment consistent with state-of-the-art practices. • 1. Sixty-two projects for the expansion as well as enhancement of the existing storm sewer system on the basis of risk assessment defining the appropriate stormwater disposal method for the maximum protection of groundwater and surface waters. Projects with the highest benefit and most crucial in the way of pollutant prevention were selected, prioritized, and included in a ten-year stormwater capital improvement plan with cost estimates (described below). Well Head Protection As shown in Figure 10-4, the City is divided into three risk-zones, A, B and C, based on the probability of groundwater contamination impacting a municipal well field. The Wellhead Protection Area Delineation study, completed in 1992, is used to define the limits of each zone. Zone A: Areas located within the five-year time of travel limits for individual municipal well fields. Zone B: Areas located within the general zone of contribution of municipal well fields. Zone C: Areas located outside of the zone of contribution of municipal well fields. Zoning districts and land uses throughout the City are rated as high or low risk for groundwater contamination. A high risk designation is applied to zoning districts and land uses typically allowing activities that include the use and need for disposal of hazardous substances in quantities exceeding 100 kilograms per month. The EPA list of operations that pose potential threats to groundwater was used as the basis for this categorization. Table 10-2 indicates which zoning districts and land uses are determined to be high risk. T T PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 10-8 �.,. .,. . . . . SE LEGEND ... ... .,. 0 INFILTRATION BASIN <tj> NATURAL RECHARGE BASIN "¼( PORTAGE WELL FIELD * KALAMAZOO WELL FIELD ......____.. SURFACE WATER DIVIDE - - - CORPORATE LIMIT 'l X $ S[C170N NUMBER 0 c::;;; I-- ZONE A Cl:'.: 0 z ZONE 8 · I ZONE C RISK ZONE DESICNA TION MAP SCALE: 7" = 5000' PROJECT NO. fishbeck, thompson, carr & huber engineers • scientists• architects Ado • Lansing "' SECTION LIN[ 92247 STORMWA TER DESIGN CRITERIA MANUAL Figure 10-4 City of Portage, Michigan 10-9 �.... Table 10-2 RISK DESIGNATIONS • ... Zone A Zones Band C Hh?h Risk Low Risk All zoning districts Commercial (local, community, general and planned) B-1 , B-2, B-3, CPD, commercial portion of PUD None Residential (low, medium, and high density) R-IA, R-lB, R-IC, R-ID, R-lT, RM-I, RM-2, residential portion of PUD Industrial (general) 1-1, I-2, any industrial in PUD, and high-technology and research uses in the OS-2 Expressway service districts ES Community facilities (including public services, fire and police departments, public transportation facilities, vocational shops, research parks [RC], landfills) Transportation corridors (including state trunkline, major arterial, and minor arterial roadways Commercial (office) OS- I, office portion of PUD, OS-2 excluding high-technology and research uses Community facilities (including city hall , library, service center, schools) Recreation/open space (including parks and cemeteries) Transportation corridors (including collector and City local roadways) Rail Yards 2. Best Management Practices for Stormwater Runoff Four general stormwater strategies were derived from the findings of the stormwater management review: . • • • • Treatment and infiltration. Infiltration only . Storage, treatment, and surface water discharge. Storage and surface water discharge. Treatment refers to the planned use of natural and man-made mechanisms to purify stormwater through settling out solids, separation and capture of oil and grease, adsorption of particulates, and uptake of dissolved solids. .... Each strategy is applied consistent with the principal of maximizing infiltration except where high risk land use or proximity to a municipal well field or lake is cause for a surface water discharge. Treatment is required prior to infiltration or surface water discharge for high-risk areas. In Zones A and B, a surface water outlet is recommended when available . Treatment is not required for low-risk areas. Infiltration is the preferred choice. 3. i i Drainage Improvements A series of 62 stormwater basin projects are recommended from the Stormwater Master Plan (Fishbeck, Thompson, Carr & Huber Engineers; December 1994). The primary projects appear in Table 10-3. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 10-10 �Table 10-3 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT CAPITAL PROJECTS (FISCAL YEAR 1996 THROUGH 2005) --. - "ii Master Planning Project Number IO 34 50 9 37 22 52 49 23 61 62 26 17 60 47 39 13 15 16 19 20 41 5 42 51 58 59 6 18 24 25 30 8 4 40 45 t Brief DescriI?tion * * * * * * * * * * * Vincent A venue Bishop A venue Schuring Road detention basin & Schuring Drain Idaho A venue Infiltration Basin No. 34 & Arborcrest Infiltration Basin No. 7 Lake disconnects at Portage Rd . and Austin Dr. Lake Disconnects at John St. Infiltration Basin No. 11 Lake disconnects at Sudan St. Lake disconnects at Woody Knool Dr. Infiltration Basin No. 20 Infiltration Basin No. 8 Lake disconnects at Westnedge Lake disconnects at Barberry Ave. Shaver Rd. and Centre Ave. Infiltration Basin No. 4 Downing St., Milham Ave., and US-131 Milham Ave. Milham Ave. Infiltration Basin No. 5 Romence Rd. Lovers Ln., 1-94, and Winters Dr. Romence Rd. and Oakland Dr. Cox Dr. and Centre Ave. Shaver Rd. and Rolling Hills Ave. Rolling Hills Ave. Milham Ave. Infiltration Basin No. IO Tattersall Rd., Rothbury & Amberly Sts., Radcliff Ave. Cypress & Evergreen Sts., Tattersall & Ridgefield Rds. Ramona Ave. detention basin Outer Dr. Creek disconnects at Woodmount and Circlewood Drs. Creek disconnects at Quail St. Creek disconnects at W oodview and Brookwood Drs. Private Projects Total "ii I I ... , Cost Estimate (in 1994 dollars) $1,275,000 809,000 464,000 1,618,000 93,000 37,000 37,000 12,000 37,000 12,500 12,500 673,000 37,000 48,000 199,000 867,000 342,000 463,000 1,055,000 208,000 772,000 752,000 629,000 1,326,000 58,000 509,000 60,000 1,187,000 23,000 1,160,000 552,000 85,000 55,000 49,000 13,000 117,000 630,000 $16,276,000 Notes: Asterisk identifies projects requiring land acquisition. Source: "Stormwater Master Plan"; City of Portage, 1994 . PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 10-11 �E. CONCLUSION Through the Capital Improvement Program, the City of Portage continues to program sanitary sewer, water facility and drainage improvements to support the overall development of the community and specific economic development initiatives. ,. I I PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 10-12 i ------- - - �~ I A. iii ,~ ' CHAPTER 11: COMMUNITY FACILITIES INTRODUCTION One of the most important determinants of a healthy community, as well as one of the principal factors establishing livability, is the quality of community facilities . The quality of school systems, recreational amenities, and other community services can often tip the balance of individual and corporate decision-making in selecting a community for business or residence. Figure 11-1 shows the community facilities such as the library, fire stations, police station, schools and parks. B. GENERAL GOVERNMENT FACILITIES I. Municipal Buildings The Portage City Hall is located in the triangle of land between Westnedge, Shaver and Centre Avenues. The building was built in 1988, replacing a structure at 7800 Shaver Road which was converted to the Police Annex . The building presently houses the offices of City Manager, Clerk, Community Development, Purchasing, Employee Development, Finance, Assessor, and Parks and Recreation . City Council and a variety of Board and Commission meetings are also held in this facility . At this time, the building is adequate to meet the needs of the City. Library 2. 'Ii . The Portage Public Library began in 1962 as a township library through the efforts of a group of interested citizens, "Friends of the Library, Inc." In 1963 the library was moved to a storefront building in Portage Plaza. On July 1, 1976, the new library building at 300 Library Lane opened its doors to the public. The library building recently received a major remodeling and expansion project to utilize both floors for service. An additional 12,892 total square feet has been added to the existing 17,000 square feet to meet increased demands for seating, library books and other materials. The library has increased its shelving to hold 189,000 items, double seating from 106 to 214 persons, expand adult and youth service areas, and retrofitted the building for computerization. The expanded building is able to handle 600,000 circulations per year and serve a population of 50,000. Thus, the size of the library is adequate to the year 2015. C. PUBLIC PROTECTION FACILITIES 1. Fire The City of Portage presently has three fire stations: 'ii"I 1 i • Station #1 (Central) at 7830 Shaver Road located in the City Centre Area at Shaver Road and South Westnedge Avenue. The building is 16,700 square feet in area on a l.7-acre parcel and was built in 1984. • Station #2 at 6101 Oakland Drive located in the northwest quadrant of the City on Oakland Drive south of West Milham Avenue. The building is 6,900 square feet in area on a three-acre parcel and was built in 1976. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE Pl.AN UPD ATE: M ASTER Pl.AN ( FINAL) 11 - 1 �- COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Figure 11: 1 Community Facilities 1"=3500' f • CEMETERIES MUNICIPAL BUILDINGS & SCHOOLS PARKS & NATURE PRESERVES PROPOSED FIRE STATION NO. 4 (GENERAL LOCATION) - STATE GAME AREA - VN<DERIII.T 31 i STATE GAl,IE AREA -1&]:~DSTERt!OUT========ir===v.. ,,; f .// f ~~ v=L.- \ I - $lA1"E G\ME IJf£A ~ '_JA ~ co..l.Al(E MAN0sCC �-. , I • Station #3 at 8503 Sprinkle Road located on South Sprinkle Road just south of Zylman. The building is 7,600 square feet in area and was built in 1994. A fire training facility is located on South Westnedge Avenue to the south of Center Avenue. A fourth fire station is proposed in the future in the general area of South Westnedge Avenue and Bacon Avenue. 2. The Portage Police Department, established in September of 1964, was originally housed in a small section of City Hall. In 1965, the Department was moved to a two-story frame house located where the Police/Court Building now stands. The existing Police/Court Building was constructed in 1970 and contains approximately 15,000 square feet of floor area. Most of the first floor of this two-story structure is occupied by the Police Department. Most of the upper floor and a portion of the first floor offices house the State of Michigan Ninth District Court. The former City Hall building serves as a Police Annex. The existing police station location is centralized and offers good city-wide access for patrol cars. As such, the existing facility is considered to be appropriately located and would not be recommended for relocation in the foreseeable future . ., D. EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES . . The Portage Public School District encompasses 45 square miles, the predominant portion of which is constituted by the City of Portage. Portions of Texas Township, Pavilion Township and the City of Kalamazoo are also contained within the district. Although primary and secondary public educational services within the City of Portage are provided by the Portage, Vicksburg and Schoolcraft School systems, only a limited portion of the City is served by the Vicksburg and Schoolcraft Districts. Accordingly , this section covers only the Portage school system . • Elementary school facilities have generally been located amidst concentrations of residential development within the City of Portage. Minimizing walking distances to schools, these sites also generally act to minimize long-range transportation requirements and provide easy access for recreation by children and after normal school hours. I. Elementary Schools Population forecasts indicate that the percent of the school age population of the total population is declining and the absolute number of school age children will remain relatively constant although the geographic distribution of students will shift toward areas of new housing . There are presently eight elementary schools in the Portage Public School District: fr r r • • • • • • • • Amberly (18.8 acres); Angling Road (11 .4 acres); Central (shares campus with Central Middle and High Schools); Haverhill (10.9 acres) ; Lake Center (8.7 acres); Moorsbridge (shares site with West Middle School) ; Waylee (3.4 acres); and Woodland (9.4 acres) . Since 1981, the Lexington Green, Pershing and Ramona Lane Elementary Schools have been closed; the Milham Elementary School was converted to the Portage Community Education Center; and Moorsbridge Elementary School has opened. r PORTAG E COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN (FINAL) r 11 -3 �- - - , , General requirements for elementary schools based on a full cross-section of the population developed by DeChiara and Koppelman 1 suggest a site size of 12 - 14 acres for a school of 800 pupils. Utilizing the same acre/student ratio would necessitate a site size of approximately 10.7 acres for the average 660 study capacity elementary school found in Portage. Only three of the City's elementary schools fall below this standard: Lake Center, Waylee and Woodland, and of these o_nly one significantly, Way lee. By the above standard, Waylee, with a 720 student capacity, would require a site size of approximately 11.7 acres. Although Waylee exists on only a 3.4 acre site, the school's proximity to the Portage Central Middle/Senior High complex off-sets the constraints of a small site size due to the abundant contiguous recreation land area. Overall, a variety of recreational facilities are provided at the elementary school sites. These sites not only function during school time hours but also serve as neighborhood playground areas at other times. 2. Middle & Senior High Schools Three middle high schools and two senior high schools service the Portage Public School District. Two facilities, North Middle/Senior (78.9 acres) and Central Middle/Senior (93.4 acres) have been developed as school complexes. The former complex included the Portage Community Education Center and the latter complex includes the Central Elementary School and district administrative offices. West Middle High (64.4 acres) was developed as an independent unit, but now shares the site with Moorsbridge Elementary School. . The City' s middle and senior high schools all contain gymnasiums, library media centers and auditoriums, with the middle high facilities also containing indoor swimming pools. Extensive outdoor recreation areas are also provided at each facility . As with the elementary school recreation facilities, middle and senior high facilities play a major role in providing a wide range of recreational opportunities to the overall Portage community . 3. • • Special Education Consultant, psychological, teacher/consultant, and social work services, as well as classrooms are available for students in Portage Schools who are diagnosed as learning disabled, or mentally, physically, or emotionally impaired. In addition, the Special Education Program provided by the Kalamazoo Valley Intermediate School District provides a diagnosis and program design for mentally and emotionally handicapped children and direct education for multi-handicapped and severely mentally impaired. 4. Post-Secondary Education Kalamazoo County is serviced by two four-year degree granting institutions (Kalamazoo College and Western Michigan University), one two-year community college (Kalamazoo Valley Community College) and one professional business school (Davenport). All facilities are near the City of Portage. S. fr A variety of vocational education programs also exist in Kalamazoo County. These programs are offered through Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo College and Davenport Business School. E. r Vocational Education RECREATIONAL/ENTERTAINMENT/CULTURAL FACILITIES Public parks with associated entertainment/cultural facilities and public preserves are addressed in Chapter 6: Recreation and Open Space. 1 r r Joseph DeChiera/Lee Koppelman, Urban Planning and Design Criteria, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 2nd Edition, 1975, pg. 331 . PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN (FINAL) 11-4 �.... ' F. HEALTH FACILITIES Although the City of Portage has numerous private medical offices, the primary health care facilities (Bronson Methodist Hospital and Borgess Hospital) are located in the City of Kalamazoo to the immediate north of Portage. I 7 . • .,. I r r r r r PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN (FINAL) 11-5 �- ~ ~~ I ' CHAPTER 12: FUTURE LAND USE PATTERN • 7 A. GENESIS ., ., The "Future Land Use Pattern" (also termed Future Land Use Plan or Future Land Use Map) evolved from a preliminary future land use map initially reviewed by the public on January 25, 1996, and from four preliminary future land use alternatives generated on the basis of "goals and objectives with development guidelines" and projections of future land use needs . The four preliminary future land use alternatives (i .e., Existing Trends, Revitalization, Compact Development and Concentrated Development) were initially reviewed by the Planning Commission on October 26, 1995, and were presented as final future alternatives at the Public Forum series and Planning Commission workshop on November 30, 1995, for evaluation and comment. Based on public comment, the Planning Commission made significant modifications to the Concentrated Development alternative to create the preliminary Preferred Future Land Use Alternative. The preliminary Preferred Future Land Use Alternative was further refined by the Planning Commission on December 21 , 1995, to become the Preliminary Future Land Use Pattern for the basis of public review and comment at the Public Forum series and Planning Commission workshop on January 25 , 1996. Based on public comment at the Public Forum series on January 25 , 1996, the Planning Commission further refined the Preliminary Future Land Use Pattern at their February 22, 1996, workshop, and requested its publication in March for further public comment. The Preliminary Future Land Use Pattern was distributed in late March to all residents as part of the "Portager" (the City of Portage bi-monthly newsletter). Based on written and oral public comment received at the Public Forum series of March 28th and at Planning Commission hearings of April 18th and April 25th , the Planning Commission revised the Preliminary Future Land Use Pattern in a series of workshops open to the public on May 9th, May 30th and June 13th. The resulting Final Future Land Use Pattern was then publicly displayed and subjected to a formal public hearing on July 18, I 996, prior to the Planning Commission adoption of the Comprehensive Plan. The final "Future Land Use Pattern" in conjunction with the "Guidelines" of the Comprehensive Plan will serve as basis for reviewing development for consistency with the Comprehensive Plan and for guiding public actions such as roadway and utility infrastructure improvements and community facility improvements to achieve the goals and objectives of the Comprehensive Plan. B. FOCUS The "Future Land Use Pattern" (also termed Future Land Use Plan or Future Land Use Map) addresses the future land use needs of the community by : I) r r r r r 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Identifying areas for smaller lots and moderate densities for affordable housing opportunities for all households. Expanding the office corridors along Centre Avenue and Milham Avenue to not only satisfy office space needs but also to provide appropriate transitional uses between these heavily traveled thoroughfares and single-family residential areas. Expanding the commercial area of Portage Commerce Square south of Romence Road and farther eastward toward the Conrail tracks so that commercial base of Portage can remain competitive with other communities. Focusing commercial uses into two major corridors -- Westnedge Avenue and Portage Road north of Milham A venue and south of Centre A venue. Encouraging revitalization of older commercial areas . Focusing neighborhood and employment supportive retail and service uses into primary and secondary nodes at major thoroughfare intersections. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 12-1 �- 7) 8) Focusing industrial uses into two major corridors -- Sprinkle Road and Shaver Road. Including major thoroughfare improvements to support the conversion of land to urban uses and to improve access to and within the major commercial and industrial corridors. 9) Preserving the natural amenities of the community through greenway corridors that take advantage of utility corridors to tie the community's parks together. I 0) Identifying future urban land uses for all agricultural and vacant properties. I I 7 C. MAJOR FEATURES The "Future Land Use Pattern" (Future Land Use Plan or Future Land Use Map) is found at the end of this chapter as Figure 12-1. 1. Residential (Housing) There are three residential density categories appearing on the "Future Land Use Map:" .., • • • Low Density -- up to 4 dwelling units per gross acre Medium Density -- greater than 4 and up to 8 dwelling units per gross acre High Density -- greater than 8 and up to 15 dwelling units per gross acre The "Future Land Use Map" only designates a specific type of residential housing for areas where smaller singlefamily lots are recommended. In this case, Single-Family Detached/Medium Density constitutes a fourth residential designation. . . The "Future Land Use Pattern" maintains the predominant single-family (i.e., "low density"), detached housing character of Portage. Further, the "Future Land Use Pattern" maintains the proportional relationship of major land uses and detached housing (typically single-family) versus attached housing (typically multiple-family) . a. Smaller Lots To provide opportunities for detached housing on smaller lots than the present zoning of vacant land, several areas are designated for smaller single-family lot development in the R-lA residential district or a new cluster housing district: I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. b. r r r r Between 12th Street and US 131 south of Romence Road (50 acres). Between Schuring Road and Romence Road west of Westnedge Avenue (80 acres). East of Sprinkle Road from Zylman Avenue to Center Road (120 acres). Between 12th Street and US 131 south of Centre A venue to the south corporate boundary (150 acres). Along the west side of Sprinkle Road straddling Branch Avenue (150 acres). On the northeast corner of Constitution Boulevard and Romence Road (25 acres). Multi-Family Areas To improve the choice of housing types (detached versus attached), to provide a more dispersed pattern of multifamily sites and to provide housing opportunities for moderate income households over the present zoning of vacant land, the "Future Land Use Pattern" expands site choices and ensures adequate multi-family zoned land without development constraints (about 471 acres) to meet the continuation of present demands (317 acres to the year 2015) . There are presently about 156 acres of vacant multi-family zoned sites (excluding 14 acres on the south side of Milham Avenue east of Sprinkle Road in the Portage Commerce Park and 30 acres on Portage Creek proposed for future industrial use west of Shaver Road to the north of the alignment of Melody Avenue): I. 2. 3. 4. 20 acres south of Centre Avenue along Shirely Court. 30 acres south of Centre A venue along the west side of Portage Creek. 30 acres north of Centre Avenue along the west side of Portage Creek. 50 acres on the north side of Osterhout Avenue east of the Conrail tracks. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 12-2 �' t 5. The future land use pattern would add another 330 acres in the following general locations for medium density (up to 8 dwelling units per acre) and high density (up to 15 dwelling units per acre) residential dwelling development: I. 2. 3. 7 4. 5. 6. 7. , 2. . . 26 acres in scattered sites of less than 10 acres throughout the community. 60 acres off'l2th Street north of 1-94 (medium density). 40 acres on 12th Street south of Milham A venue (high density). 40 acres on the north side of Milham Avenue between the Conrail tracks and Portage Creek (high density) . 25 acres between Schuring Road and Portage Central Park west of the Westnedge Avenue commercial area (medium density). 100 acres to the north of Centre Avenue straddling Lovers Lane (medium density). 45 acres on the north side of Osterhout Avenue east of the Contrail tracks (high density). 20 acres along the east side of Oakland Drive from 1-94 to Centre Avenue with additional acreage possible through the redevelopment of single-family dwellings on large lots. Office The "Future Land Use Map" shows only one office designation. Thus, the office category includes professional offices (doctors, dentists, lawyers, engineers, accountants, etc.); real estate and insurance offices; banks and other financial institutions; art and photographic studios; general offices; and community research facilities . Clearly general office use and cornrnunity research facilities require larger sites than the typical pre-existing residential uses along arterials; and compatibility with the abutting residential area will be important in the selection of the appropriate type and intensity of office use . At present, there are about 190 acres of vacant land zoned for office (excluding the 30-acre bog on the south side of South Westnedge Park) compared to a projected need of243 acres (excluding 103 acres associated with PharmaciaUpjohn): 2 3 4 5 25 acres on the north side of Milham Avenue east of the Kalamazoo Valley Intermediate School District. 30 acres on the southwest corner of Centre A venue and Shirely Court. 80 acres on the southwest corner of Centre Avenue and Oakland Drive. 30 acres on the south side of Bishop Avenue west of Capri Street. 25 acres in scattered sites of less than IO acres. The "Future Land Use Pattern" identifies two major office corridors in the City of Portage: I. 2. The Milham A venue corridor from Oakland Drive to Portage Road, and The Center A venue corridor from 12th Street to Portage Road . The Milham Avenue office corridor is strengthened through the designation of vacant parcels with other zoning for office use (about 80 acres): r r I. 2. 3. 4. The "Future Land Use Pattern" extends the Centre Avenue office corridor through Westnedge to Portage Road, and proposes additional parcels for office (about 65 acres): I. r r IO acres on the north side of Milham A venue between the Conrail tracks and Portage Creek. 40 acres on the south side of Milham A venue between Lovers Lane and Portage Road. 20 acres on the west side of Lovers Lane from south of Milham Avenue to Ramona A venue. 10 acres along the north side of Milham Avenue from Oakland Drive to Westnedge Avenue through the conversion of single-family residences and vacant lots. 40 acres on the east side of Oakland Drive south of Centre Avenue across from vacant land zoned for offices. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 12-3 �- - 2. - 3. I I 7 Redevelopment of 5 acres fronting the south side of Centre Avenue between Portage Creek and to the west of Shaver Road. The conversion of single-family residences and vacant Jots facing Centre Avenue between Kingston Drive and Portage Road (about 20 acres). Yielding another 30 acres for office use, the "Future Land Use Pattern" also: l. 2. Redesignates 10 acres on the northwest comer of Lovers Lane and I-94 for office rather than industrial use. Proposes offices on Kilgore Road east (about 5 acres) and west (15 acres) of Westnedge Avenue. Thus, the "Future Land Use Pattern" would provide potentially about 365 acres in additional sites for office uses. 3. Commercial The "Future Land Use" map provides three commercial designations: • • • ... Local Business Comparison Business General Business The "local business" designation is intended for neighborhood supportive uses and services (gasoline, convenience store, dry cleaning drop off, bank, smaJJ sit-down restaurant), and may include personal service establishments and professional offices. Neighborhood shopping centers fall in this designation. Thus, convenience (nondurable) goods and services are provided to residents and employees in the immediate neighborhood. The "local business" designation generally corresponds to the permitted uses in B-1 Local Business zoning district; however, general office uses and community research facilities would be inappropriate due to their magnitude and intensity. The "comparison business" designation is intended for shoppers goods (nondurable and smaller durable goods) and for personal service establishments, and may include general offices and community research facilities . The "comparison business" designation may also be termed "intensive" commercial/ business or "community" commercial/business. Community and regional shopping centers fall in this designation. Thus, shopping goods and services are provided to residents and employees in the community and the metropolitan areas. The "comparison business" designation generally corresponds to the permitted uses in B-2 Community Business zoning district. r; r r r r r The "general business" designation is intended for the full range of retail uses (nondurable and durable goods -- large and small), for hotel/motel and other highway services, for recreation facilities and for personal service establishments, and may include general offices and community research facilities . This designation adds the land extensive and large durable goods retail and service uses such as garden centers, home materials, automobile sales and services, furniture stores and large appliance stores (refrigerators, air-conditioners, washers, dryers, stoves). Thus, the full range of retail goods and services are provided to the community and travelers in this commercial designation. The "general business" designation generally corresponds to the permitted uses in B-3 General Business zoning district. The "Future Land Use Pattern" focuses commercial uses in two major commercial corridors, identifies four commercial revitalization areas, and designates 5 primary and 11 secondary commercial nodes. With a projected demand for an additional 207 acres by the year 2015, there are only 167 acres of vacant commercially zoned properties (excluding 160 acres for office services and 104 acres in residential PUD's). The largest vacant commercially zoned site are: PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 12-4 �• • • • 7 • 40 acres on the south side of Romence Road west of Westnedge Avenue . IO acres on the west side of Shaver Road to the south of Melody Avenue . 20 acres on the southwest corner of Sprinkle Road and Meredith Street. IO acres on Sprinkle Road north of Branch Avenue (that is proposed of smaller single-family lots). , 20 acres on the northwest corner of I-94 and Westnedge Avenue . The balance of the vacant commercial zoned land is scattered sites of five acres or Jess. The two major commercial corridors (for regional, community and neighborhood commercial uses) , where contiguous properties may be included, are: ., • • Westnedge Avenue from Kilgore Road to Shaver Road encompassing Portage Commerce Square, and Portage Road from I-94 to Milham Avenue and from north of Centre Avenue to Emily Drive near Austin Lake. The "Future Land Use Pattern" modestly expands the choice and location of sites in the Westnedge Commercial Corridor for continued strength of the area: • Designating 40 vacant acres for commercial use -⇒ Adding 25 acres of vacant and greenhouse property west of the Conrail tracks from Romence Road Parkway to Garden Lane. ⇒ Adding 15 vacant acres on the west side of South W estnedge A venue near Kilgore Road behind the Willow Creek shopping center. • Adding 20 acres through redevelopment of residential areas including: ⇒ IO acres between Peterman Road and Schuring Road abutting existing Westnedge Avenue commercial uses on the east, an industrial use on the south, and greenhouse operations on the west. ⇒ JO acres in the Della/Ruth area abutting existing Westnedge Avenue commercial uses . 'Ill • ... . ,,~ F ,...,.._ - The choice and location of sites in the Portage Commercial Corridor between Milham Avenue and I-94 are also expanded by recommending: • 30 acres on the southwest and southeast corners of Portage Road and Milham A venue for commercial purposes. The "Future Land Use Pattern" designates four commercial revitalization areas where commercial rezonings of contiguous properties would be entertained and public actions (such as infrastructure improvements) would stimulate private reinvestment: I. 2. 3. 4. Westnedge A venue from Romence Road Parkway to Shaver Road Portage Road from 1-94 to Yellowbrick Portage Road from Centre Avenue to Emily Drive Sprinkle Road at Long Lake Drive The five primary commercial nodes for local/employment supportive retail and service uses (grocery, drug-store, hardware store, restaurant, personal services, and business services) are: I. 2. Milham Avenue at 12th Street (30 vacant acres) Sprinkle Road at Meredith Road (20 vacant acres) <O "',;-; PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER 'T ;:: PLAN REPORT ( FlNAL) 12-5 �3. 4. 5. Centre Avenue at Moorsbridge Road Centre Avenue at Portage Road Shaver Road at Oakland Drive (6 vacant acres) The eleven (1 I) secondary commercial nodes for local supportive uses and services (gasoline, convenience store, dry cleaning drop off, bank, small sit-down restaurant), with the B-1 zoning district being the most appropriate, are: I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. I I. -, ... ... . Milham Avenue at Roanoke Street Milham Avenue at Lovers Lane Sprinkle Road at East Milham Road Centre Avenue at Oakland Drive Centre Avenue at Westnedge Avenue Centre A venue at Lovers Lane Centre Avenue at Sprinkle Road Portage Road at Zylman A venue Shaver Road at Osterhout Avenue Portage Road at Osterhout Avenue (designated "comparison business") Sprinkle Road at Long Lake Drive. In summary, the "Future Land Use Pattern" provides about 263 additional acres (including 167 acres of commercially zoned properties) to meet future demand for commercial sites. However, about 60 acres involve redevelopment of residential areas and greenhouses abutting Westnedge Avenue and major property owners such as Pharmacia-Upjohn Company, and is not readily available today for commercial development. Accordingly, readily available vacant sites for commercial purposes approximate about 203 acres. Thus, revitalization of existing commercial areas will be important in accommodating projected demands for commercial acreage. 4. Industrial The "Future Land Use Map" designates industrial areas, and does not subcategorize industrial areas. Thus, the "industrial" designation includes both "light" and "heavy" industrial uses as defined below. Generally associated with I-I industrial zoning, the "light industrial" includes wholesaling, warehousing, truck/recreational vehicle/mobile home/manufactured home/agricultural equipment sales and services, and manufacturing activities not involving raw materials. Except for truck/recreational vehicle/mobile home/manufactured home/agricultural equipment sales, all outdoor activities and materials should be screened from public view. Generally associated with the I-2 zoning district, the "heavy industrial" encompasses manufacturing activities involving raw materials, the extraction of minerals, and industrial activities where outdoor activities and materials may not be screened. -,r ,,. .,.. !u0 0 The "Future Land Use Pattern" designates two major industrial corridors: • • The Sprinkle Road Corridor generally running from the east City limits to Portage Creek and from Milham Avenue to Zylman A venue with -⇒ 260 vacant industrially zoned acres along Sprinkle Road. ⇒ 25 vacant industrially zoned acres along Lovers Lane. ⇒ 670 vacant acres owned by Upjohn . Shaver Road Corridor from roughly south of Centre Avenue to south of Osterhout Avenue with 405 acres of vacant land. The Sprinkle Road Corridor would add the possible Pharmacia-Upjohn acquisition of I 00 acres of residential south of Ramona, and 20 acres of primarily vacant land on the south side of Milham Avenue have been added to Portage Commerce Park. The remaining 25 acres of vacant industrial land is in scattered sites. On the other hand, about 179 acres of vacant industrially zoned land have been designated for non-industrial uses. Thus, the "Future Land Use Pattern" maintains the reduces of vacant land for future industrial purposes. ,;- c: - PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 12-6 �The Shaver Road Corridor redesignates about 30 acres east of Portage Creek to avoid future residential uses between the creek and Shaver Road . However, the available amount of vacant industrial land in the Shaver Road Corridor was not altered due to environmental constraints associated with the redesignated piece of property and others along Portage Creek. The transportation element proposes improved access to the corridor by widening Shaver Road to four !ant s from US 131 to Centre A venue and improved internal circulation south of Melody A venue between Shaver Road and Westnedge Avenue. 5. Open Space and Recreation (Natural/Cultural Resources) The open space designation includes public parks and greenways. Existing public parks are designed by a "P" in a circle. Possible future parks are designated by a "P" in a box. The only possible future park falls in the State Conservation Recreation Area in the event the State declares any portion surplus south of Portage Creek. ., .. The "Future Land Use Pattern" recognizes the need for parkland in northwest quadrant of City, but identifies no site nor general area. The "Future Land Use Pattern" also recognizes the desire to protect the Portage Creek flood plain from the Portage Creek Bi-Centennial Park northward to Kilgore Road. The "Future Land Use Pattern" also proposes a greenway network connecting existing natural amenities and parks within the City : • ... . ,,. 6. Through use of the Consumers Power property from 12th Street south of Milham Avenue eastward to Crossroads Mall, along the Portage Creek Bi-Centennial Park and PharmaciaUpjohn property to Portage Road , and from Conrail railroad tracks west of Sprinkle Road at Centre Avenue to the east City limits north of Centre Avenue . Public Use (Community Facilities) The "Future Land Use Map" designates a variety of public uses including cemeteries, fire stations, schools (elementary, middle and high), and public wellhead sites for drinking water. Existing facilities are shown by a circled abbreviation, and future facilities are shown by an abbreviation in a square. General public facilities (such as the library, community centers, administrative offices and government service centers) are not given an individual designation ; however, the City Centre Area where these facilities are concentrated has been designated by the abbreviation "CCA" and covers the general area intersected by Westnedge Avenue, Centre Avenue and Shaver Road . The "Future Land Use Pattern" reinforces the concept of a City Centre Area by : • • ,,- • r- • • 7. Designating the area west of City Hall along Shaver Road for offices. Permitting redevelopment of residential uses fronting on the south side of Centre Avenue from Portage Creek to Shaver Road for offices while maintaining the commercial fronting on Shaver Road . Creating a secondary commercial node at the corner of Centre Avenue and Shaver Road with commercial on the south side of Centre Avenue from Shaver Road to Currier Drive and redevelopment of the Portage Steel property. Designating the north side of Centre Avenue for offices from Shaver Road to Currier Drive. Proposing medium density residential development on the east side of the City Centre Area. Transportation The "Future Land Use Map" shows the location of committed major roadway improvements (i.e., major roadway widenings) and the general corridor of new roadways on the Major Thoroughfare Plan. - PORTAGE COMPREHENSTVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 12-7 �The transportation element includes several major thoroughfare improvements: • • • • ... • • .... . • Extending Romence Road Parkway from Lovers Lane to Portage Road. An East-West Corridor Study Area identifies where alternative alignment studies will be necessary to properly plan and determine the optimum location for the parkway extension, with the involvement of affected property owners. Improving internal circulation for the Shaver Road Industrial Corridor south of Melody A venue such as an additional street connection from Shaver Road eastward to encourage industrial development. Widening Shaver Road to five lanes from Melody Avenue to US 131 for improved industrial access. Improving vehicular and pedestrian facilities, including separation by curbing, landscaped areas, storm drainage and sidewalks, where appropriate, in the four revitalization areas -⇒ South Westnedge Avenue between Romence Parkway and Centre Avenue. ⇒ Portage Road between Milham Avenue and I-94. ⇒ Portage Road between Centre Avenue and Ames Drive. ⇒ Sprinkle Road between Zylman Avenue and Long Lake Drive. Adding a center left-tum lane to Portage Road between Centre Avenue and Emily Drive. Widening several thoroughfares -⇒ Kilgore A venue from Oakland Drive to Westnedge A venue (addition of third lane for left-turns) and from Lovers Lane to west of Portage Road (widening to four lanes with left-tum lanes at major intersections). ⇒ Lovers Lane from Milham Avenue to Kilgore Road (widening to four lanes with leftturn lanes at major intersections). ⇒ Milham A venue from 12th Street to Oakland Drive and from Lovers Lane to Portage Road (widening to four lanes with left-turn lanes at major intersections and addition of left-turn lanes between Oakland Drive and Lovers Lane) . ⇒ Oakland Drive from Milham Avenue to Centre Avenue (widening to four lanes with left-turn lanes at major intersections). ⇒ Centre Avenue from Westnedge Avenue to Portage Road (widening to four lanes with left-tum lanes at major intersections). ⇒ Shaver Road from Centre Avenue to Melody Avenue (widening to four lanes with left-turn lanes at major intersections). ⇒ Sprinkle Road from Centre Avenue to City limits (widening to four lanes with leftturn lanes at major intersections). Reconstructing the US 131 interchange with Centre A venue. ~ 0 0 ~ c• r PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) - 12-8 �- ------------------111111111111111- - r I I COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Figure 12: 1 "'9QILI:I. =i: . I -- LLLLL LLLLL L.LLL LLL 1-- N lLLLLLLLLLl l ' L ' LLLLU • • , ~LLLLLLLLL ('--------:::=::..= ~ - ~- - .. LLLL= LLL L.:, L.LL L, LLLL.... LLL I--, LLLLLLL. L-- f ' _/2 _., ~ 1/ . c - --~------, . ( _ _ ___J ~~• ' ,--.- . Ir--::::'..'....--====~--~ 0 ~ m~~ /2 I )/ U . MEDIUM - DENSITY RESIDENTIAL HIGH-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL LLL LLL I ~ ~ --...- - .......- c - ' , - - OC--~::-- r-<.~-- ~t OFFICE - LOCAL BUSINESS - COMPARISON BUSINESS ROMEi\JC - ~- INDUSTRIAL CITY CENTRE AREA ~ (City Holl, Police/Court, library. Senior Center. OeportmMt of Puolic Service.a. and Fire Oeportmer"lla.) FUTURE: EXISTING! @- Cemeteries ®- Fire Stations @- .LL LL L.L LL. L.L. I b~o~o~o1- PUBLIC: ' Ce ,, -11 ~ 0 Elementary Schools Middle Schools @@- - ~ ~ High Schools ~ Well Sites ~ ROUFNCF ~ :::::::: ~ - RECREATION/OPEN SPACE z ®- I ...J .,: z ;:;:: ___ - ./ ,r, ID a:: '-' ~.I ~~f "'.J C <( ;; 'i ~ a e;;,- I MW ME ~o~I SW SE ~. ~ - = 0- Future Porks 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS __,J - COMMERCl.t..L REI/IT1'\LIZATION ,l\REAS NE oow - Existing Pork s l iC ._--, C J- 3: '- .. q -m.!!3: o".'!~11 - GENERAL BUSINESS [Z,<7/?ZJ @- / I'- SINGLE FAMIL y DETACHED MEDIUM DENSITY ~ __, - - . :.: ::: ~:::::: :::+1- - - .u:-L - =: (' - r--' - - ~ (131 l/1 -™ ~~~~~~o LLL LLL 111 ~:lfI-,-bi~ -I_!~:..:.., '- '...! -LL 0) - bL!-L!-LQ - I I LOW-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL ,......... ·.·: . .·.·I - - 0) I- ~ -------~~::!!!i!!!C!!!!!:!!!!!!![!'!~ --MILHAM cJ1 LLLLLLLL I "LLLLLLLLLL - 1"=1500' f . . Future Land Use E~~ n MILHAM /1/ _LLL .LLLLL .LL LLL LLLLL LLLLL LLLLL LLLLL r-----a ------J MAP KF.Y PRIMARY COMMERCIAL NODES SECONDARY COMMERCIAL NODES - - - - - MAJOR ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS: HOWEVER .. ~ THE SENSITIVELAND AREAS INVENTORY SHOULD BE REFERENCED FGR AREAS OUTSIDE ~lll~ ;__ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Tli•E• l•OO• -• Y•EA_R_ FL~O~ OD~P~LA~IN,;.; B~ OU~N•D•AR•Y•· - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . L - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~~ ~ - - ~ - - ~ ffi i/ _ -NOTE: 12-9 �lI I COMPREHENSIVE PLAN I .~ Figure 12: 1 Future Land Use LOW-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL ~ - SINGLE FAMIL y DETACHED MEDIUM DENSITY lt~t~tU:ttl - MEDIUM -- DENSITY RESIDENTIAL bLLLLLQ - HIGH-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL - OFFICE - LOCAL BUSINESS - COMPARISON BUSINESS - GENERAL BUSINESS - INDUSTRIAL -™ I-'·' ·I ~ - V,1,>Z-<-'21 - ~- I C) :;: 0 ®- _,I ..( z ;:.:: _ / 0, Cle O> (/):;: ~ 0 ~~'f - o(/) 1 "' u (/)~I 0 :5 ::J 9 ~gj. '° ii ✓-, ! 5,:.: II) ~ Hign Scnoors - ~ Well Sites - ~ RECREATION/OPEN SPACE Exi;,tir,g Porks - _.i - I [£]- Future Porks 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS COMMERCIAL REVIT.t•.LIZATION ARE.t,S - PRIMARY COMMERCIAL NODES NW Mw ME SW SE 1.----J I- _ .. ~ - c=J r----"' - Ou.. ,g &ii cl - c:::1 ~,uJ_ ~~ n - [1.,_ _ - ~iw ~ __ - C) I I -0 Middle Schools ~::;::;::;::; ~ - w z - @] Elementary Schools - @@- ~ - "'(D Fire Stations 0- Q) I II FUTURE: ©®- - I I EXISTING: @- I (City Holl, Police/Court, Librory, Senior Center. Deportment ot Public Services. and Fire. Deportments.) Cemeteries I I I II I CITY CENTRE AREA ~ I II I - I ---•NOTE : MAP KO 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS· HOWE THE srnSITl'v'ELAND AREAS INliErHORY SHOULD BE REFERENCED FOR AREA- VEOURT._ THE 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN BOUNDARY. ~ ~IDc - __,_;.:::.a:wwss - sEcoNDARY coMMrncIAL NODEs MAJOR ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS EAST-WEST CORRIDOR STUDY AREA FOR ROMENCE ROAD PARKWAY EXTENSION ----------------------------------------.J..--__,;;..;.__;,.,,;__;. ;. ;. ;.; ;.;,.;,___,: 12-10 �COMPREHENSIVE PLAN - Figure 12: 1 Future Land Use 1"=1500' - - .. .. ······ .... . ·· ········· .. ········ ..... . ... .. .... ... .. ·········· .. ...... ..······ ............. ...... .. ........ ········ . ·············· .............. . .. .. ..... . . ........ .... ······ . . .. .. .. ........ ............. .... .. .. . . .. .. ······ LOW- DENSITY RESIDENTIAL f§:~ - .......... - - SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED MEDIUM DENSITY - MEDIUM-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL - HIGH-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL - OFFICE - LOCAL BUSINESS - COMPARISON BUSINESS - GENERAL BUSINESS - INDUSTRIAL ~ ~; ~ o ~ o 1- • - ~ ~ - PUBLIC: CITY CENTRE AREA (City Holl, Police/Court. Ubrary. Senior C..Oter, Department of Publlc Servk;,,s, and Fire Departments.) EXISTING: FUTURE: ©- Cemeteries - @] -0 ®- Fire Stations @- Middle Schools - ~ @- High Schools - ~ @- Well Sites - ~ @ - Elementary Schools - § ~;::;::;::;:: j - ®- __ - NW NE ME SW Existing Porks - [ I- 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS; HOWEVER Tl,[ SENSITIVELAND AREAS INVENTORY SHOULD BE REFERENCED FOR AREAS OUTSIDE Tl,E 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN BOUNDARY. COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS COMMERCIAL REVITALIZATION AREAS C PRIMARY COMMERCIAL NODES - +NOTE: Future Porks C: =i - =::J - ~----"" MAP l<-EY [EJ- 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN ,------, - SE RECREATION/OPEN SPACE - - - SECONDARY COMMERCIAL NODES - MAJOR ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS - EAST-WEST CORRIDOR STUDY AREA FOR ROMENCE ROAD PARKWAY EXTENSION 12-11 �- ■ I I COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Figure 12: 1 Future Land Use 1''=1500' I I LOW-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL ~ - MEDIUM - DENSITY RESIDENTIAL ~LLLLL Q - HIGH-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL I- ~ ~ I OFFICE - LOCAL BUSINESS - COMPARISON BUSINESS GENERAL BUSINESS V,%>/'/%?j - INDUSTRIAL PUBLIC: ~~o ~o ~o l ~ ~ I - CITY CENTRE AREA (City Holl, Po'1c.e/Courl. Li'brory, Senior Center. Deportment of Public Service.9. ond Fire Deportments.) EXISTING: FUTURE: ©®@@@- 0 C .fl ~ I ... _.J ( 0 ( fl < __ .- - ~w ~~~I ,_}},~ I zl . :) ;;-I - Middle Schools ~ - ~ High Schools [8] Well Sites [!] RECREATION/OPEN SPACE 0- f" u turc Po.-ks - 100- YEAR FLOODPLAIN NW - COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS c::J - COMMERCIAL REVITALIZATION ARU,S sw = NE C J r----, 1.----J sr MAP l<EY •NOTE: ~~-;'(AR FLOODPLAIN INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS; HOWEVER, 1 ~_ .:,ENSITIVELAND AREAS INVENTORY BE _ REFERENCED FOR_ AREAS OUTSIDE TH _E ,o;;, o_ y;,;;E,;,;, AR ~ FL~O;::O~D P~L,: Al;;;, N.,:; B~O:;,; UN;;,:;D;,;; A~ RY;,;. .SHOULD ___ ____ __ __ c_;; _,··, 1__________________________________________________ -> LL r-L - <{ ~ ~ ~- I Elementary Schools - 3: >ti ' -0 C (.') , .. q a, Fire Stations Existing Porl<s z ~ @] Cemeteries ®~:;::::::j ®- ~..i I SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED MEDIUM DENSITY f~~LLLLLL 8 · t , I LU I II - - - - PRIMARY COMMERCIAL NODES _ sEcoNDARY coMMrnc1AL NODEs MAJOR ROAD WA y IMPROVEMENTS EAST -WEST CORRIDOR STUDY AREA FOR ROMENCE ROAD PARK WA y EXTENSION -1_________________~~----12-12 �I I I I I I - I ~-----------------,-,--~~--------~~~---~-~--r---~- I I -------7~ ::: ::: :: := ::: _z: -----,',,i :::::z:- I - I I I I I - I I II ~~~-- I \ I --~-- -~--------- ' P----------~------------------~----------- --------~~~~-------------------------- ------~s-----= \\ --~~---------------x-=~=:::~=====~~~::±:::::::::::::_~= =- --- / ) J =~===========t======t========================~=====~============= --------------~----~------------------------------~--~----------------~=:::~:::~=~=::::::::=~~$Z~~~=~::=~~==~=~= --- -- -- - - --- -- -- -- --- -- -- -- - -- - -- --- - - -- -- -----------------------~~----------------------------------~--~--------------------------------~----~~~---------------------------~------~-------------------------~------~----------lnl'--------------M --= ---------~---------~----=:::::: - ::: ~::::::::::: :=;:::: = ABE~::~:::::: - __,\;:::: ---------------------------------------------t--~-~------------------- ----r+-- . - .4 - ,,,::::;_-::,6- ----- -- --~---- ~- -- \ -, f- w w 0:::: f- (f) I f- N $-~_::: - - :::_;:: ::::~:::: - ~:: :::- - ~ :: :::: l - :::: ~:::::::::::;::;:: _ - ::: ::: ::: SIAlL ~~~iicU;: ~ :]'E~mL COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Figure 12: 1 ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: :! ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: - w :::: ~~~~~~~~=~~===~~~~~+~~~~~~= - - HIGH-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL - OFFICE - LOCAL BUSINESS - INDUSTRIAL ~~o~o~ol - PUBLIC: ~ ~ - CITY GEN TRE AREA (City Hon, Police/Court, Librory. Senior Center, Deportment of Public Sentic.aa. ona nre Oeportm0t1ts..) EXISTING: @- Cemeteries - [I] Fire Stations - IT] Middle Schools a:: C/1 ~ -~ _,I ®- « z (;: / <D CD ~,~. _ - - 7fl;~ · ~.; 3' I F L ~'91 I I i{ti!G' ~ cX ;s I u.. NW NE 0 "' MW M[ "'. ._,. ~I ~o;:!-1 ~ ~~ I ~ Well Sites ~ v ,. ~- ,_>LL .s -~"."'. - l_________________________________________________ 100- YEAR FLOODPLAIN INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS: HOWEVER THE SE;;SITIVELAND AREAS INVEiHORY SHOULD 8E REFERENCED FOR AREAS OUTSIDE RECREATION/OPEN SPACE 0- Future Purks 100- YEAR FLOODPLAIN i- - COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS C: ::J C :J - PRIMARY COMMERCIAL NODES r----"'l SECONDARY COMMERCIAL NODES = ---- - ,NOTE: ~ Existifly Purks 1.----"' MAP i<:EY - ~ High Schools II ~:: : : : : ~ - -en 0 FUTURE: Elementary Schools - @@@- I\ --- - MEDIUM - DENSITY RESIDENTIAL I I GENERAL BUSINESS - _ - I COMPARISON BUSINESS -- , LOW-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL SINGLE FAMIL y DETACHED MEDIUM DENSITY i:. ~LLLLLL.Lj l.L'. l l LLLL I Future Land Use 1"= 1500' =~~=~=~==~~~~=~~~~~=~~~~~~-~= - OfPOR1U.mES 1::- VANDERBILT I COMMERCIAL REI/ITALIZATION AREAS MAJOR ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS J.__________________~ ;:7;~-- _:T;,;;E H ~ 10~0;, - ,;,: YE;;;A;, R.;,F~Lo~o~DP ~L;; A:;,; 1N.;B ;;;;o;u;;.; ND~A;;,;, RY,;,;._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12-13 I I �'11111111 w (_.'.) 0 -- -- -- L,i.J.,,..--,..--,..--~ ~ ....~~,,...-....-A,, - - __, - - - I Wl::ST LAKE 1: l..d--'----,-J,.-.i ">-- ,--, - - - - - ,,.- ,...,,..- ,,...- I COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Figure 12: 1 Future Land Use I I I 1''=1500' I I AUSTl t✓ LAl<E I- ~ LOW-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL - SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED MEDIUM DENSITY [~LLUtt-ttl - MEDIUM ·- DENSITY RESIDENTIAL kLLLLLQ - HIGH-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL ' CmJ~ ;::::el!IIDLl!aoc,c.. /'-..\) ::=~=-,,0<1,000 \. _ =- ,, ~-::~ I ~ -# ~ /) ;7 I·.'·: '' ::::. j - OFFICE - - LOCAL BUSINESS - fx2™ - COMPARISON BUSINESS ~ GENERAL BUSINESS V):>:.</2%1 - INDUSTRIAL p~o~o~ol - Pusuc: ~- Cln' CENTRE AREA ~ (City Holl, Police/Courl, Library. Senior Center. Deportm en t of Pvblie Services, ond Fire Depor tmeit&) FUTURE: EXISTING: Cemeteries Fire Stations @- a (/) z MANDI GO G: / ~ @- High Schools - ~ Well Sites - ~ r ~~~ :.::. .. o :,,~W ;fi I o Ou.. ::i~G' 0, I -~=~, o - NW NE MW ME j- 0- Futu r ~ Purks PRIMARY COMMERCIAL NODES 1.-----' r-----, - SECONDARY COMMERCIAL NODES ---- - MAJOR ROADWAY tMPROVEMENTS = SW MAP KCY , NOTE: COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS C ._--, C ::J __, - u::, ) g~ ~ ~ fB I .....!! ,. / I ! '5 ~ RECREATION/OPEN SPACE Exi;tir.g Porks - 100- YEAR FLOODPLAIN ) CD ' Middle Schools ®- I _J <{ ~ @- ®I [ ::::;::;::; j - -~w - Elementary Schools - COMMERCIAL REVITALIZATION AREAS 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS: HOWEVER TI-iE SENSITIVELAND AREAS INVENTORY SHOULD SE REFERENCED FOR AREAS OUTSID TriE 100- YEAR FLOODPLAIN BOUNDARY. E =--------------------------~....;.;;;,;,,;;~..;....;..,;------------..L-----------.... 12- 14 �- r - "'r r - r I - I I I A. ~./ ' CHAPTER 13: IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES AND ACTIONS OVERVIEW This chapter of the Comprehensive Plan addresses implementation strategies and actions to achieve the future vision for the community set forth in the Comprehensive Plan and its functional elements. To the extent possible, a timetable is suggested for execution of these strategies and actions consistent with available staff and financial resources of the City of Portage. Development of the implementation strategies and actions involves a four-step process of determining what implementation tools exist through State enabling statutes, what statutory tools are being exercised today, and what strategies (with appropriate implementation tools) would best implement the comprehensive plan. The implementation strategies are based on the Comprehensive Plan Update "goals and objectives" adopted by the Planning Commission and the proposed Future Land Use Map. A cumulative listing of implementation recommendations, organized by the topical categories of the "goals," is found in the table at the end of this chapter. I B. I The tools to implement the comprehensive plan are traditionally placed in four categories corresponding to the primary powers of municipal government: AVAILABLE TOOLS • • • • I land use regulations derived from police powers, capital improvement programs derived from budgetary powers, property acquisition programs derived from eminent domain powers, and revenue generation policies derived from taxing powers. I 1. I I In addition to the Master Plan (i.e., comprehensive plan) under the Michigan Compiled Laws (MCL 125.36), land use regulations authorized by state enabling legislation include: zoning regulations (MCL 125.581), subdivision regulations and condominium regulations (MCL 125.44), planned unit development regulations (MCL 125.584b), and site plan review regulations (MCL 125.584d). a. I Land Use Regulations Zoning Regulations Zoning is the primary tool by which land use is regulated in most communities in the nation. It is generally viewed as a police power (protection of public health and safety) for protecting property values. Zoning places land uses types into categories (termed "zoning districts) and then identifies geographically where these categories are appropriate in the community. The zoning regulations also control the intensity of development by regulating the bulk of the development through minimum lot sizes, structure setbacks from the property line (i.e., minimum yard requirements). maximum lot coverage (i.e., portion of the lot covered by the footprint of the structure), floor area ratios (i.e. , ratio of floor area to lot area), maximum heights, minimum open space, and maximum dwelling units per acre. The zoning regulations may also be used to regulate the performance aspects of PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER Pl.AN REPORT (FINAL) 13-1 �r J ' I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 the development by requiring adequate off-street parking, appropriate signing and landscaping. More recently, zoning regulations have been used to assure performance in the protection of environmentally sensitive areas such as floodplains, wetlands, steep slopes, etc. The City or Village Zoning Act (MCL I 25.581) enables land use regulations "to limit the inappropriate congestion of population and the overcrowding of land, transportation systems, and other public facilities ." Such regulations are to be in accordance with the comprehensive plan. Municipalities may also adopt regulations for congested areas restnctmg the maximum number of families or dwelling units and for "special programs" to achieve specific land management objectives (MCL 125.583). This permits the creation of zoning overlay districts where performance standards must be met for new or expanded uses or structures to occur. The most common zoning overlay district is floodplain zoning; however, the purposes of the overlay district appear to be open ended when tied to special land management objectives. Through "special land use" (MCL 125.584a) and planned unit development (MCL 125 .584b) designations, a municipality may add conditions (MCL 125.584c) to new or expanded uses such as ensuring adequate public infrastructure. As a note of interest, Michigan legislation allows recession of local legislative body approval of a zoning amendment by public referendum. In conclusion, zoning regulations may not only control the location, type and intensity of development; regulations establish permit some provisions that affect the timing and rate of development. b. Subdivision and Condominium Regulations Subdivision regulations control the manner in which property is subdivided and the public improvements required to support development within the subdivision (MCL 125.44). Legal case history indicates that these regulations are confined to physical improvements on-site such as roadways, sanitary sewers, waterlines and drainage; and cannot be used to require off-site improvements where public facilities would become inadequate due to the proposed platting. Thus, a driveway permit ordinance is often used as a means to require roadway improvements at the entrances to subdivisions. Adoption of a major street system under the comprehensive plan is a prerequisite to the exercise of Planning Commission plat approval authority (MCL 125.43). c. Site Plan Review Regulations Municipalities may require a site plan to ensure that a proposed use or act1v1ty is in compliance with local ordinances, may require the submission and approval of a site plan before authorization of a land use or activity regulated by the zoning ordinance, and shall require a site plan for "special land uses" and "planned unit developments" (MCL 125.584d). Further, a local jurisdiction may require a performance guarantee "to ensure compliance with a zoning ordinance" (MCL 125.584e). Although the site plan review process is a means to ensure the adequacy of the public infrastructure to support development, off-site improvements cannot be required unless such conditions are previously imposed through an zoning overlay district, rezoning, "special land use" permit application or "planned unit development" application. 1 2. l The preparation of a capital improvement program for public facilities is a key tool to guide the location, type, timing and rate of growth in geographic subareas of the community. State legislative authorizes the adoption of a minimum six-year capital improvement program (MCL 125.39). [The City of Portage prepares and adopts a tenyear capital improvement program.] Capital Improvement Programs In addition to expenditures on public infrastructure, a municipality may assist in the preservation, revitalization and attraction of housing and businesses through various grant and loan assistance programs. l 1 PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (fiNAL) 13-2 �r r r r r 3. Property Acquisition Programs The municipality may exercise the power of eminent domain to acquire private property (or interest therein) for a public purpose. However, the definition of public purpose is quite broad. Thus, in addition to the ability to acquire private property for public infrastructure such as roads, sewers, public buildings and parks, a local jurisdiction may acquire private property to•facilitate redevelopment and even to eliminate nonconforming uses or structures (MCL 125.583a). The municipality may also be a recipient of private property or easements by gift from the owner. Thus, the municipality may be a recipient of conservation easements for historic and environmental preservation purposes. 4. Revenue Policies ' Revenue policies are the purview of the Portage City Council. Although the waiver of property taxes (i.e., tax abatements) is no longer available for commercial projects to attract new businesses into a community, the municipality has the ability raise revenues within a specific geographic area for specific purposes or to capture the increment in revenues in a specific geographic area for specific purposes. "Special assessment districts" for roadways and other public facilities are common. "Tax increment finance" is a means to capture the increment in revenue for a specific area and to expend the increment for public improvements to serve that specific area. I C. TOOLS EXERCISED 1. Land Use Regulations I I I I I I I I I The City of Portage has established a comprehensive development review process from development conceptualization to building occupation that covers preliminary and final site review, building plan and infrastructure plan review, construction inspection, and construction finalization and occupancy (i.e., certificate of occupancy). The development review process covers all projects except single family homes and minor remodeling activities. The projects reviewed involve: site plans, final plans for planned unit development districts, land subdivision, condominium subdivision, landscape plans and/or building plans. a. Zoning Regulations The general zoning districts (residential, office, commercial and industrial) of Portage specify permitted uses and conditional uses; address height, bulk, density and area requirements; and include off-street parking and loading, signing, landscaping and lighting provisions. Supplemental zoning districts include Expressway Service (ES) , Research Park (RC), and Mobile Home Community (MHC). In addition to the Mobile Horne Community district, development plans (i.e., "tentative" plans) are only required for zoning approval in the case of the two planned unit development districts -- the Planned Development (PD) district for the mixture of residential housing types and nonresidential uses up to 20 percent of the area uses and the Commercial Planned District (CPD) -- and the HighTech Research District (OS-2). The only overlay district in the Portage regulations is for flood hazard areas. Within flood hazard areas (which coincide with the limits of the 100-year flood), only agricultural and recreational uses are permitted. Under separate City ordinance, property owners may transfer residential densities in wetland areas to non-wetland areas of the same tract , thereby increasing the density for the non-constrained area equal to the wetland. A Board of Zoning Appeals has been established in Portage to authorize variances from the provisions of the zoning regulation, and to decide requests for exceptions for interpretations of the Zoning Map and for decisions on special approval situations. I I I PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 13-3 �r r r r r ' I I I I I I I I I I b. Subdivision and Condominium Regulations The City of Portage presently has in place subdivision regulations, and uses the "Major Thoroughfare Plan" adopted as part of the Comprehensive Plan for the preservation of rights-of-way for roadways. The subdivision regulations also establish location and design standards for public infrastructure improvement: • • • • • for roadways -- right-of-way and pavement width standards by functional class with the latitude to establish greater widths for "major thoroughfares or boulevards"; for walkways -- location and width standards; for electrical wiring -- placement in underground conduits located in private easements or public rights-of-way with the exception of major thoroughfares; and for sanitary sewers, waterlines, storm drainage facilities, and street lighting -- placement in easements and location and design standards. The subdivision regulations encourage the preservation of natural features such as trees, groves, watercourses, beaches, historic spots, etc., and the preservation of drainage and natural stream channels with appropriate barriers. The regulations require the planting of street trees, and may require planting, berming and screening to buffer adjacent uses. The Planning Commission and the City Council approve preliminary and final (subdivision) plats in Portage. The condominium regulations for Portage set out the general design features for condominium subdivisions and incorporate the general subdivision infrastructure requirements. The Planning Commission and City Council approve condominium subdivisions. c. Site Plan/Landscape Plan Review Regulations Site plan review is required for the erection or alteration of buildings for all uses except single-family dwellings and uses in the Research Park, Light Industrial and Heavy Industrial districts beyond the 200-foot limit of the zoning district boundary or property under separate ownership (Section 1280.06 of the City of Portage Zoning Code). The site plan must be approved by a majority vote of the Planning Commission. For planned unit developments, final plan approval is required from the Planning Commission and City Council. Access permits are required for street and curb openings from the City of Portage or Kalamazoo County Road Commission, depending upon the jurisdiction responsible for maintenance of the roadway. Approval of a landscape plan is a staff function within the Community Development Department of the City of Portage. 2. Capital Improvement and Other Expenditure Programs For many years, the City of Portage has had a multi-year capital improvement program (CIP) covering infrastructure (streets, bikeways, sidewalks, sanitary sewers, waterlines, storm sewers and drainage) and community facilities (public buildings, fire, police and parks). The latest CIP adopted in the Spring of 1996 covers the ten-year period from 1996 to 2006. In particular, the CIP has been and continues to focus infrastructure improvements to support office, commercial and industrial corridors. For example, industrial development initiatives will provide street and utility improvements in the Sprinkle Road Industrial Corridor between Milham Avenue and Bishop Road and in the Shaver Road Industrial Corridor along Industrial Drive. To attract and retain businesses, the following partnerships and programs exist: I I I • Economic Development Job Training by the State of Michigan. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPOA TE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 13-4 �r r r r r r I I • • • • 3. I Because Portage is a relatively new community (only 10 percent of the housing being 50 years or more old and 70 percent of the housing less than 35 years old), City housing programs have focused on conservation and rehabilitation, and a housing redevelopment program is not among the current strategies. I I I I I I I I Revenue Policies The City of Portage has exercised the tool of special assessment districts to reconstruct and widen South W estnedge Avenue from 1-94 to Centre Avenue and other public improvement projects. The City also has a Tax Increment Financing program for public improvements (utilities, streets and site preparation) in the area of an industrial development project funded through the increases in property tax revenues in the area. D. I Property Acquisition Programs In addition to the acquisition of land for public infrastructure and facilities , the City of Portage has on occasion acquired property on the corners of intersecting arterials to remove commercial development pressure. 4. I Job Training Partnership Act for economically disadvantaged adults and youths as well as dislocated and older workers, involving the Kalamazoo County Board of Commissioners, Upjohn Institute and Private Industry Council. Business resource and assistance programs provided by the Kalamazoo County Chamber of Commerce, ~alamazoo County Convention & Visitor Bureau, and City of Portage Economic Development Corporation (an independent corporation formed under State of Michigan Act 338). Financial programs from the State of Michigan including State Research Fund, Venture Capital Fund, Seed Capital Program, Capital Access Program, Business and Industrial Development Corporations, SBA 504 Program, and Bonds (taxable and tax-exempt). Financial programs for the City of Portage including the Industrial Development Revenue Bond program and Tax Increment Financing program. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES Having reviewed the implementation tools being exercised and considering the "goals and objectives" and proposed "Future Land Use Map" of the Comprehensive Plan Update, implementation strategies have been developed under each of the major implementation tool categories. Under each implementation tool, specific actions and a timeframe for implementation are also identified. This section concludes with listing of the implementation strategies by the topical categories of the Comprehensive Plan Update "goals," demonstrating the relationship between the future vision of the community embodied in the "goals and objectives" and the implementation strategies. 1. Land Use Regulations a. Zoning Regulations ♦ Strategies With the recent creation of the Commercial Planned District (CPD) and High-Tech Research District (OS-2), there are now three zoning districts (mixed-use, commercial, and high-tech) requiring development plans as part of the rezoning process. With the desire of providing greater assurance that what is shown in concept during the rezoning process will actually be built, consideration may given to creation of additional planned development districts covering other major uses -- office and industrial. To facilitate the preservation of natural areas and infill development, a new planned unit development district is suggested that allows a range in residential types parallel to the present Planned Development (PD) district. However, the new planned development district would limit non-residential uses to retail and office and to less than 20 percent of the land area, and may have more stringent open space requirements. PORTAGE C OMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 13-5 �f r r r r I Consideration may also be given to an environmental overlay district, complementing the present Flood Hazard District, to address the protection of environmentally sensitive areas through appropriate performance measures. Such an overlay may incorporate the transfer development features of the present City ordinance applying to wetlands and may expand the transfer of development rights to other environmentally sensitive areas. In light of the future land use designations, areawide rezonings should be initiated by the City Council and/or Planning Commission to create additional vacant land zoned for higher density single-family detached housing (i.e., rezoning from the R-lB, R-1 C and R-ID districts to the R- IA district or new cluster housing district). The Planning Commission and City Council would also entertain rezonings in commercial revitalization areas upon application of the property owner for commercial development compatible with the surrounding area. Finally, the Development Review Guidelines and the Future Land Use and the Major Thoroughfare Plan maps of the Comprehensive Plan Update should continue to be incorporated into the rezoning process to assess the compatibility of the proposed rezoning with the Comprehensive Plan. ♦ I Actionsffimetable The following changes should be examined and implemented within existing staff resources with the next three years (and on an on-going basis in the case of rezonings): I I) 2) I 3) I 4) I 5) I I The entertainment of rezonings in commercial revitalization areas upon application of the property owner for commercial development would be an on-going and long-term effort. b. I I ♦ I I Subdivision and Condominium Regulations Strategies Modifications to the subdivision regulations may be studies to include: I) 2) 3) I I Creation of additional planned development districts covering office and industrial uses. Creation of a new planned unit development district that allows a range in residential types parallel to the present Planned Development (PD) district, but, unlike the present Planned Development district, limits non-residential uses to retail and/or office uses to less than twenty percent (20%) of the land area. Investigation of an environmental overlay district, complementing the present Flood Hazard District, to address the protection of environmentally sensitive areas through appropriate performance measures. Initiation of areawide rezonings by the City Council and/or Planning Commission to create additional vacant land zoned for higher density single-family detached housing (i.e., rezoning from the R-lB, R-IC and R-lD districts to the R-IA district or new cluster housing district), as well as other rezonings consistent with this Comprehensive Plan. Incorporation of the Development Review Guidelines, the Future Land Use map and the Major Thoroughfare Plan map of the Comprehensive Plan Update into the rezoning process to assess the compatibility of the proposed rezoning with the Comprehensive Plan. ♦ On-going review of development regulations to ensure appropriate minimum development standards and cost-efficient development practices. Requirements for the location and design of bikeways, similar to the treatment of sidewalks. Review of current sidewalk requirements for a more comprehensive policy. Actionsffimetable Review and modification of the subdivision regulations should be accomplished with existing staff resources as soon as practical. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE Pi.AN UPDATE : MASTER PLAN REPORT (FlNAL) 13-6 �r r 2. I I ♦ Capital Improvement and Other Expenditure Programs Strategies Appropriate additions should be considered in the context of capital improvement programs to: 1) 2) I 3) 4) I I ♦ Actionsffimetable Appropriate additions should be made to the City of Portage capital improvement program in the Spring of 1997, and annually thereafter, to: I) 2) I I I I 3) 4) I I I Consider the proposed street connection between Lovers Lane and Portage Road; Consider an additional street connection from Shaver Road eastward to encourage industrial development; Add sidewalk and landscaping improvements in the Westnedge Avenue commercial revitalization area between Centre A venue and Shaver Road; and Program major street projects consistent with the Kalamazoo Area Transportation Study's Transportation Improvement Program and Long Range Transportation Plan. Because 12th Street, Portage Road, Sprinkle Road and Centre A venue (between Westnedge Avenue and Sprinkle Road) are maintained by the Kalamazoo County Road Commission (KCRC), the City of Portage should work with the Kalamazoo County Road Commission to include within their transportation improvement program: 1) 2) I Consider a street connection between Lovers Lane and Portage Road in the area between Milham A venue and Centre A venue; Consider an additional street connection from Shaver Road eastward to encourage industrial development; Add sidewalk, landscaping and roadway improvements in the Westnedge Avenue, Portage Road and Sprinkle Road commercial revitalization areas; and Accomplish major street improvement projects as identified in Kalamazoo Area Transportation Study's Transportation Improvement Program and Long Range Transportation Plan. 3) The addition of sidewalk and landscaping improvements in the Portage Road commercial revitalization area between 1-94 and Milham A venue. The addition of sidewalk and landscaping improvements in the Sprinkle Road commercial revitalization area between Gray Street and south of Wells Street; The addition of a center left-turn lane, sidewalk and landscape improvements to the Portage Road commercial revitalization area between Centre A venue and Emily Drive; and Within existing staff resources (complemented with professional service contracts), the City of Portage should investigate a variety of tools to acquire an interest in the property within the Portage Creek Flood Hazard Area from Portage Bicentennial Park at Milham Avenue to Kilgore Road and prepare an implementation strategy addressing implementation responsibilities and funding sources. Annually through the Capital Improvement Program, and with appropriate assistance through professional service contracts, the City of Portage should investigate a variety of tools to acquire an interest in the property to preserve the greenway corridors proposed in the Comprehensive Plan Update and prepare an appropriate strategies for implementation. I I I PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (fiNAL) 13-7 �r r 3. ♦ I I I I Property Redevelopment Programs Strategies To facilitate the redevelopment of existing areas for high density residential, office and commercial purposes, the City of Portage should further consider the timing and level of commitment to each of the residential redevelopment area and the Portage Steel property. The primary residential area of concern is the western 10 acres of the Della/Ruth neighborhood fronting existing Westnedge Avenue commercial that is designated for future comparison business. ♦ Actionsffimetable When development/redevelopment opportunities are presented for the Della/Ruth area and the Portage Steel property, the City of Portage Planning Commission should consider appropriate Jong-term redevelopment programs with recommendations addressing the appropriate geographic boundaries, level of public financial commitment and funding strategy (when appropriate), implementation responsibilities and timing prior to: I I) 2) I I I I I I I I I I I I 4. ♦ Redevelopment of the Portage Steel property on the southeast Corner of Centre Avenue and Shaver Road for commercial purposes; or Redevelopment of the western one-third of the Della/Ruth residential area for commercial purposes. Property Interest Acquisition Programs Strategies To facilitate the protection of the Portage Creek Flood Hazard Area from Milham A venue to Kilgore Road, the City of Portage should investigate a variety of tools to acquire an interest in the property for preservation of the 100-year floodplain. Such tools range from land acquisition to the dedication of conservation easements by private property owners, and the most appropriate tool will depend upon the tax situation and attitude of individual property owners. To accomplish the greenway linkages, the City of Portage should investigate a variety of tools to acquire an interest in the property. In the case of the Consumers Power property running east-west through the City, the City should investigate the extent to which the property may be used as a linear park. Liability, improvement and maintenance responsibilities will have to be defined and addressed. To further protect the 100-year floodplain and associated environmentally sensitive areas, the City may wish to investigate the dedication of conservation easements with tax and transfer development rights incentives by private owners. Further, when ever private development occurs along any creek, the property owner should be requested to place the 100-year_floodplain in an easement. ♦ Actions/fimetable Within existing staff resources (complemented with professional service contracts, as appropriate), the City of Portage should annually investigate, in the context of the Capital Improvement Program, a variety of tools to acquire an interest in the property for the protection of the Portage Creek Flood Hazard Area from Milham A venue to Kilgore Road and prepare an implementation program addressing responsibilities and funding sources. Also, the City of Portage should investigate a variety of tools to acquire an interest in other properties within the 100-year floodplain, and prepare an implementation program. 5. Revenue Policies No changes are recommended to the present exercise of revenue policies. Such policies are in the purview of the Portage City Council. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 13-8 �r I I I I I 6. Listing of Implementation Recommendations a. Overview During the process of updating the Comprehensive Plan, recommendations have evolved on strategies and actions to move the Plan toward fulfillment. The end result is the effective use of community physical resources to meet the housing, employment, recreation, health and cultural needs of the community consistent with the future vision for the community embodied in the "goals and objectives" of the Comprehensive Plan. Many of the recommendations on the logical pattern of future land use and the provision of transportation and utility infrastructure and community facilities support desirable future land uses as geographically displayed in the Future Land Use map. Each of the comprehensive plan functional elements or the cumulative effect of these elements provides the foundation for the land use recommendations reflected in the Future Land Use map. Other recommendations in the Comprehensive Plan functional elements affecting location, type, timing and intensity of land use cannot be readily reflected in a static Future Land Use map, and are addressed in this section. These recommendations encompass: • I • • I • • • I I I • b. Adjustments and modifications to land use controls and the development review and approval process. The physical development of the transportation and utility infrastructure and community facilities that are the foundation of Portage's Capital Improvement Program. Incentives to facilitate through the private sector the preservation of housing and unique environmental resources, revitalization of commercial and industrial areas, and redevelopment of obsolete structures and areas for more viable structures and uses. Actions and incentives to facilitate the provision of housing opportunities for all income levels. Actions and incentives to preserve and attract job opportunities. Acquisition of property rights or interests to provide transportation/utility infrastructure and community facilities and to protect unique natural, historic and cultural areas. Revenue policies to provide incentives and the infrastructure to support the desired future land use pattern, housing, employment and preservation objectives of the community. Listing The implementation recommendations by topical area associated with the "goals" of the Comprehensive Plan Update appear in Table 13-1. This table is intended to provide a checklist for recommendations of the Comprehensive Plan and to make these implementation activities more visible as a means by which to gauge progress toward their achievement. I I I I I I I PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 13-9 �------------ ... .. --- ~ .... Table 13-1 IMPLEMENTATION RECOMMENDATIONS Goal Category 1. Land Use a. General Strategy • Integrate the Comprehensive Plan into the on-going development review and approval process with each action/decision. • Conduct a yearly workshop to review the Comprehensive Plan for needed amendments, and conduct a major update of the Comprehensive Plan every five years. • Develop a Comprehensive Plan "Guidelines" checklist to determine the conformity of development proposals with the Comprehensive Plan and to identify remedial actions to bring the proposed development into conformity . • • Selectively rezone existing residential, commercial, and industrial zoned properties not consistent with the Future Land Use Plan. In reviewing the rezoning, consideration should be given to whether or not the property is occupied or vacant, creation of nonconformities, protection of adjacent residential uses and others. b. Residential • See Section 5. Housing below. c. Office • Preserve large vacant sites for office, facilitate the transition of residential uses to office uses in designated office corridors, and create a rezoning mechanism to ensure compatibility with surrounding land use. • Consider a "planned office" zoning district applying it to larger tracts of land; identify and rezone tracts for hi-tech and research uses; and selectively rezone parcels in the Centre Avenue and Milham Avenue corridors for office. • Preserve prime vacant commercial sites. • Apply the "commercial planned district" to larger vacant sites in the Westnedge Avenue and Portage Avenue Commercial Corridors. • Entertain or initiate commercial rezonings in the four Commercial Revitalization areas. • Favor the application for B-1 Local Business District rezoning rather than B-2 District or B-3 District in the Secondary Commercial nodes. • Examine the feasibility of rezoning vacant land and structures in the Secondary Commercial nodes to B-1 if they have more intense business or industrial zoning. • See Section 3. Economy/Market Place below. d. Commercial PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE Pl.AN UPDATE: MASTER Pl.AN REPORT (FINAL) 13- 10 �I- - - - - - - - - - - - .. - .. ... .... ... ~ Table 13-1 (Continued) IMPLEMENTATION RECOMMENDATIONS • Strate2v Preserve prime vacant industrial sites and encourage the revitalization or redevelopment of older industrial sites in the two Industrial Corridors . • Selectively rezone vacant properties in the two Industrial Corridors . • See Section 3. Economy/Market Place below . • Goal Cate2ory e. Industrial . f. Public g. Recreation/Open Space • See Section 7. Community Facilities below . See Section 2. Natural/Cultural Resources below . h. Special Districts/Corridors • Ensure appropriate future land uses in the event that any State Game Preserve area becomes surplus property . • Prepare an updated City Centre Area plan that reviews the interrelationship between land uses and recommends actions to create vibrant mixed use area of public, quasi-public and residential uses with supportive retail. • Continue the development of a program to protect environmentally sensitive areas. • Continue the best management practices associated with site design to protect streams and public drinking water well-heads . • Consider programs for environmentally sensitive areas and areas within the Flood Hazard Area including voluntary dedication of easements with appropriate tax advantages, required dedication of easements when expanded land use rights are requested (e.g., rezonings and subdivisions); acquisitions; and purchase of easements in developed areas. • Consider a program of incentives and intervention actions to preserve historic structures and landmarks in conjunction with the Historic District Commission. • Consider a historic preservation program that encompasses the dedication of easements with tax benefits, a cooling-off period prior to demolition to pursue alternative owners and uses, and an public acquisition component in conjunction with the Historic District Commission. 2. Natural/Cultural Resources a. Natural Environment b. Manmade Environment PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE Pt.AN UPDATE: MASTER Pl.AN REPORT (FINAL) . 13- 11 �,_ - - - - - - - - - - - -- ... .. ... -- -- ~ Table 13-1 (Continued) IMPLEMENTATION RECOMMENDATIONS Goal Catee:orv c. Recreation/Open Space d. Cultural/Entertainment 3. Economy/Marketplace a. Business Climate b. Business Support Stratee:v • Consider a program for acquisition and development of park land for active recreation with grassroots support from the residents of the area. • Consider a program for appropriate indoor recreation activities for community residents . • Continue the programs to enhance existing park, recreation and natural community resources . • Update the Recreation/Open Space Plan consistent with the requirements of the State of Michigan to ensure funding services . • Continue the programs to enhance existing park and recreation facilities . • Consider a comprehensive greenway plan identifying the properties, uses, methods of acquiring interest in properties (ranging from voluntary dedication of easements and right of access to acquisition of all property rights), and a viable financing program. • • Support cultural facilities and programs developed by the Parks Board in the context of the Comprehensive Plan, when aooropriate . Continue the commercial and industrial sites inventory with annual updates to support economic development efforts preserving and attracting businesses, and the preservation of commercial and industrial sites. • Regularly examine the development review process and the business resources package of the City of Portage relative to other jurisdictions and make appropriate adjustments. • Annually review the Capital Improvement Program priorities . • Continue the expansion of sanitary sewers in the Shaver Road and Sprinkle Road Industrial Corridors and Portage Commerce Square. • Coordinate with the Kalamazoo County Road Commission road and sidewalk improvements along Centre Avenue, Sprinkle Road, and Portage Road commercial areas. • Consider development of an infrastructure plan and improvement program for the Shaver Road Industrial Corridor. • Continue to participate in area-wide annual surveys and visitations of major businesses in Portage and provide an inventory of vacant sites and structures for business retention and recruitment. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) . 13- 12 �- - - - - - ·- - - - - ... lllli .... llllli ... .... ... -- Table 13-1 (Conti.n ued) IMPLEMENTATION RECOMMENDATIONS Goal Category c. Revitalization and Redevelopment d. Regional Coordination 4. Housing • Strate2v Consider development of a program for preparing revitalization plans for the four Commercial Revitalization areas cove ring appropriate rezonings, public infrastructure improvements and financi al assistance and incentive programs. • Monitor private sector initiatives and address the timing and nature of public intervention for the redevelopment of residential areas such as the western one-third of the Della/Ruth area proposed for commercial. • Monitor private sector initiatives and encourage a redevelopment feasibility study of the Portage Steel property. • Consider development of a program to prepare corridor-wide rezoning plans for the office corridors along Centre Avenue and Milham Avenue. • Continue active participation in the business retention and recruitment efforts with the area-wide economic development agency. • Consider, with neighboring jurisdictions, economic development programs benefiting the community, when appropriate. • Consider rezoning planned areas to R-1 A or a new cluster housing district to create smaller lot neighborhoods. • Consider a planned mixed use district where the retail/office component is limited to less than 20% of the area. • Selectively rezone areas to the R-1T, RM-I and RM-2 districts to create a dispersed range of densities and housing types . • Protect viable residential areas from the inappropriate intrusion of non-residential uses. • Ensure the residential flavor of Portage through appropriate regulations, development project reviews, dissemination of information and ensuring public input. Continue housing winterization, comprehensive code enforcement, rehabilitation and paintup/fix-up programs. a. Residential Character b. Preservation and Maintenance • c. Development and Revitalization • Continue to implement the findings in the Housing Study/Needs Analysis (1993), including the annual Consolidated Plan . See 3.d. above. • Through the C.I.P. program, continue efficient and quality public services to accommodate housing growth. • Continue to utilize national and state recognized construction codes to ensure appropriate housing construction. • Continue innovative efforts which encourage the creation of housing opportunities through: assist non-profit organizations, tax exemption when appropriate, restoration of City acquired housing, and support of fair housing activities. • PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 13- 13 �(- - - - - - - - - - - - - ... -- ... 1111111 1111111 . ..... Table 13-1 (Continued) IMPLEMENTATION RECOMMENDATIONS Goal Cate2orv 5. Transportation a. Roadways b. Alternative Modes c. Bikeways/Wallcways • Strate2y Annually review the progress on proposed road improvements in the Portage Capital Improvement Program, and KATS Transportation Improvement Program. • Consider and plan for new roadways for development of the Shaver Road and Sprinkle Road Industrial Corridors. • Ensure adequate roadway facilities to accommodate new and expanded development through development project review. • Annually prepare the Major Thoroughfare Plan Status Report. • Continue to evaluate development projects within the Preservation, Conservation and Protection Corridors identified in the Major Thoroughfare Plan. • Undertake an alignment study for a street connection between Romence Road Parkway at Lovers Lane and Portage Road. • Update the socioeconomic data by travel analysis zone to reflect the future land use plan as part of the three-year update of the KATS Travel Model and review the adequacy of roadways and committed roadway improvements in Portage. • Require traffic impact studies for major developments to define the adequacy of roadways and to define necessary improvements and improvement responsibilities. • Continue to implement the access management program minimizing driveway entrances and emphasizing shared driveways and internal connections between adjacent parking areas. • Consider development of site design standards for alternative modes of transportation and incorporate them into the site design review process. • Through the development review program, ensure a site design that facilitates alternative modes of transportation. • See 5.b. above. • Review and modify all regulations to consider the addition of bikeways and sidewalks. PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE Pl.AN UPDATE: MASTER Pl.AN REPORT (FINAL) 13-14 �1- ) - I _, - - l - --- I .... .... ... ... -i illaq ... -. -'!I Table 13-1 (Continued) IMPLEMENTATION .RECOMMENDATIONS GoaJ Category d. Railroads/ Airports • Strategy If abandoned rail right-of-way becomes available, conduct a corridor study to investigate reuse for transportation and recreation purposes. • Continue to participate in cooperative planning efforts with the Kalamazoo/Battle Creek Airport as appropriate . • Annually coordinate utility infrastructure improvements through the C.I.P . • Continue planning activities to protect existing water resources through continued implementation of the storm water master plan and wellhead protection plan. • Continue to guide development to areas of the City served by adequate public water and public sewer. • Consider establishing a mandatory water hook-up program . • Consider a program to require underground electric and telecommunication utilities . • Consider a program to require high-technology utility infrastructure for all developments . • Continue to maintain the existing public infrastructure . d. Parks and Cemeteries • See 7.a. below . e. Health • See 7.a. below . f. Cultural/Entertainment • See 7.a. below . • Prepare an updated City Centre area plan that provides for future governmental facilities . • In the annual C.I.P., continue to identify land needs for government facilities including cemeteries . b. Public Protection (police, fire , EMS) • Locate a site for a future fire station in the vicinity of Westnedge Avenue and Bacon Avenue to serve the southern portion of the City. c. Educational • Continue to regularly coordinate facility needs with appropriate units of government. 6. Utility Infrastructure a. General 7. Community Facilities a. General Government . W :\1600\mastrpt\tablel 3.1 PORTAGE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE: MASTER PLAN REPORT (FINAL) 13-15 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Portage_Master-Plan_1996 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Portage City Planning Commission, City of Portage, Kalamazoo County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1996-08-15 Title A name given to the resource Municipal Comprehensive Plan Update, Master Plan Description An account of the resource The Municipal Comprehensive Plan Update, Master Plan was prepared by the Portage City Planning Commission with assistance from The Corradino Group and was adopted on August 15, 1996. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource The Corradino Group (consultant) Subject The topic of the resource Master plan reports Portage (Mich.) Kalamazoo County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/bfca2aa0acf45efb5ebf83a6325191fb.pdf 18232c7c6f894e4481f8662fe9fefa86 PDF Text Text .... THE CITY OF GAYLORD STRONGLY ENCOURAGES THE USE OF THE SWISS ALPINE MOTIF IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND/OR RENOVATION OF ALL COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS IN THE CITY OF GAYLORD TO MAINTAIN, ENHANCE AND TO PROMOTE "GAYLORD, THE ALPINE VILLAGE" AND TO SYMBOLIZE THE CITY'S RELATIONSHIP WITH ITS SISTER-CITY, PONTRESINA, SWITZERLAND . • PREAMBLE, CITY OF GAYLORD ZONING ORDINANCE OAYL0R'D G ~a,@t MUNICIPAL STANDARDS FOR THE CITY OF GAYLORD OTSEGO COUNTY, MICHIGAN 1992 EDITION PREPARED BY: CAPITAL CONSULTANTS, INC. P.O. BOX 1398 GAYLORD, Ml 49735 TELEPHONE: (517) 732-8131 FAX: (517) 732-•2 714 CITY OF .GAYLORD 225 WEST MAIN STREET, ROOM 109 GAYLORD, Ml 49735 TELEPHONE: (517) 732-2815 FAX: (517) 732-8266 CITY MANAGER; DAVE SIEGEL �TABLE OF CONTENTS MUNICIPAL STAJ\1)ARDS FOR THE CITY OF GAYLORD OTSEGO COUNTY, MIClilGAN GENERAL Introduction Definitions Regulatory Constraints Subdivision Control Act of 1962 Inland Lakes and Streams Act of 1972 Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control Act of 1972 State and Local Building Codes State Construction Permits Subdivision Control Ordinances Administrative Procedures and Fees G-1 G-1 G-2 G-3 STANDARDS OF DESIGN Streets and Roadways Driveways Sanitary Sewers Storm Sewers Water Distribution Systems Site Grading Table of Standard Castings and Valves SD-1 SD-4 SD-22 SD-26 SD-29 SD-32 SD-34 STAl\TJ)ARDS OF CONSTRUCTION - UTILITY COMPANY CONSTRUCTION BIBLIOGRAPHY GAYLORD MS-I 91527.12 UC-1 B-1 TOC-1 �11111 1111 1111 1111 1111 • 11111 Ill 111 Iii 1111 -•Ill Ill 1111 • STANDARD OF CONSTRUCTION - SPECIF1CATIONS SECTION NUMBER PAGES SOILS COMP ACTION M1D TESTING • SPECIAL CONTROLS SITE PREPARATION SHEETING M1D BRACING ROADWAY EARTHWORK EXCAVATION FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS BEDDING AND BACKFILLING FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS BORING, JACKING & TUN1'.TELING FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS AGGREGATE BASE COURSE BITUMINOUS BASE COURSE BITUMINOUS CONCRETE SURFACE COURSE CONCRETE CURB & GUTTER CONCRETE SIDEWALK.S WATER MAINS CONCRETE UTILITY MM1HOLES & CATCH BASINS RAW SEWAGE FORCE MAINS STORM SEWERS SANITARY SEWERS RESTORATION AND CLEANUP TOPSOILING AND SEEDING SODDING CONCRETE MORTAR M1D GROUT 01410 01560 02110 02161 02211 02222 02223 02227 02231 02512 02513 02525 02528 02665 02715 02717 02722 02732 02901 02936 02938 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-2 1-4 1-4 1-6 1-4 1-2 1-2 1-3 1-2 1-2 1-8 1-3 1-7 1-4 1-8 1-2 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-2 03001 03600 STANDARDS OF CONSTRUCTION - STAND ARD DETAILS TRENCH BACKFlLL DETAILS STANDARD SANITARY MANHOLE STANDARD DROP PIPE DETAIL SANITARY SERVICE CONNECTIONS SM1ITARY SERVICE LEAD DETAIL STANDARD STORM MANHOLE STANDARD CATCH BASIN STANDARD MANHOLE - 24" TO 48" PIPE HYDRANT DETAIL WATER SERVICE CONNECTION DETAIL PEDESTRIAN RAMP DETAIL CONCRETE DRIVEWAY OPEN1NG SIDEWALK DETAILS STANDARD STREET AND UTILITY LAYOUT TYPICAL ROADWAY CROSS-SECTION STANDARD CURB & GUTTER DETAIL BORE & JACK DETAILS GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 TOC-2 SC-1 SC-2 SC-3 SC-4 SC-5 SC-6 SC-7 SC-8 SC-9 SC-10 SC-11 SC-12 SC-13 SC-14 SC-15 SC-16 SC-17 �ill 111 Ill Ill 111 Iii Iii Ill Ill INTRODUCTION The design and construction standards for subdivision and land development contained in this publication are intendecl as guidelines to be used by the Developer in the preparation and final plats, development plans, and final construction documents. These standards should be utilized in conjunction with local zoning and subdivision ordinances, the State of Michigan Subdivision Control Act, and other applicable State and local regulations to produce residential and commercial developments which conform to the City's requirements. DEFii'\TfIONS (1) OWNER OR DEVELOPER- A natural person, finn, corporation, association, partnership, or other entity who proposes subdivision or other land development and/or municipal improvements and who either has an ownership interest therein or is authorized to act as an agent with respect thereto for an entity having such ownership interest. (2) MUNICIPALITY - The City of Gaylord. •Ill (3) ENGTh1EER OR CITY ENGINEER - The person, firm, or corporation empowered by the City of Gaylord to provide the required engineering review and inspection services. (4) DESIGN ENGTh1EER - The engineer engaged by the developer to prepare platting documents and plans and specifications for subdivisions or plans and specifications in unplatted land developments. Ill (5) CONTRACTOR - The person, firm, or corporation engaged by the developer for construction services in conjunction with the proposed land development. Ill (6) MUNICIPAL STANDARDS - The minimum standards for design and construction for all work related to subdivisions and land development. (7) MDOT - Michigan Department of Transportation (8) MDNR - Michigan Department of Natural Resources (9) MDPH - Michigan Department of Public Health •Ill Ill Ill Ill Ill GAYLORD MS-1 9152?:12 G-1 �ill • • • • • • •II II II Ii Ii II 11 REGULATORY CONSTRAINTS Subdivision Control Act of 1967 In 1967, the Michigan Legislature enacted Public Act 288, the Subdivision Control Act of 1967, which gives the local units of government in Michigan the authority required to assure that new subdivisions conform to sound subdivision practices, retain their beauty and value and that they remain an asset, not a liability, to the community. A Manual of Instructions of implementing Act 288 is available from the State Department of Treasury, Bureau of Local Government Services. The Manual of Instruction includes step by step regulations for preparation of the preliminary and final plats as well as the rules and regulations of the Departments of Treasury, Transportation, Natural Resources and Public Health. Inland Lakes and Streams Act of 1972 The Inland Lakes and Streams Act (Act 346) was enacted to control construction operations in flood plains. A construction permit may be required and can be obtained from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) . Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control Act of 1972 The Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control Act (Act 347) was enacted to control soil erosion and sedimentation which could enter the State's watercourses through public or private construction operations. Any construction involving an "eanh change" as defined in the Act, must obtain a construction permit from the County enforcing agency. The agent for Act 347 is the Otsego County Building and Zoning Department Developers are directed to contact the Building Department for permit applications and additional information. Also refer to Section 01560 "Special Controls" of the "Standards of Construction - Specifications" section of these standards. State and Local Buildini Codes The City of Gaylord has adopted the State of Michigan code for basic building. The state code will be enforced by Otsego County for mechanical, plumbing and electrical work. State Construction Permits Upon receipt of approved plans and specifications from the Developer, the City will make applications for permits to the Michigan Department of Public Health for the water main construction and to the Michigan Department of Natural Resources for the sanitary sewer construction. All other required permits shall also be secured by the Developer prior to construction. GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 G-2 �• 1111 91 Iii -II II II II II -II II II II II II II Subdivision Regulation Ordinance In addition to these Municipal Standards, the City of Gaylord has a comprehensive subdivision ordinance in effect which outlines the subdivision procedure, design layout standards, improvements, review ' fees, and penalties for violation of the ordinance. Developers are encouraged to review the requirements of the subdivision ordinance at the outset of their planning and design work. ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES A~TJ) FEES General All correspondence, verbal requests, submission of plans, and related information exchanges shall be directed to the City Manager of the City of Gaylord during normal business hours or by mail. Appropriate distribution of information, plans, etc., shall be ma.de by the City. This applies to information received from developers for the Engineer and information from the Engineer for the developer. The intent of this section is to maintain, in the City offices, a copy of all correspondence and related information for City use. The Owner is directed to reference Article VIII "Review Fees" of Section 8108 "Jurisdiction and Procedure" of Ordinance 17.00 "Subdivision Ordinance of the City of Gaylord" of the City of Gaylord Compiled Ordinances for infonnation regarding plat review fees. The Engineer shall provide an estimate of field inspection charges at the time of street and utility plan approval. The estimated amount shall be deposited with the City by the Developer prior to construction. The City shall disburse the funds to the Engineer. GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 G-3 �STA1"1DARDS OF DESIGN - STREETS AND ROADWAYS Scope These standards establish the minimum requirements for the design of streets and roadways in the Municipality. Plans and Specifications Ill II II II II II II • 1. The plans and specifications shall be prepared by a professional engineer registered in the State of Michigan. 2. Plans shall consist of a cover sheet showing a location map and site plan of the proposed project, plan and profile sheets covering all the proposed street and roadway construction, and a standard detail sheet Plan sheet size shall be 24" x 36" or 22" x 34". Plan scale shall be either 1" = 40' or 1" = 20' horizontally and l" = 5' vertically. 3. Elevations shall be based upon U.S.G.S. datum. Elevations based upon assumed datum will not be approved. 4. Plan profiles shall indicate existing and proposed ground levels, U.S.G.S. elevations, and stationing. 5. Four sets of plans and specifications shall be submitted by the Developer to the Municipality for preliminary approval. All plans and specifications submitted for approval shall be sealed by the registered engineer in charge of design. Modifications required to meet the municipal standards, if any, will be noted on two sets, with one such set returned to the Developer for final corrections within 90 days of receipt 6. Six sets of final plans and specifications shall be submitted by the Developer to the Municipality for approval. All plans and specifications submitted for approval shall be sealed by the registered engineer in charge of design. 7. The Developer will be responsible for securing all State and local construction permits required for street and roadway construction. 8. One (1) set of reproducible "as-built" tracings, on mylar or polyester film, shall be submitted to the Municipality upon completion of the construction. GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-1 �Ill II • • • • • • •II -• • • •ii • -II Subsurface Soil Conditions The Developer shall provide sufficient soil borings and other information to accurately describe the prevailing soil conditions under the proposed streets and roadways. The minimum soil boring depth shall be ten feet below the plan road grade, unless unstable soil conditions are encountered. If such conditions are found, the boring depth shall be extended until stable soil is encountered . Curb and Gutter All streets and roadways shall include concrete curb and gutter of the cross-section indicated on the standard detail. Bituminous curb v.ill not be allowed. On local streets the minimum street width shall be 31' back to back of curb. Concrete curb and gutter width on major streets shall conform to the "uniform Criteria for Major Streets" as adopted by the Michigan Department of Transportation and the Municipality's Master Plan. At all intersections, the minimum curb radius shall be 25', unless otherwise approved. Sidewalk Concrete sidewalks (where required) shall be five feet wide and shall be located one foot inside right-of-way line. At all intersections of sidewalks and curb and gutter, appropriate pedestrian ramps shall be constructed. Unless otherwise approved, the ramps shall be Type 1 as designated by MDOT. The maximum allowable sidewalk grade shall be seven percent and the minimum allowable grade shall be 0.50 percent Sidewalk shall have a cross slope of 1/4 inch per foot away from the property line. Sidewalks shall project one inch above finished grade. In cut sections, the maximum sidewalk elevation shall be one foot above the street centerline elevation. In fill sections, the sidewalk elevation shall be no lower than 0.5 feet below the street centerline elevation. Sidewalks shall be 4 inches thick except across residential driveways, which shall be 6 inches thick, and across commercial driveways, which shall be 10 inches thick. Grade, Horizontal and Vertical Ali enment The minimum vertical grade on any street or roadway shall be 0.50 feet per 100 feet and the maximum grade on any street or roadway shall be 5 feet per 100 feet of length. In general, the minimum length of a vertical curve shall be 100 feet, unless otherwise dictated by site topography. In general, all intersections of streets or roadways shall be ma.de perpendicular to each other. However. intersections ranging from 75° to 90° from perpendicular may be approved. Additional information concerning street geometrics right-of-way v.idths, block length requirements and other relevant requirements are available from the Municipality . Driveway Approaches All driveway approaches between the curb and gutter and sidewalk shall be paved with either concrete or bituminous leveling or wearing course. Bituminous pavement shall consist of a minimum of 330 pounds per square yard (3 inches) of MDOT No. 1100. Concrete driveway approaches for residential sections shall be 6 inches thick and 10 inches for commercial GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-2 �• • - approaches. The maximum grade on driveway approaches shall be 14 percent The width of the driveway shall conform to the standard detail . Rie:ht-of-way Width • Right-of-way width shall be a minimum of 66 feet for all public streets. Utility Location \Vithin the Street Rie:ht-of-way The utilities listed below shall be constructed in the designated location within all street right-ofways as follows: Sanitary Sewers on the centerline of the street Storm Sewers south or each side, 8 feet from the centerline of the right-ofway. \Vater Main north or west side, 23 feet from the centerline of the right-ofway. Gas Main south or east side, 23 feet from the centerline of the right-ofway. 0th er Utilities as approved by the City Manager. Street Surface Materials and Pavement Thickness The following pavement design are minimum requirements for local streets with restricted wheel loads. Pavement design for major streets shall reflect the increased traffic volume and higher axle loads and shall be subject to approval by the Municipality. The base for local streets shall consist of either 8 inches of compacted MDOT 22A gravel or 4 inches of MDOT No. 5 bituminous base constructed on an approved subbase. If the bituminous base is selected a bond coat shall be applied to the bituminous base prior to the construction of a minimum of 2 inches of MDOT No. 1100 L & T, 20AA. If the gravel base is selected the pavement thickness shall be 3 inches of MDOT No. 1100 L & T, 20AA. GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-3 �-II • • • •II • •.. STANDARD OF DESIGN - DRIVE\VAYS These standards establish the minimum requirements for the design of driveways m the Municipality. Driveway Pennits Application for driveway pennit shall be required for all driveway construction and shall be filed with the City of Gaylord. The driveway application shall be filed on a form provided by the City. The driveway application shall contain information as required by the Michigan Department of Transportation Driveway Pennit Rules R.247.221 through R.247.224 unless otherwise waived by the City. Desirn Standards All driveways shall meet the Michigan Department of Transportation (MD01) Standards for Driveway Construction contained in Rules R 247.231 through R 247.267. All references to the "Department" shall be changed to the "City of Gaylord" . II II II II •II GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-4 �• • • • • • "• • • • • •II PART 2. R 247.221. DRIVEWAY PERMITS Applications • Rule 21. (1) An application for a driveway permit shall be accepted fro:n a property owner, goverrunental agency, lessee, or its legally authorized agent. (i) An application for a driveway permit shall be submitted in the ~anner prescribed on forms supplied by the department. The application shall contain or be accompanied ' by a certification of either legal o~~ership or agency authorization. The application shall be accompanied by plans or drawings containing the information required by rule 22 and shall include the applicable design features required by part 3 • R 247.222. Plans or drawings. Rule 22. Copies of a driveway permit application shall be accompanied by plans or drawings clearly indicating the following features of the site and abutting highway as the department may require: (a) Existing highvay pavement, ditches, right-of-way and property lines, highway appurtenances, utilities, medians, if existing, and dimensions thereof. (b) For cOm.tilercial driveways, buildings, both proposed and existing, and appurtenances and dimensions thereof, including a notation as to present use of the buildings and details of internal traffic circulation, parking and traffic signs. (c) Design features in accordance with part 3 of drive·ways,. tapers and right-turn lanes to be cons true ted, reconstructed, relocated, surfaced, resurfaced, operated, used or maintained including the following dimensions and features: (i) Widths of driveways. (ii) Radii of driveway returns and other points of curvature. (iii) Driveway grades or profile view of drive, when necessary. (iv) Angle of the driveway relative to the highway centerline • (v) Dimensions of traffic "islands adjacent to the highway. (vi) Driveway surface material and traffic island surface material • (d) Distance from each existing and proposed driveway on the site to: (i) Nearest intersecting street, road or highway. (ii) Nearest driveway on adjacent properties • (iii) Street, road, highway or driveways opposite the site • I 4 GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 . SD-5 �• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •II II (iv) Property lines and pr o pe rty l i~e s extended to the highway centerline. (v) Buildings and business appurte~ances on the site. (e) Features in addition to drive~ays to be constructed within the highway right-of-way including traffic control islands, curb, sidewalks and authorized traffic signs. (f) Existing and proposed drainage structures and controls to include: (i) Size of drive culvert • (ii) Type of culvert. (iii) Type of culve~t end treatment. (iv) Grade of culvert • (v) Direction of surface water flow on or from adjacent property. (g) North directional arrow • R 247.223. Specifications and design standards. Rule 23. The design, location, construction and operation of driveways and related construction within the highway right-of-way shall meet requirements of the current department Standard Specifications for Highway Construction and the design standards required by part 3 of these rules. A deviation therefrom shall be consistent with current and projected traffic volumes on the highway a·nd on the driveway, adjacent development, equivalence of materials and methods, and safety requirements of persons using the driveways and highway. The deviation shall be authorized only by the department. R 247,224. Conditions and limitations in permits • Rule 24. A driveway permit is subject to the following conditions and limitations: (a) The department reserves the right of inspectio~ by its authorized representatives of a driveway constructed within a highway right-of-way. The permittee shall reimburse the department for the services of an on-the-job inspection which may be required for I:1ajor commercial developments or other special cases. (b) The department or its representative may require that it be given at least 5 days notice before commencement of an operation covered by the permit. (c) The permittee shall have a copy of the permit available at the site during construction. (d) The permittee shall take, provide and maintain necessary precautions to prevent injury or damage to persons and property from operations covered by the permit and shall use warning signs and safety devices which are in accordance with the current Michigan Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices • 5 GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-6 �• • • • (e) . The per:::i ttee shall surrender the permit and all rights thereun~er when notified to do so by the department because of its need for the area covered by the permit or because of default of any provision of the permit. The department may grant the person a new permit. (f) Altered natural drainage shall not be permitted to flow onto the highway right-of-way unless special provisions are approved by the department. (g) The perwit holder shall remove all surplus materials , to an area outside of the highway right-of-way unless the permit provides for disposal at locations within the highway right-of-way. Excavated material shall be stockpiled so it does not adversely affect the safety of traffic. (h) Work authorized by the permit shall be completed to the satisfaction of the department on or before the completion date· specified in the· permit. A request for an extension of time for cornpletion•of this work shall include reasons for the request. Approval of extension of time shall be based on extenuating circumstances and absence of neglect by the permittee. (i) The property owner or his agent shall maintain the driveways set forth in the permit. R 247.226. Indemnity and Insurance. Rule 26. A permittee shall save harmless the department against any claim for damages arising from his negligence or his contractor's negligence in operations covered by the permit. Certificates of insurance may be required in case of a commercial driveway to insure claims for damage or personal injury. General liability . insurance carried by an applicant or contractor is acceptable. R 247.227. Performance bonds. Rule 27. (1) A performance bond shall be required by a permit which is issued for construction or reconstruction of a commercial driveway to protect the department against the cost of completing construction or correcting deficiencies. A reaso:1able a::;cunt c-f coverage cf the bond shall be determined by the department. A bond shall not b.e required from a governmental agency. (2) Acceptable types of bonds may be a certified check or money order payable to the department or a surety bond executed on forms obtainable from the department~ 6 GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-7 �ill ill ill • • "• "I II II II • • • PART 3. R 247.231. DRIVEWAY DESIGN STASDARDS Driveway locations. Rule 31. (1) A driveway shalt be so located that no undue interference with the free movecent of highway traffic will result. A driveway shall be so located also to provide the nost favorable vision and grade conditions possible for motorists using the highway and the driveway consistent with development of the site considering proper traffic operations and safety. ' (2) A driveway, including the radii but not including the right-turn lanes and tapers, shall be located entirely within the area between the permittee's property lines extended to the centerline of the highway. A driveway radius may extend outside of that area only if the adjacent property owner certifies in writing that he will permit such extension. (3) If the driveway is to be located adjacent to a highway intersection, the following shall apply: (a) If the intersecting highway is curbed, the point of curvature of the driveway radius shall be at least 20 feet from the point of curvature of the in~ersecting highway radius. (b) If the intersecting highway is uncurbed, the point of curvature of the driveway radius shall be at least 50 feet from the edge of pavement of the intersecting highway. (c) ~~en an existing highway or driveway is reconstructed or the requireme1its in paragraphs (a) or (b) cannot be applied, the driveway radius shall not encroach upon the intersection radius unless such encroachment is physically unavoidable. (4) A driveway shall not be constructed along the acceleration or deceleration lanes and tapers connecting to interchange ramp terminals, unless no other reasonable' access point is available. R 247.232. Clear vision and buffer areas. Rule 32. (1) At an intersection or railroad crossing where the department owns li~ited access right-of-way to provide a clear vision area, a driveway shall not enter or cross that clear vision area. At an intersection or railroad crossing where the department has an easement for a clear vision area, a driveway shall not enter or cross that clear vision area if another reasonable access point is available. 7 GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-8 �(2) Adjacent to and on bot~ si~es of a drive~ay, a b ffer area between ~he r!ght-cf-way line and the pavecent edge shall be used, as deterr:~~ed by the departnent, to provide a physical barrier bet~een highway traffic and activity on private property. A buffer area is needed to provide an unobscured vision area and to prevent potentially hazardous movement of vehicles, especially at undesirable angles of approach, from and to the highway. The b'.lffer area shall consist of a lawn area, a low shrub area, a ditch or equivalent.• Where encroacl:r.,ent of vehicle parking on the buffer area takes place or may take place, the department may require the buffer area to be established by guardrail, guard posts, curb or equivalent. R 247.233. Design Features. Rule 33. The design features described in this rule and illustrated in figure ], . shall be used by the applicant in dimensioning a proposed drive~ay or driveway system on plans accompanying the driveway pe:-r:i t application. The dir:ens ions to be used for various dri ve,.-ay design features, sho,.-n as a standar wi t:i a -.:;orking range of di:censions, are given in tables to 7, rules 37 to ~9. 'rnese sta dard dicensions shall :,e used •nless co:iditio:is ,;.·arrar.t a c.evia~ion, The depart:e~~ =ay s_ecify pari::c :ar c:.::.e::siocs so a ~a.::-tic lar cri ·e-.ay s;s:e= -;,il accc::.::.o · a~e ve icle .::.OYe=en·s i:::o::-=ally ex?ecte ~i-~o · t creating ·~·~e co~gestion or r.azar o ~ the ::igb•~ay or to pro·.•:~e reaso,.a· _e access. .e let•en; i.:1 the :ollo-·ii:g design feat res re:er o :ea~ res i::i figu.::-e l: (a) Intersecting a:.g_e, A, ,:. e c_oc-;...-,:,ise angle f.::-o::i. a l:Jigllway centerl'ne to a drive;.ay reference line ...-~ich :s the centerl ne or the edge of the drive~ay. (b) Driveway width, B, the distance between drive~ay edges of pave □ ent or edges of the gravel surfa~e weasured at the point where the edges of the driveway beco:ce parallel, point b in figure 1. If the right-of-way line is so close to the pavement that point b falls on the applicant's property, then the widt!J of the crive ..·ay at the right-of-way line shall be based on the projected driveway width. (c) Entering radius, C, the radius of a driveway ecge curve on the right side of a vehicle entering the applicant's property. (d) Exiting radius, D, t e radius of a driveway edge curve on the right side of a vehicle leaving the applicant's property. (e) Curb ending, E, the length of the height transition of the driveway curb from gro nd level to full curb height along a:-1 u curbed h igh"'ay. Th is curb transition may be 10 feet raini.J:lu::i. (f) Right-turn lane length, F, the length of an auxiliary lane constr•cted receding the drive~ay to accorr~odate rightturn traffic entering the i:.pplicant 's proper_~Y·,· 8 GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-9 �ill ill IJI • •II • • • - (g) Right-turn lane width, G, the width edge-to-edge of a right-turn lane, or the width edge-to-edge at the full width of entering and exiting tapers. (h) Entering taper, H, the length of a pavement widening, preceding the driveway for a right-turn lane - or taper. (j) Exiting taper, J, the length of a pavement narrowing, following the driveway. (k) Entrance drive width, K, the wijth of the portion of a divided or a directional driveway that is used by a vehicle entering the a_pplicant 's property. (1) Exit drive width, L, the width of the portion of a divided or a directional driveway that is used by a vehicle leaving the applicant's property. (m) Island width, M, the edge-to-edge distance between an entrance drive and an exit drive. (n) Island length, N, the distance between ends of the island, measured parallel to the entrance drive. (p) Nose offset, P, the distance between the edge of pavement and the traffic island of a divided or directional driveway. (r) Curb cut, R, the length of the opening along a highway curb for a straight-sided residential driveway. (s) Distance between driveways, S, the inside distance between 2 adjacent driveways measured along a highway rightof-way line. · R 247.234. Commercial driveways, permits. Rule 34. A permit application for a commercial driveway shall specify the driveway system requested, including the number and type: two-way, one-way, divided, dual service or directional. The department may approve the requested system or may require changes in it to insure safe conditions and necessary spacing between driveways, based on anticipated traffic volumes on the driveways and on the highway, type of traffic to use the driveways, type of roadside development and other operational considerations. R 247,235. Commercial driveways, consolidation. Rule 35. Adjacent property owners may consolidate their commercial driveways by using either a frontage road or a joint driveway system. If the department approves such a system, a driveway permit shall be issued to all property owners concerned and shall state that there is an agreement that all properties shall have access to the highway via the frontage road and the joint driveway system, 9 GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-10 �Design Features Figure l I t\ t i ,. E E I ~ H l ~-::- ,: ~ ----c..-- Single Twc-wcy Comm,rc;af Driveway Uncurbed Hi~hwcy e Exit Drive Entrcnce Drive l F ------t.--Divided Cammercicl Driveway ~9!l.!.:...£.!.·~--•-y I \ le It Driveway ~ - - -- ---- Right . Driveway - ~'};~_!---------~------~-Duel Service Drivewcys Curbed Highwcy l--Ll f-'Y ~\~ ~~~~~~~~~~~;~ Ruidenticl Driveway Curb-return Typ• Curbed Hig_hwcy Residential Drivewcy Curb-cul Type Curbed Kighwcy SICETCHES J..RE NOT DRAWN TO SCALE 10 II "II ( E Single Two-wcy Ccrr.rr, ercicl Drivewcy Curbed Hi hwc • -II "II •II t l t.- l I 9 I e GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-11 Ruidenlicl Driveway Paved or Greve! Surlace Uncurbed' Highway �• -Iii •II 1111 Ill " "• II II R ·247.236. Commercial driveways, alteration of dimensions . Rule 36. If the highway carries one-way traffic, the dimensions given in rules 41 and 42 may be altered so that the prohibited movements are discouraged. If the driveway system is on the left-hand side of a o~e-way highway, the dimensions·used shall be based on the same principles as used on right-hand side driveways. R 247.237. Corunercial driveways, right-turn lanes. Rule 37. The applicant shall provide right-turn lanes or tapers as part of a commercial driveway system if the department determines that such ·right-turn lanes or tapers are required to minimize congestion or hazard on the highway caused by vehicles ent~ring the applicant's driveways. A right-turn lane shall be preceded by a taper. The design feature di~ensions of a right-turn lane and taper shall conform to those given in table 1. TABLE1 COMMERCIAL RIGHT•TURN LANE AND TAPERS Curbed Highway Design Features Stondord Curb Ending Enfcrini F G H Toper Exitin~ J Toper Stondord Ronge 10 ft no range os determined by the Geporfmenl 12 ft 150 ft • 10 to 15 ft 12 ft 10 to 15 fr 50 to 150 ft 150 ft 50 to 150 ft so 50 to 150 ft not opplicoble ft • If a right•tvrn lone is used, the Entering Toper stondcrd shell be 50 ft. Without a right-turn lone, the Entering Teper stcndcrd shell be 150 ft. The standard shell b~ used un/eu engineering iudgmenf determines that another <Hmension within the range is more suitcofe for c porliculor site or specie/ con• dition ond is approved by the deportment. R 247 .241. Two-way commercial drive~·ays. Rule 41. The design feature dimensions of a two-way coI!llllercial driveway shall conform to those given in table· 2. II II • -~ not opplicoble E Ri~t-tvm Lone Len Qin R i ght-tvrn Lon• Width Range Uncurbcd Highway 11 GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-12 �•ill (2) Adjace~t to and on both sides of a driveway, a buffer area between the right-of-way line and the pavement edge shall be used, as determined by the department, to provide a physical barrier between highway traffic and activity on private property. A buffer area is needed to provide an unobscured vision area and to prevent potentially hazardous movement of vehicles, especially at undesirable angles of approach, from and to the highway. The b'1ffer area shall consist of a lawn area, a low shrub area, a ditch or equivalent. Where encroachment of vehicle parking on the buffer area t~kes place or may take place, the department may require the buffer area to be established by guardrail, guard posts, curb or equivalent. ill II • • -II .. • • • • • R 247.233. Design Features. Rule 33. The design features described in this rule and illustrated in figure l shall be used by the applicant in dimepsioning a proposed driveway or driveway system on plans accompanying the driveway permit application. The diraens ions to be used for various driveway design features, shown as a standard with a working range of dimensions, are given in tables l to 7, rules 37 to 49. These standard dimensions shall be used unless conditions warrant a deviation. The department may specify particular dimensions so a particular driveway system will accommodate vehicle movements normally expected without creating undue congestion or hazard on the highway or to provide reasonable access. The letters in the following design features refer to features in figure 1: (a) Intersecting angle, A, the clockwise angle from a highway centerline to a driveway reference line which is the centerline or the edge of the driveway. (b) Driveway width, B, the distance between driveway edges of pavement or edges of the gravel surface measured at the point where the edges of the driveway become parallel, point· b in figure 1. If the right-of-way line is so close to the pavement that point b falls on the applicant's property, then the width of the driveway at the right-of-way line shall be based on the projected driveway width. (c) Entering radius, C, the radius of a driveway edge curve on the right side of a vehicle entering the applicant's property. (d) Exiting radius, D, the radius of a driveway edge curv.e on the right side of a vehicle leaving the applicant's property • (e) Curb ending, E, the length of the height transition of the driveway curb from ground level to full curb height along an uncurbed highway. This curb transition may be 10 feet min imwn • (f) Right-turn lane length, F, the length of an auxiliary lane constructed preceding the driveway to accommodate rightturn traffic •entering the applicant's property • 8 GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-13 �TABLE 2 TWO·WAY COMMERCIAL DRIVEWAY II "'• • • " " "II • • "II 1ntctsecting An~lc O, i vc-oy WiC,h Entcrin~ R0Cius Ex i t i ng Rod i us Uncurbed Highwoy Curbed Highwoy Design Fecfures Stondorcl Rohge' Stondord Ronge 90° 60 to 120° 90° 60 lo 120° B 30 ft 12 lo 50 ft 30 ft 15 to 50 ft C 2!) ft 5 to 50 ft 30 It 5 to 50 ft D l S ft 5 to 50 ft 20 ft 51050ft A The stondord shcll be used unless engineering judgment determines thot cncther dimension within the ronge is more suitable for a por1icufor site or specie/ con• dition end is opproved by the deporlment. 247.242. R One-way commercial driveways. Rule 42. Tue des·ign feature dimensions of a one-way commercial driveway shall conform to those given in table 3. TABLE 3 ONE·WAY COMMERCIAL DRIVEWAY Curbed Highway Design F eotures Stcndord Ronge Stondord Ronge s not opplicoble 40 to 500 ft no, cpplicoble 40 to 500 ft An~le A 90° 60 to 120° 90° 60 lo 120° Driveway Wic!lh B 16 ft 16 to30 ft 16 ft 161030ft c, o, 20 ft 15to50ft 2!) ft 15 to 50 ft 10 ft 5 to 15 ft s ft 5tol5ft Co. 10 ft 5to15ft 5 ft 51015ft Do Z) 15to50ft 20 ft 15 to 50 ft Di,tcnce- Between Driveways l ln1crsecting ! >-. 0 ~ ~ C, C: >-0 ~' :, ~o 0 Ent,ring Rodi us Exiling Rodi us 0 Uncurbed Highwoy Entering Rodi us Exi1ing Rodi us ft The stondord sha/l be used unless engineering judgment determines that onother dimension within the range is more suitable for a parliculor site or special con• dition and is approved by the deporlment • 12 GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-14, �• • • • -.. ".. -II II II II II II II II R 247.243. Divided cor.unercial drive,;.·ays. Rule 43. A divided commercial driveway shall have a curbed island separating the entrance drive and the exit drive. The radii forming the edges on this island_shall be designed to accommodate the largest vehicle that will normally use the driveway. The min iir.u.-:i area of the is land shall be 50 square feet. Toe design feature dimensions of a divided commercial driveway shal~ conform to those given in table 4 • TABLE 4 DIVIDED COMMERCIAL DRIVEWAY Un curbed H ighwoy Curbed Highway Design F eolures Intersecting kngle Orivewcy Width Entering Rodi us Exiling Rodi us Entrance Drive Width Sionclord Ronge StOfldord Ronge A. 90° 75 lo 105° 90° 75 to 105° B 48 ft 42 to 90 ft 48 ft 42 lo 90 ft C 25 ft 5 to 50 ft 25 ft 5 to 50 ft D 25 ft 5 to 50 ft 20 ft 5 lo 50 ft K 16 ft l6to30ft 16 ft 16 to 30 r, Exit Drive Width L 22 ft 16 to30 ft 22 ft 16to30ft I I lond Width M 10 ft 10to30ft 10 f1 10 lo 30 ft Nose Offset p 8 ft ft Utt 12 lo 17 ft is lend Leng1h N 35 ft 35 ft 20 lo 1.50 ft 2 to 10 20 to 150 ft The stondord shall be vad vnfess engineering ·jvdgment de.termines that another dimension within the range is more svitobfe for a porlicvfor site o< specie/ condition ond is approved by the deportment. R 247.244. Dual service driveways. Rule 44. To facilitate vehicle movements between a highway and private property when the major vehicle movement at a commercial establishment is approximately parallel to the highway, such as at a service station or drive-in bank, the department may permit dual service driveways. The design feature dimensions of dual service driveways shall conform to those given in tables. 13 GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-15 �ill ill TABLES DUAL SERVICE DRIVEWAYS • "_ _; "- l n1c,sec ti n9 ,._ - 0 Angle t En,c ,i ng er .; Rccfh.,s ~ "'C> 0 Exit i n9 Re di v s ,._ .:: ~ C> C> _J -~ 0 ln t crse-ct i ng S10nd0rd Ronge 90° 60° 45 lo 90° AR 60° CR 15 ft 5 lo 50 ft 20 ft 5 to 50 ft DR 10 ft 5 lo 25 ft 5 ft 5 to 25 ft 45 lo Ang l e AL 120° 90 to 135• 120° 90 lo 135• CL 10 ft 5 lo 25 ft 5 ft 5 lo 25 ft Ex i t i ng · Rod i u s DL . 15 ft Wi C, h O i s tonce Between O ri vcwcys 5 lo 50 ft Z) ft 5 lo 50 ft 8 30 ft 12 t o50ft 30 ft 151050ft s 20 ft 10 lo 150 ft 20 ft 10 lo 150 ft The slondord shol/ be used unless en9ineerin9 judgment determinu thot another dimension within the ron9e is more suitob/e for a porliculor site Ol' specie/ con• dition ond is approved by the deportment. R 247.245. Directional commercial driveways. Rule 45. A directional commercial driveway is a special case and the driveway shall be designed individually to facilitate the desired turning movements and to discourage prohibited movements. Radii shall be as ·approved by the department, based on the driveway intersecting angle and on the turning path of the largest vehicle that will normally use the driveway. R 247.247. Residential driveways, number and separation. Rule 47. The number of residential driveways permitted shall be determined as follows: (a) One residential driveway shall° be permitted for each platted lot or for unplatted residential property with less than 100 feet of frontage • (b) One additional residential driveway may be permitted for residential property for each 70 feet of frontage in excess of the first 100 feet of frontage. (c) Two residential driveways may be permitted on the same property, in lieu of the requirements . of paragraph (b), to . serve a circle driveway if the frontage of the property is 80 feet or more. 14 II II II Slondcrd Ronge En t er i ng Rod i v s Or i vcwcy = II • •II II Uncurbed Highway Curbe<l Highway De sig n Feolures GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-16 �"II "II II ~ (d) Residential driveways. on the sc..:::e property shall be at least 45 feet apart, center-to-center. R 247,248, Residential driveway dimensions. Rule 48. The design feature dimensions of a residential driveway shall conform to those given i~ table 6. TABLE G RESIDENTIAL DRIVEWAY Range Stondcrd Ronge Stondord A 90° 70 to 110° 90° 70 to 110° Orh•ewcy Width B 10 ft 8 to 24 ft 12 ft 8 to 24 ft Entering Rcdius C 15 ft 5 to 15 ft 15 ft 5 to 20 ft Exiting Rcc!ius D 6 ft 5tol5ft 10 ft 5 to 20 ft Curb Cut R 26 ft ,fnters•cting Angle I Un<:urbed Highwoy Curbed Highwoy Design Feotures 20 lo not applicoble 40 ft The standard shall be used unfess engineering jud9menf determines that another dimension within the range is more suitabfe for a porlicufar site or specie( condition orid is approved by the deportment: R 247.249. Field entrances and utility structure driveways. Rule 49. (1) One field entrance may be permitted for each 1000 feet of frontage of cultivated land, timber land or undeveloped land. Additional driveways may be permitted when a single driveway will not provide adequate access due to topographic conditions. (2) The design feature di~ensions of a field entrance and of a utility structure driveway shall conform to those given in table 7. is GAYLORD MS-1 ,. 91527.12· .SD-17 �• • • • -II TABLE 7 . FIELD ENTRANCE AND UTILITY STRUCTURE DRIVEWAY l t"ltersec 1i n9 0 An~ 1e • O rive• c y W;e ,h En 1e rin 9 Uncu rbed Highwoy Stondcrd Range Stcndcrd Ro ng e A 90° 7010110° 90° 70 to 110° B 20 ft 15 to LO ft 20 ft 15 to LO ft C not o ppli co b le 20 ft 5 l o 40 ft D not oppl icoble Z) Rod i u s ft 5 t o LO ft C ur b Cu r R Ro <! i v s E xitin g 26 ft 20 to 50 ft not oppl ico b le T f. e s tandc rd shell be used ur:less engineering judg ment determines thot an other dirr:er:s ion ..., ;th in th e ronge is mere su i table for o por1 icufar si te or spec ie/ co~d i tio n a nd is a p p ro ved by t he department. R 247.251. Surfacing and curbing along curbed highways. Rule .51. If a highway is curbed, the following driveway surfacing and curbing requirements apply: (a) A comoercial driveway shall be paved and curbed to either the right-of-way line or to the point of curvature between the driveway edge and the larger radius, point bin figure 1, as determined by the department. (b) A residential driveway shall be paved between the edge of the pavement and the existing or proposed sidewalk. If there is no existing or proposed sidewalk, the surfacing shall extend at least 10 feet from the edge of the pavement. For a residential driveway, either curb cuts or curb returns shall be required as determined by the department, based on the current department standards for curb and gutter. Ill " ='. -· II · R 247.252. Surfacing and curbing along uncurbed highways. Rule 52. If a highway· is uncurbed, the following driveway surfacing and curbing requirements apply: (a) A co~~ercial driveway shall be paved and curbed to either the right-of-way line or to the point of curvature between the driveway edge and the larger radius, point bin figure 1, except a commercial driveway may be uncurbed where there is a proper ditch and other adequate roadside control or delineation, as determined by the department. The curb ·ending adjacent to the highway shall be located at least 13.5 feet from and parallel to the edge of the pavement. (b) A low volume commercial driveway along a low volume highway shall be paved, but the paving may be delayed as mutually agreed upon by the applicant and the department. II II •-- Curbed Highwoy Des ign F e-c tur es 16 GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-18 �• • • • • •II " " " " "II (c) A residential driveway may be ~aved or surfaced with stabilized gravel and may be curbed or uncurbed. R 247.253. Surfacing and curbing of field entrances and utility structure driveways • Rule 53. A field entrance or a utility structure driveway may be surfaced with stabilized gravel or with sod over a stable base and may be uncurbed, as determined by the department. R 247.254. Surface materials and thickness • Rule 54. The surface of a paved driveway, excluding right-turn lanes, shall be concrete, bituminous or equivalent surfacing material. The thickness of the surface and the base to be used shall be sufficient to provide the bearing capacity needed to carry the proposed traffic loads. A 2 1/2 inch, 250 pounds per square yard, bituminous mix on 8 inches of compacted gravel, 8 inches of unreinforced concrete or equivalent surfacing material which ceets current department Standard Specifications for High~ay Construction is acceptable for normal driveway traffic loads over stable soil. R 247.255.· Right-turn lanes and tapers. Rule 55. (1) The pavement of a right-turn lane and accompanying taper~ shall ma~ch the highway pavement, unless the department permits the use of an equivalent pavement. (2) The cross slope of a right-turn lane and tapers shall be: (a) A continuation of the cross slope of the highway if the highway is curbed. (b) Equal to the shoulder slope if the highway is uncurbed. R 247.256. Shoulders. Rule 56. (1) The surface of the shoulder adjacent to a right-turn lane and tapers shall be of the same material as the highway shoulder and conform to the current department Standard Specifications for Highway Construction. (2) If the distance between 2 paved commercial driveways serving the same property is less than 100 feet, measured between adjacent ends of the curb endings, the applicant shall pave the shoulder between the driveways. R 247.259. Driveway curb details. Rule 59. (1) The driveway curb shall either match the existing highway curb or shall conform to the current department standards for curb and gutter. II II II -II 17 GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-19 �-"• • • • " (2) The driveway curb height shall be constant if there is no existing or proposed sidewalk or if an inclined sidewalk is permitted by the department. (3) The dr i ve.:ay curb height rnay be tapered to zero height at the si~ewalk if the driveway grade meets the grade of an existing or proposed sidewalk • R 247.261. i II !I ! .i Drainage. Rule 61. (1) A driveway shall be constructed so that it ~oes not adversely affect the highway drainage. The drainage and the stability of the highway subgrade shall not be altered by driveway construction or roadside development. (2) Drainage fro~ adjacent parking or storage areas on private property in excess of existing drainage shall not be discharged into the highway drainage system. (3) Culvert pipe shall be of a size adequate to carry the anticipated natural flow of the ditch. The culvert shall be no smaller than the nearest upstream culvert nor less than 12 inches inside diameter. A culvert, catch basin, drainage channel and other drainage structure required within the highway right-of-way shall be manufactured or constructed and installed in accordance with the current department Standard Specifications for Highway Construction. The minimum length of the culvert may be determined as the sum of the distance between driveway edges, measured along the ditch line, plus the distances needed to accommodate an embankment slope not to exceed 1 foot vertical for 6 feet horizontal on both sides of the driveway. R 247.263. Profile. Rule 63. A driveway profile shall be determined using the following criteria: (a) If the highway is uncurbed, the grade of the driveway between the highway edge of pavement and the edge _of the shoulder shall conform to the slope of the shoulder. (b) If the highway is uncurbed or if the sidewalk is more than 10 f~et from the edge of the pavement or if there is no sidewalk: • (1) The grade of a two-way, one-way or divided commercial driveway shall not exceed 1.5% for a minimum distance of 25 feet from the edge of the pavement. Beyond this distance, the grade shall not exceed 8% . (ii) The grade of a residential or utility structure driveway or field entrance shall not exceed 10%, (c) If the highway is curbed and if the sidewalk is 10 feet or less from the edge of pavement, the grade of a driveway, except a directional driveway, shall be the grade required to meet the sidewalk elevation; but if that grade would exceed the maximums specified in paragraph (b), the sidewalk shall be either tilted or inclined. =r "'" II II " "Ill - 18 GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-20 �(d) The grade of a directional dri\'eway shall be designed so to provide vision of the highway edge of pavement and the driveway surface for a distance of 100 feet along the driveway. For a driveway on an upgrade towards the highway, a grade of 1.5% for a distance of 100 feet from the e~ge of the pavement is acceptable. Beyon~ this distance, the grade shall not exceed 4% and the difference in grades where there is a change of grade shall not exceed 3%. (e) Vertical curves, with a minimur.i length of 15 feet, shall be provided at a change cf grade of 4% or more. (f) If the sidewal~ elevation has to be adj~sted to meet the driveway, the department may require that the sidewalk be inclined at a rate not to exceed 1 foot vertical for every 24 feet horizontal. R 247.265. Parking and storage. Rule 65. Adequate storage for vehicles parking or waiting to be serviced shall be provided so as not to interfere with pedestrian movements, vision requirements or traffic operations on the highway. R 247. 267. Traffic signs and markings.- Rule 67. A permittee shall provide and properly maintain traffic signs and pavement markings which the department determines necessary, subject to local ordinances, for proper operation of the driveway. Only those traffic signs and pavement markings approved by the department may be used within the highway right-of-way. Signs and pavement markings shall conform to the current Michigan Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices. · 19 GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-21 �• • • • ~ " STANDARDS OF DESIGN - SANITARY SEWERS These standards establish the minimum requirements for the design of sanitary sewers in the Municipality. Plans and Specifications 1. The plans and specifications shall be prepared by a professional engineer registered in the State of Michigan. 2. Plans shall consist of a cover sheet showing a location map and site plan of the proposed project, plan and profile sheets covering all the proposed street and roadway construction, and a standard detail sheet Plan sheet size shall be 24" x 36" or 22" x 34". Plan scale shall be either 1" = 40' or 1" = 20' horizontally and 1" = 5' vertically. 3. Elevations shall be based upon U.S.G.S. datum. Elevations based upon assumed datum will not be approved. 4. Plan profiles shall indicate existing and proposed ground levels, U.S.G.S. elevations, and stationing. 5. Four sets of plans and specifications shall be submitted by the Developer to the Municipality for preliminary approval. All plans and specifications submitted for approval shall be sealed by the registered engineer in charge of design. Modifications required to meet the municipal standards, if any, will be noted on two sets, with one such set returned to the Developer for final corrections within 90 days of receipt. 6. Six sets of final plans and specifications shall be submitted by the Developer to the Municipality for approval. All plans and specifications submitted for approval shall be sealed by the registered engineer in charge of design. 7. The Developer will complete the Act 98 Sanitary Sewer Construction Permit from the DNR. The City will sign the pennit and submit it to the DNR after City review and approval. The Developer will be responsible for securing all other pennits required for the sanitary sewer construction. 8. One (1) set of reproducible "as-built" tracings, on mylar or polyester film, shall be submitted to the Municipality upon completion of the utility construction. The location of all tees, manholes, and the intersection of the service lateral and the respective property line shall be witnessed from at least two permanent topographic features. GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-22 �• •II • •II II II II -II II " " "II Location The location of the sanitary sewer within the street right-of-way shall be on the centerline of the street Minimum Grades and Velocities Sanitary sewers shall be designed to maintain a minimum velocity of two feet per second; maximum velocity shall not exceed ten feet per second. Suggested minimum grades for various size sanitary sewers are listed below: 6" (lateral) 8" 10" 12" . 15" 18" 24" 1.00% 0.40% 0.30% 0.22% 0.15% 0.12% 0.10% Minimum Diameter The Developer shall install the appropriately sized sanitary sewer system to serve the proposed development and shall submit · supporting documentation and calculations to the City to demonstrate adequacy. The minimum diameter of collected sewers shall be eight inches and the minimum diameter of the service lateral shall be six inches. The municipality may desire to increase the size of certain sewers for their own purposes, in which case the municipality shall pay for the difference in sewer pipe and manhole construction material costs over and above the Developer's proposed diameter sanitary sewer and manhole structures. Sewer Pipe Sanitary sewer pipe shall be PVC conforming to ASTM D3033 or ASTM D3034. Minimum wall thickness shall be SDR-35. Joints shall be of the elastomeric gasket push-on type conforming to ASTM D3212. Manholes Manholes shall be constructed at all changes in gr-ade, size and alignment of the sanitary sewer. The maximum run between manholes shall be 400 feet All manholes shall be precast concrete with rubber "O" ring at joints; block or brick sanitary manholes will not be approved. All pipe · openings shall be cast in the precast section or cored in the finished wall. Manhole pipe connections shall be furnished with an integrally cast seal system, equal to "Press Wedge II", "Kor-N-Seal", "Lock Joint Flexible Manhole Sleeve", or equal. Sanitary manholes shall have GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-23 �• •II II •,i Ill • • • • •II II integrnl concrete manhole bottom. A drop pipe shall be constructed for all sewers entering a manhole at a height of 24 inches or greater above the proposed manhole invert. The minimum inside diameter of a sanitary sewer manhole for sewers through 21 inches in diameter shall be 48 inches. For sanitary sewer 24 to 36 inches in diameter, the minimum inside diameter of the sanitary manhole shall be 60 inches. A minimum of three rows and a maximum of six rows of concrete adjusting bricks or rings shall be constructed on top of the precast cone section. The interior and exterior of the adjusting bricks or rings shall receive a ½ inch thick coat of plaster. All manholes shall be provided with approved manhole steps. Service Laterals Connection of the service laterals to the collection sewer shall be by means of a sewer pipe wye or tee fitting. The service lateral shall be constructed to the property line of all lots and marked in accordance with the sanitary sewer standard of construction included herein. In addition, the Developer shall be required to furnish to the Municipality a map indicating the precise location of all sanitary sewer laterals at the property line intersection. The location should be witnessed from two recoverable reference points. All service laterals shall have a minimum 4" diameter cleanout pipe connected to the lateral with a wye fitting. The cleanout pipe shall be extended to the surface and equipped with a threaded cap set flush with the ground surface. The cleanout cap shall be located six inches (6") inside the right-of-way line. For service laterals of extended length, cleanouts shall be constructed at 100 foot intervals. Where sanitary sewers are deeper than 15 feet, 6 inch diameter risers shall be constructed such that the service lateral is 11 feet below finish grade at the property line. All changes in direction, materials, or pipe size shall be done with proper fittings. Subsurface Soil Conditions The Developer shall provide sufficient soil borings along the sanitary sewer route to accurately describe the prevailing soil conditions. The borings shall be constructed to a depth of four feet below the proposed invert elevation of the sanitary sewer. Manhole Casting Refer to the table of standard castings and valves for the municipalities standard manhole castings. Lift Stations Unless otherwise approved lift stations shall be of fiberglass enclosed suction lift type station. Each station shall be equipped with an adequately sized wet-well, duplex pumps, suction and discharge plug valves, discharge check valves, high and low water level alarms, ventilation and heaters. Stations shall have provisions for accepting portable emergency generator service compatible with the City's generator. Pump stations shall be similar to the City's existing station and shall be subject to the approval of the Municipality. Lift station design shall conform to the guidelines contained in the Recommended Standards for Sewage Works, Great Lakes-Upper GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-24 �II II II II II • •II .. II II II Mississippi River Board of State Sanitary Engineers (fen-States Standards) unless otherwise noted or approved. All submersible pump lift stations shall be provided with intrinsically safe electrical control systems. The electrical system shall have provisions for accepting portable electrical generator service. Lift station design shall be subject to the approval of the municipality. Inverted Siphons Generally, the use of inverted siphons will not be approved unless specific conditions warrant their use. Ille!!al Connections The connections of footings drains, roof drains, sump pump discharge, or yard drains to the sanitary sewer are strictly prohibited. Connection Elevations Plans submitted for approval shall note the elevation of the sanitary sewer service lead at the building foundation line as well as the invert elevation of the service lead at the collection sewer in the street. Minimum cover over the service lateral shall be four feet. Trench Load.in!? Design All sanitary sewers shall be designed so as to resist all trench backfill and construction load or anticipated superimposed loadings utilizing a factor of safety of 2.0 of the pipe's resistance to failure . .. II II II II II II II GAYLORD MS-1 91527.i2 SD-25 �•II II • ••• .. II II ; " "• • • • • STANDARDS OF DESIGN - STORM SEWERS Scope These standards establish the minimum requirements for the design of storm sewers in the Municipality. Plans and Specifications 1. The plans and specifications shall be prepared by a professional engineer registered in the State of Michigan . 2. Plans shall consist of a cover sheet showing a location map and site plan of the proposed project, plan and profile sheets covering all the proposed street and roadway construction, and a standard detail sheet. Plan sheet size shall be 24" x 36" or 22" x 34". Plan scale shall be either 1" 40' or 1" 20' horizontally and 1" 5' vertically. = = = 3. Elevations shall be based upon U.S.G.S. datum. Elevations based upon assumed datum will not be approved. 4. Plan profiles shall indicate existing and proposed ground levels, U.S.G.S. elevations, and stationing. 5. Four sets of plans and specifications shall be submitted by the Developer to the Municipality for preliminary approval. All plans and specifications submitted for approval shall be sealed by the registered engineer in charge of design. Modifications required to meet the municipal standards, if any, will be noted on two sets, with one such set returned to the Developer for final corrections within 90 days of receipt. 6. Six sets of final plans and specifications shall be submitted by the Developer to the Municipality for approval All plans and specifications submitted for approval shall be sealed by the registered engineer in charge of design . 7. The Developer will be responsible for securing all State and local construction pemuts required for storm sewer construction. 8. One (1) set of reproducible "as-built" tracings, on mylar or polyester film, shall be submitted to the Municipality upon completion of the utility construction. The location of all tees, manholes and catch basins shall be witnessed from at least two permanent topographic features . GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 �• • • • • • •II " Location Location shall be within the street right-of-way 8 feet south and 8 feet east of the centerline of the right-of-way. Minimum and Maximum Velocity All storm sewers shall be designed to provide a minimum velocity of three feet per second and a maximum velocity of ten feet per second when the pipe is flowing full . Minimum Diameter The Developer shall install the appropriately sized storm sewer system to serve the proposed development and shall submit supporting documentation and calculations to the City to demonstrate adequacy . The minimum diameter for all storm sewer, including catch basin leads, shall be 12 inches. The Municipality may desire to increase the size of certain sewers for their own purposes, in which case the Municipality shall pay for the diffe/ence in sewer pipe and manhole structure material costs over and above the Developer's proposed diameter storm sewer and manhole structures. Manhole Storm sewer manholes shall be constructed at all changes in grade, size and alignment of the storm sewer. The maximum run between storm sewer manholes shall be 500 feet Manholes may be either precast concrete or concrete block construction. The minimum inside manhole diameter for storm sewers through 21 inches in diameter shall be 48 inches. For storm sewers from 24 to 36 inches in diameter, the minimum storm manhole diameter shall be 60 inches. For storm sewers 42 inches and larger, "tee" manhole riser sections shall be used. Should a change in grade, size or alignment of the pipe occur in a manhole where one or more of the sewers are 42 inches in diameter or large, the manhole section shall have a minimum inside diameter of the largest pipe diameter plus two feet All manholes shall be provided with approved manhole steps. Storm Sewer Design Storm sewer design shall be consistent with engineering practice and shall utilize a minimum storm flow generated from a 10 "year, 24 hour storm event Catch Basins Storm sewer catch basins shall have a minimum inside diameter of 48 inches and shall provide a minimum sump depth of 24 inches below the lowest pipe invert elevation. Catch basins shall be constructed at all low poin~ in the curb and gutter and shall be located so as to limit storm water travel in the gutter section to a maximum distance of 250 feet GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-27 �Standard Castine:s Refer to the Table of Standard Castings and Valves for the municipalities standard castings. Trench Loadin e: Desi e:n All storm sewers shall be designed so as to resist all trench backfill and construction load or anticipated superimposed loadings utilizing a factor of safety of 2.0 of the pipe's resistance to failure. Pipe Materials Storm sewers shall be constructed with reinforced concrete pipe (RCP) or high depsity polyethylene corrugated pipe with an integrally formed smooth interior. Corrugated metal pipe (CMP) may be approved for service leads off the public R.O.W. and culverts. GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-28 �• • • • • " " STA1\1DARDS OF DESIGN - "\VA TER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS Scope These standards establish the minimum requirements for the design of storm sewers in the Municipality. Plans and Specifications 1. The plans and specifications shall be prepared by a professional engineer registered in the State of Michigan. 2. Plans shall consist of a cover sheet showing a location map and site plan of the proposed project, plan and profile sheets covering all the proposed street and roadway construction, and a standard detail sheet Plan sheet size shall be 24" x 36" or 22" x 34". Plan scale shall be either 1" = 40' or 1" =· 20' horizontally and 1" = 5' vertically. 3. Elevations shall be based upon U.S.G.S. datum. Elevations based upon assumed datum will not be approved. 4. Plan profiles shall indicate existing and proposed ground levels, U.S.G.S. elevations, and stationing. 5. Four sets of plans and specifications shall be submitted by the Developer to the Municipality for preliminary approval. All plans and specifications submitted for approval shall be sealed by the registered engineer in charge of design. Modifications required to meet the municipal standards, if any, will be noted on two sets, with one such set returned to the Developer for final corrections within 90 days of receipt 6. Six sets of final plans and specifications shall be submitted by the Developer to the Municipality for approval All plans and specifications submitted for approval shall be sealed by the registered engineer in charge of design. 7. The Municipality will apply for the water main construction permit from the Michigan Department of Public Health. The Developer \\ill be responsible for securing all oL~er permits required. for the. water distribution system construction. 8. One (1) set of reproducJble "as-built" tracings, on mylar or polyester film, shall be submitted to the Municipality upon completion of the utility construction. The location of all valves and curb shutoffs shall be witnessed from at least two permanent topographic features. . II II II II . II Ill Ill GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-29 �• • • • • • • • • • •Ill • •II Ill II II II Location Location of the water main within the street right-of-way shall be 23 feet north and 23 feet west of the centerline of the right-of-way. In no case shall a water main be constructed within ten feet (measured horizontally) from a sanitary sewer. Minimum Size The Developer shall install the appropriately sized water main to serve the proposed development and shall submit supporting documentation and calculations to the City to demonstrate adequacy. The minimum size of water main shall be six inches in diameter. The municipality may desire to increase the size of certain mains for their own purposes, in which case the municipality shall pay for the difference in water main and valve material costs over and above the Developer's proposed diameter water main and valves. Valves AWW A approved gate valves shall be placed throughout the distribution system in accordance with the following regulations: a. On straight runs, valves shall be spaced at maximum intervals of 800 feet b. At tees, a minimum of two valves are required. c. At crosses, a minimum of three valves are required. d. At the end of dead end mains, valves shall be construct to facilitate future connections. e. A valve shall be installed at the intersection of water mains and easement lines. The municipality intends to maintain water main within legal easements . Valve Boxes and Manholes Valves shall be placed in valve manholes as directed by the municipality. Generally valve manholes will be required in State Highway right-of-ways, paved surfaces, berms, sidewalks, and any other location where re-excavation may be difficult Valves not placed in valve manholes shall be provided with adjustable screw type valve boxes. Valve Extension Stems Where valves are used with valve boxes, the depth to the top of the valve operating nut shall not be greater than 5½ feet \Vhere the water main is buried at a depth where the nonnal valve operating nut will be at a depth greater than 5½ feet, a valve extension stem with operating nut GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-30 �• • • • •II •II ""• • •II • • • shall be provided and mechanically attached to the valve to provide an operating nut at the 5½ foot depth . \Vater Mains Water mains shall be constructed of ductile iron or PVC with a minimum cover of 6 feet The use of cement-asbestos water main \\ill not be approved. In general, water mains shall be designed in a network with sufficient looping to eliminate "dead end" runs. Any other pipe material shall be subject to the approval of the municipality. Hydrants The minimum size for fire hydrants shall be 5 inch diameter and the hydrant shall have connections and special construction as noted on the Table of Standard Castings and Valves . Hydrants shall be spaced along the water main network such that all residential and commercial establishments are within 400 feet of a hydrant (measured along the street right-of-way). Threads on the connections shall be National Standard Threads (NS1). The hydrants shall have plugged drains. The pumper connection shall face the street Hydrants shall be constructed at all dead end mains. Hydrants shall be constructed from the main by use of a standard tee and . gate valve. A concrete thrust block of sufficient area shall be constructed to resist _the thrust. Service Connections I Connection to the existing main shall be made with a corporation stop with a minimum diameter of one (1) inch. Service lead shall be type K annealed seamless copper water tubing with flared type fittings. Service lead shall be constructed to within six inches of the property line and shall be terminated with a curb valve. The open end shall be capped and protected during backfill operations. An adjustable curb box shall be provided for each curb box. The size of water service connection shall be approved by the Engineer. Each service connection shall be provided with a minimum of 6 feet of cover. Refer to the Table of Standard Castings and Valves for acceptable makes and model numbers . Water Meters Water meters together with the necessary setting equipment are to be furnished by the City upon payment of the necessary fee as establishe4 by the City. (This fee is subject to change by the City Council). The meter and appurtenances shall remain the property of the City and shall be maintained by the City in accordance with the City Water Ordinance. GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-31 �• • • • • • • • • • -II • •II II II II II STANDARDS OF DESIGN - SITE GRADING Scope These standards establish the minimum requirements for the design of storm sewers in the Municipality. Plans and Specifications 1. The plans and specifications shall be prepared by a professional engineer registered in the State of Michigan. 2. Plans shall consist of a cover sheet showing a location map and site plan of the proposed project, plan and profile sheets covering all the proposed street and roadway construction, and a standard detail sheet Plan sheet size shall be 24" x 36" or 22" x 34". Plan scale shall be either 1" = 40' ·or l" = 20' horizontally and l" = 5' vertically. 3. Elevations shall be based upon U.S.G.S. datum. Elevations based upon assumed datum will not be approved. 4. The site plan for street and lot layout shall indicate both existing and proposed contours at a two foot contour interval Individual lot drainage patterns shall be indicated on the plan. 5. Tirree sets of plans and specifications shall be submitted by the Developer to the Municipality for preliminary approval. All plans and specifications submitted for approval shall be sealed by the registered engineer in charge of design. Modifications required to meet the municipal standards, if any, will be noted on two sets, with one such set returned to the Developer for final corrections. 6. Six sets of final plans and specifications shall be submitted by the Developer to the Municipality for approval All plans and specifications submitted for approval shall be sealed by the registered engineer in charge of design. 7. The Developer will be responsible for securing all State and local construction permits. Grading Site grading shall be designed to allow for drainage of storm water away from residential or commercial buildings. Grades shall be such as to minimize earth settlement problems, avoid concentrating run-off onto adjacent properties, prevent creation of water pockets or pools of standing water and to minimize erosion. The grading design shall incorporate natural drainage courses where possible. In areas where natural drainage is not present, sutface (ditches) or GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-32 �• • • • • •II •II •II • • • • • • subsurface (storm sewers) drainage shall be provided for collection and disposal of storm run-off. It is the intent of these regulations that the grading design minimize the need for banks, retaining walls or terracing. Minimum grade away from structures shall be two percent On slopes of 3.5 horizontal to 1 vertical or greater, Class A sodding with pegs must be provided to minimize erosion. The maximum aalowable slope shall be 3.5 horizontal to 1 vertical. Site grading shall conform to the applicable sections of the Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control Act Where mulch is required, a mulch adhesive shall be used. GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-33 �CITY OF GAYLORD TABLE OF STANDARD CASTINGS AND VALVES SEWER SYSTEM SANITARY MANHOLE CASTINGS EJIW lOCX) A STORM MANHOLE CASTINGS EJIW lOCX) B CATCH BASIN CASTINGS CURB TYPE (C-4) CURB TYPE (ROLLBACK) DITCH TYPE (BEElllVE) INVERTED CROWN, ROAD EOOE PARKING LOTS (CONCAVE INLET) EJIW 7045 Ml EJIW 7065 Ml EJIW 1OCX) TYPE 02 GRATE EJIW 5105 M2 WATER DISTRIBUITON SYSTEM FIRE HYDRANTS EAST JORDAN IRON WORKS MODEL 5BR WITH 2-2½ HOSE CONNECTIONS AND 1 STANDARD PUMPER CONNECTION. NATIONAL STMTDARD THREADS. GATE VALVES RESILIENT WEDGE TYPE WATERO US SERIES 500, KENNEDY KEN-SEAL. CORPORATION STOPS :MUELLER H-15008 OR APPROVED EQUAL. CURB STOP MUELLER ORJSEAL MARK III OR APPROVED EQUAL. CURB STOP BOX MUELLER OR APPROVED EQUAL WITH ARCH PATTERN BASE, STATIONARY ROD AND LID WITH PENTAGONAL BRASS PLUG. SERVICE LEAD TYPE K MTJ\TEALED SEA.111.ESS COPPER VALVE MANHOLE CASTINGS EJIW lOCX) A GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SD-34 �STAI\TDARDS OF CONSTRUCTION - UTILITY CONSTRUCTION \VITHIN MUNICIPAL STREET RIGHT-OF-WAY General This specification covers the requirements of all gas, telephone, cable television or other public utilities, and private pers@ns or corporations in conjunction with construction operations within Municipal Street rights-of-way. All new utility installations including electrical service, telephone and cable t v. shall be installed underground. All work shall be carried on in a neat and satisfactory manner and interference with flow of traffic shall be kept to a minimum. No street may be closed without prior permission from the authority having jurisdiction. The utility shall be responsible for providing, installing, and maintaining traffic control signs, lights and barricades as required by the MDOT Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Whenever reference is made to specifications other than those contained herein, said specifications shall apply and be binding as if fully repeated herein. Unless otherwise specified, all work shall conform with applicable divisions of the "Standard Specifications for Highway Construction", latest revision of the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT). The utility company, private person or corporation shall notify the Municipality 72 hours prior to commencing construction operations, unless the situation warrants immediate action. Where applicable, construction plans shall be submitted to the City for approval 30 days in advance of the proposed initiation of construction operations. Construction Operations In general, construction operations shall be in accordance with the applicable sections of the MUNICIPAL STANDARDS. 1. Pavement Crossings - Unless otherwise specified, where a utility line crosses the entire width of a permanent pavement, the utility, private persons or corporations will be required to bore, bore and jack, or tunnel in accordance with Section 02222, Excavation for Utility Systems. If open cutting of a permanent pavement is allowed, the pavement shall be saw cut prior tp excavation and backfilled and compacted in accordance with Section 01410, Soils Compaction and Testing. · 2. Pavement Replacement - Where weather conditions allow, pavement shall be replaced upon completion of construction operations. Pavement replacement materials shall be of the same material as the existing pavement During freezing weather, cold patch shall be used until permanent pavement can be replaced. The utility, private persons or corporations shall be responsible for maintaining the cold patch until the permanent pavement can be replaced. GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 UC-1 �BIBLIOGRAPHY 1990 STAND ARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR HIGHWAY CONS1RUCI1ON, State of Michigan, Department of Transportation. RECO1111ENDED STAl\1DARDS FOR SE\VAGE WORKS, Great Lakes-Upper Mississippi River Board of State Sanitary Engineers, 1978 Edition. RECO:MMENDED STAND ARDS FOR WATER WORKS, Great Lakes-Upper Mississippi River Board of State Sanitary Engineers, 1976 Edition. ADMIN1STRATIVE RULES REGULA TING DRIVEWAYS. BANNERS. AND PARADES ON Al\1D OVER HIGITTVA YS, State of :Michigan, Department of Transportation. • • ' GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 B-1 �• • • • • •II II II II II II SECTION 01410 SOILS COMPACTION AJ\TJ) TESTING GENERAL 1.01 WORK INCLUDED: The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing all plant, labor, equipment and materials in connection with SOILS COMPACTION A!\TD TESTING. 1.02 RELATED ·woRK: The Contractor shall compact all bedding, backfill, fills, and embankments to the percentage of maximum unit weight specified herein. All compaction operations shall be performed utilizing suitable methods and equipment specifically designed for earth compaction. Rollers shall be of a standard design and in general shall be vibratory, rubber tire or smooth steel drum for granular materials and kneading type (sheep's foot) for non-granular materials. All operations shall be performed such that they do not damage or displace any pipes, utilities or structures. Compaction by flooding or jetting shall not be allowed. Attention is directed to SECITON 01560 - SPECIAL CONTROLS. 1.03 DEFThTfIONS • • • • •II II • PART 1 002 A. GRANULAR MATERIALS: Soils having a loss by washing of 15 percent or less. B. NON-GRANULAR MATERlALS: Soils having a loss by washing of more than 15 percent C. LOSS BY WASHING: Materials finer than a No. 200 sieve as determined by ASTMC117 . D. MAXIMUM UNIT WEIGHT: Maximum dry pounds per cubic foot at the optimum moisture content as determined by the following standard tests: 1. Modified Proctor: AASHTO 180, Method C, shall be used for granular and non-granular materials at structures as noted in Part D of the appended table . 2. Standard Proctor: AASHTO T-99 as modified by MDOT shall be used for soils having a loss by wash greater than 15%. 3. Michigan Cone: The MDOT "Method of Test for the Compaction and Density of Soils (Granular)" shall be used for granular materials . E. OPTTh1UM MOISTURE CONTENT: Shall be the percent moisture of the soil at which the maximum unit weight is obtained by the above tests. F. LIFT: Shall be the vertical measure of a soil layer when measured loose. 01410-1 �II II • • •II PART2 PRODUCTS 2.01 :MATERIALS: Shall be as specified herein, and as noted on the plans. The Contractor shall notify the Engineer of the source of materials at least three days prior to their use to allow for testing of samples . PART 3 EXECUTION 3.01 COMPACTION AND TESTmG A. II II II II II II II II • • • • • MOISTURE CONTENT: All material shall be at or near the optimum moisture content when compacted. Unless modified by the Engineer, the allowable moisture range shall be as follows: 1. 2. Granular soils: -3% to +2% above the optimum Non-granular soils: -1 % to +3% above the optimum In the event the moisture content of the material exceed these limits, the material shall be allowed to dry or dried by discing of harrowing. In the event that the moisture content is too low to obtain the required densities when compacted, water shall be added to increase the moisture content to the optimum. 002 B. TESTING: Moisture and in-place density tests will be made on the compacted fill in locations and at times as selected by the Engineer. The costs of tests which meet the specifications will be paid by the Owner. The costs of failing tests will be paid by the Contractor and said costs will be deducted from sums due the Contractor. The Contractor may elect to perform additional testing at his own expense for his own purposes, however, the Engineer's decision of the suitability of materials and compliance with specifications shall be final. C. TABLE OF C011PACTION OPERATIONS Al\TD REQUIREMENTS: The appended table lists requirements for minimum in-place densities and maximum lifts for various compaction operations, material classifications, and locations. The lift thickness, moisture content, type of equipment, number of passes, and weight and speed of equipment shall be adjusted to product the required compaction density with consistent results . D. SUBSIDENCE AND SETTLEMENT: The Contractor shall be responsible to conduct all compaction operations in such a manner to avoid objectionable soil settlement Irrespective of compaction tests results, excessive ·soil settlement any resulting structure or pavement damage shall be repaired by the Contractor. 01410-2 �• •II • • •II TABLE OF COMPACTION OPERATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS • Compaction Operation A. II B. 002 Min. In-Place Density% Max. Unit Weight Granular Crushed Stone 6" 12" 95% N.A. Granular 4" (2) 95% BACKFILL FOR UTILilY SYSTEMS: 1. Undercut below plan grade to 4" below pipe 2. Bedding (from 4" below pipe to l' above pipe) 3. Backfill over bedding-open field Trench Mat'l 12" (6) 90% 4. Backfill under permanent pavements Granular 12" (6) 95% 5. Backfill under existing utilities Granular 6'' (6) 95% 6. Backfill around manholes and other structures Granular 12" (6) 95% Ill • • • • • • • • •II Max. Lift Loose Measure Material Classification (1) EMBANKMENTS: 1. General 2. Under utility structures (3) Granular 01410-3 9"-12" (4)(6) 12'' (6) 95% 97% �II • • •II C. D. II II II II Existing Mat'l 9"-18" (5) 1. Subgrade 2. Aggregate Base Course As Specified 3"-6" 98% 3. Aggregate Surface Course As Specified 3"-6" 98% 95% STRUCTURES: 1. Adjacent to walls Granular 12" 2. Under floor and foundation slabs and footings (Structural Fill) Granular 9" (6) 95% 97% NOTES: • • •II (1) Specific material requirements shall be as specified herein or shown on the drawings. (2) For pipes of 8 inch O.D. and less, maximum lift shall be one-half of the pipe O.D. (3) Material as designated on the drawings or as approved by the Engineer, with exception that frost heave material, as defined in MDOT Specification 2.08.lOd may not be used in top 3 feet of embankment below subgrade. (4) 9" for non-granular, 12" for granular materials. II • • •II • STREETS AND ROADWAYS: (5) Depth of lift indicated is below excavation at which compaction is required provided a base course is required. If a base course is not required, compacted depth shall be 18 ". (6) The maximum depth of lift for hydraulic compactors which may be allowed by the Engineer v.ill vary depending upon the compaction equipment utilized by the Contractor. The maximum depth of lift shall not exceed 50% (percent) of the maximum compaction lift stated in the compaction equipment manufacturers data sheet, provided the Contractor can demonstrate that the required density has been achieved throughout the depth of the lift. E:t-.TO OF SECTION 002 01410-4 �• • • • • • • • • • • • • • ' '• • SECTION 01560 SPECL\L CONTROLS PART 1 GENERAL 1.01 'WORK INCLUDED: The work covered by this section of the specifications pertains to SPECIAL CONTROLS. 1.02 SPECIFICATIONS BY REFERENCE: Where reference is made in the specifications to standards of any technical society, association, governmental agency, etc., said specifications or standards shall apply and be binding as though fully repeated therein and are to be considered as a part of these specifications . 1.03 RELATED WORK: The Contractor shall conduct his work in a manner to prevent air, water, and noise pollution by establishing adequate controls during the construction operations. All controls shall be in accordance v.'i.th the applicable laws of the State of Michigan. A. AIR POLLUTION: The open burning of combustible wastes from clearing and grubbing operations and of waste construction materials will not be permitted. The Contractor shall dispose of all such wastes at sanitary landfill(s) licensed by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources . 1. 001 Dust Control: The Contractor shall maintain all traveled areas in a safe, dust-free conditions at all times. To accomplish this, the Contractor shall remove any tracked materials such as much, dirt, etc. from construction and haul roads, furnish and apply chloride treatment to temporary roads, furnish and install temporary road patches or surface, or any other approved methods or systems . B. WATER POLLUTION: The Contractor will be required to perform all construction operations in a manner that will conform to the requirements of Act 347, Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control Act Methods to be used are indicated herein (Items No. 1 through 46) and referenced with numbers and symbols to the plans when special details are designated. The Contractor shall also be required to perform all work in conformance with the requirements of Act 346, Inland Lakes and Streams. The permits for construction will be obtained by the Owner. C. NOISE POLLUTION: The Contractor shall exercise judgment in the conduct of operations which by nature result in excessive noise. All such operations shall take place during reasonable daylight periods, which are defined at 7:00 a.m. through 6:00 p.m. unless otherwise stated in the governing municipal ordinance, or authorized by the Owner. 01560-1 �• • • • • • • -Ill • • • • • • •I D. CONSTRUCTION DEBRIS: All construction debris shall be removed from the construction site(s) at regular intervals and disposed of at sanitary landfill(s) licensed by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. E. HOUSEKEEPING: The project worlc areas shall be maintained in a neat and clean conditions and all debris and waste materials shall be removed from work areas on a daily basis . 1.04 VEHICULAR ~'\'D PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC CONTROL: The Contractor shall be responsible for providing, installing, and maintaining vehicular and pedestrian traffic control signs, lights, and barricades in conjunction with construction operations. Vehicular traffic control measures shall be in accordance with the Michigan Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices. A. STREET CLOSING: No street or roadway may be closed to traffic without prior written pennission of the governing body having jurisdiction over the street or roadway. B. EXISTING TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNS: Existing traffic control signs which conflict with construction operations may be temporarily removed. The Contractor shall provide traffic control for the duration of the sign displacement and signs shall be replaced in the proper location immediately after construction operations adjacent to the sign locations are completed. END OF SECTION II • 001 01560-2 �• • 111·01 ::: :: :: .. - --- . -- - -- -. = :: - --- -- :: :. --- - - -- -... -:::=~=== - -- 0 ~B -- -.... -.. -- 0 - - ; - ;Hi! - - - =-- i - ' = :: .... ; :: =:: ....;~:~ -- . -- - 1 Ii ;=== : r -: ; g : = ---- -- = ; <t w <t ~ u ::; ....~ 'i: ~ ~ ~) I - - I I ( = a:: - --- .. -- -- --- .....- -.--~ >l- (J) w -. -- -;~; -- ~ ::: - 0 a:: Q_ m- -= :::> I (J) - - w Q_ - - ~ a:: - - a:: : = - J -c 01560-3 . ------ -~=~ -------~~E -. --. ---- :; - ;.. = - - -- -. = ; -- -- ..... ~§~~i I~ :: J ~ - - - ! } ~ lS : .: - :: I �,. .. .. ; l •-------- - 0 STREAMS ENCLOSED DRAINAGE SYSTEMS (USlltCIIU t11t 2B 11 ,,.......,.. .. -...- .- ~""" ~ 111111111 29 i:.~--~==:::.i..,.,, ...• llf"nT. ,.;;_ llllll &I 11\.tl JO ~- ----·- H CU II CIIIIIVII MIii IOII 1'1111,1111 111111 tOUIIIIJI tllll 111(1 tu II PV"II llllClll IICI 1111 11111 ■ II Ulllill 111111111 II IIIIJ ■ ::::: . ~ ~ ) " ' ·--::. ~~ -~ ◄J .... 11i,ou11 111111 c111111 c,m1 )2 UllhS )) '· auu, llllltll IUI II lllll v ·--~fo:~ ~ - - .,~❖i ~---=-- lllllll IIIIUPIIOI '"U III0lll Ull(\ 11\IU - OSI ID \lllf( 1111 ltlll 111 II (litN 1111' . 1101 '11(. IU0lll IU[ lit ·BORROW AREAS Pll/1111 UIUII IU,I ,11111 HOU 1111 IIOI IUIIIUtliU 4◄ ·~ !Hall 1111 llll Clllll II 11111 1111 II IIOtlPIII UI PIICI tu II IUI 11111 II IICllllll I 11 •lllll tU(U Ill tlOll(IIOl 1110( DI 1111H IU1 IVllOUC llotl lllO IIDlliOIIH II lllll. :' :.. ';_~---- .. ._•• 1-!.. ll ··---·- - - - - ((OIOIIUl INIII lllll '11111 -,- ADV A/HAG( S IREAll(NI l'RACIIC( IOU I I O(IAIL 'UIIII IOU It (UIIIUI( lll'lllt IOIU\ 111(.U IIICU tUlltllU llOOtlJlt CU ll l(tOllll\JIU IUIU rUIODI Of IUClltlll 1111 II II llllllllNIII Im ltlUI" llll llllll/11 lll,IIOl lllltllll u11m Ill IWIII 1111'11•1 UI 11111[11[ II IUltll llltl (II II IIIICIII ID 11'111/1 0lf . 1111 llllli lllllll 111111 111111 IUIC, II II tUI 1110 1111 11011111 ltlltl 1111 1[0 CO.UlUIDUl to111,1t1I to II VIO ft IIO(Ullt ut l'lllt lttlOl\ 11111 , lllll 111,oau, (Vl JIIIS , .. IOl HUI 0 )( V1 - 0-- 0 ~·- IOtl CIIIIII' I .t:- r '7 l~ ----·-.."I=~:n IUIICll&lltl IUII 11111 •(II J6 ~~~~.,._,011111 JI l1111J 101 111C11U lllltUIO 111111 IU.IUllJltl 1111 IUlllllt ,u,un nOUUVCIU ,uuu , .. 11111 ••• 111111 11111 llfl t&r,tlll IOI IOllll Hit (U II tl0111ll 110 llDal Ul(I 1ll11i, Dill 1,1 1111111 11 11\l'lt 111111 Ill 0111(1 IU(ll(U IOUUI IUr1 111IIU, UI tU\(11 NOTES , Ill II IOCI II Clf II IUllll 111111111 llllll IUIIIOIII THIS SHEET PROVIDES THE KEY TO THE NUMOEREO ER0$10N CONTROi. ITEMS '.iHOWN ON THE CONSTRUCTION Pl.ANS, SOME ITEMS SHONN ARE PAY ITEMS, AS NOTED IN THE SPECIFICATIONS. OTHERS ARE F1EOUIR£0 CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES ANO MAY NOT N(C(SSARII.Y DE SEPARATE ~y ITEMS. ll(Ullllf( Ill lilt llltl H IIICII CM([a DI 1ftlt(II 111, (Olllll UlllllllflOI ti UHi llltUI ,uuatal OI ., .. (USU lllllll IUllllllf CO...l.ECTEO SILT ANO SEDIMENT SHALL DE REMOVED PERIOOICAl.LY TO MAINTAIN THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SILT TRAP OR SEDIMENTATION DASIN. IICIIUI 1111 )~ , , .. . .. , - - --··---- ·--- (6 I III IO 1111 Ill II 11111 Ill II COIIIIUCIII OI lUIHI . l°'I TEMPORARY EROSION AND POLLUTION CONTROL PROVISIONS SHAU BE COOROINATt:D Wffii THE PERMANENT CONTROL FEATURES TO ASSURE EFFECTIVE CONTRCI. Of WATER POLLUTION DURING CONSTRUCTION OF THE PROJECT 1uuc11111.-1 UIIIS )3 ~-..'.:...:__: ~::...Z )9 IUIIUI Ult 40 ... IN PLANNING SILT TRAPS ANO SEDIMENTATION OASINS, THE WATERWAY AREA MUST DE INCREAS(O SO AS TO EFFECTIVELY REDUCE THE STREAM VE\.OCITY. tu I( ' " II IN( llf II OX( JU( Of OUUfl 110 rOtLS UI tllt (1UUU 1111 lfftCllll IUl SIIU( rUl AGGREGATES PLACED IN STREAMS SHOULD CONTAIN A MINIMI.M CF FINES AS A GENERAL RUl.E FOF1 DAMS IN SMALL STREAMS, AT LEAST 50•1• CF STONE SHOULD BE (,' DIAMETER OR LARGER. 111 1l • II COUIIUCIII OI !HIN. 111 ll. !1111 1111 Ul IOU . ALL TEMPO'lARY EROSION CONTROi. FACll.lTIES SHALL 8( R(MOVEO AT THE COMPl.ETION OF CONSTRUCTION UNl.ESS ORDERED BY THE ENGINEER TO BE l.EF T IN PLACE. CARE SHALL BE TAKEN OVRING REMOVAi. TO. MINIMIZE SILTATION IN NEARBY DrlAINAG( COJflSES IVOI . lit . llUIII( llUII l•UHIU II ~~,~~ - (IH(tll fUIIIUi t(UII llOI tUIIIIICIIOI Iii I( f(l[l flUI( : �II II SECTION 02110 SITE PREPARATION I ii -II PART 1 GENERAL 1.01 WORK INCLUDED: The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing all plant, labor, equipment and materials in connection with SITE PREPARATION. 1.02 RELATED WORK II -11 REQUIREMENTS: All work shall be carried on in a neat and satisfactory manner and interference with flow of traffic shall be kept to a minimum. B. RELATED SECITONS: Including, but not limited to: 1. 2. 3. SECTION 01410 SECTION 01560 SECTION 02223 - SOILS COMPACTION MTD TESTING SPECIAL CONTROLS BEDDING Al\TD BACKFILLING FOR UTILTIY SYSTEMS . PART2 PRODUCTS - This section not used. PART 3 EXECUTION 3.01 CLEARING: Shall consist of cutting, removing from the ground, and clisposing of trees, stumps, brush, shrubs, and other vegetation occurring within the project site which interfere with excavation, embankment or clear vision, or are otherwise noted on the construction drawings to be removed and includes the preservation from injury or defacement of all vegetation and objects designated to remain. Any trees or shrubs that are designated to be saved but are damaged by the Contractor's operations shall be repaired or replaced by the Contractor, as clirected by the Engineer, at not adclitional cost to the Owner. 3.02 TREE Al\1D STUMP REMOVAL: Shall consist of removing trees or stumps where called for on the plans or directed by the Engineer, or of removing stumps which are shown on the plans as trees occurring within the project site and shall include cutting such trees, removing their stumps and roots from the ground or chipping the stumps and properly disposing of the material. Where removal of a stump may result in damage to existing utilities, the stump shall be removed by chipping to a depth of at least one foot below the finished ground surface. Other stumps may be removed by chipping when approved by the Engineer. The Contractor shall comply with requirements of the 1'1ichigan Act 72 of the Public I '-I - A. 001 02110-1 �I I I I I I II I I I -II - Acts of 1945 and requirements of the Michigan Act 72 and regulations of the Michigan Department of Agriculture in regard to Dutch Elm diseased trees. REMOVING MISCELLAA'EOUS STRUCTURES: Shall consist of removing pavement surface and base course, curb and gutter, sidewalk, manholes and catch basins, salvaging or disposing of the resulting materials, and backfilling the resulting excavations. 3.03 A. PA VE:MENT, CURB M1D GUTTER, SIDEWALK REMOVAL: Shall be to existing joints or a sawed joint The sawed joint shall be cut with a concrete saw to a depth sufficient to cut the steel or, if the concrete is unreinforced., at least 3 inches. If the concrete has been covered with bituminous material, the depth of cut shall be sufficient to cut the steel or penetrate at least 3 inches into unreinforced concrete. The use of a crane and ball type pavement breaker will not be permitted within 50 feet of the pavement or other concrete structure that is to remain in place. Sufficient removal shall be made to provide for proper grades and connections in the new work. B. MANHOLE, CATCH BASIN AND INLET REMOVAL: In removing manholes, catch basins and inlets, any live sewer connected to them shall be rebuilt and properly rec~nnected through the removal areas, and service shall be maintained, as directed by the Engineer, during such construction operations. Unless otherwise noted, removal of the structures shall include the cost of removing the connecting pipes or sewers. Where the existing sewer or pipes are to be abandoned in place, the existing sewer or pipe shall be bulkheaded at the trench or structure wall . .The cost of the bulkhead(s) shall be included in the cost of the structure removal or abandonment 3.04 ADJUSTING UTILITY CASTINGS AA1D COVERS: Shall include all manholes, catch basins, valve vaults, valve boxes, etc., publicly or privately owned, which are located in the project site. All work shall be done in accordance with the structure Owner's requirements. A. ; MM1HOLE OR CATCH BASIN CASTING: Adjusting the casting shall apply where the elevation of the casting is lowered by the height of the available adjusting brick or rings or raised to a maximum of 15 inches of brick and block adjustment This adjustment .shall be done by one of the following methods: 1. Masonry Adjustment: Existing castings shall be adjusted to the proper elevation by removing the castings, and setting them to the required elevation by supporting them on a concrete collar or on masonry, so constructed as to hold them finnly in place. The adjacent pavement, curb, or curb and gutter shall be replaced to the original elevation, conditions and kind of construction, unless otherwise provided. 001 02110-2 �II II I I 2. -- II II II II II -II ' B. WATER VALVE BOXES: Shall be adjusted by chipping sufficient adjacent pavement or other material, adjusting the casting, and replacing pavement or other material. \Vater valve boxes which cannot be adjusted properly shall be replaced with a new screw type adjustable valve box to be furnished by the Owner and installed by the ~ontractor. C. MONUMENT BOXES: Shill be adjusted to the proper elevation by placing an approved cast iron ring to support the · cover at the correct elevation, or by removing or chipping sufficient adjacent pavement or other material to remove the casting, raising it to the proper elevation, and supporting it on Class B concrete. 3.05 REMOVE Al\1D REPLACE 1'-fAATJIOLE OR CATCH BASIN CASTINGS: Shall be where called for on the plans or in the specifications. The Contractor shall remove existing castings, install new castings of the style noted on the plans or in the specifications, and adjust the new castings to the proper elevation. The old castings remain the property of the Owner and shall be delivered by the Contractor to a location designated by the Owner. 3.06 RECONSTRUCTING MAl\'ROLES OR CATCH BASINS: Reconstruction of manholes or catch basins shall apply to where castings cannot be adjusted to the proper elevation due to the absence or present of sufficient adjusting brick or rings on the manhole structure. The manhole or catch basin structure &hall be constructed by one of the following methods: 3.07 II I Ill Ill Adjusting Rings: Existing covers may be adjusted to the proper elevation by inserting an Engineer approved, variable adjustable casting into the existing frame. The adjustable casting shall be capable of diameter adjusµnent as well as height adjustment 001 A. Precast Structure: If the manhole is constructed of precast concrete sections, the top section(s) shall be removed and replaced with a precast concrete section(s) of such height as to allow for the proposed casting adjustment B. Manhole Block or Brick: If the manhole is constructed of manhole block or brick, remove sufficient rows of block or brick in order to construct the manhole to the proper grade for casting adjustment BITUMINOUS SURFACE REMOVAL: Shall consist of removing a bituminous surface from a rigid base or removing a bituminous surface from an aggregate base without the removal of the aggregate base. The method of removing the bituminous surface shall be approved by the Engineer. The removal of a bituminous surface and the aggregate base will be classed as Earth Excavation, except when the bituminous surface is more than 5 inches in thickness. The removal of bituminous surface will be paid for as Removing Pavement 02110-3 �I II I I I I -I. -I 3.08 DISPOSAL OF MATERIALS: Materials salvage.d during the construction of the project shall become the property of the Contractor unless otherwise shown on the plans or in the propostl Materials reserve.d for use by the Owner shall be remove.d wjthout damage to the material and store.d outside the limits of construction at the location and in the manner approved by the Owner. Materials that become the property of the Contractor shall be removed from the project before acceptance of the project. Broken concrete which is matte.d together by steel reinforcement and all other waste material shall be disposed in conformance with SECITON O1560 - SPECIAL CONTROLS. 3.09 RESTORATION OF DISTURBED STRUCTURES: Existing structures, including pavement, curb and gutter, sidewalk and other miscellaneous structures, disturbed or damage.d as a result of site preparation operations shall be restore.d or replaced to their original condition by the Contractor at no additional cost to the Owner. 3.10 BACKFILLING: All trenches, holes and pits resulting from the breaking down or removal of foundations and misceUaneous structures within the project site shall be backfille.d in conformance with SECTION 02223 Paragraph 2.02 - BACKFILL MATERIAL and compacted in conformance with SECTION 01410 - SOILS COMPACTION AND TESTING. END OF SECTION I I I I -I -I 001 02110-4 �I I I I I I I I I I -II - SECTION 02161 SHEETING AND BRACING PART 1 GENERAL 1.01 WORK INCLUDED: The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing all plant, labor, equipment, and materials in connection with SHEETING AND BRACING. 1.02 RELATED ¥'\'ORK: Certain sections of the work may be specifically designated on the plans to be sheeted. This designation was made in order to limit trench width and protect parallel utilities or adjacent property. In such areas, so designated on the plans, the Contractor must provide adequate sheeting. In other areas not specifically designated to be sheeted, the Contractor may excavate in conformance with State and Federal regulations by electing to shore or by widening the trench at the top to provide the required slopes. 1.03 REQUIREMENTS: The Contractor shall comply with all Federal, State and local laws and regulations governing the furnishing and use of safeguards, safety devices and protective equipment In addition, the Contractor shall take any other needed actions on his own responsibility to protect the life and health of all persons and property during construction. The Michigan Department of Labor, Bureau of Safety and Regulations, is the enforcing agency for both the Federal and State safety regulations governing construction; the Owner and the Engineer are not the enforcing agencies to insure compliance with Federal and State safety regulations. PART2 PRODUCTS (Not Used) PART 3 EXECUTION 3.01 INSTALLATION: The Contractor shall furnish and place all sheeting or shoring and bracing as may be required. for the protection of the work, personnel, the public, and the adjacent property. A. STRUCTIJRES: Sheeting including steel sheet piling, and prone bracing thereof, shall be installed for the protection of adjacent paving, structures, and other properties, including existing utilities and structures, as may be required. in the prosecution of the work. B. UTILITIES: Sheeting, including steel sheet piling, shall be installed above the elevation of the top of the pipe or utility being installed to protect personnel and pennit proper installation of the work. Existing utilities being crossed by trenches 1111 II 001 02161-1 �I I I I I I I I I I I '- shall be adequately supported to prevent misalignment and damage. The method of support shall meet the requirements of the applicable utility company. 3.02 C. ALTERNA T,IVE 1vIBIBODS: The Contractor may, in lieu of tight steel sheeting, utilize special high trench boxes or other acceptable means to protect the trench so long as applicable State and Federal safety regulations are met, or unless sheeting is required as outlined under paragraph 1.02. In no event shall a trench which is shown on the drawings to be specifically sheeted be wider at the top than one-half of the depth of the trench, or 20 feet, whichever is less. D. RELATION OF TRENCH WIDTII TO SEWER STRENGTII: The Contractor shall be aware that the strength class of sewer pipe or the pipe bedding may be influenced by the width of trench at the top of the pipe. In general, the Engineer has designed for the worst condition assuming a wide trench at the top of the pipe so that the so called "transition width" determines the load on the pipe. CONTRACTOR RESPONSIBILITY: All paving, structures, and other properties including existing utilities, which are damaged as a result of the lack of sheeting or shoring, and bracing, or the adequate installation thereof, shall be repaired by the Contractor at his expense. In addition, where the Contractor is required to install sheeting or shoring, or elects to do so, he shall provide a certification in writing from a qualified registered professional engineer attesting to the adequacy of the proposed sheeting or shoring system(s) for each and every area or condition where sheeting or shoring is to be used. No sheeting or shoring shall be constructed without such certification. E:t--.1D OF SECTION 001 02161-2 �I I SECTION 02211 SITE EARTHV\1ORK I I I I II I II II II II II II II. II Ill PART l GENERAL 1.01 \VORK INCLUDED: The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing all plant, labor, equipment, and materials in connection with SITE EARTHWORK. 1.02 RELATED V\10RK A. REQUIREMENTS: All work shall be carried on in a neat and satisfactory manner and interference v.ri.th flow of traffic shall ·be kept to a minimwn. B. RELATED SECTIONS: Including, but not limited to: 1. 2. C. SECTION 01410 SECTION 01560 - SOILS COMPACTION M1D TESTING SPECIAL CONTROLS COORDINATION WTI1I OTIIBR CONTRACTORS: Certain portions of the work may require completion of construction under other contracts prior to commencing work under this section. The Contractor shall coordinate his work and schedule with other contractors to result in complying with the contract completion date. PART2 PRODUCTS 2.01 SUBBASE AND SUBGRADE Ul\TIERCUTTING: Shall conform to 1IDOT Granular Material Class II. 2.02 ~?\IBANKM::ENT MATERIAL: Materials utilized for embankment construction shall be approved by the Engineer. In general, any natural material which can be compacted to the required density, contains no organic material, and has a maximum unit weight of at least 95 pounds per cubic foot may be used. Materials containing more than 50 percent silt or any frozen material will not be allowed_ Silt is defined as material having a particle size of 0.074 to 0.0005 rrµn. PART3 EXECUTION 3.01 SITE EARTHWORK: Work performed under this section shall consist of constructing earth grades by excavating soil or rock and by placing embankments of fills. This work shall include the salvaging and stockpiling of selected material, 001 02211-1 �I I disposing of surplus or unsuitable material, trimming the earth grade, and maintaining the work in a finished condition until acceptance. I A. I I SITE PREPARATION: Undesirable material shall be removed from the grading limits and salvaged or disposed of as specified herein or as shown on the plans. 1. I I I I I ' I I I -I " B. 001 Removing Topsoil: Before removing topsoil, all vegetation of a height greater than one foot shall be reduced to a height of approximately 6 inches and all such vegetation and all brush, stones, rocks, and any other objectionable litter or foreign materials shall be removed from the site and disposed of in confonnance with SECTION 01560 - SPECIAL CONTROLS. Equipment and methods of operations shall be such as to avoid the lifting of subsoil. If soil or weather conditions are unsuitable, the Contractor shall cease and resume removing topsoil upon orders from the Engineer. a. Embankment Areas: Where the embankment is to be 5 feet or less in height to the pavement surface, the topsoil shall be stripped from the area within limits of 1 on 1 slopes spreading outward from the finished shoulders. For embankments upon which a structure is to be built, the topsoil shall be stripped from an area within limits of 1 on 1 slopes spreading outward in all directions from the bottom of structure footing. The depth of the topsoil to be removed shall be as shown on the plans or as directed by the Engineer. b. Cut Areas: Topsoil shall be removed within the grading limits. 2. Salvaging Topsoil: The topsoil may be stocl...l)iled outside the limits of construction or used as shown on the plans or as directed by the Engineer. Topsoil stockpiles shall be located and shaped so as to avoid placing around trunks and over root areas of trees to be preserved or in drainage courses. The topsoil shall be kept separate from other excavated material. 3. Salvaging Other Materials: If provided on the plans or in the proposal, or if directed by the Engineer, old road surfacing of gravel, crushed stone, or selected excavated materials, shall be removed from the designated areas for use in such items as earth shoulders, salvaged approaches, temporary roadway surfacing or other items requiring the use of such materials. Reasonable care shall be exercised in removing and handling the designated materials to prevent incorporation of foreign or undesirable material. When the salvaged material cannot be placed directly in the contemplated construction, the material shall be stored in stockpiles. SUBGRADE ill\TDERCUTTING: Including backfilling, shall be performed to replace material susceptible to frost heaving or differential frost action and unstable soil conditions, as determined by the Engineer. Removing topsoil will not be part of subgrade undercutting. Excavation below subgrade in cut sections, at the transition from cut to fill sections, and any excavation other than peat 02211-2 �I I I I I I excavation that may be required below the topsoil in fill sections will be classified as Subgrade Undercutting. II I I I II II C. 11 001 Limits 'of Subgrade Undercutting: After the subgrade has been constructed to the approximate grade, the Engineer will promptly inspect the grade to determine if any subgrade undercutting is required and determine the limits of such undercutting. Where shallow fills are to be placed, the Engineer will inspect the fill area before any embankment is placed and determine the limits of the subgrade undercutting if any, before placing any embankment All deposits of frost heave material v.ithin lines 2 feet outside the proposed surface, shall be removed to a depth as directed by the Engineer. Subgrade undercutting shall be performed within the limits established by the Engineer, and the excavated material shall become the property of the Contractor. 2. Backfilling of Subgrade Undercut Sections: Undercut sections shall be backfilled to the subgrade elevation with MDOT Granular Material Class II. The degree of compaction shall be in conformance with SECTION 01410 - SOILS COMPACTION AND TESTING. WASTE MATERIAL AND DEBRJS: Of whatever nature shall the site at the Contractor's expense. be removed from 1. Excess Material: From excavation operations which is not required for fill or backfill may be spread at the site in spoil areas as shown on the plans. 2. Hazardous \Vaste: Should such waste material as defined by MD:NR be encountered during construction, the Contractor shall immediately notify the Engineer. Removal and disposal of such materials from the site shall be considered a changed condition. D. CONSTRUCTING E1vIBAl\1XMENTS: Shall be done with approved materials as specified in paragraph 2.02. In addition, embankments shall be constructed with the maximum allowable lift and degree of compaction conforming to SECTION 01410 - SOILS COMPACTION AND TESTING. In general, embankment construction at outside air temperatures below 35°F. will not be allowed. If embankment construction is allowed under such conditions, the Contractor shall exclude frozen material from any portion of the embankment Any frozen material on a partially completed fill shall be removed and disposed of prior to placing additional fill on the embankment E. BORROW: Material secured from locations outside the project site will be considered borrow excavation. The Contractor shall perform all work and provide all materials and equipment necessary to excavate, haul and place the borrow material. The Contractor will be held liable for all damages caused by his hauling operations and will be required to pay for such damages. - II II II II 1. 02211-3 �I I I I I I I I F. PREPARATION OF SUBGR.ADE SURFACE: Where the natural soils form the subbase, the subgrade shall be scarified and blended to a minimum depth of 6 inches to obtain uniformity across all lines of change in soil types. The subgrade shall be compacted. in conformance with SECTION 01410 - SOILS COMPACTION AND TESTil\G. E:t\1) OF SECTION I I - • 1,: -- -II II II II 001 02211-4 �I I I I I SECTION 02222 EXCAVATION FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS ·-· I I I I I I ,: • • • PART 1 GENERAL WORK INCLUDED: The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing all plant, labor, equipment, and materials and perfonning all operations in connection with EXCAVATION FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS. 1.02 RELATED WORK A. REQUIREMENTS: All work shall be carried on in a neat and satisfactory manner and interference with flow of traffic shall be kept to a minimum. B. RELATED SECTIONS: Including, but not limited to: 1. C. 2. 3. 4. SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION 5. SECTION 02227 - 6. SECTION 02901 - - SOILS COMPACTION AND TESTING SPECIAL CONTROLS SHEETING AND BRACING BEDDING A1'.1D BACKFILLING FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS BORING, JACKlliG AND TUNNELING FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS RESTORATION AND CLEAN-UP DEVIATIONS: \Vherever obstructions not shown on the plans are encountered during the progress of the work and interference to such an extent that an alteration in the plan is required., the Engineer shall have the authority to change the plans and order a deviation from the line and grade or arrange with the ovmers of the structures for the removal, relocation or reconstruction of the obstructions. If the change in plans results in a change in the amount of work by the Contractor, such altered work shall be done on the basis of payment to the Contractor for extra work or credit. 1. 001 01410 01560 02161 02223 Contractor Downtime: In the event that the above mentioned interference causes the Contractor to cease operations temporarily, he shall immediately inform the Engineer through the representative on the job or the Engineer's office. The Engineer wilL within one normal working day, defined as 8 hours between the hours of 7:00 A.M. and 6:00 P.M., inform the Contractor how to proceed or to move his operations to another portion of the work without any additional cost to the Owner for Contractor downtime or for relocation to another portion of the work. 02222-1 �I I I D. I I I -I -II • • SUBSURFACE EXPLORATIONS: Whenever, in the opinion or the Engineer, it is necessary to explore and excavate to determine the location of the existing underground structures, the Contractor shall make explorations and excavations for such purposes at no cost to the Owner. All apparent underground conflicts shall be excavated in advance for utility systems to determine any actual interference. PART2 PRODUCTS 2.01 BACKFILL FOR UNDERClJITING: Shall conform to MDOT Granular Material Class II Granular Material or other material approved by the Engineer. 2.02 FLEXIBLE PIPE REQUIREMENTS: When undercutting exceeds 12" for flexible pipe (PVC or corrugated pipe) backfill for undercutting shall conform to MDOT requirements for 3 lA aggregate. PART 3 EXECUTION 3.01 EXCAVATION AND PREPARATION OF TRENCH 001 A. CAUTION IN EXCAVATION: The Contractor shill proceed with caution in the excavation and preparation of the trench so that the exact location of underground structures, both known and unknown, may be detennined. The Contractor shall be held responsible for the repair of such structures if broken or otherwise damaged as a result of excavation at no additional cost to the Owner. B. EXCAVATION TO GRADE: The trench shall be excavated to the depth required so as to provide a uniform and continuous bearing and support for the pipe per details shown in Section 02223, Bedding and backfilling for Utility Systems. C. EXCAVATION BELOW GRADE 1. Contractor's Fault: If the Contractor undercuts the trench bottom below plan grade, the trench shall be restored to plan grade with compacted granular material or stone (at the option of the Engineer) at no additional cost to the Owner. 2. Unstable Ground Conditions: If unstable ground conditions are encountered at the plan grade, the Engineer will direct the Contractor to excavate the unstable material to a stable base. The Contractor shall then place and compact crushed stone, granular materials or other suitable material, approved by the Engineer, to estabLish the plan grade. 3. Compaction of Granular Material: Shall conform to Section 01410, Soils Compaction and Testing. 02222-2 �I I D. I I I I I I I I I I I --" II 001 WIDTH OF TRENCH: The \lr1dth of the trench shall be ample to pennit the pipe to be laid and joined properly. In general, the Engineer has designed for the worst condition assuming a wide trench at the top of the pipe so that the so called "transition width" determines the load on the pipe. 1. Bedding Requirements: When sand bedding is used, the trench widths shall be as required to allow specified compaction of the bedding. If stone bedding is used. a minimum of 6 inches clearance shall be provided on each side of the pipe. 2. Safety: The trench v.idth shall be such that safety is provided at all times. In this regard, it shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to provide a safe trench for working at all times. Trench width and excavation shall meet all requirements of the Sate of Michigan Safety Inspector, the Department of Labor and MI-OSHA. Sheeting and bracing shall conform to Section 02161, Sheeting and Bracing. E. REMOVAL AND DISPOSAL OF WATER: The Contractor shall provide adequate pumping, bailing, or other drainage facilities for removal and disposal of water from the excavation. These facilities shall consist of sumping, dewatering wells, well points or any other system designed and operated to remove groundwater to provide a dry and stable trench. F. BORING, JACKING AND TIJNNELING: At certain permanent pavement and railroad crossings, the Contractor shall bore and jack, or tunnel utilities in conformance with Section 02227, Boring, Jacking and Tunneling for Utility Systems. G. OPEN CUTTING OF PERMANENT PAVEMENT 1. General: Where utilities are to be constructed within the rights-of-way of county, State or Federal highways or railroads, an application will be applied for by the Owner with the respective agency/agencies and shall be executed by the Owner upon fulfillment of requirements by the Contractor. The Contractor shall provide any bonds or assurances required by the agency/agencies. Whenever the specifications and plans conflict with the requirements of the permit, the requirements of the pennit shall govern. 2. Pavement Removal: Prior to excavation through all hard surface pavement, including sidewalks, the pavement shall be sawcut at such places to allow approximately 12 inches of undisturbed earth between the cut and the top edge of the trench. In lieu of sawcuts the pavement may be removed to a clean line at construction joints or contraction joints as approved by the Engineer. 02222-3 �I I I H. OPEN CUTITNG MTD Tl.11'1'1:LING OF TREES 1. Open Cutting: Where noted on the drawings, trees up to two inches (2") in diameter, may be balled, removed, and reinstalled after backfilling operations, or replaced in conformance with Section 02901, Restoration and Clean-up. Trees between two inches (2") and eight inches (8") may be removed and replaced by approved tree space if acceptable to the Engineer. Trees eight inches (8") in diameter and smaller shall not be open cut closer than four feet (4') and shall be tied back to a dead.man. Trunks or limbs shall be protected from damage. Trees eight inches (8") in diameter and larger shall not be open cut closer than the radius in inches multiplied by one foot; i.e., a twelve inch tree shall not be open cut closer than six feet (6') and shall be tunneled within that radius. 2. Tunneling: Tunneling operations adjacent to or under trees shall begin at end points which fall outside a radius designated above. I I I -I -Ill END OF SECTION 001 02222-4 �i i ii II •II SECTION 02223 BEDDING AND BACKFILLING FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS PART 1 GENERAL 'WORK INCLUDED: The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing all plant, labor, equipment, and materials and performing all operations in connection with BEDDING AND BACKFILLING FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS . 1.02 II RELATED WORK A. REQUlREMENTS: All work shall be carried on in a neat and satisfactory manner and interference with flow of traffic shall be kept to a minimum. Special attention shall be made to the interrelationship between types of bedding and class of piped material. B. RELATED SECTIONS: Including, but not limited to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION 01410 01560 02222 02901 03001 - SOILS COMPACTION AND TESTING SPECIAL CONTROLS EXCAVATION FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS RESTORATION AND CLEAN-UP CONCRETE PART2 PRODUCTS 2.01 PIPE BEDDING MATERIAL: Includes all specified bedding material from 4 inches below the pipe to 12 inches above the top of the pipe. A. GRANULAR BEDDlNG: Shall be well graded granular materials conforming to MDOT granular material Oass II. B. STONE BEDDING C. 001 1. Rigid Pipes: Shall be stone conforming to MDOT Specification 8.02 for 6A coarse aggregate. 2. Flexible Pipes (PVC or Corrugated Pipe): Specification 8.02 for 3 lA aggregate. Shall conform to MDOT CONCRETE: Shall be Class B wet mix concrete conforming to Section 03001, Concrete. 02223-1 �-11 D. I ii I BACKFILL l\1A TERIAL: Includes all trench material above the pipe bedding material to the topsoil, aggregate base course, or grade. 2.02 •II A. BACKFILL MATERIAL FOR AREAS OUTSIDE PERMANENT PA VE11ENT AREAS: When the type of backfill material is not indicated on the plans or in the specifications, the Contractor may backfill with excavated material, provided that the excavated material consists of loam, clay, sand, gravel or other materials approved by the Engineer. All backfill material shall be free from cinders, ashes, refuse, vegetable or organic material, boulders, rocks or stones, or other material which in the opinion of the Engineer is unsuitable. However, from one foot above the top of the pipe to grade, suitable material containing stones up to 6 inches in their greatest dimension may be used. Backfill shall be placed to the level required for final restoration in conformance with Section 02901, Restoration and Clean-up. II I • • • •II • • • • FLEXIBLE PIPE BEDDil\G (PVC OR CORRUGATED PIPE): Shall be approved by the Engineer and graded to provide adequate sidewall support, compactibility, and to prevent loss of support through migration of trench wall material into •the bedding or migration of bedding material into the trench wall or bottom. Where in place trench materials are clay, silt, fine sand or a mixture thereof, the bedding material shall contain sufficient fines and be graded such that there are essentially no voids when compacted. B. BACKFILL MATERIAL UNDER PER11Al\TENT PAVEMENTS OF SIDEWALKS: Shall be sand,s gravel or other granular material conforming to Section 01410, paragraph 1.03A, Granular Materials, approved by the Engineer. Use of excavated trench material will be allowed only if it conforms to Section 01410, paragraph 1.03A, Granular Materials. Backfill shall be placed to the level required for final restoration in conformance with Section 02901, Restoration and Clean-up . PART3 EXECUTION 3.01 GENERAL: Excavation, undercutting, trench widths and dewatering shall conform to Section 02222, Excavation for Utility Systems. Installation of pipes and structures shall be in accordance with the applicable sections of this specification. 3.02 OPEN TRENCH: The length of trench allowed to be left open before backfilling shall be a maximum of 100 feet, or as directed by the Engineer. The trench, if bedded to one foot above the top of the pipe, shall still be considered as an open trench. 3.03 PIPE SUPPORT IN UNSTABLE SOIL: Where the bottom of the trench at subgrade is found to consist of material which is unstable to such a degree that it cannot be removed and replaced with an approved material thoroughly compacted in place to support the pipe properly, the Contractor shall construct 001 02223-2 �-ll supports as directed by the Engineer. Cost of such supports shall be negotiated at the time of construction. 3.04 CONSTRUCTION IN FILL SECTIONS: Where it is necessary to lay pipe in a fill area, all unstable or unsuitable material shall be removed and slopes steeper than 1 to 2 shall be stepped before fill material is placed. The embankment shall be of suitable material on 1 to 2 fill slopes and shall be not less than five diameters plus four feet wide at the invert of the pipe and shall be continued up to provide not less than one foot of cover over the pipe. Compaction shall conform to Section 01410, Soils Compaction and Testing. 3.05 PIPE BEDDING: All trenches shall be bedded by hand, from the bottom of the trench to one foot above the pipe with approved material and compacted by tamping. Bedding material shall be deposited in the trench for its full width on each side of the pipe, fittings and appurtenances. Special care shall be taken to assure that there are no voids under the pipe haunches and that the pipe line and grade is not disturbed. Bedding dimensions and details shall conform to the appended tables. II II -II II" • • • A. CONCRETE BEDDING: The pipe and fittings shall be adequately blocked and otherwise supported to maintain line and grade during concrete placement Following concrete placement, no subsequent bedding or backfill operations shall be performed until the concrete has obtained adequate strength, which is 48 hours unless an accelerating admixture is used wherein the time may be reduced to 24 hours with the consent of the Engineer. Concrete bedding shall conform to the dimensions as given in the appended tables and reinforcement if required, shall be as detailed on the drawings . B. FLEXIBLE PIPE BEDDING: Due to sidewall support requirements, flexible pipe bedding shall be placed with extreme care. Wherever trench undercut with porous stone with a high void ratio is used for dewatering, special methods and materials for bedding shall be used as detailed on the appended sheets. 3.06 BACKFILL: Backfill shall be carefully placed and compacted in lifts. From the top of the pipe bedding material to four feet above the pipe, compaction shall be with small vibrating plate compactors and heavy wheel driven impactors shall not be used. A. 001 BACKFILLING UNDER PERMANENT PAVEMENTS: Permanent pavements include gravel, bituminous concrete, and concrete surfaces streets, curbs, sidewalks, driveways, or similar structures. Where the excavation for utilities cuts through permanent pavements, the entire backfill to subgrade shall consist of granular material approved by the Engineer. Granular backfill shall be placed to the outside edges of shoulders or two feet outside the back of curb. 02223-3 �-I I I I ••• • • • • 1. Maintenance of Street Cuts: If replacement of permanent pavement will not be completed \lt1trun 5 days of excavation, the Contractor shall construct and maintain a 4 inch bituminous base patch on all street cuts until fhe original type of surfacing is replaced. 2. Maintenance of Sidewalk Cuts: In sidewalks, sand backfill shall be constructed. to the existing sidewalk grade, and maintained. until the sidewalk can be poured. If replacement of the sidewalk will not be completed within 5 days of excavation, the Contractor shall construct and maintain a 4 inch bituminous base patch on all sidewalk cuts until the original type of surfacing is replaced. B. BACKFILLING AT STRUCTURES: All backfill placed within three (3) feet of manholes or other underground structures shall be approved sand compacted in conformance with Section 01410, Soils Compaction and Testing. C. BACKFILL AT EXISTING UTILITIES: Existing utilities shall be protected during backfilling operations and backfilled in accordance with the requirements and standards of the company or municipality having jurisdiction over the utility. When backfill requirements under utilities are not set forth by the company or municipality, the Contractor shall backfill in conformance with paragraph 3.04. Existing utility lines damaged during, or as a result of backfilling operations, shall be repaired by the Contractor at his expense. 3.07 BEDDING AND BACKFILLING IN FREEZING WEATHER: Bedding and backfilling shall not be constructed in freezing weather, except by permission of the Engineer. Bedding and backfill shall not consist of frozen material and no fill shall be made where the material already in the trench is frozen . 3.08 COMPACTION: Compaction lifts and required densities for bedding and backfilling shall conform to Section 01410, Soils Compaction and Testing. 3.09 RESTORATION AND CLEAN-UP: Restoration and Clean-up. END OF SECTION 001 02223-4 Shall conform to Section 02901, �~ - ••• ----- • .• - - •.:•.. •.- -\-I- FOR RIGID PIPE BEDDING GRANULAR BEDDING /"BA.CKFILL _./ . ·.~. ·t.:·:\'.'•:·•:·:·•::) ..... .. .:-.:·•: , z ··:,. '.::·:.:-:} L::}\..: Yft::•i · : ? : /? ... . , GRANULAR BEDDl~G ..·. . .·. .. : :.\: .:: ; • . . ,(.-~.•);;j¾/. : .:·o •: .. .:' CONCRETE-41~ ~!,// / //, FOR BEDDING l.,.J I \,"'I ( pyc · AND / BACKFILL ✓- :i ... ' • O<{U . ,' • •• Z 1-:i; [}i&.. ' • : , .• ; :: .• · , NORMAL BEDDING ·.·· ~ . . .. :,• .' :· · ••. -. . ~ '('\J . •rrp.. q•·. 1,,'\ □•• • 11• ·!)1 o. 'l: 'I. • .ti', o h."Pb • A •• ~ <ti : ., •.. ~) II.JI . 0. ~ ~ d 1), • • 0: o MOOT 31A l <J' ~ ~ STONE 40 ••• ~ ,1p:"l,t>'. t'. • 6,v•'<J- 1 l1J 0. • • /. z \ .·.1 : .:.:.·· ~ :·.:;_/. :·: . . :, . ('\J I, :·, .:.\··_::.;_::\..... <.~<· 2 58 :'i : .· ·· :·•. {AT TOP OF PIPE) ;E u-t•..... w-n...,: ~ :. AS SPECIFIED . 5 X 0.0. MIN . • • IJ.. JI- 'l ··.· BACKFILL _,, '• ' •'.·_.... BEDDING • OEDDING MAT'L . •, ~ ~n:·:; :··.·:,: ;: .·.·:-J:\ MAT'L. AS SPECIFIED Pl PE S CMP) _,. • a: I• 0 0 4' !MIN . D :A llx ·.,FY t... , _. 't, r ~- rli': ";)]\,'iJ:'.1:'·.~;:, ,vv.t . f , ~ I") ' BEDDING FOR UNDER CUT AND STONE REFILL g n. I 8 EDDING- TYPE 3 FLEXIBLE ~ ... _:' ?(::,: ~ . •.(: ; -'---,-.J<-¢ 1• N N N 0.D./2 , BEDDING - TYPE 2 BEDDING - TYPE I ('\J \ -.: :.' ·:>·to_ ,_ .U./-1<--i ~ / ~ . . ·:.• ··. ·: ·. ~ ·...:.. :.. ·., CLASS B •• ..• , ... ••• ; /•,/ /A/)//// /. ·::.-.•::·,,· - ..J<---~~ . .. I . z .. ' .. . .; ·,...:-..:.... :::.:.:·:·/·::;~; ··□ 0 ..:..:.·.:,.,,,·,·. ... .. ... \ ::'.!: . ·N. . .t<·....·.J-':;·o ';•. .···. ., ,• AS 'I REO'D. '11 z ci ,: �•••• --- • .• -• :- .• .• • .. - .•..• .• : , , SANITARY SEWERS 0 0 N ALTERNATIVE PIPE MATERIALS, PIPE CLASS, AND BEDDING TYPE Refer to Section 02730 - "SANITARY SEWERS" For Pipe Ma~erial and Installation Specifications. Nominal Depth of Cover to Top of PipeFeet to 6 to 10 10 to 12 3 V.C.P. (1) BEDDING TYPE GIi 0 ...., ...., 15 to 16 16 to 17 17 to 18 N l.,.J I C1' (1) (2) to 3 & 10" Type 1 12 II 15 11 Type 1 Type 1 6 II I · 8 II I - 10 11 Class 51 PIPE CLASS 12 II RCP - 15 11 TO •, 16 11 , II II II II II II II II II II II II II II Type 2 II II II Type 3 II II Type 3 Type 2 II Type 3 Type 2 Type 3 18 11 Class 50 Class 50 II Type 2 18 to 20 20 to 22 22 to 24 0 8 II Type 1 6 12 to 13 13 to 14 14 to 15 I D. I. PIPE CLASS IV V II II II II II II II II II II II l 1 3 3 II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II 11 II II II ....., .. ,,...... ... II ,... ........, ...... \;;,;;,::,:;,;;\;;,:; ......... , .. , . ,'-., .... , .. , .. , ...... , .. , ...... ·············· \i;t!;\;;\:it!;\!;\;;, .. \!; t:;\!il!: t::ri\;i ............................ .... , .. , .. , .............. ~=:~:: ::: !:: ,~:: :, !:: ,:,,:, , :, !:: , :,u, ,:, Class 51 II II II ,:-,:•► !•U•)!• ► !•>I• Over 24 -- Pipe and Bedding Per plan Details. All V.C.P to be extra strength per Section 02730 - SANITARY SEWERS. Bedding for D.I. Pipe to be Type 1. Pipe Class and Bedding shall be per above table unless otherwise shown on the Plans. Cross Hatched Areas - Use of particular pipe material not allowed. WATER MAINS Refer to Section 02665 - 11 1 1 II II II 1 1 1 II II II BEDDING TYPE III . JO" WATER MAINS" for pipe material and installation specifications. 1. Ductile Iron - All bedding shall be Type 1. Pipe class shall be minimum of Class 52, as specified as a minimum for pressure rating, or as noted on the plans. 2. Polyvinyl Chloride - Conform to Paragraph 2.01.p. of this specification. 3 3 3 �I I I I I • • • SECTION 02227 BORING, JACKING Al\1D TUNI\1ELING FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS PART 1 GENERAL 1.01 'WORK INCLUDED: The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing all plant, labor, equipment, and materials and perforrning all operations in connection with BORING, JACKING Al\TD/OR TUNNELING FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS. 1.02 RELATED WORK A. REQUIREMENTS: All work shall be carried on in a neat and satisfactory manner and interference with flow of traffic shall be kept to a minimum. B. RELATED SECTIONS: Including, but not limited to: 1. 2. C. • 1.03 001 3. 4. 5. SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION 01410 01560 02161 02222 02223 - 6. SECTION 02901 - SOILS COMPACTION Al\TD TESTING SPECIAL CONTROLS SHEETING AND BRACING EXCAVATION FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS BEDDING Al\TD BACKFILLING FOR lITILITY SYSTEMS RESTORATION Al\TD CLEAN-UP PERMITS FOR BORING, JACKING OR TUNNELING OPERATIONS: Applications for such pennits have been filed by the Owner with the respective Agency/Agencies and shall be executed by the Owner and Contractor upon fulfillment of the Administrative requirements contained herein. Whenever the specifications and plans conflict with the requirements of the pennit, the requirements of the pennit shall govern. ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREJ\fENTS A. DRAWINGS TO BE FURNISHED: The Contractor shall furnish a drawing of the jacking pit showing size, proposed location, details of sheeting and bracing, and the type and capacity of jacking and excavating equipment to be used to install the pipe for approval of the agency having jurisdiction. B. SCHEDULE OF OPERATIONS: The Contractor shall submit, with the drav.rings required above, a schedule of proposed operations showing dates he proposed to start work, daily and weekly work schedules and his estimated ti.me to complete work for each crossing called for under this Contract C. SPECIAL INSURANCE, BONDS AND PERMITS: The governing authority may require special insurance coverage and a performance bond. The Contractor shall 02227-1 �I I I I I comply with the requirements of the pennit and agency, to f umish satisfactory evidence of this special insurance and/or bonding before proceeding with any work on or within such right-of-way. D. 1.04 I I I· I I • • • • • • •II II GE:t\TERAL: Inspection costs incurred by the Owner shall be paid by the Contractor when so indicated in the supplemental technical specifications. DE VIATIO NS: \Vherever obstructions not shown on the plans are encountered during the progress of the work and interference to such an extent that an alteration in the plan is required, the Engineer shall have the authority to change the plans and order a deviation from the line and grade or arrange with the owners of the structures for the removal, relocation or reconstruction of the obstructions. If the change in plans results in a change in the amount of work by the Contractor, such altered work shall be done on the basis of payment to the Contractor for extra work or credit. A. In the event that the above mentioned CONTRACTOR DOWNTIME: interference causes the Contractor to cease operations temporarily, he shall immediately inform the Engineer through the representative on the job or the Engineer's office. The Engineer will, within one normal working day, defined as 8 hours between the hours of 7:00 A.M. and 6:00 P.M., inform the Contractor how to proceed or to move his operations to another portion of the work without any additional cost to the Owner for Contractor downtime or for relocation to another portion of the work. PART2 PRODUCTS 2.01 BACKFILL FOR UNDERCUTTING: paragraph 2.01, Backfill for Undercutting . 2.02 CASING PIPE: Shall be the size, type and class, including steel yield strength, as shown on the plans and noted herein, except as may be modified by the permit issued by the jurisdictional agency. 2.03 CASING PIPE VOID: Shall be filled using either stone, sand or grout in accordance with the specifications or as required by the pennit agency . PART3 EXECUTION 3.01 BORING, JACKING AND TUNNELING: At certain permanent pavement and railroad crossings, the Contractor shall bore and jack, or tunnel utilities in accordance with the regulations of the municipality, county, :MDOT, or transportation agency having jurisdiction. A. 001 Shall conform to Section 02223, EXCAVATION OF BORING AND TUNNELING PITS: Section 02222, Excavation for Utility Systems. 02227-2 Shall conform to �I I I I I B. 3.02 JACK.ING A. JACKING OPERATION: Bracing, backstops and jacks shall be so designed and of sufficient rating so that the jacking operation can be progressed without stoppage until the leading edge of the pipe has at least reached the limit specified in the pennit This operation shall be conducted without hand-mining ahead of the pipe or use of any type of boring or augering equipment Excavated material shall be removed from the pipe as excavation progresses, and no accumulation of such material within the pipe will be permitted. I I I •, B. PILOT TUNNEL: When jacking the larger diameters of pipe, a pilot tunnel may be constructed first to insure accuracy of grade and alignment The dimensions and support of the pilot tunnel will be optional with the Contractor subject to the approval of the Engineer but s~ch approval shall in no way relieve the Contractor of the responsibility for damage of any nature which might occur as a result of the method used or relieve the Contractor of the responsibility for maintaining proper line and grade. C. PIPE SECTION JOINTING: Concrete pipe joints shall be protected from crushing by placing a ½-inch rope or other approved. material in the joints. Welded steel plate pipe sections shall be field welded together as recommended by the manufacturer and approved. by the Engineer. I I • • • SAFETY: The boring and tunneling pit trench width shall be such that safety is provided at all times. In this regard, it shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to provide a safe trench for working at all times. Trench width and excavation shall meet all requirements of the State and Michigan Safety Inspector, the Department of Labor and MI-OSHA. Sheeting and bracing shall conform to Section 02161, Sheeting and Bracing, of these specifications. 3.03 TUNNELING: Care shall be exercised in trimming the surface of excavated sections in order that the liner pipe fits snugly against undisturbed. earth. The top of the tunnel excavation shall be supported by a cutting shield, and the excavation shall not be advanced. ahead of such support. The vertical face of the excavation shall be supported as necessary to prevent sloughing. At any interruption of the tunneling operation, the liner shall be completely bulkheaded. As soon as the liner pipe has been placed and the alignment approved, a uniform mixture of 1:6 cement to sand grout shall be placed under pressure between the liner and the surrounding earth. Grout holes for 1½-inch pipe spaced at approximately 3 feet around the periphery, and every five feet of liner shall be provided. Grouting shall start at the lowest hole and proceed upwards progressively and simultaneously on both sides of the liner. 3.04 001 BORING: 'This method employs the use of a rock roller type bit or a plate bit made up of individual roller cutter units which are solidly welded to the pipe sleeve being installed. and which turns as it is advanced. The pipe shall be turned for its entire length from the boring machine to the head to give the bit the necessary cutting action against the ground being bored. A high density slurry 02227-3 �I I (drilling mud) shall be injected through a small supply line to the head which acts as a cutter lubricant and as a liquid carrier to bring back the spoil to the boring pits. This sl1¥1)' shall be injected at the rear of the cutter unit to prevent any jutting action ahead of the pipe. The boring machine shall run on a set of steel rails and be advanced (thus advancing the pipe) by a set of hydraulic jacks. All machine operations are to be carried out from a pit constructed to the requirements of the pennit The method shall be the same whether earth or rock is being bored. Methods of a similar nature may be approved but are subject to review by the authority granting the pennit I I I I II I I I I I • • • • • • • 3.05 OBSTRUCTIONS: If an obstruction is encountered during installation to stop the forward action of the pipe, and it becomes evident that it will be impossible to advance the pipe, operations shall cease, and the pipe will be abandoned in place and filled with grout 3.06 MAINTENANCE OF TRAFFIC: \Vhen work is done in highway rights-of-way, all work shall be as previously specified. \\Then work is done in railroad rights-ofway, the Contractor shall contact the local or St.ate authorities having jurisdiction over such area regarding protection required to maintain traffic. All required protective devices and services shall be provided and maintained by the Contractor. 3.07 BACKFILLING OF BORING AND Tll1\TNELING PITS: Shall conform to Section 02223, Bedding and Backfilling for Utility Systems. Compaction shall be as specified under Section 01410, Soils Compaction and Testing. END OF SECTION 001 02227-4 �I I I I I I I I I • • • •II SECTION 02231 AGGREGATE BASE COURSE PART 1 GENERAL 1.01 WORK INCLUDED: The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing all plant, labor, equipment, and materials in connection with AGGREGATE BASE COURSE. 1.02 RELATED WORK A. REQUIREMENTS: All work shall be carried on in a neat and satisfactory manner and interference with flow of traffic shall be kept to a minimum. B. RELATED SECTIONS: Including, but not limited. to: 1. 2. SECTION 01410 SECTION 01560 - SOILS COMPACTION Al\1D TESTING SPECIAL CONTROLS PART2 PRODUCTS 2.01 AGGREGATE: Aggregate base materials shall conform to MDOT Specification 22A Series aggregate. 2.02 001 A. SINGLE SOURCE: It is the intent of these specifications to secure materials from a single source and to avoid repetitive testing of various sources of aggregate for the convenience of the Contractor. B. AGGREGATE PRODUCTION: Prior to any request to the Engineer for approval of aggregate base material, the Contractor or his supplier shall create a stockpile of an appropriate amount for the size project C. TESTING OF SOURCE: Prior to approval and placement of the aggregate base course material, an independent testing laboratory, selected. by the Engineer, shall take representative samples of aggregate base course materials from the stockpile and test said samples for compliance with the specified. aggregate gradation. Tests required for second sources or failed tests shall be paid by the Contractor. CHEMICAL ADDITIVES: Chemical additives may be calcium chloride or calcium-magnesium chloride solution. 02231-1 �I I PART 3 EXECUTION - 3.01 I I PREPARATION OF SUBGRADE: The subgrade shall be smoothed and trimmed to the required line, grade and cross-section within a tolerance of-¾ to ¾ of an inch 'to receive the base course and shall be compacted in conformance with Section 01_4 10, Soils Compaction and Testing. The subgrade thus formed shall be maintained in a smooth and compacted condition until the base course has been placed. No base course shall be placed on the subgrade until it has been approved by the Engineer. 3.02 CHEl\.1ICAL ADDITIVE: A chemical additive may be added to the aggregate base course material in conformance with MOOT specification 3.01.05 upon approval by the Engineer. 3.03 AGGREGATE BASE COURSE PLACEMENT I I II I I • • • • • • • • 3.04 A. EQUJPMENT: The use of motor graders and other approved equipment will be allowed during spreading, depositing and compacting operations. B. PLACEMENT: Where the required thickness of the aggregate base course is 6 inches or less, the material may be spread and compacted in a similar manner. The aggregate base shall have a moisture content sufficient to obtain optimum moisture content. Aggregate base shall not be placed during freezing or other unfavorable weather conditions. C. COMPACTION: The spreading work shall be followed by vibrating compactors or pneumatic tired rollers until required. density has been attained. Special care shall be exercised. to secure proper compaction adjacent to curb lines. Compaction shall conform to Section 01410, Soils Compaction and Testing. D. GRADING TOLERANCE: The finished surface shall be shaped to the specified crown and established grade to within a tolerance of-¾ to ¾ of an inch. Twentyfour (24) hours prior to placing of any surface course on the prepared base, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer, who will check the grade and crown at proper intervals to verify compliance with the grading and shaping tolerance. Any section not meeting tolerance shall be reshaped before the Engineer grants approval to place surface material. E. MAINTENANCE: The Contractor shall, without additional cost to the Owner, be required to regrade and reshape the finished surface if the surface becomes damaged during any interval between completion of base course and placing of bituminous surface material . TESTING: After placement of the aggregate base course, the finished base course shall be tested for compliance with the compaction requirements of Section 01410, Soils Compaction and Testing. END OF SECTION 001 02231-2 �I I I I I I I SECTION 02512 BITl.Th1INOUS BASE COURSE PART 1 GENERAL 1.01 WORK INCLUDED: The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing all plant, labor, equipment, and materials in connection with the construction of BITUMINOUS BASE COURSE. 1.02 RELATED WORK A. REQUIREMENTS: All work shall be carried on in a neat and satisfactory manner and interference v.rith flow of traffic shall be kept to a minimum. B. RELATED SECTIONS: Including, but not limited to: I • • • • •II 1. 2. 3. SECTION 01410 SECTION 01560 SECTION 02231 - SOILS COMPACTION MTO TESTING SPECIAL CONTROLS AGGREGATE BASE COURSE PART2 PRODUCTS 2.01 MATERIALS: The composition of the bituminous base course mix shall conform to the following aggregate and asphalt cement specifications . A. BASE COURSE: Shall be an :MDOT stabilization mix as indicated on the plans or in the specifications. B. ASPHALT CEMENT: 85-100 penetration grade asphalt cement 2.02 PROPORTIONS: The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer, for review, a laboratory Marshall mix design representative of the mixture to be placed by the Contractor. The bituminous mixture shall conform to "Composition of Bituminous Mixtures", subsection 7.10.06 of the MDOT Standard Specifications . 2.03 LABORATORY TESTING: Representative samples of the bituminous base material will be taken at the job site and submitted to an independent testing laboratory, selected by the Engineer, for determination of aggregate gradation and asphalt cement content II 001 02512-1 �I I I I II • •II PART 3 EXECUTION 3.01 SUBBASE: The aggregate subbase must be approved by the Engineer prior to placement of µie bituminous base course. Placement of aggregate subbase shall conform to Section 02231, Aggregate Base Course. Compaction of the subbase shall conform to Section 01410, Soils Compaction ~d Testing. 3.02 EQUIP1\1ENT: The bituminous base course shall be placed by means of an approved self-propelled mechanical paver or other suitable spreading equipment approved by the Engineer prior to commencement of work. 3.03 PLACEMENT: Placement of the bituminous base course shall conform to MOOT Specifications 4.00.01 through 4.00.17, except as herein modified. 3.04 S11OOTHNESS REQUIREMENTS: Shall conform to :MDOT Specification 4.00.12. E?\1D OF SECTION II 001 02512-2 �I I I I II • • • • • • • • •II SECTION 02513 BITUMINOUS LEVELING/SURFACE COURSE PART 1 GENERAL 1.01 WORK INCLUDED: The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing all plant, labor, equipment, and materials in conjunction with the construction of BITTJMINOUS LEVELING/SURFACE COURSE. 1.02 RELATED WORK A. REQUIREMENTS: All work shall be carried on in a neat and satisfactory manner and interference with flow of traffic shall be kept to a minimum . B. RELATED SECTIONS: Including, but not limited to: 1. 2. 3. 4. . SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION 01410 01560 02231 02512 - SOILS COMPACTION AND TESTING SPECIAL CONTROLS AGGREGATE BASE COURSE BTilJMINOUS BASE COURSE PART2 PRODUCTS 2.01 1\1ATERIALS: The composition of the bituminous leveling/surface course mix shall conform to one of the following :MDOT asphalt mixture specifications except modified where indicated. 001 A. LEVELING COURSE: Shall be an MDOT stabilization mix as indicated on the plans or in the specifications. B. SURFACE (TOP) COURSE: Shall be an MDOT stabilization mix as indicated on the plans or in the specifications . C. BOND COAT: Shall be an :MDOT Specification SS-lh asphalt emulsion: D. ASPHALT CE:tvIBNT: Shall have a penetration grade index of 85-100, unless otherwise indicated on the plans or in the specifications. In general, the asphalt cement content for leveling mixtures shall be 5.0 to 6.0 percent based upon percent asphalt by weight of the total mix. The bitumen content of the top course shall be designed to have up to 0.5 percent more bitumen than the optimum specified for the leveling course. 02513-1 �I I I I I I I I I I • • • • 2.02 PROPORTIONS: The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer, for review, a laboratory Marshall mix design representative of the mixture to be placed by the Contractor. The bituminous mixture shall conform to "Composition of Bituminous Mixtures", su9section 7.10.06 of the MOOT Standard Specifications. 2.03 LABO RA TORY TESTING: Representative samples of the bituminous material will be taken at the job site and submitted to an independent testing laboratory, selected by the Engineer, for determination of aggregate gradation and asphalt content PART 3 EXECUTION 3.01 ADJUSTING UTILITY CASTING AND COVERS: Shall conform to Section 02110, Site Preparation. 3.02 PLACEMENT OF BITUMINOUS MIXTURE(S) ON AN AGGREGATE BASE COURSE A. CONDIDO1\11NG AGGREGATE SURFACE: Prior to placement of the bituminous mixture(s), the aggregate surface shall be shaped to the required grade and cross-section in conformance with Section 02231, Aggregate Base Course. Where the aggregate surface is irregular, the use of a scarifier may be required. Additional aggregate shall be placed as directed by the Engineer when it is required to shape and consolidate the surface. Unless otherwise noted, the shaped surface shall be rolled to provide thorough compaction. Wetting may be required to facilitate shaping the surface and to assist in compaction of the subbase in conformance with Section 01410, Soil Compaction and Testing. The surface thus formed shall be maintained in a smooth and compacted condition until it is paved. Immediately before paving, all excess loose material remaining on the surface shall be removed to the shoulder. The length of existing road which is prepared and conditions for paving shall be determined by the Engineer. B. PLACEMENT: Placement of the bituminous base course shall conform to MOOT Specifications 4.00.01 through 4.00.17. 3.03 PLACEMENT OF BITUMJNOUS MIXTURE(S) BITUMINOUS OR CONCRETE SURFACE A. EXISTING PREP ARING EXISTING PAVEMENT 1. 001 ON Removing Bituminous Patching: Existing bituminous patches of ¾-inch thickness or more, and bituminous patches of less than ¾-inch thickness with a high bitumen content which may cause bleeding or instability, shall be removed and patched in accordance with the following paragraph, Wedging and Patching. 02513-2 �I I I I I I -I • • •II 3.04 2. Wedging and Patching: All holes and depressions in the pavement section and all spaces caused by removing old surface material shall be wedged with a Bituminous :Mixture as determined by the Engineer, placed and thoroµghly compacted by tamping or rolling in layers of not more than 2½-inches in thickness before constructing the full width of bituminous pavement 3. Pavement Joints: The existing joint fillers shall be removed to an elevation ¾-inch below the surface of the pavement by mechanical or hand methods. Where existing transverse and longitudinal pavement joints and cracks are repaired. the existing bituminous surface and any loose or spalled concrete around the joint shall be filled with Bituminous Patching Mixture (MOOT No. 1lO0L) and compacted with a machine vibrator or approved roller. The prepared pavement shall be approved by the Engineer and the Contractor before placing any bituminous concrete mixture. B. BO!\TD COAT: Prior to application of the bond coat, all existing surfaces shall be swept clean. The bond coat shall be applied at a rate of 0.10 gallons per square yard. The material shall be applied immediately ahead of paving operations for distances of 1,000 feet to 1,500 feet, depending upon traffic conditions . C. PLACEMENT: Placement of the bituminous base course shall conform to MOOT Specifications 4.00.01 through 4.00.17 . TfilCKNESS: The required bituminous material and thicbless shall be shown on the plans or in the specifications. Pavement course thicbless in excess of 2½inches shall be placed in two or more courses. 3.05 SMOOTHNESS REQUIREMENTS: Shall conform to :MDOT Specification 4.00.12. END OF SECTION 001 02513-3 �I I I i SECTION 02525 CONCRETE CURB AATJl GUTTER PART 1 GENERAL 1.01 WORK INCLUDED: The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing all plant, labor, equipment, and materials in connection with the construction of CONCRETE CURB MTD GUTTER. 1.02 RELATED 'W ORK I I -I • • • • A. REQUIREMENTS: All work shall be carried on in a neat and satisfactory manner and interference with flow of traffic shall be kept to a minimum. B. RELATED SECTIONS: Including, but not limited to: 1. 2. 3. SECTION 01560 SECTION 03001 SECTION 03600 - SPECIAL CONTROLS CONCRETE GROUT PART2 PRODUCTS 2.01 CONCRETE: Shall be Class A with a 28 day compressive strength of 3,500 psi. Materials, mixing, placing and curing shall conform to Section 03001, Concrete. 2.02 REINFORCING STEEL: Shall conform to ASTh1 A615 Grade 40. The size and location shall be as noted on the plans. 2.03 PREFORMED BITUMINOUS JOINT FILLERS: Shall consist of a bituminous mastic composition formed and encased between layers of felt, conforming to ASTM D2475. PART3 EXECUTION 3.01 BASE PREPARATION: The Contractor shall excavate or fill, as required, to within six inches of the proposed curb and gutter base. The Contractor shall place and compact a bed of sand, bank run gravel or other material equal to MDOT Granular Material Class II to bring the base to the desired grade. All tree roots 2 inches or more in diameter which are cut in conjunction with the base preparation shall be painted with Bartlett's Tree Paint, Tanglefoot Tree Paint, or equal. 001 02525-1 �I I I I I I • • • 3.02 LThTE AND GRADE: All curbs are to slope uniformly to the catch basins so that no standing water forms in the finished gutter. Grades are shown on the plans. 3.03 FORMS: Shall be of such design of steel or wood as to insure the accurate t maintenance of lines and grades and shall extend for the full depth of the required concrete. Flexible strips may be used where necessary on curves. 3.04 JOINTS: Expansion joints shall be 1-inch thick and placed at 400 foot intervals along the curb, at all street returns, within 20 feet each side of structures, and at the end of each day's pour. Contraction joints shall be placed at 40 foot maximum intervals. For both expansion and contraction joints, the reinforcing steel shall be broken each side of the joint at a distance of 6-inches minimum to 18-inches maximum. Joint filler shall extend to the full depth of the joint, and the top shall be recessed ¼- to ½-inch from the finished surface of the structure. Plain of weakness joints shall be placed every 10 feet 3.05 PLACING CONCRETE: No concrete shall be placed until the subgrade and forms have been reviewed by the Engineer. The subgrade shall be wetted and the concrete deposited to the proper depth and spaded or vibrated sufficiently to insure satisfactory consolidation prior to finishing. A. B. FINISIIlNG: The curb and gutter shall be rounded with an approved finishing tool having a radius of 1/4-inch to the dimensions shown on the standard details . Patching, when necessary shall be with concrete from the mixture used in the curb. The finished surface shall not vary more than 1/8-inch in 10 feet from the established grade when check with a 10 foot straightedge. Voids in the curb back shall be patched. with a grout mixture confonning to Section 03600, Grout CURING: Sufficient tarps or plastic sheets shall be stored on the job to prevent rain damage to the newly placed curb. Immediately after the free water has left the concrete surface, the curb shall be coated with a uniform coat of white - membrane curing compound at the rate of one gallon per 200 square feet No vehicle or foot travel shall be allowed on the _n ew curb for 96 hours. END OF SECTION 001 02525-2 �I I I I I SECTION 02528 CONCRETE SIDEWALKS PART 1 GENERAL • 1.01 WORK INCLUDED: The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing all plant, labor, equipment, and materials in connection with the construction of CONCREfE SIDEWALKS. 1.02 RELATED WORK I I I I II ' A. REQUIREMENTS: All work shall be carried on in a neat and satisfactory manner and interference with flow of traffic shall be kept to a minimum. B. RELATED SECTIONS: Including, but not limited to: 1. 2. SECTION O1560 SECTION 03001 - SPECIAL CONTROLS CONCRETE PART2 PRODUCTS 2.01 CONCRETE: Shall be air entrained 6 sack mix with a 28 day compressive strength of 3,500 psi. Materials, mixing, placing and curing shall conform to Section 03001, Concrete. 2.02 PREFORMED BITUMINOUS JOINT FILLERS: PART3 EXECUTION 3.01 BASE PREPARATION: The sidewalk base shall consist of a minimum of four inches of compacted sand or other materials equal to MDOT Granular Material Class ill. In areas of existing granular subbase, the natural base may be used. In areas of existing unstable base material, the Contractor shall excavate the unstable material, as directed by the Engineer and place and compact sand or other material equal to :MDOT Granular Material Class II. All tree roots 2-inches or more in diameter which are cut in conjunction with the base preparation shall be painted with Bartlett's Tree Paint, Tanglefoot Tree Paint, or equal. 3.02 FORMS: Shall be clean and straight, composed of wood or metal. The forms Shall consist of a bituminous mastic composition formed and encased between layers of felt, conforming to ASTh1 D2475. shall be staked to line and grade in a manner that will prevent deflection or settlement Forms shall be clean and oiled before placing concrete. Removal shall not take place in less than 12 hours after placement of concrete. 001 · 02528-1 �I I I I I I I 3.03 full depth of the sidewalk, at driveways, and where the new walk abuts existing concrete structures. Contraction joints shall be formed every 5 feet or as requested by the Owner. All joints shall be constructed at right angles to the centerline of the sidewalk. 3.04 PLACING CONCRETE: The subgrade shall be thoroughly wetted and the concrete deposited. thereon to the proper depth. Concrete shall be spaded along the forms, compressed and struck off flush with the top of the forms. The surface shall be floated with a steel float, edges and joints properly tooled.a nd then finished with a wood float or brush as required to provide a non-slip surface. 3.05 CURING: Sufficient tarps or plastic sheets shall be stored on the job to prevent rain damage to the newly placed sidewalk. Immediately after the free water has left the concrete surface, the sidewalk shall be coated with a uniform coat of white membrane curing compound at the rate of one gallon per 200 square feet No vehicular or foot traffic shall be allowed on the new sidewalk for 96 hours after pouring. ••, ' JOINTS: 0.50-inch transverse expansion joint shall be placed every 50 feet the ' 1: I END OF SECTION ... 001 02528-2 �I I I I SECTION 02665 WATER MAINS • PART 1 GENERAL 1.01 WORK INCLUDED: The work covered by thls section of the specifications consists of furnishing all pl211t, labor, equipment, and materials in conjunction with the installation of WATER ~INS. 1.02 RELATED WORK A. REQUIREMENTS: All work shall be carried on in a neat and satisfactory manner and interference with flow of traffic shall be kept to a minimum. B. RELATED SECTIONS: Including, but not limited to: 1. 2. 3. 4. SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION 5. 6. SECTION 02901 SECTION 02715 - 7. SECTION 03001 - 01410 01560 02222 02223 - SOILS COMPACTION MTI TESTING SPECIAL CONTROLS EXCAVATION FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS BEDDING A:t--iTI BACKFILLING FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS RESTORATION M1D CLEAN-UP CONCRETE UTILITY MANHOLES AND CATCH BASINS CONCRETE 1.03 SUB MITT ALS: Detailed material lists, specifications, and written certification, for all materials furnished under thls section of the specification shall be submitted to the Engineer for review. PART2 PRODUCTS 2.01 MATERIALS: Shall be new and of the type as specified herein or the standard of the governing agency, as noted on the plans. · A. WATER MAIN PIPE General Requirements: a. 002 Material Selection: Unless specifically shown on the plans or listed in the form of proposal to be a specific material, the Contractor may elect to utilize any of the following materials subject to specifications and size limitations outlined below. 02665-1 �I I I I I I 2. b. Single Material Requirement: Unless otherwise approved by the Engineer, a single material shall be used for all water main in the contract If multiple pipe materials are permitted, the change in • materials shall be accomplished at normal junctions such as valves or fittings. c. Pipe Markings: All pipe delivered to the job site shall bear the marks required by the ANSI/AWWA specification. Ductile Iron (D.1.) : Shall conform to ANSI/AWWA C151/Al21.51 and the following: a. Class and Size: Unless otherwise noted on the plans, pipe wall thickness shall be a minimum of Class 52., Ductile iron may be used for six inch (6") and larger diameter pipe. b. Exterior Coating: Bituminous, 1 mil thick. c. Lining: Standard thickness cement-mortar confonning to ANSI/AWWA C104/A21.4. d. Polyethylene Encasement: ANSI/AWWA Cl05/A21.5. e. Flanged Joints: ASA Oass 125. f. Mechanical Joints and Push-on Joints: ANSI/AWWA Clll/A21.ll, bolts and nuts shall be high strength corrosion resistant alloy with hex head nuts. g. Fittings: Ductile iron or cast iron, cement-mortar lined, confonning to ANSI/AWWA C110/A21.10. h. Electrical Continuity: Bronze wedges or continuity straps. i I I II II II II ,. "Ill Ill , 3. 002 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Shall conform to ANSI/AWW A C900. a. Class and Size: SDR 18 wall thickness, six (6) inch through twelve (12) inch diameter. b. Joints: Integral wall-thickened bell and spigot with elastomericgasket confonning to ASTM D3139. c. Fittings: Shall conform to paragraph 2.01.A.2.g. above. 02665-2 �I I I I I B. VALVES 1. I I I 2. 002 General Requirements: a. Working Pressure: 150 psi minimum. b. Joints: Unless otherwise indicated on the plans or valve schedule, mechanical joint conforming to ANSI/AWWA Cl 11/A21.1 l. End flanges, if specified, shall be ANSI B 16.1 Class 125. c. Direction of Opening: Agency standard. Resilient Seated Gate Valves: Shall conform to ANSI/AWWA C509 and the following: a. Body Construction: ASTM A126 Class B, cast iron. b. Operator: Hex nut, unless otherwise indicated on the plans or the valve schedule. c. Manufacturer. Kennedy Valve, Waterous or equal. C. VALVE BOXES: Cast iron, screw type, three (3) piece; cover shall be furnished marked "Water". EJIW series 6860 or agency standard. D. VALVE EXTENSION STEMS: Where valves are used with valve boxes, the depth to the top of the valve operating nut shall not be greater than 5½ feet. Where the water main is buried at a depth where the normal valve operating nut will be at a depth greater than 5½ feet, a valve extension stem with operating nut shall be provided and mechanically attached to the valve to provide an operating nut at the 5½ foot depth. E. HYDRANTS: Shall conform to ANSI/AWWA C503 and the following: L Type and Size: Break.away traffic flange; 5¼-inch main valve seat 2. Connections: Two (2), 2½-inch hose nozzles and 1 pumper connection; agency standard threads. 3. Direction·_ of Opening: Agency standard. 4. Manufacturer. EJIW Model 5-BR, or approved equal. 02665-3 �I I I • • • • • F. SERVICE LEAD, CORPORATION STOP, CURB VALVE AND CURB BOX 1. Service Lead Pipe: ASTM B88 type k annealed seamless copper water tube qf the size indicated on the plans. Fittings shall be flared type. 2. Corporation Stop: Mueller H-15000, Hays "Nuseal", or approved equal. Corporation sizes exceeding the maximum for three (3) full threads shall utilize an· appropriate service clamp, Mueller H-10526 through H-10537, or approved equal. 3. Curb Valves: Mueller H-15204, Oriseal, or approved equal. 4. Curb Box: Mueller H-10350, or approved equal . 2.02 BEDDING :MATERIAL: Shall conform to section 02223, Bedding and Backfilling for Utility Systems . 2.03 MAt\THOLES: Shall be precast concrete confonning to Section 02715, Concrete Utility Manholes and Catch Basins. PART3 EXECUTION 3.01 WATER MAIN INSTALLATION 002 A. GEl\TERAL: Installation shall be in accordance with ANSI/AWWA C600 for ductile iron pipe; ASTM D2774 for PVC pipe and the following: B. LA YING PIPE: Pipe shall be laid with the bell ends facing the direction of laying, unless otherwise directed or allowed by the Engineer. C. LOCATION: As indicated on the plans. Maintain at least a ten feet separation from any sewer, unless specifically indicated on the plans. D. GRADE AND ALIGNMENT: Provide cover of 6 feet, unless otherwise indicated on the plans. E. WET TRENCH LAYING: When the trench contains water, open ends of the pipe shall be closed by a watertight plug. 'This provision shall apply during the noon hour as well as overnight F. PIPE BEDDING: Shall conform to Section 02223, Bedding and Backfilling for Utility Systems. G. PIPE ENCASEMENT: Ductile iron pipe, bedded in an area of aggressive soil such as peat, shall be encased in a polyethylene encasement 02665-4 �H. ELECfRJCAL CON1Th11.JITY: Unless otherwise noted on the plans, electrical continuity shall be provided for ductile iron pipe. I. LOCATING ,PROVISIONS: A suitable means for magnetically locating PVC water main shall be provided and approved by the Engineer in writing prior to construction. J. THRUST BLOCKS: Shall be made of Class B, poured-in-place concrete, placed at all bends, dead ends, tees, reducers, hydrants and valves, as required. 1. 2. Thrust Table: Shall be used for sized noted. For larger si~ the details will be shown on the plans. Area in square feet of concrete thrusting against undisturbed eanh shall be computed by dividing the total thrust by the safe bearing load of the soil. Thrust Main Size Tee or Plug 90° Bend 45° Bend 4" 6" 8" 10" 12" 14" 16" 18" 20" 2,840 5,800 8,900 14,800 20,900 28,000 36,200 4,000 8,200 14,000 21,000 30,000 40,000 51,000 2,100 4,300 7,400 11,000 15,500 21,000 27,000 34,000 37,500 45,400 64,000 55,800 79,000 22½ 0 Bend · Bend 1,100 2,300 3,900 5,800 8,200 11,000 14,200 17,800 21,800 600 1,100 2,000 2,900 4,100 5,500 7,100 8,900 11,000 11¼0 Safe Bearing Loads for Soils (Horizontal Thrust): Safe Bearing Load Lbs. per Sq. Ft Muck, Peat, etc. Soft Clay Sand Sand Sand and Gravel cemented w/clay Hard compacted clay 3. 002 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 Thrust Blocks in Unstable Soil Conditions: Thrust shall be resisted by piling driven to solid foundations or by removal of unstable soil material and replacement with ballast of sufficient stability to resist thrust 1brust 02665-5 �I l • • • C. INSTALLATION WITH CASING: In unstable soils, as determined by the Project Manager, the combination of boring and jacking simultaneously shall be utilized providing the cutting edge of the auger does not advance ahead of the casing. Casing diam~ter shall not e~ceed the diameter of the service lead by more than one inch. Casing pipe may be removed at the Contractor's option . D. BORING INSTALLATION: agency/utility . E. CONl\TECTION TO EXISTING SERVICES: Connections to existing water services with like material shall be made with standard couplings; connections of dissimilar materials shall be made with appropriate couplings with Nylon dielectric bushings. HYDROSTATIC TESTING 3.05 A. GENERAL: Upon completion of installation of the water main and appurtenances, the Contractor shall furnish all apparatus, materials, labor and water required to perform the pressure tests in accordance with Section 4, Hydrostatic Testing, ANSI/AWW A C600 and the following: B. PRE-TEST PROCEDURES: . The Contractor shall open all valves, including hydrant auxiliary valves, and then completely fill the line with water with a special emphasis upon removing all air from the pipe, valves or hydrants. If necessary, the Contractor shall install additional corporation stops at high points to allow the air to be expelled. C. PRELIMINARY. TEST: A preliminary pressure test by the Contractor shall be accomplished. Any leaks encountered shall be corrected and the test shall be rerun until results_are satisfactory. D. FINAL PRESSURE AND LEAKAGE TEST: Shall conform to ANSI/AWWA C600, Hydrostatic Testing, in the presence of the Engineer, who shall receive 24 hours notice prior to testing. If it is necessary for the Engineer to observe more than one test on any section of mainline, the Contractor shall be liable for the additional cost involved for observation of subsequent tests. E. LEAK REPAIR: The Contractor shall provide all labor and materials, etc., as required to repair any leaks, or otherwise required to meet these tests; all leaks shall be repaired, _regardless of the amount of leakage. Water damage resulting from flushing or testing proc¢ures shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. 3.06 DISU\1FECTION A. 002 Shall conform to the requirement of the local GENERAL: Procedures shall conform to ANSI/AWWA C651, and the following: 02665-7 �B. PRELTh1INARY FLUSHING: After the pressure test and before disinfection, the Contractor shall flush out the new pipe lines until the water runs clear. Each valved section of the newly laid pipe shall be flushed separately with potable water from tfue public supply. C. DISINFECITON: The Contractor shall disinfect the new mains in increments designated by the Engineer. Samples shall be ta.ken from corporation stops only. If mains dead end at hydrants, with no adjacent valve, the Contractor shall install an additional corporation stop for sampling. D. BACTERIOLOGICAL WATER SAMPLES: Shall be collected by the Contractor, or his duly authorized representative, in the presence of the Engineer, in confonnance with ANSI/AWWA C651. Two successive safe tests ta.ken 24 hours apart are required; analysis shall be made by a State approved laboratory. E. FAILING TESTS: In the event of an unsafe test, the test shall be repeated as described above . . The Contractor shall be responsible for the tests and shall be liable for any costs when more than one treatment or set of tests is necessary. END OF SECTION 002 02665-8 �I I I • • • SECTION 02715 CONCRETE UTILITY l\1ANlIOLES AND CATCH BASINS PART 1 GENERAL 1.01 WORK INCLUDED: The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing all plant, labor, equipment, and materials in connection with CONCRETE UTILITY MAi'\tiOLES M1D CATCH BASINS. 1.02 RELATED WORK A. REQUIREMENTS: All concrete utility manholes, including catch basins and valve vaults, shall be installed in accordance with the details indicated on the drawings and these specifications. B. RELATED SECTIONS: Including, but not limited to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. SECTION 01410 SECTION 01560 SECTION 02222 SECTION 02223 SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION 02665 02722 02732 02901 03001 03600 - SOILS COMPACTION M1D TESTING SPECIAL CONrROLS EXCAVATION FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS BEDDIN'G AND BACKFILLING FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS WATER MAINS STORM SEWERS SANITARY SEWER RESTORATION AND CLEAN-UP CONCRETE GROUT 1.03 Detailed material lists and specifications for all materials furnished under this section of the specification shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval. Submittals shall be in accordance with Section 2.12 of the GENERAL CONDffiONS. . PART2 PRODUCTS 2.01 PRECAST SECTIONS: Precast sections shall conform to ASTM C478. Sewer pipe opening connections to precast concrete manholes shall conform to the following specifications: SUBMITf ALS: A. 001 SANITARY SEWERS: Manhole pipe connections shall be furnished with an integrally cast seal system, equal to "A-Lok", "Kor-N-Seal", "Lock Joint Flexible Manhole Sleeves", or equal. Sanitary manholes shall have integral concrete manhole bases. Manhole sections joints shall be of the O-ring rubber joint type or preformed type of butyl sealant material. All pipe openings shall be case in the 02715-1 �I I I B. •- STORM SEWER:Manhole pipe connections shall be with a non-shrink grout Manhole section joints shall be of the mastic joint type or butyl rubber sealant type unless otherwise shown on the drawings. C. VALVE MANHOLES M1D OTIIBR STRUCI1JRES: Details and joints shall conform to the drawings. • • • • precast section or cored in the finished wall. Broken and patched connections will not be accepted. MA1"-UIOLE ADJUSTING BRICK: 2.02 Shall be concrete units conforming to ASTM C55. 2.03 MAI\TJIOLE ADJUSTING RING: Shall be standard precast reinforced concrete rings ·with a minimum of rn·o inch height and a maximum of 6 inch height 2.04 MAmIOLE STEPS: Shall be furnished in all manholes unless otherwise noted on the plans, and shall be Co-Polymer Polypropylene Plastic manhole steps reinforced with 3/8" deformed_reinforced bar. Manhole steps shall be of the pressfit type with serrated type treat and lugs. Steps shall not be cast in wall. Steps shall be spaced at sixteen inches on center in a true vertical alignment unless shown otherwise on the drawings. 2.05 FRAMES AND COVERS: The cast iron frames and covers shall conform to the castings noted on the plans or in the specifications. Cover lettering shall be included when specified. It is the intention of this specification to provide frames and covers considered standard in the Owner's system. 2.06 GROUT: Shall conform to Section 03600, Grout 2.07 CONCRETE: Shall conform to Section 03001, Concrete. PART3 EXECUTION 3.01 IN'STALLATIO N: Utility manholes shall be constructed of precast concrete sections including risers, adjusting rings and precast tops of eccentric cone or flat slab type, as indicated on the drawings. A. UTILITY MAI\THOLE AND CATCH BASINS 1. Precast Concrete: Precast bottoms or bases shall be set on uniform bedding of 8 inches of compacted sand or existing granular material as approved by the Engineer. When water is encountered in the trench, bases shall be set on a minimum of 12 inches of stone fill conforming to MDOT 6A. 001 02715-2 �I 2. I I '• • •.. Integral Base: The Contractor, at his option, may use integral cast base and riser sections confonning to ASlM C478, except that integral bases shall be used on all sanitary sewer manholes. B. PRECAST CONCRETE RISERS: Shall be set plumb and manhole steps shall be aligned to forin a continuous ladder. Joints between manhole sections shall utilize rubber O-rings or preformed butyl rubber sealant material for sanitary sewer manholes and shall utilize mastic or preformed butyl rubber sealant for storm manholes, catch basins and valve vaults unless otherwise shown on the drawings . C. CASTINGS: Shall be installed as specified below: E. 1. Sanitary Sewer Manholes and Valve Vaults: Castings shall be set on precast concrete adjusting rings with a minimum adjustment of 4 inches and a maximum of 12 inches. Casting and rings shall be set in grout unless otherwise called for on the drawings. 2. Storm Sewer Manholes and Catch Basins: Castings shall be set on precast concrete adjusting rings with a minimwn adjustment of 4 inches and a maximum of 12 inches or, if allowed on the drawings, adjusting brick may be used. 3. Casting Elevations: Where castings are to be flush with permanent pavements, the Contractor shall adjust the frame to the proper grade. Where castings are on flat slab tops in non-paved areas, they shall be set flush with finish earth grade unless shown otherwise. 4. Finish: The interior and exterior surface of adjustment rings or bricks shall be tooled to give a smooth finish coat of grout DROP PIPES: Shall be constructed at sanitary manholes wherever the difference in elevation between any inlet and outlet sewer is more than two vertical feet or as noted in the plans. All drop pipes shall be encased in concrete and shall conform to the drawing details. All drop pipes shall be exterior unless othernise noted on the plans. F. 3.02 FLOW CHMTNELS: Shall be constructed in manhole bottoms with mechanically mixed concrete. Flow channel depth shall be a minimum of ½ the pipe diameter and concrete thickness shall be a minimum of 4 inches measured from the top of the base to the bottom of the flow channel. Where the grade of sewer is continuous through the manhole, the Contractor may lay the pipe through the manhole, fill around the pipe with concrete and carefully break out or cut out the top of the sewer pipe. TESTING: All sanitary sewer manholes shall be tested in conformance with Section 02732, Sanitary Sew~rs. The Contractor shall repair any leaks, flaws or irregularities in any manholes or catch basins. El\TD OF SECTION 001 02715-3 �I I I I I • • SECTION 02717 SEWAGE FORCE MAINS PART 1 GENERAL ' 1.01 WORK INCLUDED: The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing all plant, labor, equipment, and materials in connection with SEWAGE FORCE MAINS. 1.02 RELATED WORK: All items herein specified shall be adjusted to be compatible with the standard units used by the Owner in his present system. The items shall be of a quality level specified herein, and may be modified as called for herein or on the plans . ~ A. REQUIREMENTS: All work shall be carried on in a neat and satisfactory manner and interference with flow of traffic shall be kept to a minimum. B. RELATED SECTIONS: Including, but not limited to: 1. 4. SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION 5. SECTION 02715 - 6. SECTION 02901 SECTION 03001 - 2. 3. 7. 01410 01560 02222 02223 - SOILS COMPACTION AND TESTING SPECIAL CONTROLS EXCAVATION FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS BEDDING Ai-...1D BACK.FILLING FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS CONCRETE UTILITY MANHOLES AND CATCH BASINS RESTORATION Mm CLEAN-UP CONCRETE 1.03 SUB MITT ALS: PART2 PRODUCTS 2.01 PIPES AA'D JOINTS: Shall be of the type as listed herein meeting the specifications_noted. Unless specifically shown on the plans or listed in the form of proposal to be a specific material, the Contractor may elect to utilize any of the following materials subject to specifications and size limitations herein specified. Unless specifically approved by the Engineer, a single material shall be used for the total of each size main in the Contract All pipe delivered to the job site shall bear the marks required by the ANSI/AWWA specification. 001 Detailed material lists and specifications for all materials furnished under this section of the specification shall be submitted to the Engineer for review. Submittals shall be in accordance with Section 2.12 of the GENERAL CONDIDONS. 02717-1 �f f f A. • • • B. C. DUCTILE IRON (D.I.): Shall conform to ANSI/AWWA C151/A21.51 unless otherwise noted on the plans. Pipe wall thickness shall be a minimum of Class 52. Pipe shall be standard thickness cement-mortar per ANSI/AWWA C104/A21.4, with the standprd exterior bituminous coating. Ductile iron may be used for four inch (4") and larger diameter pipe. 1. Flanged Joints: Shall conform to ASA Class 125. 2. Mechanical Joints and Push-On Joints: Shall conform to AN.SI/A WW A Cl l l/A21.11. Bolts and nuts shall be of high strength corrosion resistant alloy with hex head nuts . 3. Fittings and Specials: Shall conform to ANSI/AWWA Cll0/A21.10 and may be either ductile or cast iron and shall be standard thickness cementmortar lined per ANSI/AWWA Cl04/A21.4. 4. . Polyethylene Encasement: Shall conform to ANSI/AWW A C105/A21.5. POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC): Shall conform to ANSI/AWWA C900, pressure class 150. Minimum pipe wall thickness shall be DR 18. All pipe shall have a "home" mark. PVC may be used for four inch (4") through twelve inch (12") diameter pipe. 1. Joints: Shall be of the elastomeric gasket, push-on type confonning to ASTM D3139. 2. Fittings and Specials: Shall conform to AN.SI/AWWA C110/A21.10 for ductile iron, mechanical joint fittings with suitable adapters or gaskets as required by the pipe manufacturer. Fittings and specials shall be standard thickness cemenf-mortar lined per ANSI/AWW A Cl04/A21.4. POLYETI-IYLENE (PE) PIPE AND FITTINGS: Shall be manufactured from a high density, high molecular weight polyethylene base resin confonning to ASTM D 1248 Type III, Class C, Category 5, Grade P34. Polyethylene may be used for one inch (1 ") and larger diameter pipe. 1. Minimum Cell Classification Values: As referenced to ASTM D-3350 shall be: a. b. 2. 001 , 335433C: With a minimum pipe wall thickness of SDR 9.3, rated at not less than 150 psL · 335434C: With a minimum pipe wall thickness of SDR 11.0, rated at not less than 150 psL Joints: Shall be made by thermal butt-fusion conforming to ASTM D-2657. All joints shall be made in accordance with the procedures and 02717-2 �joining equipment recommended by the pipe manufacturer and approved by the Engineer. 3. D. 2.02 LOCATING PROVISIONS: A suitable means for magnetically locating PVC or PE forcemain shall be installed with the PVC or PE forcemain and shall be approved by the Engineer in writing prior to construction. BEDDING: Shall conform to Section 02223, Bedding and Backfilling for Utility Systems. A. DUCTILE IRON (D.L): Shall be Type 1 Bedding for Rigid Pipe unless otherwise specified on the plans. B. POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) AND POLYETIIYLENE (PE): Shall conform to Section 02223, paragraph 3.05.B, F1exible Pipe Bedding. 2.03 001 Joint ,and Equipment Testing: Prior to the installation of the pipe, a specimen of a butt-fusion pipe joint, made with the joining equipment to be used on the project, shall be submitted to an independent testing laboratory selected by the Engineer and tested in conformance with AS1M D638, or certified standard data sheets indicating acceptable test results have been made on similar joints. VALVES A. GATE VALVES: Shall be iron body, fully bronze mounted, double disc, parallel seat type, opening confonning to ASTM B132 (Grade Ill cast bronze) non-rising stem and nut, unless otherwise called for, and confonning to ANSI/A WW A C500, Traverse City Iron Works ([CIW), Ea.st Jordan Iron Works (EJIW), or equal. Valves shall be supplied with mechanical joint ends unless otherwise specified on the plans or in the specifications. The design working pressure shall be a minimum of 150 psi unless otherwise noted on the plans. B. VALVE BOXES: Shall be cast iron, screw type, two piece, consisting of the base and the top section. The length shall be adjusted by means of threads cast into the top and base sections. A cover shall be furnished. The base shall be 5 1/4-inch and have a range of extension of 51-82 inches. The valve boxes shall be TCI\V A297, Clow F-2454, or equal. C. AIR RELEASE VALYES: Shall be designed to operate under pressure and open to vent entrapped air and gases from the sewage force main. After entrapped air · and gases are vented, the valve shall close to prevent clogging of the valve mechanism. The body and cove.r shall be cast iron with all internal parts of stainless steel or other acceptable material to prevent corrosion. The valve shall be complete with acce4ssories necessary for installation including an inlet shut-off valve, 1" clean out valve, and an ½" shut-off valve for back flushing with quick disconnect couplings and back flushing hose. The inlet shall be 2" unless otherwise noted on the plans. Valves shall be rated for not less than 150 psi 02717-3 �working pressure and be APCO, Val-Matic Corporation, or equal, specifically designed for use on sewage forcemains. PART3 EXECUTION 3.01 HANDLING OF PIPE: Proper and suitable tools and appliances shall be used for the safe and careful handling, conveying and laying of the pipe. Care shall be taken to prevent the coating of pipe from being damaged. Dropping mat'!rial directly from a truck or platform will not be permitted. All pipes and castings shall be carefully examined for defects. If any materials are found to be defective, they shall be removed from the site. A. CLEANING PIPE AND Fl I I INGS: All lumps, blisters and excess coal tar or other material shall be removed from the bell and spigot end of each pipe and fitting. The outside of the spigot and the inside of the bell shall be brushed and wiped clean, dry and free from oil or grease prior to laying. The inside of the pie shall be brushed in order to remove all dirt and debris. Any damage to exterior pipe coating shall be repaired with an approved coating before the pipe is laid. B. LAYING PIPE: Pipe shall be laid with the spigot ends facing the direction of flow. Under no circumstances shall pipe be dropped directly into the trench. Precautions shall be taken to prevent foreign material from entering the pipe while it is being placect After placing a length of pipe in the trench, the spigot end shall be centered in the bell, and the pipe forced home to correct line and grade. At all times, the open ends of the pipe shall be covered to prevent foreign matter from entering. If cuts of full lengths of pipe are required, the cut end shall be trimmed, beveled or otherwise prepared for jointing as recommended by the pipe manufacturer. Only lubricants recommended by the pipe manufacturer shall be used as recommended in joint assembly. 3.02 001 GRADE AND ALIGl'\1MENT: All forcemains shall be installed to provide an overall cover of 6 feet, unless otherwise indicated. on the drawings. The location of the forcemain is indicated on the drawings. Special care shall be taken to avoid any air pockets within the forcemain. If high points are constructed in the forcemain other than those shown on the plans or authorized by the Engineer, the Contractor shall install an air release valve at each high point at no additional cost by the Owner. A. PIPE DEFLECTION: Where curved lines, laid without fittings, are shown on the plans, or are necessary to avoid obstructions, the pipe may be deflected horizontally or vertically at each joint within the published recommended limits recommended by the pipe manufacturer. Deflections in excess of the allowable deflection shall be made by using standard fittings. B. VIET 1RENCH LA YING: When the trench contains water, the open ends of pipe shall be closed by a watertight plug. This provision shall apply during the noon 02717-4 �• • • hour as well as overnight If water is in the trench, the seal shall remain in place until the trench is pumped completely dry. 3.03 PIPE BEDDING: Shall conform to Section 02223, Bedding and Backfill for Utility Systems. Ductile iron· pipe, bedded in an area of aggressive soil such as peat, shall be encased in a polyethylene encasement 3.04 THRUST BLOCK: Shall be made of Class B, poured-in-place concrete, and placed at all bends noted below. Area in square feet of concrete thrusting against undisturbed earth shall be computed by dividing the total thrust by the safe bearing load of the soil. Thrust and safe bearing loads for soils are shown in the following tables: A. THRUST TABLE: Shall be used for sizes noted. For larger sizes, the details will be shown on the plans. Thrust Main Size Bend 45° Bend 22½ 0 Bend 4,000 8,200 14,000 21,000 30,000 4(),000 51,000 64,000 79,ooq 2,100 4,300 7,400 · 11,000 · 15,500 21,000 27,000 34,000 37,500 1,100 2,300 900 11¼0 Bend ·' 4" 6'' 8" 10'' 12" 14" 16" 18" 20" B. 3,900 5,800 8,200 11,000 14,200 17,800 21,000 600 1,100 2,000 2,900 4,100 5,500 7,100 8,900 11,000 SAFE BEARING LOADS FOR SOILS (HORIZONTAL lBRUST): Safe Bearing Load Lbs. per Sq. Ft Muck, Peat, etc. Soft Clay Sand Sand and Gravel Sand and Gravel cemented w/clay Hard compacted clay C. 001 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 THRUST BLOCKS IN PEAT: In muck or peat, all thrust shall be resisted by piling.driven to solid foundations or by removal of muck or peat and replacement with ballast of sufficient stability to resist thrusts. In all cases, thrust block size and method of thrusting must be approved by the Engineer before the thrust block is poured. 02717-5 �1. D. Special 111.rust Containment: Using joint ties and containing thrust within the pipe will be considered by the Engineer upon a definite proposal of methods submitted by the Contractor. Only methods retaining the freedom of joints to bend will be considere.d. GENERAL: A detail of standard thrust blocks is included at the back of this specification section showing typical blocks for a 2,000 psf safe bearing capacity. If the soil capacity is different than 2,000 psf, the bearing area will be varied accordingly, but the general arrangement shall be as shown. 3.05 AIR RELEASE AATI CLEANOUT STRUCTURES: The Contractor shall install air release and cleanout structures as indicated on the drawings. Structures shall conform to Section 02715, Concrete Utility Manholes and Catch Basins. 3.06 RESTORATION AATJ) CLEAN-UP: Restoration and ~lean-up. 3.07 PRESSURE Al\1D LEAKAGE TESTING: The Contractor shall furnish all apparatus and water required to perform the pressure and leakage tests, and shall outline this equipment to the Engineer for.his approval prior to any testing. A. PRE-TEST PROCEDURES: The Contractor shall provide any temporary plugs and blocking as required for the test, and then completely fill the line with water with a special emphasis upon removing all air from the pipe. B. PRELIM:INARY TEST: Lines shall be given a preliminary pressure test by the Contractor to ascertain if there are any major lea.ks. After any leaks are corrected, the test shall be rerun until results are satisfactory. C. FINAL PRESSURE AND LEAKAGE TEST: Shall conform to ANSI/AWWA C600 - Hydrostatic Testing, in the presence of the Engineer, who shall receive 24 hours notice prior to testing. The test pressure shall be at least 150 psi measured at the highest point in the line. If it is necessary for the Engineer to observe more than one test, the Contr~ctor shall be liable for the additional cost involved for observation of subsequent tests. D. GENERAL: The Contractor shall provi_de all labor and materials, etc., as required to repair any lea.ks, or otherwise required to meet these tests. All visible leaks shall be repaired, regardless of the amount of leakage. Any excavation or construction required shall be done as previously required herein. 1. Water: For filling and testing will be supplied by the Contractor. END OF SECTION 001 Shall conform to Section 02901, 02717-6 �ELBOWS P I PE DIA . INCHES 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 ELBONS 'A' BEAR ING AREA-SOUARE FEET FEET 90° .75 .75 .75 .75 .75 .75 .75 .75 .75 2.0 4. I 7.0 10.5 14.8 19. 8 25. 6 32.2 39.4 45° 22-112° I 1-1 ;4c 0.6 I. 2 2.0 2.9 4. I 5.5 0.3 0.6 I .0 I .5 2 .0 2.7 3.5 I. I 2.2 3,7 5.5 7.8 10.4 13.5 16 .9 18.8 7. I 8.9 10.9 4.4 5.5 ALL BLOCKS -SKAL L BE PLACED AGAINST · iNDISTURBED EARTH i:::;=~ TEES, PLUGS 8. HYOOANTS NOMINAL PIPE DIA. PIPE DIA. INCHES 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 a 'A' FEET BEAqlNG AREA SQU!I.RE FEET .75 .75 . 75 .75 . 75 .75 .75 .75 .75 JOINTS SHALL BE KEPT CLEAR OF CONCRE1E. I_ B:)LTS, FITTINGS 2. A BEARING CAPACITY OF 2<:::IXjlf- PER FOOT WAS \£ED IN DE1ERMINING THE Ml NIMUM I BEARING AREAS' IN THE ABO/E TABl..£S. THE CROSS SECTION OF THE lliRUST BLOCKS SHALL E£ APPROXIMATELY 3. * SQUARE. THIS DIMENSION SHALL BE INCREASED AS REQUIRED TO PROVIDE LARGER BEARING AREAS. THRUST BLOCK NO SCALE 02717-7 DETAIL I .5 2.9 4.9 7.4 10.5 14.0 18. I 22. 7 27_ 8 �SECTION 02722 STORM SEWERS PART 1 GENERAL 1.01 WORK INCLUDED: The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing all plant, labor, equipment, and materials in connection with the installation of STORM SEWERS. 1.02 RELATED 'WORK A. REQUIREMENTS: All work shall be carried on in a neat and satisfactory manner and interference with flow of traffic shall be kept to a minimum. B. RELATED SECTIONS: Including, but not limited to: 1. 2. 3. 4. SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION 5. SECTION 02715 - 6. SECTION 02901 SECTION 03001 SECTION 03600 - 7. 8. 01410 01560 02222 02223 - SOILS COMPACTION AND TESTING SPECIAL CONTROLS EXCAVATION FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS BEDDING AND BACKFILLING FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS CONCRETE UTILITY MM1HOLES AND CATCH BASINS RESTORATION Al\1D CLEAN-UP CONCRETE GROUT 1.03 SUBMIITALS: Detailed material lists and specifications for all materials furnished under this section of the specification shall be submitted to the Engineer for review. Submitta.ls shall be in accordance with Section 2.12 of the GENERAL CONDIDONS. 1.04 CERTIF1CATION OF MATERIALS: When requeste.d, the Contractor shall furnish certification that all materials meet the requirements set forth in the plans and specifications. Source of the certification shall be determine.d by the Engineer. PART2 PRODUCTS 2.01 SEWER PIPES AND JOINTS: Shall be new unless noted on the plans and shall be stored and handled as recommended by the manufacturer. The size, type, and class shall be as shown on the plans or noted in the specifications. All pipe shall be marked with the class and date of manufacture by the manufacturer. 001 02722-1 �A. NON-REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE (CSP): Shall conform to ASTh1 C14, Class 3 unless othen,,rise noted on the plans with acceptance on the basis of plant load bearing tests, material tests, and inspection of manufactured pipe for visual defects and imperfections. B. REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE (RCP):Shall conform to ASTM C76 with acceptance on the basis of plant load bearing tests, material tests, and inspection of manufactured pipe for visual defects and imperfections. C. CORRUGATED PIPE: specified herein. 1. Corrugated Metal Pipe (C:MP): Shall be standard 2-2/3" x 1/2" pipe unless otherwise specified on the plans. The pipe shall conform to AASHTO M36 galvanized CMP. All buried pipe shall have a suitable bituminous coating. 2. Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe: Shall conform to AASHTO M-294. Joints shall be made using couplings which are corrugated to match the pipe corrugations and shall be of a width of not less than one-half the nominal pipe diameter. Corrugated polyethylene pipe shall be ADS N-12, or equal. D. END SECTIONS: Shall be suitable design for the pipe and adjoining grades to provide a smooth transition from the pipe to the rectangular stream cross-section. The section shall be of material at least as heavy as the pipe, shall be reinforced on all edges, and have a toe plate. End sections shall be manufactured and furnished by the pipe supplier. E. JOINTS: Shall conform to one of the following specifications: F. 001 Shall be either corrugated metal or polyethylene as 1. Rubber "O" Ring: Shall be "Tylox", "Ring-Tite", or equal. 2. Bituminous Mastic Joints: Shall be made when the joint surfaces are clean and dry, using DeWitt #10, "Sewerti.te" by Philip Carey Company, or equal. Cold weather joint compound may be used only with approval of the Engineer. All excess material shall be removed from the inside of the pipe. 3. Butyl Ru.bber Sealant: May be used in lieu of rubber "O" ring or bituminous mastic joints. Butyl rubber sealant shall be "RUB 'R-NEC LTh1" by K. T. Snyder Company, or equal. 4. Band Couplings: Bolted corrugated metal couplings shall be used at all connections of corrugated metal pipe. LUBRICANTS: For the making of pipe joints shall strictly conform to the recommendations of the pipe manufacturer. 02722-2 �G. GROUT FOR POlNTING PIPE JOINTS: Shall conform to Section 03600, Grout. H. UNDERDRAINS: Shall be perforated high density polyethylene corrugated tubing wrapped in fil ter confonning to AASHTO M-252 requirements. The filter \Vrap shall conform to MOOT requirements for geotextiles. 2.02 MA1''HOLES AND CATCH BASINS: Shall be precast concrete confonning to Section 02715, Concrete Utility Manholes and Catch Basins. 2.03 BEDDING AA1D BACKFILL J\fATERIALS: Shall conform to Section 02223, Bedding and Backfilling for Utility Systems. A. CONCRETE PIPE BEDDING: Shall be Type 1. B. CORRUGATED PIPE BEDDING: Shall conform to flexible pipe bedding. PART3 EXECUTION 3.01 GENERAL: Handling, storage, installation, and the making of joints shall strictly follow the manufacturers' recommendations. Rubber materials affected by ultraviolet rays shall be protected from direct sunlight 3.02 GRADE M1D ALIGNMENT: All sewer shall be laid utilizing an "in-line" laser for vertical and horizontal controL Vertical and horizontal alignment of the invert shall, at any point, be within ±0.04 feet (½-inch) of plan elevation and line. LAYING OF SEWER: Each pipe shall be inspected for possible defects before being placed in the trench. Joint surfaces shall be free of earth or frozen matter. All pipe shall be laid from the low end of the sewer upgrade with bell ends 3.03 upgrade to line and grade as called for on the plans and each pipe as laid shall be checked by the Contractor. The use of brick, lumps of clay, wood, etc., to bring the pipe to grade will not be permitted. 3.04 A. JOINTS: Shall be made in strict accordance with the manufacturers' recommendations utilizing the recommended lubricant \Vood blocks or other approved materials shall be used to protect the pipe ends from pry bars, chains, etc. Pipe shall be pushed closed to the "home" position and if joints do not remain tightly closed the pipes shall be replaced. B. FINAL LINE AND GRADE: After the pipe is laid, care in backfilling and other operations shall be taken so as not to disturb its line, grade, or joint. Misalignment shall be cause fo~ rejection of the sewer. PIPE BEDDING AATJ> BACKFILL: Shall conform to Section 02223, Bedding and Backfill for Utility Systems. 001 02722-3 �3.05 POINTING: Concrete pipe joints on sewers 30 inches in diameter and larger shall be pointed up with grout on the inside after backfilling is complete. 3.06 CONNECTIONS TO LIVE SEWERS: When connections are made with sewers carrying storm water, special care must be taken that no part of the work is built underwater, a flume or darn must be installed and pumping maintained if necessary and the new work kept dry until completed and any concrete or grout has set up. 3.07 REMOVAL OF UN SUITABLE MATERIAL: Whenever any pipe section, fitting or appurtenance is found to be unsuitable for installation due to specification non-confonnance, poor workmanship, damage, or any other reason, it shall be removed from the construction site during the working day by the Contractor. Any material not so removed shall be painted or otherwise marked by the Engineer to prevent its subsequent use. 3.08 RESTORATION AND CLEAN-UP: Restoration and Clean-up. 3.09 TV INSPECTION: The Owner or his representative shall have the option of perfonning a TV inspection of any section of sewer for signs of structural damage, misalignment or improper joints. The costs of the inspection shall be paid by the Owner unless the inspection reveals faulty construction or materials wherein the costs shall be paid by the Contractor. 3.10 CORRECTION OF DEFECTIVE WORK: Whenever any inspection indicates defective material or installation, the Contractor shall repair the section to the satisfaction of the Engineer at no cost to the Owner. Any pipe or fitting having structural damage shall require the removal and replacement of the damaged section. END OF SECTION 001 02722-4 Shall conform to Section 02901, �• SECTION 02732 SANITARY SE\VER PART 1 GENERAL 1.01 WORK INCLUDED: The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing all plant, labor, equipment, and materials in connection with the installation of SANITARY SEWERS. 1.02 RELATED WORK A. REQUIREMENTS: All work shall be carried on in a neat and satisfactory manner and interference with flow of traffic shall be kept to a minimum. B. RELATED SECTIONS: Including, but not limited to: 2. 3. 4. SECTION 01410 SECTION 01560 SECTION 02222 SECTION 02223 5. SECTION 02715 - 6. SECTION 02901 SECTION 03600 - 1. 7. - SOILS COMPACTION AND TESTING SPECIAL CONTROLS EXCAVATION FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS BEDDING AND BACKFILLING FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS CONCRETE UTILITY MANHOLES AND CATCH BASINS RESTORATION AND CLEAN-UP GROUT 1.03 SUBMfITALS: Detailed material lists and specifications for all materials furnished under this section of the specification shall be submitted to the Engineer for review. Submittals shall be in accordance with Section 2.12 of the GENERAL CONDillONS. 1.04 CERTIFICATION OF MATERIALS: When requested, the Contractor shall furnish certification that all materials meet the requirements set forth in the plans and specifications. Source of the certification shall be detennined by the Engineer. PART2 PRODUCTS 2.01 PIPES AND JOINTS: All materials shall be new. Manufacturers' recommendations for storage, handling, and installation shall be strictly adhered to. Materials shall be of the type as listed herein meeting the specifications noted. Unless specifically shown on the plans and/or listed in the form of proposal to be a specific materials, the Contractor may elect to utilize any of the following materials subject to specifications and size limitations herein except that sewer pipe materials may be changed only at manholes. 001 02732-1 �II II A. B. C. 001 PIPE 1. Ductile Iron (D.1.): Shall be per ANSI/A WWA C151/A21.51. Pipe wall thickr1ess will vary v.rith depth of cover and shall conform to Section 02223, Bedding and Backfilling for Utility Systems. Pipe shall be standard thickness cement-mortar lined per ANSI/AWWA Cl 04/A21.4. Pipe joints shall be mechanical joints or push-on joints confonning to ANSI/AWWA Cll 1/A21.11. Ductile iron may be used for six inch (6") and larger diameter pipe. 2. Reinforced Concrete Pipe (RCP): Shall conform to ASTM C76. Pipe class will vary v.rith depth of cover and type of bedding and shall conform to Section 02223, Bedding and Backfilling for Utility Systems. Pipe joints shall conform to ASTh1 C443 for rubber gasket joints. RCP may be used for eighteen inch (18") or larger diameter pipe. 3. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Shall conform to ASTh1 D3033 or ASTh1 D3034. :Minimum pipe wall thickness shall be SDR-35. All pipe shall have a "home" mark. Joints shall be of the elastomeric gasket push-on type conforming to ASTM D3212. PVC may be used for six inch (6") through fifteen inch (15") diameter pipe. Fl I l lNGS: All piping connections and pipe size and/or direction changes shall be made v.rith standard manufactured fittings conforming to the following: 1. Ductile Iron Fittings: Shall be standard manufactured fittings of ductile iron or cast iron conforming to ANSI/AWWA Cl 10/A21.10 for mechanical joints and push-on joints. Fittings shall be cement-mortar lined per ANSI/AWWA Cl04/A21.4 and shall have the standard exterior bituminous coating. Service lateral fittings shall be tees. Plugs shall be iron or plastic suitable for air testing. 2. Reinforced Concrete Pipe Fittings: Service lateral connections shall be made using standard manufactured components. Holes in the pipe barrel shall be cored. The connection shall be made utilizing a system of 300 series stainless steel bands and an elastomeric molded boot confonning to ASTh1 C443. Epoxy coated aluminum bands may be used in lieu of stainless steel upon written approval of the Engineer. 3. Polyvinyl Chloride Fittings: Shall be full fittings conforming to ASTh1 D3033 or ASTM D3034 for pipe wall thickness of SDR-35. Joints shall conform to ASTM D3212. Service lateral connections shall be made with standard wye fittings. Tees, tee-wyes, or saddles shall not be used. CONNECTIONS OF DISSTh1ILAR PIPE MATERIALS: Shall not be made using Donuts, oversize gaskets, etc. Connections shall be made utilizing one of the following methods: 02732-2 �~ • • • • • 1. Standard Adapters: Shall be a manufacturer's standard adapter with joints confomm:ig to the above specifications . 2. Couplings: Shall be an elastomeric coupling complete with 300 series stainless steel tension bands confonning to ASTM C425. Couplings shall be Clow Band-Seal Couplings, Fernco Flexible Couplings, or equal. D. CHANGES IN PIPE SIZES: Shall be made using standard smooth flow increasers or reducers. E. LUBRICANTS: All lubricants for the making of pipe joints shall strictly conform to the recommendations of the pipe manufacturer. F. GROUT FOR POINTING PIPE JOINTS: Shall conform to Section 03600, Grout G. POLYETIIYLENE ENCASEMENT: ANSI/AWWA C105/A21.5. For ductile iron pipe shall conform to 2.02 SANITARY SEWER MAAl-IOLES: Shall be precast concrete conforming to Section 02715, Concrete_Utility Manholes and Catch Basins. Joints between the pipe and the manhole shall be as specified therein. 2.03 CHEMICAL GROUT: For sealing minor joint leaks shall be an EPA approved type. 2.04 MARKING: All pipe, fittings and appurtenant items furnished to the job site shall be marked in accordance with the applicable specification. Any unmarked materials are subject to rejection by the Engineer. 2.05 BEDDING A1\1D BACKFILL MATERIALS: Shall conform to Section 02223, Bedding and Backfilling for Utility Systems as applicable to sanitary sewers where in pipe class and bedding requirements are given for various depths of cover. PART 3 · EXECUTION 3.01 GENERAL: Handling, storage, installation, and the making of joints shall strictly follow the manufacturers' recommendations. Plastic and rubber materials affected by ultraviolet rays including all PVC products shall be protected from direct sunlight Material handling during cold weather shall take into account increased brittleness for p1astic materials. Pipe which is warped or bowed due to temperature variations such that the deviation from straightness is greater than one inch shall not be installed. 3.02 GRADE AND ALIGNMENT: All sewer shall be laid utilizing an "in-line" laser for vertical and horizontal control Vertical and horizontal alignment of the invert shall, at any point, be within ±0.04 feet (½-inch) of plan elevation and line. 001 02732-3 �• • • • • 3.03 CUTTING OF PIPE: Full lengths of pipe shall be used whenever feasible. Cutting of pipe where required shall be done only using methods as recommended by the manufacturer, utilizing tools and equipment as required to provide a neat, perpendicular 'cut without damage to the pipe or coatings. All burrs shall be removed. Spigot ends of cut pipe shall be beveled similar to factory beveling. If field cutting or coring of pipes exposes any bare metal surface, the surface shall be covered with an epoxy coating. 3.04 LA YING OF SEWER: Each pipe shall be inspected for possible defects before being placed in the trench. Joint surfaces shall be free of earth or frozen matter. All pipe shall be laid with the bell ends upgrade to line and grade as called for on the plans and each pipe as laid shall be checked by the Contractor. Pipe shall be laid from the low end of the sewer upgrade. The use of brick, lumps of clay, wood, etc., to bring the pipe to grade will not be permitted. A. JOINTS: Shall be made in strict accordance with the manufacturers' recommendations utilizing the recommended lubricant Wood blocks or other approved materials shall be used to protect the pipe and fitting ends from pry bars, chains, etc. Pipe shall be pushed closed to the "home" position and if joints do not remain tightly closed the pipes shall be replaced. B. FINAL LINE AND GRADE: · After the pipe is laid. care in backfilling and other operations shall be taken so as not to disturb its line, grade, or joint Misalignment shall be cause for rejection of the sewer. C. POINTING: Pipe joints .on RCP sewer 30 inches in diameter and larger shall be pointed up with grout on the inside after backfilling is complete. 3.05 PIPE BEDDING AND BACKFILL: Shall conform to Section 02223, Bedding and Backfill for Utility Systems. 3.06 CONNECTIONS TO LIVE SEWERS: When connections are made with sewers carrying sewage or water, special care must be taken that no part of the work is built underwater; a flume or dam must be installed and pumping maintained if necessary and the new work kept dry until completed and any concrete or grout has set up. 3.07 SERVICE LATERALS: Shall be installed to the property line or length as shown on the construction drawings. The location of the service lateral shall be as shown, or when serving an existing building, to the location designated by the building owner. Where an existing service lead is to be connected, the Contractor shall locate the lead. A. 001 CLEANOUTS: All service laterals shall be equipped with a cleanout near the property line. The cleanout shall be a minimum four inch (4") diameter and connected to the lateral with a wye fitting. The cleanout shall be extended to the surface vertically' with the use of a 45° bend and 4" PVC pipe. The top of the cleanout shall be equipped with a threaded plug which is set flush with the ground 02732-4 �surface. The cleanout cap shall be located six inches (6") inside the right-of-way line. The cleanout assembly shall be oriented to facilitate cleaning of the sewer lateral back to the sewer main. B. SERVICE LATERAL END: Shall be capped and blocked sufficiently to withstand all required acceptance test pressures. C. MARKING: The Contractor shall mark the end of each service lateral with a 2 x 4 of sufficient length to extend from the service lateral to 3 inches below gr..de. The top of each 2 x 4 shall have four 16 penny common nails driven into it for subsequent location with a magnetic locator. D. RECORD OF LOCATIONS: The Contractor shall record and submit to the Owner and the E_ngineer a location sketch of the service lateral fitting measured upstream from the nearest manhole and shall record the location of the tenninus of the service lateral with a minimum of two witness measurements to permanent physical features, building corners, etc. Any services not readily located within one year after date of final payment due to inaccurate as-built measurements shall be field located by the Contractor at no expense to the Owner. E. RISERS: Where sanitary sewers are constructed deeper than 15 feet, service risers shall be constructed as shown in the standard detail. VCP tees shall be encased in concrete as shown on the plan details. Risers shall be constructed such that the service lateral is 11 feet deep at the property line. When main sanitary sewers are less than 15 feet deep, no riser is required and the lateral shall be constructed at a slope such that the service lead is 11 feet deep at the property line, if feasible. The six inch service laterals shall be constructed at a minimum slope of 0.60% Lateral fittings shall be installed with the branch connection tilted up 45 degrees. F. SERVICE LATERAL INSPECTION: All service lateral pipes shall be left with at least the top of the pipe exposed until inspected by the Owner or his representative and authorization for backfill given. 3.08 REMOVAL OF UNSUITABLE MATERIAL: Whenever any pipe section, fitting or appurtenance is found to be unsuitable for installation due to specification non-conformance, poor workmanship, damage, or any other reason, it shall be removed from the construction site during the working day by the Contractor. Any material not so removed shall be painted or otherwise marked by the Engineer to prevent its subsequent use. 3.09 RESTORATION AA1D CLEAN-UP: Restoration and Clean-up. 3.10 SANITARY SEWER TESTING: In general, the sanitary sewers shall be tested by applying an air pressure test described in the following paragraphs. Methods of testing and measurement other than specified herein shall be approved by the Engineer. The Contractor shall be responsible for furnishing all equipment and labor for the air testing at no additional cost to the Owner. The Engineer may, as 001 02732-5 Shall conform to Section 02901, �I an alternative to or in addition to the air testing, require an infiltration test of the sanitary sewers in certain instances. All testing shall be performed in the presence of the Engineer. A. AIR TESTING: Is required to be performed on all sanitary sewers. The following described test procedure shall be used. 1. Equipment Record: Portable air compressor, standard air hose and connections, minimum of 50 feet of single and triple air hose, one single and one triple connection pneumatic sewer plug, one hand air pump, stopwatch, and one air gauge, range 0-30 psig graduated in tenths from 0 to 10 psig. 2. Preliminary Requirements: After all sewer, lateral, and manhole construction and backfilling operations have been completed, the sewer shall be cleaned by the Contractor as follows: 3. a. Inflatable Balls: The Contractor shall furnish an inflatable rubber ball of a. size that will inflate to fit snugly into the pipe to be te~ted. The ball may, at the option of the Contractor, be used without a tag line or a rope may be fastened to the ball to enable the Contractor to know and control its position at all times. The ball shall pass through the pipe with only the force of the water impelling it All debris flushed out ahead of the ball shall be removed at the first manhole. In the event cemented or we.dged debris, or damaged pipe shall stop the ball, the Contractor shall remove the obstruction. b. Pneumatic Plug Test: The pneumatic plugs shall pass the following qualifying test in the presence of the Engineer and Contractor prior to the line testing. One length of sewer pipe shall be laid on the ground and sealed at both ends with the pneumatic plugs to be checked; air shall be introduced into the pipe until the pipe pressure reaches 15 psig. The pneumatic plugs being checked shall hold against this pressure without bracing being needed, and without movement of the plugs out of the pipe. All pneumatic plugs shall pass the aforementioned qualifications before being used to ~st the actual installation. Test Procedures: Immediately following the pipe cleaning described, low pressure air shall be introduced into the sealed line until the internal air pressure reaches 4.0 psig greater than the average back pressure of any groundwater pressure, as determine.d by the Engineer, that may be over the pipe. At least two (2) minutes shall be allowed for the air pressure to stabilize. a. 001 Acceptance: The portion of the line being tested shall be accepted if the portion under the test meets or exceeds the requirements of 02732-6 �• • • • ASTM C828._ This requirement shall be accomplished by perfonning the test as follows: The time required in minutes for the pressure to decrease from 3.5 to 2.5 psig greater than the , average back pressure of any groundwater that may be over the pipe shall not be less than the time shown for the given diameters in the table following this paragraph. If the system does not meet the foregoing requirements, the Contractor will be required to locate and repair the leaks at no extra cost to the Owner and repeat the tests until the allowable leakage is obtained. AIR TEST TABLE Note: If the section of line to be tested includes more than one pipe size (i.e., lateral connections), calculate the test time for each size and add the test times to arrive at the total test time for the section. ASTM C828 MINIMUM TEST TIME FOR VARIOUS PIPE SIZES PIPE SIZE (INCHES) 4 6 8 10 12 15 18 001 TIME - PER 100' MIN. SEC. 0.3 0.7 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 18 42 72 90 PIPE SIZE (INCHES) 21 24 27 30 108 33 126 144 36 39 42 TIME - PER 100' MIN. SEC. 3.0 3.6 4.2 4.8 5.4 6.0 180 216 252 288 324 6.6 396 438 7.3 360 B. INFILTRATION TEST: An infiltration test may be conducted on a sanitary sewer only where the groundwater table is at least two feet above the invert of the sewer. The Engineer will measure the amount of infiltration at the sanitary manholes utilizing V-notch weirs or other measurement apparatus. The maximum allowable infiltration shall be 200 gallons per mile per inch of diameter of sewer per 24 hours per day at any time for· an individual run between manholes. C. MANHOLE EXFILTRATION TEST: An exfiltration test shall be performed by the Contractor of each manhole. All pipes shall be plugged and the manhole filled with water to the bottom of the casting. After a stabilization period, the fall of water will be measured to detennine the exfiltration rate. The maximum allowable exfiltration shall not exceed 0.5 gallons per foot of depth per foot of diameter per 24 hour day. All materials, labor, and water shall be furnished by the Contractor and the cost thereof shall be incidental to the cost of construction. 02732-7 �• D. PVC DEFLECTION TESTS: The completed. installation of PVC sewers shall at no point have out-of-round pipe deflections greater than 5.0%. Deflectometer or go no-go gauging tests shall be performed prior to acceptance c;if sewers. The test shall be conducted after the final backfill has been in place at least 30 days. E. POST CONSTRUCTION Th1FILTRATION: Following complete construction and prior to connection of services to the sewer, the Engineer shall have the option of requiring retesting of any section of sewer where excessive infiltration is observed. or suspected.. Any of the above tests may be utilized per the Engineer's requirements. The costs of the tests shall be paid for by the Owner unless the test fails wherein the costs shall be paid by the Contractor. F. TV INSPECTION: The Owner or his representative shall have the option of perfonning a TV inspection of any section of sewer for signs of structural damage, joint leaks or infiltration. The costs of the inspection shall be paid by the Owner unless the inspection reveals faulty construction or materials wherein the costs shall be paid by the Contractor. G. CORRECTION OF DEFECTIVE WORK: Whenever any of the above tests or inspections indicate defective material or installation, the Contractor shall repair and retest the section to the satisfaction of the Engineer at no cost to the Owner. The use of chemical grouts shall be limited to the repair of minor joint leaks and shall not be used without the specific written approval of the Engineer. Any pipe or fitting having structural damage shall be removed and replaced.. Any PVC sewer with deflection in excess of the 5.0% limitation shall be re-excavated, inspected. for structural damage, and then rebed.ded and backfilled and retested.. END OF SECTION 001 02732-8 �• • SECTION 02901 RESTORATION AND CLEAN-UP PART 1 GENERAL WORK INCLUDED: The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing all plant, labor, equipment, and materials in connection with RESTORATION M1D CLEAN-UP. RELATED WORK 1.02 A. . B. REQUIREMENTS: The Contractor shall restore all areas disturbed. by his construction operations to a condition equal to or better than the existing prior to construction and shall clean-up and haul away all construction debris and litter caused by his operation. RELATED SECTIONS: Including, but not limited to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. SECTION 015_60 SECTION 02231 SECTION 02513 SECTION 02525 SECTION 02528 SECTION 02946 SECTION 02938 SECTION 03001 - SPECIAL CONrROLS - AGGREGATE BASE COURSE - BITUMINOUS LEVELING/SURFACE COURSES - CONCRETE CURB AND GUTTER - CONCRETE SIDEWALKS - . TOPSOILING AND SEEDING - SODDING - CONCRETE 1.03 CLEAN-UP: General rough grading and clean-up shall follow immediately after installation of utilities so that no more than 1,000 lineal feet of clean-up shall remain to be completed at any time during construction. The Contractor shall remove all equipment, debris, and waste material from the construction site and material and equipment storage areas prior to final inspection and after restoration. PART2 PRODUCTS - Tius section not used. PART3 EXECUTION 3.01 PERMANENT PAVE:MENT: All street surfaces, driveways, curb and gutter, and sidewalks removed or disturbed by construction operations shall be restored to their original condition, or better unless otherwise shown on the plans and/or details. Street base course and surfacing shall conform with Section 02231, Aggregate Base Course, and Section 02513, Bituminous Leveling/Surface Course. All concrete for restoration shall be air entrained Class A concrete conforming to Section 03001, Concrete or Section 03300, Structural Concrete. All street, 001 02901-1 �I I I • • driveway and sidewalk crossings shall be restored immediately after completion of the crossing to accommodate vehicular and pedestrian traffic. Temporary patching of pa;vements of bituminous base will be required in the event of final restoration is not anticipated within 5 days of the crossing construction. 3.02 ~flSCELLANEOUS STRUCTURES: Mail boxes, fences, culverts, ditches and oth!!r existing structures shall be· resorted or replaced, as required, to original or better condition in a manner acceptable to the Engineer. 3.03 BOUNDARY MARKER REPLACEMENT: The Contractor shall have replaced by a Registered Land Surveyor, at his own expense, al section corners, property corners or boundary markers of any type or material that may be damaged or destroyed by his construction operation. 3.04 SEEDING: Lawn areas disturbed. by the Contractor's construction operations shall be topsoiled and seeded in conformance with Section 02936, Topsoiling and Seeding. In general, lawn areas shall be all areas back of the curb unless otherwise designated on the plans or noted in the specifications. 3.05 SODDING: Areas designated on the drawings to be sodded shall be sodded in conformance with Section 02938, Sodding. The Contractor at his option may sod areas required or designated to be seeded. 3.06 PLANTING: Shrubs, other plantings, and trees removed during construction, other than those specifically designated to be removed, shall be replaced with new material equal to that removed. Replacement shall be with approved stock from a State-inspected nursery and shall carry a one year replacement guarantee. END OF SECTION 001 02901-2 �I • • • SECTION 02936 TOPSOILJJ\G AND SEEDING PART 1 GENERAL 1.01 "'ORK INCLUDED: The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing all plant, labor, equipment, and materials in connection w;th TOPSOJLlliG AND SEEDING. 1.02 RELATED WORK: A. REQUIRE11.ENTS: The Contractor shall topsoil, grade, fertilize, seed and mulch lawn and other designated areas disturbed by construction operations. Attention is directed to Section 01560 - SPECIAL CONTROLS. PART2 PRODUCTS 2.01 TOPSOIL: Any topsoil _necessary to complete the work over and above the topsoil stockpiled during construction operations shall be ftL.111ished by the Contractor. Topsoil shall be free from brush, objectionable weeds or other litter, and approved by the Engineer prior to spreading. 2.02 SEED: All seed to be used shall be labeled in accordance with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Rules and Regulations under the Federal Seed Act and shall be in accordance with the State seed rules and regulations. Seed certificates or tags from the seed bags shall be submitted to the Engineer. Seed shall conform to :MDOT Specification 8.21.09 for roadside and Class A mixtures. 2.03 FERTILIZERS: Chemical fertilizer shall be standard commercial grade with packaging clearly marked in accordance with applicable Federal laws. Bulk fertilizer may be used when certified delivery slips are furnished by the Contractor. 2.04 MULCH: Straw, hay, and marsh hay used for mulching of grass seeded areas shall ·meet the approval of the Engineer. 2.05 MULCH ADHESIVE: Mulch adhesive shall be latex-base adhesive confonning to :MDOT Specification 8.21.11. 001 02936-1 �•-· -· • • • •· PART 3 . 3.01 PREPARATIQN OF SEED BED A. GRADING: Grades on areas to be seeded shall be maintained in a true and even condition. Where the grades are not defined, they shall be established by the Contractor to blend with existing adjacent grades without irregularities and shall provide for proper drainage . B. PLACING TOPSOIL: The topsoil shall be evenly spread over the areas by blade graders, or other approved methods, to a depth of at least 3 inches. Any irregularities in the surface resulting from topsoiling or other operations shall be corrected in order to prevent the formation of low places and pockets where water will stand. Topsoil shall not be placed when the subgrade is in a condition detrimental to seeding or proper grading. C. APPLICATION OF FERTILIZER: Fertilizer shall be distributed unifonnly over the areas to be seeded at a rate which will provide 240 pounds per acre of chemical fertilizer nutrients, in equal proportions of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash and shall be incorporated into the soil to a depth of at least 3 inches by discing, harrowing or other acceptable methods. D. CLEAN-UP: After completion of the above operations, the surface shall be cleared of stones, roots, brush, wire, grade stakes and other objects that might be a hindrance to maintenance operations. 3.02 001 EXECUTION SEEDING A. SEEDING REQUIREMENTS: 11DOT Class A seed mixture shall be used on all lawn areas. 11DOT Roadside seed mixture shall be used for areas disturbed by construction and not defined as lawn area. No seeding shall be .done until the Engineer has inspected the seed containers. B. SEEDING: Seed shall be sown by mechanical means except that areas inaccessible to spreading equipment may be seeded by t he broadcast method. Seeding shall be accomplished between the period of April 15 into the fall as long as weather conditions pennit seed bed preparation. Seeding rate shall be Class A: 110#/A, Roadside: 100#/A. c. CO:Ml'ACTING: Immediately after seeding, the entire area shall be compacted by means of a cultipacker, roller or approved equipment weighing 60 to 90 pounds per linear foot of roller. The final rolling shall be a right angles to slopes to prevent water erosion. 02936-2 �I I I .. 3.03 • • MULCHING A. STRAW AND HAY MULCH: After seeding and fertilizing operations have been I completed, straw, hay or marsh hay shall be spread over the swiace to a unifonn thickness at the rate of two tons per acre. The mulch shall be loose enough to allow sunlight to penetrate and air to slowly circulate, but thick enough to shade the ground, reduce rate of water evaporation and prevent or reduce water or wind erosion. Mulch which has become displaced shall be replaced at the Contractor's expense. Cellulose fiber mulch shall be applied at the rate of 2000#/Acre ,vith 55 gallon Tackifyer/Acre. Cellulose fiber mulch shall not be used in lawn areas. B. MULCH ADHESIVE: The mulch shall be held in place by a spraycoating of mulch adhesive. The Contractor shall protect all traffic, signs, structures, and other objects from being mmed or disfigured by the adhesive material. Adhesive material shall be applied uniformly at a rate of 400 gallons per acre and shall be by spraying simultaneously with the mulch, or by spraying a swiace application of adhesive immediately follov.'ing mulching . .- • 3.04 ESTABLISHMENT OF SEEDED AREAS: The Contractor shall be responsible for the proper care of the seeded area during the period when the grass is becoming established, and shall be responsible for a total grass cover. The acceptance must be demonstrated. by the results. A. WATERlNG: The seed bed for lawn areas shall be given one watering immediately after placement sufficient to wet at least two (2) inches of the seed bed. Additional watering at the same rate shall be accomplished at five (5) day intervals for a period of five (5) weeks, or a total of eight applications of water. In case of rain, the Contractor shall obtain approval of the Engineer to omit an application of water or re-schedule the watering interval. After the five week period, maintenance of the seeded areas will be assumed by the Owner or respective property owners. The Contractor will not be held responsible for any mowing of seeded areas. B. REPAIR: If any time prior to the end of the five (5) week period during which the Contractor is responsible for watering of the seeded areas, the ground is displaced due to subsidence, or sliding or gullying on sloped areas, the Contractor shall repair and re-seed the damaged areas at his expense. C. WEEDS: After the grass has become established and it appears to have more than 10% weeds, the Contractor shall spray with an approved herbicide. E:t\'D OF SECTION 001 02936-3 �• SECTION 02938 SODDING PART 1 GENERAL 1.01 WORK INCLUDED: The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing all plant, labor, equipment, and materials in connection w·th SODDING. 1.02 RELATED WORK A. REQUIREMENTS: The Contractor shall topsoil, grade, fertilize and sod areas designated on the plans or in the specifications. Attention is directed to Section 01560 - SPECIAL CONTROLS. PART 2 PRODUCTS 2.01 TOPSOIL: Any topsoil necessary to complete the work over and above the topsoil stockpiled during construction operations shall be furnished by the Contractor. Topsoil shall be free from brush, objectionable weeds or other litter, and approved by the Engineer prior to spreading. Any additional topsoils required shall be fertile, friable, humus soil of mineral origin consisting of black loam, clay loam, or sandy loam. 2.02 SOD: The class and blend of sod to be furnished under this specification shall be shown on the plans or noted in the specifications. In general, sod shall be mineral or muck type and shall contain a well developed cover of growing grass. The sod shall be free of undesirable plants, stone, roots or other material detrimental to the establishment of the sod. The minimum sod mat thickness shall . be ¾" and sod snail be cut to provide an average thickness after laying of not less than 1½". The Contractor shall provide certificates of sod blends from approved suppliers prior to placement of the sod. Sod containing Merion Bluegrass will not be accepted. Sod shall not be frozen. 2.03 FERTILIZERS: Chemical fertilizer shall be standard commercial grade \\-ith packaging clearly marked in accordance with applicable Federal laws. Bulk fertilizer may be used when certified delivery slips are furnished by the Contractor. The mix shall be 12-12-12. 2.04 PEGS FOR SODDING: Pegs shall be at least 10 inches long of a size sufficient to hold the sod. 002 02938-1 �• • • • ALIGN DR!VEWAY RETURN TO FIT OPENING IN CURB & GUTTER CURB FLOW LINE 1'' EXP. JOINT 1" EXP. JOINT GUTTER PAN GUTTER CURB & GUTTER CURB SECTION A-A CONCRETE DRIVEWAY OPENING GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 . SC-12 �EXTRA WIDTI-i TO BE ADDED AT f >.!..LEYS & COI.II.IERCIAI. DRJVES ,· ~~~~ ~ / WID™ AS Cl.l.l.£D FOR ON Pl.ANS :..•_ __:5~•----4,_ _ _ _ _ _W-'------t--.::..S'_--; I 1/(' RADIUS 1/(' /FT. SLOPE TOWARDS STREIT Pl.ME Of WEAKNESS JOIP..'TS --=-..;sm~,=,.~,_,·,-=...~~--.~ -...,_.,r.-.,...,.,.,_,:fn-4" CONCRETE SIDEWALK ™ICl<NE:SS EQUAL TO CONC. DRIVEWAY APPROACH SUBBASE-IF CAU£D FOR ON Pl.ANS (4" I.IIN.) THICKENED CONCRETE SIDEWALK 50' MAX. D<P. JOINT SPACING! W-R-d I 1/-r' ™ICl<ENEO CONC. SIOEWALJ< EXP. JOINT 1/"r I < CONC. SlOEWALK EXP. JOINT 1/"r EXP. BACK OF CURS 0.6 R 0.4 R NOTE: W .. 1.CIN. W!D'TH Of ™ICKENED CONCRE:Tt: SlOEWAU<. R (R-d) SH.AJ..1. NOT BE LESS THAN JOINT TIWTIC DIRECTION DRIVEWAY WlCliH. K,;r . A V A V V STRVCT\JRE A • V I: 50' I.IAX. EXP. JOINT SP>.CING ""'·"''"'"""-a< PLACED BE'IWN. SIDEWALK & RJG1D S'TRVCT\JR£. E//"' PROPERTY UNE . WHEN OIRECIT.O BY ll-1£ ENC:Hfl'.R THE JOINT SH.A.1..1.. BE P ~ 1' FROI.I THE PROPERTY UN£ II CONC. SODEW'1J< 1/1/z' EXP. JOINT / r'-. .\ " ". EXP. JOINT 1 I " I ~, I "r EXP. JOI I I I ..... " - - SIDEWALK S1W.L BE DMDED INTO UNrT AREAS OF NOT I.IOR£ ll-\A.N 36 SO. FT. BY 1,1£N,1S OF CUT JOlr-tT'S. INSOFAR AS POSSIBl.£. UNrT AREAS SH.A.1..1.. BE SQUARE AND NOT lESS ll-\A.N 1 6 SQ. FT. LOCATION OF JOINTS IN CONCRETE SIDEWALK SID£WAU< INTERS(CTIONS SI-WJ. BE OST 1.40NOUTHICAU..Y WITH JOINT IJH£S PLACED NEAA TO PERPENDICULAR AS POSSIBLE wmt SIDEWAU< EDGE. TO AVOID NARROW OR POINTED PIECES OF CONCRETE. ~ NOTES: SIDEWALK lRANSVERSE SLOPE MAY VARY FROI.I ZERO TO 1/-r PER FT. TO UEIT SIDE CONDmows. WHO-I TAANSVERSE SLOPE IS LESS THAN 1/, PER FT. LONCffiJDIIW. DR>JN.A.GE UUST BE PROVIDED. IN SETTlNG GAAD£S FOR C:01.CI.CERCIAI. DRlYES THE TYPES OF THE USl~ VOilCLES SHOULD BE CONSIDERED WHERE f'ERI.W-IE),lf STRUCTURE IS LOCATED IN SIDEWALK. PtACE EXPANSION UATERIAI. AROUND STRUCT\JRE & ADJUST JOINT PATTERH TO IITTERSECT STRUC'TURE AS SHOWl'I. lYPICAL SIDEWALK JOINT 1.AYOUT GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SIDEWALK DETAILS SC-13 �I 66' I I ow I 31' -B z Cl!: w ~ < .en en .:E t- < c., I I V) 3: 8' 23' I I I I 1 23 N , ______ J , ----- _ _ _ _ W A T E R - - - -..........- - - ~ - . . . . - - - - - - , I C - - - W A T E R - - - - - - - - z < V) :::E (/) I- en < c., I I I SAN-------:---+--SAN--------~M--- --!----L--~M------------lI I I GAS---t-- -GAS------- 1 I I z < (/) ~ c., I I I I I I I STANDARD STREET & UTILllY LAYOUT SCALE: 1" = GAYLORD . __MS-1 91527.12 SC-14 20' �• 1111§ .111111 ~ ~ 111111 1111§ -~ ~~ C) V, Cl:) N' >- ~ :--i-r ..... N 0 ~ 66' R.O.W. 17.5' VJ ....0 VI 15.5' 17.5' 15.5' 3• MINIMUM BITUMINOUS SURFACE . . r iJ_ ...~ . , C - 0 ½ 1 / 4 0~ 0 W f f f i Z ¼ o / 4 . :..);. • . •. : . 4 • • J. •. : : ·•. ·.. L ROADWAY SUBGRADE COMPACTED TO 957. M.U.D. STANDARD CURB &: GUTTER NOTE: q_ ELEVATIONS EQUALS TOP OF CURB ELEVATIONS 8" -22A GRAVEL, COMPACTED IN PLACE TO 987. OF MAX. UNIT DENSllY ]YPICAL ROADWAY CROSS SECTION NO SCALE �r J f f J ,. , , 4• CONSTRUCTION LIMIT 1'+ S' TOPSOIL 0 1·-0 1'+/- CONCRETE CURB t .-- EXCAVATED MATERIAL FREE FROM DEBRIS #4 2RE-STEEL CONT. AT BOTTOM COMPACTED SANO BASE STANDARD CURB & GUTTER DETAIL SCALE: 1•= 1'-o" GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SC-16 �~,.. _,..~WI,~~-. ::s~o en ► v, t,J I -< :--i- ~ - 0 N ~ GROUND LINE ~-.,----c====-==-=-+==-=-=-==r-----CASING LENClTH PER PLANS TEMPORARY SHEETING IF REQUIRED CARRIER PIPE fj EMBECO OR OTHER APPROVED EXPANDING GROUT VOID SHALL BE FILLED WITH PEASTONE AGGREGATE (MIN.) OR AS REQUIRED BY CONTROLLING AUTHORllY Cl) STEEL CASING PIPE - ALL CASING PIPE JOINTS TO BE CONTINUOUS WELDED ]YPICAL JACKING SECTION 0 - NO SCALE --.l MINIMUM CASING SIZES CARRIER PIPE SIZE CASING SIZE SEWER CASING SIZE WATER 6" 8" 12" 16" 18" 10" 18" 12" 20" 15" 24" 18" JO" - CARRIER PIPE 14" 1" STEEL BANDS, 2 PER SKID- 5'-0" MAX. SPACING 20" 24" ~ 1. BELL ENDS OF CARRIER PIPE SHALL NOT BE IN CONTACT W/ CASING PIPE. 2. BULKHEAD ENDS W/ EMBECO OR OTHER APPROVED EXPANDING GROUT. J. THE VOID SHALL BE FILLED W/ PEASTONE AGGREGATE (MIN.) OR AS REQUIRED BY CONTROLLING AUTHORllY. STEEL CASING PIPE W/MIN . 0.250" THICK WALL STRUCTURAL GRADE REDWOOD OR TREATED WOOD SKIDS- MIN. (2) PER PIPE SKID DETAIL NO SCALE �PART 3 EXECUTION 3.01 PREP ARATipN BED A. GRADING: Grades on areas to be sodded shall be maintained in a true and even condition. Where the grades are not defined, they shall be established by the Contractor to blend with existing adjacent grades without irregularities and shall provide for proper drainage. B. PLACING TOPSOIL: The topsoil shall be ~venly spread over the areas by blade graders, or other approved methods, to a depth of at least 3 inches. Any irregularities in the surface resulting from topsoiling or other operations shall be corrected in order to prevent the formation of low places and pockets where water will stand. Topsoil shall not be placed when the subgrade is in a condition detrimental to sodding or proper grading. C. APPLICATION OF FERTILIZER: Fertilizer shall be distributed uniformly over the areas to be _sodded at a rate which will provide 240 pounds per acre of chemical fertilizer nutrients, in equal proportions of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash and shall be incorporated into the soil to a depth of at least 3 inches by discing, harrowing or other acceptable method. An additional 100 pounds per acre of chemical fertilizer nutrients shall be applied over the completed sod immediately prior to the first watering. D. CLEAN-UP: After completion of the above operations, the surface shall be cleared of stones, roots, brush, wire, grade stakes and other objects that might be a hindrance to maintenance operations. 3.02 002 OF SOD PLACEMENT OF SOD: The sod, within 24 hours of cutting, shall be laid smoothly, edge to edge, with staggered joints. The sod shall immediately be pressed firntly into contact with the sod bed by tamping or rolling with approved e.quipment to provide a true and even surface. Following compaction, screened loam or topsoil shall be used to fill any cracks between sod pieces in a manner which will prevent smothering of the grass. A. FINISHJNG: After sodding operations have been completed, the edges of the area shall be smooth. On slopes steeper than, or equal to, 3 and 1, the sod shall be · fastened in place with suitable wooden stakes places 2' on center or by other approved methods. B. WATERING: The sod shall be given one watering immediately after placement sufficient to wet the sod through completely and to wet at least two (2) inches of the sod bed. Additional watering at the same rate shall be accomplished at three (3) day intervals for a period of three (3) weeks, or a total of eight applications of water. In case of rain, the Contractor shall obtain approval of the Engineer to omit an application of water or re-schedule the watering interval. After the three week period, maintenance of the sod will be assumed by the Owner or respective 02938-2 �property owners. The Contractor will not be held responsible for any mowing of sodded areas. C. REP AIR: If at any time to the end of the three (3) week period during which the Contractor is responsible for watering of the sodded areas, the sod is displaced due to subsidence, or sliding or gullying on sloped areas, the Contractor shall repair and re-sod the damaged areas at his expense. E:t\TD OF SECTION 002 02938-3 �SECTION 03001 CONCRETE PART 1 GENERAL 1.01 WORK INCLUDED: The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing all plant, labor, equipment, and materials in connection with furnishing CONCRETE. 1.02 RELATED "WORK: The Contractor shall notify the Engineer in writing of the name and address of the ready mix concrete supplier to be used one week prior to placement of any concrete. The Engineer will then determine the competency of the supplier and notify the Contractor if the concrete supplier is approved or rejected. Attention is directed to Section 01560, Special Controls. PART2 PRODUCTS 2.01 CE1\1ENT: Shall be ASTM C150, Type IA or I. Air content shall be 5.5 percent, with a tolerance of + 1.5, -0.5, when required. 2.02 AGGREGATE A. FINE AGGREGATE: Shall conform to MDOT Specification 2NS fine aggregate. B. COARSE AGGREGATE: Shall be gravel and stone confonning to MDOT Specification 6A coarse aggregate. 2.03 WATER: Shall be clean and free from injurious deleterious substances such as oil, alkali and organic matter. If drinking water quality is not used, the Engineer shall ap.prove the water source before use. 2.04 2.05 001 ADMIXTURES A. AIR-ENTRAINING AGENT: Shall conform to ASTM C260. B. ACCELERATING AD1vIDITURES: Shall conform to ASTM C494, Type C, nonchloride and non-corrosive type. C. GENERAL AD11IXTURES: Shall be used only as herein specified. \Vritten approval of the Engineer shall be required to use any other admixtures. REINFORCING STEEL BARS: Shall conform to ASTM A615, Grade 60, unless otherwise noted on the plans. 03001-1 �2.06 CURING COMPOUND: For exposed concrete swfaces shall be equal to MDOT Specification 8.24.06.a., "White Membrane Curing Compound". (ASTM C309, Type 2). 2.07 PROPORTIONS A. r MIXTURE DESIGN: Cement, fine and coarse aggregates shall be mixed in approximately 1:2:3 parts (dry and loose) by volume to achieve the following minimum strengths and cement content Cement Content Sacks oer CYD AA 6.5 A B 6.0 5.5 Minimum 28 Day Compressive Stren2:th (psi) 4,000 3,500 3,000 B. WATER CONTENT: Shall be the minimum amount necessary to provide workability. Slump as measured by ASTh1 C143 shall be from 2 to 4 inches. C. MIXING: Transit mixing concrete conforming to ASTM C94 shall be used unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. D. ADMIXTURES 1. Air-Entraining Cement or Admixtures: Shall be used for all exposed concrete, but shall not be required for buried concrete. 2. Accelerating Admixtures: Shall be used only for buried concrete to allow the Contractor to proceed sooner with the backfill operations. Use of calcium chloride will not be allowed. PART3 EXECUTION 3.01 CONCRETE PLACEMENT: Prior to placement of concrete, all forms and placement of reinforcing steel and embedded items shall be approved by the Engineer. Forms shall be cleaned of all debris and reinforcement secured in position. Concrete shall be placed as rapidly and continuously as possible without segregation. Concrete shall not be allowed to free fall more than six (6) feet A. 001 TEMPERATURE: No concrete shall be placed in temperature lower than 4()° F. unless special provisions are made and approved by the Engineer. Admixtures shall not be used to prevent freezing. 03001-2 �J J J J B. BASE: Concrete shall be placed on undisturbed soil, free from water, mud, frost, and ice. C. COMP ACTIO~: Each layer of concrete shall be compacted with a mechanical vibrator which shall be supplemented by handspading, rodding and tamping, as required to consolidate the fresh concrete. Vibrators shall be applied at uniformly spaced points no further apart than 18 inches or the visible effectiveness of the machine. Vibrators shall not be inserted into layers which have begun to set nor shall vibration be continued to a point where objectionable segregation occurs. Form vibrators \\rill not be pennitted. D. REINFORCING STEEL: Shall be accurately placed and firmly held in place as indicated on the plans. All splices shall have a minimum lap of 36 bar diameters. The minimum cover for concrete placed against earth shall be 3 inches and for surfaces exposed to the weather, shall be 2 inches. E. CURING OF CONCRETE: All concrete shall be maintained in a thoroughly wet condition for not less than seven (7) days after placement by adding moisture, or by preventing loss of original moisture, by one of the following methods: 3.02 1. Moist Curing: Unformed surfaces shall be covered with burlap, and shall be kept moist. Forms shall be kept wet at all times and when removed, curing shall be continued by wetting concrete with a fine spray from a hose until curing period is completed. Burlap shall not be used for curing of exposed surfaces in the finished work. Ponding on slabs on earth may be used. 2. Moisture Barrier Curing: Surfaces shall be covered with a moisture barrier lapped six (6) inches at the edges and ends. Moisture barrier covering shall be weighted to prevent displacement and all holes and tears shall be repaired and moisture added as required to maintain an adequate curing environment. 3. Membrane Curing: Shall be utilized on all exterior slabs, pavements, sidewalks, curb and gutters. FIELD AA1D LABORATORY CONTROL TESTS A. FIELD TESTING: The Engineer will perform slump tests (ASTM C143) for each truckload of concrete placed and air content tests (ASTM C138) when applicable and as required to maintain the air content within the tolerance specified. B. LABORATORY TESTING: Compressive strength tests shall be made for each 50 cubic yards of concrete placed. Three (3) molded concrete cylinders will be .. made (AS1M C31) and delivered to the designated testing laboratory. The testing laboratory shall perform the compressive strength tests in conformance with ASTM C39. The cost of the testing will be paid by the Owner. END OF SECTION 001 03001-3 �SECTION 03600 GROUT PART 1 GENERAL 1.01 WORK INCLUDED: The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing all plant, labor, equipment, and materials in connection with the use of GROUT. 1.02 RELATED WORK: Grout used in related work specified elsewhere shall conform with the requirements· of this specification. PART2 PRODUCTS 2.01 GROUT: A. PORTLAND CEMENT: Shall be ASThf C150, Type 1 or IA. B. NON-SHRINK GROUT: Shall conform to Corps of Engineers specification CRDC588. Material shall be as manufactured by \V. R. Meadows, Five Star, Embeco, or equal. Non-staining material shall be used for all exposed work. C. MORTAR: Shall be ASThf C270, Type M. 2.02 Fll\1E AGGREGATE: Shall conform to MDOT Specification 2MS for masoruy sand. 2.03 WATER: Shall be clean and free from injurious deleterious substances such as oil, alkali and organic matter. If drinking water quality is not used, the Engineer shall approve the water source before use. 2.04 ADMIXTURES: Shall not 2.05 PROPORTIONS: Grout shall be mixed in the following proportions: A. be used without written permission of the Engineer. GROUT: Shall consist of proportions of Portland Cement or mortar and sand with sufficient water. to form a workable mix in accordance with the following requirements: Parts Cement Use Utility Structures - Precast Section Joints Sewer Joints - when specified 001 03600-1 1 1 Parts Cement . 2 2 �B. . PART 3 NON-SHRJNK GROUT: Shall be mixed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. EXECUTION 3.01 GROUT: Shall be placed within 1½ hours of the time the mix is completed. 3.02 NON-SHRINK GROUT FOR HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES: Used for caulking around pipes through concrete walls, repair of joints, in concrete pipe and other circumstances where the effectiveness and durability of the grout depends upon the reduction or elimination of drying shrinkage shall be placed in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations. 3.03 NON-SHRINK GROUT FOR EQUIPl\.fENT OR STRUCTURAL BASES: Shall be used to completely fill the voids between bearing plates and the structural foundations to provide full bearing for the base. All grout shall be placed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. E1'.1D OF SECITON 001 03600-2 �I ~O Ul/S.Y. MINIIJ.Ul,l l.lDOT 1100U<T-20M OR MATCH EXISTING il-llCl<NESS. TRll.l EXISTING ASPKAI..T TO A NEAT EDGE. ------.---- -----4----''------.....,C..""" If' UDOT 2:2A GRA\/El. BASE COMPACTED TO , oo,; O£NSJ1Y. IUPORTED GRANULAR BACKF1Ll OR TR£NCH MATERW.. APPROVED BY ENGINEER. UNDISTURBED SOIL APPROVED BEDDING FOR STORM ANO SANITN« SEWERS ANO WATERMAlN 4' MIN. UNDERCUT FOR STORM >ND SANITARY SEWERS mo WATERMAJN NOTE: IN D:IS11NG STREETS, CONTR.ACTOR Sl-wJ. RESTOR£ SURF>.c:E TO ORIGINAL OR BETTER CONomoN. TRENCH BACKFJLL UNDER RON>WAY. NO SCA!.£ TOPSOIL-3" 1.411'1. FOR SEEDING f "r MIN. FOR SODDING / ' TRENCH l.(ATERw.. APPROVED BY ENGll'lEIR. APPROVED BEDDING FOR STORM ANO SANITARY S€WERS ANO WATERWJN ~ UIN. UNDERCUT FOR STORM SA.'lrTAR"Y SB'l'ERS mo NORMAL IBENCH BACKEJLL NO SCA!.£ GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SC-1 �PLASTER COATING ON EXTERIOR PRECAST ADJ. RINGS TOOL INTERIOR JOINTS PRECAST CONCRETE MH RISERS Ji MH STEPS 1 Ji fl Ji , 'f J J J J J PRECAST CONC. ECCENTRIC CONE VAF?:f HEIGHT AS REQ'D. REINFORCED Fl.AT SLAB IS ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATE s• 0- RING JOINT NOTE: 1. SANITAF?:f MANHOLES SHALL BE PRECAST CONCRETE FlllSTEEL TROWEL FlNISH SLOPE 2 ON 1 2 TYPICAL UNLESS NOTED 011-iERWISE FLEXIBLE CONNECTION, • KOR-N-SEAL; • A-LOCK; OR EQUAL z :i .3/4• -1 1/4• GAP AT PIPE ENDS PROVIDED TO MAINTAIN JOINT FL.EXIBILTY .J.,::...:-1~-:-- ~=-I-+--'-~~ INTEGRAL BASE -.... __ - - FlRM UNDISTURBED SOIL. COMPACTED SAND, OR CONCRETE STANDARD SANITARY MANHOLE NO SCALE GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SC-2 �NOTE: FOR e; DIA SEWERS WITH DROP CONNECTION, TI-iE DROP PIPE SHALL BE e;' DIA FOR SEWERS 1o• AND LARGER, THE DROP PIPE SHALL BE ONE SIZE ' SMALLER THAN TI-iE MAIN LINE. FLEXIBLE CONNECTION, "KOR-N-SEALN, "A-LOCK", OR EQUAL 2' LONG TEE FITTINGBRANCH DOWN ! I r INLET SEWER OR ,........__ _-t-=-~1 r - - -....... SAN. SERVICE LEAD <f. oa w w- -a. 0.. '= (..) w a. a. V> 0 0:: V> STD. LENGTH PIPE CUT, ONE LENGTH ONLY TO FlT Cl V) N w ....J z ,- :::> LONG RADIUS 90" ELBOW "A: ·.·.· -.~ NON-SHRINK GROUT ·. 4 .· :. CONCRETE ENCASEMENT o MIN. All AROUND :;.: ·.. : ...: STANDARD DROP PIPE DETAIL NO SCALE GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SC-3 �·• . ~ 2:: Vt (/) N I ;--1 .... N C) > -< ~ 0 ~ "'7?0,<¼¼¼¼(¼:'~-@'i 45· ELBOW //Jl I .·:.--..·,:. J 0.67. GRADE (MIN.) : , ... ·. (/) 45" ELBOW . <. COMPACTED GRANULAR BEDDING n .1,.. .-.,,,'l..?/ ' COMPACTED GRANULAR BEDDING OR 6A STONE . -·. MINIMUM LATERAL ,:LOO. . 67. (MIN.(&_ : FIRM UNDISTURBED SOIL OR TAMPED SAND COMPACTED GRANULAR BEDDING OR 6A STONE- HORIZONTAL CONNECTION VERTICAL RISER SANIIARY ~l~.4: ~ «t~·~A '., :..' //-.' SERVICE CONNECTIONS (PVC PIPE ONLY) NO SCALE �\0 7' C) t;; v.i > 1-J I -< :--i - r ..... 0 N fj 66' R.O.W. w z :J 3:: 0 0::: CLEANOUT WITH THREADED PLUG FLUSH WITH GRADE ~I 0 ~_ I 6" ~ 4"r;, MIN. CLEANOUT u (/) Q ~I VI io 0 u 21 PROP. SAN. SEWER 6"r/J MIN. SERVICE LEAD // ~1 1 SANITARY SERVICE LEAD DETAIL NO SCALE L. FITTING �TOOL INTERIOR JOINTS PRECAST CONCRETE MH RISERS MH STEPS 1 o __.-- PRECAST CONC. ECCENTRIC _-CONE VARY HEIGHT AS REQ'D. REINFORCED FLAT SLAB IS ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATE O.C. 4•-0· i------------;• •: UNLESS NOTED O11-iERWISE NON-SHRINK GROUT AROUND PIPE CONCRETE FlLLSTEEL TROWEL FINISH SLOPE 2 ON 12 TYPICAL INTEGRAL BASE FIRM UNDISTURBED SOIL. COMPACTED SAND, OR CONCRITE STANDARD STORM- MANHOLE NO SCALE GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 SC-6 �1 - - - - - - STANDARD MUNICIPAL r.=:=~s::::ll I CATCH BASIN CASTING. (SEE NOTE NO. 1) MINIMUM 1/2• CEMENT PLASTER OUTSIDE PRECAST CONC. MANHOLE SECTIONS TOOL INTERIOR JOINTS NON-SHRINK GROUT .: .. ~___._-·_;·•~ · a. t 0 0 NOTE: 1. CASTING TO BE SET ~RGg~i~RB OR I 4' 0 7I ... ~ :::> Vl N . z ~ ;.,._....1,•~ ·· r-··J.......,..-----P---.J._--'7':--'+:-:-i...._ :~//// ~ =,:.:..•.. //: 2. INTEGRAL BASE IS 6'-r:J' \ AN A C C E P T A B L E C ALTERNATE. I 1/ SECTION STANDARD CATCH BASIN NO SCALE GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 :::E SC-7 FIRM UNDISTURBED SOIL. COMPACTED SAND OR CONCRETE �PRECAST CONCRETE MH RISERS MH STEPS 1 o - - - - - PRECAST CONC. ECCENTRIC CONE VARY HEIGHT AS REQ'D. REINFORCED FLAT SLAB IS ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATE 0 .C. 0-RING JOINT JOTE: 4'-(j DlA. i . SANITARY MANHOLES SHALL BE PRECAST UNLESS NOTED b I ii, •PIPE SIZES GREATER 0 CONCRETE FlLL- THAN Jo• DIA. AT 90 • BENDS REQUIRE A 0 - S'TEQ TROWEL FlNISH • 6' DIA. MANHOLE .. 0 1 NTEGRAL BASE ·O .: ·w.'· ----------1:_:__:--=--.c....,,.,,,r:---------•· -·· . • · .0 · z ~ STANDARD MANHOLE 24" TO 48" PIPE; NO SCALE GAYLORD MS-I 91527.12 SC-8 FlRMCONCRETE UNDISTuRSED SOIL. OR COMPACTED SAND, �PUMPER CONNECTION SHALL FACE· STREET GRADE UNE ON HYDRANT SHALL BE · SET AT FlNISH GROUND SURFACE OR AS DIRECTED BY THE ENGINEER. 1• GRAVEL OR· CRUSHED STONE a:: w > 0 (.) HYDRANT DRAIN SHALL BE PLUGGED UNLESS DIRECTED OTHERWISE. UNDISTURBED :i ~ DISTANCE DETERMINED BY RESIDENT ENGINEER 4• THICK X 2 SQ. FT. BEARING AREA SLAB OF PRECAST OR POURED CONC. OR OlliER SLAB MATERIAL APPROVED BY RESIDEt--.'T ENGINEER. KEEP CONC. THRUST BLOCK BELOW HYDRANT DRNN. SEE THRUST BLOCK SCHEDULE & DETAIL IN SPECS. FOR SIZE. HYDRANT DETAIL NO SCALE GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 THRUST BLOCK SC-9 �STREET R.0.W. PROPERlY LINE OR AS DIRECTED BY ENGINEER 0:: w ~ CONSTRUCT GOOSE NECK GoRP. STOP (.) z SE 1"~ MIN. SERVICE PIPE MUNICIPAL sm. SERVICE STOP (CURB VALVE) REMOVABLE PLUG WATER SERVICE CONNECTION DETAIL NO SCALE GAYLORD MS-1 91527.12 �SIDEWALK RAMP lYPE SIDEWALK RAMP lYPE 3 MODIFIED PAVEMENT CURS k GUTTER RAMP IMXIMUI.I SLOPE 1• PER f'OOT SIDEWALK .. .. . .. . . . JOIITT 4• I.CINIMUI.I THICKNESS rt' f'OR DRIVE APPROACHES 1• EXPANSION JOIITT lYPICAL SIDEWALK RAMP/DRIVE APPROACH SECTION j_ • 4. .....·.. : -~ . SECTION THRU CURB CUT GAYLORD MS-I 91527.12 PEDESTRIAN RAMP DETAIL SC-11 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Gaylord_Municipal-Standards_1992 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Capital Consultants, Inc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1992 Title A name given to the resource Municipal Standards for the City of Gaylord Description An account of the resource The Municipal Standards for the City of Gaylord were prepared by Capital Consultants, Inc. in 1992. Subject The topic of the resource Ordinances, municipal Gaylord (Mich.) Otsego County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5d721330c6126d299c34fe588389535c.jpg 1bebdc67744b0a7ad1a9b55a708f849f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MuraskiVirginia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Muraski, Virginia Description An account of the resource Virginia Muraski, Mathematics Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/bf1d047d231cdbf9e80ba0b28b851025.mp4 689973b612dc8d0b00a7e8a35dc9db03 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e2086a255d8eb1dbc076a2d76a23fec0.pdf 1459afb74b5e5b14ce7f155dbdd7f2f2 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Vietnam War George Murphy Total Time: 54:45 Background  (00:18) George Murphy was born in Sandwich, Illinois, on March 6, 1948  Grew up in a small town 3 miles west of Sandwich  He went through high school there, and then went to junior college, then was drafted  (00:41) His mother was a homemaker, father worked in a factory in Sandwich o His father worked as a manufacturer in a company called New Idea  (1:03) In high school, Mr. Murphy played baseball, basketball, and track  Attended a community college about 25 minutes away  (1:24) Was drafted in June 1969 after graduating from college two weeks earlier  (2:10) He earned a science degree After Receiving Draft Notice  (2:19) Went to Ft. Leonard Wood, Missouri  Went to induction center in Chicago before going to Ft. Leonard Wood  (2:35) Got a physical in Chicago  Didn’t notice people trying to get out of going to Vietnam, but he heard stories  (3:04) From Chicago he was transported to Ft. Leonard Wood by plane, they first stopped in St. Louis and took a bus from there  (3:24) First impression of Ft. Leonard Wood: smelled of honeysuckle, which grew wild  (3:44) His first stop was the reception center, stayed there for 6 days o Received shots, fatigues, etc. o Took some classes o Assigned to company/battery  (4:17) Once he was out of reception, he didn’t know what his job would be Basic Training  (4:28) Described basic training as rough  Lasted from July to August, very hot weather, couldn’t take shirts or boots off  They got more used to it as the weeks went by  (5:08) Learned a variety of things at training �    o First aid, classes on hand to hand combat, how to use a bayonet, rifle, pistol, shooting, etc., military marching, military history Stood guard duty a lot (5:45) The training was to get them used to being a team as opposed to being an individual (6:00) Guessed that probably all of the guys in his company were draftees Basic training lasted 9 weeks AIT Training  (6:18) Orders for the next army phase during 9th week of basic training  Mr. Murphy was to go to Ft. Sill, Oklahoma, for artillery training  He went straight to Oklahoma with no leave on a bus  (6:59) When they got off the bus, they sat in bleachers and watched a gun crew show them how to shoot a 105mm howitzer o His group was told if they were good enough they could demonstrate for the next set of recruits  (7:40) He learned how to do everything with the howitzer o Trained on 105mm, 175mm, and 8-inch guns  This AIT lasted 9 weeks  (8:33) Most guys in his company (now called battery) were draftees  (9:00) The last week of AIT focused on preparing them for Vietnam, “jungle school” Vietnam  (9:39) When he got orders for Vietnam, he didn’t yet know what unit he would be in  Allowed 14 days for leave  Went to Illinois  After leave, went from O’Hare airport to Oakland, California  Spent 3-3 ½ days there  (10:28) got card to notify for shipment, told him when and where to report  Flew from Oakland to Anchorage, AK, stayed for a couple hours and then went to Kona Air Force Base in Japan o After refueling, went to Tan Son Nhut  (11:30) Didn’t know a lot about Vietnam at that point other than what he saw on the news, said he spent more time concentrating on college  (12:02) Stayed at Tan Son Nhut for 4 days, went to reception center and was assigned to Charlie battery, 7th Artillery, attached to the 1st Infantry Division o The unit was based in the Mekong Delta �                o After a few months he was transferred to the 101st division o Mr. Murphy was well received in his unit (12:42) Every battery he was in was always shorthanded o They were supposed to have 6 men per gun, but the most he ever had in a unit was 4 (13:16) In the unit he was assigned, he was assistant gunner Moved around a lot, within 3 ½ months they were in 3 fire bases, a truck was their means of transportation Fire bases were attacked sometimes with mortars and rockets at night, more for harassment, to keep them on their toes (14:12) 1st reaction to getting shot at was knowing he did his job, and after he realized what was going on he found it a bit nerve wracking (14:40) About 2 fire missions a day, they shot defensive targets at night, trail and stream crossings just in case the Viet Cong came (15:37) Establishing fire base: engineers went in with bulldozers, the unit set up guns, build bunkers and filled sandbags o Infantry came in at night to set up a perimeter around the firebase (16:26) Each gun section had an M-60 machine gun, which was manned by Mr. Murphy’s team, always 2 guys on an M-60 all night (16:50) Each gun section constructed a parapet (17:08) Took about a week to finish construction duties o He was told it took 10,000 sandbags (17:45) How the bunkers were constructed: trench was dug, PSP (perforated steel planking) on top, covered that with sandbags o Engineers bulldozed to make trenches (18:13) Mr. Murphy was in 3 firebases, and established 2 of them (18:17) Joined Minnesota company/battery (101st division) after the 1st division went home (19:10) Heard more about the 1st division before going to Vietnam, didn’t think anything of switching (19:57) C-130 brought Mr. Murphy to the 101st division o Flew from Saigon to Cam Ranh Bay o 6 or 7 from his battery went to 101st o 2 (including Mr. Murphy) from his gun section o (20:23) Having friends/acquaintances go along helped the switch o From Cam Ranh Bay to Camp Eagle (20:37) “Snake School” at Camp Eagle �        o Learned about the jungle and booby-traps o After that, the chopper took them to a fire base (21:18) 1st firebase he was at was called “Brick”, 20 miles away from Camp Eagle o Brick was small, just enough room for 6 guns, less than half the size of a football field o (21:45) The Howitzers they had weren’t the split trail ones, but M102’s o (22:08) Mr. Murphy said they were good guns, all they had to do was crank them, lighter compared to the heavy 105’s in the 1st division, used in WW2 o Airmobile guns were the M102 Howitzers o (23:24) Mr. Murphy was an ammo bearer when he first joined this gun division, moved up based on seniority o Once again, he was received well, his team was shorthanded (24:05) 101st division was very busy, firing a lot, fired at least 100 rounds a day on average In the 101st division, they had contact missions – if infantry was in trouble, they would help (25:08) Stayed in that location for about a week, then moved to fire base Rifle, which he helped build (25:41) Deployed to Rifle by helicopter o Had to march order Howitzer, which was a learning experience for Mr. Murphy o Howitzer was brought by Chinook, when previously it was done by truck o Howitzer was the first thing brought in the air, followed by a load of H.E., and then personal supplies o Beehive loads were carried on, as well as firecrackers (27:47) Stayed at Firebase Rifle for about 2-3 weeks, moved when infantry moved o Provided supporting fire for infantry, who would secure the firebase o (28:51) He did this for the rest of his tour o (29:00) Had to use beehive round once; intelligence said that the enemy would come up the gully and attack the firebase, so they pointed the Howitzer straight down into the gully and fired the beehive, which took care of it (30:00) Mr. Murphy was on 11 firebases total, moving every 2 weeks – month, but one time it was just within a few hours o Wherever the infantry was going, they went (30:38) Operation Ripcord was going on, they went to Gladiator fire support base, which was 6 or 7 clicks from Ripcord which was getting sporadic fights o His battery at Gladiator provided fire support for Ripcord o (31:20) In mid-July, they shot 3600 rounds in one fire mission �          o Each round was 35 lbs, ready to shoot from helicopter, all day long they ran back and forth and shooting them (32:24) Murphy and another man from his battery were sent to Ripcord by helicopter to check out positions for their battery's guns after the 105 battery on Ripcord had been destroyed. Going into Ripcord they landed on the south chopper pad, Mr. Murphy and his friend Frank ran to a shell hole during a fire fight, dodging bullets, etc (34:33) Constant rockets and mortars going off o Heard that an average of 1200 rounds a day hit the firebase (35:42) Once there, they wound up staying to help. They guarded the perimeter, helped with mortars, humped ammo (36:50) Mr. Murphy doesn’t remember because of everything going on at the time, but people told him it was constantly windy on Ripcord (37:35) Mr. Murphy was informed that he was getting off of Ripcord on the 22 nd, and he left on the 23rd (38:06) Leaving was “ten times worse than arriving,” he was amazed at how many rockets and mortars were going off as he left o Inside the TOC, he noticed a guy on a stretcher and told the others waiting for the chopper to take them out of Ripcord that they were bringing him whether he was dead or alive o (39:19) Remembers when they took off on the chopper it went straight down hill, there was so much shooting it made 30 seconds seem like almost an hour o Chopper looked like a pincushion from being shot so much, but it arrived safely at Camp Evans o (40:18) Remembers landing at Camp Evans and sitting down with his friends, “wow” at all that had happened (40:41) Pilot kissed the nose of the chopper, noticed all the fluids leaking from it and was amazed how it got them back to Camp Evans (41:14) It took awhile to get back to B Battery o (42:00) Mr. Murphy and some friends decided to have some beers before going back to Camp Eagle o Stayed at an inn overnight before hitchhiking back to Camp Eagle o Went to an art club before going back to Gladiator fire base, he remembers the commander being mad that they were a few days late because the whole time he wondered if they were dead or alive (43:46) They went back to their gun section, Gladiator was done, so they went to another firebase called Kathryn (44:24) Still very busy, this base was close to Ripcord, so lots of fire fights �      (44:53) Recalls one night at Kathryn that two were killed and 17 wounded in a sapper attack (45:18) “Puff the Magic Dragon” was used, a C-130 with mini guns o The day when this was used, one gun was lost from a rocket and the fire base was pretty badly damaged (46:05) Lathryn was the last major confrontation he had with the NVA (46:54) For food they had C rations (later mentions the same rations from WWII), sometimes once a week they would get hot meals sent in cans (47:50) He saw minimal drug use, but being on a fire base it would have been difficult to get near drugs o He guessed that probably in the rear there was some usage o Didn’t personally experience drugs, but sometimes he would smell pot walking past a bunker (49:18) Racial demographics of his battery were about 80% white, 15% black, and the rest Hispanic, there was no racial tension Going Home  (50:01) After 10 months he went to Australia for 6 days before returning to Vietnam and finishing his tour  (50:38) Out processed at Cam Ranh Bay, flew to Seattle, and processed out at Ft. Lewis  (51:55) Mr. Murphy remembers how happy and excited everyone was on the plane when the captain announced that they cleared Vietnamese airspace  (52:30) Ate a steak dinner and chocolate milk at Ft. Lewis, got back home on Christmas, this was a two day process  (53:27) When he got home, he was very tired. He mentions that he got to see his girlfriend at the time, parents and sisters. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MurphyG1269V Title A name given to the resource Murphy, George (Interview outline and video), 2011 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Murphy, George Description An account of the resource George Murphy was born and grew up in a small town in Illinois. After finishing high school and junior college, he was drafted into the Army in 1969. He did his basic training at Ft. Leonard Wood, and was then sent for artillery training to Fort Sill, Oklahoma. Here he trained as a gunner, and was then sent to Vietnam. He joined a battery of the 7th Artillery which was attached to the 1st Infantry Division in the Mekong Delta, and served with them until the unit rotated home three months later. He and several other men from his battery were reassigned to the 101st Airborne Division at Camp Evans, and he served the rest of his tour with them. He continued to work as a gunner, and his battery regularly moved from one firebase to another. They provided fire support for Firebase Ripcord when it was under siege in July, and Murphy was sent to Ripcord to inspect artillery positions there when it was thought that his battery would move there. Instead, the base was abandoned, and he went back to his regular duties. Later on, he was stationed at Firebase Kathryn when it was attacked by sappers. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McGregor, Michael (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings United States. Army Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011-10-08 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2d544a7fd0ddf957866f0446a25d1fe7.m4v 23b18c4f1ea4d48513df038f1b93132c https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/40417b022d62d0d9b447e5454424c994.pdf e0a7214cc7ea0037d07d179e1c1dc2ca PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Name of War: Vietnam War Interviewee’s Name: Thomas Murphy Length of interview (00:59:00) (00:11) Pre-Enlistment Went to school at Rockford High School. (00:22) Volunteered for the draft after graduation in 1967. (00:35) Two months later, Thomas was in the army. (01:04) Grew up outside of Rockford with his brother and two sisters. (01:12) Never told his parents that he had volunteered for the draft. His parents found out three or five days after he had left for Fort Knox, KY. (01:20) Wanted to serve because it was his patriotic duty and because he had friends who were already serving in Vietnam. (01:50) (02:22) Training in Fort Knox, KY Learned about the discipline of military life and how to use various weapons. (02:22) Describes experiences with drill sergeants. (02:36) Traveled to Fort Lewis, WA after basic training for advanced infantry training and jungle warfare. (03:20) Received orders to go to Germany for about a month and a half. (04:07) Received orders to go to Vietnam. Was given a two week leave before leaving. (04:51) Mother wrote a letter to President Johnson saying that he was not physically capable to go to Vietnam. Recruiting officer arrived at his house near Rockford with orders from President Johnson insisting on a complete medical examination. (05:14) Had had no training with the M-16 rifle and had to learn on the job. (08:14) (08:21) Service in Vietnam Traveled by commercial jet and landed in Cam Ranh Bay. (08:24) Assigned to 1st Infantry Division, 2nd Battalion, Company D which received orders to base camp in Lai Khe. (09:08) Describes infantry operations in Vietnam. (09:37) Describes main functions and duties of the infantry and what that demanded from the individual. (13:10) Describes his experience in enemy tunnels as a ‘tunnel rat’. (19:06) Landed in Vietnam on April 1, 1968. (21:29) Entered the jungle in search of a village that the Vietcong and NVA were hiding in on May 1. Describes the operation and the mistakes they made. (21:47) Legs were paralyzed due to a gunshot wound while taking cover in a ravine. Didn’t realize until an hour later and passed out due to blood loss. (24:55) Describes his anger with God. Later accepted that God never abandoned him. (26:35) �Describes dealing with dangerous aspects of everyday life in Vietnam, such as malaria, leeches, red ants, dehydration. (28:36) Was wounded three times during his service. (32:35) Describes his experience during the Tet Offensive Drive. (33:25) Was awarded three Purple Heart Awards, a Combat Infantry Badge, and a Cross of Gallantry with Palm. (37:31) Describes booby traps that he encountered. (42:13) Shares several stories about things that happened while he was drunk with his friends. (43:20) (49:00) Life after Vietnam Had lost so much weight that his mother didn’t recognize him when he returned home. (49:00) Describes adjusting to the weather when their jet landed in Anchorage, AL. (49:23) Then landed in Fort Lewis, WA and had to walk in a parade in Tacoma, WA before returning home. Troops were received very badly by protesters. (50:03) Describes being treated very badly when he returned home. (50:28) Doesn’t suffer from physical effects from Agent Orange exposure, but doesn’t like being around bug spray. (54:53) Encourages people to be grateful for our troops. (57:38) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MurphyT Title A name given to the resource Murphy, Thomas (Interview outline and video), 2009 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Murphy, Thomas Description An account of the resource Thomas Murphy is a Vietnam War veteran who volunteered for the draft after he graduated from Rockford High School in 1967. He served in Vietnam with the 1st Infantry Division, 2nd Battalion, Company D and was awarded three Purple Heart Awards, a Combat Infantry Badge, a Cross of Gallantry with Palm. In this interview, Thomas shares many stories about his experience with booby traps, dangerous living conditions and being a ‘tunnel rat.' Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Murphy, Sydney (Interviewer) Caledonia High School (Caledonia, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-05-26 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ed40f3531503fa98ed48b09742be6512.jpg 1b6d586ad730ba792b0053f1d6ec80e0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MurrayMark Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Murray, Mark Description An account of the resource Mark Murray, President of Grand Valley State University Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College administrators Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4d175c8c52dc0b126cd3d0a64f604816.jpg 812e438eadc917168980c4f55cbac0f5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MuschEdward Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Musch, Edward Description An account of the resource Edward Musch, Mathematics Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8f18436c636633f611a72cfdde8c1c3d.mp4 f1fa24e0499f518a768560c44b961baa https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/de6666d93cfc75458d4ddcf1e7f65f8f.pdf 1adcce2aed832d4bde722b3e2fd99d9c PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Clair Musgrove (54:04) • • (00:25) Hershey Michigan Born in Hershey Michigan on July 8 1919 Taught rural school for 4 yrs after graduation Mother died before he was 5 years old during birth of youngest brother Father was a farmer and general laborer. Worker on the Pere Marquette Railroad during the war. Worked for Hershey Gravel Company after war where he died in an accident at 62 years old Church vital in his life (3:23) Graduated from Hershey High School Attended County Normal School in Evart, Michigan, and obtained certificate to teach in 8th grade rural school Heard about Pearl Harbor bombing on car radio Finished out year in school--volunteered for Army Air Corps • • • (5:32) Joined Army September 3, 1942 enlisted Left Evart, Michigan on a bus for Fort Custer Clare put in charge of the bus • • • • • • • • (7:10)Fort Custer, Battle Creek, Michigan Stayed on base for 1 day before being assigned to Shepherd Field in Wichita Falls, Texas, for basic training • • (8:40) Shepherd Field Basic training at Wichita Falls Upon graduation enlisted in Aerial Gunnery School • • • • • (9:20) Aerial Gunnery School, Laredo, Texas Clare was in the first class to attend the school Clare was a corporal in the Army at this time Practice torrent (target practice?) in field (11:10) Appointed an instructor in the school upon graduation Received a 10 day furlough to go home before new class came in �• • Taught for less than 1 year Volunteers for overseas duty (12:40) Sails out to sea, Late winter/Early Spring 1943 • • • • • • • • • • • • • (13:48) Algeria, North Africa (13:56) Followed 15th Air Force to Italy to bomb group assignment-North of Bari on Adriatic side Assigned to the 456th Bomb Group Part of the 782nd Bomb Squadron Shared landing filed with 464th Bomb Group Path of fighting started in Naples-didn’t really hit Bari (16:00) Flew missions into enemy territory Flew B24 liberator into Southern France, Austria, Lower Germany, Romania, and Czechoslovakia Flew 9 missions 9th mission—engines hit by anti-aircraft fire over Ploesti Oil Fields, Romania (18:58) 2 P-51 fighter planes covered them (21:51) evacuates jet at 10,000ft over Serbia-July 9 1944 (25:00) Locates two ladies and two boys with sheep (27:10) Man in village shakes Clare’s hand Mutton, potatoes, and bread for dinner-German soldier at door (30:30) Rest of crew taken to German war camp (31:18) Czech soldiers lead Clare towards safety Serbian principal takes Clare in (35:20) Assembly Point-downed American airmen-200 total Helped build airstrip and brush piles in mountain (38:56) Rescue • • • • • • • (40:40) Headquarters-15th Air Force-August 13 1944 Interrogation Process Doctor’s Exam-sprayed down for lice (42:42) Fed meals by locals (43:40) Returns to squadron (44:35) Other members in prison camps-1 dies there Assigned to indoctrinate new crews on bail out-stayed till end of war (47:40) Rescue kits-silk maps • • • • • • (49:18) Back in the U.S. �• • • • Disbelief Discharged from service as aerial gunner Arrives home Brother stationed in Germany when war ends-comes home • • • • • • (51:40 )Impact on life Huge accomplishment G.I. Bill-graduates from Michigan State University-Agriculture and Farming Hired by Michigan State University in Agriculture-30 years of service Port Huron Michigan 2years Fremont Michigan 13 years (53:34) County Extension Director in Berrien County-finishes career � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MusgroveC Title A name given to the resource Musgrove, Clare (Interview outline and video), 2005 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Musgrove, Clare M. Description An account of the resource Clare Musgrove served in the Army Air Corps, 1942-1945. He was a B-24 Gunner with the 15th Air Force in Italy, where he flew nine missions. On the last, over Ploesti, his plane was hit and the crew bailed out over Serbia. The rest of the crew were captured, but he was rescued by a local family and smuggled out by the resistance. Upon returning to his base, he was given a training assignment for the rest of the war. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collins Sr., Charles E. (Interviewer) Collins, Carol (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans United States. Army. Air Corps World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Video recordings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005-09-13 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/7af8213ed87cccb62772ee9ce7182bb3.jpg 136003077bb3da744d5eafecd6f9ba57 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-Red-Misc-15 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980 Title A name given to the resource Music Carnival 1980! Description An account of the resource An advertisement for the 1980 Red Barn Theatre Music Carnival. It includes an advanced ticket order form as well as a map of Saugatuck. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Community theater Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file collected by the Kutsche Office of Local History from the Saugatuck Douglas History Center for the Stories of Summer project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d91b4ef45774b38c150d6fef747a1b62.jpg 614b30c8ea8d09a9806d9e4e0c127fb1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_D069-0010 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1963-02-15 Title A name given to the resource Music Class at Sheldon School, Grand Rapids, MI Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a group of students and their music teacher singing during music class at the Sheldon School in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Rapids (Mich.) Classrooms Choirs (Music) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a300e5dd1377ae827f9c50169a383429.jpg a125e1c7ce149f0bd3f8e6df12bf9dae Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_D071-0020 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1963-02-15 Title A name given to the resource Music Class at Sheldon School, Grand Rapids, MI Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a group of students and their music teacher singing during music class at the Sheldon School in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Rapids (Mich.) Classrooms Choirs (Music) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/80c661751c007c9fbbc30ab436d81dbc.jpg 2590be33a5d17eb68de94743d17f528e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_D079-0034 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1963-02-16 Title A name given to the resource Music Class, Grand Rapids, MI Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a group of young male students and their teacher during music class in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Rapids (Mich.) Classrooms Choirs (Music) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/77ac77e6d1aabb6b8f99cb683edd4a10.jpg 4b27577a1e236beab7ef99386dcce221 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_D079-0042 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1963-02-16 Title A name given to the resource Music Class, Grand Rapids, MI Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a group of young male students and their teacher singing during music class in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Rapids (Mich.) Classrooms Choirs (Music) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives