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Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. &#13;
&#13;
Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D"&gt;Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                    <text>Grand Valley State University
Veterans History Project Interview
Vietnam
Leonard Moore

Total Time – (01:02:31)

Background

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He was born in Rockingham, North Carolina on October 24, 1949 (00:23)
o He grew up in Rockingham
His parents were farmers (00:41)
o They operated a dairy and tobacco farm
There were five boys and two girls in his family (00:48)
o He was the second oldest
He went to school in Rockingham
o He played sports and goofed off in high school (01:12)
o He knew what was going on in Vietnam, but he did not know the details
(01:22)
His father was a World War II veteran (01:26)

Enlistment/Training – (01:33)
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He volunteered for the draft in March of 1969 (01:46)
His father did not have a lot to say about him being drafted
He went to basic training at Fort Bragg, North Carolina (02:00)
His first impression of basic training was that it was rough and demanding
o He was in good shape and did not have problems with the physical aspects
(02:16)
There were enlisted Reserves and National Guard, but he majority of the men
were draftees
o They were from all over the country
 There were a lot from the Northeast (02:41)
 They were harder on the men from the Northeast
Basic training consisted of push-ups, running, classes, rifle range, etc.
o He did not find many of these activities very difficult
o There were roughly five men that were recycled (03:15)
 Primarily due to P.T. (Physical Training) difficulties
Basic training lasted eight weeks (03:28)

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o He received a thirty day leave after basic training
He was ordered to go to Fort Gordon, Georgia for AIT [advanced individual
training] (03:53)
o His MOS (Military Occupation Specialty) was 11 Bravo (Infantry)
The training at Fort Gordon was a little different
o They were treated a little better (04:13)
Some of the trainers were Vietnam veterans (04:26)
The infantry training at Fort Gordon consisted of a lot of the same activities as
basic training
o They did not spend a lot of time in the field (04:53)
He had caught pneumonia in basic training and never had to do the bivouac
training (05:15)
o He was in a hospital for nearly a week (05:28)
The racial mix of the basic and AIT training had around twenty-five percent
blacks (06:06)
o There were no Hispanics
o There was not very much racial tension
AIT lasted eight weeks long
He received his orders for Vietnam (06:55)
The AIT training was more beneficial than the training in basic training
He reported to Fort Lewis, Washington (07:37)
o Soldiers would just lay around and wait for their name to be called out
o He waited for nearly six days before his name was called (07:54)

Active Duty – Firebase Erskine – (08:04)
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He flew to Vietnam
o They stopped in Japan and then went to Cam Ranh Bay, Vietnam (08:10)
His first impression of Vietnam was when he was inside the airplane
o He could feel the heat coming through the plane and he could smell the
country (08:22)
o It was hotter in Vietnam than it was in North Carolina
o He arrived in August of 1969 (08:46)
When he arrived in Cam Ranh Bay, the soldiers immediately went to Proficiency
Training (08:53)
o The training lasted for roughly one week
o It consisted of walking trails, setting up ambushes, and general infantry
skills (09:01)
The training was not that much different than basic or AIT training
He was then assigned to the 101st Airborne Division (09:50)
o He knew that the 101st had been involved in Hamburger Hill and he knew
that he may be going to a hot spot (10:02)
o Most of the soldiers in the 101st did not go to jump school

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He traveled in a C130 from Cam Ranh Bay to Phu Bai (10:30)
o He was at Camp Eagle
o He then took another C130 to Camp Evans (10:47)
o He was assigned to the 187th Infantry Regiment (10:54)
He then met his unit at Firebase Erskine (11:11)
o It took him nearly a week and a half to get there
o He would do details around Camp Evans until he could meet up with his
unit (11:26)
He was not received very well when he got there (11:40)
o The morale in the unit was terrible
o The unit had gone through the Hamburger Hill battle
o Some of the men would go to sleep on guard duty (11:55)
o Many of the men did not want to fight alongside a new guy (12:02)
Falling asleep on guard duty was “more or less tolerated”
He had to go on some hikes around the firebase to do scouting (12:42)
o There was no combat going on at the firebase
He was at Firebase Erskine for nearly a week (13:08)

Active Duty – Quick Reaction Force – (13:15)
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Lt. Hightower told him that they were starting a Quick Reaction Force at Camp
Evans (13:18)
o No one volunteered for the job training
o He was asked if he would do it (13:46)
 He agreed to go
o They were supposed to pick their best men for the job (14:05)
 They chose some new guys and outcasts from the company
o There were only two sent out of his company
o He did not have to go, but he did not know any better (14:32)
When he joined the B Company, his basic load was his food, his water, ammo,
smoke grenades, hand grenades, and some personal items
o He was carrying around seventy-five to one hundred pounds (15:18)
o They would often carry fifteen rations of food
He did not have any problems adjusting to the climate (16:13)
He was the only replacement in the company
He was there for one week until he volunteered for the quick reaction force
o He returned to Camp Evans
He had to go through training – stream crossings, shooting certain guns, map
reading, communications, etc. (17:39)
o There were thirty men in the unit
o They were from a variety of brigades (18:06)
It was obvious that some of the men were rejects from other companies
o They were worthless (18:30)
o They would not pull their own weight and they had attitudes

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o The majority of the men were good soldiers
When they did not have a call for action, they were always in training (19:14)
He was a gunner on a Loach (20:03)
o He was new and no one else wanted to do it
o He did a lot of training on aerial gunnery (20:48)
o He would shoot ammo cans or anything else (20:56)
o The Loach allows for free-form shooting
He would get airsick in the Loach (21:47)
As a gunner, he would wear a flak jacket (22:02)
The role of the Loach was to give fire support and report what was going on on
the ground (22:26)
They would fly low with the Loach and try to find trails, bunkers, or anything else
(22:51)
o Their main job was to draw fire so that they could know where the enemy
was at
The Loaches worked in two sets
o One loach would fly low as bait and the other would fly higher (23:19)
o When the low Loach would get shot at, a Cobra would come in behind
them and open fire (23:28)
A lot of the time they did not realize they were taking fire because the Loach was
so loud (24:50)
The majority of the work was done in the mountains (24:28)
o They would sometimes go in the flatlands between Camp Evans and the
ocean (24:32)
Most of the time the soldiers on the Loach just looked at treetops all day (25:22)
o It was hard to see through the triple canopy jungle
He was a gunner, but he also had to observe (25:38)
The Loach only had the pilot and the gunner (25:49)
The infantry minicav strategy worked and was used regularly (26:32)
The Loaches were not going to be used with the minicav any longer
o Because they no longer needed a Loach gunner, he was sent to CLC
(Combat Leadership Class) at Camp Evans (27:10)
 It consisted of map reading, communication, and other training
 The training was to become a squad leader
 The course was a week long (27:34)
The minicav was a voluntary position and no one needed to stay
The minicav had totally lost the air power component (27:53)
He volunteered to be a gunner on a Huey (28:47)
There was a time when he had been shot down in a Loach
o The Loach hit a tree and went down (29:24)
o He did not get hurt in the crash
o While he was down on the ground, the minicav was only four hundred
yards away
o They had been scouting for a minicav operation that was already going on
(30:17)

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o He got to go back to Camp Evans
o The Loach was extracted
When a Loach would spot the enemy, if they were close enough they would start
shooting
o Cobras would then come in and tear up the entire area (31:34)
When scouting, he only saw the enemy around four or five times
o He spent nearly half of his tour in the Loach (32:36)
The minicab had very poor leadership
The Lieutenant would not go into the field with his soldiers (34:12)
o He would gamble and cheat – it broke all confidence and trust with people
o Roughly ten to twelve men left because of him

Active Duty – Aboard a Huey – Firebase Ripcord – (35:03)
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He had to go to aviation and get permission to be a gunner on the Huey
o He went to his Commanding officer for permission (35:25)
The Huey was a lot safer than the Loach
o The Huey does not get low and look for enemy activity (35:55)
o The troop carriers get low and land at the LZs
The majority of the time, he flew for the Colonel of the 3rd Brigade (37:07)
The Huey would take occasional trips to Firebase Ripcord
On June 7th, 1970, he was north of Firebase Ripcord when his Huey was hit with
an RPG (Rocket Propelled Grenade) (38:40)
o The rocket blew a hole in the top of the Huey
o They crash landed
 Everyone aboard was wounded
 A Huey could not make it to where they were – A Loach was sent
on three different trips to get the men (39:11)
o He was taken to the hospital for a month
 He had shrapnel in his leg, arm, and back (39:23)
 The injuries were not life threatening
 He did not wear his flak jacket that day
The American forces were on the ground where they went down (40:07)
o The enemy was on the other side of the river
The men were taken to a med station at Camp Evans before he went to the
hospital at Da Nang, Vietnam (41:07)
o He stayed in Da Nang for five days
o He was then sent south to a rehab hospital
The hospital in Da Nang was a nice hospital (41:52)
When he was in the south he never left the base
The soldiers would have to go out and pull bunker guard at night (42:31)
He remained in the south for nearly three weeks
He was able to stay in contact with his family during his time in Vietnam (43:11)

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After rehab, he rejoined his unit
Firebase Ripcord had heated up while he was gone (43:42)
o When the helicopters would go in the Vietnamese would stop firing
mortars and wait for the helicopter to touch down
o They would then try to shoot the helicopter with mortars
He made several trips in and off of Firebase Ripcord (44:31)
The wind on the firebase was extremely strong and difficult for the helicopters
His pilot was very good but never took unnecessary risks (45:29)
o He would be flying the helicopter and coordinating everything on the
ground as well
o He was extremely professional
His last trip into Firebase Ripcord was the day of evacuation (46:12)
o He was with Harrison (Col. Harrison, the brigade commander) the entire
day
He watched other pilots operating around Firebase Ripcord and he did not believe
that they had much of a chance to survive (46:38)
They traveled from Camp Evans to Ripcord several times in the day (47:16)
o They never touched down on Ripcord
o He did not fire a shot the entire day
o They were up higher than others (47:12)
There were rockets and mortars during the evacuation
At one point, the enemy fire had stopped and a Loach had to go and retrieve a Kit
Carson Scout (48:43)
He witnessed a majority of the evacuation
The trip from Ripcord to Camp Evans was nearly twenty minutes (49:06)
He believes the evacuation process went very well (49:18)
Early in the evacuation, troops were worried about getting into the choppers
because they were taking so much enemy fire (49:27)
There was one Chinook that went down in the process
There were several choppers disabled, but none went down (50:16)
After Ripcord, he flew for nearly a month (50:40)
He extended his time for a month so that he could receive early discharge
He was given some light work at Camp Evans for a month and a half
o He gained twenty-five pounds (50:55)
If he had not extended his time in Vietnam, he would have had five remaining
months in the Army after getting back
There were some men at Camp Evans that took pills as drugs (52:47)
In the South of Vietnam, there were a lot of drugs being used
Camp Evans had a lot of marijuana use (53:28)
By 1970, many of the racial problems were getting bad (53:54)
o In the Minicav, all of the blacks would throw the M60 machine gun ammo
into the bushes, pull out half of their water and food and then bum off of
others for supplies, etc.
o Many blacks believed that Vietnam was a white man's war (54:24)
o Some refused to go out into the field

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 There were no repercussions against those men
o The racial issues caused some fights (54:57)
He spent thirteen months at Camp Evans in total
He feels that internal problems had become worse while he was in Vietnam
(56:41)
After he was done flying, he had other assignments such as: building a basketball
court, burn things, pull guard duty, build a clubhouse, etc. (57:07)
o He would only have to pull bunker guard once a week
o Everyone in aviation had to do guard duty

Leaving Vietnam – After the Service – (58:05)
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He left Vietnam through Cam Ranh Bay (58:10)
He flew a Loach from Camp Evans to Phu Bai
o There was cheering when the plane took off
o They stopped in Japan and then eventually landed at Fort Lewis,
Washington (59:50)
He was at Fort Lewis for fifteen hours
No one ever tried to talk him into re-enlisting (01:00:28)
There were protestors that were very far away from where they landed
Once he returned home, he returned to his job at a cigarette factory (01:01:58)
o He worked for a week and then put in his two week notice
He eventually bought a farm for himself to work
o He was always self-employed

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Boring, Frank</text>
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                <text>Leonard Moore was born in North Carolina in 1949. He volunteered for the draft in 1969 and went to basic training at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, and then to Fort Gordon, Georgia, for infantry training. He was then sent to Vietnam, landing at Cam Ranh Bay, and was assigned to the 101st Airborne Division. He flew up to Camp Evans and was assigned to a rifle company in the 187th Regiment, but was with them only briefly before accepting assignment to the rapid deployment force, known as the "minicav" that the brigade was organizing. He served as a helicopter gunner with this unit for several months, and when the unit was reorganized and lost its helicopters, he transferred to the brigade's aviation unit and served as a door gunner, mostly on the brigade commander's helicopter, through the Ripcord campaign in 1970, and stayed on for several months before returning home and being discharged.</text>
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                    <text>Grand Valley State University
All American Girls Professional Baseball League Veterans History Project
Interviewee’s Name: Mary Moore
Length of Interview: (36:56)
Date of Interview: August 7, 2010 at the Reunion of the Professional Girls Baseball League
Interviewed by: James Smither
Transcribed by: Lindsey Thatcher, November 18, 2010
Interviewer: “Alright, today is August 7, 2010 we are at Detroit Michigan at the reunion of
the All American Professional Girls Baseball League and talking this morning with Mary
Moore of White Lake Michigan. The interviewer is John Smither of the Grand Valley State
University Veterans History Project. Now Mary what we are going to do here is basically
just follow your story. And we are going to begin at the beginning. So why don’t you tell us
where and when you were born?”
I was born in Detroit Michigan.
Interviewer: “In what year?”
1932. During tough times, the depression era.
Interviewer: “And what did your family do for a living in those days?”
Well my dad was a jewel die maker and well after when we moved out to Lincoln Park Michigan
when I was about 5 or 6 years old, that’s where I actually grew up and graduated, Lincoln Park
High and that was our main resident area. He worked for General Motors, Cadillac division, Ford
Street in Detroit.
(01:10)
Interviewer: “Now how did you get involved in sports initially?”
Well probably like most of the women, I mean well you know, I played out in the fields with the
boys Lincoln park you know, well it wasn’t very populated. There were a lot of fields out there
where we lived at that time. We were like the only house in fact; there was one other house on
the lot on one side of the street and maybe one or two on the other side. So there were a lot of
fields out there and we would take them and cut the weeds down and make our own ball field.
And of course if you get it to the white field we were out and we didn’t have enough players but
it was always something to go out to the field with the boys. I had an older brother that had a
paper route. Detroit News and it was a weekly paper. And so I would help him on his paper route
to earn money. So I was the one who always would come up with bats and balls and the
equipment. So if the boys wanted to play ball or any sport be it football, basketball, they had to
come get me first. So, so I was never left out.
(02:23)

�Interviewer: “Alright were there other girls that would play too, or was it just you?”
No there was hardly, I can’t even remember any girls in the neighborhood basically so, and if
there were they were down the street or quite a ways away, or they just weren’t interested. Most
of them weren’t anyway so.
Interviewer: “Now at your high school were there girls teams and girls sports?”
No, not heavily in high school back then. I graduated in January 1950 and in our senior year
(03:00) we were allowed to take one hour of gym. And then we had to share the basketball court
with the boys and we’d take half the court and they would take the other. But we had no
organized sports at all for the girls.
Interviewer: “So how did you wind up hooking up with the All Americans?”
Well like I said I had been playing ball with the boys there was that and always we had a Detroit
Tigers in Lake who played short stop for the Tigers oh back when he lived about 3 miles from us
and he would come out and play ball with us and he would pick the ball up and I would learn
how to judge fly balls and things like that. And basically teaching the guys but you know I was
watching and doing it too and he would take the students to the Tiger’s stadium to the ball park
and at that point I got a baseball and autographed a little autographed book like Hank Greenburg
(04:00), Dick Wakefield, George Kell, and all those guys back in the late 40’s. So I still have the
autograph book but I did have a fire in my place and I did lose the baseball. And so I mean, you
know I was a great sports fan and but it started in when I graduated from high school oh my high
school English teacher, Mrs. Nelson, put me in touch with another lady who had graduated. I
hadn’t heard anything about it, I mean it wasn’t widely known around you know, especially in
big cities. So she put me in touch with Doris Kneel who was already trying out. So we went
down to Crown Recreation in Detroit. There were a lot of girls from the Detroit Michigan area.
In fact Michigan has more (05:00) girls in the League than any other state. And so that’s where
they would go to practice in the winter time. So I went down there because I needed the practice.
From there one of the girl’s fathers was a scout. And Helen Filarski then took me in down to
South Bend with her for the tryout of the spring of 1950. Jobs were hard to find back then. You
know you graduate from high school and then there was really nothing. I mean I was willing to
sweep floors or do anything but there weren’t jobs out there, kind of like today. And so anyway
Helen took me to South Bend for tryouts. We were there for 2 weeks. And of course I hadn’t
really played anywhere for ball or anything (06:00) but I was you know, quite athletic. And so
after two weeks of spring training, of course they had a second baseman there, I can’t even
remember who it was now. But they sent me down to Chicago for 2 more weeks of training. And
there we had a lot of girls trying out. They picked 15 girls for the Springfield Sallies team and 15
girls for the Chicago Colleens team and…
Interviewer: “We’ll get back to that in just a moment I want to go a little bit back and talk
about the try outs and training. Were you, you went to South Bend. What was the set up
there? What were they trying to do to South Bend when you went there initially?”

�Just I guess, see if I they make the team or how good you were. I guess you know, they invite
people you know that maybe that [?] father might have saw playing ball and they said you know
we need a good player and they say go ahead go and try out you know.
(07:08)
Interviewer: “And what would they have you do when you were trying out?”
Well it’s kind of funny because all these Veterans down in Detroit in Rockville asked, what
position do you play? I said well any place, you know, you know they got, anyplace you want
me to I could play you know out in the scrub games you know I could be taught infield outfield
whatever, well you can’t tell them I can just play anywhere, so they wouldn’t think you were any
good. You got to tell them you play someplace. So they go over to all these Veterans, my friends
and so they say well third base that’s a really hot corner, I said well I don’t know about that.
Shortstop then you would really have to arm and move around; well I don’t know about that.
First base, well you really have to stretch and dig them out of the dirt, better not tell them there.
Outfield you really need a strong arm, and really you know move, well I don’t know about that.
Why don’t you tell them you play second base…so I did. I told them I played second base but I
hadn’t. So I get there and I watch you know, and I thought how hard can this be? Well it was a
lot harder I guess than I thought it was. But anyway I was out there and the manager says (08:30)
“How old are you?” and I said seventeen, “Well then act like it, don’t act like an old lady.
Move!” I thought ok. So but I must have done something fairly decent because like I said they
sent me on to Chicago for two more weeks to make me hit on a different team they didn’t need
me there in South Bend so.
Interviewer: “Now when you went to Chicago how many other women were trying out at
the same time as you were?”
Oh, probably about a hundred.
(09:00)
Interviewer: “And out of that hundred they were going to take…?”
Thirty, two teams. They were going to be a traveling team kind of like the farm hunt system team
and so we had fifteen each team. And we had to make our way on a bus and sat by the
chaperones and managers and so we toured all over the country you know, playing games. We
went to twenty one states and Canada in three months. And we played seventy seven games of
the ninety game schedule we got rained out the rest. And we played Yankee Stadium before a
Yankee game, we met Joe DiMaggio, Casey Stengel, Phil Rizzuto, Whitey Ford, and all those
guys were playing and of course if we had known that now, I mean we’re there to play, we’re in
our uniform. We had nothing to do to get autographs or having no idea how big (10:00) this
thing really was you know. So I mean, we just played our game and then you think about it now
and you think wow, you know. We played on Yankee Stadium. It was quite a thrill. We were
also playing in Washington D.C. Griffins Stadium and all along the way places. We would tour
so after the 1950 season and I got drafted by Battle Creek.

�Interviewer: “Let’s go back again into a little bit and let’s talk a bit more about that barn
storming season there. First of all explain again, you have there are two teams, and the two
teams, tell us who the two teams were?”
Springfield Sallies and Battlecreek Belles.
Interviewer: “Ok.”
Oh no, I’m sorry. Springfield Sallies and Chicago Colleens.
Interviewer: “Right, ok and you were with…?”
I was with Springfield.
(11:01)
Interviewer: “You were with the Sallies, ok.”
In fact my baseball card says Springfield Illinois, instead of Lincoln Park Michigan.
Interviewer: “Well, alright. How did they manage this physically, with moving you around
the country like this? So you’re riding around on a bus, you’ve got your chaperones your
manager with you and so forth, and then what do you do when you go from town to town?
What’s the routine?”
Well most of our games were at night, and so we would play a night game for two hours and
shower and get back on the bus and basically travel to the next town, maybe try to sleep on the
bus. And the day was ours if we didn’t want to try to sleep or catch up on your laundry, and do
something like that. But you know, you would have a lot of time. So when we were in New York
though we were right in the city (12:00) and we were able to go at night, and you know a couple
things like that basically traveling at night, and they were small towns so they didn’t have many
entertainments or anything like that. But most of us were quite young so we really weren’t into
going out or anything like that. We had a, we had to be at the ball park for two or three hours
before the game for the warm-up. You play a 9 inning game and you get done and you are a little
tired. So then we get back on the bus and travel to the next town.
Interviewer: “And did they have any particular rules or regulations regarding your
conduct or your dress or anything else like that?”
Well that was strictly enforced. We could not wear blue jeans, shorts, slacks, or anything out in
public. You had to be in a skirt (13:00) and a dress. If we were on the bus in the middle of the
night and we stopped at a rest area, we could get off, nobody there, but you aren’t allowed off the
bus unless you got a skirt on or a dress so we used wrap around skirts so you just had to hurry up
and put that on then you could get off the bus. They had strictly enforced, well all the rules were
enforced. Like we had bed check every night, if you were caught out after bed check well you
would be fined or sent home. This one girl she didn’t go out after bed check, she went to the
vending machine, and she got caught and she got fined and it was paid. All of that was pretty big
money back then. Well they could’ve sent her home, and if she disobeyed really bad they could

�be sent you home because along the way on this tour (14:00) we were kind of on a farm system
there were try outs at these towns. Now if they found someone that they was doing better than
you, who you got to go home and pick up this other player. So we didn’t want to do anything to
be sent home so we obeyed them. And you know things were different back then anyway. I mean
discipline was pretty much normal for most families. You know, times have changed a lot now
and things have got a lot more lax and federal government won’t let teachers discipline the
students and just all kinds of things that have changed so I mean you know it wasn’t even hard
for us because we were brought up that way.
Interviewer: “Ok, now at this point did they make any effort to teach people how to dress
or do things with their hair and make-up and stuff or was that long gone by then?”
That was gone by the time we started, but we did know the rules and stuff (15:00). You didn’t
disobey that, if you did it would be bye.
Interviewer: “Ok, what as you were touring around these different places, what kind of
response did you get from fans? Did you draw big crowds?”
Oh yeah, we kept up a good attendance. We had a PR man and I’ll give his first name Murray.
He would go he had he would go to these towns and he had newspaper articles and every time
we would get into, we would take turns of being on the radio broadcasts because there was no
TV wasn’t anywheres around yet or it was just starting. So they had good press, and also during
this firestorm tour half the proceeds would go to a local charity at that time. So you know, people
were very supportive, it was something new and different. So they were coming out, because like
I said with gas rationing you can’t go too far (16:02). And so depending on what town it was,
how many people, sometimes two, three thousand sometimes maybe less. But we had fans and
they were very appreciative of grand ball we played.
Interviewer: “And what about when you played in Washington or New York Stadiums?
Was it, before a game; was there a crowd there already?
Yeah there was quite a few yeah, that was a big deal. Yeah that was before the Yankee games
there was a lot of people coming in. I don’t know if it was if they knew about the game. I’m sure
they must have but it was a lot of people.
Interviewer: “Alright, so you kind of go and you do that for three months. With fifteen
players on the team you are playing most of the games right?”
Oh yeah, about every game.
Interviewer: “Alright, how did you turn out as a second baseman?”
(16:59)
I guess very decent. I was involved in a lot of double plays and the first year I led my team in
almost every category, hits, runs, RBIs [?], home bases. I was involved in a triple play and I got
it unusually, there was no force outs, they were all tag players. And there was two girls on, the

�first and second a girl would bat hit the ball out to the outfield, a base hit, the girl on second
tried to score, well they threw the ball on then and run her down and tag her out. Well meanwhile
the girl on first rounded second going on towards third. Well when they got the other girl tagged
out they started to run her back and the girl that hit the ball she was heading towards second so I
was standing on second as they both came to second I just pop pop and one side and the other
and they were all out. So…
(18:01)
Interviewer: “Alright, well that’s pretty good. Ok, so if you were leading your team and
hitting double bases, were you stealing bases yourself?”
Oh yeah, yeah I had quite a few stolen bases.
Interviewer: “Ok, had you known anything about base stealing before you had joined the
league?”
No, not really. Just watching the major leagues and stuff like that so…
Interviewer: “Ok, were there particular tricks to it that you could use or could you read
certain pitchers or…?”
Well yeah. It depended on who was pitching, how slow they were, or what their rules were you
know…
Interviewer: “How many pitchers would a barnstorming team have?”
Let’s see, maybe about six I guess. I don’t know.
Interviewer: “Ok, so if you are always playing the same team than you probably learned
those pitchers pretty well?”
(18:56)
Well yeah, we had bets back and forth. If I get ahead of you tonight, you owe me a milkshake.
You strike me out, ok I’ll owe you one.
Interviewer: “Alright, of the people you were traveling around with are there some they
you became particularly good friends with, or just stand out in your mind as being really
distinctive characters or really good players?”
Yeah there was, there was several. There was a lot of them that were international, we had
Cubans, we had a few from Canada, and all over the states so. But we had a lot of good players,
too many to mention.
Interviewer: “Ok. Alright, so you get through that first season. What happens when that
season comes to an end?”

�Well you go home and you look for a job for the season, which again wasn’t really easy to find
but I had a high school girlfriend that was working in a small (20:00) automobile shop so they
happened to need some work so I got a job there, I sort of wish I hadn’t but it was work you
know. And, but towards the 1951 season started, January 30, 1951 I had a puncture accident. I
kind of messed my hand up a little bit, making Packard rings. You dart on and I kind of just
jerked it back at me and I got in the way and it got all my fingers. I didn’t get them all but it
messed up the others too. So that was in January and I did go to spring training in ’51. Which
they ended up not taking me, they didn’t want to be responsible. You can’t reach the ball with
your glove you kind of automatically reach with your bare hand (21:00) and they were afraid that
if I line drived or something like that that I would get my hand torn open again, it was still pretty
tender. I went to therapy like 3, 4 times a week just to be able to go to spring training. The doctor
said that most people would still be kind of carrying their hand in a sling, and I said, well I have
to play ball. But any way they did call me up towards the end of the season. They had other
injuries and of course my hand was a little better. So I went back and played a few games in ’51.
Interviewer: “And who did you play for?”
Battle Creek. Battle Creek drafted me after the 1950 season. I played second base there also. So
anyway that as in ’52, after leaving my team in 1950 it’s a little bit more difficult now and the
ball, to throw the ball and to grip a bat when some of the muscles don’t work. So I wasn’t feeling
as well, but I did go back in ’52. I played. Two weeks before the end of the season I was sliding
into second, Fort Wayne, twisted my ankle and Joe Fox [?] my manager carried me off the field.
So I was done for the ’52 season. So in ’53 when I got the call back I just didn’t go back. I got
another job. So then I was disappointed in myself because I knew how well I played the first year
and now I’m not batting any good, I guess fielding was ok but bat hand was suffering, and I
figured that really I was just keeping somebody else from playing and they should have a chance
(23:00) and of course not knowing it was the end of 1954 anyway it was the end of the season.
So after that you’re supposed to sit out five years before you go back to amateur softball after
playing in the professionals. But because of my injury one of the softball teams got my reinstated
after two years so I was able to go back and play fast pitch in softball.
Interviewer: “Did you go back to Lincoln Park for that or did you go somewhere else?”
Well Lincoln Park for, well you know I went back home and lived for a while, but I played all
over Michigan practically. Over eight or ten different teams throughout the year so we won a
state class A championship one year, and class B one year, class C. So then I played softball,
now softball I played whatever position, whatever they wanted, catching or outfield or infield.
Wherever they gave me I would play so.
(24:09)
Interviewer: “Now when you were playing softball on these teams, did people know that
you had played professional baseball?”
Probably not. I mean you know it wasn’t a well known thing. Even at work I didn’t really tell
them that I had played ball, that’s not true everybody played ball. So when the movie came out

�they asked why didn’t you tell us? I says because I did tell you, you just weren’t listening. But
that was my quite experience.
Interviewer: “Now after you left the league, did you stay in touch with any of the players or
any of the friends you had made?”
Oh yeah, yeah, I had a real good friend Jo (Joanne) McComb from Pennsylvania. And we visited
back in forth (25:00) for oh years. You know I would go there and she would come to my house
and meet my folks and meet her folks, stay in touch, and stay in touch with a lot of the others.
But not quite as close as that.
Interviewer: “Now as the League’s, the former players began to get there together and
create a players association, this kind of stuff before the Penny Marshall movie came out,
were you connected with that? Were you involved in any reunions or anything like that?”
Oh yeah, there was you know the first one. There was probably maybe two that I’ve might’ve
missed all through the years and that was probably because I was taking care of my father, so but
like I said all but probably two.
Interviewer: “And did you, were you involved with any of the things that are around,
connected with the movie?”
(25:57)
Yeah we went to Smokey Illinois for 1991 for try outs about sixty some were there and it was
about forty three, forty five went out of Cooperstown for the filming of the movie and so I was
there. We had a fan for the other movie, we’d stop and take a picture and walk in the hall of
fame. To give credit when we were at our reunion game I was the one that slid it home. Shirley
Burkovich was trying to tag me out but I was safe and she was a little mad but then I was playing
left field at one point and I had to help out on a rundown play between second and third, they
didn’t throw me the ball but I was running back and forth and when they zoomed on the bench I
was the first one that they zoomed in on and hand out players. We were there in Cooperstown for
eleven days for that five minutes at the end. So we know and appreciate why movies cost so
much putting us all up and everything like that, for that five minutes.
(27:10)
Interviewer: “Ok, you mentioned going to Smokey for try outs. Now you were already a
player, who was trying out there?”
Well, they wanted someone that was active enough and in good enough health to be able to do
some of these things and we were kind of like helping the actresses you know showing them
trying to show them how to throw the ball, how to catch the ball, throw it and things like that. So
when they said they didn’t want somebody they couldn’t move them around.
Interviewer: “And how did that go? How well did the actresses learn the job?”

�Well some of them, pretty well. I mean a couple of them were already pretty athletic. Betty and
Rosy O’Donnell (28:01). Madonna, she needed a little more work and some of the others. She
had her little dance steps kind of tone and all but they said she was one of the hardest working
ones and she got banged up and got hit the head with the ball, she was batting and different
things like that. And so she, I think, personal opinion as long as she wasn’t the star in the movie
she was ok. And we were a little apprehensive when we found out she was going to be in the
movie and Penny Marshall assured us that she would do good and it would be ok. Debra Winger
was actually supposed to play the part of Geena Davis and we don’t know why Debra Winger
backed out. We heard rumors that it was because Madonna was going to be in it. But you know
that was just a rumor, who knows? Could have been just a conflict with her schedule, it was a
great movie (29:04).
Interviewer: “Were you happy how the movie came out?”
Yeah I figured it was probably about 85% accurate. There was you know some Hollywood in
there you know, we certainly didn’t treat the chaperones like that poor lady and managers didn’t
come drunk or you know into the dressing room unless everyone was fully dressed and there
were allowed to come in or we would go out there so, but that was they had to make it funny and
that it was. But Penny Marshall, she was great and so were the actresses. Some of them actually
come to our reunions out there in California. There were about five of them last night we were
out in California so it’s really, it’s really nice.
Interviewer: “Kind of an unusual thing for a movie. Most movies don’t have that, quite
that amount of standing power or effect on things.”
(30:03)
Yeah.
Interviewer: “Now also, as you started to go into the reunions you got involved in actually
recording short interviews with the other players. Tell me a little bit about that.”
Well I always had my camera with me and I snapped pictures so the association asked if I would
be willing to I guess the board had talked about you know to start to preserve history. And they
asked me if I could do a few interviews and I was like “Yeah I always have my camera with
me”. So I started doing about 5 to 8 interview of all the ladies, and I’ve got about 184 of them
done now. They are about 5 to 8 minutes kind of, you know not as lengthy as we are doing here
but about how we got started, who they played for, their managers, the chaperones, and kind of
what they’ve done since and things like that. The short version maybe of the what’s going on
now.
(31:07)
Interviewer: “Sure. But it’s also very valuable because you got started a lot earlier before
we or other people did, so you’ve got stories of people that aren’t recorded anywhere else.”
Yeah because a lot of them are gone now. I do have short interviews and sorts. 31:22

�Interviewer: “And as we move forward with this project we will track down physically
where they are located and that information will go up on our website and so our project
here, but basically so we’ll make sure that people if they find us can also locate where those
are because they are going want to see as much as they can certainly. So alright…
Well if they can’t, I mean I’ve got copies of them. Of course they are on VHS and I’m not sure,
the longer I’m there they will deteriorate but…
Interviewer: “We’ll make sure that all that is digitized by somebody so we’ll still have it
certainly. Now as you look over your time while you were actually playing what do you
think the effect of that experience was on you? What did you take out of it or learn from it
they stayed with you?”
(32:07)
Well a lot of it would be like friendships I made. And you know it taught you to not be not be
afraid to be out in public, playing in front of 2,000 people who aren’t bashful and people. Of
course the discipline was always there but that always helps too. And just…almost everything
you know. Without that I don’t know where half of us would have been. It gave us the
opportunity to be able to go on to school, a lot of them did. I never did, my parents couldn’t
afford it so I wasn’t able to attend or continue but there are others that really had beautiful
opportunities to be doctors and teachers. It was a wonderful experience and you can’t even put
into words.
(33:09)
Interviewer: “What did you end up doing? Did you have a particular career? Or did you
just do different jobs?”
Well I worked at the Michigan Bell for 35 years. I was central office supervisor. And that was
inside the central office where the wiring and everything, way back before all this technology.
Ladders about two stories high and we would be running wires about a block long and dragging
them inside, there was a guy connecting them outside people’s houses soldering and having a
tool pouch on I was the supervisor of the ladies who did that so…
Interviewer: “Did it help you just to go out there and be a supervisor having worked with a
lot of people?”
Yeah I think so yeah. Just being out there I mean being on a ball field on a base is kind of like
directing traffic half the time you know and you just kind of take charge a little bit you know, I
mean play towards the outfield, you call a play and tell them where to throw the ball and this and
that, you are just kind of out there taking charge. Yeah so I believed that helped a lot.
(34:22)
Interviewer: “Alright, now you played a lot of softball. Did you do any coaching at any
time?”

�Yeah I did I coached a couple times the Wyandottes, some younger girls. And I coached one of
our teams that had a well class C I think championship and after that I kind just played so…
Interviewer: “Alright, and did you kind of follow the growth of women’s sports? Title IX?
Just adding more teams and things in the ’70’s and ‘80’s?”
(34:58)
Yeah I did quite a bit. In fact I played been playing slow pitch up until this year up in Warfield. I
was their pitcher and I kept telling my young kids as long as I can catch it or dodge it, I’ll play it.
But this year I was so busy with our reunion and fundraising and going to meetings and this and
that of course I still bowl and golf, I just really didn’t have time to play ball this year so. The
first year I haven’t played.
Interviewer: “Alright, now back to when you were actually playing. Did you think of the
league being this pioneering or significant or was it just playing ball?”
You know, it was just playing ball at first but I mean when everything else comes out the movie
and everything people keep telling you, you know thank you for this and that you know, then it
kind of registers. But originally I was doing what I loved to do (36:00) and you were getting
paid for it like a job so that didn’t really register until things just kept getting bigger and bigger
and getting fan mail from all over the country, kids and not just kids adults you know. Veterans
and stuff like that write wanting autographs, it’s just…it’s just awesome, it’s amazing. It just
blows my mind that people are still so interested in wanting all this stuff, our autographs and
pictures I just think it’s great. I just hope it never dies.
Interviewer: “Well we are doing our best to make sure that it doesn’t. Alright, you actually
got a good story and have done a good job telling it to us. Thanks for coming in and talking
to us today.”
Thank you. 36:47

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                    <text>··· .

Jewish Foundation for Ouistian Rescuers .
4000 Town Center, Suite 420
Southfield; Michigan 48075-1405

~~~
-~

.

••

Moral Courage During the Holocaust
and in a Post Holocaust World.

'1~ _
A

· Hol&lt;&gt;aU$lM~oria.1
~~

One Day Conference

_ .

.

.

..

,

WEDNE.SPAY, .QCTQBER. 23;.1991
.
. .
.

.

�Mllri4 Dumul, heroine of Huguenot history, writing "RESIST" Tdlere site tDOS imc
prisontll. Drtnoing by Slllfllld. Bastidi. ·

.

.

From gmeration to gmtnztion . , . Mme. Haitw (cmta bthind boy), 11 rescllel" ·

"Bllnality "[

/r/Jffl Le 01111nbcm, llppt!ll"8 here with four lldditional gmmltions of her family.
(from "Wtapans of the Spirit").

Eflil" "'J flllly Otitllgo, 1989 .

·"

The Jewish Fou~da~ion f_or Chri~tian·Rescuers ·.

·

· _ _. -·_ -~.-: . of.the
.

·

.

·

.

· ·: -··An.J i-Defamation League
.

.
in cooperatio~ with • . .
The HoJocaust Memorial Center . ·

presents

Moral Courage During the Holocaust
and in a Post Holocaust World
.

..

. .Wednesday, ·October 23,1991
_:· .on the ca~pus of
. The_Jewish -~ o~munity Ce~ter .
·West Bloomfield, Michigan_. ·

"Moral Courage During .t he Hol~caus~ and i11: ·a Post Holocaust World" is a oneday co~ference .examining from .historical and psychological perspectives;.the
questions: What .were the motivations of those righteous few during ·the Holo- ·
caust? Why were there so few people U?ho acted righteously? . Can the moral-under-.
. · pinnings of th~ righteous be taught and practiced today?
·

of

· _· Designed for:·att ethnically diver~e group
edu~ator~, religious leaders_an·d :
other interested parties, the conference will serve as a catalyst - for 'further
.discussion and dissemination
information and will promote· creative and
· 'effective ways of teaching and helping to put into practice valu_es of righteous.ness and moral courage. . .
. .
.
.
.
.

of

s

••

,·

�:· MORAL COURAGE ..
... . . .

.

'

'·. . .

·Wednesday, c;&gt;c!ob_er 23, 1991

_Program .·
8:30A.M. - . ·

'

...

_,

REGISTRATION AND CONTINENTAL BREAKFAST
,1 MORNING SESSION - "Historical Perspectives" · _....
OPTION A
.· . .._. - .. .
-: ·.
.
. • . Dr. ·-oavid Wyman ·_
· ·. ·..
·
• Response: . Dr. ·Melvin Small · ·
. Moderator:
pr. .·Guy
Stem ... :
. .
.
.
.

9:30 -A.M.

,

OPTION u·

_· .

._

:.'

.• · Audio Visual Presentation ..

.

.

Viewing and discussion of a ·sampling 'o f films curr~ntly available ..
on the subjects of the Holocaust, Hidden Children -and :i;no:ral
courage. ·. .
.
. .
.
.
..· .
· Moderator: Dr. Carol Rittner

.

NOON - l_:00 P.M:

LUNCH .
.
Program to be announced . _ -

·

1:lSP~~s
P.M.__. -.-..
. .
.

u· AFTERNOON sESSION . "Psycholog~ Perspectives"
. ·

·· ·

· • · Dr. Yehudah Nir
• · Response: Dr. Emanuel Tanay
·
. Moderator: _Dr. · Guy Stem .

OPTION A · · · ··.

·

.

·

. or:rioNs · . .

,

.·

-

.

. ·· • Audio Visual Presentation continued
·. : .Moderator: Dr. Carol Rittner '
i3REAK' · - ·.

3:15 P.M:-.3:30 P.M. ·. .

··.

3:30 P.M. - 5:00 P;M.
:

· ,· ·

.

.

OPTIONA ·.

.

Small group
discussions to be facilitate4 by staff and other
,. guests . .·
.·
.

.

.

. OPTION B ·,

.

.

.

. . ~ Independent viewing of the Holocaust Memorial Center; .
·. · ··. Docents available . ·. . · . · . . : · · ' .· . · ·
~

5:00 P.M. - 7:30 P.M.

. . BREAK/INDEPENDENT DINNER
·
, .

7:30P.M.
.

~

··•

'

: III EVENiNG SESSION::. PUBLIC-LECTURE :
• Keynote Speaker: -Professor David Wyman . - ..
· · _Summarizing the day's events ang. looking tQ the future .
• : .DESSERT RECEPTION . . . . ·_: '
' .
.

"The evil that men do lives after them; the good is oft interred with their bones."
Wm. Shakespeare (Julius Caesar, Act 3) .

· · :A~ti-Defamat_ion League of B'n~i B'i.ith -·. · ·
4000.TownCenter

~

·suite420 • .Southfield,Michfgan48075-1405

• ·_ ~313)355~3730

. PRINTED ON RECYCLED. PAPER
.

..

1,,J ·

�The Jewish Foundation for Christian Rescuers
The Jewish Foundation for Christian Rescuers is a program of th,e Anti~DefamationLeague. The Foundation provides
recognition of and support to individuals who rescued Jews during the Nazi Holocaust.
The Foundation:
•

sponsors conferences, publications and films on moral courage, altruism, and other
ethical and educational implications of the rescuers' acts;
·

•

provides modest grants to over 650 rescuers in 15 countries who are in finandal need; and

•

organizes, through its Reyim ("friends") project, regular volunteer visitation, phone
contact, and other services to isolated rescuers;

•

The Foundation's program budget is raised entirely by public support. We thank you
for your support!

This conference has been made possible through a generous contribution from the Carol and Joel Dorfman
Educational Foundation. TheJewish Foundation for Christian Rescuers gratefully appreciates their.support.

·

The .Participants

·

.

·

Yehudah Nir - Dr. Nir is an Associate Professor of Psychiatry at Cornell Medical College, Cornell University. A
recognized authority on the psychological aspects of victimization, he is the author of The Lost Childhood.

Sister Caro'I Rittner, R.S.M. - Dr. Rittneds the co-producer of the AcademyAward nominated documentary
film, "The Courage to Care".· She is widely sought to speak on the subject of moral righteousness_.
Melvin Small - Dr. Small, a Professor of History at Wayne State University has focused on the historical context
of The Holocaust and will offer his insights during the morning session.

Guy Stern - Dr. Stem is Distinguished Professorof German_and Comparative Literature at Wayne State University.
The author of several books and pamphlets incl tiding "Nazi BookBurningand the American Response", he is expert in
the literature of exiles. Dr. Stem will serve as Moderator of the Conference.
Emanuel Tanay -Dr. TanayisProfessorof Psychiatry at Wayne State University. Himselfahiddenchild,hehas
gained international recognition as a forensic psychiatrist.
David Wyman - Dr. Wyman is Professor of History and Judaic Studies at the University of Massachusetts,
Amherst. The authorof the Abandonment of the Jews, he will open the Conference's morning Session and be the Keynote
Speaker during the Evening Program.

----------. -------. REGISTRATION
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - · -Moral Courage During the Holocaust and in a Post Holocaust World Program - Wednesday, October 23, 1991
·
Jewish Community Center Campus, West Bloomfield, Michigan ·
Names of all participants are required; guests are welcome.
If you h_ave any questions, please call the AOL office, (313) 355-3730

-----'-----------------•FEES:

NAME
ADDRESS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

OCCUPATION/TITLE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

$ 35.00perpe.rson,
. No._ at$ 35.. 00
includes Options A or B, Conference
materials, Continental Breakfast, Lunch
. and Dessert Reception following the ·
Evening Program

$ _ _ __

HOME PHONE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ WORKPHONE
GUEST _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
ADDRESS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
OCCUPATION/TITLE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
HOME PHONE - - - - ' - - - - - - ' - - W O R K PHONE______

Please provide additional guest information on a separate sheet

$ 25.00 per person, includes
Options A or B, Conference
materials, Continental Breakfast,
and Lunch.

No._at$25.00 $ _ _ __

$18.00perperson, Evening
Program only including
Dessert Reception. .

No._at$18.00

Student rates available
on request,

TOTAL
ENCLOSED.

$ _ _ __

$ _ _ _--'

Make check payable to Jewish Foundation for Christian Rescuers/ AOL/MI
·
.
Please return regiStration form and remittance to:
Jewish Foundation for Christian Rescuers, c/o Anti-Defamation League • 4000 Town Center,Suite 420, Southfield, Michigan48075

�ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUE OF B'NAI B'RITH
National Chairperson: Melvin Salberg
NationalDirector: Abraham H. Foxman

MIOilGAN COMMITI'EE

JEWISH FOUNDATION FOR OIRISTIAN
RESCUERS/AOL
.
Chairperson: Fran Gross Linden

JEWISH FOUNDATION FOR
CHRISTIAN RESCUERS/ ADL
Founding Chairperson: Rabbi Harold M. Schulweis
Chairperson: E. Robert Goodkind
Director: Dennis B. Klein
MI OUGAN REGIONAL OFFICE

ANTI.:.DEFAMATION LEAGUE OF B'NAI B'RITH
President: Norman H. Beitner
Director: RichardLopenthal

Committee
Esther Applebaum
Cheryl Bloom
Rabbi Ernst Conrad
Carol Fogel
Jay Gerber
Howard Goldberg
Barry J. Goodman
Tammy Gorosh
Nancy Grand
Greg Herman
Jonathan Jaffa
Nancy Kurland Simpson

Rene Lieberman
Lisa Mendelson
Paula Milgrom
Shelley Nadiv
Judi Rosen
Cheryl Scott
Cherie Selis
Michelle Sider
Charles Soberman
Leslie Taub
Arlene Victor
Harold Zucker

Vice Presidents
Gene A. Farber
Barry J. Goodman
Fran Gross Linden
Ruth Lando
Sheri T. Schiff

HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL CENTER

Rabbi Charles Rosenzveig
Founder &amp; Executive Vice President
Founded by:.ShaarH Haplaytah
For Information on the HMC, tours or membership applications,
contact the Holocaust Memorial Center
6602 W . Maple Road, West Bloomfield, MI 48322 • (313) 661-0840

JEWISH FOUNDATION FOR CHRISTIAN RESCUERS • · 4000 Town Center, Suite 420, Southfield, MI 48075 • (313) 355"3730

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Thursday
November 18, 2004
9:00 p.m.

1,J
i,.,

I

Free and
Open to the Public

Presentation to be followed by a question and answer session.
For more information call GVSU Women's Center, (616) 331.2748
or www.gvsu.edu/women_ctr
Co-Sponsors:
GVSU Women's Center, Eyes Wide Open Sexual Assault Education Group, GVSU
Men's Rugby Team, Voices for Healthy Choices, GRIID (Grand Rapids Institute for
Information Democracy), Greek President's Council, GVSU Compass Program, GVSU
Counseling &amp; Career Development Center, The Nokomis Foundation, Men's
Resource Center/Holland, NCAA and The Center for Women in Transition/Holland

@
GRANDVALLEY
STATE UNIVERSITY
WOMEN'S CENTER

�</text>
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Veterans History Project
Don Morell
(01:00:18)
(00:10) Background Information
• Don was born in Ludington, MI in 1926 and raised in Muskegon, MI
• His father worked in a factory
• Don had been at church when Pearl Harbor was attacked and realized that he
wanted to join the Navy
• Don did not finish high school, but enlisted in 1944 when he was 17 year old
(6:30)Great Lakes Naval base in Chicago, IL
• Don went through basic training in January for six weeks
• They only had basic training and no time for any advanced training
• Don was taught Navy rules and guidelines, weaponry, physical exercises, and
spent a short amount of time on nautical knots
• They were then shipped to California and waiting to go overseas
• Don waited about six weeks in California and was able to go out at night to watch
movies
(11:00) Overseas
• Don boarded a troop transport ship and left California
• He did not know anyone on the boat and the water was very rough; many people
were getting sick
• They arrived in Pearl Harbor in April and it was a beautiful place, though there
was still much damage from the attack
• Don was then called to be a passenger on a sub, which was strange because only
he and one other man were pulled
• They later found out that they were going to Midway, but did not know why they
were chosen
• Don chose to work in submarine service so that he would not be stuck on the
small island of Midway
• He was assigned to a Submarine Relief Crew to help prep subs for switching over
crews and locations
(16:05) Midway
• Don was sent to Midway and continued to help switch over crews on subs
• He was there during his 18th birthday, which was D Day in Europe
• Don worked at Midway for six months until December 1
• He spent much time fishing, catching tuna, shark, and dolphin
• Don was later brought back to Pearl Harbor to form a new Squadron Relief Crew
(18:45) Brisbane, Australia
• Don then traveled to Australia and took a train across the country to Perth

�•
•
•
•
•

Every area of Australia had different gauges on the trains, so they constantly had
to switch to different trains as they traveled
Don traveled along the coast through Sydney, Melbourne, and through the desert
They ate mutton three times a day and it made many of the men sick
Don continued to work on refitting submarines and was eventually called out to
go on submarine service
He was not worried at the time, but later learned that 1 in 5 subs were sank

(24:40) First Submarine Patrol
• Don had been very eager to go out on his first sub patrol
• On the first night they had damaged a small freighter and after a destroyer had
been looking for them the next day; they sank the destroyer
• The Americans were very much in control of the Japanese shipping lanes
• Don was a lookout, working one hour on and one hour off
• He learned a lot while he worked on the sub because he had such a short training
experience in Chicago
• Don also worked on the air manifold
(31:10) Sinking Ships
• Altogether they sank about 11 ships
• After sinking a ship, they could expect a depth charge attack
• There were about 4 depth charge attacks that were quite close
• The worst experience was when they had been on the surface and the radar had
not picked up a plane nearby, which dropped two bombs very close to the sub
• The sub was usually submerged during the day and on the surface at night
(36:50) Daily Sub Life
• Don did not mind being submerged for half the time and not seeing sunlight; he
slept most of the time
• The men spent time watching movies, reading, and playing cards
• Free time was boring and most of the men slept for 12 hours a day
• They had two large meals a day at 8 am and 8 pm
(44:20) End of the War
• Don had R &amp; R in Australia for two weeks and really had a great time
• The Australians were very nice and treated the Americans well
• He had been in Australia when the war ended and the bars had to close early
because they were all out of beer and liquor
• Don was then sent back to the US through the Panama Canal
• Everyone that 18 months or more overseas was immediately discharged
• Those who were older or had dependants were then discharged
• Don was still only 18 years old and so he had to continue working
• He was decommissioning submarines for about 6 hours a day and had nights off
(50:50) Discharged May 1946

�•
•
•

After being discharged, Don traveled back to Muskegon and began working for
the telephone company for about four months
He then worked for a friend in a heating outfit for a few months and later opened
his own heating company, where he worked until he retired
Don joined the VFW and the Submarines Veterans of World War II

�</text>
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                    <text>Grand Valley State University
Veterans History Project Interview
Interviewee’s Name: Daniel J. Morley
Name of War: Other veterans &amp; civilians
Length of Interview: (00:16:00)

Pre-West Point
Born in 1968 in Youngstown, OH (0:06)
Went to an all Catholic private school (0:20)
Went to West Point in 1987 after a year at the University of Michigan (0:38)
Military was his first choice, but had to try twice to get in (0:57)

West Point
Loved training, and West Point had the money to let them be trained on anything
they might encounter in the military (1:05)
Very professional training (1:30)
Was at West Point for four years (1:45)
It was partially educational, but also had to do many physical things like obstacle
courses (1:50)
Also had to do military-related things in the summers: Drill sergeant, worked with
a mayor (2:15)
Single mission of West Point is to build leaders (2:30)
Totally different world in West Point (3:00)
Food was pretty good at West Point, very nutritious (3:35)
Went through 4 years at West Point through the same class, made many friends
(4:15)
Freshman year is purposefully stressful (8:20)
Have to memorize an incredible amount of things (8:30)
Many great opportunities while at West Point (9:00)
Went to airborne school after West Point (13:30)
Went to El Paso so he could work with the Patriot Missile system (13:40)
Spent 2 years in Washington, never saw combat (14:00)

Post-West Point
Military isn’t a good family job, became a teacher after West Point (4:30)
Easy transition, got his current job because he went to West Point (5:00)
Wants his kids to serve, but also doesn’t want them to die (5:40)
Went to the University of Puget Sound for his teaching degree (14:30)

�Returned to the Midwest to teach (14:45)
Would never go back, but it was a great experience (15:30)

�</text>
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                  <text>The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs.</text>
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Boring, Frank</text>
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                <text>Dan Morley was born in 1968 in Youngstown, Ohio. After a year at the University of Michigan, he was accepted at the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in the United States Army from 1987 to 1993, earning the title of 2nd Lieutenant. Morley never saw combat. After the service, he became a teacher. After his time at West Point was over, he received his teaching degree from the University of Puget Sound and teaches in Michigan.   </text>
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                <text>Oral history</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="552032">
                <text>Veterans History Project (U.S.)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="552033">
                <text>United States--History, Military</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="552034">
                <text>Michigan--History, Military</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="552035">
                <text>Veterans</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="552036">
                <text>Video recordings</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="552037">
                <text>Other veterans &amp; civilians--Personal narratives, American</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="552038">
                <text>United States. Army</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="552039">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="552040">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en"&gt;In Copyright&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="552041">
                <text>Moving Image</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="552042">
                <text>Text</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="552047">
                <text>Veterans History Project (U.S.)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="552077">
                <text>2007-05-27</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="567817">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455"&gt;Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="795287">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="797334">
                <text>video/mp4</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1031407">
                <text>Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
