727 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d230849e636f1c2a2fbeb8f383cb4a79.jpg 89b4ef1f80861e202551bdb23b4eb1d6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-Red-Misc-34 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962-07-16 Title A name given to the resource Mister Roberts Description An account of the resource A scan of a playbill that includes the cast in order of appearance for the Red Barn Theatre's productions of Mister Roberts and The Music Man. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Community theater Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file collected by the Kutsche Office of Local History from the Saugatuck Douglas History Center for the Stories of Summer project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/eac7ccc2bbdc1b0f8d6517db3f2a02fb.jpg f5867486ce5d038f6bb70e6b7a88460e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1970s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000929 Title A name given to the resource Mister Rogers' Neighborhood Description An account of the resource Mister Rogers' Neighborhood. Subject The topic of the resource Events Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6a6f72e8d06ce3e0643794213cb252a7.jpg acc8ff6cd70e4b6cc13bfdbbc464c577 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Decorated Publishers' Bindings Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Description An account of the resource From the early 1870s to roughly 1930, many publishers issued their commercial book covers with a remarkable variety of graphic designs and illustrations. This sixty-year period saw many artists and designers contributing to this art form. While some can be identified from their style or initials, others remain unknown. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Michigan Novels Collection Regional Historical Collection Lincoln and the Civil War Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-30 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a>, <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source Seidman Rare Books. PS3539.H87 M57 1901 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01_Bindings0402 Title A name given to the resource Mistress Brent: A Story of Lord Baltimore's Colony in 1638 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sacker, Amy M. (Designer) Description An account of the resource Binding of Mistress Brent: A Story of Lord Baltimore's Colony in 1638, by Lucy Meacham Thruston, published by Little, Brown, & Company, 1901. Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ca09c852ea75abc87d53c685085ffd83.mp4 e229210d7d5b1d1f32f2c5bc7b9effa0 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5089889f044272d52aba94100cbff991.pdf b30b2deb4be8808396e689da948c4947 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Joseph Mitch (48:46) (00:20) Background Information • • • • • • Joseph was born in Pennsylvania in 1919 His father was a coal miner and his mother stayed at home Joseph finished school through the third grade After that he sold scrap metal that he had found on the streets He eventually became a loan shark and made 25% interest He also made money betting on games (2:45) The Army • • • Joseph was drafted into the Army in 1941 They almost rejected him because of his low IQ He trained at Camp Polk, Louisiana; they did not like Northerners there and were pretty prejudiced (5:30) Training • • • They did a lot of training out in the desert They did not have to march around in camps He worked on tank destroyers (8:00) Loan Sharking • • • • Many enlisted men borrowed from him and he made tons of money The other officers thought he was just a “flunkie” Joseph can’t read but he has a very good memory The food in the service was not very good (10:15) England • • • • He went before the invasion, in 1942 and was there for 3 or 4 years Joseph never got seasick while traveling on the ocean liner with convoys They did not communicate much with the British military On his time of he would visit London and they had a lot of nice shops �(16:50) Combat • • • • They got involved in combat right away The hedge rows were hard to fight in His tank destroyer was never hit Joseph also helped infantry in Normandy (19:50) France • He said that the French were happy to see them • They did not experience much combat while traveling through France • They did have to fight in some forests • There was lots of battle damage in France (26:15) Germany • There the people were strong and tough to deal with • Joseph was able to learn quite a bit of German • They traveled to the far East of Germany • He was still in Germany when the war was over (31:45) The End of the War • Joseph was surprised when he heard that the war was over • He was in Europe when Japan was bombed • Many men thought they would have to go on to Japan (33:30) The End of his Service • Joseph was still a loan shark after the war • He bought a house in Pennsylvania • He did not get married until 1947 • Lots of people did not like him because of his occupation and how well off it made him • The Army did not affect his life very much afterwards (39:00) The Battalion • Joseph worked with all the same men for the whole period that he was in the service • Most of them were Northerners and discriminated against by those from the South � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MitchJ Title A name given to the resource Mitch, Joseph (Interview outline and video), 2007 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mitch, Joseph Description An account of the resource Joseph Mitch was born in Pennsylvania in 1919 and drafted into the Army in 1941. He had gone to school only through the third grade, and never learned to read. Because of his illiteracy, he scored poorly on aptitude tests, and the Army almost did not take him because of his low IQ. Before being drafted, Joseph had made money as a loan shark, and he continued to do so through the service and afterwards. Mitch traveled to England, Germany, and France where he served in a Tank Destroyer battalion in the 3rd Armored Division, and was discharged in 1946. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Video recordings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-10-30 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0ee9d1500ed183336b32f37fb60cdcae.jpg f28d9590e05aec3492b5b4d7e7aa6102 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MitchellConnie Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Mitchell, Connie Description An account of the resource Connie Mitchell Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/bf18dc26efcad9fb3f821b2d48967ac3.mp4 6634ce8a80faa3a1ddbcf0ecb2404092 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2b8b0bdcaa2db20c1144ec9ad6e2ec05.pdf 385f19eb59bb3bfb2536f0cb470b2fc9 PDF Text Text Mitchell, David Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Name of War: Vietnam War Interviewee’s Name: David Mitchell Length of Interview: (59:32) Interviewed by: James Smither Transcribed by: Maluhia Buhlman Interviewer: “We’re talking today with David Mitchell of Show Low, Arizona the interviewer is James Smither of the Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project. Okay start us off with some background on yourself.” I was born in a small town, basically a farming community Auburn, Indiana. The industry we had there was all centered around the automotive industry out of Michigan for the most part. Interviewer: “What year were you born?” (00:27) 1949. Interviewer: “Okay and then did you grow up there?” I grew up there, graduated from high school. Interviewer: “What year did you graduate?” 1967, ventured off to Purdue University, after the first semester of my sophomore year they felt that I was probably the smartest person in the world and I didn’t need to come back. So in other words I pretty much blew it off, but I wasn’t ready for college. I didn't know that, but I wasn’t. Interviewer: “Now why had you gone to college to begin with?” �Mitchell, David That was primarily my mom and dad’s wish because neither one of them actually had an opportunity to go to college, even though my father should’ve he was a brilliant man but– Interviewer: “What kind of work had your father done?” He was a journeyman electrician. Interviewer: “Alright, now so when do you actually– When do you get drafted then?” April 3rd, 1969. Interviewer: “Okay, at that point I mean how much did you know about Vietnam and all that?” Some, not a lot but the interesting thing is my father was inducted into the Army April 3rd, 1942, same day. (1:49) It was an ongoing thing Vietnam but remember I was born and raised in a small town Indiana, right Fort Wayne was the biggest city within any distance. There were almost– You know there were no racial issues to speak of at the time 1969. When I went to college it was my first induction– Introduction to the fact that some kids hated their parents, right? I never heard that before, you kidding me? Not in Auburn, didn’t happen, so– But after my stellar performance at Purdue I pretty much figured out what the inevitability was going to be in the near future, so yeah. Interviewer: “Alright, so and now I guess while you were at Purdue did you– Was there a kind of counter culture on campus there, did you have hippies or things like that that you noticed?” No, Purdue was an overgrown Auburn you know it was a farming– Primarily an agriculture school right and the only thing they cared about was soybeans and corn and wheat, and they had some other good programs. Engineering is what I started in and they had a wonderful engineering program I just didn’t excel at it enough. �Mitchell, David Interviewer: “Okay, so we’re now– We’ve made it now to April of ‘69, now you’re reporting for basic training so where do you go?” I left Auburn at like four o’clock in the morning, took a bus to Indianapolis, from there we were assigned whatever we were gonna do. Some of them went to the marines, it was a scary thing for them poor boys but– And I ended up in Fort Knox. Interviewer: “Did you notice how it was determined who went to the Marines?” I think I’ve got a pretty good idea, they never said specifically but I think a lot of it had to do with criminal records, speeding violations, drug and alcohol problems– [Shuffling] Interviewer: “Make sure you pass in front of the camera. Okay, alright so basically it wasn’t a system like every third guy goes to the Marines or anything like that there were just certain lucky people.” (4:13) They might like to think that’s what they thought it was but that’s not what it was. Interviewer: “Okay, so where did you go for basic training?” Fort Knox, Kentucky. Interviewer: “Okay, what kind of reception did you get when you showed up there?” It was typical like everything else, I can remember we didn’t get there till late in the evening right and so they fed us and you know we had our first police call and basically the drill sergeant said “Boys here’s the first lesson you gotta learn, if God didn’t put it there it’s got to go.” I mean you police the barrack area right, cigarette butts, paper, it didn’t matter what it was and then we �Mitchell, David were issued our fatigues and boots and you know Army only has two sizes, too big and too small. Interviewer: “Alright, and then how easy or hard was it for you to adjust to Army life?” It was pretty easy for me from the standpoint that I grew up working right, I mean I worked a lot on the farm. So you get up at dawn, you go to bed at dark and in between it was whatever, probably the thumb on discipline was probably the hardest thing for me to get used to. I was not used to that, I pretty much was given a lot of freedom and flexibility when I was growing up. Interviewer: “Alright, now were there other guys who were training alongside you who were having trouble?” A lot of them. Interviewer: “What kinds of things?” (5:50) They were– One thing they came from broken families, some of them, they didn’t know how to work, they were overweight, they didn’t want to exercise, they had a bad attitude right. I mean I went into it with the outlook of this, you know it’s inevitable this is going to happen so you might as well make the best of it. You screwed up college so you got another chance to do something in your life that isn’t a blooming failure. So that’s what I did you know I tried, I tried to do the best I could I maxed my PT test you know. Interviewer: “Alright and then what impression did you have of your drill instructors?” I hated them right until I got into my first firefight in Vietnam. Interviewer: “So what was it that– What did you recognize once you had that first firefight, what was it that they had done for you?” �Mitchell, David They made you be aware of what you were going to face and experience and how to deal with it. The hardest part about– And I was talking with Bob or somebody last night, you know anyone who was in Vietnam in a firefight or in Vietnam in the infantry who professed not to be scared, they’re not telling the truth. Now the fear– As soon as you started the firefight the fear went away right and then when it was over you gradually moved back into that “Well here we go again.” Right but when you’re in the middle of a firefight you just, you do what you gotta do, you know and there was a saying that was in the 101st at least in my unit and probably yours too. When somebody got killed, okay this is one of the hard things to learn, when somebody in your unit was killed on a firefight they went from an asset to a liability okay and there was a phrase that was coined, or at least was there when I was there, that said “Don’t mean nothing, drive on.” And it took people a long time to understand what that really meant and that is a lot of where survivor’s remorse comes in because you used to have to step over dead guys, your brothers, to go finish the mission and you always had it in the back of your mind that “We’ll come back and take care of you, we’ll come back and get you but right now we don’t got time.” Interviewer: “Alright, let’s roll back now so you get through your basic training.” (8:35) Yeah. Interviewer: “And how long was that?” Eight weeks I think. Interviewer: “Okay, what’s your next stop?” Fort Polk, Louisiana AIT. Interviewer: “Alright, the Advanced Individual Training and describe what that program was like.” �Mitchell, David It was hot, it was sweaty, it was July and it was just a step above what basic training was. Basic training was basically a fitness training program with, you know, some tactics thrown in here and there, AIT was a little more advanced. They assumed that you lost the weight you were gonna lose and developed the muscle you were gonna get and so it was more of a tactical process if you will. Interviewer: “So how were you spending your time?” Working in the field, we did a lot of physical therapy. Interviewer: “Or training?” I mean physical training, well physical therapy too but we spent a lot of time on the rifle range, we spent a lot of time going through basically map skills and understanding what we had available to us as an infantry soldier in the field. What, you know what we had, do we have machine guns, we had aircraft, we had jets, we had you know pistols, we had bayonets. Thank God we never had to use those, except to kill the spider and so it was just a continuation on with that. Interviewer: “Okay and how much of it was geared for Vietnam?” (10:15) Every bit of it was geared to it, the problem at the time I went through it a lot of the tactics were World War II tactics and they weren’t really jungle warfare type stuff. Interviewer: “What would be the difference between those?” Basic– One of the basic differences was we never– Unless you were going to cordon off an area you never got online and attacked in Vietnam we walked single fire, much separation, point man, slack man, rear guard. So it’s not like we were fighting in the trenches in Germany or storming the beaches in, you know, in France or wherever they were. It was you had to figure out how to tactically move in the jungle environment and that’s what when I went to NCO school I learned. �Mitchell, David Interviewer: “Okay, how was it that you wound up going to NCO school?” I volunteered. Interviewer: “Okay, and how does that work within the Army, they want people and what– Do they put out a call or?” They ask for basically anybody who was interested and then they, I think I’m gonna guess, I think they do a review of your performance because in every aspect of the military there’s always a performance rating that goes along with it. Sometimes you know what it is, sometimes you don’t. Interviewer: “Okay now was this at Fort Polk where they did that?” No, Fort Benning. Interviewer: “No but I mean in terms of when they were–” (11:55) Oh yes it was right at the end of AIT. Interviewer: “Okay, alright and so what motivated you to sign up for that?” I’ll be quite honest with you, the more I could learn, the better information I could have, the better I was gonna have a chance of coming home from Vietnam and that was basically the motivation. Interviewer: “Alright, so now Fort Benning now becomes your next stop and describe a little bit what the NCO school was like.” �Mitchell, David It was a graduate program in– For us, in leadership skills, tactics because that’s what we were being trained for, basically front line supervision right, and so it was just– It was a compounding of what you had learned in AIT with a new more advanced aspect of the training and I found it was more designed around Vietnam because all of the instructors had been there at least once if not twice, sometimes three times. Interviewer: “And so now you were learning to operate differently rather than line up and charge.” Yeah, I mean you still had the fun opportunity of crawling through mud and barbed wire and all that stuff but that’s just part of what we– What you still probably do, I don’t know. Interviewer: “Alright, and how long did you spend there?” I think it was eight or ten weeks. Interviewer: “Okay, and now once you complete that do they give you any additional work before they send you to Vietnam?” (13:40) Yeah then we went to– I went back to Fort Polk as a training sergeant in a basic training unit– Or an AIT unit in that case. Interviewer: “Okay, and what were your duties?” We were basically, we called them barrack sergeants, you know you were responsible for everybody in that barrack. To make sure they were up, trained, you know disciplined properly, physical train properly, and then you would lead them in a lot of the exercises that you would do. So that’s where we developed the hands-on leadership skills that you don’t always get by doing it in a group. �Mitchell, David Interviewer: “Alright, so here you’re actually giving orders to other people in order to make them behave.” Oh yeah, you have to I mean it’s part of the discipline program. Interviewer: “Okay, now when you had gone through basic and AIT yourself, had you noticed those guys? The new sergeants do they kind of stand out from the other ones?” I didn’t see any of them until AIT, in basic training everybody that– Our drill sergeants were all– Interviewer: “Veterans.” They’re veterans, been in Vietnam and they only had one mission in mind and that was to try to get you in a position where you can come home. Interviewer: “Alright, okay so now you’ve gone through all of this stuff, so by the time you finish– How long was the stint then at Fort Polk as a trainer, how long did you stay there?” (15:22) Eight weeks. Interviewer: “Okay so it’s another eight weeks so basically you work with one group–” One rotation, yeah. Interviewer: “Alright, and now do they give you time off before going to Vietnam?” Yeah I was off 30 day leave I believe. Interviewer: “Okay, and then where do you leave the states from?” �Mitchell, David Fort Lewis, Washington. Interviewer: “Okay, and at this point did you have orders for a particular unit or you’re just going to be a replacement?” We went to a replacement company in Cam Ranh Bay. Interviewer: “Alright, now how did they get you to Vietnam?” On a Flying Tiger airline. Interviewer: “Okay, and do you remember where they stopped?” Stopped in Anchorage, Alaska and Yokota Air Force Base in Japan. Interviewer: “Okay, did you get off the plane in Alaska?” (16:05) Yeah, they were refueling, I got off, it was pretty brief I mean we didn’t have a whole lot of time to go to the bar and drink or anything so, but yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, alright so you go there and Cam Ranh Bay you said is where you landed?” Cam Ranh Bay. Interviewer: “Okay, did you come in during the day or night?” During the day. Interviewer: “Okay, and what was your first impression?” �Mitchell, David David what in the hell are you doing here? It was hot and it was just like stepping off the plane in Fort Polk in July, you know it’s a stark realization that, and I think Bob had mentioned it, this is if you can’t get back on the plane they ain’t taking you home today right. So that was basically it, I mean you had an inkling about what it might be about, you didn’t really know. Interviewer: “Okay, and how long did you spend in Cam Ranh Bay?” Oh we were probably there three days, two or three days before we were given our assignment and then we were sent up north. Interviewer: “Okay, and do you remember anything about how you spent your time in those couple of days there?” I don’t really. Interviewer: “Okay, but do you think– They didn’t give you bunker duty or anything like that?” (17:20) No, they didn’t give us anything to do initially and we went up to Phu Bai in northern I Corps and we went through our in-country training search, is what they call it. Interviewer: “Okay, so 101st Airborne you get there so you got there for Screaming Eagles replacement training and for a newly minted sergeant, now what was that experience like did the training school there do you any good?” Not really, the best– The best training that I got in my entire career in the Army was the first week in the field with the sergeant that I was replacing, Jerry Bull. Interviewer: “Alright, so what unit do you join?” Delta company the 2nd 501st. �Mitchell, David Interviewer: “Alright, and where were they when you joined them?” They were just getting off a stand out so we were getting ready to deploy. Interviewer: “Okay, and what kind of reception do you get when you join them?” Like any other brand new cherry that comes into the country, you know it’s– You know the things where you know give it a week or so and you’ll stop pissing stateside water, and the only thing they didn’t tell me that you figure out pretty quick, you don’t wear underwear in Vietnam unless you want to live with ringworm. Interviewer: “Okay, now when you first join the unit do you get any responsibility or you’re just supposed to watch?” I just basically spent my time with the sergeant I was replacing. Yeah it was not like I didn’t do anything but it was basically at his direction and discretion what he asked me to do initially. Interviewer: “Okay, so now when you go out in the field do you fly out, walk out?” (19:13) We were airmobile, we flew in helicopters. Interviewer: “Okay, and so you first go out in the field with the unit– What do you remember about that first week?” I remember that the only mountains in Vietnam go up, they don’t go down, you climb to the top of one, they fly you to the bottom of another. On my birthday, April 8th, I got that ARCOM medal for valor and then on April– Interviewer: “How did that happen?” �Mitchell, David It was in a firefight that– We actually had gotten ambushed and we just– My squad was the one that was in– Walking point for the platoon and so we maneuvered and removed the threat, if you will, and then on April 15th I got my first purple heart and that was on a place that you’ve heard of before called [sound like re-uk-hill] cause we were Delta Company 2nd 501st was actually a swing battalion for the 101st Airborne. What that meant was wherever there was trouble someone in that unit would go, Delta Company happened to be selected as the swing company for the swing battalion, at least while I was there. So Bravo Company was on [re-uk-hill] and they were in a bit of a bind and so we went in to try to help them. Interviewer: “And so, what happened to you?” I got shot, well shrapnel actually. Interviewer: “Do you know what it was from, was it mortar or RPG?” It was an RPG. Interviewer: “Okay, and when you’re in one of these firefights do you see the enemy at all or just?” (21:07) Sometimes but not very often. Interviewer: “How long would these things last?” They could last anywhere from 30 seconds to 15 minutes basically, as Bob had explained earlier, trail watchers a lot of times they were there only to delay you right. So they’d fire a magazine or two and then they were gone because they knew what they Americans would do right. We would set up a defensive position, we’d fire, their whole intent was to hit somebody that way you had to stop, set up a perimeter, call in a medevac, whatever and they knew that’s what we’d do and so a lot of times it was we were moving into a position where they might have set up a camp, or a base camp, or a cache of ammunition, or whatever and so they wanted time to move all that stuff �Mitchell, David out of the way cause– Because they just sometimes knew and it was– It was interesting sometimes. Interviewer: “And how badly were you hurt?” Not really all that bad. Interviewer: “Did you stay in the field or go back?” Yeah, oh yeah, I still get shrapnel in my back from that, not big pieces but I still get it. Interviewer: “Alright, now did that get infected or did you have other problems with it?” No, it was good we had one of the best medics that you could ask for I mean he just didn’t let you ever not take care of things, jungle rot, Phisohex soap and gauze pads, scrub it out, he said “I don’t care if you cry, get rid of it.” Right, and salt tablets back in those days we took salt tablets and he made you take them every day. Interviewer: “Okay, now when you got into that first firefight that was happening for real did that– Is that sort of where the training kicked in where you–” (23:12) It became instinctive at that point based on the training basically, you know I mean one of the first things you realize is you don’t stand up and run towards the enemy in a firefight in the jungle, at least I didn’t. Interviewer: “Maybe the marines did.” Well it depended on what their IQ was but– Interviewer: “But it was not what you were doing.” �Mitchell, David No, that’s not what we were doing. Interviewer: “Okay, and now did your unit normally function as a platoon or company or what side–” Mostly as a platoon. Interviewer: “And about how many men were in the platoon?” Probably around 18 to 20, I mean that’s what was physically there, it’s not supposed to be that small you know it’s supposed to be more like 45 to 65 but attrition and lack of replacements just over time dwindled what was available for us. Interviewer: “Okay, and did you stay with the same unit the whole time you were in Vietnam?” I did, yes. (24:21) Interviewer: “Okay, and so how much turnover did you see when you first got there?” A lot, a lot. Being swing battalion and swing company we were in contact a lot, not necessarily Ripcord firefights and stuff but a lot. So you get a guy that gets wounded when he goes out you don’t know if he’s coming back or not right and there was just the repetitive turnover from people DEROSing and going home, I mean it’s just an evolutionary type thing that that’s what happened. Interviewer: “Yeah, now part of the logic of all that was supposed to be that you always have an experienced group of certain people in the field and then the old guys train the new guys, then you maintain your effectiveness, is that how it actually worked?” �Mitchell, David It was intended to work that way, a lot of the time it did– Some of the hardest things to instill in the new young kids, and I know you’ve heard this before from probably a lot– And I was not real I was only 21 but I’d been there for a while right. I had a lieutenant, Frank Bass, and his philosophy was this, well number one he was a hard stripe and promoted to lieutenant, in your rucksack if you couldn’t throw it, shoot it, or eat it, it didn’t go. No radios, no cameras even alright, yeah you can have an air mattress but I get it first, and he’d slit it. It made a great ground cloth but couldn’t hold any air in it right. No smoking at night, no zippo lighters at night, I mean it sounded like a Liberty Bell going off and I don’t care how well you cover up with a poncho lighter or something you can still see the glow, but aside from that, I mean walk down through this casino you can smell smoke a mile away, a mile away and it was just a dead giveaway. Interviewer: “Well would the N.V.A still smell you anyway?” Oh they do, we smell like sour milk, they smell like dead fish to us but you know there were different philosophies about how you set up a night defensive position and that’s one of the other things that we ended up teaching our guys and was taught to us, is we never dug in at night, never ever ever. (27:01) We would stop sometime in the three, four, five o’clock in the afternoon, change your socks, let your feet and boots dry out, change your T-shirt if you were lucky enough to have an extra one, eat right and then we’d send out a patrol to find our night defensive position and then at night right at dusk we would move into that position but we would have a predrill, where we had set up at say five o’clock, of where your positions were gonna be, who was gonna be where, how we were gonna cover what, who was gonna set out the mechanical ambushes, where we were gonna set them and so we’d move in at dark and I had a friend in 1st 501st Charlie Company, they dug in every night and I just could never figure out why you wanted to sit there and give away your position with shovels and– Interviewer: “So it was a noise issue?” It was a noise issue, and I have actually gone into areas where that was their philosophy was they wanted to dig in and if you do a perimeter walk after a firefight or something, you know what an aiming stake is right? An aiming stake is something the N.V.A will set up outside of a position �Mitchell, David where they know where it’s at. So right at predawn or wherever it is that’s where they would focus their fire on and they would use it for their mortars too. Interviewer: “Alright and so I guess kind of take us through– I mean there’s sort of several months there– Did you go in and out of the Ripcord area kind of April, May June, July?” We were– We were in that basic AO almost the entire time through July, we were around Firebase O'Reilly, Granite, Henderson and it was– Like our company commander would say when we would get together, he said “You guys don’t have to go find these guys, they know where you are.” They’ll find you, you don’t have to go find them and pretty much he was right but the thing that kept us alive, most of us– And the company commander was Captain Chris Stroud, was he said “We will always do the unexpected.” Right, we will only walk on trails when there’s no other way to do it, period and he was– It was his second tour he was with the 25th Infantry before so. Interviewer: “Alright, now elements of your battalion got into a couple fairly ugly fights and I believe it was Stroud’s company that wound up in a place called Hill 805.” (30:05) That’s where we were. Interviewer: “Okay, can you talk a little bit about that action?” Yeah I can, there were three basic hills that were strategic points around Ripcord, 902, 1000, and 805 they were just strategically placed with access to Ripcord, I think it was on April 12th– Interviewer: “Sounds right.” We were in the O’Reilly AO and they actually choppered out a hot meal to us in the field, only time I ever had one right, and we looked at each other and we said “This shit ain’t good.” Right, the next day we flew into an LZ below Hill 805 and our orders were to take 805 and fortify it and we were anticipating an extremely hard fight. We ran into no resistance, not one, not one bullet �Mitchell, David was fired until that night and then for basically from then until the 18th, we got hit every night, we got probed every day, we didn’t sleep for those five days or six days, I mean you just couldn’t. We were up all night pulling basically a 100% guard duty cause we’d get hit anywhere from ten at night to three in the morning right. Interviewer: “I guess in terms of the chronology April 12th that’s about when Ripcord was originally established so–” No, I'm sorry it was July. Interviewer: “Yeah July.” I’m sorry, July. Interviewer: “Yeah, right there we go, just making sure we have that.” (32:00) I’m sorry, yeah you’re right. Interviewer: “The 12th thing rang a bell, okay yeah so this is the same time when Ripcord was under siege–” It was. Interviewer: “Being bombarded, it’s the same time when some of the stuff is going on with Hill 1000–” 902, yeah. Interviewer: “And then I lost a little order but yours was kind of distinctive because it was how many days running did you stay up there?” �Mitchell, David Six. Interviewer: “Okay, and what– Do you happen to know why you were there that long?” I’ve got a suspicion that they had it, okay most of the time we take a hill and we leave it right, I mean that was just Vietnam, Hamburger Hill, the Ia Drang Valley, all of that stuff it was basically the same thing but for this time they took it, we occupied it, and it was an interdiction point to Ripcord cause it sat right there and looked right down the throat of it. Matter of fact half of the fire support we got from Ripcord, artillery, was basically point blank fire it was not high angle or anything it was low– Interviewer: “It was direct fire pretty much.” Yeah, they lowered them down, pulled the trigger and when we were ordered to pull off Captain Stroud didn’t want to go, he said he’s lost 13 guys, well 11 at that time, he said “I don’t want to give it up, I don’t want to give it up.” But he didn’t have an option, he just didn’t have an option so. (33:30) Interviewer: “I guess my impression from reading about it was that he was upset about having to stay there as long as he did and not get out earlier.” What he was upset about was staying there as long as he did and not getting the reinforcements that he needed. That’s what the caveat was right, I mean we lost two lieutenant and in one night, Terry Paul and I forget who the other one is right off the top of my head but yeah he was not– I mean nobody wants to stay in the damn same place in Vietnam more than a night if you don’t have to, it’s just suicidal and it was really evident every night we got hit, you know we got hit from three different directions, a different one each time, but their mortars were pin point accurate, their RPGs were pin point accurate. We ate satchel charge after satchel charge after satchel charge, even 122 millimeter rockets they’d hit that hill with pretty accurately. �Mitchell, David Interviewer: “Now did you just kind of keep moving around and changing positions while you were up there?” No, when we were there, we were there, everybody– Except for when we had some people killed, you know we’d backfill obviously. Interviewer: “But you were dug in there?” We were dug in, most of the bunkers were actually in some form N.V.A bunkers that we just reoccupied but we improved them and made it, you know we cut fields of fire so we’d clear out some stuff a little better so you could actually see and the other thing was is they were sneaky little guys. Very good at what they did but if you give them, if you give them a bush to hide behind they’ll disappear in it, I mean just the way it was. Interviewer: “So how did you manage to survive all that time?” (35:29) I don’t know. Interviewer: “Or the unit itself, I mean was there–” I don’t– Honest to God it’s just you went every minute of every hour of every day, you just you know we would prepare to fight at night, we’d get hit, we’d have that firefight, the next morning we’d do a patrol, you know they were ultimately interested in body count and all that BS that went along with it. We come back, the log birds that come in and resupply us with ammunition and food and replacements if we could. If there were guys that were wounded but not bad enough to call a medevac in at night we’d do that during the day, and so you just regear for that night. Interviewer: “So basically the enemy would lie low during the day–” Yeah. �Mitchell, David Interviewer: “When I guess we control the sky and the air and could see things–” Yeah. Interviewer: “And then at night they’d come out again.” Yeah, that’s just typical of almost everything we were in unless you happen to run across a trail watched or you know if they knew you were there and they wanted to set up an ambush but most of the incidences we had were either at– Almost always at first leg, before– Right before first leg. Interviewer: “Alright now through that time did you get hit again?” Yeah, July 13th, it was an RPG. Interviewer: “Okay, but again not badly enough to take you off?” (36:58) If you weren’t dead you didn’t leave, that’s just what Captain Straub’s theory was you know. Interviewer: “Alright, so once you finally do get off there I mean was it quiet, did they shoot at you as you were leaving?” Oh yeah, matter of fact when we left 805 we left on, I believe it was the 18th or something like that, and we actually piled up all our extra munitions, combat loss rifles, and the M-79s and some ammunition that was left for the recoilless rifle we just couldn’t pack and we moved off and we left one platoon back and they blew that stuff. Well as we were moving off we had what was known as a Kit Carson scout with us and he pulled the pins on his grenades and killed another guy and wounded Captain Stroud, moving off and so we ended up setting up right above the LZ that we were gonna be picked up on and those were other N.V.A bunkers that we found but we had seeded them with CS crystals and– But we spent the night there anyway and then the next �Mitchell, David morning when the birds came in to pick us up they were running– They were running off the 805 right towards us, burning up whatever they had AKs or 51 cals or whatever. Interviewer: “Alright, now please explain for the audience what is a Kit Carson scout?” It was an N.V.A soldier that was captured or surrendered, it was what was known basically as the Chieu Hoi program, and if there was a value or if they were willing to turn supposedly against the north they would send them off to a school and they would become what was known as a Kit Carson scout which meant that they would come back and be reassigned to a line unit and they were supposed to be the eyes and ears and know what was going on in the jungle and in and around that area, sometimes it worked, most of the time it was not real successful Interviewer: “Yeah and in this case counterproductive.” Counterproductive, but you know it’s another lesson learned. Interviewer: “Okay, so when you finally get out of there do they give you any downtime or are you right back in the field again?” (39:30) We went to Eagle Beach for I think two days. Interviewer: “And what do you do there?” Decompress– Well the first thing we did– That’s the first place I ran into hot running water showers was at Eagle Beach and when we went in to take a shower our medic was there with a stack of gauze pads and a bottle of faisal heck soap and he said “I wanna see you guys come out raw.” Okay well we came out and Captain Stroud was there and he handed everybody a bottle of whisky, or whatever they wanted to drink, but the caveat was you had to go sit down in the South China Sea because basically what you were doing scrubbing off all that jungle rot and stuff right and without that whisky you couldn’t do it, it would be like torture I’m serious, but we did that for a couple days and then you know it was back to business as usual. �Mitchell, David Interviewer: “Okay, now by the time you got back, had Ripcord been abandoned by the time you got back in the field?” No. Interviewer: “It was still all going on okay.” It was, but we went into, I believe it was Firebase Granite I think that’s where we went I don’t remember exactly but I do remember a comment from Fred Spalding at some point in time and he told everybody in the rear who was– Which was primarily the 506 that that B-52s were already in the air and they were gonna be hit that night. Now if they had done that on 902 or 1000 like they did Ripcord there probably wouldn’t be any safe place but I don’t think that we ever hit them with B-52s. Interviewer: “Well it would’ve been too close to Ripcord, B-52s–” (41:28) It would’ve been pretty close but you know. Interviewer: “Yeah and there’s usually the sort of minimum distance everyone had to be away from–” Oh yeah they wanted you to be five miles away, do you know how far that is in the jungle? Interviewer: “Well still bombs– I think even if you strike 1000 is so close to Ripcord that probably you’re not gonna do that.” You’ll get a flier. Interviewer: “But it’s what it would've taken.” �Mitchell, David That’s what it would’ve taken, you know I mean that’s what we did to Ripcord and we did that to Ripcord to basically destroy everything that we had left up there and Bob had gone back and he said it was like a ghost town. It was denuded all the way up and down the hills. Interviewer: “Alright, now after the Ripcord campaign was over at the end of July do things quiet down at all?” Yeah they got– Small skirmishes right but they had actually executed what their new mission was going to be when we rebuilt Ripcord. Again I know– I’m a believer that there was another offensive headed in the north similar to Tet of ‘68 I mean they just– But they had to change their focus initially and then not all that much longer after Ripcord, you know the monsoon seasons would start and that’s when they did a lot of their resupplying and their refortification and because we didn’t spend a lot of time in the field, we pulled people off fire bases, you couldn’t resupply you know and so we basically turned whatever we had back over to them and then next spring we go get it again. Interviewer: “Alright, during the monsoon season then how are you spending your time?” (43:25) Wet, cold, muddy, and we were not as deep into the mountains, we weren’t in the flatlands necessarily but we still would pull patrols but they weren’t as deep or as concentrated but it was miserable, it was miserable. Interviewer: “But how many months of that?” Seemed like a year but it was probably three or four months of pretty wet. Interviewer: “Okay, and then did you get an R&R anywhere?” �Mitchell, David You know what I was scheduled for an R&R and then ended up in the 85th evac and then I was scheduled for another one and I ended up in the 95th evac and they asked me about another one and I said “Thanks but no thanks.” Interviewer: “Okay, and these are evacuation hospitals?” Yeah, one's in Danang, one’s in Phu Bai. Interviewer: “Okay, and why were you going there?” Well I had shrapnel from 805 so they sent me there for two days, come off of Eagle Beach and then I went there and then I had cellulitis in my leg and they had to go and scrape shrapnel off my shin bone and you know it was two days here, three days there but no thanks don’t give me an R&R I don’t want it again, I can’t afford it except for maybe dead. Interviewer: “Alright pause this here and– Alright so I was gonna ask at this point what’s morale like in the unit during this period now when you don’t have a lot of activity or whatever, you’re getting rained on a lot?” (45:13) It was pretty low from an overall morale standpoint but at the same time most of the problems that people have alluded to in Vietnam, the racial problems, the disorganization most of the, not all of it, but most of it occurred in the rear and a lot of it occurred in the rear because there just was not enough stuff to do during that period for a lot of people to do it right, I mean our supply sergeant he could only supply us when the helicopters would fly. If they didn’t fly there wasn’t shit to do and so that– And plus there was the, just the building unrest from the racial aspect, the political aspect was going through the roof. Interviewer: “Yeah, all the stuff from back home comes over.” I mean my brother was going to Ball State University and he’d sent me the Indianapolis Star or whatever it was and you can go through that paper whenever you got it and you could find a �Mitchell, David story in favor of the war, you could find a story against the war, you could find a story about apathy, they didn’t give a shit right. It was almost every time I saw one that was kind of where it was our country– You think it’s divided now? It was really divided back in the early 70s, maybe not as vocal about it but it was divided. Interviewer: “Because by the time you finish in Vietnam, Kent State has happened–” Kent State’s happened, Woodstock has happened. Interviewer: “The Calley trial comes up at some point, My Lai and it was about that comes out.” Yup. Interviewer: “All that kind of stuff going on, but basically did you spend your time either at forward firebases or in the field? Was that pretty much where you were?” (47:05) That’s all I ever was for the most part. Interviewer: “Yeah, now aside from your stray Chieu Hoi scout did you ever see much of the Vietnamese themselves? Were there civilians–” The civilians? Interviewer: “Yeah.” Anytime we were in the rear we had mamasans cleaning the hooches and they had duties around the base. So that was basically most of it, if we take a convoy somewhere, we go through Phu Bai or DaNang, well not even DaNang we went north of there, Hue. You’d see the indigenous people there then you know they’d be lining the streets and stuff when we were riding a deuce and a half but other than that it was primarily N.V.A. �Mitchell, David Interviewer: “So you’re really not seeing much, getting really acquainted with the local population at all the kind of stuff that you’re doing and certainly not seeing them when you’re out in the field.” No, there were no villages where we were, I mean almost virtually none in the mountains. Interviewer: “Yeah,I think even a lot of the Montagnard population had moved on or was hiding some place.” They were pretty remote, I mean they were an interesting group, we were taught about them a little bit, you know basically they wanted to be left alone. Don’t bother me, don’t screw with my women, you know you’re welcome to pass through but don’t try to change us, influence us, or whatever. That was just their culture. Interviewer: “Alright, okay now are there other particular things that stand out in your mind about the time you spent in Vietnam that you haven’t brought into the story yet?” (48:43) Yeah there’s a few things, before I went to Vietnam I went out to dinner with my mom and dad, and my uncle who had fought in the Philippines in World War II as an infantry soldier and he said “Davey I’m gonna tell you three things that can get you killed.” He said “Don’t ever ever ever make close friends, don’t ever think about home, and never ask anybody you’re in charge of to do something you won’t do yourself.” And that was a lesson that I tried to pass on to my replacement and anybody that was in my squad, it just, you know it filters down, it's a lesson in life learned. I had– In my life I had three significant events, Vietnam was one okay, marrying my wife was two, and the birth of our children. Those were the things– I married my wife June 5th, 1971 shortly after I got home, I was engaged to her before, the other thing was patriotism. Her dad, whom I was engaged to his daughter, was on the draft board when I got drafted. Never said a word, not a word, he was a Navy pilot in World War II. So it was the patriotism but the patriotism and the camaraderie and the respect for each other primarily existed in the field, there �Mitchell, David was not a lot of it in the base camp or in the rear, that’s where the division– That’s where I saw the division and experienced it whenever we were back so. Interviewer: “So as far as you were concerned you’d rather be out in the field?” Oh I didn’t like the base camps, I didn’t like the firebases, you’re captive you know, you’re just captive and at least in the field you had an opportunity to maneuver and move and in some cases you had some part of destiny on your side as well as on the enemy’s side, but on a fire base it was theirs, it was theirs for picking. Interviewer: “Yeah, you’re a target.” You’re a target and you’re always gonna be a target on a firebase. Interviewer: “Alright, now as you get to the end of your time in Vietnam, are you gonna have to go back and stay in the Army in the states or were you able to get out or what was the deal for you?” (51:31) I got out. Interviewer: “Okay, now did you get an early out?” I got an early out to go back to school. Interviewer: “Okay, and how did that work, I mean you’re supposed to be on active duty for two full years when you’re a draftee?” Well, yes. Interviewer: “Okay, so how does it work that you can get out early?” �Mitchell, David You put in a request for early out to go– For whatever reason, school was the primary reason and I know you know this but you gotta realize that back in 1970-71 we started to really withdraw troops. So when you only have a month left, or a month and a half left, you know and it was near the end of the monsoon season, hadn’t even begun the spring build up process yet that hell they were glad to get rid of a lot of people or it seemed like it at any rate. So it was not at that point that difficult. Interviewer: “Okay, so when do you actually leave Vietnam?” January 10th. Interviewer: “Okay, ‘71?” 1971. Interviewer: “Alright, and now what was leaving like?” (52:40) Heaven, I mean I flew home on the most beautiful airplane in the world, it was a Pan American Stretch DC-8 right and the pilot we had, I can’t speak for everybody else, but there were two things– Three things that happened, the crew that was on, there the stewardesses, this was their first flight into Vietnam okay, the pilot had been in several times and so when he took off– Out of Cam Ranh, when he took off out of Cam Ranh Bay he tilted to the left so everybody could say goodbye and then he tilted back to the right so everybody could say goodbye and about as soon as he hit cruising altitude, if there were 250 people in that airplane I swear there was 240 bottle of whisky came out of AWOL bags, and the stewardess was running up she was in a panic, running up and down the aisle screaming “You can’t do that! You can’t do that!” There was a little– He was a black 1st sergeant, he grabbed a hold of her and set her down on his knee, he was sitting on the aisle, and he said “Honey, just let them go.” She said– He said “In about an hour you ain’t gonna have any problem with anybody.” We landed in Yokota Air Force Base in Japan, five of us walked off the airplane, five, the rest of them couldn’t walk if they wanted to. �Mitchell, David Interviewer: “So where’d you reenter the states at?” Fort Lewis. Interviewer: “Okay, alright and then do they discharge you from there?” Yeah. Interviewer: “Okay, now when they did that did they give you anything, tell you anything, watch out for protestors, don’t wear a uniform, anything like that?” Well I had to wear a uniform to fly military standby but when we went into Fort Lewis and then they always put you in a room, see if anybody’s got any drugs, leave them underneath your seat and they will be prosecution or anything right. So you go through that, they load us on buses, they took us to an orderly room and we were standing outside milling around and the company clerk came out and said “Is there a Sergeant Mitchell here?” and I said “Oh shit what’d I do now?” (54:57) I said “Yeah.” and they said “Well somebody wants to see you in the back.” It was a sergeant that had been in my unit that had come home a month and a half ago and he was out processing people. I was literally out of the Army in 45 minutes, he took me back to his barracks, I got a shower, civilian clothes, he did his thing with those guys, we went out and had a few drinks. Next morning he gave me a set of his dress greens, took me– Got me paid, took me to SeaTac. That was it, I was done. Interviewer: “Okay, and then did you have any trouble getting home? So nobody hassled you or anything like that?” Oh yeah, they did in SEATech there were instigators and you know the problem is? Well what I saw, most of it was the younger generation that was– And it’s the same thing today about the protest of some things they don’t know what they’re protesting or why, they just don’t. It’s just “The thing.” Right and if you want to protest a war, go to war, see what it’s like, and then come back and protest it but so yeah there was that but see I had– He had given me a pair of jeans and �Mitchell, David a shirt, whatever right my friend, and so when I was on the airplane I just went in the restroom and took off all the dress greens, the class A’s, put them in my AWOL bag, and put civilian clothes on. When I got to Chicago that was the end of that. Interviewer: “Okay, alright now once you finally get back home what do you do?” I went back to school at a local– At a regional campus, I.U Purdue and then in June we got married and we moved to West Lafayette and I finished up one semester there and then I just was not comfortable in the big university setting so I ended up transferring to Tri-State University. Which is a small private school in Angola and I ended up graduating from there with a degree in mechanical engineering. Interviewer: “Okay, and then that became your career at that point?” I went to work for Dow Chemical in Midland, Michigan for five years, left there and went to Alaska to work for– It was [unintelligible] BP at the time which ended up being BP Exploration, for 18 years and then I bought a spill clean up business with a friend of mine, and we sold it to a native corporation, moved to Arizona, went back to work as a maintenance superintendent at the papermill and then when they closed it five years ago, I retired. (58:00) Interviewer: “Very good.” But that’s basically what I did, I was in engineering almost all my life. Interviewer: “Alright, and then I guess to close here, when you look back at your time in the service how do you think that affected you?” It was a life changing event for me, to frame it up in a few words my wife told me about five years ago she said “I haven’t told you this but the boy who went to Vietnam was not the man that came home.” I mean you know it put a whole new perspective on things because if you can’t fix �Mitchell, David it don’t worry about it and don’t worry about anything because words never solved a damn problem in this life. Interviewer: “So for you in a way it helped you learn how to move forwards rather than just–” Oh yeah, oh yeah it was a great experience, it was a great experience, tortuous at times but it was a great experience. It taught you that you only imagine what your limit is, you have no idea what it is till you find it and you know even on Hill 805 with no sleep for five or six days we never really found our limit, never really found it. So that’s it. Interviewer: “Yeah, thank you very much for sharing the story today.” You bet. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MitchellD2158V Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mitchell, Charles David Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-10 Title A name given to the resource Mitchell, David (Interview transcript and video), 2017 Description An account of the resource David Mitchell was born in Auburn, Indiana, in 1949 where he graduated high school in 1967 before attending Purdue University. Unfortunately, Mitchell did not acclimate well to college life and soon left the university and was drafted into the Army in April of 1969. He was then sent to Fort Knox, Kentucky, for Basic Training where he was first introduced to regimented discipline. After Basic, Mitchell was transferred to Fort Polk, Louisiana, for Advanced Individual Training. He then volunteered to go to Noncommissioned Officer School at Fort Benning, Georgia, to learn tactics and leadership geared toward Vietnam. Before deployment, Mitchell briefly served as a Drill Sergeant at Fort Polk before he was shipped out to a replacement company in Cam Ranh Bay, Vietnam. He was then assigned to D Company, 2nd Battalion, 501st Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division. He received his first Purple Heart after receiving rocket shrapnel during a firefight. As a ‘Swing Battalion,’ D Company encountered a lot of firefights and, thus, had lots of soldier turnover. His Company Commander stated that the Battalion managed to stay alive by doing the unexpected, navigating the jungle and avoiding official trails when possible. During the fight for Hill 805, there was no enemy response during the day, but at night, his Battalion was hit regularly, forcing the men to stay awake at night. Mitchell, again, was hit by rocket shrapnel during the fight and received his second Purple Heart. Overall, Mitchell recalled how morale was low amongst his men and that the monsoon season left them wet and miserable for months. He remembered only seeing North Vietnamese civilians while in the rear or while moving by villages in the field. Most racial and political divisions were only seen in the rear base camps. Toward the end of his tour, Mitchell requested and received an early-out of the military to go back to school, leaving Vietnam in January of 1971. Landing in Fort Lewis, Washington, he was officially discharged and quickly shed his military dress uniform for civilian clothing to evade antiwar protesters and instigators. Mitchell went back to Purdue University, married in June of 1971, and then transferred to a smaller tri-state university campus where he graduated with a degree in mechanical engineering. He then went to work for Dow Chemical Company in Midland, Michigan, BP Exploration Incorporated in Alaska, and several other mechanical engineering jobs before retiring. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States—History, Military Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975—Personal narratives, American Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections & University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401. Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1a9a43de76ed919b26006dd1690dd057.mp4 65f976eec609047647227ddbf438a3af https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/db032cda3f93d6a3f278ef3d20d56b85.pdf 29f801eaf07616010d37c575441ef742 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Gary Mitchell. (1:34:32) Introduction (0:00)       U.S. Marine pilot during the Korean War. (21:28) Born In Wolf River,, Wisconsin. (00:27) He was a Colonel and retired as a Lieutenant Colonel. (1:49) Served from 1951 until 1959. (1:58) Because his aircraft was shot down he was a prisoner of war for 10 months in the People's Republic of China. (2:19) Has received a Purple Heart, the Bronze Star and the POW award. (2:45) Background Information (3:15)                      Born September 4th 1945 [1934?] in Wolf River, Wisconsin. (3:15) His father was a cook in logging camps. His mother was employed along with him. (3:38) He had one sister and one brother, however the brother passed away young. (4:00) (5:00) He attended high school in Bruce Wisconsin. (5:11) He left high school in 1951.(7:10) He went into the Marine Corps in October of 1951. (7:23) He had lasting friends in high school but since many have passed away. (7:36) His father worked as a cook in logging camps from age 17 almost to his death. (8:25) He commonly spent time with the lumberjacks while in the camp and learned much about the European cultures each group came from. (10:25) He worked for a logging company while in high school. Here he preformed many tasks, mostly he helped with trimming the trees. (11:02) He did some sharpening of tools such as saws and axes. (14:00) There was a blacksmith at the camp. (15:08) When he was nine he started trapping and he started his own trap line. (15:25) He had a timber wolf that he had trained. (16:50) While on his trap line he found abandoned bear cubs. He cared for them for 4 months. (18:00) A badger tried stealing food while he was trapping and his timber wolf attacked it. (20:09) In the spring he and the loggers would also collect maple sap. (21:00) He completed high school through the Marine Corp. (23:47) He never attended college. (24:35) He enlisted in the Marine Corps at age 17 in 1952 [1951?]. He was then sent off to basic training. (25:07) Basic training (25:19)  He first attended basic at the Marine Corps Recruit Depot in San Diego California (25:37) �                 Basic lasted at the most 5 months. (26:08) He remembers other disliking his drill instructors but he didn’t mind them. (26:28) The training in basic was brutal. (26:44) His platoon had approx. 38 men from all over the U.S. Of which, he was the youngest. (27:25) Next he was sent to flight training at Cherry Point, North Carolina. (28:32) He was taken as a pilot because the Marine Corps was in need of men to fly aircraft. (29:15) He had a pilot’s license prior to entering the service. He received this private training in Wisconsin. (29:20) He flew primarily jets. (30:00) He flew a J3 Cub once in his private training but did not like it. (30:18) He did his private training in a 2 seat Cessna 140. (31:07) He then trained in Pensacola Florida. (31:57) He stayed at Cherry Point, North Carolina, on 3 different occasions. The first being for 1 year the next being for 1.5 years and the third time being for 2.5 years. (32:10) He did his military training in F3D, the Corsair, and the AT6. (32:52) He was a Master Sergeant when he started flight training in approx 1952, 1953 and ended as a Second Lieutenant. (34:18) In Pensacola, Florida, he had his most strenuous training learning aerial maneuvers. He trained in the F3D Sky Knight twin Jet. (35:15) The training he underwent was accelerated. As a young soldier, trainers were nervous about his performance. (36:53)] When he was deployed in Korea he was there for 4 days before making his first flight. He was sent as an individual not as a unit. (37:55) Service in the Korean Conflict (38:00)                 Once in Korea he was placed in a Squadron VF 62 part of the First Marine Air Wing. (38:37) VF 62 was based K6 south of Seoul, Korea. (39:43) There were many aircraft station at K6 including prop planes. (41:09) There were approx. 300 men stationed at K6. It was mostly Marines but there were some Army Air Corps on the base. (42:36) Some maintenance was also prepared on K6. (43:02) The men drank sleep and flew. The man could be called to fly a plane at any minute and as a result where often on guard. (43:30) The building had about 3 hangers. Some men stayed in tents. (43:50) The food was good and always available. (44:16) His job was to fly the F3D Sky Knight specifically. (44:45) The F3D Sky Knight sat 2 men. The man on the left worked radar and guidance. The man on the right flew the aircraft. (45:02) Though he loved the aircraft, it was full of many kinks when it was received. (45:30) He flew 2-3 missions a day. (46:43) The missions where “seek, hunt, and kill.” (47:10) The plane was equipped with machine guns in the wing, napalm bombes, and sidewinder rockets. (47:38) The missions varied in length depending on task or gas in the airplane’s tank. 2 hours at the most. (48:41) The average pilot was in his 20s or 30s. (49:40) �Missing in Action and Imprisonment (1953-1954)(50:16)             He flew along the shore and locked on to an enemy aircraft below him. A rocket was fired and hit the enemy air craft. (50:29) 5 minutes after heading out to sea both engines burned out. He and his copilot had to bail out in the ocean. (51:00) When the men hit the water they both broke their knees. (51:21) The men had vests on but the water was very cold. He was picked up by the Chinese the next morning. (52:14) He was in the ocean north of North Korea. (53:07) After arriving on shore the men where beaten by the Chinese. (53:21) He was placed in a camp with 200 Americans. The men had no clothes and were rarely fed. Men died every day. His copilot was beaten and stabbed often. (53:40) The Chinese wanted to know all they could about his aircraft. When the copilot was unwilling to tell them anything, he was bayoneted. (54:53) There was a name for the prison camp he was in but he tried to block out as much as he could about it. (55:14) He was in the prison camp for approx. 1 year. He was released near the end of the war. (55:44) When the war was ended the he was released. With his knees broken he had to push himself with his hands to the signing of the peace papers on a bridge. (56:02) At the time of his release some men beat him once again. But several of his commanding officers at the sighing shot them with a Thompson submachine gun. (57:14) Recovery and service in the U.S. (58:00)            He was in hospitals for 2 years in order to recover from his imprisonment (1954-1956). His legs never fully recovered. (58:18) Being unable to walk, he was sent back to the states and stayed in 4-5 Marine Hospitals (58:55) From his torture, a thin rod was placed through his chest. Men were hesitant to remove it because they may have killed him. (59:26) The rod was removed in California. He was awake when the surgery was done. This almost killed him. (1:00:20) He had his surgery done at a naval hospital in Southern California for almost a year for rehabilitation. (1:20:37) After being rehabilitated he was placed back on duty and was moved around from different Marine and Navy bases. (1:04:05) Much of the things about imprisonment and POW camps were kept from incoming soldiers. However he wanted to tell new soldiers what could happen and what to do and not do if it did happen. (1:04:27) He came down with Meniere’s disease when he was taken of active duty. (1:04:53) He was discharged in 1960 at Cherry Point, North Carolina. (1:05:48 After being rehabilitated he did not do very much retraining in new aircraft. He mostly did ground instruction on weapons system. Most of this was done at Cherry Point. (1:06:33) At the end of his imprisonment in China, all 200 men he was imprisoned with had been killed. [?] (1:08:35) Life after discharge (1:09:00) �                         He still struggles psychologically from his imprisonment. (1:09:12) He was planning on having a full military career. He was still called back after retiring to talk to new recruits about POW camps. (1:09:55) 10 months after his discharge he received a call from Bill Lear. He requested aid to build an aircraft for the military. The plane was a twin engine Cessna. (1:10:45) 12 months later the plane was finished. He said that Gary was to be the first to fly it. (1:12:29) He aided in the mass production of this air craft. (1:13:14) The aircraft Bill Lear had him fly was modified to be flown without the use of legs. (1:14:00) The planes where then shipped to Hawaii for test flights. The aircraft were placed on an old World War II runway where he and Bill Lear could practice flying. (1:14:40) 42 of these planes were produced, all of which were sold to the military. (1:16:42) Gary was then assigned to train men in a factory that Bill Lear owned. (1:17:08) When he worked at the gyro factory he found that men were taking stickers off of gyros that recognized them as dysfunctional for a functional one. The men who did this went to prison for 12 months. (1:18:16) He was then contacted by Don Bowman and asked to assist in marketing for Canadian Lakes. (1:20:10) He worked there for about 10 years. He started in the mid 60s and ended in the mid 70s. (1:21:56) He then began working in sales. (1:23:31) He designed a new wheel chair for a woman who was pregnant and in a wheel chair. (1:24:05) He was with a woman, Linda, and was with her for 8 years. They did not have any children. (1:25:21) He didn’t join a veterans organization till late in his life, however, he was asked to speak to them on many occasions. (1:26:05) He did not go back to school on the GI bill. (1:26:58) His friends have all moved out west or died that he made in the service. (1:27:20) He feels guilty that all the people in the camp died because he didn’t talk when interrogated. (1:28:47) The men who are in the Legion have helped him cope with his emotional distress. (1:29:29) He has 3 grandsons who are serving in the Marine Corps. (1:30:28) He doesn’t believe that the conflict his sons are fighting in is necessary. (1:30:55) He had 5 children and 13 grand children. (1:31:01) He was served at the clinic for 4 years. (1:31:40) Sarah, the commandant at the Grand Rapids Home for Veterans in 2011was much appreciated by Gary. (1:32:07) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MitchellG1292V Title A name given to the resource Mitchell, Gary (Interview outline and video), 2011 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mitchell, Gary Description An account of the resource Gary Mitchell, of Wolf River Wisconsin, enlisted in the Marine Corps in 1951 at the age of 17. Despite his age, he was able to train as a pilot due to a shortage of combat pilots. Sent to Korea in 1952, he flew multiple combat missions over enemy territory before mechanical problems forced him to bail out off the North Korean coast. He and his copilot were picked up by the Chinese, who regularly beat them in an effort to gain information about their aircraft. He was released at Panmunjon at the time of the signing of the armistice, and then underwent several years of medical treatment for injuries suffered in the bailout and while in prison, and then served as an instructor on Marine and Navy bases until he was discharged in 1959. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Erichsen, Wallace (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American United States. Marine Corps Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011-09-06 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/99f560e8b32a66d3f1b7091f7658e607.jpg e159962e44f7b02d1097240427e1e5a3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_X845 Title A name given to the resource Mitscher class, destroyer leader Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Mitscher class, , US destroyer leader, September 1, 1953. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy Military education World War, 1939-1945--Warships Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1953-09-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/66af0c6f63af9bd778279e383d688ba3.jpg 520ac5d742a262f44a7ef15e79c98edb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_X846 Title A name given to the resource Mitscher class, destroyer leader Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Mitscher class, , US destroyer leader, September 1, 1953. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy Military education World War, 1939-1945--Warships Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1953-09-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d875e0264936a530699c51caad7d2f6d.jpg 79a8a9708227201c74b94851736bdf2b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_M1827 Title A name given to the resource Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighter aircraft Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Mitsubishi A6M Zero Japanese long-range fighter aircraft, June 10, 1943. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy World War, 1939-1945 Japan Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Slides Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943-06-10 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d052e7168f8dfdfd7c0b432c9bbd3336.jpg 11802fe869f00064504a91c8100f729a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_M1882 Title A name given to the resource Mitsubishi Japanese naval fighter Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Mitsubishi 97 "Zero" NTB, Japanese naval fighter, 1942. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy Japan World War, 1939-1945 Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Slides Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f5736834fce4ba6a439256a067a39192.jpg 7fecffe643d82c9608ca4f1cf43a8943 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_1881 Title A name given to the resource Mitsubishi Japanese torpedo bomber Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Mitsubishi 97 NTB, Japanese torpedo bomber. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy Japan World War, 1939-1945 Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Slides Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1bf9f1c52364bdace84af21edc5bbf49.jpg 0a0e619f9f9ef8e93749059f6bcbd3aa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_M1880 Title A name given to the resource Mitsubishi Japanese torpedo bomber Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Mitsubishi 97 NTB, Japanese naval torpedo bomber, 1943. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy Japan World War, 1939-1945 Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Slides Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/26e296b660dafea323025595f6b4515e.jpg ed82a450d53f76c16031e87e7eda7cc1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Decorated Publishers' Bindings Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Description An account of the resource From the early 1870s to roughly 1930, many publishers issued their commercial book covers with a remarkable variety of graphic designs and illustrations. This sixty-year period saw many artists and designers contributing to this art form. While some can be identified from their style or initials, others remain unknown. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Michigan Novels Collection Regional Historical Collection Lincoln and the Civil War Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-30 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a>, <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source Michigan Novels Collection. PS 3545.0735 M63 1929 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01_Bindings0328 Title A name given to the resource Moccasined Feet Description An account of the resource Binding of Moccasined Feet, by Irene H. Wolfschlager, published by Ginn and Company, 1929. Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a90eca7928f63b81425622cf823e5668.pdf 0ac96ef948cb33e1e45843015b514a14 PDF Text Text Model Subdivision Ordinance I (/) C: ID C u;< 5 z 0 lJ 0 z ······•·•·····•·· ···•···•···•··· ············•···· ··· ····················· > z 0 m Prepared by: Kalamazoo Metropolitan County Planning Commission Date: July 1992 �Model Subdivision Ordinance Prepared for Local Units of Government Located within Kalamazoo county, Michigan ICALAMAZOO METROPOLITAN COUNTY PLANNING COMMISSION �I KALAMAZOO METROPOLITAN COUNTY PLANNING COMMISSION John Conlon, Chair Fran Bell Sonny Damvelt Rodney Dragicevich Gene Rector Betsy Rice Walter Schneidenbach Belden Smith Edie Smith Tim Snow Robert Soltis DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT STAFF Dean J. Holub, Director Richard M. Jones, Senior Planner Steven Leuty, Recycling Coordinator I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ii I �I I I I I I Introduction In June of 1991, work began on revisions to the county's Model Subdivision Ordinance. The previous ordinance was developed in 1965 under different economic and developmental conditions. The Metropolitan County Planning Commission revised the model because it recognized that subdivision development and the legal parameters governing subdivision development have changed. Like other models, this tool attempts to provide standards for subdivision development to avoid and deter haphazard subdivision design and layout. These standards were prepared from a variety of sources and reflect many of the minimum requirements which should be imposed to ensure effective, safe, and aesthetic subdivision development. A subdivision ordinance is only one tool with which local governments can regulate growth and development. Other instruments which indeed have a greater affect upon land uses and their potential locations are the Comprehensive Development Plan (or Land Use Plan) and the municipal zoning ordinance. While the Comprehensive Plan and the zoning ordinance ordain where and under what conditions certain land uses are allowed, subdivision ordinances determine the specifics of how it shall be done. Assistance in the development of this ordinance was provided by planners from the firms of Gove Associates and Wilkins and Wheaton Engineering, the Subdivision Control Unit of the Michigan Department of Commerce, and the law firm of Bauckham, Sparks, Rolfe, & Thomsen. The model was adopted by the Metropolitan County Planning Commission on May 7, 1992. CAVEATS It is the intent of this model to provide general standards for subdivision development. Adoption, in whole or in part, should not occur until the municipality has consulted with its legal counsel. The regulatory intent of the municipality should determine whether this model ordinance should be adopted in its entirety or otherwise. Modifications to suit local conditions should also be considered. Moreover, portions of this model may be used to embellish or strengthen an existing subdivision ordinance. ' ' iii �Table of Contents Article one Section 100.0 General Provisions Tit le . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Intent and Purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Author i ty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Planning Commission Authority ••...•••••••••••..•.••.• 2 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Conformance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Jurisdiction, Major Subdivisions •.•••••••.•.••....... 2 Jurisdiction, Minor Subdivisions .••••••••••..•.•.•... 3 Interpretation •..••.••.••.••••••••.•.••..••..••.••.•• 3 Issuance of· Building Penni ts. • • • • • . . • . • . • • • • • • . . . • • . . 3 Conflict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Separabi 1 i ty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saving. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repealer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 3 4 Amendments • • • • • . • • . . • . . • . . . • . . • . . . • • • • • • • • . . • • • . . • . • • 4 Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Enactment. • . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . • . • • • . . . • • . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . • 4 Article Two Section 200.0 Definitions ...••...•...•.•••••••..........•. 5 Article Three Section 300.0 Administration and Enforcement .•••••........ 11 Violations and Penal ties ....•••..•••.......••..•••.•. 11 Civil Enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Variances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Variance Conditions •.•.....••••••.••.•••..••.••••.•.• 12 Variance Procedures ••.•••.••.•••.••••••.•......•..••. 12 Article Four Section 400.0 Preliminary Plat Procedures ••.....•••.•••••. 13 Tentative Preliminary Plat Submission ••••••.••.•..••. 13 Tentative Preliminary Plat Plan Requirements ••••.•.•• 13 Tentative Preliminary Plat Public Hearing •.......••.. 15 Tentative Preliminary Plat Evaluation .••......••.•... 15 Tentative Preliminary Plat Review/Recommendation ..•.• 15 Tentative Preliminary Plat Action •••....•••.....•.•.• 16 Preliminary Plat Submission ••.•••••......•..••.•..•.• 16 Preliminary Plat Plan Requirements •••••.•••.••..•.•.• 17 Preliminary Plat Action ••.••••••••....•.•.•.••••••... 17 Waiver of Tentative Preliminary Plat ••••••...•••.•.•. 17 Submission to Planning Cornmission ••.••..••••..•• 18 Approval by Governing Body ..•••••.•.•...•.•••••• 18 . Final Plat Submission Requirements .••...•••••......•. 19 Final Plat Review and Approval •••••••............•... 20 Article Five Section 500.0 Assurance for Completion of Improvements •••• 21 Acceptable Guarantees ......•.•.••.•.•..•.....•••.•... 21 Remuneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Acceptance of Dedicated Offers ..•.•••••..••••••.•..•. 22 iv -~- -~~- -- - - �Penalties for .Failure to· Complete Improvements •.••••• 22 Acceptance of Escrow Funds ••.....•.••••••••••••••.••• 22 Issuance of Building Permits .•••••••••••••••.•••••••• 23 Issuance of Occupancy Permits •.••.••••••••••.•••.•••• 23 Model Homes • ..•••.•••.•••.•....•.••••••..•...•••••••. 2 3 Article six Section 600.0 Design Criteria .•••••••.•••••.•..•..•••.••.. 24 Street and Road System Design .•••••••••.•••......•... 24 Curb and Gutter . ............•...•••.•...•...•....•... 2 5 Walkways and Bicycle Pathways •..••••.••...•••••.••.•. 25 Lots •••••••.•...........•.....••••••••...•.•••••.•..• 2 6 Blocks ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Utilities . ........................................... 2 7 Article seven Section 700.0 Subdivision Construction Plans ••.••••••...•. 29 Required Improvements ............•••••••••••..••.•.•• 29 Improvement Inspections ..•..••..•.•••••••••...•••.•.. 31 Appendices Flow Charts: Process for Tentative Approval of Preliminary Plat ..• 33 Process for Waiver of Tentative Preliminary Plat .••.. 34 Process for Preliminary Plat Approval .••••..•••..•••. 35 Process for Final Plat Approval ...••••.••••••••.••••. 36 Responsibility Checklist ••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••• 37 V �I I I II KALAMAZOO COUNTY MODEL SUBDIVISION ORDINANCE ARTICLE ONE SECTION 100.0 GENERAL PROVISIONS 101.0 TITLE The following ordinance shall be known and may be cited as "The Subdivision Ordinance of ( Name Municipality)." 102.0 INTENT AND PURPOSE This Subdivision Ordinance is designed to regulate the division of land within ( Name Municipality) for the following purposes: A. To promote public health, safety, and general welfare. B. To facilitate the orderly development, layout, and use of land and guide future growth according to the Comprehensive Development Plan. c. To require adequate and suitable land for building sites and public improvements while preventing overcrowding of the land due to congestion of population. D. To provide for adequate drainage of land areas, proper ingress and egress to subdivided lots. E. To protect and conserve the value of land throughout the municipality and the value of buildings and improvements upon the land, and to minimize the conflicts among the uses of land and buildings. F. To promote the proper surveying and monumenting of land subdivided and conveyed by accurate legal descriptions; and procedures for subdivisions and resubdivisions of land. G. To provide flexibility and ease of platting on and near environmentally sensitive lands; to provide for public open space, green areas, and recreational areas. H. To provide the most efficient relationship between the uses of land and buildings and the circulation of traffic throughout the municipality, particularly to avoid congestion on streets and highways, and the pedestrian traffic movements appropriate to the various uses of land and buildings, and to provide for adequate connection and accessibility to neighboring lands. I. To prevent the pollution of air, streams, and ponds; to assure the adequacy of drainage facilities; to safeguard ground water supplies; and to encourage the wise use and management of natural resources throughout the jurisdiction. 1 �J. To provide for open spaces through the most efficient design and layout of land. K. To provide for approvals to be obtained by subdivid 7rs prior to the recording and filing of pl~t~; _to provide for the reservation of easements for utilities. L. To provide penalties for violations of the provisions of this ordinance. 103.0 AUTHORITY This ordinance is enacted pursuant to the authority granted by the Subdivision Control Act of 1967, P.A. 288 of 1967 as amended. 104.0 PLANNING COMMISSION AUTHORITY The Planning commission authority for review and enforcement of this subdivision ordinance is enacted under (Name Appropriate Enabling Legislation). 105.0 SCOPE This ordinance shall not apply to any lot or lots forming a part of a subdivision created and recorded prior to the effective date of this ordinance, except for the further division of an existing lot. 106.0 CONFORMANCE All plats under this ordinance shall conform to all zoning ordinance provisions for the district in which the proposed plat is to be located and all other ordinance provisions of the municipality. 107.0 POLICY A. Land to be subdivided shall be of such character that it can be used safely for building purposes without danger to health or peril from fire, flood, or other menace, and shall not be subdivided until proper provision is made for drainage, transportation, water and sewerage facilities, and it can be proven that these amenities presently exist and have adequate capacity to serve the proposed subdivision. B. All attempts shall be made to connect new subdivisions to public water and sewage facilities. New subdivisions located within an existing or proposed service area district for water or sanitary sewer shall be required to connect to those facilities. 108.0 JURISDICTION, MAJOR SUBDIVISIONS T~is subdi~ision ordina~ce_shall a~p~y to all Major subdivisions of land defined herei~, _locat 7d ~ithin the 1 7m7ts of (Name Municipality). No land shall be subdivided within (Name Municipality) until: A. T~e subdivider or its ~g 7nt has submitted a preliminary plat to the municipal planning commission; B. The plat has obtained preliminary and final plat approval from the municipality; 2 I �c. The approved final plat is filed and recorded by the Kalamazoo County Clerk/Register. 109.0 JURISDICTION, MINOR SUBDIVISIONS This subdivision ordinance shall not apply to minor subdivisions of land defined herein and shall also exclude cemeteries, lot splits, partitions, and divisions of land pursuant to court decree in the settlement of a decedents es~ate. (Optional) Minor subdivisions shall be regulated by the municipality pursuant to the Municipal Land Division Ordinance. I I I 110.0 INTERPRETATION In their interpretation and application, the provisions of this ordinance shall be held to be the minimum requirements for the promotion of the public health, ~afety, and general welfare. 111.0 ISSUANCE OF BUILDING PERMITS No building permit or certificate of occupancy shall be issued for any parcel or plat of land which was created by subdividing after the II effective date of, and not in conformance with, the provisions of this .. subdivision ordinance, and no excavation of land or construction of any public or private improvements shall take place or be commenced except in • conformance with this ordinance. ~ 112.0 CONFLICT This ordinance are not intended to interfere with, abrogate, or annul any other ordinance, rule, or regulation, statute, or other provis.ion of law. Where any provision of this ordinance imposes restriction different from those imposed by any other provision of this ordinance or any other ordinance, rule or regulation, or provision of law, whichever provisions are more restrictive or impose higher standards shall control. 113.0 SEPARABILITY If any part or provision of this ordinance or application thereof to any person or circumstances is adjudged invalid by any court of competent jurisdiction, such judgement shall be confined in its operation to the part, provision, or application directly involved in all controversy in which such judgement shall have been rendered and shall not affect or impair the validity of the remainder of this ordinance or the application thereof to other persons or circumstances. The municipal planning commission and the governing body hereby declares that it would have enacted the remainder of this ordinance without any such part, provision, or application. 114.0 SAVING PROVISION This ordinance shall not be construed as abating any action now pending under, or by virtue of, prior existing subdivision ordinance, or as discontinuing, abating, modifying, or altering any penalty accruing or about to accrue, or as affecting the liability of any person, firm, or corporation, or as waiving any right of the municipality under any section or provision existing at the time of adoption of this ordinance, or as 3 �vacating or annulling any rights obtained by any person, firm, or corporation, by lawful action of the municipality except as shall be expressly provided for in this ordinance. 115.0 REPEALER Upon the adoption of this ordinance according to law, the Subdivision Ordinance of (Name Municipality) adopted (Date), as amended, are hereby repealed, except as to such sections expressly retained herein. 116.0 AMENDMENTS For the purpose of providing for the public health, safety, and general welfare, the municipal planning commission or governing body may from time to time amend the provisions imposed by this subdivision ordi~ nance. Public hearings on all proposed amendments shall be held by the planning commission as prescribed by law. 117.0 CONDITIONS Regulation of the subdivision of land and the attachment of reasonable conditions to land subdivision is an exercise of valid police power delegated by the state to this municipality. The developer has the duty of compliance with reasonable conditions laid down by the planning commission and governing body for design, dedication, improvement, and restrictive use of land so as to conform to the physical and economical development of the municipality and to the safety and general welfare of the future plot owners in the subdivision and of the community at large. 118.0 ENACTMENT In order that land may be subdivided in accordance with these policies, this subdivision ordinance are hereby adopted, (see resolution number _ _ _ , dated _____ , signed by the municipal clerk and appropriate elected official). �I I I I I I I I - ARTICLE TWO SECTION 200.0 DEFINITIONS Annlicant: the owner of land proposed to be subdivided or his representative. Consent shall be required from the legal owner of the premises. As-Built Drawings: construction plans revised in accordance with all approved changes made in the field on a site. Bond: any form of security including a cash deposit, surety bond, collateral, property, or instrument of credit in an amount and form satisfactory the governing body. All bonds shall be approved by the governing body wherever a bond is required by this ordinance. Block: an area of land within a subdivision which may contain lots and is usually bounded by a combination of streets, but may be bounded by public parks, cemeteries, other right of ways, shorelines of waterways, or other boundary lines. Building: a structure, of more or less permanent construction, having a roof and intended to be used for sheltering people, animals, property, or business activities. Building Line: a line beyond which any enclosed portion of a building such as a porch or vestibule shall not project, which is more or less parallel to the road right-of-way, shore of lake, edge of a stream, or other property line. Center line: a line marked or painted upon a roadway which separates opposing traffic or where not delineated, shall be an imaginary line equidistant from the face of opposite curbs lines or lateral lines of the roadway. Collector Road: a road intended to move traffic from local roads to secondary arterials. A collector road serves a neighborhood or large subdivision and should be designed so that no residential properties face or exit on to it. These are identified on the Master Plan for Streets and Highways in the Comprehensive Plan of ( Name Municipality). Common Open Space: an area within a subdivision held out of development by the proprietor and designed for the common use or enjoyment of the subdivision residents, which may contain such complimentary features as are necessary and appropriate for the use or enjoyment of the subdivision residents. This may include common open space areas for recreational use, wildlife, plant preserves or nature study areas. Comprehensive Plan: the Master Plan of the municipality. Cul-de-sac: a minor street having only one outlet and a terminal end that facilitates ease of traffic reversal. 5 �Dead end street: a street having only one outlet for vehicular traffic which does not meet the definition of a cul-de-sac. Plats containing such streets shall not be approved. Dedication: the transfer of property from private to public ownership. Detention pond: a facility constructed to impound or retard peak storm water runoff temporarily. Developer: any person who causes land to be divided and developed. Consent shall be required from the legal owner of the premises. Easement: a grant by the land owner to another party for the specific and limited use of that land. Easement. Drainage: an acquired lggal right to use land owned by others for the purpose of construction, operation, or maintenance of storm or sanitary drainage features. Escrow: a deposit of cash with the local government in lieu of an amount required and still in force on a performance or maintenance bond. Such escrow funds shall be deposited with the municipality. Final Plat: the map or plan or record of a subdivision and any accompanying material, as described in this ordinance. Frontage: that side of the lot abutting on a street or which is intended to be adjacent to a street. Floodplain: an area in or adjacent to a waterway or other water channel or drain which is subject to periodic flooding at least once in every 100 years (100 year floodplain) and which area would be adverse to past, current, future construction or prudent land use as to constitute a significant hazard to public health, safety, or welfare. Grade: the slope of a road, street, or other public way, specified in terms of a percentage (rise divided by run times 100). Governing Body: shall be the legislative body of any city, village, or township. Joint Ownership: Joint ownership among persons shall be construed as the same owner for the purposes of imposing this subdivision ordinance. Land: all geographic areas occupied by or with real property. Licensed Engineer: an engineer licensed and registered in the State. Licensed Land Surveyor: a land surveyor licensed and registered in the State. 6 • • • �I I I I I I I I - Local Government: for the purposes of this ordinance, any city, township, or village authorized by law to enforce subdivision ordinances. Local Road: a road intended to provide access to collector roads from ~ndividual properties and as described on the Master Plan for streets and Highways in the Comprehensive Plan of (Name Municipality). Lot: a measured portion of a parcel or tract of land, which is described and fixed in a plat or which serves as a unit of the transfer of ownership or for development. Lot, Corner: a lot which is typically situated at the intersection of two (2) streets, but may be between a street and a public park, waterway, or easement for public purposes. Lot, Depth: the mean horizontal distance between the front lot line and the rear lot line, or the distance between the midpoint of the front lot line and the midpoint of the rear lot line. Lot, Width Minimum: is established in the zoning ordinance based upon the particular zone in which the proposed plat is located, and shall be considered that horizontal distance between side lot lines measured at the setback line. Lot Improvement: any building, structure, place, object, or improvement of the land on which it is situated which constitutes a physical betterment of real property, or which may increase the value of such real property. Lot Line, Front: the line separating the lot from the street. Lot Line, Rear: ordinarily, that line of a lot which is opposite from the front lot line. In a triangular or other oddly shaped lot, the rear lot line shall be determined by the governing body if required. Marginal Acc,e ss Street: a local street which is more or less parallel and adjacent to arterial streets and which provides access to abutting properties and protection from through traffic but does not carry through traffic. Major Subdivision: all subdivisions of five (5) or more lots created within a ten (10) year period being less than ten (10) acres in size, or any subdivision requiring any new streets or the extension of any utilities, or creation of any public improvements. Excluding, however, the following subdivisions: cemeteries; those subdivisions required as part of a judicial settlement or affected by testatory or intestate provisions; the conveyance of land or interest therein for use as right-of-way for any public facilities or pipelines which does not involve any new streets; the sale or exchange of parcels of land between owners of adjoining and contiguous lands if additional lots are not thereby created and the land from which the parcel is sold or exchanged is not reduced below the minimum size required by this ordinance or other applicable ordinance; a conveyance made to correct errors in a prior conveyance. 7 �Master Plan for Streets and Highways: official map and accompanying text which is a part of the Comprehensive Plan, which portrays and classifies all existing and proposed roads, streets, and thoroughfares within the local unit of government. (See official map and text) Master Plan: the Comprehensive Plan or Official Land Use Plan for development within the unit of government, prepared and adopted by the Planning Commission, pursuant to State Law, and including any part of such plan separately adopted, and any amendment to such plan, or parts thereof. Minor Subdivision: any subdivision containing or creating less than 5 lots, which is not in violation of the Subdivision Control Act, or which is not classified as a major subdivision, or which does not involve a new street or road, or the extension of facilities, or the creation of any public improvements, and not adversely affecting the remainder of the parcel or adjoining property, and not in conflict with any provision or portion of the Comprehensive Plan or Maps, Zoning Ordinance, or this ordinance. Nonresidential Subdivision: a subdivision whose intended use is other than residential, such as commercial or industrial. Such subdivisions comply with the applicable provisions of this ordinance. Outlet: when included within the boundary of a plat, means a lot set aside for purposes other than a building site, park or land dedicated to public use or reserved to private use. Owner: any person, group of persons, firm or firms, corporation or corporations, or other legal entity having title to or sufficient proprietary interest in the land sought to be subdivided under this ordinance. Pedestrian Way: a separate right-of-way dedicated to or reserved for public use by pedestrians, which crosses blocks or other tracts of land, or which may connect buildings, structures, or other uses of land for the purpose of facilitating pedestrian access to adjacent street, properties, structures, parking lots, and other uses of land. This may include sidewalks, or other similar walkways constructed of asphalt, wood chips, or other materials. Planning Commission: the Planning or Zoning Board or Planning Commission, or other body responsible for review and recommendations or actions on proposed developments. Plat: a map or chart of the subdivision of land. Preliminary Plat: a map showing the salient features of a proposed subdivision submitted to the municipality for the purposes of preliminary consideration by the municipal planning commission and/or governing body. 8 �I I I I I I I I ' Primary Arterial: a . road intended to move traffic to and from major attractors such as shopping centers, central business districts, regional shopping malls, colleges and universities, military installations and similar traffic generators within the local unit of government, and/or as a route for traffic between neighboring communities, and as designated on the Master Plan for Streets and Highways in the Comprehensive Plan. Private Road. a road not open or dedicated to the public use which may serve more than one dwelling, but which shall be built according to Kalamazoo County Road Commission, or other municipal standards and shall be approved by the municipality prior to final plat approval. Public Improvement: any or all of the following: grading; road; pavement; curb; gutter; sidewalk; water main; sanitary sewer line; storm sewer line; retention and detention areas; leechate basins; curb cut; side walk and driveway entrances; right of way; guard rails; retaining walls; sodding; landscaping and plantings; or other facility for which the local government may ultimately assume responsibility for maintenance and operation, or which may affect an improvement for which the local government responsibility is established. Proprietor: as used herein shall be deemed to include any person, firm, association, partnership, corporation, or any combination of these entities which have ownership rights to property. Right-of-Way: a strip or area of land occupied or intended to be occupied by a street, crosswalk, railroad, electric transmission line, oil, gas pipeline, water main, sanitary or storm sewer main, shade trees or other use. The right-of-way shall not be included within the dimensions of any lot or parcel adjoining such right-of-way. Such right-of-ways shall be dedicated to the public use by the maker of the plat on which the right-of-way is established. Right-of-Way, Width for Roads: the distance between property lines measured at right angles to the centerline of the street. Roads, Classification: the classification of each street based upon its location within its respective zoning district and its present and expected future traffic volume and its relative importance and function as specified in the Master Plan for Streets and Highways in the Comprehensive Plan. The required improvements shall be measured as set forth for each street classification on the Master Plan for Streets and Highways. Secondary Arterial: a road intended to collect and distribute traffic in a manner similar to primary arterials, except that these roads service minor traffic generating areas such as community commercial areas, primary and secondary educational buildings hospitals, major recreational areas, churches, and offices, and/or designed to carry traffic from collector streets to the system of primary arterials. 9 �Setback: the distance between a building or proposed building or structure and the street right-of-way, or where no right-of-way is present, that distance as measured from the building or proposed building or structure to the nearest property line. Subdivision or Subdivide: the partitioning or dividing of a parcel or tract of land by the proprietor thereof or by his heirs, executors, administrators, legal representatives,· successors or assigns for the purpose of sale or lease of more than one year, or of building development, where the act of division creates 5 or more parcels of land each of which is 10 acres or less in total area; or 5 or more parcels of land each of which is 10 acres or less in area are created by successive divisions within a period of 10 years. Subdivision Control Act: Michigan Act 288 of Public Acts of 1967, as amended. 10 �i I I I I I I I I . ARTICLE THREE SECTION 300.0 ADMINISTRATION and ENFORCEMENT It shall be the duty of the ( Name Municipal Official ) to enforce this ordinance and to bring to the attention of the ( Name Municipal Official or Attorney ) any violations or lack of compliance herewith. A. No owner, or agent of an owner, of any parcel of land located in a proposed subdivision shall transfer or sell any such parcel before a plat of such a subdivision has been reviewed by the ( Name Municipality), in accordance with the provisions of this ordinance, and filed with the Kalamazoo County Clerk/Register. B. The subdivision of of metes and bounds description with the intent of evading this described subdivisions shall be tained in this ordinance. any lot or any parcel of land, by the use for the purpose of sale, transfer, or lease ordinance, shall not be permitted. All such subject to all of the requirements con- C. No building permit shall be issued for the construction of any building or structure located on a lot or plat subdivided or sold in violation of the provisions of this ordinance. 301.0 VIOLATIONS and PENALTIES Any person, firm, or corporation who fails to comply with, or violates, any of this ordinance shall be subject to a fine of not more than $ _ _ _ , or imprisonment for a period not exceeding _ _ _ _ _ _ , or both. 302.0 CIVIL ENFORCEMENT Appropriate actions and proceedings may be taken by law or in equity to prevent any violation of this ordinance, to prevent unlawful construction, to recover damages, to restrain, correct, or abate a violation, to prevent illegal occupancy, of a building, structure, or premises, and these remedies shall be in addition to the penalties described above. 303.0 VARIANCES Where the governing body finds that extraordinary or practical difficulties may result from strict compliance with this ordinance and/or the purposes of this ordinance may be served to a greater extent by an alternative proposal, it may act upon variances to this subdivision ordinance so that substantial justice may be done and the public interest secured, provided that such variance shall not have the effect of nullifying the intent and purpose of this ordinance; further provided the governing body shall not act upon variances unless it shall make findings based upon the evidence presented to it in each specific case that: A. The granting of the variance will not be detrimental to the public safety, health, or general welfare or injurious to other property; B. The conditions upon which the request for variance is based are unique to the property for which the variance is sought and not applicable generally to other property; 11 �- c. Because of the particular physical surroundings, shape, or topographical conditions of the specific property involved, a particular hardship to the owner would result, as distinguished from a mere inconvenience or . economic hardship, if the strict letter of this ordinance is carried out; D. The variance(s) will not in any manner vary the provisions the Zoning Ordinance, Comprehensive Plan, or Map. E. That conditions requiring the variance were not created by the proprietor. 304.0 VARIANCE CONDITIONS In acting on variances, the governing body may require such conditions as will, in its judgement, secure substantially the objectives, standards, or requirements of this ordinance. 305.0 VARIANCE PROCEDURES A petition for variance shall be submitted in writing by the subdivider at the time when the tentative preliminary plat is filed for the consideration of the planning commission. The planning commission shall make a recommendation on the variance to the governing body. The petition shall state fully the grounds for the application and all of the facts relied upon by the petitioner for the variance. The planning commission shall forward its recommendation on the variance request to the governing body which shall have authority for approving variances. The process for variance consideration shall run concurrently with tentative preliminary plat approval. 12 d �I I l I I I 1 I I I I ARTICLE FOUR SECTION 400.0 PRELIMINARY PLAT PROCEDURE INITIAL PROCEDURES. Proprietors and potential subdividers are encouraged to examine all relevant official maps and plans of the municipality and to become familiar with the approval process of subdividing prior to engagement therein. These relevant official documents include the Zoning Ordinance, Subdivision 'Ordinance, Comprehensive Development Plan and Map, and the Master Plan for Streets and Highways. The developer is also encouraged to consult with the planning commission, staff, or other municipal officials prior to subdivision submittal. This will be beneficial in terms of understanding and becoming familiar with the conditions and ordinance requirements needed for subdivision development. The proprietor is also encouraged to review the Subdivision Control Act P.A. 288 of 1967, as amended. 401.0 TENTATIVE PRELIMINARY PLAT SUBMISSION The proprietor or his agent shall submit to the planning commission, or C Name Municipal Official), on a form provided for this purpose, up to ten (10) copies of a proposed tentative preliminary plat for review and tentative and approval. Such an approval shall be accompanied with the associated fee as adopted in the schedule of fees set by resolution by the governing body, for tentative approval of a preliminary plat. Only a complete application shall be accepted by the municipality for review. The official date of submission shall begin with the acceptance by the municipality of a complete application. 4 02. 0 TENTATIVE PRELIMINARY PLAT PLAN REQUIREMENTS The proprietor shall prepare and submit a plan for tentative preliminary plat approval. The required plan shall contain the following items: A. Topography of the parcel at a contour interval of 4 feet or less in accordance with National Geodetic Vertical Datum (N.G.V.D.)of 1929, with description and location of at least two (2) bench marks used for contour elevations. State Plane Coordinate data shall also be provided for plat location. B. A scale of not greater than 1 inch equals 100 feet, north arrow, and a general vicinity map at a scale of one inch to one thousand feet (1"=1000 1 ) with the appropriate orientation to the plat showing section and quarter section lines and any general features located in the vicinity of the plat. Whenever possible the top of each sheet should be oriented north. c. I r Location of streets and street classification including rightof-way widths and dimension, and street names. D. Location of all man made and natural features including, but not limited to topography, property lines of adjacent parcels, fence lines, curb cuts, streets, and where possible, other natural and man made features located within 150 ft of the plat boundary. 13 �E. Location of all proposed water main, sanitary sewer, storm water drainage features, with arrows depicting direction of flow and pipe size. If such features are not available at the site a note indicating the location of the nearest water main, sanitary sewer, or stormwater drainage features shall be provided. F. The names and addresses of all owners of real property as listed on the most recent tax roll of the municipality immediately adjoining the prop~sed plat and all owners of real property located within 300 feet of the proposed subdivision as measured from the outermost plat boundary. In areas zoned agricultural or rural residential, the names and addresses of all owners of real property located within one thousand (1000) ft. shall be submitted. G. Location and elevation of any flood plain and or wetland areas that are regulated by the Department of Natural resources or the federal government. Base flood plain elevational data shall be provided as identified by the federal Flood Insurance Study. H. A title block which provides the following information: 1. Name, address, and telephone number of the proprietor(s), engineer(s), or land surveyor(s) which drafted the proposed plat. 2. Date, sheet number, draft number, plat title, township, range, and section number, and appropriate legal description. 3. Official seal of the Professional Engineer and or Registered Land Surveyor which approved or constructed the legal description of the property, plat design, and engineering calculations. I. Location and width of all existing and proposed utility easements and sidewalks. J. Location of all proposed lot irons and monuments with each lot numbered in a consecutive fashion. K. Lot size dimensions regarding length of all proposed lot lines measured to the nearest foot with plat boundary lines in a heavy solid line. L. General site data requirements including parcel zoning minimum lot size, proposed lot sizes, total acreage of the plat, census tract and/or block number, and density in units per acre. M. Location of all soil borings made upon the parcel and description of all predominant soils types located in the plat. N. Building setback lines showing dimensions from all streets. 14 ... "" �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 403.0 TENTATIVE PRELIMINARY PLAT - PUBLIC HEARING The planning commission after receiving a complete application shall schedule the tentative preliminary plat for a public hearing. One notice of the public hearing for the preliminary plat shall be -placed in a paper of general circulation within the community not less than five days nor more than fifteen days before the application is to be considered. Notice of the hearing shall also be sent by mail to a~l owners of real property located within three hundred feet of the proposed plat. In areas zoned agricultural or rural residential, the distance required for notification shall be one thousand (1000) feet from the plat boundary. Such notice shall: 1. Describe the nature of the proposed request. 2. Provide a site location map of the property which is subject to development. 3. State when and where the application shall be considered. 4. Indicate where and by what date written comments may be submitted for inclusion in the minutes of the public hearing. 404.0 EVALUATION OF TENTATIVE PRELIMINARY PLAT In evaluating the proposed plat for tentative approval the municipality shall take into consideration all the relevant official planning documents of the municipality. Such review and evaluation by the municipality shall also take into consideration the general requirements of this ordinance with particular attention given to the arrangement, location, and width of streets, their relation to the topography of the land, sewage disposal, drainage, lot sizes and arrangement, and the further development of adjoining lands as yet unsubdivided. 405.0 REVIEW AND RECOMMENDATION OF TENTATIVE PRELIMINARY PLAT - PLANNING COMMISSION A. The planning commission after hearing comments at the public hearing shall take action on the preliminary plat within sixty (60) days of the date of filing a complete application for tentative approval of a preliminary plat. This review period may be extended up to 1 year by written agreement between the planning commission and the proprietor if the written agreement is completed prior to planning commission action on the plat. If no action is taken by the planning commission within the sixty (60) day period, and no extension is secured, the governing body shall assume the plat has been recommended for unconditional approval by the planning commission. B. If the planning commission determines that there is substantial conformance, it shall recommend approval or conditional approval of the plat. Where it is determined there is not substantial conformance, the planning commission shall recommend disapproval of the preliminary plat and transmit its recommendation together with any conditions or rational for its actions to the governing body. f 15 �406.0 TENTATIVE PRELIMINARY PLAT ACTION - GOVERNING BODY A. The governing body shall within ninety (90) days of the submission date of the preliminary plat for tentative approval either approve, conditionally approve, or deny the tentative preliminary plat and set forth in writing its reasons for rejecting the tentative preliminary plat and the requirements for tentative preliminary plat approval. Tentative approval of the preliminary plat by the governing body sha11· constitute authorization to prepare and submit a preliminary plat for final approval and shall confer upon the proprietor for a period of one year from the approval date, approval of lot sizes, lot orientation, and street layout. The governing body may require additional changes as a result of further study of the subdivision final form. 407.0 PRELIMINARY PLAT PLAN SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS - PINAL APPROVAL A. The proprietor shall be responsible for delivering copies of the plat to, and receive approval from, the review agencies listed in Sections 112 - 119 of the Subdivision Control Act. The proprietor or his agent shall submit to the planning commission, or ( Name Municipal Official), on a form provided for this purpose, up to ten (10) copies of a proposed preliminary plat for final review and approval. Such an approval shall be accompanied with the associated fee as adopted in the schedule of fees, for final review and approval of a preliminary plat. Only a complete application shall be accepted by the municipality for review. All applications for preliminary plat approval shall be accompanied by either a letter from the School Superintendent of the local school district in which the proposed subdivision is located indicating that the school district has received a copy of the proposed preliminary plat, or other evidence that mailing of the plat to the school district has occurred. In addition, letters of preliminary plat APPROVAL from the following agencies shall also be required to accompany the application to the municipality: 1. Kalamazoo county Road commission for proposed streets under its jurisdiction, or any other Municipal body for roads under its jurisdiction. 2. Kalamazoo county Drain commissioner indicating that all public . storm water improvements will meet the appropriate standards for control of storm drainage and run off. 3. Kalamazoo County Bureau of Environmental Health indicating that soil conditions in the proposed plat are adequate for septic tank absorption fields and water wells, if public water and sanitary sewer are not included in the plat. 4. Kalamazoo county Department of Planning and community Development indicating that street names in the proposed plat are acceptable and there is no duplication of street names. 5. Michigan Department of Natural Resources regarding the development of, on, or near any designated wetlands, lakes, or streams on the parcel, if applicable. 6. Michigan Department of Transportation for any development that has access to roads under its jurisdiction, if applicable. 16 .... .., �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I r 408.0 FINAL PRELIMINARY PLAT_ PLAN REQUIREMENTS A. Prior to application for final preliminary plat approval, all outstanding taxes upon the land proposed to be subdivided shall be paid in full. B. The proprietor shall submit up to (10) copies of the proposed final preliminary plat plans for the subdivision which shall include all items listed in Section 402.0, and which shall conform substantially to the preliminary plat as tentatively approved by the municipality. c. The proprietor shall submit up to three (3) sets of detailed working drawings and calculations showing plans for grading, drainage structures, all proposed utilities, road construction, and soil erosion and sedimentation plans. All plans shall be prepared and sealed by a registered professional engineer. D. The municipality shall transmit these plans to the municipal engineer for review and approval. 409.0 FINAL PRELIMINARY PLAT APPROVAL - GOVERNING BODY A. The governing body shall within twenty (20) days of the submission date approve, conditionally approve, or deny the proposed plat and set forth in writing its reasons for rejecting the final preliminary plat and the requirements for final preliminary plat approval. B. Final approval of the preliminary plat by the governing body shall confer upon the proprietor for a period of two (2) years from the approval date, approval of the lot sizes, lot orientations, and street layout of the proposed subdivision. Notice of final preliminary plat approval shall be given by ( Name Municipal Official). Final preliminary plat approval may be extended beyond this two (2) year period of approval for one (1) year if an extension is applied for by the proprietor and granted in writing by the governing body. C. Approval of the final preliminary plat shall not constitute approval of the final plat, but rather, that final plat approval shall be conditioned on all requirements of final preliminary plat approval being met. D. The proprietor shall have two years from the date of final preliminary plat approval from the governing body in which to make all of the required and necessary improvements, both public and private, to the property, unless and extension is granted as described herein. 410.0 WAIVER OF TENTATIVE PRELIMINARY PLAT APPROVAL The municipality, at its option, may waive the tentative preliminary plat approval process provided that: A. The proprietor has prepared the preliminary plat plan containing all requirements of Section 402.0 of this ordinance. B. The proprietor has applied for and received approval from all of the review agencies pursuant to Section 407.0 of this ordinance and any other agency as required by the Subdivision Control Act. c. The requirements of Section 408.0 (A) (B) and (C) have been met. 17 �410.1 SUBMISSION, REVIEW, AND_ RECOMMENDATION - PLANNING COMMISSION A. Application for waiver of tentative preliminary plat under section 410.0 shall be made to the planning commission or ( Name Municipal Official), and be associated with the required fees for final preliminary plat approval. The planning commission shall then schedule the final preliminary plat for a public hearing pursuant to Section 403.0 of this ordinance. B. The planning commission after hearing comments at the public hearing and consulting with the municipal engineer, shall take action on the final preliminary plat within sixty (60) days of the date of filing a complete application for approval of a final preliminary plat. This review period may be extended up to 1 year by written agreement between the planning commission and the proprietor if the written agreement is completed prior to planning commission action on the plat. If no action is taken by the planning commission within the sixty (60) day period, and no extension is secured, the governing body shall assume the plat has been recommended unconditionally for approval by the planning commission. C. If the planning commission determines that there is substantial conformance with all municipal planning documents, it shall recommend approval or conditional approval of the plat. Where it is determined there is not substantial conformance, the planning commission shall recommend disapproval of the final preliminary plat and transmit its recommendation together with any conditions or rational for its actions to the governing body. 410.2 APPROVAL - GOVERNING BODY A. The governing body shall within ninety (90) days of the submission date of the final preliminary plat either approve, conditionally approve, or deny the final preliminary plat and set forth in writing its reasons for rejecting the final preliminary plat and the requirements for final preliminary plat approval. B. Final approval of the preliminary plat by the governing body shall confer upon the proprietor for a period of two (2) years from the approval date, approval of the lot sizes, lot orientations, and street layout of the proposed subdivision. Notice of final preliminary plat approval shall be given by ( Name Municipal Official). Final preliminary plat approval may be extended beyond this two (2) year period of approval for one (1) year if an extension is applied for by the proprietor and granted in writing by the governing body. C. The preliminary plat the required and property, unless proprietor shall have two years from the date of final approval from the governing body in which to make all of necessary improvements, both public and private, to the and extension is granted as described herein. D. Approval by the governing body authorizes the proprietor to submit for final plat approval. 18 �I All applications for final plat approval shall be in the form, and contain the information, required by the Subdivision Control Act and I include: A. One (1) reproducible copy on mylar or other dimensionally stable material at a minimum of eighteen inches by twenty-four I inches and• ten (10) prints thereof, an eleven by seventeen 411.0 I I I I I I I I FINAL PLAT PLAN REQUIREMENTS AND FILING inch copy of the final plat, and all recording and filing fees shall be deposited with the (Name Municipal Official). B. Title, abstract of title, or other certificate which establishes ownership interests for all land included within the plat, and title insurance in an amount satisfactory to the municipality. c. The proprietor shall provide the municipality with three (3) copies of as-built drawings or final construction plans for streets, water, sewer, storm drainage, sidewalks, utility profiles, and other required public improvements shall be submitted to the municipality in order to make determination as to the conformance of proposed improvements to State, County, and municipal specifications and ordinances. D. Be accompanied by all formal irrevocable offers of dedication to the public of all streets, local governmental uses, utilities, parks, and easements, on a form approved by the municipality; and the subdivision plat shall be marked with a notation indicating formal offers of dedication as follows: "The owner, or his representative, hereby irrevocably offers for dedication to the municipality all public improvements shown within the subdivision plat and construction plans in accordance with an irrevocable offer of dedication dated ______ , and subject to the acceptance of the Municipality." Date By (Owner/Representative) E. The proprietor shall deliver a full covenant and warranty deed to all such lands stated in D above in proper form for recording, together with a title policy for the municipality in a sum acceptable to the municipality. I F. Performance agreement as outlined in Section 500.0, if required, in ·a form acceptable to the municipality in an amount satisfactory to the municipal engineer and the governing body which shall include a provision that the principle of the bond shall comply with all the terms of final plat approval as determined by the governing body and shall include, but not be limited to, the performance all required subdivision improvements, and that all improvements and land included in the irrevocable offer of dedication shall be dedicated to the municipality free and clear of all liens and encumbrances on the premises. 19 �G. No more than ten (10) copies of any proposed restrictive covenants and deed restrictions, or written statement that none are proposed. H. such other information as the municipality shall deem to be reasonably necessary to establish whether the proper parties have signed the final plat. I. A letter from the Kalamazoo County Bureau of Environmental Health, if applicable for those subdivisions requiring individual wells and septic systems, indicating that the proposed final plat is consistent with the preliminary plat as approved by the Bureau of Environmental Health. J. Other such information as the municipal engineer may require to reasonably ensure the extent of completion of any required unfinished public improvements. 412.0 FINAL PLAT REVIEW AND APPROVAL The subdivider shall submit the final plat and required copies with as-built drawings and other data as required herein to the ( Name Municipal Official). A. The governing body shall within twenty (20) days of the submission date for final plat approval act on the final plat and shall either approve or disapprove the plat. If the plat is disapproved, the governing body shall transmit to the subdivider its reasons for denial in writing within ten (10) days. If approved, the board shall instruct the clerk to sign the municipal certificate on the final plat on behalf of the governing body showing the date of approval and record all proceedings in the minutes of the meeting. NOTE: If the planning commission is organized under P.A. 285 of 1931, (Municipal Planning Act), and has taken the necessary steps as required by Sec. 14 of said act, a public hearing is required by Section 15 of that said act, with notices to be sent by registered mail to the owners of land immediately adjoining the proposed plat, at least five (5) days prior to the hearing date. Mpdifications to this model should also be made if the zoning board is organized under the Township Rural Zoning Act. 20 �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ARTICLE FIVE SECTION 500.0 ASSURANCE FOR COMPLETION AND MAINTENANCE OF IMPROVEMENTS The construction of all improvements required by this ordinance shall be completed by the subdivider and approved by the governing body prior to final plat approval. In lieu of the actual installation and approval of all public improvements required by this ordinance prior to final plat approval, tHe governing body may, in its discretion for those requirements which are over and beyond the requirements of any other approving agency, or any agency responsible for the administration, operation and maintenance of the applicable public improvements, require the subdivider to guarantee completion of such required improvements in one or a combination of the following arrangements. In each instance where the subdivider is to guarantee completion of required improvements, the municipality and the subdivider shall enter into a written agreement specifying in detail the nature of the required improvements, the time in which these improvements are to be completed, provisions for checking or inspecting the construction of each such improvement to determine its conformity to the submitted construction plans and specifications, and the nature of the financial guarantee of performance which is to be provided by the subdivider for each improvement. 501.0 TYPES OF ACCEPTABLE GUARANTEE Financial guarantees shall be provided by one or both of the following methods: 1. Performance or surety Bond a.) Accrual. The bond shall accrue to the municipality and shall cover the full cost of constructing and installing the specific public improvement and, where applicable, placing the specific public improvements in operation. b.) Amount. The bond shall be in an amount equal to the total estimated cost for completing construction and installation of the specific public improvement, including contingencies as estimated by the municipal engineer and governing body, as well as, where applicable, the total estimate of the cost of placing the specific public improvement in operation, including contingencies as estimated by the municipal engineer and governing body. c.) Term. The term of the bond shall be for such period as shall be deemed acceptable by the governing body. d.) Bonding or Surety Company. The bond shall be written by a surety company authorized to do business in the State of Michigan acceptable to the governing body. 2. Cash Deposit, Certified Check, Negotiable Bond, or Irrevocable Bank Letter of credit. a.) Treasurer, Escrow Agent, or Trust Company. A Cash deposit, certified check, negotiable bond, or irrevocable bank letter of credit, as approved by the governing body, shall 21 �be deposited with the municipality. Such deposit shall be made pursuant to a written escrow agreement between the subdivider and the municipality. The escrow agreement may provide that the deposit will be held by the municipal treasurer. b.) Value. The dollar value of the financial instrument shall be in an amount equal to the total estimated cost of construction and installation of the specified public improvement including contingencies, as estimated by the municipal engineer and governing body. c.) Term. The deposit shall be retained by the municipality for a period to be specified by the governing body. 502.0 REMUNERATION The written agreement between -the subdivider and the municipality may provide for progressive remuneration in various amounts acceptable to the municipality, of the financial instruments outlined in sections 1 and 2 above. The amount of remuneration shall be reduced only upon certification by the municipal engineer that the specific required public improvement has been satisfactorily completed and installed. The amount of remuneration shall be reduced only to the ratio that the public improvement bears to the total public improvements to the plat. At no time, however, shall a performance bond be reduced below twenty-five percent (25%) of the principal amount. 503.0 ACCEPTANCE OF DEDICATED OFFERS Acceptance of formal offers of dedication of streets, public areas, easements, and parks shall be by ordinance/resolution of the municipality. The approval by the municipality of a subdivision shall not be deemed to constitute or imply the acceptance by the municipality of any public improvement shown on the plat. 504.0 PENALTY FOR FAILURE TO COMPLETE IMPROVEMENTS In the event the subdivider shall, in any case, fail to complete a public improvement within a period of time specified in his agreement with the municipality for the completion of said improvements, the governing body may, at its option, proceed to have the public improvement completed. The subdivider shall reimburse the municipality for all costs associated with the completion of said improvement from the bond or deposit provided pursuant to this ordinance. 505.0 ACCEPTANCE OF ESCROW FUNDS Whenever, by reason of the season of the year, any lot improvements required by this ordinance cannot be performed, the municipality may issue a certificate of occupancy, provided there is no danger to health, safety, or general welfare upon accepting a cash escrow deposit in an amount to be determined by the municipality for the cost of said improvements. Any performance bond in effect shall remain in effect. All requirements for which escrow monies have been accepted by the municipality at the time of issuance of a certificate of occupancy shall be installed by the developer within a period of nine (9) months from the date of deposit. Prior to these escrow monies being released, the municipal engineer shall 22 �I I I I I I . I I I certify that the said public improvements have been completely and correctly installed. 506.0 ISSUANCE OF BUILDINGS PERMITS No building permit shall be issued for the final fifteen percent (15%) of lots in a subdivision, or if fifteen percent (15%) be less than two (2), for the final two lots of a subdivision, until all public improvements required by the municipality have been fully completed and dedicated to the appropriate body having jurisdiction. No building permit will be issued for any lot or parcel which does not have facilities for sewage disposal or potable water. Prior to the issuance of any building permits, well and septic permits from the Kalamazoo County Bureau of Environmental Health shall be required for on-site systems or permits from the City of Kalamazoo shall be required for lots or parcels connected to municipal sewer or water systems. 507.0 ISSUANCE OF OCCUPANCY PERMITS The extent of street improvements shall be sufficient for vehicular access by the prospective occupant and by all public protective service equipment, which may include police and fire equipment, prior to the issuance of occupancy permit. Sufficiency of public vehicular access shall be determined by the Municipal Police and Fire Chiefs, and at a minimum shall require a base layer of asphalt or other paving material with adequate compaction to support the weight and movement of public safety vehicles. 508.0 MODEL HOMES I I For the purpose of allowing the early construction of model homes in a subdivision, the municipality in its discretion may issue permits for no more than two (2) lots provided that those lots derive access from an existing city, county or state road or highway, and provided that adequate vehicular access for police and fire equipment exists on a local road serving the proposed subdivision, and provided that adequate facilities for water and sewer are available,. Permits for model homes shall only be issued after the subdivider has received preliminary plat approval and shall be subject to any conditions as may be required by the municipality. I I I t r I 23 �ARTICLE SIX SECTION 600.0 DESIGN CRITERIA The purpose of this section is to provide for reasonable and acceptable standards of subdivision and site design. These standards will foster functional and attractive subdivision -development, minimize adverse impacts of improper design, and ensure that subdivision development remains a community asset. In order to promote this, major subdivisions defined herein shall conform to the following standards which are designed to result in a well planned community without adding unnecessarily to development costs. These standards are considered minimums in terms of acceptability. 601.0 STREET AND ROAD SYSTEM DESIGN The street system shall be designed to permit the safe, efficient, and orderly movement of traffic; to meet the needs of present and expected future populations; to have a simple and logical pattern; to respect natural and topographic features so as to result in useable lots, reasonable grades both for streets and driveways intersecting therewith; and to promote an attractive streetscape. A. Residential street systems shall be designed to meet the needs of the planned neighborhood and to discourage use by through traffic. B. The arrangement of streets shall conform to the Master Plan for Streets and Highways and Comprehensive Plan. c. Streets not shown on the Master Plan for Streets and Highways, shall be arranged to provide for the appropriate extension of existing streets. D. Streets shall be classified in a street hierarchy with design tailored to function. Street characteristics and design requirements are provided in the Master Plan for Streets and Highways. E. Streets shall be constructed in accordance with the standards promulgated by the ( Name Appropriate Agency}. F. Street layout shall not isolate or landlock adjacent or nearby. parcels of undeveloped property from existing public streets. G. Local street intersections shall be at 90 degree angles when possible with a minimum intersection length of 100 feet, but never less than 80 degrees. No more than two streets shall cross at an intersection. Opposing "T" type intersections shall require a minimum separation distance of 200 feet measured from centerline to centerline. H. Cul-de-sac streets are allowed provided that the maximum distance a cul-de-sac extends from an intersection is 1320 feet, measured along the centerline. I. Private streets are unacceptable in most instances. Exceptions will be considered for planned unit developments, cluster, and condominium developments. Approval of private roads shall be granted by the governing body and built to the ( Name Appropriate Agency) standards. 24 �I I I I I I I I 1 I J. Marginal Access Streets may be required when a subdivision abuts or contains a proposed extension of a collector, or arterial street. These are required for adequate protection of residential properties, to afford separation of through and local traffic, and to retain the traffic carrying capacity of the collector and arterial streets. A fifteen (15) foot wide landscaped area shall be required between the marginal access street and the collector or arterial street. This marginal access street shall be dedicated to the public • • K. Where topography and the size of the parcel allow for curvilinear local road layout and design, such design shall be utilized in the full development and subdivision of the parcel and shall be looked upon favorably by the municipality. Straight street lengths for local roads in excess of 1320 feet should be avoided. L. A subdivision or an extension of an existing subdivision which creates a total of 50 or more lots shall require two or more points of access to publicly dedicated primary roads built to ( Name Appropriate Agency) specifications. 602.0 CURB AND GUTTER (Optional) Curb and gutter shall be required for the purposes of drainage, safety, prevention of unnecessary maintenance, and delineation and protection of the pavement edge in all major subdivisions. A variance from this requirement may be allowed for subdivisions in the agricultural or rural residential zoning categories. A. Curb style and requirements shall vary according to street hierarchy as outlined in the Master Plan for Streets and Highways. B. Curbing shall be designed to provide for ramps for bicycles and wheelchairs at street intersections and other areas as may be required by the governing body. C. Curbing shall without exception be either concrete or asphalt and shall constructed in accordance to the specifications of the municipal engineer. I I I I I I D. A minimum distance of two feet shall separate curbs from walkways and bicycle pathways. 603.0 WALKWAYS - BICYCLE PATHWAYS (Optional) Pedestrian walkways shall be required for safety and located where necessary to reduce or eliminate potential vehicle/pedestrian conflicts. A. Pedestrian walkways shall be required for all major subdivisions. A variance from this requirement may be permitted for subdivisions located in the agricultural or rural residential zoning categories. 25 �B. Pedestrianways snall be placed on one side of the street and parallel to it within the dedicated nonpavement right of way, with exceptions permitted to preserve natural features or where slope makes pedestrian systems impractical. They shall also conform to construction requirements of the municipal engineer and shall be 4 foot in width and made of concrete or asphalt. These pedestrian walkways shall have a ramp flared to a width of 5 feet where they intersect streets. c. Bicycle Pathways shall be required in subdivisions in accordance with the overall bicycle pathway system as indicated in the Master Plan and shall be constructed of 7 foot wide concrete or asphalt material in accordance with the specifications of the municipal engineer. These shall be located with the dedicated nonpavement right of way. D. For walkways and bicycle pathways established outside of the dedicated nonpavement right of way, the governing body may require a ten (10) foot wide perpetual unobstructed easement be located on the plat. 604.0 LOTS Lots shall conform to the requirements of the municipal zoning ordinance for minimum square footage and· lot frontage for the zoning district within which the plat is located. A. Corner Lots shall exceed by a minimum of ten (10) feet, the width requirements of the municipal zoning ordinance in order to accommodate the additional setback requirements. B. Residential lots shall not face onto a freeway right-of-way, arterial or collector street, or other non-residentially zoned property, but may front upon a marginal access street. Lots on a cul-de-sac which opens onto a major street and which may front non-residentially zoned areas or freeway right-of-way, arterial or collector street may be allowed. C. All lots shall abut, with their entire frontage, on a dedicated public street, or private street as approved by the governing body. D. Lots extending through a block and facing two streets are prohibited, except where a lot may back up to a freeway right-of-way, arterial or collector street, or non-residentially zoned area, provided that a twenty (20) foot wide landscaped buffered area separates the lots from a freeway right-of-way, arterial or collector street, or non-residential land use. E. For lots abutting lakes, streams, other water bodies, and dedicated open areas such as parks, that portion of the lot facing that amenity may be designated on the plat as the front, provided that the setback from the street is equal to the setback required for the front. In no case, however, shall the front setback be less than that required by the zoning ordinance. F. Lot lines shall be perpendicular to the street right-of-way and radial from curvilinear streets. Side lot lines should be straight unless made impractical by natural features or street curves. Variations shall be allowed by the governing body where variation from these requirements results in a better arrangement of lots. 26 11111 11!111111111111 �G. Lots shall not be platted within the floodplain of any water body located in the municipality, or upon other lands as in the opinion of the governing body would increase the danger to health, life, or property, or increase flooding hazard. These lands shall be set aside for other uses such as parks or open space. 605.0 BLOCKS Blocks shall have sufficient width to provide for two tiers of lots of appropriate depths. Exceptions to this provision may be made for blocks adjacent to non-residential uses, arterial and collector streets, freeway right-of-ways, railroad rights-of-way, river, and/or other open water courses. A. Blocks shall be not less than 400 feet from centerline to centerline of intersecting streets. B. Blocks shall not have a length greater than 1000 feet from centerline to centerline of intersecting streets. 606.0 UTILITIES A. Storm Water Facilities: No plat shall be approved by the municipality which does not adequately provide for storm and flood water management features including, but not limited to, detention and retention areas, piping, runoff channels, and basins, and no subdivision shall be approved unless adequate drainage will be delivered and provided to an adequate drainage watercourse or facility. Such facilities may be required by the municipal engineer to be oversized to accommodate upstream drainage or minimize the impact of the proposed subdivision on the downstream drainage area. 1. The location of storm water utility lines where practical shall fall within the dedicated right-of-way of existing and proposed streets according to the specifications and standards of the municipal engineer. 2. Where public storm sewers are available, the applicant shall install storm sewer facilities and be required hook up to these existing facilities. However, where such public facilities are not available, adequate provision shall be made on site. 3. On-site retention and detention areas shall be separate from platted lots within the subdivision. 4. Culverts and other drainage features shall in each case be large enough to accommodate potential runoff from the entire upstream drainage area, whether inside or outside of the proposed subdivision. such sizing shall be based upon accepted standards and specifications promulgated by the municipal engineer. 5. Drainage features on site shall also take into consideration down stream water course drainage and shall be designed so that additional runoff to down stream facilities shall not be overburdened. 27 �6. Low-lying lands, wetlands, and lands along watercourses which are subject to flooding or overflow during storm periods, whether or not included in areas for dedication, be preserved and retained in their natural state as drainage areas. such lands subject to periodic flooding shall not be computed in determining the number of lots to be utilized for average densities, nor for computing the area requirements for lots. 7. Drainage easements incapable of inclusion in the road right-of-way shall be perpetual and unobstructed having a minimum width of twenty (20) feet, have satisfactory access to the road, run parallel with the lot lines where practical, and be acceptable to the Kalamazoo County Drain Commissioner. a. Storm sewer design shall be based upon a five (5) year storm of twenty (20) minute duration with an impervious area of thirty (30) percent. B. Water and sewer: All transmission lines for water and sewer utilities shall be located within the street right-of-way. Where such transmission lines run between subdivisions, and or are extended from an existing subdivision or to a proposed subdivision, easements shall be located between and run parallel with property lines. Easements shall be unobstructed and shall be a minimum of twenty (20) feet in width, or ten (10) feet on each side of a property line. C. Gas, Wire and Cable Utilities: All lines for telephone, electrical, television, and other services distributed by wire or cable shall be placed underground throughout the subdivision. Required above ground servicing equipment of underground distribution lines is exempt from this requirement. This may include, but not be limited to, surface mounted transformers, power terminal pedestals, meters and meter boxes, street lights and street light poles. D. Easements for all underground utilities listed above in item c, shall be located within a ten (10) foot easement provided by the proprietor on each side of the street. Such easements shall be so located as to not interfere with the use of any lot or other part of the subdivision, and shall be perpetual easements located immediately adjacent to the street right-of-way. E. Lights shall be installed in all major residential subdivisions prior to occupancy of any structures within the proposed subdivision. Lighting for safety shall be provided at intersections and along walkways. Spacing standards shall be equal to five (5) times the height of the standard. Height shall not exceed the maximum building height allowed by zoning ordinance for the particular zone in which the plat is located, nor shall the height be less than twenty-five (25) feet. Lighting for subdivisions located in the agricultural or rural residential zoning categories may be waived by the governing body. 28 �I I - ARTICLE SEVEN SECTION 700.0 SUBDIVISION IMPROVEMENT CONSTRUCTION PLANS It shall be the responsibility of the subdivider of every proposed subdivision to have prepared by a registered Professional Engineer of this State, a complete set of as-built drawings including but not limited to profiles, cross sections, specifications other supporting data for all required improvements and other facilities as deemed required by the governing body. such as-built plans shall be based on the preliminary plans which have been approved with the preliminary plat, and shall be prepared in conjunction with the final plat. A. No grading, land filling, land removal, removal of trees or other vegetation, construction of improvements, or other material changes except for that which is required by any of the reviewing agencies for the purpose of aiding in their review of the preliminary plat, shall commence on the subject property until the proprietor has: 1. Received written notice from the governing body or its designee that the municipality has issued approval of the preliminary plat. 2. Deposited with the municipality a bond or other form of security required by this ordinance for the provision of improvements and inspections. 3. Received written approval of the submitted engineering plans for each improvement from the municipal engineer of each improvement to be installed prior to final plat approval. 701.0 REQUIRED IMPROVEMENTS Every subdivider proposing to make a major subdivision as defined herein shall be required to install the following public and other improvements. Where the rules of this ordinance are in conflict with those of any other agency, the rules of this ordinance shall prevail. All of the required improvements listed below are subject to financial guarantees of performance established in Section 500.0 of this ordinance. A. Monuments and lot irons shall be set in accordance with the State .Subdivision control Act and the rules promulgated by the State Department of Treasury. B. Streets and roads shall be constructed in accordance with the standards and specifications outlined in this ordinance and those rules promulgated by the C Name Appropriate Agency} having such responsibility £or approving streets and roads. c. Where required, curb and gutter shall be located along all streets within the plat in accordance with this ordinance and the rules promulgated by the municipal engineer or other municipal body or agency with responsibility for approving such. D. Installation of public utilities including but not limited to telephone, cable, water, and sewer, shall be installed underground and shall be installed in accordance with this ordinance, the Subdivision Control Act, and those rules promulgated by the Michigan Public Service Commission, as amended. 29 �E. Driveway openings and curb cuts as specified by the Michigan State Department of Transportation for state and federal roads, and the { Name Appropriate Agency), or if applicable the municipality having .. jurisdiction, for all other roads within the municipality. • Ii. F. storm Drainage: An adequate storm drainage system including the necessary storm sewers, drain inlets, manholes, culverts, bridges, and other appurtenances, shall be required in all subdivisions. These requirements shall conform to this ordinance and those standards required by the Kalamazoo County Drain Commissioner. G. Water supply systems and appurtenances shall be provided to each lot where public water is available or may be required by the governing body where public water supply is reasonably proximate or is planned to be installed. All construction shall conform to the specifications and standards of the municipal engineer. All easements and improvements for such systems shall be dedicated to the public for administration, operation, and maintenance. Individual wells shall be permitted where such public facilities not available, reasonably proximate, or planned, and shall conform to those installation requirements set forth by the Kalamazoo county Bureau of Environmental Health. H. Sanitary sewer systems and appurtenances shall be provided to each lot where sanitary sewer is available or may be required by the governing body where the sanitary sewer is reasonably proximate or is planned to be installed. All construction shall conform to the specifications and standards of the municipal engineer. All easements and improvements for such systems shall be dedicated to the public for administration, operation, and maintenance. Individual septic systems shall be permitted where such public facilities not available, reasonably proximate, or planned, and shall conform to those installation requirements set forth by the Kalamazoo County Bureau of Environmental Health. I. Where oversized facilities are required by the municipality, the proprietor shall be responsible only for his share of the costs associated with the proposed subdivision based upon some land measure, service area, population, or some other proportionate measure. The amount of proprietor responsibility and the means of allocating costs shall be agreed upon prior to final approval of the preliminary plat by the municipality. J. Where required, pedestrianways and bicycle pathways shall be constructed in accordance with the specifications provided by the municipal engineer. K. Public areas where provided shall be dedicated to the public prior to final plat approval by the governing body board. L. Where required, street lighting shall be located and installed by the proprietor along all roads in accordance with this ordinance. 30 �702.0 INSPECTION OF IMPROVEMENTS All improvements required by this ordinance shall be inspected by the municipal engineer, except for improvements made under the jurisdiction of other governmental agencies responsible for their own inspections. Where these inspections are made by other agencies, the municipal engineer shall obtain a report of final inspection from those agencies indicating that the required improvements have been completed. f A. It shall be the proprietors responsibility to notify the municipality or any other public agency responsible for inspections when an inspection is desired. a 1 • 11111 • Ill' · ~ ~ B. The proprietor shall bear the final responsibility for the installation and construction of all required improvements according to the provisions of this ordinance and to the standards and specifications of other public agencies. c. Approval of installation and construction shall not constitute acceptance by the municipality of any improvement for dedication purposes. o. The proprietor shall pay all inspection costs incurred by the municipality according to the schedules of fees adopted by the municipality for said inspections, by deposit to an escrow account held by the municipality for such purposes prior to final plat approval. Any funds not used by the municipality in its inspections shall be refunded to the proprietor when the subdivision, or phase thereof, is completed. The proprietor shall pay to the municipality an amount by which the cost of inspection exceeds the deposit fee. E. The proprietor shall be responsible for removal of all equipment, material, and general construction debris from the subdivision and from any lot, street, or public way or property therein or adjacent thereto. 31 �APPENDIX 32 �I I I I - Process for Preliminary Plat - Tentative Approval Subdivider meets with staff/ municipal officials/PC* to review official planning ' documents and procedures ....,_----i Subdivider prepares plat diagram containing all items in Sec. 402.0 ....,_----i Subdivider submits a complete application for subdivision approval to the Municipality Begin 60 day PC review period PC takes action on the plat, forwards recommendation to Governing Body i------i Public Hearing, with possible PC action. ~------1 PC schedules a public hearing, notifies property owners and publishes notice in paper Begin 30 day GB review period GB reviews comments from Public Hearing & PC GB takes action on the plat DENIED The plat is denied, GB issues reasons for denial and requirements for approval APPROVED Subdivider has one year approval of lot sizes, orientation, and street layout Subdivider is authorized to submit for final plat approval *Note: PC=Planning Commission, GB=Governing Body Governing Body must act upon the plat within 90 days of the submission date to the municipality �~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -Process for Preliminary Plat, Final Approval Section 410. 0 Waiver of Tentative Approval Subdivider meets with staff/ municipal officials/PC* to review zoning ordinance, official planning documents and procedures ---- Subdivider prepares plat diagram containing all items in Sec. 402.0 1.- Subdivider has received approvals from agencies in Sec. 407. 0 and has met requirements of Sec. 408.0 Begin 60 day PC review period I --------, Subdivider submits to Public Hearing, with PC schedules a public hearing possible PC action. ...,____. pursuant to Section 403.0 PC takes action on the plat, forwards recommendation to GB I i----i municipality for final approval of preliminary plat and waiver of Tentative Plat Approval Begin 30 day GB Review GB reviews PC recommendation, Public Hearing record and takes action on plat DENIED The plat is denied, GB issues reasons for denial and requirements for approval APPROVED Subdivider has two years to construct all public improvements, or provide security for completion pursuant to Article 5 Subdivider is authorized to submit for final plat approval *Note: PC=Planning Commission, GB=Governing Body Governing Body must act upon the plat within 90 days of the submission date to the municipality • • �I I I I I I - Process for Preliminary Plat - Final Approval Subdivider has received tentative preliminary plat approval from municipality Subdivider has received approvals from agencies in Sec. 407.0 and has met requirements of Sec. 4,08.0 Subdivider submits to municipality for final approval of preliminary plat Begin 20 day GB Review GB* reviews and takes action on plat DENIED The plat is denied, GB issues reasons for denial and requirements for approval APPROVED Subdivider has two years to construct all public improvements, or provide security for completion pursuant to Article 5 Subdivider is authorized to submit for final plat approval "'Note: PC=Planning Commission, GB=Goveming Body Governing Body must act upon the plat within 20 days of the submission date to the municipality �I Process for Final Plat Approval Subdivider has completed all public improvements and has providedallitemsinSec.411.0 Subdivider submits for final plat approval Begin 20 day GB review GB* reviews final plat for conformance GB acts upon final plat DENIED The plat is denied, GB issues reasons for denial and requirements for approval APPROVED Final plat is approved, clerk signs municipal certificate Clerk sends final plat to County Plat Board for approval *Note: PC=Planning Commission, GB=Goveming Body Governing Body must act upon the plat within 20 days of the submission date to the municipality �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 Responsibility Checklist for Model Subdivision Regulations Item Responsibility Tentative Preliminary Plat Approval Review of Official Planning Documents prior to subdivision design and layout Developer Initial information/process consultation with local planning/zoning/municipal officials Developer Preparation of Preliminary Plat drawing containing all items in Sec. 402.0 Developer Submission for Tentative Preliminary Plat approval Developer Transmittal to Planning Commission Municipality Public Hearing Municipality Tentative Preliminary Plat approval/denial by Planning Commission Municipality Transmittal to Governing Body Municipality Tentative Preliminary Plat approval/denial by Governing Body Municipality Letter of approval/denial sent to developer Municipality If approved, developer has a one year guarantee on lot arrangement, lot size, and street pattern layout. Developer is authorized to submit for final approval of the preliminary plat. Final Approval Preliminary Plat Tentative Preliminary Plat approval received from municipality Developer Contact and receive approval of preliminary plat from other review agencies listed in Sec. 407.0, and fulfill requirements of Sec. 408.0 Developer Submission for final preliminary plat approval Developer Transmittal to Governing Body Municipality Final Preliminary Plat approval/denial by Governing Body Municipality Letter of approval/denial sent to developer Municipality �If final plat is approved, developer has two years within which to complete all the required public improvements. once improvements are complete or security for improvements has been obtained, the developer is authorized to submit for final plat approval. Final Plat Approval Final preliminary plat approval is obtained from municipality Developer Public improvements are completed or security for completion is obtained Developer Preparation of Final Plat drawing with all items provided in Sec. 411.0 Developer Submission for Final Plat approval Developer Final Plat approval/denial by Governing Body Municipality Letter of approval/denial sent to developer Municipality Final plat certificate is signed by clerk Municipality Transmittal to county Plat Board Municipality The final plat is approved and lots within the Subdivision may now be sold . .... • � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Kalamazoo-County_Model-Subdivision-Ordinance_1992 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kalamazoo Metropolitan County Planning Commission, Kalamazoo County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1992-07 Title A name given to the resource Model Subdivision Ordinance Description An account of the resource The Model Subdivision Ordinance for Kalamazoo County was prepared by the Kalamazoo Metropolitan County Planning Commission in July 1992. Subject The topic of the resource Ordinances, municipal Kalamazoo County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/41168a6f56090bf8a2a781a360fc556c.pdf b9fd42b32c23271563233c8af31e1cd4 PDF Text Text FROM THE LIBRARY OF Planning & Zoning Center, Inc. Model Zoning Ordinance • Prepared for Use by the Cities, Townships and Villages of Kalamazoo County, Michigan Kalamazoo County Planning Commission Price $.50 �Kalamazoo County Planning Commission D. Gordon Knapp, Chairman Meredith Clark, Vice-Chairman F. Joseph Buckley Donald R. Hayward John E. Daley Arthur H. Lee Harvey Enzian Allan B. Milham Mrs. Robert H. Grekin Donald R. Phelps Charles C. Ranney Planning Committee of the Board of Supervisors Louis M. Mongreig, Chairman Robert J. Brown Merritt N. Harper Raymond L. Hightower Wendell C. Hoag John Plantefaber, Ex-Officio Planning Department Staff Bruce A. Watts, Director Ronald A. DeVries Hazel Bonnell Assistant Secretary December, 1962 �Introduction An increasing number of County and local officials, as well as landowners and developers, have been interested in establishing a common framework upon which all local zoning ordinances in Kalamazoo County could be based. At the present time many of the zoning ordinances in the County vary from one another in content as well as in method of presentation. In addition, it is recognized that many of the zoning ordinances are general in nature and do not cover numerous situations that exist or are about to take place. This model ordinance has been prepared with the intention of meeting all foreseeable needs and changing conditions which may come about within the near future. The method of approach and standards suggested in this text, with whatever modifications are appropriate at the local level will provide a sound up-to-date ordinance that can be used by all local governmental units throughout the County. In this way greater uniformity, with appropriate safeguards, can be established. It i!. to be und~rstood that this suggested ordinance is quite broad, and designed to cover a variety of situations. Therefore, it is improbable that every local unit of government will have use for the text in its entirety. However, it is obvious that where a number of local units use the same portions of the text, there will be greater uniformity. Therefore, increased use of this model ordinance will contribute toward the desired uniform zoning throughout the County. This model zoning ordinance was prepared by the Kalamazoo County Planning Department and subsequently approved by the Kalamazoo County Planning Commission on December 27, 1962. On February 19, 1963 the Kalamazoo County Board of Supervisors passed the following resolution: RESOLVED, that the Kalamazoo County Board of Supervisors approve the Model Zoning Ordinance that was prepared by the County Planning Commission for the purpose of improving the standards and uniformity of zoning throughout the County, through its use by Cities, Townships and Villages; and that the Board of Supervisors encourages the use of the Model Zoning Ordinance as a guide by the local governmental units throughout the County. �IND EX Sedion Page 1 Title ............................. ............................................ 1 2 Purpose .............. ........ ......... ................... ... . . .. . . .... ..... 1 3 Resolution .................................................................. 1 4 Definitions ............................................................... 2 5 Administration and Enforcement ................................ Administration ............... ....... ................................ Enforcement ... . . .. .............. ........................ ...... .... ... Violations ...................................... ....................... Penalties ............................................................... 5 5 5 5 Board of Appeals .................................................... Establishment of a Board of Appeals .................... Authority of the Board of Appeals ........................ Limitation of Authority of the Board of Appeals .... Application for Variances, Appeals or Special Exceptions ............................................ 6 6 6 General Provisions .................................................... Interpretation of Conflicting Provisions ................ Limitations on All Land and Structures .................... Limitations on Height ............................................ Limitations on Area .............................................. Building Permit to Erect or Alter Structures ............ Prior Building Permits ........................................... Certificate of Occupancy ........................................ Validity or Severability Clause .............................. Conflict with Other Lawe; ...................................... Boundaries of Zones .......... ....... ........................... 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.10 8.11 6 6 6 8 Zoning Districts and Zoning Map ................................ 8 Zoning Districts .................................................... 8 A-Agriculture District .... ........................................ 8 R-1 Residential District, Single Family .................. 9 R-2 Residential District, Single Family .................. 9 R-3 Residential District, Single & Two Family ........ 10 R-4 Residential District, Multiple Family .............. l 0 R-5 Residential District, High Density Multiple Family ........ .............. .......................... l 0 R-6 Mobile Home Park Dist rict ............................ 11 C-1 Commercial District, Local ............................ 11 C-2 Commercial District, General ........................ 12 C-3 Commercial District, Shopping Center ............ 12 (see other side) �8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 C-4 Commercial District, Highway ...................... 1-1 Industrial District, Restricted .......................... 1-2 Industrial District, Manufacturing .................. 1-3 Industrial District, Service ................................ 13 13 14 14 9 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 Supplementary Regulations ... .. ............ .... .. .. ...... ....... Parking of Motor Vehicles .................................... Signs & Outdoor Advertising Structures ................ Nonconforming Uses ........................................... Accessory Uses or Buildings ................................ Home Occupations ................................................ Screening .............................................................. Setback From Lakes, Ponds, Streams & Rivers ........ 15 15 16 17 17 17 18 18 9.8 9.8 l 9.82 9.83 9.84 Special Exceptions .................................................... 18 Special Exception, Explanation .......................... 18 Special Exception, Filing Request ...................... 18 Special Exception, General Provisions ................ 18 Special Exception, Special Provisions ................ 19 10 Amendment Procedures . . . .. .. .. . ............. ..................... 19 11 Effective Date of Ordinance ........................................ 19 12 Repeal of Prior Ordinance ........................................ 20 13 Schedule of Lot, Yard and Area Requirements .......... 21 14 Standards Required of Special Exception Uses ............ 25 15 Table of Uses ............................................................ 27 16 Suggested Zoning Map Screen and Color Guide ......... 31 • �Model Zoning Ordinance Section One • Title This ordinance shall be known and may be cited as "The Zoning Ordinance of ( __________ )." (name of m unlclpality) Section Two - Purpose In the interest of the public health, safety, and general welfare, the purpose of this zoning ordinance is to prevent the overcrowding of land and buildings, avoid undue concentration of population, provide adequate light and air with due consideration to the character of the zone and its peculiar suitability for particular uses, and with the objective of conserving the value of property and encouraging the most appropriate use of the land. Therefore, Section Three • Resolution Be it ordained by the ( (title or official body) pursuant to the provisions of the State of Michigan Act as amended, that the ordinance heretofore enacted as the zoning ordinance of ( _ _ ) (nn.tne ot municipality) is for; the establishment of zoning districts within which districts the use of land for agriculture, recreation, residence, industry, trade, soil conservation, water supply conservation and additional uses of land may be encouraged, regulated, or prohibited, and for such purposes may divide portions of ( __ ___ ) (name or municipality) into districts of such number, shape and area as may be deemed best suited to carry out the provisions of the Act; and to adopt within each district provisions designating and limiting the location, height, number of stories, size of dwellings, buildings, and structures that may hereafter be erected, or altered, including mobile homes, and the specific uses for which dwellings, buildings, and structures, including mobile homes, may hereafter be erected, or altered; and for the regulation of the area of yards, courts, and other open spaces and the sanitary, safety, and protective measures that shall be required for such dwellings, buildings, and for the designation of the maximum number of families which may be housed in buildings, dwellings, and structures, including mobile homes hereafter erected, or altered; to provide for a method of amending said ordinance; to provide for the repeal of the ( __ __) zoning ordinance (name or municipality) adopted on _ and approved by the electors on __ as subsequently amended; to provide for the administering of the ordinance; to provide for conflicts with other acts, ordinances, or regulations; to provide for the collection of fees for the furtherance of the purpose of this ordinance; to provide for petitions and public hearings; to provide for appeals and for the organization and procedure of the ( __ ·-· ) Board of (name of municipality) Appeals; and to providt for penalties for the violation of said ordinance. �Section Four - Definitions Words used in the present tense include future; words in the singular number include plural number; the word "shall" is mandatory. the purpose of these Regulations, certain terms words are defined as follows: the the for and Building Line: A line beyond which the foundation wall or any enclosed porch, vestibule or other portion of a building shall not project. Care Home: Accessory Uses: Includes rest and nursing homes, convalescent homes and boarding homes for the aged; established to render nursing care for chronic or convalescent patients but excludes facilities for care of active or violent patients such as feebleminded or mental patients, epileptics, alcoholics, senile psychotics or drug addicts . A use of a building, lot or portion thereof, which is customarily incidental and subordinate to the principal use of the main building or lot. Alley: A passage or way open to public travel affording generally a secondary means of vehicular access to abutting lots and not intended for general traffic circulation. Cellar: That portion of a building below the first floor joists at least half of whose clear ceiling height is below the level of the adjacent ground. Such a portion of a building shall not be used for habitation. Apartment House: A building used and/or arranged for rental occupancy, or cooperatively owned by its occupants, having three or more family units, and with a yard, compound, service, or utilities in common. District: An area within which certain uses of land and buildings are permitted and all others are prohibited; yards and other open spaces are required; lot areas, building height limits, and other requirements are established; all of the foregoing being identical for the district in which they apply . Basement: That portion of a building below the first floor joists, at least half of whose clear ceiling height is above the level of the adjacent ground. Dwelling: Boardinghouse: A building or portion thereof arranged or designed to provide living facilities for one ( 1) or more families. A dwelling in which lodging or meals, or both, are furnished to three (3) or more guests for compensation. • Dwelling, Single Family: Boat House: A building contain ing not more than one dwelling A house or shed for sheltering one or more boats. unit. Building: Dwelling, Semi-Detached: A structure havinq one or more stories and a roof, designed primarily for the shelter, support or enclosure of persons, animals or property of any kind. One of two buildings, arranged or designed as dwellings located on abutting lots; separated from each other by a party wall, without openings, extending from the cellar flwr to the highest point of the roof, along the dividing lot line; and separated from any other building or structure by space on all other sides. Building Accessory: A building subo1 dinate to, and located on, the same lot with a main building, the use of which is clearly incidental to that of the main building or to the use of the land, and which is not attached by any part of a common wall or common roof to the main building. Dwelling, Two Family: A building containing not more than two separate dwelling units. Building Height: The vertical distance measured from the average grade at the building to the average elevation of the roof of the highest story. 2 Dwelling, Multiple-Family: A building containing three or more dwelling units, (An apartment house). • �Dwelling Unit: A building or portion thereof arranged or designed for permanent occupancy by not more than one ( 1) family for living purposes and having cooking facilities. ed in function to retail sale of gasoline, oil, grease, anti-freeze, tires, batteries and automobile accessories, and such services such as lubrication, washing, polishing and other minor servicing to motor vehicles. Dump: Any premises used • primarily for disposal by abandonment, discarding, dumping, reduction, burial, incineration, or any other means and for whatever purpose of trash, refuse or waste material of any kind. Home Occupation: An occupation customarily engaged in by residents in their own dwelling, (See Sec. 9.5) Hospital: Any institution, including a sanitarium, which maintains and operates facilities for overnight care and treatment of two or more non-related persons as patients suffering mental or physical ailments, but not including any dispensary or first aid treatment facilities maintained by a commercial or industrial plant, educational institution, convent, or a convalescent home, as previously defined. Excavations, Commercial: The digging of soil, sand, gravel, rock, minerals, clay or other earthen material from a land surface for c.ny of the following purposes: When primarily for carrying on a business or manufacturing operation for the purpose of sale, exchange, processing or manufacture. Does not mean grading or filling incidental to improvement of the land. Hotel: A building occupied as a more or less temporary abiding place of individuals who are lodged with or without meals, in which as a rule the rooms are occupied singly for hire, in which provision is not made for cooking in any individual apartment, except for the management. Facilities and Services: Those facilities and services that are normally accepted as necessary for urban living such as paved streets, public and/or private water supply and sanitary sewer disposal, storm drainage system, schools, parks and playgrounds. • House Trailer: House trailer or mobile home means any vehicle or similar portable structure which was constructed with wheels so as to permit its being used as a duly licensable conveyance upon the public street, whether or not its wheels have been removed, and constructed to permit occupancy as a dwelling. Family: One or more persons living as a single, non-profit housekeeping unit as distinguished from individuals or groups occupying a hotel, club, fraternity or sorority house. The family shall be deemed to include necessary servants when servants share the common housekeeping facilities and services. Junk Yard: Any land or building used for commercial, storage and/or sale of paper, rags, scrap metals, other scrap or discarding materials, or for the dismantling, storage or salvaging of automobiles or other vehicles not in running condition, or of machinery or parts thereof, but not to be used as a dump . Farming: Agricultural activity or the raising of livestock or small animals as a source of income. Floor Area: The total enclosed floor area of a structure used for residential purposes, excluding the floor area of uninhabitable basements, cellars, garages, accessory buildings, attics, breezeways, and porches. For manfacturing, business or commercial activities which, in the case of the latter, includes customer facilities, showcase facilities, and sales facilities. lot: land occupied or to bP. occupied by a building and its accessory buildings, or by a dwelling group and its accessory buildings, together with such open spaces as are required under the provisions of this ordinance for a lot in the district in which such lot is situated, and having the required frontage on a street. Frontage: The length of the front property line of the lot, lots or tract of land abutting a public street, road or highway. Lot Area: The total horizontal area included within lot lines. Where the front lot line is the center line of a street or lies in part or in whole in the street area, the lot area shall not include that part of the lot in use or to be used as the street. Gasoline Service Station: Building or lot, or portions thereof, used and limit- 3 �Lot, Depth of: Shelter, Fall-out: The average horizontal distance between the front lot line and the rear lot line. A structure or portion of a structure intended to provide protection to human life during periods of danger to human life from nuclear fall-out, air raids, storms, or other emergencies. Fall-out shelters constructed completely below the ground level, except for a vent not ext eed ing 30" in height above ground level, may be contained within any yard area. lot, Front of: The side or sides of an interior or through lot which abuts a street; in a corner lot, the side or sides abutting either street may be considered as the front lot line provided that the side selected as the front has the required minimum lot frontage. • Shopping Center: A group of 5 or more commercial establishments planned, developed and managed as a unit, with off-street parking provided on the same property and related in location, size and type of shops in the center. Lot Frontage: That portion of a lot extending along a street line. In odd-shaped or triangular-shaped lots the length of the frontage may be reduced to not less than one-half ( ½) of any minimum frontage herein required and that the actual length of the street line shall be not less than 50 feet. Sign: Any structure, part thereof, or device attached thereto or painted or represented thereon or any ma1erial or thing, which displays numerals, letters, words, trademark or other representation used for di rection, or designation of any person, firm, organization, place, product, service, business, or industry which is located upon any land, on any building, in or upon a window, or indoors in such a manner as to attract attention from outside the building. Lot, Interior: A lot other than a corner lot. lot Width: The average horizcntal width measured at right angles to the lot depth . Sign Area: Mobile Home: The sign area is the surface of the structure used to convey the message exclusive of the necessary supports or any appurtenances required by the building code. The area of open sign structures, consisting of letters or symbols without a solid surface in-between, shall be calculated on the basis of the total area within the perimeter of the group of letters and / or symbols. The area of a double face sign, which is constructed back to back as a single unit, shall be calculated according to the surface area of one side only. (See 'House Trailer") Motel: A group of attached or detached dwellings not more than two (2) stories in height containing guest rooms which are provided for transient occupancy only, including auto courts, motor lodges and tourist homes. Non-Conforming Uses: The use .of a building or of land lawfully existing at the time this ordinance became effective but which does not conform with the present use regulations of the district in which it is located. Sign, Outdoor Advertising: A sign which calls attention to a business, commodity, service, entertainment, or other activity, conducted, sold, or offered elsewhere than on the premises upon which the sign is located. Nursing Home: (See "Care Home") Special Exception: That area required for the parking or storage of one automobile including necessary aisle or driveway space providing access thereto. The granting to a petitioner, by the Board of Appeals, certain uses of land and/or buildings, because of their particular nature and due to certain circumstances, to become established as provided in this ordinance, (See Sec. 9.8). Professional Office: Special Exception Uses: Rooms or buildings used for office purposes by members of any recognized profession, including doctors, dentists, lawyers, accountants, engineers, architects, etc. but not including medical or dental clinics. Uses of land and/or buildings, because of their particular nature and due to certain circumstances are designated as exceptions, and may be permitted to become established within those districts as specified in this ordinance, (See Sec. 9.8). Parking Space, Automobile: 4 • �Yard: Story: Open space on the same lot with a building or group of buildings, lying between the building and the nearest lot or street line, and unoccupied and unobstructed from the ground upward, except for plants, trees, shrubs, or fences. That portion of a building included between the surface of any floor and the surface of the floor next above it, or of the ceiling above it. A basement shall be counted as a story if its ceiling is over six feet above the average level of the finished ground surface adjoining the exterior walls of such story, or if it is used for business or dwelling purposes. Yard, Front: Open space extending across the full width of lot between the front lot line or the proposed front street line and the nearest line of the building or portion thereof. The depth of such yard shall be the shortest horizontal distance between the front lot line or proposed front street line and the nearest point of the building or any portion thereof. Street: A public dedicated right-of-way other than an alle:y, which provides primary access to abutting properties, and over which the public has easement of vehicular access. Structure: Anything constructed, assembled or erected, the use of which requires location on the ground or attachment to something having location on or in the ground, and shall include fences which are more than 50% solid, tanks, towers, advertising devices, bins, tents, lunch wagons, trailers, dining cars, camp cars or similar structures on wheels or other supports used for business or living purposes. The word "structure" shall not apply to wires and their supporting poles or frames of electrical or telephone utilities, or to service utilities entirely below the ground. Yard, Rear: Open space extending across the full width of lot between the rear line of the lot and the nearest line of the building, porch or projection thereof. The depth of such yard is the average horizontal distance between the rear lot line and the nearest point of the building. Yard, Side: Open space between side lot line, the side street line, or the proposed side street line, if such line falls within the lot, and the nearest line of the building, porch, or projection thereof, extending from the front yard to the rear yard or, in the absence of either of such yards, to the front lot line or rear lot line. The width of a side yard shall be the shortest distanre between the side lot line and the nearest point of the building, porch or projection thereof. Use: The principal purpofe for which a lot or the main building thereon is designed, arranged, or intended and for which it is, or may be used, occupied or maintained. Variance: The granting to a petitioner, by the Board of Appeals, permission to vary from the strict application of this ordinance as provided in Sec. 6.2b. Zone: ( See District) Section Five - Administration and Enforcement 5.1 - Administration: on in violation of any provision of this ordinance are declared to be a nuisance per se. Any and all buildings or land use activities considered possible violations of the provisions of this ordinance obs~rved by or communicated to Police and Fire Department employees or to any municipal official shall be reported to the zoning enforcement officer. The provisions of this ordinance shall be administered by such person or persons whom shall be designated by the municipal officials in accordance with the applicable State statute. 5.2 - Enforcement: The provisions of thi~ ordinance shall be enforced by such official as may be from time to time designated by resolution of the municipal officials. 5.3 b. The zoning enforcement officer shall inspect each alleged violation and shall order correction, in writing or by posting the premises, of all conditions found to be in violation of this ordinance. - Violations: a. Buildings erected, altered, moved, razed, or converted, or any use of land or premises carried c. An appeal may be taken to the Board of Appeals 5 �ful order of the zoning enforcement officer, Board of Appeals, or the municipal body issued in pursuance of this ordinance shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. Upon conviction thereof before any court having jurisdiction, he shall be punishable by a fine of not to exceed One Hundred ($100.00) Dollars, or by imprisonment not to exceed ninety (90) days, or both. Each day during which a violation continues shall be deemed a separate offense. The imposition of any sentence shall not exempt an offender from compliance with the provisions of this ordinance. The foregoing penalties shall not prohibit the municipality from seeking iniunctive relief against a violator, or such other appropriate relief as may be prohibited by law. by any person alleging error in any administrative order concerning the enforcement of this ordinance. d. All violations shall be promptly corrected after receipt of notifica1ion thereof by writing or by posti ng premises by the zoning enforcement officer. A violation not so corrected shall be reported to the municipal attorney who shall initiate prosecution procedures. 5.4 - Penalties: Any person, corporation or firm who violates, disobeys, omits, neglects or refuses to comply with any provision of this ordinance, or any permit, license or exception granted hereunder, or any law- Section Six • Board of Appeals 6.1 refusal of a permit or any other order, requirement, decision, or determination which conforms to the provisions of this ordinance and which, therefore, is not erroneous; nor to authorize the Board to validate, ratify, or legalize any violation of law or any of the regulations of this ordinance. Establishment of a Board of Appeals: There shall be a Board of Appeals as provided under the applicable State statute, which shall have such powers and duties i'IS prescribed by law. 6.2 - Authority of the Board of Appea!s: a. Hear and decide upon request, the interpretation of the provisions of this ordinance. b. Grant variances from the strict application of the zoning ordinance when by reason of exceptional narrowness, shallowness, shape or topography of specific parcels of property at the time of the original enactment of this ordinance or amendments thereto or where the strict application of these regulatio"s or amendments thereto would result in exceptional or undue hardship upon said property; provided that such relief or variances can be granted without substantial impairment of the intent, or purpose of this ordinance. This provision shall not be construed to permit the Board, under the guise of a variance, to change the uses of land. c. Hear and decide apeals where it is alleged by appellants that there is error in any refusal of building, use, or occupancy permit or in any other order, requirement, decision, or determination made by the building inspector, zoning enforcement officer, or other municipal employee when passing upon an application for a building or other permit, or by any other officer or body in the administration of the zoning ordinance. d. Hear and decide petitions for special exceptions. 6.3 b. The Board shall not amend any portion of this ordinance or the Zoning Map; nor shall such power or authority be vested in the Board. c. A decision of the Board permitting the erection or alteration of a building or other use of land shall be valid for a period of six (6) months, during which time a building permit for such erection or alteration must be obtained and the erection or alteration started. d. No application for a variance or special exception which has been denied wholly or in part by the Board shall be resubmitted for a period of one year from the date of the last denial, except on ground-; of newly discovered evidence or proof of changed conditions found upon inspection by the Board to be valid. 6.4 - Application for Variances, Appeals or Special Exceptions: a. Requests for variances, appeals or special exceptions may be made by submitting an application (or letter) to the municipal clerk. (Optional) A fee of ----Dol lars shall accompany the application to help defray cost of processing said application. b. A site plan, plot plan or development plan of the total property involved, showing the location of all abutting streets, the location of all existing and proposed structures, the types of buildings and their uses, shall be submitted with each request for a variance, appeal or special exception. - limitation of Authority of the Board of Appeals: a. Nothing contained in this chapter shall be deemed to authorize the Board to reverse or modify any 6 �Section Seven - General Provisions 7.1 inafter designated for the zone in which such building is located, except the height limitations of this ordinance shall not apply to church spires, belfries, cupolas, antennas, domes not used for human occupancy; nor to chimneys, ventilators, skylights, water tanks, silos, bulkheads, and necessary mechanical appurtenances usually carried above the roof level, except where in the opinion of the building inspector such may be deemed to interfere with aerial navigation or constitute a fire hazard . Such features, however, shall not exceed in total coverage 20% of the total roof area and shall not exceed a reasona"Jle height to be determined upon reference of all such cases to the Zoning Board of Appeals by the building inspector. - Interpretation of Conflicting Provisions: In this ordinance, words used in the present tense include the future; the singular number includes the plural number and plural, the singular; the word "shall" is mandatory and ~ot permissive, and the word "may" is permissive. Ir. interpreting and applying this ordinance, the requirements contained herein are declared to be the minimum requirements for the protection of health, morals, safety or welfare. This ordinance shall not be deemed to interfere with or abrogate or annul or otherwise affect in any manner whatsoever any ordinances, rules, regulations or permits, or by easements covenants, or other agreements between parties, provided, however, that where this ordinance imposes a greater restriction upon the use of buildings or premises or upon the height of buildings or larger open spaces than are imposed or required by other ordinances, rules, regulations, or permits, or by easements, covenants, or agreements between parties, the provisions of this ordinance shall prevail. Except as hereinafter provided, the following general regulations sha!I apply: 7.2 7.4 a. No building shall be erected, nor shall any existing building be altered, enlarged, moved, or re~ui!t, nor shall any open space surrounding any building be encroached upon or reduced in any manner, except in conformity with the yard, lot, area and building location regulations hereinafter designated for the zone in which such buildings or open space is located, except as otherwise specifically provided. - Limitations on All Land and Structures: a. No building shall be erected and no existing building shall be moved, altered, added to or enlarged nor shall any land or building be used, designed, or arran!=led to be used for any purpose or in any manner other than that included among the uses hereinafter listed as permitted in the zone in which such building or land is located. b. No_ Y?rd or other open space provided about any building for the purpose of complying with the provisions of this chapter shall be considered as a yard or open space for any other building. c. Any lot as defi!"led herein, which was legally recorded at the time of adoption of this ordinance and which was a buildable lot under the Zoning Ordinance in effect immediately prior to the adoption of this ordinance, shall be deemed a buildable lot even though it may have less than the minimum area requirements. b. Every building hereinafter erected shall be located on a lot as herein defined; and, except as herein provided, there shall be not more than one ( l ) single-family dwelling on one ( l ) lot. c. Every dwelling structure shall be built upon a lot with frontage upon a public street, except that any one lot of record created before the effective date of this ordinance without any frontage on a public street but provided with an easement or other right-of-way of no less than 20 feet wide, may be granted a building permit providing all other requirements of this ordinance can be met. 7.5 • Building Permit to Erect or Alter Structures: . No structure shall be erected, altered, or excavation started until a Building Permit for such erection or alteration shall have been issued. 7.6 d. The illumination of any buildings or uses of land shall be designed and operated so that the source of light shall not be directed upon adjacent properties or the public streets. In no event shall the illumination of a building or use of land be permitted to flood upon adjacent residential structures. 7.3 • Limitations on Area: • Prior Building Permits: Nothing in this ordinance shall prohibit the completion of construction and use of a nonconforming building for which a building permit has been issued prior to the effective doJte of this ordinance, PROVIDED that construction is ccmmenced within 90 days after the date of issuance of the permit; that construction is carried on diligently and without interruption for s continuous period so that the entire building shall be completed according to the plans filed with the permit application within two (2) years after the issuance of the building permit. - Limitations on Height: No building shall be erected, reconstructed, or structurally altered to exceed in height the limit here- 7 �7.7 any of the zones as shown on the Zoning Map, the following rules shall apply; - Certificate of Occupancy: a. It shall be unlawful to use or permit the use of any building or premises or part thereof hereafter created, located, erected, changed, converted or enlarged wholly or partly until a certificate of occupancy has been issued for that premises certifying that the structure or use complies with the provisions of this ordinance. S~ch ocupancy permits shall be granted or de~1ed within - - - days from the date that a written application is filed with the building inspector or zoning enforcement officer. a. Zone boundry lines are intended to be parallel or perpendicular to street, alley, or lot lines, unless such zone boundry lines are fixed by dimensions, as shown on said Zoning Map. b. Where zone boundaries are indicated as approximately following street or alley lines or proposed street lines, such lines shall be construed to be such boundaries. c. Where zone boundaries are so indicated that they approximately follow lot lines and are not more than 25 feet distant therefrom, such lot lines shall be such boundaries. d. In unsubdivided property or where a zone boundary divides a lot, the location of any such boundary, unless the same is indicated by dimensions shown on such maps, or described in the text of the ordinance, shall be determined by the use of the map scale shown thereon, and scaled to the nearest foot. e. If all or any portion of any public street, alley, right-of-way, easement or land which is not included in any zone shall ever revert to or come into private ownership or shall ever be used for any purpose other than a public purpose, said land shall be subject to all of these regulations which apply within the zone immediately adjacent thereto, or within the most restricted of the immediately adjacent zones, if there be more than one. b. The issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy shall not be construed as permitting any violation of this ordinance. 7.8 - Validitv or Severability Clause: Should any section, sub-section, clause or provision of this ordinance be declared by the courts to be invalid, such decision shall not affect the validity of the ordinance in its entirety or of any part thereof, other than that portion so declared to be invalid. 7.9 - Conflict With Other Laws: Whenever the requirements of this ordinance are at variance with the requirements of other lawfully adopted rules, regulations, or ordinances, the most restrictive, or that imposing the higher standards, shall govern. 7 .10 - Boundaries of Zones: Where uncertainty exists as to the boundaries of Section Eight - Zoning Districts and Zoning Map 8.1 a. - Zoning Districts: • b. The location and boundaries of the zones established in the municipality shall be shown on a map entitled Zoning Map of the municipality, and as same may be amended subsequent to the adoption thereof; and said map, section or portion thereof, together with all notations, dimensions and other data shown thereon, are hereby made a part of this ordinance to the same extent as if the information set forth on said map were fully described and incorporated herein. c. The official copy of the Zoning Map shall be in the custody of _________ For the purpose of this ordinance _ _ _ __ ____ ) is hereby divided into the following (name of municipality) zoning districts: A- Agriculture R-1 Residential, Single Family R-2 Residential, Single Family R-3 Residential, Single and Two Family R-4 Residential, Multiple-Family R-5 Residential, Multiple-Family, High Density R-6 Mobile Home Park C-1 Commercial, Local C-2 Commercial, General C-3 Commercial, Shopping Center C-4 Commercial, Highway 1-1 Industrial, Restricted 1-2 Industrial, Manufacturing 1-3 Industrial, Service 8.2 - A-Agriculture District: 8.21 - Descriotion of Distriet This district is composed of certain land in outlying areas presently of rural character. Such land is zoned for agricultural use with the intent that agriculture will be the principal land use within the forseeable future. The regulations for this district are designed to stabilize and protect the essential characteristics of 8 • �8.24 - Lot, Yard and Area Requirements: the district without unduly restricting its use solely to that of an agricultural nature. To these ends, development is limited to a low concentration and to those uses which would not be detrimental to future development. Except as elsewhere specified herein, the lot, yard and area requirements shall be as specified in Sec. 13. 8.3 - R-1 Residential District, Single Family: 8.31 - Description of District 8.22 - Permitted Uses: This district is composed of certain land in outlying areas presently of a rural residential character where low density single family residential development has occurred or appears likely to occur. The regulations for this district are designed to protect and stabil ize the essential characteristics of these areas and to promote and encourage a suitable and safe environment for family life. To these ends, development is restricted to low density single family residential use consistent with limited rural type facilities and services . a. Single family dwellings, and the accessory structures and uses normally auxiliary thereto, excluding house trailers used for habitation; except that nothing in this section shall prohibit the conversion or alteration of any single family structure, in existence at the time of passage of this ordinance, into not more than two separate dwelling units, provided that such dwelling units shall conform with the following provisions: l . That there shall be no change or alteration of the exterior of the dwelling to change its appearance from that of a single dwelling unit. 2. Any single family dwelling converted under the provisions of this section shall be required to have within the enclosed walls of the original structure a total of not less than 2,000 square feet of habitable floor area for two dwelling units. 3. There shall be a minimum habitable floor area of 800 square feet for each separate dwelling unit within any single family structure which has been converted to house two families. 4. The provisions of this section shall apply only to the conversion of single family dwellings and shall not be construed to permit the construction of two family dwellings. b. Any farm or agricultural activities including stock nurseries, animal and livestock raising . c. The sale of farm or dairy produce which has been raised on the farm from which it is to be sold. d. Home occupations. e . Publicly owned and operated buildings and uses including community buildings and public parks, playgrounds and other recreational areas. f. Signs, when in accordance with the provisions of Sec. 9 .2. g . Accessory uses or buildings, when in accordance with the provisions of Sec. 9.4 . 8.32 - Permitted Uses: a. Single family dwellings, and the accessory structures and uses normally auxil iary thereto, excluding house trailers used for habitation , as specified in Sec. 8.22a. of the A-Agriculture Zone. b. Home occupations. c. Publicly owned and operated buildings and uses including community buildings and public parks, playgrounds and other recreational areas. d . Signs, when in accordance with the provisions of Section 9.2 . e. Accessory uses or buildings, when in accordance with the provisions of Section 9.4. 8.33 - Special Exception Uses: a. Any special exception use permitted in the A- Agriculture Zone. 8.34 - Lot, Yard and Area Requirements: Except as elsewhere specified herein, the lot, yard and area requirements shall be as specified in Section 13 . 8.4 - R-2 Residential District, Single Family: 8.41 - Description of District This district is composed of medium density single family residential areas in the mun icipality where medium density single family residential development has occurred, or appears likely to occur. The regulations for this district are designed to protect and stabil ize the essential characteristics of these areas and to promote and encourage a suitable and safe environment for family life. To these ends, development is restricted to medium density single family residential use, where adequate facilities and services will be provided. 8.23 - Special Exception Uses: a. Churches, cemeteries, parochial and private schools. b. Eleemosynary, charitable and philanthropic institutions. c. Golf courses, private non-commercial clubs. d. Public utility buildings and structures necessary for the service of the community except that: l. There is no zoning restriction for utilities to be located in public streets or public rights- ofway. 2. Public utility activities of an industrial character such as repair and maintenance yards, storage facilities, or activities which generate electronic interference are prohibited. 8.42 - Permitted Uses: a. 9 Single family dwellings, and the accessory structtures and uses normally auxiliary thereto, ex- �eluding house trailers used for habitation. Home occupations. Publicly owned and operated buildings and uses including community buildings and public parks, playgrounds and other recreational areas. d. Signs, when in accordance with the provisions of Section 9.2. e. Accessory uses, or buildings, when in accordance with the provisions of Section 9.4. 8.6 b. c. 8.61 - Description of District This district is composed of certain areas within the municipality where multiple family residential development has occurred, or appears desirable to occur. The regulations for this district are designed to protect and stabilize the essential characteristics of these areas, and to promote and encourage a suitable and safe environment for family life. To these ends, development is restricted to multiple family residential use where adequate public facilities and services will be provided. 8.43 - Special Exception Uses: a. Any special exception use permitted in the A-Agriculture District. b. Care Home. c. Hospital or Medical Clinic, excluding veterinary hospitals. 8.62 - Permitted Uses: a. Two family, semidetached, dwellings and the accessory structures and uses normally auxiliary thereto, excluding house trailers used for habitation. b. Apartment houses, boarding houses, garden apartment development and the accessory structures and uses normally auxiliary thereto. c. Business offices in an apartment building for conducting business incidental to the rental, operation, service and maintenance of the apartment building, or buildings. d. Home occupations, limited to existing single family dwellings and to two family semidetached dwellings. e . Publicly owned and operated bu ildings and uses including community buildings and public parks, playgrounds and other recreational areas. f. Signs, in accordance with the provisions of Section 9.2. g. Accessory uses or buildings, in accordance with the provisions of Section 9.4. 8.44 - Lot, Yard and Area Requirements: Except as elsewhere specified herein, the lot, yard and area requirements shall be as specified in Sec. 13. 8.5 - R-4 Residential District, Multiple Family: - R-3 Residential District, Single and two Family: 8.51 - Description of District This district is composed of higher density single and two family residential areas in the municipality where high density single family or two family residential development has occurred, or appears likely to occur. The regulations for this district are designed to protect and stabilize the essential characteristics of these areas and to promote and encourage a suitable and safe environment for family life. To these ends, development is restricted to higher density single family and two fam ily residential use where adequate facilities and services will be provided. • 8.63 • Special Exception Uses: a. 8.52 - Permitted Uses: a. b. c. d. e. f. Single family dwellings, and the accessory structures and uses normally auxiliary thereto, excluding house trailers used for habitation. Two family dwellings. Home occupations. Publicly owned and operated buildings and uses including community buildings and publ ic parks, playgrounds and other recreational areas. Signs, when in accordance with the provisions of Section 9.2. Accessory uses, or buildings, when in accordance with the provisions of Section 9.4. Any special exception use permitted in the R-3 Res idential District. 8.64 - Lot, Yard and Area Requirements: Except as elsewhere specified herein, the lot, yard and area requirements shall be as specified in Section 13. 8.7 - R-5 Residential District, High Density Multiple Family: 8.71 - Description of District This district is composed of certain areas within the municipality where high density multiple family residential development has occurred, or appears desirable to occur. The regulations for this district are designed to protect and stabilize the essential characteristics of these areas, and to promote and encourage a suitable and safe environment for family life. To these ends, development is restricted to high density multiple family residential use where adequate public facilities and services will be provided. 8.53 - Special Exception Uses: a. Any special exception use permitted in the R-2 Residential District. b. Children's Day Nursery. 8.54 - lot, Yard and Area Requirements: Except as elsewhere specified herein, the lot, yard and area requ irements shall be as specified in Sec. 13. 10 • �a minimum width of 20 feet. Paved parking spaces for each mobile home site shall be provided in addition to the 20 foot service drive, either by the provision of additional parking lanes, or by parking spaces off the driveway. 8.72 - Permitted Uses: a. Any use permitted in the R-4 Multiple Family District. b . Signs, in accordance with the provisions of Section 9.2. c. Accessory uses or buildings, in accordance with the provisions of Section 9.4. 8.73 - Special Exception Uses: a. Any special exception use permitted in the R-3 Residential District. 8.74 - Lot, Yard and Area Requirements: Except as elsewhere specified herein, the lot, yard and area requirements shall be as specified in Section 13. 8.8 - R-6 Mobile Home Park District: 8.81 - Description of District This district is designed solely for mobile home parks and such accessory structures and uses normally associated thereto, in accordance with those regulations specified by the State of Michigan Trailer Coach Park Act 243, public acts of 1959, as amended, and in accordance with the area requirements specified herein. f. Sidewalks, not less than 30 inches wide, constructed of asphalt or concrete shall be provided extending between individual mobile home sites and the park service buildings. g. Interior drives and walkways shall be lighted at intervals of not more than 100 feet by electric lamps of not less than 100 watts each. h. Each mobile home site shall contain an area of not less than 2,000 square feet and have a width of not less than 30 feet. i. Each mobile home site shall be well drained and be provided with a concrete slab base for the storage of each mobile home. j. No mobile home within a park shall be within 35 feet of a residential district boundary. k. Where individual fuel oil tanks are used above ground level, they shall be placed on permanent masonry foundations of uniform design. 8.82 - Permitted Uses: Mobile home parks and those uses customarily incidental to the principal use. I. Site and development plans of new Mobile Home Parks or additions to existing parks shall be sub~itted to and approved by the municipal board, or ,ts authorized representatives, as such may be designa~ed from time to time by the board, and no Mobile Home Park shall be licensed or licensable unless the plans are _first approved by the municipal board, or its authorized representative. m. Every Mobile Home Park established within the mu_n!cipality_ shall be inspected periodically by an off1c1al designated by the municipal body. The trequency of said inspections, and any fees associated thereto, shall be determined by the municipal body. 8.83 - Regulations Required of Mobile Home Parks: a. Mobile homes used for habitation shall be confined to Mobile Home Parks, which are hereafter limited to Mobile Home Park Districts. b. Mobile Home Park Districts shall have frontage on a primary or major County street, or similarly adequate thoroughfare or a State trunkline. c. Mobile Home Park Districts shall not be less than 5 acres in size. d. The owner of every Mobile Home Park which lies immediately adjacent to a residential district shall provide a screening area separating said Park from the adjoining residential district. The screen shall be in the form of either a wall, fence, or evergreen planting which is compact and maintained in good condition at all times. The height of the screen shall not be less than 5 feet, except where the screen would interfere with traffic safety, in which case it may be reduced in height to, but not less than, 3 feet in height. Adequate landscaping shall also be provided, by the owner of the Mobile Home Park, within the front yard setback area between the mobile home sites and any public street so as to provide an attractive frontage upon said street. e. 8.84 - Lot, Yard and Area Requirements: Except as elsewhere specified herein, the lot, yard and area requirements shall be as specified in Section 13. 8.9 - C-1 Commercial District, Local: 8.91 - Description of District This district is designed solely for the convenience shopping ?f persons residing in the surrounding residential ~e,ghborhood . The regulations are designed to permit development of the enumerated functions as limited to protect the abutting and surrounding residential properties. 8.92 - Permitted Uses: Retail sales of goods and services such as: a. Bakery and dairy products, retail sales only All interior drives within a Mobile Home Park shall be paved with asphalt or a similar hard surface to 11 �b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. I. m. n. o. p. q. r. s. t. u. v. w. service facilities . The regulations are designed to permit development of the enumerated functions as limited to protect the abutting and surrounding properties. Banks, savings and loan associations Barber and beauty shops Books, stationery and newspapers Clothing and dry goods Drugs and pharmaceuticals Florist and garden shops Funeral establishments Furniture and household furnishings Groceries and food stuffs Hardware, hobby shop, household appliances Laundromat, laundry and dry cleaning pick-up station Music and dancing schools Offices, business or professional Photography store ., Radio and television, sales an~ service Restaurant or similar eating establishment Shoe sales and repair Signs when in accordance with the provisions of Section 9.2. Tailoring and dressmaking Variety store, antiques, gifts Accessory uses or buildings, when in accordance with the provisions of Section 9.4. Publicly owned and ope-rated buildings and uses including community buildings and public parks, playgrounds and other recreational areas. 8.102- Permitted Uses: a. Any uses permitted in the Cl-Local Commercial zone. b. Automobile repair garage. c. Automobile sales agency and adjoining outdoor sales area of new or used cars, provided that no dismantling of cars, or storage of dismantled cars shall take place outdoors. d. Boats and equipment sales. e .. Commercial recreation enterprises; indoors. f. Contractors' work shops. g. Greenhouse, nursery. h. Hotel, motel. i. Machinery and heavy equipment sales; indoors. j. Signs, when in accordance with the provisions of Se::tion 9.2. k. Accessory uses or buildings, when in accordance with the provisions of Section 9.4. 8. 103- Special Exception Uses: a. Animal hospital and kennel. b. Any general retail use similar to those uses permitted in this section. c. Bar, tavern and night club. d . Bus or truck terminal. e. Commercial recreation enterprises; outdoors. f. Earth removal, excavations; commercial. g . Gasoline service stations. h. Package liquor sales. i. Public utility buildings and structures necessary for the service of the community except that: 8.93 - Special Exception Uses: a. Any retail use similar to those uses permitted in this Section, which is not specifically mentioned in the C2, C3 and C4, Commercial zones. b. Gasoline service stations c. Package liquor sales d. Public utility buildings and structures necessary for the service of the community except that: l. There is no zoning restriction for utilities to be located in public streets or public rightsof-way. 2. Public utility activities of an industrial character such as repair and maintenance yards, storage facilities, or activities which generate electronic interference are prohibited. l. There is no zoning restriction for utilities to be located in public streets or public rights-ofway. 2. Public utility activities of an industrial character such as repair and maintenance yards, storage facilities, or activiti~s which generate electronic lnterference are prohibited. j. Riding stable, race track; commercial. k. Volunteer or municipal fire station. I. Used car lot. 8.94 - Lot, Yard and Area Requirements: Except as elsewhere specified herein, the lot, yard and area requirements shall be as specified in Section 13. 8.10 8.104- Lot, Yard and Area Requirements: Except as elsewhere specified herein, the lot, yard and area requirements shall be as specified in Section 13. - C-2 Commercial District, General: 8.101 - Description of District This district is established for the accommodation of community wide needs for general retail sales and 8.11 - C-3 Commercial District, Shopping Center: 12 �,. 8.111- Description of District 8. 123- Special Exception Uses: This district is designed solely to provide for integrated community, or regional shopping centers. The regulations are designed to permit development of the enumerated functions as limited by the standards designed to protect abutting and surrounding properties. a. Any special exception use permitted in the C-2 Commercial Distric.1. b. Automobile repair garage. c. Drive-in theatre. d. Mobile home sales. 8.124- Lot, Yard and Area Requirements: 8.112- Permitted Uses: Except as elsewhere specified herein, the lot, yard and area requirements shall be as specified in Section 13. a. Any uses permitted in C-1 Local Commercial Zone, when established as an integrated shopping center. b. Bowling alleys and commercial recreation enterprises such as dance halls, skating rinks; (indoors). c. Signs, when in accordance with the provisions of Section 9.2. d. Accessory uses or buildings, when in accordance with the provisions of Section 9.4. 8.13 - 1-1 Industrial District, Restricted: 8.131- Description of District This Restricted Industrial District is limited to large tracts located along State highways, major County thoroughfares and railroad rights-of-way and/or adjoining residential and/or commercial areas. These regulations are intended to provide standards of intensity of use and standards of external effects or amenities compatible with the surrounding or abutting residential districts. To these ends, development is limited to a low concentration, external effects are limited, and uses are limited to those industrial activities which can be operated in a clean and quiet manner and which will be least objectionable to adjoining residential districts. 8. 113- Special Exception Uses: a. Any special exception use permitted in the C-1 Commercial District. 8.114- Lot, Yard and Area Requirements: Except as elsewhere specified herein, the lot, yard and area requirements shall be as specified in Section 13. 8.132- Permitted Uses: a. b. Agriculture Assembly of merchandise such as electrical appliances, electronic or precision instruments, and articles of similar nature. c. Packaging of previously prepared materials. d. Printing, lithographic, blueprinting and similar uses. 8.12 - C-4 Commercial District, Highway: 8.121- Description of District This district is composed of certain land along State highways or major County thoroughfares to servie the residents of the community and for the convenience of those persons in transit and for the purpose of accommodating those commercial establishments which are of a similar nature in their service to the public e. Processing or compounding commodities such as drugs, cosmetics, pottery, plastics and food products. f. Signs, when in accordance with the provisions of Section 9 .2. 8.122- Permitted Uses: a. Automobile sales agency and adjoining outdoor sales area, provided that no dismantling of cars, or storage of dismantled cars shall take place outdoors. b. Boats and equipment. c. Commercial recreation enterprises. d. Drive-in eating establishments. e. Greenhouse and nursery. f. Motel. g. Restaurant. h. Signs, when in accordance with the provisions of Section 9.2. i. Publicly owned and operated buildings and uses including community buildings and public parks, playgrounds and other recreational areas. j. Accessory uses or buildings, when in accordance with the provisions of Section 9.4. g. Storage or warehousing of commodities such as hardware, packaged or fresh foods, clothing, drugs (except live fowl or animals, commercial explosives, or above or below ground bulk storage of flammable liquids, or gases, unless and only to the extent that such storage of liquids or gases is directly connected to energy or heating on the premises). h. Publicly owned and operated buildings and uses including community buildings and public parks, playgrounds and other recreational areas. i. Accessory uses or buildings, when in accordance with the provisions of Section 9.4. 8.133- Special Exception Uses: a. 13 Office buildings. I I �8.15 - 1-3 Industrial District, Service: 8.134- Lot, Yard and Area Requirements: a. Except as elsewhere specified herein, the lot, yard and area requirements shall be as specified in Section 13. b. 8.151- Description of District This district is composed of certain lands located along State highways, major County thoroughfares and railroad rights-of-way. The district is designed to provide land for activities of an industrial nature placing emphasis on the service type of industry as opposed to the manufacturing type of industry. Because of the nature of the district, it should be located so as to be least objectionable to adjoining commercial or residential uses. Each district shall contain at least 25 acres. 8. 14 - 1-2 Industrial District, Manufacturing: 8.141- Description of District This district is composed of certain lands located along State highways, major County thoroughfares and railroad rights-of-way. The district is designed to provide land for industries of a manufacturing nature where all work is carried on within an enclosed building producing little external effect of an objectionable nature to the surrounding properties. 8.152- Permitted Uses: a. Automobile repair garage. b. Construction and farm equipment sales. c. Contractor's equipment yard. d . Gasoline service station. e. Grain equipment and processing . f. Hardware and building supplies. g. Ice and cold storage plant. h. Lumber, fuel and feed yards. i. Machine shop. j. Public utility buildings and storage yards. k. Signs, when in accordance with the provisions of Section 9.2. I. Storage and warehousing. m. Truck terminal, maintenance and service yard. n. Publicly owned and operated buildings and uses including community buildings and public parks, playgrounds and other recreational areas. o. Accessory uses or buildings, when in accordance with the provisions of Section 9 .4. 8.142- Permitted Uses: a. Offices and office buildings. b. Manufacturing, compounding, assembling or treatment of articles, or merchandise, where all work is carried on within an enclosed building, and where any outdoor storage is limited to not more than 10% of the lot area, and is maintained within the rear yard area. c. Public utility buildings. d. Signs, when in accordance with the provisions of Section 9.2. e . Warehouses; fully enclosed. f. Publicly owned and operated buildings and uses including community buildings and public parks, playgrounds and other recreational areas. g. Accessory uses or buildings, when in accordance with the provisions of Section 9.4. 8.153- Special Exception Uses: a. Dump b. Earth removal, excavation; commercial. c. Gravel processing and quarrying . d. Junk yards, building material salvage yard . e. Ready-mix concrete and asphalt plants. f. Slaughter house. g. Any industrial use which meets the intent and purpose of this district which does not emanate noise, vibration, odor, smoke, liquid wastes, or light, to such an extent as to be objectionable to surrounding properties. 8.143- Special Exception Uses: Any industrial use which meets the intent and purpose of this district where all work is carried on within an enclosed building, and which does not emanate noise, vibration, odor, smoke, liquid wastes, or light to such an extent as to be objectionable to surrounding properties. A determination of the Board of Appeals established under State statute and this ordinance shall be conclusive on any question of nuisance or objectionableness of any business or operation under the terms of this section. A determination of the Board of Appeals established under State Statute and this ordinance shall be conclusive on any question of nuisance, or ob;ectionableness of any business or operation under the terms of this section. 8.144- Lot, Yard and Area Requirements: Except as elsewhere specified herein, the lot, yard and area requirements shall be as specified in Section 13. 8.154- Lot, Yard and Area Requirements: Except as elsewhere specified herein, the lot, yard and area requirements shall be as specified in Section 13. 14 �Section Nine - Supplementary Regulations 9.1 - Parking of Motor Vehicles: a. Every property owner shall provide and maintain at all times an adequate number of off-street parking spaces, and ' the necessary loading and unloading facilities associated thereto, in each district for all the occupants, employees and patrons of said property. b. A plan showing the required parking and loading spaces including the means of access and interior circulation, except for one family and two family dwellings, shall be provided at the time of application for a building permit for the erection or enlargement of any building. c. Parking space shall be provided in the manner and location herin specified. No parking area, parking space or loading space which exists at the time this ordinance becomes effective or which subsequent thereto is provided for the purpose of complying with the provisions of this ordinance shall thereafter be relinquished or reduced in any manner below the requirements established by this ordinance, unless additional parking area or space is provided sufficient for the purpose of complying with the provisions of this ordinance within three hundred (300) feet of the proposed or existing uses for which such parking will be available. l. 2. d. Parking of motor vehicles in residential zones, except those used for farming, shall be limited to passenger vehicles, and not more than one commercial vehicle of the light delivery type, not to exceed ¾ ton. The parking of any other type of commercial vehicle, or buses, except for those parked on school property, is prohibited in a residential zone. 5. Off-street parking facilities in non-residential zones shall be effectively screened on any side which adjoins or faces property in any residential zone by a wall, fence, or compact planting not less than 4 feet or more than 8 feet in height. Plantings shall be maintained in good condition and not encroach on adjoining property. Screening shall not be so placed or maintained as to provide a traffic hazard through obstruction of visibility. 6. All off-street parking areas th lt make it necessary for vehicles to back out directly into a public road are prohibited, provided that this prohibition shall not apply to off-street parking areas of one or two family dwellings. 7. Space for all necessary loading and unloading operations for any commercial, industrial or other use must be provided in addition to the required off-street parking space. All loading and unloading operations must be carried on entirely within the lot area of the use it serves and shall not interfere with pedestrian, or vehicular movement. 8. Requirements for the provision of parking facilities with respect to two (2) or more property uses of the same or different types, may be satisfied by the permanent allocation of the requisite number of spaces for e.ach use in a common parking facility, cooperatively established and operated, provided that the number of spaces designated is not less than the sum of individual requirements and provided further, that the specifications in regard to location, plan, etc. are complied with . 9. The number of parking spaces required for land or buildings used for two or more purposes, shall be the sum of the requirements for the various individual uses, computed in accordance with this section; parking facilities for one use shall not be considered as providing the required parking facilities for any other use. Minimum Required Parking Spaces: Requirements for all parking spaces and parking lots: l. 2. Each automobile parking space shall be not less than 180 square feet nor less than 9 feet wide exclusive of driveway and aisle space. e. All off-street parking facilities shall be drained so as to prevent damage to abutting properties or public streets and shall be constructed of materials which will have a dust free surface resistant to erosion. 3. Any lighting fixtures used to illuminate any offstreet parking area shall be so arranged as to reflect the light away from any adjoining residential lots. 4. No parking space shall be closer than 5 feet from the property line. 15 1. Apartment Houses - l ¼ parking space per family unit. 2. Office buildings - One parking space for each 200 square feet of floor space utilized for work space of employees . 3. Retail stores, super markets, department stores, personnel service shops, and shopping centers. One parking space for each l 00 square feet area in the basement and on the first floor used for retail sales, - and one space for each 150 square feet of floor area on the second floor use for retail sales, - and one space for �foot signs be permitted on one lot, parcel or tract advertised regardless of property area. d . Building contractors and professional persons temporary signs on buildings under construction shall be limited to a total area for all such signs to forty-eight ( 48) square feet. e. In any commercial or industrial district, a sign is permitted only where it advertises a business occupying the same lot or parcel of land upon which the sign is erected. Signs shall meet the building set-back and height requirements, except for, and in addition to, the requirements provided below. 1. In any commercial or industrial district a sign may be affixed flat against the wall of the building, or may project therefrom not more than forty-two (42) inches. Signs projecting over public property shall be at least eleven ( 11 ) feet above the finished grade, or sidewalk. The total sign area shall not exceed two (2) square feet for each foot in length or height of the wall to which it is affixed. No such sign shall extend more than four ( 4) feet in height above the building wall to which it is affixed. each 300 square feet of floor area on the third floor used for retail sales, - and one space for each 400 square feet on any additional floor used for retail sales. 4. Manufacturing Buildings - One parking space for each three employees on the maximum shift. 5. Libraries, museums and post offices - One parking space for each 100 square feet of floor area. 6. Bowling Alleys - Three parking spaces for each alley. 7. Motels and Tourist Homes - One parking space for each separate unit. 8. Theaters, auditoriums, stadiums and churches - one parking space for each four seats. 9. Dance Halls, Assembly Halls, and Convention Halls without fixed seats - one parking space for each 100 square feet of floor area if to be used for dancing or assembly. 10. Restaurants and night clubs - one parking space for each 100 square feet of floor area. 11. Schools; Private or Public elementary and junior high schools - one parking space for each employee normally engaged in or about the building or grounds. Senior high schools and institutions of higher learning - one parking space for each employee normally engaged in or about the building or grounds and one additional space for each five ( 5) students enrolled in the institution. 9 .2 • Signs and Outdoor Advertising Structures: In any residential zone, an incidental sign not exceeding one ( 1) square foot in area to advertise only home occupations or professional services; such sign may be attached to the building, or may be located on the property of such use, but may be no closer to the street than the building set back line. b. In any zone where agricultural use is permitted, an incidental sign advertising the sale of farm products grown on the premises, such sign shall not exceed 48 square feet in area and shall be so located that it will not interfere with the full view of traffic. c. In any zone, one temporary real estate sign not exceeding six (6) square feet in area for each lot, parcel or tract under twenty-five thousand (25,000) square feet in area. Such sign may be increased in size, or additional signs permitted for each additional twenty-five thousand (25,000) square feet of property advertised. No single sign shall exceed 250 square feet in area, and in no event shall more than two such 250 square 2. One identification sign may be erected for a shopping center or other integrated group of stores or commercial buildings. The area of said sign shall be based on one ( 1 ) square foot for each front foot of building, or buildings, for which it is established; however, it shall not exceed four-hundred (400) square feet in area, nor be closer to the front, side or rear property line, than one-half the distance of the required building set-back. 3. One identification sign may be erected for each separate commercial enterprise situated on an individual lot and operated under separate ownership from any adjoining commercial enterprise. Such sign shall not exceed 80 square feet in area, nor be closer to the front, side or rear property line, than one-half the distance of the required building set-back. 4. Outdoor advertising signs (billboards) are permitted only in commercial and industrial zones under the following conditions: a. Except as otherwise provided herein, signs and outdoor advertising structures are required to have the same set-back as other principal structures or buildings in the zone in which they are erected . b. Where two or more outdoor advertising structures are located along the frontage of a single street or highway they shall not be less than 500 feet apart. A double face, (back-to-back) or a Vtype structure shall be considered as a single structure. c. The total surface area, facing in the same direction, of any outdoor advertising structure shall not exceed 500 square feet. a. 16 �I' 9.3 5. No sign or outdoor advertising structure shall be erected at any location where by reason of the position, size, shape or color, it may interfere with, obstruct the view of, or be confused with any authorized traffic sign, signal, or device so as to interfere with, mislead or confuse traffic. 6. Signs of medical practitioners, commercial and industrial establishments and outdoor advertising structures may be illuminated; however, such illumination shall be concentrated upon the surface of the sign and the sign shall be so located and arranged as to avoid glare or reflection onto any portion of any adjacent highway, or into the path of oncoming vehicles, or onto any adjacent premises. 7. In no event shall any sign, or outdoor advertising structure, have flashing, or intermittent lights, or be permitted to rotate, or oscillate. 8. Signs of a public, or quasi-public nature noting special events of general interest such as a County Fair, public or general election, horse show, etc. shall not exceed 80 square feet in area except by special exception. Such sign shall be removed within ten ( 10) days after the event. ings, fences and other structures which are accessory to nonconforming uses not involving substantial buildings, shall be discontinued and the incidental structures removed within five years from the date of passage of this ordinance. All subsequent use of such land shall be in conformity with the provisions of this ordinance. 9.4 - Nonconforming Uses: The following regulations shall control nonconforming uses in existence at the time of passage of this ordinance. a. If the cost of repair or replacement of a nonconforming use or structure, which has been destroyed by reason of windstorm, fire, explosion or any act of God or the public enemy, exceeds 50% of the total replacement cost of the use or structure, such use or structure shall not be continued or rebuilt except in conformity with the provisions of this ordinance. b . Nonconforming uses or structures in existence at the time of passage of this ordinance shall not be extended, added to or altered unless such extension, alterations or additions are in conformity with the provisions of this ordinance. c. If the nonconforming use of any land or structure shall terminate its activity for a continuous period of time exceeding one year, such use shall not be re-established, and any future use of land and structure shall be in conformity with this ordinance. d. If a nonconforming use is changed to a permitted or more restrictive use in the district in which it is located, it shall not revert or be changed back to a nonconforming or less restrictive use. e. The lawful nonconforming use of land not involving substantial buildings, nonconforming advertising signs and structures which are not necessary to the permitted uses of substantial structures, and temporary, movable or makeshift build- • - Accessory Uses or Buildings: Any use which complies with all of the following conditions may be operated as an Accessory Use: a. Is clearly incidental and customary to and commonly associated with the operation of the Permitted Uses. b. Is operated and maintained under the same ownership and on the same lot or contiguous lot to the Permitted Uses. c. Does not include structures or structural features inconsistent with Permitted Uses. d. Does not include residential occupancy, except for living quarters for farm, domestic or other employees having employment on the premises. e. Accessory buildings, other than farm buildings, shall be located only in the rear yard. f. If an accessory use is carried on within the structure containing the Permitted Uses, the gross floor area within such structure utilized by Accessory Uses (except garages and off-street loading facilities) shall be not greater than; twenty (20) per cent of the gross floor area, but not to exceed three hundred (300) square feet, of a single unit dwelling; ten ( 10) per cent of the gross floor area of a structure containing any Permitted Uses other than a single un it dweITing. g . Fall-out shelters are permitted as accessor.y .JJS8$and structures in any district, subject to the yard and lot coverage regulations of the district. Such shelters may contain or be contained in other structures or may be constructed separately, and in addition to shelter use may be used for any accessory use permitted in the district, subject to the district regulations on such use . Fall-out shelters constructed completely below the ground level, except for a vent not exceeding 30" in height above ground level, may be contained within any yard area . 9.5 - Home Occupations: Any home occupation operated in a single dwelling unit may be operated only if it complies with all of the following conditions: a. Is operated in its entirety within the single dwelling and not in a garage or accessory building, and only by the person, or persons, maintaining a dwelling therein. b. Does not have any employees, or regular assistants not residing in the dwelling; except for offices of doctors, dentists or other similar practitioners . 17 �herein set forth, the determination of the Board of Appeals established under the statute and this Ordinance, shall be conclusive on such question. c. That the dwelling does not have any exterior evidence, other than a permitted sign, to indica,te that the building is being utilized for any purpose other than that of a dwelling. d . That the occupation conducted therein is clearly incidental and secondary to the residential use of the build ing. e. That no goods, or services are sold which are not produced by the immediate members of the family therein. f. Dancing or musical instrument instruction, restaurants, beauty and barber shops, and business or trade shall not be considered home occupations. g . Noise or other objectional characteristic incident thereto shall not be discernible beyond the boundaries of the lot. h. Does not utilize more than twenty (20) per cent of the gross floor area, but not to exceed three hundred (300) square feet, in the single unit dwelling. 9.6 9.8 9.81 - Special Exception, Explanation: In order to make this ordinance flexible to meet the needs of changing trends in development and new technology, the Board of Appeals is authorized to approve the establishment of special exception uses . In this way the ordinance does not become a rigid document that cannot be altered, but serves as a guideline upon which the Zoning Board of Appeals may make enlightened iudgments keeping development within the general philosophy of this ord inance. land and structure uses not specifically mentioned in the foregoing text or possessing unique characteristics may be designated as special uses and, as such, may be authorized by the issuance of a special exception with such conditions and safeguards attached as may be deemed necessary for the protection of the public welfare. Certain types of uses are required to secure a permit to allow them to be placed in one or more zones in which their uncontrolled occurrence might cause unsatisfactory results of one kind or another. A few uses, such as dumps and junk yards, are inherently so objectionable as to make extra regulations and controls advisable even in the zone to which they are permitted. Others, such as gasoline stations, taverns, must be located with discrimination in relation to their surroundings. All the items listed are proper uses of land, but have certain aspects wh ich call for special consideration of each proposal. Because under certain conditions they could be detrimental to the health, safety, or general welfare of the public, the uses listed as Special Exceptions are permitted in certain zones only if granted by the Board of Zoning Appeals. - Screening: Hereinafter every commercial or industrial use occupying land immediately adjacent to a residential district shall have a screening area separating the said commercial or industrial use from adjoining residential districts. The screen shall be in the form of either a wall, fence, or evergreen planting which is compact and maintained in good condition at all times. The height of the screen shall not be less than five feet, except where the screen would interfere with traffic safety, in which case it may be reduced in height to, but not less than, 3 ft. in height. U--: Setback from - Special Exceptions: Lakes, Ponds, Streams, Rivers: Any building constructed on a lot abutting a lake, pond, stream, or river shall be set back at least 100 ft. from the high-water line, except; 9.82 - Special Exception, Filing Request: a. Petitions for the grant of special exceptions shall be filed with the (City, Township or Village) Clerk on forms provided therefor. The petitioner shall submit plans and specifications or other data or exploratory material stating the methods by which he will comply with the conditions specified for each grant of special exception. At the time of filing his request for a grant of special exception, the petitioner shall pay to the Clerk the fee required to cover the cost of advertising and of sending notices and other miscellaneous expenses in connection with this petition. b. The Board shall review· the application and after a public hearing shall grant or refuse the special exception, and notify the petitioner and building inspector and/ or zoning enforcement officer. 1. Those buildings in existence at the time of passage of this ordinance. 2. Where the majority of the property abutting said water line within 500 ft. of a vacant lot has been built upon at the time of passing of this ordinance, the setback of any bu ilding hereafter erected on said vacant lot shall not be required to be greater than, nor shall it be less than, the average setback of the improved properties. 3. One story boat houses used exclusively for boating and bathing facilrties may be constructed at the high-water shore line, but not over the water, however docks, together with temporary boat shelters which are dismantled during the winter months, may be constructed out into the lake beyond the said high-water shore line not more than 50 feet from said shore line. ln the event of a controversy concerning the location of the high-water shore line for the purposes 9.83 • Special Exception, General Provisio'ls: In hearing a request for any special exception, the Board of Appeals shall be governed by the fol- 18 �• lowing principles and conditions: a. The applicant for a special exception shall have the burden of proof, which shall include the burden of going forward with the evidence and the burden of persuasion on all questions of fact which are to be determined by the Board. b. A special exception may be granted when the Board of Appeals finds from the evidence produced at the hearing that: 2. The proposed use will not affect adversely the health and safety of residents or workers in the area and will not be detrimental to the use or development of adjacent properties or the general neighborhood; and 3. The standards as may be set forth for a particular use for which a special exception may be granted, can and will be met by the applicant. 1. The proposed use does not affect adversely the General Plan for phyical development of (_____ _ _ _ _ ) as embodied in this 9 .84 - Specia l Exceptions, Special Provisions: The Board of Appeals may, and is hereby empowered to, add to the specific provi~ions enumerated herein, others that it may deem nec~ssary to protect adjacent properties, the general neighborhood, and the residents and workers therein. (na me of municipality) ordinance and in any Master Plan or portion thereof adopted by (_ _________ ); (nam e of munic ipality) and Section Ten - Amendment Procedures lowing: 1. The name and address of the owner of the land. 2. The street number, if any, or if none the location with respect to nearby public roads serving the land which is proposed to be reclassified. 10.1 - Amendment Procedures: a. Such regulations, restrictions, and boundaries established by this ordinance may from time to time be amended, supplemented, or repealed by the municipality as provided by the applicable State Statute. Requests for amendment of this ordinance may be made by any interested person or governmental agency by submitting an application for the proposed amendment, (or a letter) to the municipal Clerk. A fee, to be determined by the (municipal body), shall be charged to cover part of the cost of the necessary advertising for public hearing. If a Planning Commission has been duly established, which is a separate body from the municipal Zoning Board, the municipal Clerk shall, within five days after acceptance for filing an amendment to the zoning ordinance, transmit a copy of the application to the Commission. The Commission shall submit, prior to the public hearing, a written recommendation on the requested amendment to the Zoning Board, which shall be incorporated in the application file, otherwise approval of the Commission of such request shall be conclusively presumed. b. In case of a text amendment, the applicant shall submit, in writing, the proposed text to be added and/or the existing text to be deleted. c. In case of a map amendment, the applicant shall submit a written statement specifying the fol- 3. A description by metes and bounds, courses and distances of the land, or if the boundaries conform to lot boundaries within a subdivision for which a plat is recorded in the Land Records of Kalamazoo County, then a lot, blo.ck, and subdivision designation with appropriate plat reference. 4. An identification plat prepared by a civil engineer, surveyor, or other competent person, and certified thereon by him to be correct and in conformity with this section, showing the land proposed to be re-classified, or if the boundaries conform to lot boundaries within a subdivision for which a plat is recorded among the Land Records of Kalamazoo County, then a copy of such plat, the land proposed to be re-classified appearing in a color distinctive from that of other land shown on the plat. 5. The area of the land proposed to be re-classified, stated in square feet if less than one ( 1 ) acre and in acres if one ( 1) acre or more. 6. The present classification and the classification proposed for such land. Section Eleven - Effective Date Of Ordinance • following passage ________ _ of Kalamazoo County Michigan . This ordinance shall become effective when a true copy of the same is first published in its entirety 19 �Section Twelve - Repeal Of Prior Ordinance and all amendments thereof are hereby repealed effective coincident with the effective date of the adoption of this ordinance. The zoning ordinance adopted by 20 �, • ) Section Thirteen - Schedule of Lot, Yard and Area Requirements Principal Structure MIN. LOT FRONTAGE, LOT WIDTH (FEET) Single Family ____________ Two-Family ________ Multiple Family MIN. LOT AREA PER DWELLING UNIT (Sq. Feet) Single Family ___________ Two-Family ___________________________ Multiple Family ____________ Multiple Family ____ MIN . FRONT YARD SETBACK MIN. SIDE YARD 2/ (FEET) MIN . REAR YARD (FEET) 1/ (FEET) R-1 R-2 R-3 R-4 200 200 -- 125 150 100 75 100 70 80 100 60 70 75 30 40,000 40,000 20,000 15,000 15,000 8,000 5,000 35 15 35 20 35 25 8,000 5,000 1,000 75 35 2,000 35 10 8,000 5,000 2,000 50 30 1,200 800 1,200 800 1,000 1,000 700 50 20 50 40 15 40 35 10 35 35 10 30 5 5 15 5 5 15 10 5 5 15 15 5 5 15 20 -- -- -- -- MAX. BUILDING OR STRUCTURE HEIGHT (FEET) MAX . BUILDING COVERAGE OF LOT (%) MIN. FLOOR AREA PER DWELLING UNIT (Sq . Feet) Single Family ______________________ Two-Family ___________________ t,) A --- ---- 800 700 600 30 3 / R-5 R-6 25 30 30 5 / 800 700 500 30 3 / 10 4 / 30 6/ 35 10 5 5 5 15 25 5 5 15 25 25 25 15 20 l O 4/ Accessory Buildings MIN. BUILDING SETBACK (SEE Sec. 9.4e.) MIN . SIDE YARD 2/ (FEET) MIN. REAR YARD (FEET) MAX. BUILDING HEIGHT (FEET) MAX. BUILDING COVERAGE (% OF REAR YARD) NOTE : 5 The figures used above have been selected as a basis upon which further refinements can be made. (See other side) �;1 2/ 3/ for major county streets; (2) - 120' right-of- way for state trunklines; ( 3) - 300' right-of-way for expressways. Where the majority of the frontage along one side of a street within 500 feet of a vacant lot has been built upon at the time of passage of this ordinance, any building hereafter erected on said vacant lot shall not be less than the average setback of the improved frontage. The minimum distance between multiple family buildings within a single project area shall be as follows: On corner lots, the width of the side yard adjacent to the side street shall be equal to the front yard setback of the lot adjoining the rear of said corner lot. When the lot adjoining said corner lot along the rear line, does not front on the side street of the corner lot, the side yard shall not be less than 2/3 the front yard setback required for that district. Or equal the height of the building whichever is greater. 4/ Or 1/2 the height of the building whichever is greater. 6/ Or 3/4 the height of the building whichever is greater. Where property is contiguous to an existing or an officially proposed major county street, state trunkline or expressway, the minimum front, side or rear yard contiguous thereto shall be increased in depth so as to permit a: ( 1 ) - 100' right-of-way 22 l. Where buildings are front to front or front to rear; two (2) times the height of the taller building but not less than fifty (50) feet. 2. Where buildings are side to side, if there are no windows on the side walls; a distance equal to the height of the taller building but not less than twenty (20) feet. 3. Where buildings are front to side or rear to side, if there are no windows on the side walls, one and one-half ( 1 ½) times the height of the taller building but not less than thirty (30) feet. 4. Where buildings are rear to rear and side to side with windows on the side walls; one and one-half ( 1 ½) times the height of the taller building but not less than forty (40) feet. 5. When a roadway is located between two (2) buildings, the width of the roadway shall be in addition to the above minimum distance between buildings. �- ) Section Thirteen • Schedule of Lot, Yard and Area Requirements C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4 1-1 1-2 1-3 MIN . LOT FRONTAGE, LOT WIDTH (FEET) None None 200 150 300 150 150 MIN . LOT AREA (SQ. FT. ) None None Principal Structure ·- · -··MAX. BLDG. OR STRUCTURE HEIGHT (FEET) MAX . BLDG. COVERAGE OF LOT (%) MIN . FRONT YARD SETBACK MIN . SIDE YARD 2/ MIN . REAR YARD (FEET) 1/ ------------- ·-·------· 20,000 50,00C 35 100 100 20 30 20 30 30 10 10 50 50 100 50 50 _ None None 25 25 50 25 25 None None 25 25 50 25 25 _____ None None 25 10 25 15 15 None None 25 10 25 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 - 35 3/ 35 50,000 200,000 35 - (FEET) 40,000 3/ 3/ 35 3/ 35 3/ 35 3 / Is) w Accessory Buildings MIN . BLDG. SETBACK (SEE SEC. 9.4 e.) MIN . SIDE YARD 2/ MIN . REAR YARD (FEET) ·-- (FEET) ---·--··--- --- MAX. BLDG. HEIGHT (FEET) _____ MAX. COVERAGE (% OF LOT) - --- ---- Nole: The figures used above have been selected as a basis upon which further refinements can be made . (see other side) �1/ Where the maiority of the frontage along one side of a street within 500 feet of a vacant lot has been built upon at the time of passage of this ordinance, any building hereafter erected on said vacant lot shall not be less than the average setback of the improved frontage. 2/ On corner lots, the width of the side yard adjacent to the side street shall be equal to the front yard setback of the lot adjoining the rear of said corner lot. When the lot adjoining said corner lot along the rear line, does not front on the side street of the corner lot, the side yard shall not be less than 2/ 3 the front yard setback required for that district. district as specified above, or a minimum of 25 feet whichever is greater; and said use or activity shall be effectively screened by compact evergreens, fence or wall, from any adiacent residential district. Where property is contiguous to an existing or an officially proposed major county street, state trunkline or expressway, the minimum front, side or rear yard contiguous thereto shall be increased in depth so as to permit a: ( 1) - 100' right-of-way for major county streets; (2) - 120' right-of-way for state trunklines; (3) - 300' right-of-way for expressways. 3/ The setback or yard area of any commercial or industrial use, or activity associated thereto, maintained on a parcel of land adjacent to a residential district shall be two times that required within the 24 Unless that portion of the building extending beyond 35 feet in height is setback from each lot line one additional foot, beyond the minimum requirement, for each foot in height above 35 feet. �• Section Fourteen - Standards Required of Special Exception Uses is necessary to protect adjacent properties, the general neighborhood and the residents and workers therein. Special Exception uses shall comply with all of the standards as specified herein. The Board of Appeals may add to the standards as provided where it Special Exception Use Minimum Required Standards* An imal hospital & kennel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ________________________________ _ Asphalt & concrete ready-mix plant ___________________________ Automobile repair garage _____ _ ___ _________________________ _ Bar, tavern & night club ___________ ____ _ _ _ _ _ _______________________________ _ 2,4,5e 2,4,5f 2,4,5d,8 2,4,5e Bus or truck terminal _ _ _ - - - - -------------------------------------- 2,4,5e Care home __ _________ ____ ______ _ ______ . ___ ---------------- __ _ ____________ _ 3,5a 2,3,5a Cemetery _ Church _ 1,5b --- --------- - - Club, private non-commercial _____ . __ _ ____________________________________ Drive-in theater __ _ ______________ _ _________________________ Dump _ _____________ . _ _ _ _ _________ ____________________________________ Earth removal, excavations commercial ____ _ _______________________________ Gasoline service station _____ _ _____________ Golf courses ___ _____ _____________________ Gravel processing & quarrying _ _ _ ___ _ __ ___ _ Hospital _ _ . ________ -------------------------------__________ . ________ _______________ 1,4,5b 2,5f,9 2,5f,9 2,5e 2,4,5d,7 2,3,5d 2,4,5f 2,3,5c Institutions, charitable, eleemosynary, philanthropic ------------------------------Junk yards, building material salvage yard ------------------------------ _ Kennel ___________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ------------------· ___________________ Liquor, package sale _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ----------------------------Medical clinic _ __________ ----------------------------------------Mobile home sales ____ _ _ _ _ ______ _______________ ______ _______ ___________ Nursery, childrens _ _ ____ ____ _______ -----------------------------------Offices & office buildings __ _ ____________ _ _ _ _ ____ _________________ l ,3,5c 2,4,5f,9 2,4,5e 5d l ,4,5a 2,4,5e 1,4,5a 2,4,5a Public utility buildings & structures _________________________________________ l ,4,5a,9 Quarrying __ _ _ __ __ __ _______________________________________ 2,4,5f Recreation, commercial; outdoors __ ______ _ ______________________________ _ 2,4,5e Riding stable; race track; commercial ______________________ -------------------------------- _ 2,4,5f School, parochial and private _______________________________ ____________________ 1,5b Slaughter house ______________________ _ _________________ _ 2,4,5f Truck terminal ________ _________ _______________ _____________________________________ _ 2,4,5e Used car lot __ ----------------------------------- ____________________________ _ 2,4,5e,8 Volunteer or municipal fire station ______________ ________ __ ____ _ _____ _ ______ _ 2,4,5e • * The minimum required standards enumerated below are referred to by the numbers following each special exception use. 1. The use shall have frontage on an existing or officially proposed road having a Primary or greater classification. 2. The use shall have frontage on an existing or officially proposed road having a Major or greater road classification . 3. The use shall have off street parking facilities to satisfy average parking needs. 4. The use shall have off street parking fac:l ities to satisfy peak parking needs. 5. Buildings and activities shall not be closer than the specified number of feet to ad jacent residential properties. a b c d e f 6. 25 - 25 50 100 200 500 1000 feet feet feet feet feet feet Public utility buildings shall, whenever practicable, have an exterior appearance similar to those buildings in the immediate area. The public utility buildings and structures shall have suitable landscaping, screen planting and fencing whenever deemed �mitted outside of a closed structure. necessary by the Board of Appeals. 7. Gasoline pumps or other service appliances shall be set back at least 20 feet from the lot line. 8. No major repairs or dismanteling shall be per- 9. 26 The use shall be enclosed by a solid wall or compact screening of suitable material as determined by the Board of Appeals and shall not be less than 6 feet in height. �- Section Fifteen - Table of Uses X - Permitted Uses S. E. - Special Exception Uses USE A-1 R-1 R-2 R-3 R-4 R-5 R-6 C-1 C-2 S.E. Animal hospital and kennel X Apartment houses _ Appliances, household Asphalt and concrete, Ready-mix plants X S.E. - I X 1-2 I I X I I : X X X X X X I S.E. S.E. S.E. S.E. X X X X I X X I X X S.E. S.E. S.E. S.E. S.E. S.E. S.E. S.E. S.E. S.E. X I I X S.E. S.E. S.E. -- S.E. X S.E. X X I Care Home S.E. X I Bowling Alleys Bus or truck terminal I X I I X Clothing and dry goods X Clubs, private non-commercial X Construction and farm equipment sales X - Contractor's equipment yard --Contractor's work shops ~ 1-3 S.E. I Boats and equipment sales Books, stationery and newspapers Cemeteries Churches 1-1 I ~ s , savings and loan associations Bar and Tavern Barber and beauty shop " X C-4 ! I Automobile repair garage Automobile Sales room and adjoining outdoor sales area -Bakery, retail sales only "' C-3 products, retail sales only Drive-in eating establishments Drive-in theatre X Drugs and pharmaceuticals X X X X --- X -- X l X X X S.E. - I X X X �USE A-1 R-1 R-2 R-3 R-4 R-5 Dry cleaners, pickup station R-6 C-1 C-2 C-3 X X X C-4 1-1 Earth removal, excavations; commercial S.E. S.E. S.E. X Farm equipment, sales X X Florist and garden shop X X X Funeral establishments X X X Furniture and household furnishings X X X Garden shop X X X S.E. S.E. S.E. X X X Gasoline service stations Gift shop Golf courses S.E. S.E. S.E. S.E. S.E. S.E. 00 X Gravel processing and quarrying S.E. Greenhouse and nursery X X Groceries and foodstuffs X X X Hardware and building supplies X X X Hobby shop X X X Home occupations X X Hospital X X X X S.E. S.E. S.E. S.E. Hotel X X Ice and cold storage plant Institutions, charitable, eleemosynary, philanthropic S.E. X S.E. S.E. S.E. S.E. S.E. Junk yards, building material salvage yards S.E. Kennel Laundromat, laundry and dry cleaning pickup station Liquor, package sales X S.E. Grain equipment and processing "-> 1-3 S.E. Dump Farming or agriculture 1-2 S.E. S.E. X X X S.E. S.E. S.E. S.E. �USE • ) A-1 R-1 R-2 R-3 R-4 R-5 R-6 C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4 1-2 1-1 X Lumber, fuel and feed yards 1 Mach ine shop Manufacturing; indoors S.E. Medical cl inic S.E. I S.E. S.E. X Mobile home parks X Night club I S.E. Nursery, childrens S.E. 7 - S.E. Offices and office buildings i Outdoor advertising signs (billboards) I Photography store X S.E. - X ~ X X X X X X X X X X X X X ,--- X Printing, lithographic, blueprinting and similar uses X X X X X S.E. S.E. S.E. S.E. S.E. I X X S.E. X X X X S.E. S.E. S.E. S.E. X Radio and television, sales and service Recreation, commercial; indoors Recreation, commercial; outdoors X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X l-- Restaurant Retail, commercial uses, as provided in the ordinance Riding stable, race track; commercial S.E. S.E. X X X X X I X X S.E. X S.E. ' Residential, two family Schools, parochial and private S.E. S.E. Quarrying Residential, multiple family Residential, single family X X X Nursery, greenhouse Offices, business and professional I X X Mus ic and dancing schools Public utility buildings X S.E. Motel Publicly owned and operated buildings and uses X - I Mobile home sales ,0 X X Machinery and heavy equipment sales; indoors ,..:, 1-3 S.E. S.E. S.E. X X X X S.E. S.E. S.E. S.E. S.E. S.E. - �USE Shoe sales and repair A-1 R-1 R-2 R-3 R-4 R-5 R-6 C-1 C-2 C-3 X X X C-4 1-1 1-2 S.E. Slaughter house Stationery supplies X X X Storage and warehousing Tailoring and dressmaking X X X S.E. S.E. Used car lot S.E. S.E. Volunteer or municipal fire station X X S.E. X S.E. c.> Any uses not designated as either a permitted or special exception use in one or more of the above districts, are prohibited, unless they are granted a special exception by the Board of Appeals as provided in this Zoning Ordinance. Note: X X Warehouses; fully enclosed 0 X X Truck terminal Variety store, antiques, gifts 1-3 X X X �• - Section Sixteen Suggested Zoning Map Screen and Color Guide District Screen • A- Agriculture D R- 1 Residential CJlillJ R- 2 Residential R- 3 Residential R- 4 Residential R- 5 Residential - R- 6 Residential C- 1 Commercial C- 2 Commercial C- 3 Commercial C- 4 Commercial 1- 1 Industrial ---~ 11 ~~7~•!•.~ t-~:~ 'l;,'~ hly_:, </ji:lt!'.l• 1if!•,]P.~~-;."~ Pattern Number * Color Pencil Number** Z-444 RP 25 Green 913 BP 3 Yellow 915 BP 29 Yellow 915 BP 18 Yellow 915 BP 35 Yellow 915 BP 28 Yellow 915 BP 109 Yellow 915 BP 34 Red 923 BP 62 Red 923 BP 77 Red 923 BP 83 Red 923 BP 25 Gray 937 BP 52 Gray 937 BP 170 Gray 937 .\~:~-.:. ~~~"::f., 1- 2 Industrial l,Zf-:'0,~\{.=, ~.1:(. ,. ....~ ~l9,, .. , ~,Lr,~1-:ri '> 1- 3 Industrial " .6-J• .,,~, ...."·,.~ ..~J.T,~,j., +;~A';,1:•~•1:••-. ~·.·!·•.•.~~-,.4:! J * Zip-A-Tone or Blue-Zip ** Prismacolor pencils 31 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Kalamazoo-County_Model-Zoning-Ordinance_1962 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kalamazoo County Planning Department, Kalamazoo County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962-12 Title A name given to the resource Model Zoning Ordinance Description An account of the resource The Model Zoning Ordinance for Kalamazoo County was prepared by the Kalamazoo County Planning Department in December 1962. Subject The topic of the resource Zoning--Michigan Kalamazoo County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/af74de5c30671affcb16f5b1666858bc.pdf f438cfde2925327d9c1843a529989a94 PDF Text Text Young Lords In Lincoln Park Interviewee: Modesto Rivera Interviewers: Jose “Cha Cha” Jimenez Location: Grand Valley State University Special Collections Date: 2/7/2012 Biography and Description English Modesto Rivera is a Young Lord raised in the La Clark neighborhood, Lincoln Park, and with the Hillbillies of Chicago’s Uptown. His father and uncle, Mario Rivera, were among the first Puerto Rican business owners in the city, operating a grocery store at 733 North Clark Street and advertising on the local, Mexican radio station. In this interview, Mr. Rivera recalls how his uncle was especially well-known because he would give credit on a trust basis to Puerto Rican families, who treated him like the mayor. His uncle did not like Mayor Daley because “every time he would settle down, the neighborhood was forced to move and he was forced to move as well.” Mr. Rivera is a strong community organizer and door-to-door precinct worker. He has worked in many political campaigns, including the Jiménez for Alderman Campaign (1973-1975), Helen Schiller’s Aldermanic Campaign, and the Harold Washington Campaign. During the Washington Campaign, Mr. Rivera worked alongside David Mojica and José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez, and participated in organizing the first Latino rally held by the Young Lords, in support of electing the first African American mayor in Chicago’s history. Mr. Rivera also worked for the City of Chicago and continues to be active in his community. �Spanish Modesto Rivera es un Young Lord que creció en el vecindario de La Clark en Lincoln Park con los Hillbillies de Chicagos Uptown. Su Padre y tío, Mario Rivera, fueron unos de los primeros Puertorriqueños que era dueño de su propio negocio. Su mercado estaba en 733 North Clark Street y tenia anuncios en la estación mexicana del radio. Durante este entrevista Señor Rivera hable sobre su tío quien fue conocido porque daba crédito en el base de confianza de la familias Puertorriqueñas, quien a cambio lo trataban como alcalde. No le gustaba al Alcalde Daley a su tío porque “cada vez que él se mudaba el vecindario tenia que moverse y él también se tenía que mover.” Señor Rivera es un dedicado organizador para la comunidad y camina de puerta a puerta como trabajador de recinto. El trabajo en muchas campañas políticas, incluyendo la de Jiménez para Alderman (1973-1975), la de Helen Schiller Alderman, y la campaña para Harold Washington. Durante la campaña de Washington, Señor Rivera trabajo con David Mojica y Jose “Cha-Cha” Jimenez y tomo parte en organizar la primer concentración de Latinos por los Young Lords, en apoyo de elegir el primer alcalde Afro-Americano en Chicago. Señor Rivera también trabajo por la Cuidad de Chicago y continua trabajando como activista en su comunidad. �Transcript [00:00:00 - 00:01:00] (off-topic conversation; not transcribed) JOSE JIMENEZ: Go ahead and tell me when you were born. MODESTO RIVERA: My name is Modesto Rivera. I was born May 17, 1954 in Henrotin Hospital on LaSalle and Oak, which is part of the Chicago and Clark Avenue neighborhood, Chicago, La Clark. JJ: Okay. When you said it was Chicago, La Clark neighborhood, what do you mean? MR: Well, that’s one of the first Puerto Rican communities in Chicago. And -- JJ: So, where were you living then? And you were born -- MR: On my birth certificate -- my birth certificate says 118 West Chicago, which is actually the address of a restaurant that my father owned, the Vencedor, which he actually bought from his brother that went around -- he went around the corner [00:02:00] and opened up The Newberry Grocery Store at 850 North Clark, next to the Newberry Theater, which was across the street. But we called it Bughouse Square, which is actually Washington Square Park. One of the oldest, if not the oldest city park in the city, is Washington Square Park, Bughouse Square. And then down the street at 733 North Clark, my uncle Mario owned a store called Spanish American Store, and that was the most popular one because he actually was there a little longer and he had some good advertising. And the Vencedor was actually across the street, the Chicago Avenue Police Station, 119 West Chicago. And we used to get a lot of 1 �customers that were police officers. And I believe the Vencedor [00:03:00] was actually one of the original liquor license that was given to a Puerto Rican. My uncle got that license, Ramon Monchito Rivera. JJ: And what was that area like? I mean, what do you recall -- MR: I was a baby. But knowing from my parents’ conversation, it was mixed. It was mixed. It was Puerto Rican, Irish. And I just remember that it was one of the first communities. So, I was very young, but I remember them talking about this until I was in my forties, fifties. They would talk about the Vencedor on Chicago Avenue, not the one on Division, because that was actually -- the waitress that worked for my father, Maria and her husband Miguel, they [00:04:00] bought the restaurant and they took it to Humboldt Park, which is now called La Borinqueña. That was the spot where the Vencedor -- and that’s what I know from that part because Henrotin Hospital was -- I don’t know if you’d call it trauma center at the time, but had a lot of actions on weekends, a lot of stabbings and a lot of shootings, Henrotin. It was definitely a drama hospital. JJ: Okay. You were born there, but I mean, were you also from La Clark, that community, or what community were you at? MR: Well, I was there as a child, only my first four years of my life. Eventually, we went to Uptown. [00:05:00] My father moved us up to Uptown 1959. And what happened was that -- the Vencedor was actually building violators, came and actually closed it out. So, it was just a process of getting rid of us. We were just in their way. And opening a business in that time without any political representation, without the banks, financial -- the banks would never lend us 2 �money. So Puerto Ricans had hard times keeping businesses. You had the city quoting you to death, and you had the banks not lending you any money. So, you was always a target for urban renewal displacement, and you had to move constantly. That’s what -- I remembered my dad [00:06:00] telling me, “Every time, Mayor Daley says urban renewal, I got to pack up not only my suitcases to move my family, but I got to reinvest my business.” And that’s not only him, but all his brothers were in the businesses. I think every brother and a couple nephews owned businesses in every section that had a Puerto Rican community at one time. JJ: For example, what -- MR: An example was, my cousin Hector Torres owned the Barranquitas Food Mart on 63rd in Stony Island. One of the original -- also another Puerto Rican community that goes way back. My cousin Johnny Torres and the other Torres, Teddy Torres, they had Johnny Food Mart in Lakeview on Sheffield and Oakdale. My uncle, [00:07:00] Ramon Monchito had the Newberry Grocery Store through the whole ’60s. Uncle Mario, he had the biggest. He had the Campo Food Mart. He had first Spanish American on 733 North Clark on Chicago, La Clark. Then he had the Campo Food Mart on Halsted and Willow from the early ’60s to probably mid ’60s, ’67, ’68. Then he had another one, Mario’s, on Armitage and Sheffield during the ’60s and ’70s. He had another one on Fremont and Armitage, that was in mid ’70s. And my father, he settled in Uptown. He had stores from 1959 to 1971, and a restaurant. JJ: And how [00:08:00] did he run the businesses? I mean, what do you remember 3 �of, say the store at the Campo Foods or in Halsted and Willow? MR: Well, when I used to go visit my uncle in Halsted and Willow, he had one of the biggest. He had the biggest, and he had the most popular one because there was a very heavy community up there in Halsted and Armitage, Halsted and Willow, Sheffield. And I just remember going there and everybody that was Puerto Rican, non-Puerto Rican, they would shop at my uncle’s store, Marianos. And he had three of them in that area, just in that short area. Not all in the same time, but the one on Halsted and Armitage definitely had the longest. And I remember that the Young Lords’ parents [00:09:00] used to go shop in my uncle’s store. And to this day, I go to block parties throughout the city, especially with my father and my neighborhood, I have families, young people or people come up and say, “If it wasn’t for your father and your uncles --” because don’t forget, they had businesses in every part where there was the Puerto Rican community. A lot of us were in need. So Mario would give you credit. A lot of the Young Lords’ families were getting credit from my uncles and my father in Uptown, my cousins in Lakeview, Hector in 63rd in Stony Island, and Monchito Ramon in Newberry Grocery Store, where he stayed all the way through ’67. JJ: Okay. So you got credit. What else was going on? MR: Oh, you got credit, la bodega. [00:10:00] First of all, they were community leaders. They were highly respected from the community, because a lot of people depended on these grocery stores for credit. A lot of the single men would get their mails there. It was a source of information. Some of the stores were named after the towns they’re from. Like Lares Food Mart. My cousin, 4 �Barranquitas Food Mart -- matter of fact, my father’s family is Rivera, and they all come from Barranquitas, the home of the first Puerto Rican governor, Muñoz Rivera and his son, Muñoz Marín. JJ: Were they related at all, or? MR: Well, the whole town’s Rivera. JJ: The whole town’s Rivera? MR: So, you know, when you go to that cemetery, [00:11:00] all you see is Rivera Colon. And that was my father, Modesto Rivera Colon. So, whether they were related in one side of the mountain, maybe not on the other side, or they were all related. JJ: Okay. So you said you moved to Uptown. Where did you live in Uptown? And when did that happen? MR: In 1959, we lived in a hotel on Winthrop Avenue while my father first started his business on 1114 West Leland. Now, at that time, there was no banks that would finance us. So, he was able to get 8,000 dollars from Frank Chase Cardeno which was actually the milkman, one of the milk distributors on the North Side. And that’s how most of the Puerto Rican bodegas would come up. They were backed up by the milk companies. And he opened the store in 1959, [00:12:00] and he specialized in Caribbean and American food. And we had a kitchen. The kitchen was very important because we would -- you know, you ever go to a pizzeria and see the pizza ovens, they make pizzas, the commercial pizza? Well, we made roast pork out of these big commercial ovens. In Uptown, Puerto Rican community was not like Armitage. It had pockets. You might have 5 �one block Puerto Ricans on Leland and Winthrop, another block on Argyle, another block on Montrose and Hazel. Then they had Sheridan and Irving Park. But they would all go to my father’s store because it was the only store that was specialized in that, in Uptown. [00:13:00] And my father’s family, Lo Rivera, they had a big impact in the Puerto Rican community because each community was represented by one of their businesses, and they became not only business people, but they became leaders. They would sponsor -- you came from the island, you didn’t have an apartment, they would go talk to the landlord and say, “They just came in. I give you my word, they’re good tenants. They’ll be good tenants, and they’ll pay the rent.” And this is one of the things that they would do because they knew more Puerto Ricans in the community, of course, would be more business. And it was always a good relationship to be that way, to make it as -- to help the new guys come from the island. [00:14:00] JJ: Okay. And where did you go to school? And when you were in (inaudible)? MR: Well, I got to tell you something, though. Owning these stores did give us a little vantage than most of the neighborhoods. So, we all went to Catholic schools. Most of my cousins went to Catholic schools. I went to St. Thomas of Canterbury on Lawrence and Kenmore, just about a block away from the Aragon Ballroom. And went there for eight years. And to my other cousins, Raymond, they went to St. Alphonso’s, we had people go to St. Teresa’s, we had -- just can’t remember all of them. But most of the cousins would go to Catholic schools. JJ: Okay. I guess going back a little bit, [00:15:00] because you had mentioned to me about the displacement and the Carl Sandburg Village area, and that you 6 �lived also on Clark in Chicago and that. Do you recall that? I mean, what -MR: Well, I recall when I was four years old. Probably it was the last years that we had the Vencedor. We lived right behind North Avenue and LaSalle. There was a gas station right off Lake Shore Drive. And man, I just remember living there. Oh, we no longer had the Vencedor. My parents worked in a restaurant in Old Town. My mother was a cook, and my father was the cook and a waiter. I was only about four or five years old, but I remember that time. And going to Uptown, is where I actually believe my memory with that, because I think [00:16:00] that’s where we settled for the next 13 years. And Uptown was a strange one. It was mixed. It was a mix of Blacks. We had small Black community right across the street of the store that’s been Black for about 100 years, I mean, since the turn of the century. But that was the only block they had. This was before the Civil Rights Movement. We had Puerto Ricans that came, and we had Appalachian whites where I actually grew up with a lot of the children from coal miners that were displaced during the Depression and after the war, when the coal mines closed down. And we had an American Indian population. We had the largest American Indian population outside the reservation due to another government program [00:17:00] trying to -- during the ’50s and ’60s, the government would place Indians from the reservation to urban life to see if they could live the urban life outside the reservation. So we had a 12-square block area, 8 to 12-square block area of Blacks, Appalachian white, Puerto Ricans, and American Indians. And it was a very poor, poor neighborhood. And to me, I think every one of them had their -- it seems like everybody was sponsored by -- I know the Puerto Rican 7 �through to the Operation Bootstrap that was going on in the island. The Indians, through the displacement of the -- bringing them from the reservation to urban life, the Appalachian whites, being displaced economically through either the closing [00:18:00] of the coal mines, and the Blacks that were always migrating from the South. So those four groups, really was the majority of the Uptown that I knew. JJ: And so they kind of came here, like they migrated here. But you mentioned the word displacement. How does that fit into -- MR: I think they were sponsored by -- either the coal miners were displaced when the companies closed. They had to come to places like Uptown looking for jobs. The American Indians were displaced, brought from the reservation to see, it was a program, if they could live in urban life. That didn’t work out too good. Puerto Ricans, what brought Puerto Rico was the Commonwealth status, the Operation Bootstrap to bring Puerto Rico from agriculture [00:19:00] to industrial. That displaced a lot of Puerto Ricans, to come to the -- but we always felt when you wind out in Uptown, it was displacement. But in Uptown, you definitely were in the bottom of the barrel. It felt that way from each of these different groups. We didn’t? have much choices. JJ: Okay. Now you’re talking about you left La Clark around four years old and went to Old Town. Did you ever live in Lincoln Park at all, or? MR: No, I did not. My family, my uncle Mario, lived in Lincoln Park. He based his whole businesses out of Lincoln Park. The Campo and then the two stores, one on Fremont and Armitage, then one on Sheffield and Armitage. 8 �JJ: And that was more a larger community than say -- MR: That was the larger Puerto Rican community. That was a lot, that got to [00:20:00] be 60 percent. JJ: Okay, 60 percent. MR: Well, in Uptown there were only like blocks, one block in each little pockets. JJ: And what was it like, I mean, for you living in Uptown then? MR: In Uptown? Well, being you have your grocery store, you did look at life through a fishbowl. You would look at everybody -- it’s not like I was a little kid, and I could hide or they kept me in the home. They kept me out in the community where -- I worked in this grocery store. All of our cousins worked in our grocery. We all grew up in the business. And I just got to meet so many people from all parts of Uptown. But it was true in the ’60s, and it was a melting pot [00:21:00] that I could not -- the experience was just -- I talked to some friends of mine that I’ve known for over 45 years, and you can’t buy the kind of experience that we had in Uptown, being diversified, but poor in that way. And then you had your gangs. But you had all this conflict between the Blacks and the Appalachian whites and the Indians and the Puerto Ricans. It was just a constant -- it was fighting, a lot of fighting going on. But it was poor. But people watched out for each other, in the sense of you were part of that community. You know how my father described it? He lived in New York 25 years before he came to Chicago. He described it like Hell’s Kitchen. New York Hell’s Kitchen. It was mixed, [00:22:00] and it was what it was. But I enjoyed living in Uptown. JJ: Okay. You get involved in a little activism when you were in Uptown, doing 9 �community work. What were you thinking and how did you get involved? MR: I did almost 20 years of activism in Uptown. How I got involved, what brought my consciousness to a political level, was my father had this grocery store. We also had a restaurant. We had two kitchens we operated. But my father had the grocery store, [00:23:00] and this grocery store (inaudible) big wall, which was actually the book section. And then them days, Puerto Rican women would love their novellas, came in little, little paperbacks. The soap operas came in paperbacks in Spanish, with pictures. So they were a popular book. But my father had these two newspapers. We had three, but one came in later. But the two that we had was the Black Panther newspaper and the Young Lords’ newspaper, Palante. JJ: And this was what store? MR: On Leland Avenue in Uptown. JJ: In Uptown. Okay. MR: And reading, when business would be slow, when I have to go in the back, I would take these -- these were my favorite newspapers. Not the Daily News, not the Chicago Suns, it was just Black Panthers’ and Young Lords’, because I was becoming [00:24:00] to be a teenager and we were reading books like the outside -- was it the out-- we’d see movies like Switchblade, West Side Story, because we already knew those gangs, and those gangs’ activity out in Uptown, very high. But these magazines would do something to me when I was in the back of the store, either doing what I have to do, stocking and stuff. I’d take time to read these magazines. I would read them every day. I would read over these 10 �magazines. And that would kind of give me a little idea what was happening with the activism throughout the city. My little world was from school to home and to the store. These two newspapers would take me to a different part of the city. I was still 14, 15 years old, hanging out [00:25:00] in the corner. JJ: What do you mean in different part of the city? You mean like Lincoln Park? MR: Well, take me to Lincoln Park where I always heard about, where I would go visit my uncle and see the Young Lords, but not go out and communicate with them. I would know about the Young Lords through the newspaper. What happened was, we had a group of guys on Leland and Broadway, about 15 of us, 12 to 15 of us. And we were mixed, from Puerto Ricans to Appalachian whites. Most of us were Puerto Ricans. We had one Japanese. And there was gang recruitment going on, gang wars and stuff like that. But somewhere down the line, these newspapers, the Young Lords’ newspaper was like -- the gangs that was happening, the Latin Kings were coming in and they were recruiting. So, we had the Leland Boys. [00:26:00] We weren’t part of the Leland Boys, but they were another group of Puerto Rican kids and Appalachian kids further west of us, a block west. They would hang out. Our gang of boys, a couple, three blocks north of us, they all became Latin Kings. We were the only group that stayed out of any gangs. We just did not-- We had members, individual members who joined gang. But somewhere down the line, we’ve made a choice, because I used to bring the Young Lords newspaper to them. And I had them read what I would read at my father’s store. And we know we didn’t want to join the Latin Kings. So what happened was my political consciousness came from these two 11 �newspapers, [00:27:00] the Black Panther and the Young Lords newspaper, Palante. But what it also did, it kept me from joining a gang, because at that time, when I was already reading about the Young Lords, they already made their transitional from a street gang to a political group. And this is the group that sounded right to me. So, we wanted to join, but we were just a little too young, 14, 15, 16 years old. And we just felt hanging out and staying neutral was our way. And then I went to the Army in 1972, came back in ’75 was when I first started -JJ: Where did you go? You went to the Army? Where -- MR: I was stationed in Germany for two and a half years. But the [00:28:00] impact -the political consciousness was there from what I was getting from these newspapers. And then what the Army did was put an organizational chart in my mind, the chain of command, code of discipline. Code of conduct. So, by the time I got back out, I was kind of ready to organize, but it took me a couple more years to get to the next step. JJ: How did you feel that the Young Lords were, like against the war in Vietnam at that time? MR: Well, I was against the war at first. I was against the war. And we were all greasers. And what happened was you had the Young Lords, the Black Panther, everybody was against the war. [00:29:00] And then you had that Kent State massacre. And what happened was I hanged up my leather jacket and bought me a field jacket at the Army surplus on Broadway next to -- and then came a little bit more consciousness about that. But in 1972, you joined the Army 12 �because it was part of my family’s tradition. All my uncles on my father’s side. My father was a merchant marine, he was from World War II. All my cousins were in Korea, Vietnam. I joined the Army plus economics. And I was on both sides. I was against the war, but I was also a soldier for reasons, tradition. JJ: So, what are some of the things that you did when you got involved? You said you were doing activism. MR: Well, the first campaign I actually worked in was Cha-Cha’s campaign. And that one, I came in a little too late, [00:30:00] but I did get a good week in it. The last week of the campaign, I went out working with Slim Coleman up on Leland Avenue, up in the Leland Hotel, which was my old hangout back in the ’60s. So, it was obvious that I still knew a lot of people. And we were just canvased a few buildings. The Leland Hotel, we canvased Broadway, Leland, Winthrop in Leland, where I grew up when my father had the store. But we no longer had the store. We moved to Puerto Rico in ’71. But I had a week, I canvased with ChaCha and got out to vote on election day, basically, and plug. I wish I would’ve done more, but at that time, I just got out of the Army in November of ’74. The campaign was happening a couple months right after. JJ: And what did you feel about that campaign? I mean, what -- MR: It was great. I think it was great to have a Puerto Rican, especially Cha-Cha, the leader of the Young Lords, the founder, that took this [00:31:00] street gang and made it into this militant activist organization. And then he wants to run at alderman in one of the poorest neighborhoods that I know of, and most diverse. I think that was the hardest part. And the results were 38 percent, was actually 13 �good for one of the first races for a Puerto Rican. I think there was one more on the West Side, I can’t remember. But I think it was Figueroa. I can’t remember. But to get 38 percent in 1975 as a Puerto Rican candidate, that was a victory by itself. I don’t think any other ethnic group in Uptown would’ve done it if you weren’t white or white with money. Had that money. JJ: Okay. So, you worked on the Jimenez campaign [00:32:00] and there was a good campaign for the community. I mean -- MR: A very great. To me, it was a victory, even though we only got 38 percent of the vote. Out of 10,000, 3,800. That was great. That was great. First time around. JJ: Okay. And then, what happened after that with you? MR: Well, I went to college for a couple years, and -- JJ: Where’d you go to college? MR: I went to Truman, Northeastern, couple semesters. But we had some personal family problems, personal problems that I dealt with after the campaign, which is dealing with myself. And I didn’t start getting active again till 1980. JJ: And what happened in 1980? Did you -- MR: Well, in 1980, they were kind of -- Bernard Carey [00:33:00] was our state attorney. He was the state attorney, the Republican state attorney, and Richard Daley wanted to be state attorney. And we just decided that -- another Daley name after what we went through the ’60s and ’70s, and another 20 -- we supported Bernard Carey. And one of the reasons was that Daley wanted to be state attorney, which would’ve been another step to the City Hall. JJ: Wait, why did you support a Republican then? 14 �MR: We did not wanted another Daley name in power. That’s what it was. And this brought out people that were activists from the ’60s that didn’t see each other for a while. And people from Cha-Cha’s campaign, they kind of dropped out of sight and then all of a sudden you got Daley running, [00:34:00] and he kind of woke up the dead again. And said, “No, not another Daley.” So, we went for Republican candidate, just like the Black community elected Bernard Carey in 1972. Why did they do that? Well, they knew that Hanrahan signed the warrants to kill Black Panthers, Fred Hampton and Mark Clark. So the Black community got together in ’72 and put Bernard Carey in Power. So, in 1980, we still backed up Bernard Carey, knowing that Daley was coming. We didn’t want that Daley name under there. So it kind of woke up some of the cobwebs out of us, that Daley was coming back. [00:35:00] That Daley name was coming back. And that started a whole new movement, you know? A whole new movement from what was kind of limbo in the disco era, I believe. (laughs) I got lost with the disco. And I think the 1980, the Reaganomics and knowing that Daley’s coming back, kind of woke me up. JJ: So, this was 1980. And then what happened after that? MR: It was just one campaign after another. I became a VISTA volunteer for two years, 1981. In 1981, I was a VISTA volunteer. I would go to Milwaukee, worked on a campaign in Milwaukee, worked on a campaign in Cairo, Illinois. And I worked in Uptown as a VISTA volunteer. JJ: [00:36:00] Now, in 1983, Harold Washington was running as the first African American mayor for the city, for mayor. Did you do anything during that time? 15 �MR: Well, in 1982 there was a coalition formed with Uptown, South Side with Jesse Jackson, West Side with Cha-Cha Jimenez. And we started spearheading voter registration drive. But the good thing -- the part was that we were meeting back in ’82 already. Go to 18th Street, go to 26th Street, go to Humboldt Park, Wicker Park, and we would take classes at the Operation Rainbow on Saturday mornings about voter registration, [00:37:00] because it was the first time that the voter registration outreach came out, where you actually volunteered to do voter registration, making deputies. At that time, you had to do it at the junctions or the polling places. Now, they did the outreach program. That was the first year. So, they were teaching a lot. And we took that advantage and went with it and made -- I don’t even know the numbers, but it was voter registration. Everybody I knew became a voter registrar. And then in ’83, I hooked up with Cha-Cha in the Logan Square, West Town, Humboldt Park area. We had an office on Fullerton and Western, right? I think about a block and a half from Mell’s ward [00:38:00] office. JJ: Richard -- MR: Richard Mell, 33rd ward. And he was actually spearheading the opposition. He was with Byrne, I believe. JJ: Stone, I think. Bernard Stone. MR: No. Don’t forget we had a primary. We had Daley, Byrne, and Washington. JJ: That’s correct. MR: So, I think Mell went with -- JJ: Daley, I think. 16 �MR: -- Daley. JJ: Yeah. No clue. I’m not sure. But anyway, so you were working out of the Fullerton office? MR: Mm-hmm. With Cha-Cha, some union people. And Cha-Cha had this great idea that I remember we couldn’t use the Young Lords’ name. [00:39:00] But he was working on a project already with this guy, Frank Espada from Washington D.C., the Puerto Rican Diaspora Documentary project. And they gave us permission to kind of use their name. And we had the Puerto Rican Diaspora Coalition. And I actually think there was only two Puerto Rican groups actually or two Hispanic groups, two Puerto Rican groups that literally came out in public to support Harold Washington. We were one of them. Can’t remember who was the other one? Maybe Reverend Morales? Everybody else, like on the -- either backing off or they were between Daley and Byrne. We were the only two Puerto Rican groups that I remember that actually came out publicly, on the literature. [00:40:00] And that was, to me -- JJ: And so, when was the first actions? Was the Northwest? What was one of the first actions? MR: Well, first action was we had the big rally at the Northwest Hall. And Jesus, I remember Cha-Cha, he was telling me, he kept telling me there’d be over 500 people coming to this. I said, “Cha-Cha, you for real? Come on.” We worked down there for almost a month. And I swear to God, when it was that night, there was over 700 people come to that rally. And I remember when Harold Washington came -- because we would discuss the theme song of the Night. 17 �And when Harold Washington walked in, the “Eye of the Tiger” was the theme song for Harold Washington. When he came up the stage, [00:41:00] Cha-Cha gave him a pava, a Puerto Rican jibaro hat. And he wore it saying “Viva Puerto Rico!” That was pretty neat. But I didn’t think we would get the 700, and we got it. And also, we were still doing the campaign in these five wards. I had 15 precincts in the 33rd that I was concentrating on. There was a couple other people. But I remember Cha-Cha was telling us that we would need to -- we had the union people, hell, a lot of union people out there. But we were troubleshooters. I remember now that there’d be a building where some people weren’t comfortable going in. Couple of them across the street at Humboldt Park, one on the Boulevard. And they would send us, Cha-Cha, me and the group. [00:43:00] And we talked to these guys. And what it was, by the end of the day, we had every one-percenter, what we call one-percenter anti-socialbehavior registered and ready to vote for Harold Washington. Otherwise, there was a lot of high crime buildings or maybe narcotics going on. And these people were just terrified. And I remember Cha-Cha, he’d go in these buildings, and he told me, “Modesto, this is --” And that’s what was our job. One of our jobs was troubleshooting trouble buildings. And the trouble buildings was that the people weren’t comfortable with these people. And we came in. I remember a walk, it was the strangest thing. Berrios, Congressman Berrios came to work on the Harold Washington campaign, because Harold Washington was a congressman [00:43:00] and we did a walk -JJ: Herman Badillo. 18 �MR: Herman Badillo. What did I say? JJ: You said Berrios, but -- MR: Okay, Herman, the Congressman from New York, he came and worked on the campaign. He did a walk on Milwaukee Avenue, and we were on Milwaukee and Damen and North Avenue, and Cha-Cha and I were advancing. We had to do advance to kind of pick out good businesses, where we could [initiate?]. And one of the businesses was the Double Door Saloon -- Bar. And we told the congressman, this you should go in. And some of the people that were with the congressman from Chicago, they were advising him, “No, no. You don’t want go there. It’s a trouble bar.” And the congressman told [00:44:00] them, “I’m from the Bronx.” And he walked in the Double Door Saloon, man. Machinecontrolled, hardcore saloon. And this Puerto Rican congressman from New York shook every hand on behalf of this Black congressman. It was great. It was Polish, Ukrainian, Puerto Ricans. And then I knew, for some reason, we knew that they were outreaching. This was really done by really, really -- you know, it was great because Cha-Cha would go up ahead and say, “These are the people you need to talk to, the disenfranchised. Not the established Puerto Ricans here. The ones that no one’s talking to.” And there was another incident where we felt, [00:45:00] that I felt I was in the right movement here where Celia Cruz came to the Aragon, and it was one of -- I think the promoter was [Donny?] Ramos. And we went in as security for Harold Washington. And this one was a definitely allout working-class Puerto Rican community. And the feel -- we did not know how they would set Harold Washington. Because don’t forget, there was only two 19 �groups that supported Harold Washington. And the rest was between Daley and Byrne. But when Celia Cruz, the Queen of Salsa, introduced the next Mayor, mi negrito of the City of Chicago, Harold Washington, [00:46:00] and that 3,000 people just responded. 3,000, mostly Boricua, which I believe was the full house, maybe 5,000, the Aragon. And the response to that, then I knew for some reason, between the Northwest Hall, 700, the Walk on Milwaukee Avenue, going to that Double Door Saloon, that reaction was the -- Polish, Ukrainian, and Puerto Ricans that were in there. And the response of the Aragon Ballroom, when Celia Cruz introduced Harold Washington, I knew then we were winner. For some reason, I knew the Puerto Rican community was going to come out for Harold. And that was a good campaign. That campaign started -- it made [00:47:00] veterans out of us. You never were politically active, you worked that campaign, you were a veteran. You didn’t have to work another one. That was a good campaign. JJ: So, okay. Modesto, if you can tell me, what do you think is the legacy of the Young Lords? MR: The Young Lords in my life, the legacy is -- be perfectly honest with you, when I was in the store, in la bodega de mi papa, and reading the Young Lords’ paper and lifting my mind and thinking about that, and I had a choice. Do I want to be a Young Lord or do I want to be a gangbanger, that was disruptive behavior? What I thought the Young Lords did to me and to my little gang on Leland and Broadway, was to keep us neutral [00:48:00] and keep us away from the criminal gang activity. And it put us into a positive, progressive political future, which 20 �actually most of my friends, wind up working for the cities, because we followed that route. But the ones that followed the other gangs, most of them are dead and went to prison. And to this, the legacy to me is that they made political lead activists out of us, out the ones that were just right behind them. And they were made more political activists of future kids, because the Young Lords’ story will be told throughout the curriculum from now on, because I think it’s just -- the way the economy is and the way world is now, no one’s watching out for the other person. [00:49:00] And I think these issues that the Young Lords -- the struggle has been going on for the last 40 years. We’ve been there, but we’re going to bring this next generation into the web of things, because things are getting worse. And we need another young wave of activism. And I think more young people that read and hear about the Young Lords, then these ideas will pop. Because I’d be perfectly honest with you, I believe the Young Lords -- reading these little papers in my father’s store, saved my life. JJ: Okay. How do you -- saved your life in terms of the crime, or? MR: That I never -- besides my parents, of course, guidance, the Young Lords put a political consciousness in me to do [00:50:00] positive things in the sense of political. My faith in God, I keep. My parents taught me to do well. But the Young Lords lift my political consciousness where I did not get into the trap of other young kids joining gangs and negative gangs. Let’s say if I joined a gang, it was definitely a positive gang like the Young Lords. I always felt like a Young Lord in my heart, because I believe -- what they were doing, I believe in them. So to me, in my heart, I’m a Young Lord, just in the actions that I did. I did not go 21 �gangbanging, but I went and became an activist. That’s it. JJ: Okay. Now, after or later on, you did work within the city. MR: Oh, yes. JJ: So, how did that come about? MR: Well, I worked 23 years with the city. I’m semi-retired. [00:51:00] I’ve been working campaigns ever since. My last good campaign was in 2009 where I worked for Mike Quigley for congressman. I stayed three months in that campaign. And I stayed a month working for Obama in 2008. He’d take me to Iowa, these little bus tours. But we do phone bank and things like that. But the campaigns nowadays are not like the ones that we used to do. It’s more of a human touch. JJ: So, if you actually worked for the Obama campaign, you can kind of extend it all the way to -- MR: Yeah. Well, I’m still active. I’m still active. For some reason, what was taught to us in the ’60s towards the movement and the Young Lords and the Black Panthers, it seems it build a seed, and [00:52:00] something I believe that young people are missing. And I think it’s going to come back. I think it’s going to come back. And I hope. JJ: Any final words that you want to say at this point or that you think maybe we missed or that are important? MR: Well, sometimes when you interview, you get thinking about other things. I wish that the Young Lords would -- because, you know, people come and you have to continue struggling for other people, not just for yourself, [00:53:00] but for the 22 �other people and for the next generation. And when you talk about the Young Lords, people will say, “Oh, I remember the Young Lords. Oh, they’re still around? Oh, the Young Lords.” But all the benefits -- no, not the benefits, but all the social programs and all the things that Latinos are taking for granted in other groups, it was groups like the Young Lords and the Black Panthers and the Young Patriots that started. And of course, they’re still around through the programs, through the things -- through your rights, through Latino rights, you know? That’s how they’re round. And I wish people would not think that the Young Lords died out. The spirit is still there. They’re like legends. And every time Cha-Cha comes to town, I say, “Man, I’m riding with the legend.” (laughs) That’s it. END OF VIDEO FILE 23 � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4a83561c6bcd6375ffda20fb860d0a20.mp4 ee4a05ca39216f98be526a306e5a3176 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Young Lords in Lincoln Park Collection Subject The topic of the resource Young Lords (Organization) Puerto Ricans--United States Civil Rights--United States--History Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) Personal narratives Social justice Community activists--Illinois--Chicago Description An account of the resource Collection of oral history interviews and digitized materials documenting the history of the Young Lords Organization in Lincoln Park, Chicago. Interviews were conducted by Young Lords' founder, José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez, and documents were digitized from Mr. Jiménez' archives. The Young Lords in Lincoln Park collection grows out of the ongoing struggle for fair housing, self-determination, and human rights that was launched by Mr. José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez, founder of the Young Lords Movement. This project is dedicated to documenting the history of the displacement of Puerto Ricans, Mejicanos, other Latinos, and the poor from Lincoln Park, as well as the history of the Young Lords nationwide. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jiménez, José, 1948- Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/491">Young Lords in Lincoln Park collection (RHC-65)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-25 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng spa Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-65 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2012-2017 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Título Spanish language Title entry Modesto Rivera vídeo entrevista y biografía Descripción Spanish language Description entry Modesto Rivera es un Young Lord que creció en el vecindario de La Clark en Lincoln Park con los Hillbillies de Chicagos Uptown. Su Padre y tío, Mario Rivera, fueron unos de los primeros Puertorriqueños que era dueño de su propio negocio. Su mercado estaba en 733 North Clark Street y tenia anuncios en la estación mexicana del radio. Durante este entrevista Señor Rivera hable sobre su tío quien fue conocido porque daba crédito en el base de confianza de la familias Puertorriqueñas, quien a cambio lo trataban como alcalde. No le gustaba al Alcalde Daley a su tío porque “cada vez que él se mudaba el vecindario tenia que moverse y él también se tenía que mover.” Señor Rivera es un dedicado organizador para la comunidad y camina de puerta a puerta como trabajador de recinto. El trabajo en muchas campañas políticas, incluyendo la de Jiménez para Alderman (1973-1975), la de Helen Schiller Alderman, y la campaña para Harold Washington. Durante la campaña de Washington, Señor Rivera trabajo con David Mojica y Jose “Cha-Cha” Jimenez y tomo parte en organizar la primer concentración de Latinos por los Young Lords, en apoyo de elegir el primer alcalde Afro-Americano en Chicago. Señor Rivera también trabajo por la Cuidad de Chicago y continua trabajando como activista en su comunidad. Sujetos Spanish language Subject terms Young Lords (Organización) Puertorriqueños--Estados Unidos Derechos civiles--Estados Unidos--Historia Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) Puertorriqueños--Relatos personales Justicia social Activistas comunitarios--Illinois--Chicago Chicago (Ill.)--Política y gobierno--1951- Puertorriqueños--Illinois--Chicago--Vida social y costumbres Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/491">Young Lords in Lincoln Park (RHC-65)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-65_Rivera_Modesto Title A name given to the resource Modesto Rivera video interview and transcript Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rivera, Modesto Description An account of the resource Modesto Rivera is a Young Lord raised in the La Clark neighborhood, Lincoln Park, and with the Hillbillies of Chicago’s uptown. Mr. Rivera was a strong community organizer and door-to-door precinct worker. He has worked in many political campaigns, including the Jiménez for Alderman Campaign (1973-1975), Helen Schiller’s Aldermanic Campaign, and the Harold Washington Campaign. During the Washington Campaign, Mr. Rivera worked alongside David Mojica and José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez, and participated in organizing the first Latino rally held by the Young Lords, in support of electing the first African American mayor in Chicago’s history. Mr. Rivera also worked for the City of Chicago and continues to be active in his community. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jiménez, José, 1948- Subject The topic of the resource Young Lords (Organization) Puerto Ricans--United States Civil Rights--United States--History Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) Puerto Ricans--Personal narratives Social justice Community activists--Illinois--Chicago Chicago (Ill.)--Politics and government--1951- Puerto Ricans--Illinois--Chicago--Social life and customs Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-02-07 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e734616e55082fb94c1ce3726d7e2aa2.jpg 7094607d8b40a8a62d62edeff44599c7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_1238 Title A name given to the resource Modified Colossus class British light aircraft carrier Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Modified Colossus class British CVL (light aircraft carrier), April 1, 1953. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy Military education Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Slides Great Britain Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1953-04-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c2d8c7b038d5faf07b844016a4fc2286.jpg 81db8d5da7ff2b03413cea23a7208b23 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_1240 Title A name given to the resource Modified Colossus class British light aircraft carrier Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Modified Colossus class British CVA (light aircraft carrier), April 1, 1953. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy Military education Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Slides Great Britain Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1953-04-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5273d2647986de0b8be6942eed4b3a56.jpg efaf67343118bee23f87a129b30c96f1 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2b5730f3909a91e64c526c24e5586a6b.jpg 162f63f06b41f78f3b39e6474cdc61d5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Insel-Bücherei Series Description An account of the resource The German publishing company Insel Verlag was founded in 1899 by Anton Kippenberg in Leipzig. In its early years the firm only printed expensive, beautifully-produced volumes, until demand led to the publication of the more modest Insel-Bücherei series in 1912. Relatively inexpensive but with the same careful sense of design and typography, these smaller-format books reprinted shorter works from a variety of German, European, and world authors. The series numbers considerably more than a thousand titles and is still being issued. The Digital Collection contains the scanned covers of 140 titles held by Grand Valley State University Libraries. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1904-1987 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-05 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource ger Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-29 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-05_IB0011 Title A name given to the resource Mogens: eine Novelle Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</A> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1912 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-29 Description An account of the resource Cover of Mogens: eine Novelle, by Jens Peter Jacobsen, published by Insel-Verlag, 1912. Insel-Bücherei Nr. 11 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books. Insel-Bücherei. Z315.I5 B83 no.11 Language A language of the resource de Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a9e5c92dd2f39b078dc803eca63a0df5.jpg c35d9b41666d30f3648a9f0b06201df2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_M153 Title A name given to the resource Mohawk class cutter Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Mohawk (WPG-78) 165 ft. US Coast Guard class cutter served as part of the naval forces during WII. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy World War, 1939-1945 Military education Warships--Recognition Slides Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/64cc7151ae3a3318bb1dfdc6eca8bc3c.m4v 2061b7b0928ebda60a833a8cd767b651 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e2eaddbbdc1705305a7abf9b424a07b4.pdf 68019f43dd3af15b9003b9737c73ec8f PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans' History Project Jacob Mol War in Iraq and War in Afghanistan 1 hour 32 minutes 9 seconds (00:00:39) Early Life -Born in Grand Rapids, Michigan on December 15, 1986 -Lived on the West Side of Grand Rapids -Had four brothers and a half sister -Moved north to Cedar Springs, Michigan -Graduated from Cedar Springs High School -Father worked as an electrician all over the United States -Jacob traveled with him -Mother stayed at home, but also did dental assistant jobs -Worked various jobs after high school -Decided to forgo college because of the cost (00:02:28) Enlisting in the Marines -Decided to enlist in the Marines in May 2006 -Sworn in on September 11, 2006 -Part of a delayed entry program because he wanted to work on aircraft -Had been in the Young Marines when he was younger -Taught how to march and be in formation, values, and leadership skills (00:04:08) Basic Training -Sent to San Diego for basic training in February 2007 -It was cold at night and hot during the day -Boarded buses and taken to the base -Drill instructors got on the bus and started screaming at the recruits -Got off the bus and stood at attention waiting for further orders -Gathered gear, had their heads shaved, and moved quickly -Waiting to get sorted into their training unit -Arrived at 10 PM -Woke up the next day at 7 AM -Kind of expected the craziness of the first few days -Knew that if he followed orders he would be fine -Part of Platoon 2134 of Fox Company -Had one senior drill instructor and three other drill instructors -Three of the drill instructors were veterans and one of the drill instructors was new -Didn't know much about any of them -Phase One of basic training lasted a month -Starting physical training -Taught Marine Corps history -Received First Aid training and learned the basics of rifles -Phase Two of basic training was at Camp Pendleton, California -Received Field Training while at Camp Pendleton -Did two weeks of rifle training -One week of classroom work -Some men had never handled a rifle before in their entire life �-After a week of class they spent a week on the rifle range -Completed rifle training with qualifications -Did outdoor training at Camp Pendleton -Did “the Crucible” -Three or four days of night navigation training -Obstacle courses -Completed by running up the hill called “Reaper” and getting dog tags -Trained with the M16A2 rifle -Had iron sights -Accurate up to 500 yards -For night navigation training they were given a flashlight, compass, and a map -Worked with a team of five men and tried to avoid getting “captured” -His fire team did not get “captured” -Phase Three focused on physical training and uniform protocol -Taught how to take care of their uniforms -Did swimming qualification -Martial arts qualification -Trained with a lot of men from California, Texas, Ohio, and Michigan -There were a lot of Hispanic recruits -Befriended a lot of the men he trained with -There were no women training with them at San Diego -Only women he ever saw there were the Navy corpsmen doing medical work -Basic training lasted about three months, give or take a week -Assigned Marine Occupational Specialty 6213: fixed-wing aircraft mechanic (00:15:23) Marine Combat Training -Went home for two weeks of leave -Spent one week with his family -Spent another week working with recruiter -Getting new recruits ready for basic training and trying to get people to join -Sent to Camp Pendleton for Marine Combat Training -Abbreviated version of the School of Infantry that Marine riflemen went through -Advanced rifle training -Learning how to move forward while firing at targets set at varying distances -Trained with different weapons -M240 grenade launcher, .50 caliber machine gun, other larger weapons, and hand grenades -Received more land navigation training -One day of Day Navigation -Had to move from one point to the next while staying concealed -One night of Night Navigation -More difficult because they had to move through the mountains -Pretty much everyone passed Marine Combat Training -Men only got held back due to medical reasons (00:20:10) Engine Training -Sent to Pensacola, Florida for “A School” -Taught how to work on aircraft engines -Three months of classes -Similar to a college course -Taught by civilian and Navy instructors -Learned about jet engines, helicopter engines, and turboprop engines �-The higher your class ranking, the more choice you had about what aircraft you would work on -He was #2 in his class -He selected EA-6B Prowler work -The Prowler was a fixed-wing jet aircraft derived from the A-6 Intruder -Used extensively in the Vietnam War -Used for electronic warfare -Jam radar, conceal aircraft, and pick up enemy communications -Core of most of the aircraft was 20 to 50 years old -Fun to work on (00:24:53) Prowler Training -Sent to Naval Air Station Whidbey Island, Washington to learn how to work on the Prowler -Part of a Marine Corps and Navy joint training squadron -Learned about the fuel system, engine, oil system, and landing system of the aircraft -Taught how to do flight inspections -Trained there from October through November 2007 -Able to go home for Thanksgiving 2007 (00:26:47) Downtime during Training -Allowed to go off the base when he was at Pensacola -No vehicles allowed -When he was at NAS Whidbey Island he was allowed to have a car -His cousin let him borrow his car, so he could go into Seattle (00:27:47) Stationed at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point -Assigned to Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina -Marine Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron 3 (VMAQ-3) -VMAQ-3 was getting ready to deploy in 20 days, so he was swapped into VMAQ-2 -Learning how they worked in a VMAQ -VMAQ-2 was basically the same as VMAQ-3 just with a different command -Squadrons were on a six month rotation at the time -The squadrons worked together at Cherry Point -He was with VMAQ-2 for a few months -Transferred to VMAQ-4 for a month -Transferred back to VMAQ-3 when they got back from their deployment -Because he moved between squadrons so much, he received some training multiple times -For example, he had to go through gas chamber training multiple times -This involves putting on a gas mask and other gear to protect from WMDs -You then go into a room that is sealed and filled with tear gas -Once the room is full, you remove your gas mask and inhale the gas -The objective is to give you an idea of what a gas attack would be like (00:32:22) Deployment to Iraq & Arrival in Iraq -Deployed to Iraq in August 2009 with VMAQ-3 -Orders for Al Asad Air Base in Iraq -Didn't know what to expect going into Iraq -They were on the south side of the air base -Lived in huts made out of shipping containers -Had doors, windows, and air conditioning -Had a gym, chapel, and a general store on the base -Before deploying they went to a base in Nevada for pre-deployment training -Spent a month there getting used to a desert climate -Got used to working 12 hour shifts �-He always worked at night -Didn't receive any cultural training -Wouldn't have much contact with the Iraqis anyway -Left the United States on C-130s and flew to Germany -Spent a day in Germany -Took a commercial airliner to Kuwait and boarded C-130s again to fly into Iraq -First thing he noticed about Iraq was how hot, dry, windy, and sandy it was -Daytime temperatures averaged at 120 to 130 degrees Fahrenheit -Didn't deploy as a whole squadron -Prowlers and a forward unit went over two weeks earlier than the rest of the squadron -Ironically, Jacob's group got there earlier because one of the Prowlers got delayed -When they arrived, VMAQ-1 was still there (00:38:17) Stationed at Al Asad Air Base -Had concrete bunkers that the aircraft could be stored inside -Huge blast doors on the outside and dual tunnels that led out onto the runway -VMAQ-1 had a similar bunker about an eighth of a mile down the runway -Nice to have an enclosed space to work in -Out of the sun and safe from small arms fire or mortars -Never attacked when he was in Iraq -They were about 100 kilometers west of Baghdad -Basically in the middle of nowhere -Built around an oasis -Knew almost nothing about the Iraq War or Al Asad Air Base's history before arriving -Heard stories about Saddam's treatment of the Iraqi people -Knew Al Asad had been some kind of leisure and sports compound during Saddam's regime -Note: Originally named Qadisiyah Airbase and built during the 1980s -Worked from 5 PM to 7 AM, plus or minus a half hour -Had evening meal as breakfast then briefed on what needed to be done during the shift -Usually sent out aircraft on night missions -Did an inspection of the Prowlers then got them ready to fly -Sent out two aircraft at a time -If there was nothing else to do then they could just sit around for the remaining six hours -Had internet and computers to pass the time -Able to get their work done at a relaxed pace, most of the time (00:44:56) End of Deployment in Iraq -Deployment ended in February 2010 -Last Marine air unit in Iraq -They were relieved by the Navy -Worked with the Navy personnel when they came to help shut down the air base -Had to gather up any left over Marine gear -Had been in Iraq for seven or eight months (00:46:30) Technical Problems in Iraq -Had to do oil changes on the aircraft almost every time they came back from a mission -Very repetitive task -If they didn't have to do an oil change then they still had to do an oil inspection -Basically making sure there wasn't too much dust and sand in the oil -Air frames of the aircraft always broke because they were so old -Washed the Prowlers every couple days to keep them dust free -Also made sure they stayed dry so no dust or sand could stick to the plane �(00:49:20) Morale in Iraq & Contact with Home -Morale was affected due to the length of the shifts -Noticed that halfway through the deployment tensions flared -Near the end of the deployment everyone started to calm down again -Worked out at the gym to deal with frustration -Slept a lot to pass the time -Wore headphones when he slept and listened to classical music to drown out the aircraft noise -Able to Skype his family once a week -Chance to let them know that he was okay and how life was in Iraq (00:52:19) Returning to Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point -Left Iraq in February 2010 and got 20 days of leave -Returned to Michigan and went to the Upper Peninsula with his family to go snowmobiling -Returned to Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point -Took the Prowlers apart for in depth inspections and to clean their components -Some of the aircraft needed their engines swapped out -More in depth maintenance after returning to the States than deploying to Iraq (00:54:23) Deployment to Afghanistan -There was a rumor they would be deployed to Japan for a shorter, three month deployment -A month later their orders were changed to Afghanistan -Did pre-deployment training in Yuma, Arizona -Different because he had a higher rank and there were new men in the unit -VMAQ-3 received another Prowler and about 30 new Marines to maintain said Prowler -Passed through Germany, again, en route to Afghanistan -Flew from Germany to Kyrgyzstan -Got to spend the day there -Interesting place -A lot of vendors selling old Soviet gear -He bought $200 worth of Soviet stuff and sent it back home -Boarded a commercial airliner and flew to Bagram Air Base, Afghanistan (00:58:20) Stationed at Bagram Air Base -He was stationed at Bagram for his entire deployment in Afghanistan -Bagram was huge compared to Al Asad -His unit was quartered next to the emergency evacuation helicopters, C-130s, and the hospital -More of a sense that he was in a war zone -Every two or three days militants shot rockets or mortars at Bagram, usually at 2 AM or 9 PM -Came out of batteries in the city or in the hills near the base -Most of the time the rockets hit nothing, but when they found their mark they caused damage -When they took mortar/rocket fire they went into bunkers scattered around the base -Concrete enclosures capable of taking a direct hit -In retaliation, attack helicopters went out to search and destroy the enemy batteries -Missions took about an hour, which meant they had to sit in the bunkers for an hour -Worked day and night shifts at Bagram -Noon to midnight for half of his deployment then midnight to noon for the other half -Never worried about small arms fire (01:02:09) Living Conditions at Bagram -Sleeping arrangements were worse at Bagram than in Iraq -Slept in wooden shacks with screen windows -City of Bagram was a quarter mile away, but they were not allowed to go into the city -Bagram was primarily used as an R&R base for soldiers in Afghanistan �-Had cheerleaders and comedians tour the base to entertain the troops -He didn't go to those shows because he felt the combat troops needed them more -Had a bazaar on base that acted as a sort of local shopping center -Remembers they had furs for sale that were illegal to buy in the United States -There were Afghan food vendors and a Pizza Hut -The chow hall (dining hall) at Bagram was better than the one at Al Asad -Wider variety of choices (01:06:16) Security in Afghanistan -Never went off base -There was a school on the base for Afghan children, so he was able to visit that -Remembers the children were friendly and wanted candy -During the last two months he was placed on security detail because he hurt his back -Gave him a chance to see the security measures put in place on their end of the base -Had a guard shack with a rotating security camera -Marine(s) patrolled the area near the guard shack with Air Force guards in towers -Had T-walls (steel-reinforced concrete walls topped with razor wire) -Also had old Soviet landmines scattered around the perimeter of the base (01:09:10) End of Deployment in Afghanistan Pt. 1 & Getting Wounded -On the last day in Afghanistan he got wounded -He had everything packed up except for his rifle -Shells started landing near the building he was in, so he ran outside toward a bunker -Once inside someone pointed out to him that his arm was bleeding -He had taken a small piece of shrapnel in his arm -Closest encounter he had with combat (01:11:29) Progress of War in Afghanistan -Friend told him they had taken more mortars following the execution of Osama bin Laden on 5/2/2011 -Learned that VMAQ-3 had sent out aircraft to support the raid -The bombardment in which he got wounded led to a delay in leaving Afghanistan -Needed to repair the holes in the runway -Knew something big happened whenever there was a lot of activity at the hospital -Saw men missing arms and legs -Able to watch the news, but he usually knew more about what happened than the news talked about (01:15:36) End of Deployment in Afghanistan Pt. 2 & End of Enlistment Pt. 1 -Came home in May 2011 -Enlistment was for five years, so that was coming to an end as well -Placed in an old C-130 hangar at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point -Did not lose any aircraft on either deployment -Only one aircraft got hit by enemy fire in Afghanistan and it was a fairly easy repair -When he got back to the States in May he had nine months left in his enlistment -Could have gone on another deployment, but the rotation schedule changed -Prowlers were being replaced by the EA-18G Growler (variation of the F/A-18F Super Hornet) -He felt the Prowlers were better for electronic warfare because they were simpler aircraft -EA-18Gs had problems with jamming their own electronics -Decided at the beginning of his enlistment not to make a career out of the Marines -Wanted to serve his country, serve his family, and qualify for the GI Bill (01:22:00) September 11, 2001 -He was 15 years old when the September 11th Attacks happened -Remembers being at school, it was 9 AM, and he was in health class -Teacher got a call and turned on the news �-Watched in real time as the jet hit the second World Trade Center Tower -Feels that it had a little influence on his decision to enlist -Wanted to do his part to defend his country and his loved ones (01:23:52) End of Enlistment Pt. 2 -Not much encouragement for him to reenlist -Military was downsizing at the time -Iraq War was coming to an end -War in Afghanistan was slowing down -Discharged in February 2012 (01:24:42) Life after Service -Moved back to Michigan and moved in with one of his brothers -Tried to get a job working on aircraft, but nobody was hiring at the time -Got hired at the plastics factory that his brother worked at -Worked there for two months -Hired by Loomis Armored (a cash handling company) -Applied to Grand Valley State University in mid/late 2013 -Majored in electrical engineering -Feels the Marines prepared him for hands-on work, taught him discipline, and multitasking -Also made him a little too picky when it came to irrelevant details -Wasn't too hard for him to readjust to civilian life -Didn't want to be around too many people for a while -Took a year to return to his “old self” -Even after a year school came as a bit of a shock -Noticed a definite gap between the civilian students and the veteran students -Hard time relating to the younger students (01:31:24) Reflections on Service -Feels that his time in the Marines made him more responsible -Changed him for the better -Appreciates everything that he got out of his time in the Marines -Enjoyed the work he did in the Marines and the people he worked with � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_MolJ1778V Title A name given to the resource Mol, Jacob (Interview outline and video), 2015 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-06-18 Description An account of the resource Jacob Mol was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan on December 15, 1986. In May 2006 he decided to enlist in the Marines and was sworn in on September 11, 2006. He began basic training in San Diego in February 2007 then received Marine Combat Training at Camp Pendleton, California. He was designated as a fixed-wing aircraft mechanic and trained on aircraft engines in Pensacola, Florida. He graduated second in his class and volunteered to work on EA-6B Prowlers. He received training with those aircraft at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island, Washington then joined Marine Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron 3 (VMAQ-3) at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina. He deployed to Iraq in August 2009 and was stationed at Al Asad Air Base until February 2010 then deployed to Afghanistan in fall or winter 2010 and was stationed at Bagram Air Base until May 2011. He completed his enlistment at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point and was discharged in February 2012. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mol, Jacob Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) WKTV (Wyoming, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Iraq War, 2003-2011--Personal narratives, American Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American United States. Marine Corps Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/x-m4v application/pdf https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5de3ac5aa5a9c6b6d1f375f6db521c70.pdf 86fa83763fa279a7856df44c07757fa6 PDF Text Text The Nokomis Foundation Lecture Series West Michigan Women's Studies Council Presents: MOLLY IVINS Best Selling Author and Prize-Winning Columnist Molly Ivins Can't Say That, Can She? Tuesday April 20, 2004 7:00 p.m. Fountain Street Church Downtown Grand Rapids Media Sponsor FREE AND OPEN TO THE PUBLIC For more information call GVSU Women 's Center, (616) 331-2748 1ml DAVENPORT UNIVERSITY . A Grand~ ~ College AQUINAS COL.LEU A. HOPE COU£GE � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Sexuality and Gender Flyers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center Women and Gender Studies Department Women's Commission Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity Description An account of the resource Digitized posters, flyers, event notices, and other materials relating to gender expression and sexuality at Grand Valley State University, with materials spanning from 1974 to 2019. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974/2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized from collections at the Rainbow Resource Center (formerly the Milton E. Ford LGBT Resource Center), Women and Gender Studies Department, Women's Commission, and Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Gender identity Gender expression Sexual orientation Women's studies Queer theory Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09_SGF_WGS_2004_InvitedSpeaker_MollyIvins_Poster.pdf Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Women & Gender Studies Program Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2004-04-20 Title A name given to the resource Molly Ivins Can't Say That, Can She? Description An account of the resource Poster including the date, time and location for the lecture by Molly Ivins. Signed by the speaker with illegible text. Subject The topic of the resource Women's studies Lectures and lecturing Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Department Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/071340a7c4158c380df8c473a54f2bc7.pdf 745d961489f5ae2a8b2d08984cee932c PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Michael Moloney U.S. Army Length of interview (20:12) (00:00) Early life              (00:10)Born on September 15, 1967 in Detroit, Michigan Dad was a college professor and his mother was a homemaker His father taught math, math history, and Latin. Michael had 11 brothers and sisters Before joining the army, Michael worked in the printing industry, they printed product manuals for companies such as Ford (2:00)Enlisted in 1988, he joined because he wanted to get some direction and financial assistance for college (3:15) when he told his parents he had enlisted, he simply told them that his new boss was Ronald Regan (3:50) Michael left for Fort Sill, Oklahoma on December 31, 1987. It was the only time he was asleep before midnight on New Years When he first got to the fort, everyone was nice and he was surprised (5:06) He was a surveyor for field artillery (5:30) At first, the screaming of the drill instructors was intimidating, but he eventually got used to it (6:00) Even though he tried to physically prepare himself for the army, it was still extremely difficult (7:30) The food was surprisingly good, they could eat whatever they wanted Deployment (8:30)       Went to Germany in 1988, he spent a total of two months there playing war games. Michael remembers being killed on his birthday (9:20) Michael was able to see a lot of historical landmarks from the Second World War (10:40) His favorite memory of Germany was ordering a beer at Burger King. Nuremberg was another nice place to visit (12:20) He met a man who was at one point a prisoner of war in Texas, he was very kind to Michael and his friends (12:50) Michael was never able to visit Berlin, he now wishes that he had (14:20) He kept in touch with his family by writing letters, he estimates that he wrote over 100 letters while in Germany �Home (15:30)     (15:40) His enlistment ended when he was at Fort Riley, Kansas. He took a 17 hour train ride from Kansas to Detroit (17:25) After arriving in Detroit, he returned to his old job in the printing industry for three months until moving to Michigan State University (18:00) Michael is a lifetime member of the Big Red One (First Infantry Division) (18:30) The army taught him patience. Michael thinks about his experiences every day and encourages young people not to take service lightly. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_MoloneyM1806V Title A name given to the resource Moloney, Michael G (Interview outline), 2015 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-05-23 Description An account of the resource Michael Moloney was born in Detroit, Michigan on September 15, 1967 and served in the United States Army as an artillery surveyor in the First Infantry Division. He joined the army in 1987 and trained at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. Michael was sent to Germany in 1988 where he spent a period of two months playing war games. He recounts the people he met and the opportunities he had to visit historical locations from the Second World War. After his time in the service, Michael enrolled at Michigan State University. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moloney, Michael G. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Moloney, Rachel (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Other veterans & civilians--Personal narratives, American United States. ArmyOral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf