72 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/885e798f2c5db0067998b6b186126e7e.mp4 1cdd1f854788cebb88093a4f27f244ff https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1958047fa059e72c78cd9f4dc12236a7.pdf 75c5a8c45ae94e2ce8396c0789cf95d1 PDF Text Text ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEW HARRY (BUD) BAXTER Born: Detroit, MI Resides: Grand Rapids, MI Interviewed by: James Smither PhD, GVSU Veterans History Project, Transcribed by: Joan Raymer, August 30, 2011 Interviewer: Mr. Baxter why don’t we start by telling us where you were born and what you were doing before you got in the army? I was born in Detroit and moved to Grand Rapids when I was about one year old, or less, and I lived here all my life. I went to the University of Michigan and graduated from Central High School and I went to the University of Michigan where I met my wife and I brought her home for a week-end and my mother fell in love with her, and I had no choice from then on, but to marry her. Interviewer: What did your father do for a living? He was vice president of the All American Home Security Bank here and moved to Grand Rapids by Behr Manning, abrasives [?] and he changed to banking after that. Interviewer: During what years were you at Michigan? I started in 1941 and I went into the army in 1942. I returned in 1946 and completed in 1948. 1:07 Interviewer: What were you majoring in? Civil Engineering, I’m a Civil Engineer. Interviewer: What made you decide to enlist in the army? Well, there was a pretty high demand and I was pretty high up on the scale as far as being drafted, so I just took the bull by the horns and enlisted. 1 �Interviewer: Can you kind of describe that process of enlistment and getting into training? The first and foremost thing they did is we went down to Kalamazoo, to the armory down there, and they had this physical inspection, so we walked around in our underwear with all these women around and that was strange. We were only nineteen years old and to have somebody—and from there I was transferred to Camp Atterbury, Indiana. 2:04 That is wrong, that was coming out, it was in Missouri, Fort Leonard Wood, so there you go. I went to fort Leonard Wood in Missouri, where I took my basic training and then I volunteered for officer training and was sent to Fort Belvoir, Virginia to do that. Interviewer: What was the basic training experience like for you? Fort Leonard Wood was the spot in the world where you could stand up to your neck and wasn’t choked to death on dust [?]. It was absolutely—the climate there was terrible. It was in the middle of the Ozark Mountains, but we had some good officers and we had lots of fun and learned a lot about shooting and how to handle a rifle and take care of it, and also, how to build bridges and prepare roads etc. It was really a growth experience for all of us; all of us had a good time. 3:14 Interviewer: At that stage where you already sort of directed toward the engineers or was this just something that everybody was doing, bridge building and roads? It was engineer training that I was in from the beginning. I don’t know how that happened, but I was in the pre-engineering school in Ann Arbor, so I think that started the whole thing going. Interviewer: Did the army; did you have to take tests and things to qualify or did you just get sent there? 2 �If you could read and if you could see you were in. Interviewer: You were in, but to put people into an engineering training kind of thing? I don’t think—they just selected—for example, a friend of mine was a lawyer and he was in a mule pack outfit cleaning out the stalls. In the war, you did what needed to be done. Interviewer: Let’s go back there to the training process. You were at Fort Leonard Wood and about how long were you there? Do you remember? 4:11 About eight or nine weeks Interviewer: What time of the year was it? I started in December of 1942 and got out in about March or April and then I went to Fort Belvoir Virginia and got there in time for the real hot summer. Fort Belvoir was not known for having cool weather in the summer. Interviewer: Can you describe your time there? That was ninety days of pure training. I mean, it was absolutely very rigorous and they tried to weed out the most men that they possibly could. They had very difficult things for you to do and learn, so a lot of the guys didn’t make it. It was just far enough into the war that the initial impetus was into getting officers. They needed more engineers and infantry, so they were really pushing for that. Fort Belvoir is primarily for engineering. 5:13 Interviewer: What kinds of training exercises did you have that were particularly tough? Triangulation—some of the guys had no idea of how to handle any kind of instrument for surveying, even rudimentary like we did in the army, so that was tough on some of them 3 �and another thing was map reading. I was surprised at how few people had actually never read a map in their whole life and here they are in the army in their early twenties or late teens and they had no idea how to locate themselves on a map. The first washouts were those guys, and another one was those that didn’t have any mechanical ability and couldn’t sense how things went together. They were interested—we had a tac officer that had worked on the Alcan Highway in Alaska, and he was a wonderful man. He was very interested in getting good students and making good soldiers out of us, good officers. 6:17 Interviewer: How much physical training did you get while you were there? Physical all the way, I mean long marches with full packs and PT every morning. Interviewer: Did you work with heavy equipment or mostly measurement and that kind of thing? We put bridges together, and we built bridges, floating bridges etc., how to put them tighter, so when we became real officers under combat conditions we’d know how to build them. None of us realized we were going to build them in combat. We just thought we were going to build them and nobody would be shooting at us, but that didn’t happen. Interviewer: When did you finish at Fort Belvoir? Ninety days after I got there, June or July, around there. 7:10 Interviewer: Where did you go next? I was stationed—sent to Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri---wrong, wrong; it was Camp Carson, Colorado. Camp Carson, Colorado, I stayed there and I was tied to the 171st Engineer combat battalion. It was a brand new outfit and Lt. Colonel Kesey; he was a 4 �Major at that time and was our commanding officer. I made some real good friends and correspond with them. I still correspond with the widows of some of the guys. Interviewer: What rank were you at the time? A 2nd Lieutenant Interviewer: And what kind of duties did you have or what were you preparing for? Well, we had these guys that were just brand new recruits in the army and we were teaching them to be soldiers, how to shoot and build bridges and how to build roads. How to do the things that engineer combat battalions do, so this was a brand new outfit. There was a 171st Engineer Combat Battalion and there was a 172nd Engineer Combat Battalion that was not assigned to Camp Carson and they were nearby. 8:32 They were the ones that when the Battle of the Bulge comes the Germans roll right over them. They were bivouacked. They just rolled right through them, and ten percent of the guys were killed. That was a tough thing. We were sitting four or five miles away and were completely clear, we didn’t get anything. Interviewer: We’re getting a little bit ahead of ourselves here; we’ll want to get there. Are there particular events or memories from out in Colorado that stand out in your mind or characterize the unit or the people in it? Well, we had good—I was just a platoon leader at the time, we had three squads, and it was really a growth experience for me too being young etc. The fellow officers, all of us had a good time teaching the guys what to do and how to be soldiers and take care of themselves. 9:27 5 �Interviewer: Did you have any experience with non-com’s in the unit or was everybody green? Everybody was pretty green, but I did have—the company I was in, the sergeant was from the Philippians and he had been in the army a long time and he thought all of us “shave tails” were not worth a darn you know. That’s the thing; you have to learn how little you know when you first start out in something like this. Interviewer: When did you leave Camp Carson then? We went on maneuvers in Tennessee and we must have gone there, probably, in about December or January. We stayed there for—the biggest thing we did there, that I had anything to do with anyway, was repairing a bridge that got damaged by a tank in a maneuver area that we had to repair. We had to send it into an iron works in Tennessee to get trusses repaired, but in the meantime we had to bolster it up from the underneath. 10:39 It was really kind of fun to do and fortunately I had some two or three men that were excellent carpenters and they were able to see what to do and how to do it. It was really a help to have guys that had been in construction. Interviewer: How large were the maneuvers in Tennessee? What size the units involved were, and what you were working with? I couldn’t tell you because I have no recollection of that at all. Interviewer: Big enough for someone to have a tank. Well, they had tanks and they had a whole division there on these maneuvers, and they were given exercises to do and we were too, but we were finally narrowed down to just repairing the bridges. 11:22 They got damaged by the heavy equipment going over them. 6 �Interviewer: Where did you go after Tennessee? From there we were transferred to the New England shore to embark for Europe. We landed in Liverpool and we got there. We must have gotten on the ship—let’s see, DDay was in June, and we embarked just about the time D-Day was because we were on the ocean when D-Day occurred. We went to England, to Liverpool, and then we were stationed down by London. 12:11 Interviewer: What do you remember about the trip across the ocean? It was the largest convoy in the war up to that point and then we zig zagged across and it took us forever. Interviewer: What kind of a ship were you on? It was a navy transport and it was the best ship of all. We had a miniature aircraft carrier and two or three destroyers and there, I’m just guessing now, twenty-five or thirty big freighters going with us. We had a couple scares with subs, the sirens went off and the destroyers were all over the place dropping depth charges. I don’t know if we ever got any or not, but sure scared the living daylights out of whoever it was they were after. Interviewer: What was the weather like on the crossing? Pretty calm, pretty calm, coming back was different, but going over was fine.13:04 Interviewer: What kind of experience did you have in England while you were there? Well, all we did there was get our equipment. We went over without any trucks or anything, so we had to get trucks and mortars and rifles, no, I guess we took our rifles with us. Other than that, pretty much, we had to get all our equipment and kitchen equipment. 7 �Interviewer: How long were you in England then? We landed on Omaha Beach I guess, thirty or sixty days after D-Day and thank goodness we didn’t go in on D-Day. Interviewer: When you were in England did you have to stay mostly in camp or on base? Did you get to go into London or see anything? Yeah, we went into London when we got a couple of short days off. We tried to get all the guys to do that, but when it got close to when we were going to leave, of course, all these were canceled and we had to stay right there for a couple of weeks. 14:15 Interviewer: What impression did you have of London at the time? I didn’t really see very much of it and I don’t recall anything other than it was a big town and I got to see Big Ben and the House of Commons. It was kind of fun just wandering around all the places that you read about. Interviewer: How much contact did you have with the English people while you were there? Going over I didn’t have any to speak of, but coming back—my wife’s father was born in England and he had a brother that lived over there, so coming back, after the war was over, I went and spent a week and a half with him. We just had a ball I’ll tell you, and as a result of that contact, we had some of our first cousins coming over and staying with us subsequent years, so it was fun and I made a contact. 15:05 Interviewer: You’re landing on Omaha Beach and at that point, what sort of a place was it? What did it look like and what impression did you have? At that time the floating dock was done. We went over in an LST, we went up to shore and landed, but by that time the underwater obstacles were pretty well removed and it 8 �was a cup of tea. The only impression I have of that is, we landed and there was, again I was just a platoon leader, and the beach master yells out, “Who owns this?” And there was a big truck, one prepared to put the floating—floats in the water to put a floating bridge across, a Brockway truck it was called, and he said, “Who owns this thing?” I’m standing there and I said, “it’s mine”, and the company commander of the next company over, a friend, he was a 1st Lieutenant, and he said, “no. It’s mine”, so the two of us sided and we kept that truck during the whole war. 16:15 That helped us a little bit time to time. His company used it some and my company used it some, so it was kind of fun. Interviewer: Once you landed then, what did you do? We repaired roads right at the beginning and then we transferred down to the—down south to the 29th Division to Brest. We didn’t do much there because a few days later Brest surrendered a day or two later, so we were just repairing roads etc.. Interviewer: After the surrender of Brest, then what did you do? We were with the 9th Army and then we started going east and we were up—the British were north and the 9th Army was meeting just south of them, and we were corps troops and General Gillem was the General in charge of the 13th Corps. 17:17 He was a civil engineer, so he had a soft spot in his heart for civil engineers, and he came over a couple times and met with us and talked. It was an interesting time to be—and we were loaned out to a different division if a division was going to make a crossing and they were kind of held in reserve, we were put out in front, so all the casualties would be ours and they would reserve their people as much as possible because they were an integral part of the division, but we were lucky, we had some casualties in bridge building, but not a great deal. 18:04 9 �Interviewer: Where were you building bridges? The summer and fall of 1944, where were you? The Len [?] Canal we built over and the Roer River we built over. We put troops across the Rhine. Interviewer: Let’s back up to the first time your unit goes into action or under fire. Can you just describe that experience? It scared the living daylights out of all of us. When people are shooting at you what are you supposed to do? You can’t shoot back because you’re working doing things, that’s a tough thing to do. Our guys really did well and our losses were—we lost a lot of men sometimes, but most of them were just slightly wounded and could come back. Our actual casualties were relatively small. 19:05 Interviewer: What kind of fire were you taking? Was it artillery or machine guns? It started out small arms and then the longer range stuff, mortars and artillery. Interviewer: Where were the American troops, the infantry, at the time? They were waiting to get across the bridge that we were building. Sometimes we would have trouble getting over and they would start building a bridgehead, so we would build a bridge before they got much done. Interviewer: Did you ever have guys that got over the river before the infantry got there? Our guys? Interviewer: Yeah No Interviewer: They didn’t send you in like Revolutionary War sappers then? 10 �No, the only thing we had to do sometimes, as officer, we had to go to see how many units of bridge we had to get yet to make a floating bridge we could cross. We would sneak over at night, or just at dawn, so we could see how big the river was and estimate how we were going to build it and where we were going to build it. 20:02 Interviewer: Can you describe the process of bridge building at one of these places? What did you do? The first thing we had to do was get a cable across the river. That was so you could tie all the floating sections on. Interviewer: How did you get the cable across? We usually rolled it across, but we used mortars on the Rhine because that was a big river. The ones in the canal were small things and we-Interviewer: Once you get the cable across, what do you do? Then you put the sections in one at a time and you put a cable through it up to the line and shove them out. The cable, of course, would sag and you would have to adjust the length of the cables connecting them, so you get the bridge straight. The cable would curve, but the bridge had to be straight. At least you hoped it was straight. 21:00 Interviewer: How long would it take to put up a bridge, say over a canal or something like that? Not the Rhine, but something smaller. Three or four hours with luck. We had one incident where a plane came over and dropped a bomb on us, and that scared the living daylights out of everybody and killed a couple of our guys, but once we got rid of the damaged stuff, we easily finished it up. Interviewer: What kind of equipment was your unit using at that point? 11 �We would get a M2 Treadway bridge rig. The Treadway Company would supply the trucks that would take these inflated rubber floats and put them in the water. Then you would put a saddle on top of them and they floated this way. The floats went this way and we were building the bridge this other way, so we had the floats going this way with the saddles on top and we would connect them with beams. It was all worked out and worked beautifully. 22:15 We had bailey bridges that we built on the Autobahn, and they were, of course, pushed across from the other side. You built enough over here to counterbalance what you did and push them across, so you didn’t have to go on both sides. The reason we had to repair the bridges on the Autobahn was because we had bombed them out, so the Germans wouldn’t be able to use it for stockpiling their equipment. Interviewer: Were you kind of in action or at work pretty constantly in the fall of 1944? In and out, in and out, we had a lot of road repair work. The 9th Army was adjacent to the British and, in fact, the Guards Armored Division of immediately next to us and at that time I think I was a company commander then. I was a 1st Lieutenant and then they made me company commander. 23:10 Then I—we would swap engineers or officers, we would swap out, we got a couple of their 2nd Lieutenants and we sent a couple 2nd Lieutenants up to them, and the one 2nd Lieutenant or I, from the Guards Armored division, British, that man, a driver, and he had he had a kind of small weapons protector with armor around it and a Jeep. So, he had two drivers, a Batman and himself. I said, “send all the equipment back and, you can keep the Jeep and the Jeep driver. Send the others back to your unit, we don’t use those kind of people here”. “No Batman?” I said, 12 �“no Batman”, which is like a Valet. He was just saying Lieutenant, so he was much surprised at that—an officer couldn’t have a Batman. 24:04 Interviewer: How did he adjust once he knew? He was fine, and he was a good guy. Interviewer: Where was your unit when the Battle of the Bulge started? Were you in Belgium at that point? We were in Holland at that point, I think, and that was the only time we had at all in foxholes was when they pulled out unit out and put a little company in to replace them and we were spread out long distances apart. It was scary, but the Germans were just as skinny as we were, so they were scared too. We did nothing, both sides didn’t shoot and if they shot at us we shot back, but we didn’t shoot very often and they didn’t shoot very often at us either. Interviewer: You were not in a sector where they were actually attacking? It was all up north, up towards the bulge. 25:05 Those guys up there really caught it, man, they were—they surrounded Bastogne there, the Germans did, and that was nuts. What was that general’s name? Interviewer: McAuliffe, now you were—what else do you remember about that time in foxholes there? That was one of the worst experience you can have in your life. You can’t bathe properly and the food is scarce and it poses problems as what to do. We weren’t there long enough to get a long-term adjustment. One interesting experience, we had a P51 got his engine shot out and came in and landed in front of us and didn’t have his wheels down, but he bellied in. We pulled him out and it was just as dawn was breaking, so we had to 13 �keep him there with us one whole day. He couldn’t believe how primitive foxhole living was. He said, “you guys live crude, this is crude”. 26:17 I tried to persuade him to say and spend the night, part of the night with us anyway, because our mess sergeant arrived about nine o’clock at night with a hot meal and he said, “no, no, just let me use your Jeep. I’ll just go back”, and I said, “ok, you can take my Jeep and my Jeep driver, but you have to take two other enlisted men with you and I want those three guys to come back all showered and shaved and with clean clothes”. He said, “oh yeah, that’s a deal”, so they came back about two o’clock in the morning all clean and everybody in the outfit went around smelling them because they smelled so good. Interviewer: Do you remember how long you were in the lines before you pulled out again? It wasn’t very long, maybe ten days. 27:05 Interviewer: And then what did you do after that? Back to repairing bridges and fixing roads. Engineer combat battalions are used for attack purposes, to build bridges and take assault troops across big bodies of water etc. Interviewer: Was that going on pretty regularly there? There were a lot of little canals and the Roer River, for example, that’s where they blew the dams out up above it, and it was kind of a small stream when we first looked at it, but when we went to build a bridge over it, it was a pretty roaring torrent because the Germans had blown the dams out up above. Interviewer: At about what point did you get to the Rhine? No idea when, that escapes me completely, but we—when the first Americans went across down south, there was a bridge that was left standing, Remagen, we were up north 14 �with the 9th Army against the British, so we were there shortly after they were there. 28:27 In fact, the sent several of us down to look at the Remagen bridge and we came back and I wrote a letter to Arlene and I said, “gee, I saw a bridge”, and she was able to surmise where I was. That was interesting, the condition of the bridge had been severely damaged by artillery, but they managed to scrape enough together to hold the tanks and get them over. It was really great. Interviewer: Can you describe your experience then in bridging the Rhine? We didn’t build a bridge on the Rhine. We started one, but somebody else came in to finish it, a big construction company. That was a huge undertaking, big stuff. 29:09 Interviewer: Once you got across the Rhine, what were you doing then? The same thing, bridges and roads, repair roads and build small bridges. Repair those over the Autobahn and the Autobahn went right—the course—the 9th Army was just about over the Autobahn and going pretty much along. I was amazed at that Autobahn because we had nothing like that at that time until Eisenhower, when he was president, got them in. We didn’t have a freeway in this country, other than the Pennsylvania Turnpike, I guess, it was the first. Anyway, I credit, we really copied what the Germans had done, and they were beautifully done. Interviewer: What else do you remember about Germany when you were there? Clean, the people were intelligent, well informed, and nice people for the most part, those that were not Nazis. The Nazis, of course, Hitler, altered their minds a good bit. It was terrible some of the things they did. 30:19 Interviewer: Do you remember meeting anyone who admitted to being a Nazi or still showing that kind of attitude? 15 �Nobody and if they were they never admitted it, nobody. They knew immediately that once Hitler was dead, that was it. Interviewer: Before the war ended you’re operating in Germany. How much resistance did there seem to be? Were there people in the rural areas that were still shooting at you or that kind of thing? Nope, it didn’t happen and once VE Day came-Interviewer: Before VE Day. It had kind of eased off a lot toward the end and the last couple three weeks were just a piece of cake. Interviewer: How far easterly had you gotten by VE Day? We got up to—we built a bridge across the river, and I’m trying to think where it was. 31:26 I can’t think of the name of the river now, anyway we built a bridge there and the Russians came and they were pretty cruel people, the Russians were. It was a horse Cavalry outfit and they didn’t like the fact that we were letting the German people cross the bridge, come from their side over to our side and heading back west. Interviewer: So, you’re far enough, so you basically made it to what later became the dividing line between the allied zone and theirs. I can’t remember the name of that river. Interviewer: Was it the Elbe? The Elbe, that was it Interviewer: That’s where you had your first contact, along there? Yeah, very good. 32:16 16 �Interviewer: What do you—about how many Germans were there trying to get across the river? Do you have an impression of that scene? Hundreds of them Interviewer: How long was it between when you got the bridge up and when the Russians showed up? Twenty-four hours, and, boy, a lot of people went across that bridge. Interviewer: What was there condition? What do you remember about them? They were all refugees leaving their houses and home trying to escape the Russians. They were scared to death of the Russians. There was some justification, the Russians really—of course it was a horse Cavalry outfit that came up first and they wanted them to stop immediately, but the troops came across and we negotiated with them a little bit and we kept it open for a while. Finally they got guys out there and anybody that was in the water was machine-gunned. They rode their horses into the water and they were—we weren’t used to anything like that. Interviewer: How long were you up along the Rhine? 33:17 Not long, and we transferred back to Paris, to Versailles. My job then, I was a captain at that time, and I was S2 of the battalion, and I was in charge of pumping out the cesspools in the Versailles area. Interviewer: What condition was that part of France in at that point? What do you remember about it? They were anti-American, most of them for some reason, and particularly the youth. You got a real thing; in fact, we had a couple officers that went out and were beaten up by the French kids in mobs. They were—we soon learned not to go alone in Paris. We were in 17 �Versailles, but we would take the metro in to town once and a while. In fact, I took lessons at the Sorbonne in French and had fun. Interviewer: What else do you remember about Paris at that point? 34:19 Very metropolitan and hadn’t changed a bit, but the French tried—anybody that fraternized with the Germans, they tried to get them ostracized for some reason or other, and they tried to blackball everything that they did. That became the same thing the Nazis were doing. Anybody who was a Nazi, nobody would fraternize with them, so it was interesting. They were trying very hard to get back to normal, and tough to do. The Nazis weren’t easy when they were occupying any area. They were very harsh. Interviewer: How much visible damage was there from the war at that point? There was very little, surprisingly. I don’t think we bombed Paris hardly at all and Versailles wasn’t bombed. I was stationed in the small stables for the palace there, that’s where my office was and that had been a school for French army officers. 35:28 Of course there was nothing in the castle because those painting and all the art work had been removed for safety and the gardens in front were not as well maintained as they were later on when I went over later, five or ten years later. It was kind of interesting to go back and see it subsequently. Interviewer: How long were you stationed there? December, and I got there two or three weeks after D-Day—I mean after VE Day. Interviewer: You went back across the ocean by boat, and you said that was not an easy trip? 36:25 We ran into a hurricane out there and we had to turn around and go back. We were in a liberty ship that was converted for troops. What they did was they put up ballasts on the 18 �deck and when we got these big waves the boat would just go to the side and hang and go back to the other side and hang because the load was not balanced. It should have been below, but it was up, and we had bunks down below, which were lightweight, and the weight was all up on the deck. Somebody felt very badly about that and the skipper said- and I happened to be on the bridge with him one time and he said, “captain, this thing isn’t going to make it, we can’t go this way anymore”, and we were bucking those waves, so he said, “we have to turn around and go back and I’m scared to death to turn it”. We were in a trough turning around and we took a long time turning around. He said, “if we don’t turn around we’re going to break the ship apart”, so we turned around and went back and we ran out of food coming, but we turned around finally. 37:23 It was an interesting trip back, but we made it to Newport News. Interviewer: Then what did you do after that? Were you discharged right away? I went from there to Camp Atterbury, Indiana, was discharged. A colonel was there and all we field grade officers, captains and below, were in this room, there were a few majors there as a matter of fact, and the colonel stood up and he said, “now gentlemen, my job is to recruit people for the reserves, and as soon as you sign up you’re free to go”. My wife was sitting outside with the motor running, and it was New Years Eve day, so this was ten o’clock in the morning and it lasted until two o’clock in the afternoon. I finally said, “what the heck”, so I signed up and that’s why I got called back to Korea. 38:16 Interviewer: One other thing that you mentioned before. Back when you were serving in Europe etc., there was a point where you worked with or you encountered a dump truck unit that was African American soldiers? 19 �Yes we did Interviewer: What do you remember about that or about that unit? Well, on the Roer River we were preparing to lay the gravel down and they weren’t filled with gravel, the trucks weren’t and I’m not going to say any more. Interviewer: They didn’t make any other impression on you they were just guys driving trucks? Yes, driving trucks Interviewer: Once you left the army, what did you do? I went back to school and finished college. By that time I was married and had a child. I graduated from the University of Michigan with a degree in civil engineering and I went to work for S.A. Morman Co, which he ended up owning and that’s the extent, but I did get called back for a couple of years duty in Korea. 39:23 Interviewer: Can you tell us about that? In 1950 I was stationed again in Camp Carson, so I went out there. We had just built a house in Grand Rapids, and we rented that out and Arlene and, by that time we had two children, and they came with me. We went out there and we had made some friends there from when I was there before and they found an apartment for us, so we moved into that. We stayed there until I went on maneuvers in Tennessee and then we went back to Camp Carson and then I was sent over to Japan and assigned to the 1st Cavalry Division's engineers, and I was a company commander there. 40:22 Interviewer: When did you get over to Korea itself? After about a month or six weeks in northern Japan, where the 1st Cavalry Division was stationed, the engineers were sent over to build POW camps. We went over there and 20 �built nine, or started nine anyway when I was there, but we finished only one or two before I left. Then I went back to Japan because they were concerned about the Russians. I don’t know if you know, but these Russian owned islands come down to the northern Japanese Islands and they were worried that they would come in and take over. They wanted to know the escape load and how much load the bridges would take. Well these things were built of concrete and they used straw sometimes to reinforce them, you know, so it was just a pure guess as to what they would hold. My reputation was made because the division commander, and I can’t think of his name right now; anyway, he was a general. 41:28 He would say we got to do this and this and this and said, ”Baxter you’re figuring out how much the lead capacity is for these bridges, what about this bridge right here?” I said, “Well sir”, I said, “if you’re going to put tanks over it, you should never send tanks over it because it will never take it”. This colonel, who was one of his commanding officers said, “I’ll put my tank over that, it will hold up under anything”, and down it went. After that everyone said, “if nobody objects, we’ll ask Captain Baxter to tell us how”, and that was kind of fun. Interviewer: What was your impression of Japan at that time? What did it look like and how were the people? One of the interesting things I did was, I went down to Nagasaki and took a look at that and that was really an eye opener for me. I flew down a couple times, down to Tokyo on business and in fact, I was going down one time and Shatoshi Airport, which was a Japanese naval airstrip. 42:34 It was twenty thousand feet, a long runway, and I was in a DC3 and so you got a stretcher, this was a medical evacuation DC3, so I got a guy sitting next to me, he was a corporal and he said, “you’re Bud Baxter, you use to live in 21 �Grand Rapids, Michigan, I lived on Orchard Hill, two doors from you”. He was about five years younger than I am, and I moved away from there when I was about nine years old, so I didn’t remember him. Here you are—you never want to do anything wrong in life because it will catch you every time. Interviewer: Had that happened on an earlier occasion where you met somebody that hadn’t expected to meet? A couple of times, I saw—we built a bridge over the Roer river and I can’t remember which one, and here’s a guy I’d known in high school directing traffic, he was an MP. 43:25 That was kind of interesting. Interviewer: what else do you remember about Japan? What was it like to be an American soldier in Japan at that time? Well we were in Shatoshi and Kyoko, which was north, and we had a real interesting time. When I took over Baker Company it had the highest VD rate in the whole division and the colonel said, “Baxter, get that down”, and I said, “yes sir”, so I cut off a—it turned out the captain I was relieving was going into town every night and sleeping with these gals, so when I signed for the equipment it was my Jeep then and I told the Jeep driver, “this Jeep cannot leave this camp ground without me in it, under no circumstances. If you want to remain a Jeep driver and a corporal, just remember that”. 44:23 “Yes sir”, he said, so that night the captain wanted to leave and go into town and he said, “I can’t do it sir, I can’t, Captain Baxter said I can’t”, and he came storming and said, “I want it”, and I said, “you can’t use my Jeep, I’m sorry, not for that kind of purpose”, and he got into town, but with anything that I supplied. Interviewer: Did you manage to get the VD rate down? 22 �Oh yes, I cut off all passes and leaves and we stayed right there and set-up the entertainment in the day room and I would bring girls in and they could dance with men right in the room, and guys were stationed at the doors, so nobody could go out. The girls all stayed in the room and then we sent them back in a bus, back to the town. Interviewer: Did you have much contact or communication with the people in the town or were you working with anybody there? No, somebody else did that for me, and I had no contact with them at all. 45:20 These were very nice young ladies for the most part. They were thoughtful and kind and good and they loved being with the Americans. We had Coke and ginger ale and no beer or liquor. We just really did well with them. Interviewer: What was Korea like when you were there? That was an interesting time. I had the occasion, one time, to go from Pusan up to Seoul on a train and I had a—it was an overnight trip, and I had this bunk assigned to me and I got in there and everybody said to be careful because those guys will come in and rob you, they’ll get in the train and come along. I had my billfold, so I took my billfold, and here I was down in my underwear, so I stuck the billfold in the elastic band because I wanted to sleep. I was wakened about 4:00 or 5:00 in the morning and my billfold’s gone. All my money, all my identification and everything, so I thought, “oh well”, because these bunks are short and for the most part the Koreans were shorter than we. 46:38 I was kind of not sleeping well anyway, so I said, “I might as well get up”, so I got up—our Pullmans use to snap together etc., but these were just loose hanging, so I open it up and here’s my billfold on the floor in the middle of the aisle. It came out while I was sleeping and I don’t know how long it had been there, but nobody took it, so it was 23 �intact. That was just pure luck, and in all the stations there were youngsters there who were begging. They were isolated from their families and lost their families, either killed or didn’t know where they were. They were just pan handling and wanted money or food, and I showed up there with a couple of sandwiches, ham sandwiches, with bread about that thick and a whole bunch of meat in there and I passed those out. I went up there without eating because those kids were desperate. 47:31 They were just purely begging and begging and ranged in age from four or five up to sixteen or seventeen. Brothers and sisters, and they would take the younger ones as much as possible if they knew them, and other than that, they were all on their own—tough. Interviewer: Did you see much of the adults? Very little, had very little to do with the Koreans. Interviewer: What did the countryside look like? It hadn’t been devastated badly. The 1st Cavalry was station up at the Touran Reservoir and the North Koreans and the Chinese ran them out. They came all the way back down to Pusan and they evacuated over and that’s when they went up to Kyoto and they were a beat outfit when I joined them. They were just in the process of getting rehabilitated. 48:33 Interviewer: The worst part of the war was over by the time you got over to Korea wasn’t it? Yes, it was pretty stationary when I was there, but we lost a couple guys though on a water pipe. When I went up on that train from Pusan up to Seoul, every other car was a flat car with a quad fifty mounted, so they could—because they got up in the hills on either side of the railroad and they would sometimes shoot at you and they would respond 24 �with those. That didn’t happen when I was on board, they didn’t have to, but they were equipped to do it. They had about three of those quad fifties, three of those cars. Have you ever seen a quad fifty fire? That’s a roar I’ll tell you, that’s a big blast of sound when you here one of those things go off, yeah. Interviewer: Is there anything else that comes to mind about your experience in Japan or Korea? 49:25 No, not so much, we did what had to be done. We built the POW camps, and they loaned me all kinds of bulldozers and graders and pans. Interviewer: Were you there long enough to see POW’s come in or were you gone by the time they got there? I had one interesting experience. We used the POW’s to build the camps, you know, there were 10,000 POW’s, men and women, because they had women in their army right with the guys. This one camp—there was only one POW camp that we completed all the way—we were going to transfer them from the temporary rolls of concertina wire etc., into this camp that we built and the rumor was that they weren’t going to move. There were 10,000 of them and maybe only500 or 600 GI’s around there, so they could have swamped us if they wanted to. 50:26 They might lose a few guys, but they were apparently willing to do that. Gee, I got to thinking, “ How am I going to get these guys to transfer the next day?” There was a tank outfit down the road and I went down there and asked them if they had any flame throwing tanks there and they said they had a couple of them, maybe three or four. I said, “I would like to borrow them for tonight and tomorrow”, and he said, “ok”, so I explained what I wanted done. We put one on each side of the existing camp and at night after it was dark, we had them shoot out some 25 �flames, so they could see what they were. The next day the tanks went clank, clank, clank, clank behind the guys when they walked to the new one and we didn’t have a bit of trouble moving them. Interviewer: What condition were the prisoners in and what do you remember about what they looked like or how they acted? You were there and did the work on the building so-They worked and they did a good job of wiring. We had to check it, but they wired all the connections. We put the wire twelve inches on center each way. We had to wire them together, each one of those sections, so the guys had to watch them closely, but they were pretty good. 51:40 Interviewer: In general, how did they behave and conduct themselves? Other than the one time when I heard the rumor that they weren’t going to move, they were pretty docile. In fact, the Red Cross provided stuff for them, sanitary napkins and Kotex and that kind of stuff, and the guys didn’t know, the women that were there didn’t know what to do with it and that’s when they would take it apart and make table cloths out of it. Interviewer: Then what did you do then, coming out of Korea? I came back home. No, I went back to Japan and that’s when I was assessing the load carrying capacity of all the bridges, because they were worried about a Russian invasion. That’s why I left before the troops did. 52:29 I came back to the United States. Interviewer: Let’s take you back to after VE Day in Europe and you were about— was there any rumor about you going over to Japan or over to the Pacific, building bridges or helping? 26 �Oh sure, we didn’t have enough points, you do that on a point system and we didn’t have enough points, really, to qualify for instant removal, we had enough points so we didn’t have to go there right away, over to the far east, but we had enough so they could have separated some of us and send some of us. All of a sudden VJ Day happened too. Interviewer: What was that like? A big relief. I think the dropping of the atomic bomb was a terrible thing to do, but I think we saved hundreds of thousands of lives rather than attacking Japan, no doubt, because the Japanese were prepared, everybody was prepared to fight, and every household would have been a fort. 53:41 I t would have been a tough battle, I thing, a tough battle. Interviewer: Also, I was curious—did you have any bridge failures while you were over there? Did you built a numerous amount of bridges, was there any bridge failures or—you were the guy to go and talk to obviously, if there was going to be a weight problem, but were their any failures that you knew of after you went to the next river or anything like that? Well, because what we did was we just built assault bridges and then they had another company come in from the rear echelon and build a heavier bridge for the bigger stuff. 54:23 The most we ever built for was the M2 Treadway Bridge and it was good for a medium tank Interviewer: The correspondence with your wife, were you married when you went to Europe, so you were married? What was the correspondence with you wife, did you get letters and write letters often? I mean, you were right up at the front or near the front and taking fire. 27 �I tried to write to her about once a week and she would write to me about the same. Did I tell you about the valentine? We had a child that was born while I was away, I didn’t see it until I got back here and he was sixteen months old when I saw him for the first time, but he—my wife, it was valentines day coming up and she took the bottom of his feet and put lipstick on them and printed them on the card and sent it over for Valentines Day. 55:26 I was sitting in my Jeep and I leaned forward, it was a blackout, and I was leaning forward using the small lights on the dash trying to see what it was and a mortar shell or an artillery shell, I don’t know which one, landed over there and a piece of shrapnel went into the seat in back of me, so by leaning forward I missed it. If I had been leaning back I would have had it in me. It was pretty well spent because it didn’t do big damage to the seat, but it would have damaged me, I’m sure. It’s where you were, you could be standing next to somebody and he will get killed and there you are in tact. Interviewer: Overall, how do you think the wartime experience affected you? Do you have things that you carry with you now that affect you? 56:11 I think my language was terrible when I got back. Lots of swear words and you—just because I was young when I first went in and you pick-up the language everybody else uses. It took a couple of years until I got back to—my wife was so sick of it and now we’ve been married sixty-three years with sixty-four coming up this fall. Interviewer: When you first went in, was it a major culture shock? Most guys go through an experience of the first time being yelled at, first time getting up at five o’clock? If you lived on a farm I guess it was a little different. I’ve talked to people who lived on a farm and five AM is no big deal, but was there a culture shock there at all? 57:05 28 �I never noticed, no, I just did what had to be done. I think the majority of us did that. You say culture shock—I think the ones that were most affected were some of the boys that were more babied by their parents and they’re the ones that had the real—I was at a boys camp and had been a camp counselor, so I was more accustom to the rough and ready stuff. 57:35 I think that made a—but in the majority, I don’t recall any serious problems like that. Interviewer: Thank you, thank you very much. 29 �30 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Baxter, Harry (Interview transcript and video), 2007 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Baxter, Harry Description An account of the resource Harry "Bud" Baxter graduated high school near the beginning of WW II. He went to college at the University of Michigan for a year, but feeling that he would soon be drafted, he enlisted in the Army. During WW II he traveled with other men where they built bridges and repaired roads so that the United States Army could move around through the area. Harry continued to remain in the reserves when his time was up and eventually served for a short time in the Korean War. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Veterans Video recordings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-06-28 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BaxterH Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/89c565bbb5db289adce73b3eb3639864.jpg 9d40ba5ec8f876f14b9e38a46f65d113 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_1361 Title A name given to the resource Bay class British patrol vessel Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Bay class British PF (patrol vessel), October 1, 1947. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy Military education Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Slides Great Britain Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-10-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5803a2427d1623bdd20b5b6114168e1e.jpg 671e1adfd8059780ed144856fc71d117 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_1362 Title A name given to the resource Bay class British patrol vessel Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Bay class British PF (patrol vessel), October 1, 1947. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy Military education Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Slides Great Britain Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-10-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0001fe8f7dc268a719cec91ba6524cf2.jpg a6fe8164ac7f016b052a0536a1b22c6d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_1363 Title A name given to the resource Bay class British patrol vessel Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Bay class British PF (patrol vessel), October 1, 1947. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy Military education Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Slides Great Britain Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-10-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1eac76c9d65ec4f32c0f5ac3c22af711.jpg 7c15e6259835eca4b8a6d797fd360fab Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_X693 Title A name given to the resource Bay class, Commencement, aircraft carrier escort Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Bay class, Commencement, US CVE (aircraft carrier escort), September 1, 1953. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy World War, 1939-1945 Military education Warships--Recognition Slides Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1953-09-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2a2fa14ae050403fbc1a95649a4f17ce.jpg 9738541a6b3cae506b5d7083eab7f55c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_I146-0006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-08-07 Title A name given to the resource Bayer Porsche Locomotive, Karlsruhe, Germany Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a Bayer Porsche Locomotive parked in a wooded area in the Karlsruhe Schlossgarten, or Palace Garden, the landscape park situated north of the Karlsruhe Palace in Germany. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Bayer Corporation Karlsruhe (Germany) Gardens--Germany--Karlsruhe Locomotives--Germany--Karlsruhe Parks--Germany--Karlsruhe Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e2c99fc4b10cef029b37dd66d1736105.jpg 0c3a8b7426fc929980cd5058d5467f47 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-LordB_Beach-Days Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1978-07 Title A name given to the resource Beach days Description An account of the resource Page from Bob Lord's family photograph album with four photos of a woman in a kitchen, children in a school recital, and people on the beach. The photos have yellowed with age and have "JUL 78" stamped in the corners. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich.) Families Children Beaches Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file collected by the Kutsche Office of History as part of the Stories of Summer Project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/095a0062fb4b11cfe9e9e078c09ed18a.jpg c0d5b4d81255f1fc3fa5a8346823e2e1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_EastmanAlbum_3_1911-1915_018 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1911-08-20 Title A name given to the resource Beach from shore Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of the beach at Macatawa, Michigan. Taken by Robert Merrill from shore. Water damage is visible on the image, which was scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Holland (Mich.) Michigan Michigan, Lake Beaches Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/002a253315d6d5aeca1ddf525c413556.jpg b28b96bdf31c653cb36d8c36118a98e0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-Heuchan_Beach-Fun Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 Title A name given to the resource Beach Fun Description An account of the resource Hand-captioned photograph of a group of twelve on hat appears to be a beach that are posed for the image. One man holds a child in his arms, and there are personal items strewn about. At the bottom, someone crossed out 1923-24 and wrote “Oops- says 1928 on back” and then the names of the families depicted. It also reads “Same location as #1.” Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Outdoor recreation Families Children Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file collected by the Kutsche Office of History as part of the Stories of Summer Project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ab901948c1426218f58a9e7b86dc3085.jpg 879d777d9a9a0ea7b1b024553d1f5348 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_EastmanAlbum_3_1911-1915_017 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1911-08-20 Title A name given to the resource Beach looking northeast from canoe Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of the beach at Holland, Michigan. Taken by Robert Merrill, looking northeast from the water. Water damage is visible on the image, which was scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Holland (Mich.) Michigan Michigan, Lake Beaches Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/381d33789f35529ce42228a78a0239c2.jpg e04ed6f6584ea0e57d1791989696d295 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_I101-0004 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-07-28 Title A name given to the resource Beach scene along Baltic Coast, Poland Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a beach scene along Poland's Baltic coastline. In the photograph, a family is standing on sandy concrete steps overlooking the Baltic Sea, and hooded beach chairs can be seen scattered along the beach in the background. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Baltic Coast (Poland) Poland Beaches--Poland Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/80e8919135bb98aa3f4311a5bd43316c.jpg b77902a65819569ab5103c0d318bfe23 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_I101-0009 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-07-28 Title A name given to the resource Beach scene along Baltic Coast, Poland Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a beach scene along Poland's Baltic coastline. In the photograph, a group of hooded beach chairs are scattered along the beach overlooking the Baltic Sea and a woman is walking the shoreline in the background. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Baltic Coast (Poland) Poland Beaches--Poland Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e793ec179ceec1c7decd0e830de1ea26.jpg 6d4f38b50852bf325f94729b9e05fb5c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_I102-0027 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-07-28 Title A name given to the resource Beach scene along Baltic Coast, Poland Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a coastal beach scene along the Baltic Coast of Poland. In the photograph, beachgrass is seen covering the ground leading up to the sandy shoreline overlooking the sea. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Baltic Coast (Poland) Baltic Sea Beaches--Poland Poland Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f3708b1ffadb9279fbd9cab50248a8fb.jpg 59bef1aeffb416c8f7f2ab7b748ea59d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-Heuchan_Beach-Umbrella Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1923 Title A name given to the resource Beach Umbrella Description An account of the resource Photograph of two women and a man on a beach in front of an umbrella that is taped to a piece of paper. The younger woman and man appear to be in swim gear, while the older woman is in a dress. Below, it reads: “1922-24. L. to R. “’Pete’ vonBrecht, Bertha & Charles vonBrecht.” Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Outdoor recreation Families Children Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file collected by the Kutsche Office of History as part of the Stories of Summer Project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/07ae194ebd466e293199212e012c1381.jpg 0c37d8eb6375c75286f0c5768886ad26 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/488f1bcd8903c4b43bd96146a623fad3.jpg f13768cfbb45aae583406f22ba76f2ba Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-70s-coll_0036 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Armstrong, Joe Title A name given to the resource Beachgoers at Lake Michigan Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a Lake Michigan beach scene in Saugatuck, Michigan. It appears to be a busy day at Oval Beach where people are sunbathing on the sand and swimming in the lake. On the back of the photograph there is a stamp which reads: "Saugatuck-Douglas Chamber of Commerce, Saugatuck, Michigan." In the bottom left-hand side there is a stamp which reads: "Joe Armstrong, Allegen, Michigan." Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas Chamber of Commerce Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich) Allegan County (Mich) Michigan, Lake Beaches Outdoor recreation Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the Saugatuck Douglas History Center as part of the Stories of Summer project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b25618f6542d1e5d0ae005acf4466c2c.jpg bb4790f6dfb611b656882531f0c1bafb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BeachnauAndrew Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Beachnau, Andrew Description An account of the resource Andrew Beachnau, Associate Vice Provost for Student Affairs Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College administrators Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6a3fafed4d7d0f193ed47a130628cf93.mp4 0bf630d2184762cf8001600391ef19f1 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/64ccc4b82ba54838eb9da34c5f1383d0.pdf f9c7aa2ce1e566c8b0b775b263bee010 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veteran’s History Project World War II Era Donald Beachum Interview Length: (00:25:37:00) Early Life (00:00:26:00)     Beachum was born August 23rd, 1927. (00:01:21:00) Beachum grew up in Benton Harbor, Michigan. (00:00:39:00) Beachum’s father was a schoolteacher and worked for 35 years. (00:00:43:00) In 1942, Beachum moved to Lowell, Michigan where he began his sophomore year of high school. (00:00:45:00)  Beachum’s mother worked at a bank. (00:01:06:00)  Beachum had an older brother who was in the service and a sister that was a nurse in the service. (00:01:32:00)  Beachum was very involved in his high school. (00:01:50:00) o He was very athletic. Played football, baseball, basketball, and ran track (00:01:53:00) o He was vice president of his graduating class. (00:02:06:00) o He had “a lot of good friends”. (00:02:12:00)  Beachum attended to Michigan State University after he got out of the service where he studied to pursue a career in teaching and coaching. (00:03:42:00) o Beachum’s college roommate was a prisoner of war for 4 years. (00:03:56:00)  After he graduated high school in 1945, Beachum went to work for a furniture store that he eventually owned. (00:04:10:00) Military Experience (00:04:18:00)  Beachum joined the Navy to avoid going into the Army. (00:04:24:00) o He joined with 4 of his close friends. (00:04:30:00)  Beachum went to New York for boot camp. (00:04:42:00) o Normally, Michigan service men would go to train at Great Lakes in North Chicago, Illinois for naval training, but men were sent to New York instead due to the breakout of Scarlet Fever. (00:04:47:00)  Many of the young men did not handle the Navy well, and were “upset” during their service time. (00:05:20:00) o “It was a trying experience”. (00:05:30:00)  “Boot camp was a training period where they were really rough on you”. (00:05:44:00) o “Gets you used to taking orders and whatnot”. (00:05:54:00) o The men had physical training, such as running, obstacle courses, and test of how long one could stay awake at night. (00:06:19:00) o They also had weaponry training, such as gun shooting practice. (00:06:24:00) o However, the largest part of the training was physical conditioning. (00:06:31:00)  “The food was pretty decent” at boot camp. (00:07:48:00) o Although Beachum did not care for the chicken, which was cooked in large kettles that sometimes still contained inedible parts of the bird such as the head and feathers. (00:08:01:00)  Beachum was stationed in Long Island, New York, at a hotel. (00:08:35:00) �o He remained there for roughly 14 months (00:08:55:00) o While there, he did secretarial work and frequently dealt salary disbursement. (00:09:10:00)  Beachum never saw any active combat, however nearly all of his friends that he joined with did. (00:09:30:00) o He and his group of friends later owned a small cottage in Northern Michigan where they would go for ice fishing retreats. (00:09:52:00)  “Very seldom do [my friends] talk about their experiences” (00:10:10:00) o When Beachum asked one of his war- friends about his experience, he said, “he was there 36 months and was shot at everyday”. (00:10:18:00)  While in New York, Beachum would call his family and friends at home because he was “never much of a writer”. (00:11:34:00)  Beachum never experienced any supply shortages while in New York because “the war was over while I was in boot camp”. (00:12:11:00)  Beachum had a cousin who was married to an Air Force Colonel. It was discovered on the day of his funeral that he was “a back- up pilot for dropping the [atomic] bomb” on Hiroshima, Japan in 1945. (00:12:19:00)  The men stationed in New York had a plethora of entertainment outlets. (00:09:30:00) o Beachum and the others were able to “go to 99 Park Avenue and get free tickets to all the shows”. (00:12:50:00) o “You could make a liberty in New York City with 50 cents”. (00:12:57:00) o The men were also able to play basketball, softball, go to the boardwalk that extended down Long Island, and go to the beach. (00:13:38:00) Post- War Experience (00:15:00:00)  Because Beachum had so many close friends that were killed in WWII combat, he tends to “get a little upset when I see these guys driving these Japanese cars”. (00:14:45:00) o Beachum says that he saw a man with a sergeant’s uniform on recently and thought to himself “by God, he couldn’t have been in service against the Japanese driving one of their cars”. (00:15:05:00)  When Beachum attended Michigan State University, it was right after WWII, so much of the student body consisted of young men who had just been relieved of service. (00:16:42:00) o The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, commonly known as the G.I bill, helped many retired militants pursue higher education. (00:16:56:00) o Beachum notes that those who went to college at this time were going for something serious- “it wasn’t playtime”. (00:17:02:00)  Beachum got married in 1947, while still in college. (00:16:42:00) o Together he and his wife had 4 children, all of which followed in their father’s “sporty” footsteps and were heavily involved in athletics. (00:17:57:00)  After the war, Beachum became a board member at the Congregational Church in his community. (00:19:15:00)  “Thank God I didn’t have to have more war experiences”. (00:23:29:00) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Beachum, Donald (Interview outline and video), 2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beachum, Donald Description An account of the resource Donald Beachum served in the United States Navy during the World War II era. Growing up in Michigan, he graduated from high school in 1945 and joined the Navy right away to avoid being drafted into the Army. Because of a scarlet fever outbreak at Great Lakes Naval Base in Illinois, he was sent to New York for basic training, and remained on Long Island doing clerical work for fourteen months before he was discharged. He did not go overseas or see combat, and was perfectly happy not to be shot at. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Fleet, Alexander (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Navy Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2006-05-31 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BeachumD1262V Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/698fe24b725688a16847343815a96263.mp4 abfc3f08739edaf798cf761591e31929 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/886aa2b623ea2f5a2c6a624433894a04.pdf b2f8e27cc549f5c7c9e559bfb8de7550 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans' History Project Norman Beachum World War II 1 hour 34 minutes 36 seconds (00:00:15) Early Life -Born on March 7, 1927 in Union City, Tennessee -Lived in Reelfoot Lake, Tennessee until he was 11 years old -Father worked as a guide at Reelfoot Lake -Had employment during the Great Depression, but it was limited -Moved to Evansville, Indiana -Lived there for three months -Moved to Missouri -Moved to Alton, Illinois -Lived there for six months -Returned to Missouri -Did farm work in Missouri -Father worked as the caretaker of a wealthy man in Evansville -Father did railroad work in Illinois -He was an only child -Had one sister, but she died as a baby -In 1942 the family moved to Grand Rapids, Michigan -Briefly attended Union High School -Moved to Muskegon, Michigan when he was 15 or 16 years old (00:04:10) Enlisting in the Navy -Enlisted in the Navy on March 7, 1944 when he turned 17 years old -Youngest that he was allowed to enlist -Father got drafted when he was 37 years old -Enlisted a few days before his father had to report for duty -Father spent the rest of the war working on bases around the United States -Not healthy enough for overseas duty -Sworn in on March 14, 1944 with 500 other recruits in Detroit (00:06:36) Basic Training -Shortly after being sworn in he and the other recruits were assembled in the street -Marched to the train station -Remembers an old couple running a newspaper stand at the train station -Pulled Norman aside and gave him a lot of magazines, comics, and candy bars -All of the cattle cars with bunks were full -He walked down to the Pullman cars and found an empty berth -Got to ride all the way to Spokane, Washington with his own room -Took three days to go from Detroit to Spokane, Washington by way of the Great Northern Route -Took two train engines to get them across the Rocky Mountains -Went from Spokane, Washington back to Farragut Naval Training Station, Idaho -Felt basic training would be an adventure -Lasted 14 weeks -Consisted of marching and following orders -Had a chief petty officer as his training company's commander �-Didn't have any trouble with adjusting to the discipline -Remembers a boxing competition being held -The intended boxer had to drop out, so he was selected to compete -A former professional wrestler in his training company gave him some pointers -After the boxing competition they went to the rifle range -There were 144 men in the training company and only a handful of the Blue Jacket Manuals -The men that shot the best would get their own Blue Jacket Manual -Thumbs were so swollen that someone else had to load his rifle for him -Even with swollen thumbs he shot well enough to win a Blue Jacket Manual -Won the boxing match -Had a lot of trouble with marching -On graduation day his officers had him sit out during the parade because he couldn't keep step -Didn't get into any trouble due to his inability to march (00:14:15) Assignment to USS Cumberland Sound (AV-17) Pt. 1 -Sent to the Navy base in Bremerton, Washington -Missed seeing the famous actress Henry Fonda by only a day -From Bremerton went to Tacoma, Washington -The ship he was scheduled to board was almost ready -Ship was commissioned on August 21, 1944 -He joined the USS Cumberland Sound (AV-17) - “AV” meant “aviation vessel” -Seaplane tender for seaplane pilots -Meant that the seaplane pilots would go out on missions then return to ship at night -His job was to stand watches, do work details, and chip paint because of the salt water -There was a complement of 1,077 men -Had boats to bring the seaplane crews from the ship out to their aircraft -Shakedown cruise was along the West Coast -Sailed down to San Diego where welders came aboard to do minor repairs (00:20:15) Voyage to Hawaii Pt. 1 -Will never forget when the ship departed from San Francisco bound for Hawaii -Believed that he would be one of the casualties of the Pacific Theater -Loved being in the open ocean -Remembers 20 foot swells -When the ship dropped it felt like being weightless -When the ship rose again it felt like you weighed three times your normal weight -When they pulled out of San Francisco he was standing in the chow line -As soon as he got his food he threw up -Only time he got seasick during his time in the Navy (00:23:50) Assignment to USS Cumberland Sound (AV-17) Pt. 2 -Stopped in Long Beach, California -Had liberty in San Diego -Unimpressed by the city -Found it to be dirty and dusty (00:25:46) Voyage to Hawaii Pt. 2 -Sailed from San Francisco to Pearl Harbor -Note: Set sail on October 28, 1944 -Great voyage from San Francisco to Pearl Harbor -The 1st Class Petty Officer he served under was a great man -Career sailor with 20 or 30 years in the Navy �-When they got to Pearl Harbor he gave 50 cents to Norman so he could go ashore on leave (00:27:30) Antiaircraft Ground School -Once the ship arrived at Pearl Harbor Norman was sent to an Antiaircraft Ground School on Oahu -Will never forget driving through the pineapple fields on his way to the base -Enjoyed the school -Woke up to music every morning -Informal -Received a lot of gunnery training -Worked with 20mm antiaircraft guns -Trained with .50 caliber machine guns -Worked on a 40mm gun on the Cumberland Sound before being transferred to the 20mm gun -Shot at tow targets -Tow targets were large, cloth targets towed by aircraft so gunnery crews could train -Every third round was a tracer -Enjoyed that part of training (00:30:10) Visiting Hilo, Hawaii -Went to Hilo, Hawaii for a day of liberty -Virtually nothing to do there except go into the bar and get a drink -Technically, he wasn't old enough to drink, but the Navy didn't mind -Believed that if he was old enough to serve he was old enough to drink -Provided that he didn't get drunk (00:32:25) Stationed at Ulithi Pt. 1 -Anchored in front of the wreck of the USS Arizona before they were underway -Not working with seaplanes on missions at the time -Liberation of the Philippines had begun -Sailed from Pearl Harbor to Eniwetok on December 1 -Note: Stayed at Eniwetok from December 13, 1944 to January 1, 1945 -From Eniwetok sailed to Kwajalein, then to Saipan, then to Guam -Arrived at Ulithi on January 12, 1945 -Could see other islands on the horizon that were 14 miles away -Fleet gathered at Ulithi three times while they anchored there -Could see nothing but ships as far as the eye could see -Anchored off the islet of Mogmog -Three or four acres by a half acre in size -Remembers the fleet building up for the continued liberation of the Philippines -Supposed to be part of it, but his ship's involvement was canceled at the last minute -Briefed on what to expect going into the Philippines -Afraid thinking about going into combat, but disappointed when it didn't happen -Wanted to be part of the force going to help liberate the Philippines -Stayed at Ulithi after the fleet departed for the Philippines -Tendered 36 seaplanes (00:39:47) Downtime at Sea -There was nowhere really to go on Ulithi -Remembers going with a group of men to gather seashells around Mogmog -A shark swam over to the group of men -While the rest of the men ran, he charged at the shark and drove it away -Remembers at Kwajalein a sailor bouncing unexploded shells off of other unexploded shells -Still has no idea what possessed that sailor to do that -One friend wanted to swim from Kwajalein back to the ship �-Mile and a half of swimming -Followed through with the idea and made it back to the ship unharmed -Wasn't much to do to pass the time -Didn't have much free time anyway -Remembers being so tired from sleep deprivation that he almost passed out (00:44:15) Work on the USS Cumberland Sound -Feels that workers like the welders had to do the most work on the ship -Noticed that officers and other men in charge rarely, if ever, got their hands dirty with work (00:45:17) Progress of War in the Pacific -Supposed to take part in the invasion of Iwo Jima, but those orders were canceled -Supposed to take part in the invasion of Okinawa, but those orders were also canceled -By the summer of 1945 the Japanese air force had been virtually wiped out -Had an aircraft carrier anchored next to them while at Eniwetok -Note: USS Cumberland Sound returned to Eniwetok on June 24 -One night, at twilight, a kamikaze hit the carrier -Saw flames leaping into the sky and ordinance exploding from the heat -A second kamikaze hit the airstrip at Parry Island to no effect (00:47:53) End of the War -Sailed up to Okinawa near the end of the war -Note: Ship pulled into Okinawa on August 18, 1945 three days after Japan's surrender -Remembers men discussing the atomic bombs -Sitting topside with a group of men when they received word of Japan's surrender -The other men believed that the end of WWII meant the end of all future conflicts -Norman was unconvinced and believed the U.S. and USSR would be at odds (00:50:38) Occupation Duty in Japan -Sailed up to Japan and arrived at Tokyo Bay on August 28, 1945 -A small Japanese boat guided them into Tokyo Bay along with American minesweepers -Had to make sure Tokyo Bay was clear of mines before the rest of the fleet arrived -Pulled guard duty at night -Feared Japanese extremists would try to attack the ship -The Japanese civilians in Yokosuka and Yokohama were happy that the war was over -Sick of the war and the bombing raids -Went ashore and engaged in some debauchery -Saw a Japanese Imperial Marine still in his uniform -Glared at Norman and his friends -Glad he was with level headed, mature men that decided to avoid confrontation -Remembers a sailor from his ship kicked over a glassware stand just to do it (00:56:43) Assignment to USS Gardiners Bay (AVP-39) Pt. 1 -Transferred to the USS Gardiners Bay (AVP-39) -AVP is a U.S. naval hull code for “patrol seaplane tender” or “small seaplane tender” -Sailed to Nagoya, Japan -Not allowed to go into the city -One, small bar the men were allowed to go to -Went to Hong Kong -Stayed there quite a while -Sailed to Shanghai on January 29, 1946 -Sailed through a typhoon near Formosa (Taiwan) -Had to patrol the ship during the storm -Almost capsized �-Small ship of only 83 men -Note: Ship's company was 215 men, but still much smaller than the Cumberland Sound (01:01:05) Stationed at Ulithi Pt. 2 -In Ulithi the fleet was building up for the continued invasion of the Philippines -He was standing on the deck of the Cumberland Sound -Remembers watching as a Polynesian crew rowed its simple canoe out to a burial ground -Forbidden for U.S. servicemen to go to the burial ground -Struck by the contrast of seeing the primitive boat and the massive, industrialized armada -Wishes he could have captured the moment on film -Image that will never leave his mind because it was so poignant (01:04:30) Assignment to USS Gardiners Bay (AVP-39) Pt. 2 -Went ashore in Hong Kong on the Chinese New Year -It was still a British colony at the time -Wishes that he tried authentic Chinese food instead of British food -Sent up to Shanghai -Sailed through the aforementioned typhoon, but there was no damage done to the ship -Saw the Whangpoo (Huangpu) River -Had to go from his ship to the USS Pine Island to go ashore -Visited the Army-Navy Club -Remembers he and two other men ordering a case of beer and steak & eggs -He only had two beers and the other men drank the rest (01:07:43) Coming Home & End of Service -Returned to Hong Kong and boarded a troopship bound for the United States -Set sail for the U.S. in April 1946 -Stopped at Okinawa and Pearl Harbor on their way back to the United States -Took a couple months to get back to America -Ship was carrying Chinese immigrants moving to the United States -Landed at Treasure Island in San Francisco -Given three days of leave -Returned to Treasure Island and boarded a train bound for Great Lakes Naval Station, Illinois -Volunteered for mess duty on the train ride -Got his own bunk in a Pullman car and got to shower daily because he handled food -Remembers seeing wheat growing in Kansas and it was the best sight he'd seen in a while -Discharged on May 23, 1946 (01:11:28) Life after the War Pt. 1 -Went on a date with a girl in June 1946 -On July 25, 1946 they got married -Had nine children -Lost one baby girl -Jobs were available after the war, but as production caught up with demand, the jobs dwindled -Got a job at a foundry as a maintenance man -Worked all week -Worked there for 27 years before he retired -Dusty, dirty, noisy, and hot work -Feels fortunate that none of his five sons had to serve in the Vietnam War (01:15:48) Reflections on Service Pt. 1 -Enjoyed the Navy and considered reenlisting -In a way, the Navy provided him with the money necessary to buy his first home -Played a craps game in Tokyo Bay and won $1700 �-Wired it home and saved it -Used $1000 for his wedding and honeymoon -Used the remaining $700 on a down payment for his first home (01:21:20) Life after the War Pt. 2 -Sold his first house and bought two acres of land and built a house -Moved into the house when it was unfinished, something he'd never do again (01:22:42) Reflections on Service Pt. 2 -Navy provided him with opportunities he would not have had otherwise -For example, made it through the 8th grade as a civilian -After the war took a test at Muskegon Community College -Considered to have the equivalence of a high school education -Could have gone to engineering school on the GI Bill, but needed to work (01:25:00) Life after the War Pt. 3 -Did plumbing work for a while -Went on to work as an electrician until the company went out of business -Worked in a machine shop in Grand Haven, Michigan -Had to look for another job because it didn't provide health insurance -His work experience allowed him to get the job as a multipurpose maintenance man at the foundry (01:28:40) Spirit of Grand Rapids/Talons Out Honor Flight -Went on the May 16, 2015 Spirit of Grand Rapids/Talons Out Honor Flight to Washington DC -Chance to honor and thank veterans for their service -Specifically veterans of WWII and the Korean War -His youngest son went with him, so he got to spend the entire day with his son -Saw the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier -Had a close friend killed during the liberation of the Philippines -Stood up out of his wheelchair to honor his friend and all the other men that died -Ran into his granddaughter (who lives in Washington DC) -Impressed by the Iwo Jima Memorial and the Korean War Memorial -First time he ever saw the World War Two Memorial or the Air Force Memorial -Flew back to Grand Rapids, Michigan -He and the other veterans were brought to East Kentwood High School -Greeted by thousands of citizens thanking them for their service -Saw a little girl holding a sign that said “FREEDOM” -Really drove home why the Honor Flight was done and what the war was about � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BeachumN1918V Title A name given to the resource Beachum, Norman L (Interview outline and video), 2011 Description An account of the resource Norman Beachum was born in Union City, Tennessee on March 7, 1927. After moving around the country his family settled in Muskegon, Michigan and on his 17th birthday he enlisted in the Navy (March 7, 1944). He took basic training at Farragut Naval Training Station, Idaho and after 14 weeks went to Tacoma, Washington where he joined the USS Cumberland Sound (AV-17), a seaplane tender. They went to sea on October 28, 1944 and sailed to Pearl Harbor where he received antiaircraft training. The ship sailed to Eniwetok, then Kwajalein, then Saipan, then Guam before reaching Ulithi on January 12, 1945. He was stationed at Ulithi until the ship returned to Eniwetok on June 24, 1945. After the war he was aboard the Cumberland Sound during occupation duty in Japan then joined the USS Gardiners Bay (AVP-39), a small seaplane tender. He sailed around Japan and China for the remainder of 1945 and into 1946. In early spring 1946 he boarded a troopship in Hong Kong and returned to the United States. He was discharged from the Navy at Great Lakes Naval Station, Illinois on May 23, 1946. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beachum, Norman L. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Navy Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011-02-08 Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3d3319f0f37035d392a24aeb9e2f42ed.jpg e93481deb20a1dd52ed02bf653abe28e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_EastmanAlbum_2_1909-1911_075 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1911-08-12 Title A name given to the resource Bear at Fountain Hotel Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a bear by the Fountain Hotel, Yellowstone National Park.The ground around the bear appears to be scattered with discarded metal cans. Subject The topic of the resource Yellowstone National Park Wyoming Bears Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8e41e4932d99a5fecbea083fc8a7b959.jpg c2edc298dbc4a1c6c1013bff338150f9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_1649 Title A name given to the resource Bear bomber Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Bear Russian bomber, March 1, 1956. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy Military education World War, 1939-1945 Slides Airplanes, Military--Recognition Russia Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956-03-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a6118a84136aada3ec32ed1244d5a914.pdf c2039573b38007b6a3855bfd046ed56e PDF Text Text Lakes to Land Regional Initiative Uni q u e Re g i o n . Uni q u e Co m m u n i t i e s . S h a r e d Vi s i o n Bear Lake Township Master Plan ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 6, 2014 . �[ T H I S PA G E I N T E N T I O N A L L Y L E F T B L A N K ] �BEAR LAKE TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN SEPTEMBER 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Township Board Vern Best Supervisor Deanna Pattison Clerk ALLIANCE FOR EcoNoMrc SucoEss Julie Griffis Treasurer Janette May Trustee Jeff Harthun B R CD Beckett&Raeder Trustee Planning Commission Bill Ringel Chair Cindy Zatarga Vice-Chair Kristie Harless Secretary Janette May Lakes to Land Leadership Team Representative, Trustee Floyd Bowling Planning Commissioner Zoning Board of Appeals Tom Amor, Sr. Chair Kristie Harless Secretary Jeff Harthun Trustee CHARLES STEWART MOTT FOUNDATION Neil Nystrum Richard Dansby Board of Review Vern Best Secretary Joan Krus Gary McBride Prentiss Ware, Jr. Zoning Administrator Vern Bowling Township Assessor Ginny Martz �[ T H I S PA G E I N T E N T I O N A L L Y L E F T B L A N K ] �Contents Glossary vii Introduction Participating Communities I-4 Context Regional Setting C-1 Natural Assets C-11 Transportation C-27 Regional Recreation C-39 Cultural Resources C-53 Demographics C-59 Dashboards C-67 County Plans C-77 Community Engagement Outreach E-1 Visioning E-9 Bear Lake Township People and Land History of Bear Lake P-1 Expectations P-5 Cornerstone P-6 People and Places P-13 Infrastructure P-23 Land P-31 Action Plan P-43 Appendix A i Appendix B xi Appendix C xli Appendix D lv Implementation Priority Sharing M-1 Collaboration M-9 �[ T H I S PA G E I N T E N T I O N A L L Y L E F T B L A N K ] �l a k e s t o l a n d r e g i o n a l i n i t i a t i v e Introduction �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode Figures, Maps, Tables 1.1 The Lakes to Land Regional Initiative Leadership Team 1.2 Arcadia Furniture Factory 1.3 Bear Lake School 1.4 Frankfort harbor entrance 1.5 Downtown Frankfort, 1940 1.6 Platte River Trout Pond rearing grounds before the state hatchery 1.7 A car ferry returns to Elberta, 1930s 1.8 Manistee Historic Salt and Logging Operations 1.9 Lake view from the top of Prospect Ave., Onekama I-2 I-5 I-6 I-7 I-7 I-7 I-8 I-8 I-9 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 1 Why a collaborative master plan? Residents of 16 communities along the State of Michigan’s northwestern coast have decided to join forces in order to commandeer their future and set a course to navigate their growth and development together. The purpose Michigan has never seen collaboration like this before. A project that began as five townships striving for better coordination has expanded into the largest planning effort of its kind in the state. Ten townships, four villages, and two cities have come together to define themselves as belonging to one cohesive region with the potential to become more than the sum of its parts. The unique formation represented in this report is designed to plan for the region while maintaining communities’ individual identities. By undertaking the collaborative master planning process, residents have discovered ways to work together as a united front, sharing assets and collaborating on ideas to achieve economic well-being and excellent quality of life. We can identify the role that our communities’ unique assets play within both the region and the state, then use that understanding to shape the future we will all share. The strategies • • • • • Develop individual master plans for each community that doesn’t have one; Identify regional collaborative opportunities; Identify cross-community collaborative opportunities; Develop community-specific and regional implementation strategies; Develop the organizational capacity necessary to implement the plan. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 2 What is a master plan? What is a collaborative master plan? “Master plan” is a serious-sounding name, and indeed it’s a serious document. Intended to provide a clearly articulated vision of the community 15 to 20 years into the future, it either succinctly describes persistent concerns or defines the development of the “ideal” community. It also contains a guide to achieve that development based on careful study of many factors, and it can be legally referenced in land use decisions. For the purposes of this planning process, a collaborative master plan is a document that contains an articulated vision, with defined goals and strategies, for the future development of a geographic area based upon input from members of more than one community. Basically, it’s the same plan we just talked about—now with all our neighbors on board. But before it’s all those things, a master plan is a dream. The process of master planning begins with dreaming about how a community could be a better place to live. Citizens gather and share perspectives on their community’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. We talk about what the physical spaces in a community mean to us, how we would like to use them, and what we could do to make them better. We consider the challenges facing us and the organizations we could enlist to help overcome those challenges. These are issues which must be considered for the success of any community, and the residents of the communities participating in this collaboration have decided to take it into our own hands. We know that unless we take control of our destiny, individually and as a region, our dreams may be left to debate. Planning at the local level is usually by definition limited to one community, but collaborative master plans have the luxury of erasing municipal boundaries to view the region as a whole. They are also synonymous with increasingly syllabic names like “regional strategic growth planning” or “regional asset-based land use development planning.” This collaborative master plan contains a “statutorily compliant” (see next page for legalese) master plan for our unique community, along with a regional component that seeks to understand collaborative opportunities, goals, and strategies. 1.1 The Lakes to Land Regional Initiative Leadership Team But...why? The benefits of having an updated master plan are that it will: • • • • • provide a point of reference for all land use decisions. prevent arbitrary or capricious decision-making. ensure wise use of resources. assist in preserving community assets. provide a sound basis for funding opportunities. The benefits of collaborative master planning include: • • • • • • • • facilitating partnership within a geographical region. providing consistency between communities. helping communities identify and shares resources. protecting land use types and natural resource assets that cross municipal boundaries. providing a well-documented and justified basis for funding requests. understanding possible opportunities to achieve economies of scale. capitalizing on existing assets. understanding how sustainability plays a role in maintaining a high quality of life for current and future generations. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 3 History of the regional initiative: What came before... In the beginning, there were five. As 2011 drew to a close, informal discussions among leaders in several communities had coalesced into a decision to forge ahead with a bold new idea: five neighboring townships would join forces to produce a cohesive set of master plans and implementation strategies. Initial assistance came from The Alliance for Economic Success (AES), an economic development organization serving Manistee County and the surrounding area that provides neutral third-party convener and facilitation services to develop organizational capacities and relationships. AES secured funding from the Michigan Department of Treasury State Economic Incentive Program, revised in 2011 to place heavy emphasis on coordination among communities, and the C.S. Mott Foundation. The beginnings of the Leadership Team were formed next and charged with the competitive bidding, interviewing, and selection of a professional planning consultant to guide and facilitate the process. The five original communities quickly found company. Neighboring townships which did not have master plans seized the opportunity to create one, and communities which did have master plans asked to participate in the implementation phase. Within eight months, the collaboration had tripled in size to encompass 16 communities, signaling a hunger for cooperation. The end result is a defined region with potential collaborative partners and the possibility for greater success. ...and what we did next The process of developing the collaborative and individual master plans began with the formal development of a Leadership Team. Consisting of representatives from each participating community, this team constituted the linchpin of the Initiative: members provided guidance to the consultants, acted as liaisons with their respective communities, and worked with their elected officials. Their first two action items were the selection of a name for the project and the decision to reach out and invite neighboring communities to join. Next, the new Lakes to Land Initiative, or L2L as it is affectionately called, launched a media campaign. The lakestoland.org website was developed, Facebook and Twitter accounts were set up, a centralized phone number was dedicated, and email addresses of interested citizens were collected to begin a distribution list. Press releases kept local news outlets updated, and postcards were sent to every taxpayer within the participating communities inviting them to the visioning sessions. Leadership Team members hung posters advertising the visioning sessions and met with citizens face to face—often the most effective communication method available. The visioning sessions, described in detail in Tab 3, were held throughout the summer in an effort to attract as many seasonal and non-seasonal residents as possible. Each participating community held a session, and two “make-up” visioning sessions were held for members of all communities who were not able to Making it legal According the Michigan Planning Enabling Act of 2008, the general purpose of a master plan is to guide and accomplish, in the planning jurisdiction and its environs, development that satisfies all of the following criteria: • • • is coordinated, adjusted, harmonious, efficient, and economical. considers the character of the planning jurisdiction and its suitability for particular uses, judged in terms of such factors as trends in land and population development. will, in accordance with present and future needs, best promote public health, safety, morals, order, convenience, prosperity and general welfare. It also has to talk about at least one of the following things: • • • • • • • • a system of transportation to lessen congestion on streets; safety from fire and other dangers; light and air; healthful and convenient distribution of population; good civic design and arrangement and wise and efficient expenditure of public funds; public utilities such as sewage disposal and water supply and other public improvements; recreation; the use of resources in accordance with their character and adaptability. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 4 Participating attend their own sessions. Visioning sessions were well attended, with some communities achieving over 100 individuals. At the same time, presentations were given to individual planning commissions and regional conferences such as the Benzie County Water Festival, and Leadership Team members actively worked at inviting their neighboring communities to join the Initiative. As the Initiative grew, it caught the attention of Michigan Governor Rick Snyder. Having recently begun a Placemaking Initiative connecting community development with economic development, Governor Snyder asked to audit the Lakes to Land Regional Initiative in hopes of developing strategies that could be replicated elsewhere in the State. Shortly thereafter, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources selected Lakes to Land Regional Initiative as a pilot project to assist with its own internal efforts in placemaking throughout the State. Meetings were held with representatives from Michigan State Housing Development Authority, Michigan Economic Development Corporation, and Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, all charged with helping Governor Snyder further the State’s Placemaking Initiative. Other pertinent organizations which attended the Leadership Team meetings included the Grand Traverse Regional Land Conservancy, Benzie and Manistee County planning services, Michigan State University Extension Services, Hart Leadership Development, and the Northwest Michigan Council of Governments. Once all of the communities had master plan drafts, about 60 leadership team members, trustees, planning commissioners, and interested citizens attended a “Priority Sharing” meeting to discuss their communities’ pertinent issues. The 69 submitted priorities were arranged into ten themes which could then serve as a basis for the formation of work committees. This process illustrated clearly the potential benefits of collaboration. A series of sessions was conducted during the master plans’ public period that focused on capacity building and learning how to work with funders to maximize opportunities for implementation. Communities which are developing a master plan as part of the Lakes to Land Regional Initiative: Arcadia Township Bear Lake Township Village of Bear Lake Crystal Lake Township Gilmore Township Village of Honor Joyfield Township Manistee Township Pleasanton Township Communities which have recently developed a master plan and wish to collaborate with regional neighbors on implementation: Village of Elberta City of Frankfort Lake Township City of Manistee Onekama Community and Township) Our 2011(Village performance was significantly better than industry averages in most categories �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 5 communities The Lakes to Land communities are situated along the M-22 and US-31 corridors in Northwestern Michigan, stretching from the northern tip of Lake Township in Benzie County to the southern boundary of Manistee Township in Manistee County. It encompasses communities east of US-31 but adjacent to the highway, then continues west to the Lake Michigan shore. In it are villages, cities, and townships displaying a range of character from rural agriculture to urbanized centers. Communities are adjacent to each other, have similar socioeconomic statuses, and share geographic attributes such as natural resources. All communities in the geographic area were informed of the Initiative and invited to join. Haven’t I seen you before? Some of the communities have previously collaborated together. Onekama Township and the Village of Onekama recently developed a joint master plan to facilitate the creation of one greater Onekama municipality. Pleasanton Township, Bear Lake Township, and the Village of Bear Lake attempted to create a joint planning commission and master plan in 2007. The communities in the northern section of the region have had an opportunity to collaborate by developing a regional trail system that spans a number of municipalities. Historical settlements Lumber and railroads were defining influences on the communities in the Lakes to Land region—many towns grew up around sawmills or train stops, nourished by the economic lifeblood such enterprises provided. As the fortunes of those industries went, so too did the fate of a few of the settlements. basswood, hemlock, and beech trees in the township, and the towns were gone by 1910. In Manistee County, the town of Pleasanton, also called Saile Station, had 350 people in 1870. Eight miles east of Pierport and 25 miles north of Manistee, it was home to bucket manufacturers D. and R. Lumley along with a furniture maker, a basket manufacturer, and a blacksmith. Timber, potatoes, butter, and sugar were shipped out. The little hamlet was complete with two churches, a general store, and a school superintendent. Stage travel went to Manistee, Benzonia, and Traverse City, and in 1917 modernity arrived: it had telephone service and was listed as a stop on the Arcadia & Betsie River Railway. Further up on the A&BRR was a little town called Butwell, at the corner of Butwell and Taylor Roads, and all we know about a settlement named Burnham is that it was just due north of Arcadia on the county line. Arcadia Township The Arcadia & Betsie River Railroad, terminating in Arcadia, had extended over 17 miles to connect with the Chicago and West Michigan Railway by 1895. The line maintained an influx of goods to the area and allowed crop transportation from the fertile fields of the township to the markets of Chicago. There was also a good market for ice, which was cut from Bear Lake and hauled by wagon to A&BRR’s Sorenson Station just east of Pleasanton Township from about 1890 until 1937. The Arcadia Furniture Factory on the north end of Bar Lake manufactured both furniture and fine veneers to be sold in Macy’s in New York City. The Village of Arcadia, originally named Starkeville after lumberman Henry Descriptions of two such “ghost towns” in Benzie County date from the year 1877. Gilmore was “located in Blaine Township on the shore of Lake Michigan, 12 miles south of Benzonia. Settled in 1850. Wood and logs shipped. Triweekly stage to Frankfort and Pier Point. George B. Farley, Postmaster and general store.” A post office in Joyfield Township, 10 miles south of Benzonia, was described as “located on a fruit belt, mail by stage 4 times weekly. Amazia Joy, Postmaster and Pastor of the Baptist Church.” In 1883 Lake Township, the town of Edgewater was established on the northwest shore of Platte Lake and Aral settled in near Otter Creek. A narrow gauge railroad was built to carry lumber from the Platte Lumber Company to Lake Michigan, with docks at the shore. The Otter Creek Lumber Company, founded in 1891, reportedly shipped extensive material for the rebuilding of Chicago after the great fire of 1871. Lumbering took most of the maple, ash, oak, elm, 1.2 Arcadia Furniture Factory Constructed in 1906 after the Starke Sawmill burned down. Photo: Arcadia Historical Museum. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 6 Starke, changed its moniker to match the township in 1870. Anne M. Dempster opened the post office in 1870. Just north of town was a notable “fancy house,” which soared in popularity when proprietors struck upon the novel idea of sending a wagon to Arcadia’s pier to greet incoming sailors. Bear Lake Township and the Village of Bear Lake The earliest inhabitants of the area now encompassed by Bear Lake Township were the Odawa, marking their legacy by leaving behind an impressive number of artifacts. It is thought a burial ground exists near Pierport’s artesian well, and a great battle may have taken place near “Brown town,” where farmers reported clearing their fields and discovering large numbers of arrowheads and even tomahawks. A silver crucifix found in the area and dated 1664 indicates early contact with Jesuit missionaries, perhaps even explorer Father Jacques Marquette. The first non-Native settlers included Russell Smith, who built his homestead in 1863 on the south side of Bear Lake with the idea of a future village and offered up 12 acres to anyone who would come in and start one. John S. Carpenter and Eliphlate Harrington Legend has it that Crystal Lake was formed by Paul Bunyan, a mighty lumberjack whose mighty big boot carved a footprint along the shore of Lake Michigan. took him up, building a small store, a boarding house, a steam saw, and grist mill before selling out a few years later to George W. and David H. Hopkins. The Village of Bear Lake was incorporated in 1893. On June 1, 1876, the Bear Lake Tram Railway began using horse-drawn freight cars to connect the growing village with the docks at Pierport, throwing the gateway to the rich markets of Milwaukee and Chicago open to full throttle. The last of the lumber soon slipped out, followed at close quarters by some early settlers including George Hopkins. By the 1930s, the freshly-cleared land had been put to use producing admirable quantities of blueberries, apples, and cherries. Many local families found seasonal employment on the farms, and the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians has noted the Odawa summer camp located along the shores of Bear Lake during the 1930s through 1950s. Blaine Township Blaine Township was founded in 1851 as the location of the Loyed & Thomas sawmill near Herring Lake. But its raison d’etre didn’t last long: an unusually high water level in 1862 destroyed the dam across the creek, lowering Upper Herring Lake’s water level by three feet and rendering the mill unsalvageable. Despite this setback, the township continued to grow, and its official organization in 1.3 Bear Lake School 1867 included the area that is now Gilmore Township. A large commercial fishery founded by John Babinaw ½ mile south of lower Herring Lake shipped thousands of tons of whitefish, herring, and trout to Chicago and Milwaukee. Crystal Lake Township Legend has it that Crystal Lake was formed by Paul Bunyon, a mighty lumberjack whose mighty big boot carved a footprint along the shore of Lake Michigan. The township that bears its name is not only the oldest in Benzie County, but predates the county itself by four years. Organized in 1859, Crystal Lake Township’s vast area included nearly the entire county. The township’s population expanded steadily, especially after the Homestead Act of 1862. One settler who stayed to raise a family was Hiram M. Spicer, a former school teacher who contracted typhus while serving in the Federal Army from 1863 to 1865 and may have moved to northern Michigan to avail himself of its renowned healthful air. Spicer became an accomplished horticulturist, and his 21-acre farm produced abundant quantities of peaches, apples, grapes, and cherries. He also served as Township Supervisor from 1874 until at least 1884. He helped construct a harbor, provided most of the harbor’s pilings, and was twice nominated for the state legislature. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 7 City of Frankfort A Michigan Historical Marker on the north side of the channel connecting Betsie Lake with Lake Michigan proclaims a piece of Frankfort’s earliest history: it may have been the site where the famed Father Marquette died in 1675. In 1852, Joseph Oliver bought 14 acres between Lake Aux Becs Scies—French for “of sawbill ducks”—and Lake Michigan to become the first settler of what would become Frankfort. Three years later, a schooner owned by investor George W. Tifft from Cleveland blew into the little-known harbor seeking refuge from a storm; Tifft promptly bought a thousand acres surrounding the lake and sold it to a development company from Detroit. The first township meeting of the original, massive Crystal Lake Township was held in Frankfort in 1859, and the town became Benzie’s county seat ten years later. By 1867, the United States government had taken notice of the Aux Becs Scies harbor and commenced improvements. Former Congressman and Montana territorial governor Jim Ashley capped off the northwestern journey of his Ann Arbor Railroad with the 1892 purchase of a small local line that connected it to Lake Michigan at Frankfort, and then the company built the lavish 250-room Royal Frontenac Hotel to attract tourists by both rail and water. 1.4 Frankfort harbor entrance 1.5 Downtown Frankfort, 1940 Village of Honor About the first of April, 1885, Guelph Patent Cask Company foreman E.T. Henry arrived on the grounds with a crew of men and a small portable sawmill and began to clear a place for a set of camps, naming the settlement “Honor” in compliment to the baby 1.6 Platte River Trout Pond rearing grounds before the state hatchery �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 8 daughter of Guelph general manager J.A. Gifford. Hardly a quarter-century later, the 600-resident village was made the county seat by popular vote and later became the site of a wellknown and heavily attended annual reunion of Civil War vets (probably due in part to the name of the town—what veteran’s group wouldn’t want to meet in Honor?). The Seymour and Peck Company, successor to the Guelph Patent Cask Company, shipped veneer to Chicago while the Desmond Chemical Company Plant at Carter Siding converting cordwood into charcoal, alcohol, acetate and other wood derivatives. In 1953, Honor saw the opening of the Cherry Bowl DriveIn Theater, now lovingly restored and one of the oldest continually operating drive-in theaters in America, and Coho salmon were introduced to the area in 1966 through the Platte River Fish Hatchery. 1.7 A car ferry returns to Elberta, 1930s local sawmill, built in 1872, and James Gillmore, Benzie County’s first newspaper publisher and the gentleman for whom the township was named. The home of a sawmill, a broom handle factory, and Frankfort Furnace, it shipped out wood, lumber, handles, bark, and pig iron. In 1887, the United States Coast Guard installed a Life-Saving Station on Elberta’s Lake Michigan shore that operated for nearly 50 years until a larger new facility was built about a half mile away. Gilmore Township and the Village of Elberta At just 7.25 square miles, Gilmore Township is the smallest in Michigan. The area was first settled in 1855 by Joseph Robar and John B. Dory, and the first improvements to Gilmore Township’s harbor on beautiful Betsie Bay occurred in 1859. The harbor was deepened and piers were constructed; these proved vital to the fledgling settlement’s future growth, which would depend heavily upon the shipping industry. In 1892, the Ann Arbor Railroad launched the world’s first carferry service from Betsie Bay. Rail cars carrying lumber, coal, and grain now had a rapid shortcut to the shores of Wisconsin. Joyfield Township Reverend Amariah Joy, a Baptist minister from Putney, Vermont, filed Benzie County’s first homestead claim on July 11, 1863 and quickly discovered the realities of life in the wilderness: few people and even fewer roads. But he and his wife Frances settled their homestead of 160 acres and Joy went on to become the first Elberta, the only village in Gilmore Township, was first settled in 1855. Early luminaries include L.W. Crane, lumberman and founder of the 1.8 Manistee Historic Salt and Logging Operations . . ,-~ L - •.' .. L .. . Unless otherwise noted, historical photos are from the UpNorth Memories online collection by Don Harrison stores.ebay.com/UpNorth-Memories-Collection �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 9 postmaster and then supervisor of the township that bears his name. He was succeeded first by his son and a year later by Charles H. Palmer, a New York teacher who had traveled to Ecuador and California before enlisting in the Civil War. After the war, Palmer made his Michigan homestead claim in November 1866 and resumed teaching while he cleared his land for planting. Eventually his farm boasted a respectable 30 cultivated acres, including 1,500 fruit trees and a unique specialty in nut cultivation. Lake Township The Platte River Campground at M-22 on the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore has a looooong history: artifacts dating from the period between 600 BC and 1640 AD suggest a little settlement, smaller than a village, in which Natives used the area on a seasonal basis “actually very much like what campers are doing today.” By 1873, the corner of Michigan made up of forests, the lower Platte River, Otter Creek, Bass Lake, Otter Lake, Long Lake, Platte Lake, Little Platte Lake, Loon Lake (originally Round Lake), and part of Crystal Lake became known quite fittingly as Lake Township. The lighthouse at Point Betsie was lit in 1858, and Alonzo J. Slyfield served for 22 years as its keeper. As the lumber boom wound down at the turn of the century, resorts became the other economic staple for fishing, hunting, and summer guests. Chimney Corners opened in 1910, and Crystal Downs—known as one of the best golf courses in the US—was established in 1927. 1.9 Lake view from the top of Prospect Ave., Onekama City of Manistee The name “Manistee” is from an Ojibwa word first applied to the principal river of the county. The derivation is not certain, but it may be from ministigweyaa, “river with islands at its mouth.” Other sources claim that it was an Ojibwe term meaning “spirit of the woods.” In 1881, salt was discovered beneath Manistee and another industry was born. By 1885, there were forty sawmills operating and by the end of the century the population reached 14,260. Manistee claimed to have more millionaires per capita than any other city in the United States. They also had city-provided fire protection, a parks department, water, sewer and street lighting. In 1841, the John Stronach family constructed a sawmill on Manistee Lake and later another on the Manistee River. By 1849, more settlers were arriving and the reservation was dismantled, with land given to settlers. The city was set back in 1871 when a fire swept through and destroyed over one-half of the city’s buildings. Much was rebuilt, this time of brick. After 150 years Manistee County has both changed and remained the same. The early boom years of lumbering and exhaustive agriculture have evolved into a stable, diversified industrial base and a top fruit-producing agricultural center. It is the beauty and natural wonder that abounds in the region’s forests, lakes and rivers that remain a constant factor and will always make Manistee County a special place to live and visit. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 1 0 Manistee Township the wooded acres along Portage Lake would be ideal. The area was known to settlers as early as 1840 by its Odawa name, onekamenk, or “portage.” Although its inhabitants called it by its English name for a time, there was another Portage, Michigan and the townspeople voted for a reversion to its historic name of Onekama in 1871. Though the lumber industry was crucial to early development, sawmills and citizens didn’t always mix. Residents fed up with the unnaturally high water areas were now open to settlement, and the town largely relocated. Although Manistee County was “set off” as early as 1840, giving it a name and Pleasanton Township a geographic region, it wasn’t officially “organized” until the state legislature Perhaps it was the verdant fields and divided it into three townships in 1855: forests that attracted George B. Pierce, Stronach, Brown, and Manistee. The a retired minister seeking a healthy tax rolls of that year showed over half atmosphere on a new frontier, to what the county’s valuation in Manistee was then Brown Township in 1863. Township, situated along the Lake When Pleasanton was established Michigan shoreline and host to the separately the following year, he Manistee River’s westward journey into became its first postmaster. By 1870, Manistee Lake. Pleasanton Two sawmills Township was with surrounding home to 65 dwellings lined families, the first By one account, a reveler at a the lake and shop and school eventually were established, celebration of the new post office took grew into the and the first communities of sawmill would the occasion to hitch his ox to a log Eastlake and arrive in 1871. Parkdale. The As settlement in the dam and pull it out, lowering adjacent farms surrounding Bear were among the Lake grew just the level of Portage Lake within a few most successful a mile south of in the county, the township’s hours and washing much of old Portage in part because border, residents of the ready took advantage of out to Lake Michigan. market in the new markets for nearby city. local timber and The Manistee forest products. National Forest Life became brushes the increasingly southeast corner of the township, levels in Portage Lake, raised to power civilized for Pleasanton’s inhabitants. blanketing the land south of the Manistee the sawmill, took matters into their own By 1880, the community would boast River and about two miles inland of hands. By one account, a reveler at a two schools, a public library, a fenced Eastlake with trees regrown in the wake celebration of the new post office took cemetery, and two churches. A local of the logging industry. the occasion to hitch his ox to a log resident was quoted in August 1877 in the dam and pull it out, lowering as saying, “[W]hoever chronicles the the level of Portage Lake within a history of Pleasanton ten years hence Onekama Township few hours and washing much of old will no doubt inform the world that it is When Adam Stronach sought a place Portage out to Lake Michigan. Portage one of the most flourishing towns in the to build a sawmill in 1845, he knew Creek dried out, previously submerged State of Michigan.” �l a k e s t o l a n d r e g i o n a l i n i t i a t i v e Context �Figures, Maps, Tables 2.1 Area of influence map C-2 2.2 The regional view from Google Earth C-3 2.3 Table of community types C-4 2.4 Regional location map C-5 2.5 Transect map C-6 2.6 Lakes to Land transect typology C-8 2.7 Land cover map C-12 2.8 Agricultural land cover C-13 2.9 Topography and bathymetry of Frankfort C-14 2.10 Topography and bathymetry map C-15 2.11 Slopes map C-16 2.12 View from Inspiration Point, Blaine C-17 2.13 Traveling water C-18 2.14 Watersheds map C-19 2.15 Wetlands map C-20 2.16 Arcadia Marsh restoration project C-21 2.17 Table of wetlands acreage C-21 2.18 Lookout at Sleeping Bear Dunes C-22 2.19 Protected lands map C-23 2.20 Critical dunes map C-24 2.21 Sleeping Bear Dunes C-25 2.22 Road classifications map C-28 2.23 Auto trail signs C-29 2.24 Historical snow plowing in Manistee C-30 2.25 Vehicle traffic volume map C-31 2.26 Marine ports map C-32 2.27 Freighter departure C-33 2.28 The John D. Dewar Approaches an Arcadia Dock C-34 2.29 Operable railroad tracks map C-35 2.30 Aviation map C-36 Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am 2.31 Frankfort Cinema TG 1-A C-37 Parks and recreation map doubtful material has denoting suitable C-41she two. friendship no2.32 inhabiting. Goodness 2.33 Campgrounds map mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode C-42 2.34 Orchard Beach State Park in Manistee Township C-43 2.35 Table of boating economic impacts C-44 2.36 Bear Lake boat launch circa 1920s C-44 2.37 Boat launch ramps map C-45 2.38 Lands open to public hunting map C-46 2.39 Jake turkeys in Onekama C-47 2.40 Table of hunting licenses sold by year C-47 2.41 Benthic macroinvertebrates C-48 2.42 Steelhead trout C-48 2.43 Trout locations map C-49 2.44 Recreational trails map C-50 2.45 Table of trail miles C-51 2.46 Historic sites map C-54 2.47 Historic site photos C-55 2.48 Lighthouse photos C-56 2.49 Lighthouses map C-57 2.50 Table of population, households, and housing units C-61 2.51 Table of median ages and ages 65+ C-62 2.52 Age graphs C-63 2.53 Median income comparison C-64 2.54 Educational attainment comparison C-64 2.55 Educational attainment, income, and unemployment C-65 2.56 Benzie County dashboard C-68 2.57 Manistee County dashboard C-70 2.58 State of Michigan dashboard C-72 2.59 United States dashboard C-74 2.60 County Plan summary table C-80 by Dear �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 Regional Setting Located a little over one hour southwest of Traverse City and two hours north of Muskegon, the Lakes to Land region sits nestled along the shores of Lake Michigan. Accessible from the north or south by M-22 and US-31, and from the east or west by M-55 and M-115, smaller county roads traversing its interior pass through fruit farms, small towns, and scenic vistas. Although the regional setting of this collaborative master plan is diverse, the communities within it share similar topography, land uses, and economic bases along with a fierce sense of place. Many know the area as unique, peaceful, and possessing a tranquility unparalleled in Michigan. Bluffs beckon from the shores of Lake Michigan with an invitation to stop and watch the amber sunsets over turquoise water. Inland lakes dot the area, some providing safe harbor from Lake Michigan for small craft use. An urban feel can be found in the more heavily populated villages and cities which make up the northern and southern portions of the region. Fine restaurants, nightlife, culture, and entertainment are plentiful. Seasonal and permanent residents alike find hospitality and fellowship. The region’s diverse economic base is comprised of small mom and pop stores, larger retail outlets, and light manufacturing. Between the urban areas to the north and south lies the agricultural stretch of the regional economy. Fruit farms growing apples, cherries, raspberries, blueberries, and plums are plentiful; other products include maple sugar, honey, corn, and general produce. Agricultural enterprises come in all types and sizes, from non-operative acreage to organic farms to large-scale production. A growing number of farms participate in Farm To Table endeavors such as Farmer’s Markets, roadside stands, U-Pick and Community Supported Agriculture arrangements. Healthcare institutions are found in both the northern and southern portion of the geographical range, and smaller urgent care facilities dispersed throughout the core of the region. Tourism and eco-tourism are important parts of the economy as the region’s assets invite visitors to play and relax. Technology has allowed an increasing number of individuals to select the region as home and then define or continue their method of employment, making home occupations important to many. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann I Ho mestead livp. Beulah Elberta L e k a M ic g hi I Benzonia ·-·--------~- an BENZIE CO. Frankfort 1 GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Crystal Lake WEXFORD CO. -i--- ----- -7- Platt Lake I - : 'I' Colfax 1\vp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Springdale 'l\vp. Cleon 'l\,•p. Bear Lake - - - - - - - - - -1. Bear Lake Maple Gi-ove 1\vp. Onekama M~1ill~ 'fwp, Llcar Lake 'J\vp. Kaleva Portage Lake Brown Twp. l I Dkkso n 1\vp. I I ' I I Manistee --- --- --- --- --f-- -- ------ ------ -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - Eastlake Norman 'l\vp, Suunach Twp. MANISTEE CO. • MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND MANISTEE CO. LAKE CO. 0 Area of Influence J 2 4 8 Miles 2.1 Area of influence map • Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library ---. Area of Influence "---- Participating Communities ,I I CJ CJ Master Plan Complete CJ City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road B R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 Area of influence At the inception of the collaboration, the initial communities agreed to focus on a general geographic area which possessed similar qualities and faced comparable issues regarding land use and policy. As discussed in Tab 1, formation of the Lakes to Land collaboration did not happen all at once­. Seeds of this capacity to work together were planted during the writing of the Onekama-based Portage Lake Forever Watershed Plan: the township and the village came together so well that they wrote an award-winning master plan covering the entire “Onekama Community.” On a roll, they then formed a Community Development Committee and began to investigate the possibility of Scenic Heritage Route designation for route M-22. This brought them outside the township’s borders and to the immediate discovery that the “M-22 communities” of Arcadia, Blaine, Gilmore, Crystal Lake, and Bear Lake were not only ready to collaborate but had plans of their own in mind. 2.2 The regional view from Google Earth Platte Lake and Crystal Lake to the north, US-31 running down the east, Portage Lake to the south, and Lake Michigan in the west. Taking a “the more, the merrier” approach, the original communities knew that they would be inviting their neighbors to join them. How, then, to strike a balance between inclusivity and manageability? Taking a cue from collaborative successes already achieved, they decided to focus on the features that had already paved the way for working together: water and transportation. This meant concentrating on the Lake Michigan shoreline communities and those adjacent to them, through which US-31 runs. Taken together, the leadership team referred to these as the collaboration’s “Area of Influence.” As we have seen, that strategy was a success. All but four of the townships signed on, and one village (Honor) decided to come on board even without its surrounding township. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 Regional location Most of the communities within Benzie and Manistee Counties situated along the Lake Michigan shoreline are participating in the Initiative, along with several inland communities. The initiative includes ten townships, four villages, and two cities. One of those villages – Honor – joined without the participation of surrounding Homestead Township. Manistee Township is participating without one of the two incorporated municipalities within it, the village of Eastlake. With those exceptions, every township is participating along with the incorporated municipalities within them. Crystal Lake Township is participating along with the city of Frankfort, Gilmore Township along with the village of Elberta, Bear Lake Township along with the village of Bear Lake, and the “Onekama community” of Onekama Township and the village of Onekama. The other participants are townships with no incorporated cities or villages within them: Lake, Blaine, and Joyfield Townships in Benzie County, and Arcadia and Pleasanton Townships in Manistee County. The narrative of this report consistently refers to these sixteen communities: 2.3 Table of community types Benzie County Blaine Crystal Lake Township Gilmore Joyfield Lake Manistee County Arcadia Bear Lake Manistee Onekama City Pleasanton Benzie County City of Frankfort Manistee County City of Manistee Village Benzie County Elberta (Gilmore Twp) Honor (Homestead Twp) Manistee County Bear Lake (Bear Lake Twp) Onekama (Onekama Twp) �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 5 LEELANAU CO. BENZIE CO. Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Crystal Lake Twp. Elberta L e k a M h ic i Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Manistee Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Manistee Eastlake Filer Twp. Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND Regional Location LAKE CO. -- 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.4 Regional location map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library CJ Participating Communities CJ City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road S R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. '; Honor Frankfort Elberta La ke M i i h c Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Benzonia Twp. - GRAND TRAVERSE CO. I MANISTEE CO. Platt Lake WEXFORD CO. I -- -- -- -- -- - - Crystal Lake Village of Honor Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Weldon Twp. Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Colfax Twp. 0 2,100 4,200 Feet Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. r'""'- r Bear Lake Bear Lake ,I __ \:_-- I - '-- - - - -- I - ~-- - Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake '. Manistee Filer Twp. Manistee Twp. Eastlake _!~ ~ Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. ~J • ... - - - - - t ~ - - - -1 ~ ------------Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. • MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND Regional Transect MANISTEE CO. LAKE CO. 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.5 Transect map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDNR, Benzie and Manistee County Equilization County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road CJ T1 - Natural CJ T3 - Cottage and Country CJ T2 - Rural / Farm CJ T4 - Settlement a Updated: 07-31-13 R Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 7 Regional Transect Shortly after the preparation of the Lakes to Land master plans began, the State of Michigan added placemaking as a component of the State’s economic development strategy. Placemaking capitalizes on a local community’s assets, inspiration, and potential, with the intention of creating public spaces that promote people’s health, happiness, and well being. The focus of the State’s placemaking strategy is to create vibrant and economically viable places that will retain and attract talent and jobs. National trends note that younger professionals who are our up-and-coming entrepreneurs and business owners migrate to places which provide economic, social, cultural and recreational amenities. In order to consolidate limited resources, the State will likely leverage discretionary funds into communities which have the density to support a creative workforce and serve as generators for growth and investment. To assess where these investments are likely to occur, a “transect” characterizes an area based on its natural and development elements. According to Wikipedia, “the urbanto-rural transect is an urban planning model that defines a series of zones from sparse rural farmhouses to the dense urban core. Each zone is fractal in that it contains a similar transition from the edge to the center of the neighborhood. The importance of transect planning is particularly seen as a contrast to modern Euclidean zoning and suburban development. In these patterns, large areas are dedicated to a single purpose, such as housing, offices, shopping, and they can only be accessed via major roads. The transect, by contrast, decreases the necessity for long-distance travel by any means.” The rural-urban transect includes six (6) zones from natural (T1) to urban core (T6). In the Lakes to Land region, only four (4) of the zones exist, ranging from Natural (T1) to Settlement (T4). The table on the next page describes in more detail the general characteristics found in each of the four character zones. Similarly, the map illustrates the locale of each zone based on a grouping of the future land use categories found in the nine community master plans. The result paints a picture of the Lakes to Land region as primarily Rural / Farm (T2) and Cottage and Country (T3). Only in several areas where densities range from 4 to 6 dwellings per acre are there Settlements (T4), such as the unincorporated village of Arcadia, the villages of Bear Lake, Elberta, and Onekama, and the City of Frankfort. These locales have the underpinnings to accommodate the level of economic and social activity that is envisioned in the State’s placemaking initiative. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 8 2.6 Lakes to Land transect typology Type T1 Natural General Description Area characterized by its unique natural resource and ecological assets and therefore considered for future special land stewardship. Element Land Local Land Use Classifications Recreation / Open Space Forest Living Commerce T2 Rural / Farm Farming is the dominant land use activity with some large lot residential homes Land Agriculture Agriculture / Rural Residential - Rural Forest Living Commerce T3 Cottage and Country T4 Settlement This area consists of low density collections of year-round homes or seasonal cottages some of them clusters around inland lakes or along the Lake Michigan shoreline. Home occupations and outbuildings are permitted. Planting is naturalistic and setbacks are relatively deep. Blocks may be large and the roads irregular to accommodate natural conditions and topography. Land Traditional residential neighborhoods characterized by a grid street pattern, smaller lots with higher densities than found in other locations. Land Residential - Resort Living Commerce Living Commerce Residential - Settlement Commercial Corridor Commercial Node Village Center �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 9 Element Description Properties under the ownership or management of Federal and State Agencies and Land Conservancies with a variety of natural and sensitive landscapes. None None Agricultural includes parcels used partially or wholly for agricultural operations, with or without buildings, and include the following: (i) Farming in all its branches, including cultivating soil. (ii) Growing and harvesting any agricultural, horticultural, or floricultural commodity. (iii) Dairying. (iv) Raising livestock, bees, fish, fur-bearing animals, or poultry. (v) Turf and tree farming. Performing any practices on a farm incident to, or in conjunction with, farming operations. Farm and non-farm related residences are also found in this category and occupy sites on less than acre to large acreage parcels between 5 and 10 acres in size. Sporadic stores or shops which serve local residents. These are located along County roads and are not concentrated in one location to be considered a commercial node or district. A variety of northern Michigan landscapes including rolling hills, lakeshores, meadows, forests and sensitive areas such as critical dunes and wetlands. Residential land use found along Lake Michigan, inland lakes such as Bear Lake, Lower and Upper Herring Lakes, Arcadia Lake and Platte River, and other streams characterized by small lots. This category will contain a combination of seasonal and year-round homes. Stores and shops dotted along County Roads, US-31 and M-22. These establishments include canoe/kayak rentals, bait shops, small grocery outlets, gas stations, art galleys and boat sales and service outlets. Primarily developed and settled as historic villages and centers of commerce. This land use category describes the neighborhoods of Arcadia, Elberta, Frankfort, Onekama, and Bear Lake. These neighborhoods are made up of single family homes located on lots with an average density of 4 - 6 units per acre. Homes are arranged close to the street with rear garages accessed by an alley when available. Arranged in a grid configuration, the streets are wide enough for on street parking but close enough to maintain an intimate neighborhood character. Trees and sidewalks line the streets, alleys provide rear entry to garages located in the backyard, and front porches beckon neighbors to sit and talk. A church may be found in the middle of the neighborhood along with neighborhood parks. Within walking distance to the Business district, civic, and recreational amenities, the Settlement area is the premier place to live for individuals looking for a more urban environment within view of Lake Michigan, inland lakes, and other natural resource amenities. A variety of small stores and shops, banks, restaurants, and professional services. �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 1 Natural Assets As the name suggests, many of the Lakes to Land region’s very best assets come with the territory. A coastal region abutting the sixth largest freshwater lake in the world could consider itself well-positioned in any reckoning of benefits, but the water resources in the L2L area extend far beyond that. Every township except Gilmore and Joyfield also hosts an inland lake, from the enormous Crystal Lake on the north end to little Bar Lake in the south. The rivers that criss-cross the area include the Big Manistee, one of the most important rivers of Michigan’s lumber boom, the Betsie, and the Platte. This abundance has rightly earned the area the nickname “Water Wonderland,” driving a robust tourism and recreation industry. But it also requires attendant maintenance and careful diplomacy from each of the diverse types of users on these public waters, from industrial shippers to trout anglers to stone skippers. With water come wetlands. Once called “swampland,” these hydric areas provide benefits like flood control, water cleansing, and prevention of erosion. They are so important that they are managed at the state level, meaning that development affecting them is subject to a permit process. Historically, Michigan’s original forests built a respectable proportion of the midwest and then gave way to agriculture on the soils that would support it. The soils that wouldn’t frequently reverted to government control through delinquent taxes, leading directly to the assemblage of large parcels under federal and state control which then became conservation areas. These forests and preserves attract tourists and contribute to the rural scenery of the region, impacts which must be balanced against the untaxable and undevelopable nature of these vast swaths of land. The region’s most famous and unique natural asset are the sand dunes that line Lake Michigan’s eastern shoreline, especially the Sleeping Bear Dunes to the north. Remnants of the glacial age that shaped most of the midwest’s geology, these windswept mountains of sand play host to a diversity of biology, climate, and geology that is found nowhere else on Earth. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 2 LEELANAU CO. Pl t at Ba BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Platte Twp. Lake Ann Lake Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. BENZIE CO. La ke i Inland Twp. GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Crystal Lake Twp. Elberta M Homestead Twp. Beulah MANISTEE CO. Frankfort i h c Honor Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Manistee Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. Filer Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND 0 Land Cover 4 8 Miles • 2.7 Land cover map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, NWMCOG County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road 2 Land Cover Type: D Urban D Agriculture D Forest D Wetlands No Data B R i Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 3 Land cover “Land cover” refers to the physical material at the surface of the Earth: vegetation, water, pavement, ice, bare rock, wetlands, etc. The vast majority of land within both Benzie and Manistee Counties is designated as Forest, with significant pockets designated Agriculture. Consistent with the Wetlands map in Figure 2.5, the Land Cover map shows wetlands mostly around the region’s lakes, rivers, and tributaries. 2.8 Agricultural land cover Top: Vineyards north of Manistee. Bottom: Onekama fields in fall “Urban land cover” refers to the impermeable surfaces with which we line our developments, such as streets, sidewalks, buildings, and parking lots. Shown in pink on the map, the areas in and around incorporated cities and villages, as well as along major roads, are designated Urban. Additionally, nearly every lake in the region is accompanied by an area of urban development. The proximity of development to water bodies presents particular challenges to water quality. Precipitation runoff carries pollutants such as vehicle fluids and animal waste across impermeable surfaces and directly into the water, without any of the filtration that would be provided by a permeable surface such as soil. Improperly constructed or failing septic fields can leach human waste into the water. Chemical fertilizer, even when properly applied and at the residential scale, can have serious consequences for water quality due to its concentration of phosphorous. This essential element for plant life can reduce the dissolved oxygen in a water body and thus its ability to support animal habitats. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 4 Topography The configuration of a surface, including its relief and the relative positions of its natural and constructed features, defines its topography. The map in Figure 2.8 demonstrates the highly varied terrain of the Lakes to Land region, which ranges from 450 feet above sea level in the river valleys to 1,350 feet at the ridge separating Benzie and Manistee Counties. Glaciers gouged the coast intermittently to form low-lying lakes, which have in turn been modified to suit human use over the past few hundred years. In many cases, the lakes remain surrounded by lands of higher elevation to form spectacular bluffs, as in the Arcadia and Frankfort areas. These topographic grooves also helped shape the valleys through which rivers such as the Platte, Betsie, and Manistee make their way to the Lake Michigan shore. Topography plays an indispensable role in development. Engineering concerns presented by swift grade changes were a strong influence on the location of the region’s railroad corridors. Construction in areas of low elevation can be subject to flooding, while a building on a severe slope risks an unstable foundation. Also pictured on this map is the configuration of the Lake Michigan floor—­its bathymetry. This helps determine how a waterbody can be used. Shallower waters remain warmer and offer recreational opportunities like swimming and windsurfing, while only deeper waters can accommodate the larger vessels used by industry. 2.9 Topography and bathymetry of Frankfort Note the surrounding bluffs and the dredged harbor. Photo: Google Earth �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 5 z ? LEELANAU CO. BENZIE CO. ç ? Almira Twp. Platte Twp. Lake Ann ! ç ? Frankfort Crystal Lake Twp. L e k a M i ch I ½ I ½ ! Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Ä ? Elberta ! a g i !Honor Benzonia Twp. ! Beulah BENZIE CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake ! Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Lake Twp. I ½ Weldon Twp. Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. ç ? Colfax Twp. Ä ? Thompsonville ! BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish ! Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. I ½ Bear Lake Ä ? ! Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Portage Lake ç ? Manistee Twp. Iº Marilla Twp. Kaleva Onekama ! ! Brown Twp. MANISTEE CO. Bear Lake WEXFORD CO. ç ? Dickson Twp. ø ? Manistee Eastlake ! ! i ? Filer Twp. i ? Stronach Twp. Norman Twp. I ½ ø ? MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND Regional Topography and Bathymetry 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.10 Topography and bathymetry map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library 50 13 50 11 0 95 0 75 55 0 Elevation (ft): 5 0 5 0 22 45 67 90 Lake Depth (ft): 1 County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road B R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 6 m ? LEELANAU CO. Pl at a t B BENZIE CO. y ç ? Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. ! ç ? Frankfort ! Ä ? k a L e M Homestead Twp. Inland Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. !Beulah Elberta ! i I º I º Crystal Lake Twp. i h c ! Honor Benzonia Twp. BENZIE CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake ! Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Lake Twp. I º Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. ç ? Ä ? Thompsonville ! BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish ! Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. I º Bear Lake Ä ? Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Onekama ! Portage Lake ç º ? I Manistee Twp. Marilla Twp. Kaleva ! Brown Twp. MANISTEE CO. Lake Dickson Twp. ² ? Manistee WEXFORD CO. ! Bear ç ? ø ? Eastlake ! ! i ? Filer Twp. Stronach Twp. i ? Norman Twp. I º ø ? MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND LAKE CO. 0 Representative Slopes 2 4 8 Miles 2.11 Slopes map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Slope Degree: 0-1 1.1 - 5 5.1 - 9 D D D D 9.1 - 16 16.1 - 80 B R ' Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 7 Slopes Slope is a calculation of “rise over run,” or the change in elevation at two points divided by the distance between them. When calculated this way, slope is expressed as a percentage or gradient. It can also be expressed in degrees, as the angle of the surface as compared to the horizontal. Figure 2.9 shows “strong” slopes, defined by an angle between 9.1 and 16 degrees (15-30% grade, or a 15- to 30-foot rise over 100 feet of distance), and “steep” slopes which have a rise of over 16 degrees (>30% grade). Awareness of the locations and extents of these slopes can impact decisions with respect to land use and transportation planning. The threat of erosion, sedimentation, and landslides all increase with the slope of a developed surface. Transportation requires more energy to cover the same distance, a situation that is drastically exacerbated as winter snow and ice reduce surface friction on the roads. 2.12 View from Inspiration Point, Blaine On the other hand, part of northwest Michigan’s magnetic appeal is provided by its beautiful vistas and the recreational opportunities offered by its varied terrain. Many areas of steep slopes and undulating grades are concentrated around the inland lakes near Lake Michigan. Crystal Lake in particular has some steep slopes along both its north and south banks, as do several portions of the Lake Michigan shoreline, and the unincorporated village of Arcadia is nestled in a valley surrounded by steep slope hills. M-22 owes its “Scenic Route” designation to the spectacular views offered by steep hills; the popular state lookout Inspiration Point, just north of Arcadia, is the highest elevation on the eastern shore of Lake Michigan. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 8 Watersheds A watershed is a geographic area of land that drains surface water to a common point in the landscape. Watersheds catch precipitation and snow melt and channel that water into streams. Those streams flow downhill to feed into bigger streams and rivers, collectively creating a network of waterways that eventually drains into a large water body—in Michigan, all watersheds eventually flow into one of the Great Lakes. The Lakes to Land region is served by three of the watersheds designated by the United States Geological Survey: Manistee, Betsie-Platte, and Pere MarquetteWhite. Watersheds connect settlements to each other in a way that is particularly dissociated from jurisdictional boundaries. First, they are usually larger than any standard municipal unit—several to dozens of municipalities can sometimes fit inside a single watershed. Second, and more importantly, water moves under its own power from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. This means that the impact of land use decisions on water quality are felt far beyond the authoritative reach of the decision-makers. Regional planning is therefore an especially valuable tool in watershed protection, as in the case of the Portage Lake Watershed Forever plan that brought the Village of Onekama and Onekama Township together, or the Crystal Lake and Watershed Association that is the most recent incarnation of a citizen-led group focused on that waterbody stretching back over 40 years. For this reason, federal and state monies for water quality management are often disbursed on the basis of an approved watershed plan. Section 319 of the national Clean Water Act provides grants to address nonpoint source pollution (pollution from diffuse sources such as fertilizer, oil, road salt, and animal waste in runoff). The Clean Michigan Initiative is a $675 million bond dedicated to the state’s water resources, including a $90 million clean water fund and $70 million in pollution and remediation monies. Nearly all of the Lakes to Land region is covered by a plan tailored to one of these two programs, with the exception of the areas adjacent to the Platte Bay and those surrounding Bar and Arcadia Lakes. In Michigan, all watersheds eventually flow into one of the Great Lakes. 2.13 Traveling water The Platte River goes under the M-22 bridge to meet Lake Michigan at the Platte Bay. Photo: UpNorth Memories by Don Harrison. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 9 LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Elberta L e k a M h ic i Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Manistee Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Filer Twp. Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND Watershed Boundaries Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road LAKE CO. 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.14 Watersheds map Our 2011 performance was significantly better than Watershed Name: Manistee Betsie-Platte industry averages in most categories Pere Marquette-White Subwatershed Boundary D D D D B R i Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 0 ' I ~ ~ - -- ~ --- -. -,-- LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. 1 ~ y • • Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. ,. Frankfort Elberta k a L e M i i h c Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Honor GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Benzonia Twp. MANISTEE CO. Crystal Lake WEXFORD CO. - - - - - - - - _I .,_ Platt Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Manistee Norman Twp. Filer Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. f.t., ' LAKES TO LAND 0 Wetlands 2 4 8 Miles 2.15 Wetlands map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, National Wetlands Inventory D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road Wetland Type: Emergent Lowland, Shrub, or Wooded D D 8 R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 1 Wetlands Michigan statute defines a wetland as “land characterized by the presence of water at a frequency and duration to support, and that under normal circumstances does support, wetland vegetation or aquatic life...” It goes on to note that these lands are commonly referred to as a bog, swamp, or marsh. By any name, wetlands are key to maintaining northwest Michigan’s natural amenities, and particularly its water bodies. They provide flood control, wildlife habitat, groundwater recharge and protection, pollution treatment, erosion mitigation, and replenishment of water nutrients. They are so important that the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality delineates and regulates wetlands throughout the state, as shown in Figure 2.13. DEQ regulates wetlands that meet any of the following criteria: 2.16 Arcadia Marsh restoration project Photo: Ducks Unlimited • Connected to, or located within 1,000 feet of, one of the Great Lakes or Lake St. Clair • Connected to, or located within 500 feet of, an inland lake, pond, river, or stream • More than 5 acres in size • Has been determined by the DEQ to be essential to the preservation of the state’s natural resources Every one of the communities participating in the Lakes to Land Regional Initiative has some delineated wetlands, although the greatest concentration in the region runs northeasterly through the non-participating townships of Maple Grove, Springdale, Cleon, and Colfax. Regulated wetlands require a permit and possibly mitigation for any activity (construction, fill, dredging, etc.) that will impact them. 2.17 Table of wetlands acreage Benzie Manistee Total Emergent (characterized by erect, rooted, herbaceous hydrophytes, excluding mosses and lichens) 1,079.27 2,324.67 3,403.95 Lowland, Shrub, Wooded (characterized by low elevation and woody vegetation) 22,762.91 40,787.43 63,550.33 Source: National Wetlands Inventory �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 2 Protected lands As the nineteenth century drew to a close, the lumber barons had just about clear-cut the entire state of Michigan. Though agriculture was expected to take the place of logging in the local economy as it had done elsewhere, soils better suited to the slow, woody growth of trees ensured that it did not. Collapsing farm prices and tax delinquency following the end of World War I placed hundreds of thousands of acres of land under government control. Faced with a population hemorrhage out of northern Michigan, the state’s Conservation Department embarked on a program of rehabilitating the land for recreational purposes. The Manistee National Forest was created in 1938. Administratively a portion of the HuronManistee National Forest, it comprises just over 148,000 acres of land within Manistee County, including 5,778 acres in Manistee Township. The Forest provides recreational opportunities, fish and wildlife habitat, and resources for local industry. The Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore began as an unsuccessful 1941 recommendation to establish a state park on the Leelanau Peninsula. Finally authorized by the National Parks Service in 1970, it extends across approximately 35 miles of Lake Michigan Shoreline from Benzie to Leelanau Counties, and part of its 12,000 Benzie County acres comprise 45% of Lake Township. The Lakeshore is an international destination for outdoor and wildlife enthusiasts. In 2011, it was named by ABC’s “Good Morning America” as the Most Beautiful Place in America. In the 1990s, Rotary Charities commissioned a study showing a breakneck pace of development in northern Michigan and responded by incubating the Grand Traverse Regional Land Conservancy. The Conservancy has since partnered with individuals, foundations, and all levels of government to protect over 34,000 acres of land and 100 miles of shoreline. 2.18 Lookout at Sleeping Bear Dunes Photo: National Parks Service �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 3 LEELANAU CO. a Pl tt Ba ----------r BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Crystal Lake Twp. Elberta L e k a M h ic a g i Homestead Twp. Inland Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Beulah BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Dickson Twp. Norman Twp. Filer Twp. ... .,. Brown Twp. Eastlake Manistee ,· Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND Federal, State, and Protected Lands 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.19 Protected lands map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road D D D D Federal Owned Land State Owned Land GTRLC Nature Preserve GTRLC Protected Land 8 R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 4 LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. Elberta L e ak M i i h c Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Weldon Twp. Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. --------- i ------ MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Manistee Filer Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. • -~---- MANISTEE CO. 1 LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND Critical Dunes Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library D D Critical Dunes City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.20 Critical dunes map B R Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 5 Arcadia Critical dunes Township is the only Michigan hosts the largest collection of freshwater sand participating dunes in the world, a unique ecosystem sheltering five shoreline community in which critical dunes have not been inventoried by the MDEQ. threatened and endangered species. Protecting the dunes lining the Lake Michigan shoreline along significant portions of Manistee and Benzie Counties is an essential aspect of land use planning in northwest Michigan. Sand mining has been regulated by the State since 1976, and activities related to development, recreation, and forestry have been regulated since 1989. Earthmoving, vegetation removal, and construction activities within a critical dune area are subjected to a permit process. Local governments may assume that permitting authority by passing zoning restrictions that are at least as protective as state regulations, an option that has not been exercised by any Lakes to Land community. There are approximately 7,025 acres of critical dunes along the shores of Benzie and Manistee Counties, nearly all (91%) of which is in Benzie County. Arcadia Township is the only shoreline community participating in the Lakes to Land initiative in which critical dunes have not been inventoried by the MDEQ. 2.21 Sleeping Bear Dunes ��L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 7 Transportation Of all the subjects addressed in a master plan, transportation is among those best suited to be considered on a regional scale. People travel for the purpose of getting somewhere­— frequently, somewhere outside the municipal boundary in which they started. Of course, the story is much fuller. The connection between transportation and land use is so deep that many communities owe their very existence to the routes along which they sprang up: the port city of Manistee, for example, or the fortuitous harbor shelter that led George Tifft to arrange for the development of Frankfort. As the land use intensifies, so too do transportation routes: the Guelph Patent Cask Company’s lumber operation in Honor brought the Pere Marquette Railroad to town, and the settlements at Manistee, Bear Lake, and Benzonia attracted an “auto trail” that would grow into the cross-country thoroughfare US-31. For communities bordering a large body of water, limitations on growth are accompanied by challenges to land transportation. This describes the majority of Lakes to Land communities, where geography requires them to be the destination, not a waypoint, for westbound land travelers. The inseparable nature of production and shipping means that industrial land uses are particularly entwined with transportation. Lumber encampments first sprang up along rivers so that harvested logs, too heavy to be pulled efficiently by horses, could be floated to ships waiting at port. The emergence of the rail industry meant that operations were no longer confined to any water’s edge—rather than bringing the industry to the transportation, the transportation could now be brought to the industry. The Ann Arbor Railroad illustrated the value of combining these approaches when it reached the end of its line in Elberta and began launching waterborne “car ferries” to transport cargo across Lake Michigan to Milwaukee and Chicago. Sometimes, though, we travel just because we like it. As the 20th century got underway, the trains began to carry more tourists than cargo; some segments of the long-obsolete Ann Arbor Railroad bed have now been transformed into a pleasure trail for hikers and bikers. A group of gliding enthusiasts became so enamored of the offshore breeze at Frankfort that they made it into “the soaring capital of the world.” The highway shield for M-22 dots the state, not as a route marker but as two kiteborders’ proclamation of “appreciation for natural wonders such as bays, beaches and bonfire, dunes and vineyards, cottages, friends and family everywhere.” �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 8 g LEELANAU CO. Pl t at Ba BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Crystal Lake Twp. Elberta L e k a M i i h c Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Weldon Twp. Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake , '>r '- ,_ ~ ' \ Manistee Twp. ' Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. ,;--,-----, Eastlake Manistee Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. Filer Twp. ,- - MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND Road Classifications LAKE CO. 0 2 4 8 Miles • 2.22 Road classifications map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, USDOT National Functional Classification D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Arterial Road Collector Road Local Road B R Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 9 Road classification Modern roads have been part of the public domain almost since their inception, and for good reason: their usefulness depends heavily on the consistency of their condition and entirely on their continuity of existence across varied lands. But the “almost” is an important part of that sentence. In the late ‘teens and early 1920s, Michigan was among many states that became criss-crossed with “auto trails,” routes named by private organizations and marked with colorful bands on electric and telephone poles. The two such trails that headed to Mackinaw City via the Lakes to Land region were the West Michigan Pike, which began in Michigan City, IN, and the Dixie Highway Northern Connector from Niles, IN. Both traveled through the city of Manistee and the villages of Bear Lake and Benzonia. Following Wisconsin’s example, Michigan became the second state to replace this haphazard system with a numbered trunkline system in 1918-1919. (“Trunkline” now refers to all interstate, US, and Michigan highways.) The West Michigan Pike became M-11 until the United States Numbered Highway system was implemented nationally in 1926, when it was renamed again to US-31. It remains the main artery of Michigan’s west coast, and it was the first highway to cross the Straits via car ferry. In 1952, it was designated as Michigan’s only Blue Star Memorial Highway in a tribute to the Armed Forces. 2.23 Auto trail signs Top and middle: Signs marking the Dixie Highway and West Michigan Pike Bottom: M-22 sign that has become an unofficial symbol of northwest Michigan. Also among the Michigan’s first state highway designations was M-22. Just 116 miles long, it follows the Lake Michigan shoreline from Manistee through Onekama, Arcadia, Elberta, Frankfort, and the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore before it rounds the tip of the Leelanau Peninsula and returns south to Traverse City. Its sign has been adopted by a private recreation company as an informal brand of the region, and M-22 stickers and clothing are now seen all over the state. The Leelanau County portion of the route was designated part of the Leelanau Scenic Heritage Route in 2002, and it’s an honor with a planning component: Scenic Heritage Routes cannot be adjacent to land zoned for commercial or industrial uses. Finally, the road from Frankfort to Benzonia along the south shore of Crystal Lake was designated as M-115 in 1929. Traveling through the Manistee National Forest and the Pere Marquette State Forest, it now terminates in Clare at the intersection of business US-127 and business US-10. These roads provide several options for travel north and south, but travelers to the east and west rely on county roads under the jurisdiction of the Benzie and Manistee County Road Commissions. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 0 Vehicle traffic volume Annual average daily traffic—the total volume of vehicle traffic on a given road in a year, divided by 365—is a simple measurement of how busy a road is. One of the most common uses of AADT data, and in many cases the reason it is collected at all, is to determine the distribution of road funding for improvements and maintenance. The United States Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration requires each state to submit a Highway Performance Monitoring System report each June, and these reports form the basis for funding allocations. Three quarters of the 18.2 cent per gallon federal fuel tax is disbursed to the states, while the other 25% is distributed directly to county road commissions and city and village transportation authorities (all are required to provide matching funds). The Michigan Department of Transportation also collects a 19 cent per gallon gasoline tax in addition to vehicle registration fees and other transportation-related fees. County roads make up 75% of the total Michigan road system, moving over $800 billion of goods and services annually. While the most miles are driven on state roads, county roads are the site of the majority of intersections—and crashes. Only four of the 889 Michigan traffic fatalities in 2011 occurred in Benzie or Manistee County. The Benzie-Manistee area saw the greatest number of accidents in November (174), followed closely by October (173) and December (171); crashes with injuries to persons occurred most frequently in October (33), August (31), and July (30). In both counties, drivers aged 16-20 accounted for the greatest number of crashes: 1079 per 10,000 licensed drivers, as compared with 578 crashes per 10,000 licensed drivers among those aged 21-64 and 337 crashes per 10,000 licensed drivers for those aged 65 and up. These trends are consistent with statewide data indicating that crash rates decline as driver age increases. Traffic volume data can also help prioritize snow removal. For the 2011-2012 year, the Michigan Department of Transportation categorized snow and ice control on US-31 as Priority Level I, meaning that the surface will be bare of ice and snow even if overtime must be paid to accomplish it, while the Priority Level II designation of lower-traffic M-22 means that overtime can be paid to clear a onewheel track in each direction but the rest must wait for the next scheduled shift. 2.24 Historical snow plowing in Manistee Photo: UpNorth Memories by Don Harrison �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 1 LEELANAU CO. Pl t at Ba BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Elberta L e k a M h ic a g i Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake • I ------------1---- --- · I Manistee Twp. Manistee Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Filer Twp. Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND 0 Vehicle Traffic Volume 2 4 8 Miles • 2.25 Vehicle traffic volume map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDOT Paved and Vehicles per Day: Unpaved Paved 4' or Greater Paved Shoulder ----------------------- - Low (Under 2,500) Medium (2,500 - 10,000) ------------------·---- ==== ------------------·----- - - Heavy (Above 10,000) Minor Roads (No Data) D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary 8 R i Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 2 ~ LEELANAU CO. ---1- Pl at a t B BENZIE CO. y :~" Almira Twp. ' ~ Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. ( Elberta L e k a M h ic i Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Weldon Twp. Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Manistee Filer Twp. Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. \. MANISTEE CO. • MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND Marine Harbors Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDNR MANISTEE CO. LAKE CO. 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.26 Marine ports map City or Village Harbor Type: Our County 2011 performance better than Boundary was significantly Commercial, and Recreational II Cargo, Township Boundary II Commercial, and Recreational industry averages in most categories Major Road Minor Road D 8 R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 3 Marine ports The front door of many Michigan coastal communities is its port. Great Lakes navigation brought the first European settlers to the Lakes to Land region, first to trap fur and then to harvest timber from this western frontier. Commercial use of the waterways has continued ever since, and today one quarter of the nation’s top harbors by tonnage are on the Great Lakes. Maritime transport is considerably cheaper and more environmentally friendly than either rail or truck. Its average of 607 miles to one gallon of fuel per ton of cargo is three times the efficiency of a freight train and over ten times as efficient as trucking; it produces 90% less carbon dioxide than a semi and 70% less than a train. And then there are the infrastructure costs. While rails and roads require continual maintenance, the vast majority of Great Lakes shipping lanes were created by glaciers without any help from us at all. 2.27 Freighter departure Sandy barriers prevent some rivers from emptying into Lake Michigan at the close of their journey toward sea level, pooling instead into lakes that dot the western edge of the state. It took no time at all for early settlers to begin dredging these barriers, transforming the lakes into roomy and land-locked harbors. Manistee, with its broad lake at the confluence of two rivers, is the largest in the region. This deep draft commercial harbor serves five major industrial facilities, including the Filer City Generating Station. Frankfort, also a deep draft commercial harbor, was once reknown for the car ferries that launched rail shipments from the Ann Arbor Railroad onto the waterway system. Though those days are long gone, this Harbor of Refuge supports over 200 recreational boat slips. Citizens of Onekama have established infrastructure around their recreational harbor at Portage Lake that supports 230 recreational boat slips and generates tourist income; residents of Arcadia have done the same to support their 60 recreational boat slips and charter fishing enterprises. Both are also Harbors of Refuge, offering mooring to boaters stranded in inclement weather. But harbors are not part of the maintenance-free portion of the Great Lakes navigational system. The US Army Corps of Engineers is responsible for them under the national River and Harbor Act of 1879, and the already-challenging task of reliably directing sand and water is complicated by persistent low water levels and deferred maintenance due to constrained budgets. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 4 Rails The sole railroad line now operating within the Lakes to Land region is the CSX line that loops around the north end of Manistee Lake and continues south to Grand Rapids—all that remains of a bustling network of railroads across and around the region, many of which were built to serve the timber industry. The Manistee route was also the first rail foray into the Lakes to Land region in 1881. Three years later, the Arcadia and Betsey River Railroad began a short trip between Arcadia and its then-neighbor to the northeast, Saile Station, continuing on to the then-village of Springdale in 1887. Over the next several years, railways exploded all over the region: a Manistee & Northeastern ran a line from Manistee to Nesson City in 1888, the company that would become the Ann Arbor Railroad connected Cadillac to Frankfort in 1889, and lines connecting Walhalla, Interlochen, Lake Ann and Traverse City all popped up in 1890. This completed the backbone of the regional system, and beginning in about 1895 much of the rail-building effort was devoted to spurs that connected established stations and reached ever-further into the Leelanau Peninsula. The need for rail cars plummeted at the close of the lumber era, and those connecting spurs began to disappear beginning around 1917. The main lines through the region lasted mostly intact until the Depression. In 1934, a Pere Marquette loop that ran from Traverse City through Lake Ann, Interlochen, and Kaleva stopped running, and the Arcadia and Betsey River Railway followed in 1936. For the next 40 years, only the north-south Pere Marquette line and the Ann Arbor Railroad’s Frankfort connection remained. The former was abandoned in 1982, and the latter is undergoing rebirth as the Betsie Valley Trail after landing under the control of the State of Michigan in 1980. 2.28 The John D. Dewar Approaches an Arcadia Dock Photo and text from Arcadia Area Historical Society: “This is a view south along Lake Arcadia’s northeast shore. The steamer DeWar is on the left. Logs are stacked along the shoreline, in a barge, and in the water waiting transport to the Starke Sawmill. Source: Postcard Photo from the collection of Bob McCall” �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 5 z ? LEELANAU CO. a Pl tt Ba BENZIE CO. y ç ? Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. ç ? Crystal Lake Twp. La ke i Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Ä ? Beulah Elberta M I ½ I ½ Frankfort i h c '"I Honor Benzonia Twp. BENZIE CO. 1------------- Platt Lake Crystal Lake I Benzonia I I I - - - -- -- Gilmore Twp. n a g GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Lake Twp. I ½ Weldon Twp. Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. ç ? :~ Thompsonville ' BENZIE CO. ' MANISTEE CO. Copemish ll ' ''' Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. ' Colfax Twp. ' '"' Ä ? Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. I ½ ' ' Onekama Twp. Onekama Maple Grove Twp. Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. . Portage Lake ~- Kaleva r-- '' ç ½ ? I '' Manistee Twp. ! ~,,)V '1t "0-tv ; Eastlake I Manistee i ? Filer Twp. 1 Stronach Twp. I ½ ,- MANISTEE CO. l Dickson Twp. : I ~ - - ~ ;~~------------~~ i ? • MASON CO. 1• .r. .,.~ Brown Twp. .f: Ä ? ~----------- --l----l MANISTEE CO. Bear Lake ç ? ø ? ------------------ Norman Twp. ø ? MANISTEE CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND Operable Railroad Tracks WEXFORD CO. Bear Lake 0 2 4 8 Miles • 2.29 Operable railroad tracks map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Railroad Track Major Road Minor Road B R i Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 6 7 z ? LEELANAU CO. Pl at a t B BENZIE CO. y ç ? r.~ Almira Twp. \i Lake Ann Platte Twp. \t Lake Twp. ,________ I 7 Crystal Lake Twp. Elberta Honor I ½ Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Ä ? Beulah Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Blaine Twp. ç ? I ½ ! C Joyfield Twp. ! C Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Ä ? 7 ~ \ Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. T Springdale Twp. I Cleon Twp. ( I ½ ' Bear Lake Ä ? Maple Grove Twp. , , jOnekama Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake ç ½ ? I Manistee Twp. Brown Twp. MANISTEE CO. Bear Lake ç ? WEXFORD CO. L e k a M I Benzonia Twp. I ½ Frankfort i Platt Lake BENZIE CO. ç ? i h c -- -- -- -- -- - - - Crystal Lake GRAND TRAVERSE CO. I Dickson Twp. ! Ä ø ? Eastlake Manistee i ? Filer Twp. >< ¥ Stronach Twp. t ½ I ~ ,._ I \ i ? '/~J I ( 7 n ,_ ø ? MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. , ------- -------'~ LAKES TO LAND _I LAKE CO. 0 Aviation Norman Twp. 2 4 8 Miles 2.30 Aviation map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDNR D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road Type: C Helipad ! Commercial Ä General Aviation 7 8 R Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 7 Air travel Long before Blacker Airport became the fastest way to get from the Lakes to Land region to the rest of the world, sailplanes brought the rest of the world to the region. Manistee County - Blacker Airport is the largest airport in the region with 3,413 commercial enplanements (“civil aviation operations other than scheduled air services and non scheduled air transport operations for remuneration or hire”) in 2010. It is publicly owned by the Manistee County Blacker Airport Authority, and its first commercial flight went aloft in 1961. Seven single-engine and one multiengine aircraft are based in the field. Of the 132 weekly flight operations it averaged in 2010, 72% were split evenly between transient and local general operations; 18% were commercial flights; 9% were air taxis; and less than 1% were military. By contrast, the public-use Thompsonville Airport is the smallest. Owned by the Village of Thompsonville, it hosts four single-engine aircraft. Half of its 15 flight operations per week in 2011 were transient general aviation while the other half were local general aviation. 2.31 Frankfort Cinema TG 1-A This sailplane was, used by the U.S. Army Air Corps as a training glider. Frankfort Dow Memorial Field, a general aviation airport, saw three commercial enplanements in 2010. Publicly owned by Frankfort City-Co Airport Authority, its 77 weekly flight operations in 2011 were also split evenly between transient and local general aviation. Its aircraft base, however, was unique: the 13 enginepowered vehicles were accompanied by six gliders and one “ultralight,” defined in the U.S. as a single-seat vehicle of less than five gallons fuel capacity with weight and speed restrictions of 254 pounds and 55 knots (64 mph) respectively. These are the crafts of the Northwest Soaring Club, which was based at the Frankfort Dow Memorial Field until summer of that year. A 1939 article in The Rotarian credits six glider enthusiasts with transforming this city of “a few commercial fishermen, a few Summer visitors, and no fame at all” into “the soaring capital of America.” It went on to cite the first-ever incorporated sailplane school in America, the Frankfort Sailplane Factory, and the startling statistic that a full 80% of Frankfort’s population had taken to the skies. Although the factory moved to Illinois before it folded and the school has moved to Cadillac with the Northwest Soaring Club, the gliders’ glory days had put Frankfort on the map for good. �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 9 Regional Recreation The tourism that has become one of the region’s strongest economic bases is largely fueled by an abundance of recreational opportunities. In the winter, residents are found playing on the slopes of lakes vying for one more knot. When the wind gets too fierce nearby alpine ski resorts, racing down snow mobile routes, for the sailors, the sailboarding crew unravels its gear and participating in snow shoe stampedes, enjoying a vigorous day speeds over the whitecaps, catching air and impressing the of Nordic skiing, or relaxing in an ice hut on an inland lake bystanders. Lake Michigan may not get waves big enough for trying to secure that perfect catch. Some more adventurous surfing on a regular basis, but its substantial wind kicks up souls are racing their ice sail boats. When warm weather some pretty large breakers for an inland lake. is upon the region, residents are found mountain biking or Fishing is a huge industry in the walking on the non-motorized region, whether it is winter or transportation trails, walking the All types of fishing exist summer. All types exist in plenty: tree-lined neighborhood streets enterprise or recreation, fly or bait of the villages and towns, and in plenty: enterprise or and tackle. The region’s rivers, living life by enjoying family and streams, and lakes are heavily community. recreation, fly or bait scrutinized for their freshwater During the summer months, inhabitants, and they are home and tackle. winter’s empty and lonely to some of the finest fly fishing the orchards burst forth with energy. country has to offer. Golf is also a Small fruit stands dot M-22, and nurseries along US-31 are major recreational must for many who live and visit the region; available for drivers to smell the fresh air and listen to the opportunities range from opulent courses known throughout sway of the trees while tasting the bounty of the area. Boating, Michigan and beyond to propitious courses that host all levels whether sailing or under power, occupies many lazy afternoon of player. days. Sailboats of all sizes cluster in weekly regattas on the �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 0 Parks and recreation “Because to so many citizens, men and women alike, life is a grind, a round of labor and a season of care... Thus public recreation facilities are provided because of the demand for a free and popular antidote to task-driving conditions.“ Charles Mulford Robinson used these words in a 1910 article titled “Educational Value of Public Recreation Facilities” to assure his readers that his treatise was not going to sap all the fun out of public parks. “To furnish that antidote is their essential purpose,” he soothed. “Education is incidental to it.” Still, his next several pages do not waver from their purpose: “The song of a bird, the scent of a flower, the glory of a sunset sky are parts of our common heritage. ... If the park can cultivate these in large numbers of people, as an incident of its service as a public pleasure ground, it will bestow great benefit; it will vastly increase its usefulness to the community; it will not only heighten the enjoyment of its own attractions, but it will put into hearts and minds a faculty of enjoyment that will be of service in daily life. To such extent, the investment which has been made in the parks will be paying daily dividends on the common stock of human experience.” That may sound a bit overblown, but it turns out that we needn’t rely on the common stock of human experience to get dividends out of parks. Nearly a century after Mr. Robinson’s article, a 2006 National Fish and Wildlife Foundation study found that “outdoor recreation sales (gear and trips combined) of $289 billion per year are greater than annual returns from pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing ($162 billion), legal services ($253 billion), and power generation and supply ($283 billion).” Camping and hiking alone accounted for 55% of outdoor recreation’s total impact on the US economy, surpassing fishing, hunting, water sports, trail- and snow-based activities, and wildlife viewing. Blaine Township Park �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 1 LEELANAU CO. 'Pl t at Ba BENZIE CO. y 22 • : ,.,. -- -·' - Platt Lake Benzonia Twp. Honor Frankfort Crystal Lake Twp. n a g - -' -Weldon Twp. I ,------- ' - -• Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. I I Colfax Twp. ' ' :- BENZIE CO. fmlll!l :Thompsonville -- ~ MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. '' '' Bear Lake Bear Lake Cleon Twp. I -~----\m. ----;------: ----· I MANISTEE CO. i Benzonia Gilmore Twp. Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Marilla Twp. ~- - - - - - - - --I-• Bear Lake Twp. Onekama Kaleva Portage Lake I _, Manistee Brown Twp. •. - .J,, Manistee Twp. WEXFORD CO. L e k a M Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Elberta -., - '-•.----- BENZIE CO. Crystal Lake GRAND TRAVERSE CO. : Lake Twp. i h c ... Almira Twp. fmlllllLake • Ann Platte Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. Filer Twp. '' I MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. ,- MANISTEE CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND Recreational Facilities and Amenities 0 2 4 8 Miles • 2.32 Parks and recreation map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDOT D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road Park / Public Recreation Area Camping Picnic Facilities Drinking Water Restrooms / Port-A-Johns a M El •a Swimming Showers Hiking / Trailhead Biking Nordic Skiing 8 R ' Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 2 z ? LEELANAU CO. Ba tt y ç ? Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. ! 9 ! 9 ! 9 ! 9 Platt Lake ç ? Crystal Lake Twp. Ä ? k a L e i Inland Twp. Beulah Elberta M I ½ ! 9 ! 9 Homestead Twp. I ½ Frankfort i h c Honor Benzonia Twp. Benzonia ' Gilmore Twp. n a g ! 9 l I ½ Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. BENZIE CO. Crystal Lake GRAND TRAVERSE CO. a Pl ! 9 BENZIE CO. ç ? Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Ä ? Thompsonville ! 9 BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. I ½ ç ? Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. ! Kaleva 9 Portage Lake ,_ '' ç ½ ? I Manistee Brown Twp. ! 9 Filer Twp. 9 Stronach! Twp. i ? Norman Twp. I ,- ø ? !9 9 !! 9 ! 9 Eastlake i ? I ½ ! 9 Dickson Twp. ! 9 ! 9 Ä ? -------------1--- ---- Manistee Twp. ! 9 MANISTEE CO. - - ----t----- ---- !Bear Lake 9 WEXFORD CO. ! 9 Bear Lake I I \. MANISTEE CO. ! 9 ! 9 ! 9 ø ? MANISTEE CO. ! 9 LAKE CO. MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND 0 Campgrounds City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road 4 8 Miles 2.33 Campgrounds map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDNR, NPS D 2 ! 9 ! 9 ! 9 ! 9 ! 9 National Park Campgrounds National Forest Campgrounds State Forest Campgrounds State Park Campgrounds Local Municipality Campgrounds 6 R ; Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 3 Camping As leisure activities go, camping is about as democratic as it gets. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources boasts that “you are never more than half an hour from a Michigan State Park, State Forest Campground, State Recreation Area, or State trail system,” so just about anyone in need of a getaway can pack up a few subsistence items and start communing with the great outdoors in short order. It’s affordable, kid- and petfriendly, and so therapeutic that entire intervention programs have been built around it. 2.34 Orchard Beach State Park in Manistee Township Photo: UpNorth Memories by Don Harrison Lake Michigan’s varied shoreline and the region’s abundance of inland lakes, rivers, streams, woodlands, bluffs, and trails make it a year-round destination for outdoor enthusiasts of all types. And at the end of the river rafting or the bicycle riding, those enthusiasts need a place to rest their heads—and a bite to eat, and maybe a few supplies or souvenirs, making an attractive campground into a community economic driver. State campgrounds within Benzie and Manistee Counties are maintained and managed by the MDNR The Platte River campground, federally managed as part of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, is at the junction of M-22 and the Platte River, where archaeological evidence suggests that humans may have been taking a summer holiday since 600 B.C. Numerous private and quasi-public campgrounds dot the area, but it is interesting to note that the region hosts no state campgrounds at all in the recreation-focused area west of US-31—a potentially overlooked income source. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 4 Boat launches The eight Great Lakes states registered 4.3 million boats in 2003—one third of all US recreational vessels—and Michigan’s 1,000,000 boats led the region. Forty-two percent of them belonged to residents of coastal counties. To preserve public access to our 3,000 miles of coastline, Michigan’s state legislature began earmarking fishing license funds to purchase water frontage in 1939. Since then, marine fuel taxes and boat registration fees paid by recreational boaters have funded the construction of over 1,200 boat launching facilities. In the Lakes to Land region, the launches offer access to Lake Michigan, rivers, and inland lakes for watercraft ranging from kayaks to yachts. In addition to these State-designated launches, there are many additional inland lake road-end boat launch areas maintained by the Benzie and Manistee County Road Commissions. Such maintenance is money well spent. A Great Lakes Recreational Boating study conducted by the US Army Corps of Engineers in 2003-2008 found that an average Great Lakes boat owner spends about $3600 per year, including equipment, insurance, fees, gas, food, and lodging. Applying that figure to the statistic above, it is reasonable to estimate that recreational boating is a $72 million enterprise in the Lakes to Land region. The same study appraises its contribution to Michigan personal income at $1.3 billion, to the overall economy at $1.9 billion, and to statewide employment at 51,000 jobs. 2.36 Bear Lake boat launch circa 1920s Photo: UpNorth Memories 2.35 Table of boating economic impacts Lakes to Land Region* State of Michigan Great Lakes basin 19,071 953,554 4,282,507 Trip and craft sales $780 million $3.9 billion $19 billion Personal income added $260 million $1.3 billion $6.5 billion Economic value added $380 million $1.9 billion $9.2 billion 1,027 51,329 246,117 Registered boats Jobs * calculated by taking 42% of state number and dividing by 21 (2 of 42 total coastal counties) �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 5 LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Platt Lake Benzonia Twp. Elberta L e k a M Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. ic ·-s -- -- _I - Honor Frankfort g i h 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BENZIE CO. _51_ -- -- -- -~ - Benzonia Gilmore Twp. an GRAND TRAVERSE CO. I Crystal Lake I Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Weldon Twp. SI -s- -- Colfax Twp. Thompsonville __ ,'__ BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake MANISTEE CO. Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. WEXFORD CO. Bear Lake ------------ -- J -Manistee Twp. ~ Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. sfiJ Manistee Filer Twp. )fr", : SI SI ,J - 1-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - Eastlake Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND Boat Launch Ramps Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDNR State Designated Boat Access Site City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.37 Boat launch ramps map 8 R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 6 LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Elberta L e k a M h ic i Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Manistee Norman Twp. Filer Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND Lands Open to Public Hunting Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDNR D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road Open to Public Hunting: US Forest Service National Park Service Commercial Forest Act Lands State Forest Land State Wildlife/Game Areas LAKE CO. 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.38 Lands open to public hunting map D D -D 6 R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 7 Hunting Want to hunt deer, elk, rabbit, hare, squirrel, pheasant, grouse, woodcock, quail, crow, coyote, opossum, porcupine, weasel, skunk, woodchuck, turkey, or waterfowl? There’s a license for that. The Department of Natural Resources, responsible for fish and wildlife management, regulations, and habitat protection, is primarily funded through two mechanisms: the direct sale of hunting and fishing licenses, and the leveraging of those proceeds for use in the federal Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration (WSFR) project. The WSFR program, which turned 75 in 2012, levies a tax of 10% to 11% on sporting arms, ammunition, bows, arrows, and crossbows and then returns that money to state conservation departments (in Michigan, the MDNR) through 3-to-1 matching grants. So, every $1 spent on a hunting license yields $4 in conservation funding. 2.39 Jake turkeys in Onekama It’s a system that many like because it directly ties the cost of preserved land to its use. But it is also a system in which land conservation for all reasons is vulnerable to changes in hunting behavior. The chart below shows that sales for all licenses have declined steadily over the past five years, both numerically and as a share of the overall population. The magnified rate of return provided by the WSFR program also works in reverse: for every $1 lost in hunting license sales, MDNR must make up a $4 budget shortfall. This has led the department to urge all who are interested in conservation to buy a license­—whether you plan to hunt or not. Photo: Al Taylor 2.40 Table of hunting licenses sold by year Change 20062011 % change 20062011 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 9,457 734,089 204 24,024 295,349 132,764 125,933 21,951 60,403 814,003 9,516 724,198 166 24,387 293,659 127,772 121,487 20,877 58,866 800,921 10,180 733,993 355 24,148 273,262 124,570 118,021 20,561 58,040 805,299 8,953 725,186 366 23,331 266,549 127,120 120,769 20,758 58,214 798,256 8,975 697,454 227 24,411 261,032 125,093 115,101 27,310 56,688 772,114 9,020 691,181 154 25,813 256,175 114,139 106,880 20,905 55,724 763,059 -437 -42,908 -50 1,789 -39,174 -18,625 -19,053 -1,046 -4,679 -50,944 -4.6% -5.8% -24.5% 7.4% -13.3% -14.0% -15.1% -4.8% -7.7% -6.3% MI population 10,082,438 10,050,847 10,002,486 Licenses per capita 0.0807 0.0797 0.0805 9,969,727 0.0801 9,883,640 0.0781 9,876,187 0.0773 -206,251 -0.003 -2.0% -4.3% Bear Deer Elkb Fur harvester Small game Turkeyc Spring turkey Fall turkey Waterfowl All types Hunting license typea b I Source: Brian J. Frawley, MDNR. a Within each license type, a person is counted only once regardless of the number of licenses purchased. b A restricted number of licenses were available, and these licenses were distributed using a random drawing. c Some but not all of turkey hunting licenses were distributed using a random drawing. d Total for all types does not equal sum of all license types because people can purchase multiple license types. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 8 2.41 Benthic macroinvertebrates Trout streams Mayfly One of the region’s major recreational draws is the wealth of opportunities for fishing, both in Lake Michigan and in its inland lakes, rivers, and streams. The map displayed in Figure 2.41 identifies the designated trout streams in Benzie and Manistee counties. Viable trout streams are generally defined by three characteristics: coarse soils, limited development (including limited pavement and other impervious surfaces), and an abundance of groundwater. State-designated Blue Ribbon Trout Streams meet even stricter criteria: they support excellent stock of wild resident trout, permit fly casting while remaining shallow enough to wade in, produce diverse insect life, and have excellent water quality. Trout are good indicators of water quality in general because of their reliance on benthic macroinvertebrate diversity—the bugs, larvae, and other organisms that live on the bottom of a body of water. These creatures thrive in streams with high levels of dissolved oxygen, and this means clean, cold water for two reasons: water’s ability to hold dissolved oxygen decreases as temperature increases, and the bacteria in organic waste can quickly consume all available dissolved oxygen. When present, aquatic macroinvertibrates help maintain the water quality by eating bacteria and decayed plants, then become a source of food themselves for the resident fish population. Dragonfly Caddisfly The Platte River from Maple City Road to Honor and Bear Creek upstream of Nine Mile Road both have Blue Ribbon designations. The Platte River stretch hosts the state’s fish hatchery, which raises chinook and coho salmon and produces coho eggs for the entire upper Great Lakes. Despite Bear Creek’s modest name, its flows are similar to the Little Manistee and Pine Rivers, and the tributary provides the Manistee River system with its wild runs of steelhead trout and salmon. 2.42 Steelhead trout Photo: Cheri and Tony Barnhart �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 9 LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt ------------1BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Elberta k a L e M i i h c Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Manistee Filer Twp. ,)~ Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND 0 Trout Locations -- City or Village Trout Stream Blue Ribbon Trout Stream 4 8 Miles 2.43 Trout locations map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library D 2 County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road 8 R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 5 0 LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Elberta L e k a M h c i i Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Manistee Filer Twp. ,-- Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND Regional Recreational Trails Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDOT, NWMCOG, GTRLC D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road GTRLC Trail Equestrian Trail Betsie Valley Trail 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.44 Recreational trails map Snowmobile Trail North Country Trail Non-Motorized Multi Use Trail (use restrictions vary) B Updated: 09-24-13 • R Beckett&Ra~der �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 5 1 Recreational trails The Michigan Statewide Trails Initiative of 1992 defines a However trailway as “a land corridor passing through the community many or countryside...accommodating a variety of public recreation worthy benefits a trail might provide, its raison d’etre can often be boiled down to one word: fun. uses.” Recent research casts trails in the role of community superhero, providing economic, environmental, recreational, health, and even safety benefits. They offer transportation alternatives to the car. They are exercise opportunities that lead directly to better medical outcomes. They’re sites of chance meetings with neighbors and wildlife. They can provide a buffer between natural areas and inhabited ones. They draw in visitors from other communities. Their activity can enliven an area that would otherwise look desolate enough to invite crime. But however many worthy benefits a trail might provide, its raison d’etre can often be boiled down to one word: fun. Michigan’s citizenry comes together in myriad ways to identify, create, and maintain an extensive and varied trail network. For example, our 6,200-mile web of snowmobile trails, 181 miles of which run through Benzie and Manistee counties, is one of only three such systems in the country. Half of the system is on private lands while the other half is distributed among federal, state, and other public lands; all utilize grant program grooming tractors for maintenance. The 22-mile-long Betsie Valley Trail that follows the abandoned Ann Arbor Railroad bed is another collaborative example: owned by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, it is maintained by Benzie County and supported by the not-for-profit Friends of the Betsie Valley Trail corporation. The Shore to Shore Riding and Hiking Trail that cuts across the northeast corner of Benzie County was established in 1964 by the Michigan Trail Riders Association, and the only “riding” to be done on this journey between Oscoda on Lake Huron and Empire on Lake Michigan is on a horse—neither motors nor bicycles are welcome. The Grand Traverse Regional Land Conservancy has made trails an integral part of its land stewardship mission. And the federally-managed North Country Trail is a footpath that traverses seven states between New York and North Dakota; the Huron-Manistee is one of the 10 national forests it touches on in its 4,600 mile journey. 2.45 Table of trail miles Snowmobile Equestrian Nonmotorized North Country Trail GTRLC Benzie Manistee Total 63.13 15.36 60.01 0 118.68 0 64.91 33.21 181.81 15.36 124.96 33.21 14.71 2.07 16.79 �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 5 3 Cultural Resources Though the land itself provides plenty of amusement for many, over the years the people of the region have built, preserved, and accrued a wealth of cultural endeavors with which to supplement their entertainment. Those inclined toward the visual arts may like to visit the works at the Oliver Art Center and the Crystal Lake Art Center, or wait until the art fairs arrive in Frankfort and Bear Lake. For a little free anytime cultural pick-me-up, peek into the Frankfort post office at the car ferry mural funded by the Works Progress Administration in 1941. Even a little and Manistee counties offer public libraries and branches. Even a little hotel stay can come with a side of history at the lumber-town-turned-resort called Watervale Inn—or it can make history the main attraction as in the old-west-themed Rockin’ R Ranch in Bear Lake. There you’ll find horseback riding, hayrides, sledding, carriage rentals, and of course a hotel stay saloon. Those who prefer the auditory delights can be serenaded by can come with a side of the Benzie Community Chorus For fun that’s a little less formal, and make the summer rounds of hometown festivals Arcadia history. Concert in the Park venues. In the Daze and Bear Lake Days theatrical hub of Frankfort, you are celebrated in July while can attend the Lakeside Shakespeare Theatre, Benzie County Onekama hosts Onekama Days in August and the Manistee Players, and Frankfort Garden Theater. County Fair in September. You can get a head start on sampling the region’s dining options at the Taste of Benzie Your culture can come packaged with a little education at festival in Elberta. Catch a movie in Honor at the Cherry the Arcadia Historical Society, or it can come packaged in Bowl Drive-In, open every summer since 1953, and if you’re the 60,000 bottles used to build the house that now hosts the in the car anyway, defy a little gravity at the Putney Road Kaleva Historical Society in Manistee County. Both Benzie Mystery Spot in Blaine. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 5 4 LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Honor Frankfort Elberta L e k a M i i ch Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. I I I I - ·1I - -- -- -- Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. ,_ Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n ga BENZIE CO. Benzonia Twp. GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake 1 I I I y Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. I Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. • Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Onekama • Bear Lake Twp. . Portage Lake Marilla Twp. ' ' I Kaleva MANISTEE CO. Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. WEXFORD CO. Bear Lake I I I I II I - ------------------ -1 -------· ,,. Manistee Twp. Manistee • Filer Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Stronach Twp. Norman Twp. • MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND Historic Sites • LAKE CO. 0 2 4 2.46 Historic sites map 8 Miles • Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MSHDA D Registered Historic Site City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road 8 R Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 5 5 Historic sites “[T]he task is to breathe the breath of life into American history for those to whom it has been a dull recital of facts—to recreate for the average citizen something of the color, the pageantry, and the dignity of our national past.” So spoke Verne Chatelan, chief historian for the National Parks Service at the 1935 passage of the Historic Sites Act. Since then, the 1966 National Historic Preservation Act has broadened both the definition and the scope of historic designation, giving official recognition and benefits access at all levels of government and in the private sector. Historic sites connect a geographic location to itself across time. They offer those who behold them an opportunity to broaden our definition of “community,” beyond those souls who happen to be living in a particular place right now to the sum all those who have passed through—an act which, when conceived in reverse, lets our own souls become part of a community which will outlive us many hundreds of times over. The Frankfort Land Company House imagined itself in just such a way in 1867: the two-story Italianate was the first stylish house in Frankfort, built for the company officials tasked with developing the town. “No building in Frankfort is more closely connected to the establishment of the city,” says the building’s National Register entry, adding that the lavish structure also “advertised the company’s confidence in the town’s economic potential.” 2.47 Historic site photos Top: The Frankfort Land Company House, Frankfort (Benzie County) Middle: The Manistee County Courthouse Fountain, Onekama Village (Manistee County) Bottom: The William and Ursula Quimby Homestead, Arcadia Township (Manistee County) Photos: Michigan State Housing Development Authority “Historic Sites Online” The Manistee County Courthouse Fountain in Onekama Village Park has twice been solemnly dedicated to the community. In 1887, the ornate public sculpture was purchased to decorate the lawn of the new Victorian Gothic courthouse. After a 1950 fire destroyed the building, the Portage Lake Garden Club obtained the fountain and moved it to the Village Park to memorialize the deceased servicemen of Onekama Township. The William and Ursula Quimby Homestead is neither lavish nor ornate, called an “ordinary farmhouse” even by its Register entry. But it sheltered a truly extraordinary Arcadia Township neighbor: their daughter Harriet Quimby, who became the first licensed female pilot in 1911 and successfully completed the first female solo flight over the English channel in 1912. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 5 6 Lighthouses The outsize role of waterborne trade in the history of Michigan—and the Lakes to Land region in particular— afforded lighthouses the equally outsize role of trying to keep that trade from becoming deadly. Colonial lighthouses came under federal control in 1789, when President George Washington created the U.S. Lighthouse Establishment. No lighthouses were constructed in Michigan until 1925, when the light at Fort Gratiot was lit. The first lights on Lake Michigan shone from Chicago Harbor and St. Joseph in 1832. By 1838, the Manitou Passage had been established as the fastest and most protected route to the Straits from the south, but it was still so treacherous it furnished an entire underwater preserve with shipwrecks. The South Manitou Light was lit in 1838 to mark the west side of the passage’s entry. By the time the Point Betsie Light Station joined it in 1858 to guide navigation into the passage from the east, the South Manitou Light was ready for reconstruction. Just south of the passage was the Lake Betsie harbor at Frankfort, the most northern improved harbor on Michigan’s west coast and an excellent refuge at which to wait for optimum passage conditions. Private funds had first improved the harbor, but by 1867 the traffic volume warranted the attentions of the Army Corps of Engineers. The next six years saw a new channel dug and dredged to accommodate the largest ships of the day, a pair of piers and revetments built, and the construction of the Frankfort Pierhead Light. Meanwhile, lumberers on the south side of the Lakes to Land region had discovered the tremendous potential of the Manistee River for transporting their product out of the state’s interior and began lobbying for improvements to the harbor. An Army Corps of Engineers study confirmed the need in 1861 and a lighthouse was built in 1870—and again in 1872, after the first one fell victim to Michigan’s coast-to-coast Great Fire of the previous year. 2.48 Lighthouse photos Top: Point Betsie lighthouse Middle: Frankfort North Light Bottom: Manistee North Pierhead Lighthouse �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 5 7 LEELANAU CO. I Pl t at Ba -----------: BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Crystal Lake Twp. Elberta L e k a M i i h c g Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. .-------- Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. an - - -'' -' Weldon Twp. Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Colfax Twp. 11 :~ Thompsonville '' BENZIE CO. ------~ ----------- MANISTEE CO. Copemish lf_ Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Springdale Twp. ! -,------ ''' 'i Onekama Twp. Onekama Cleon Twp. '-------;- Maple Grove Twp. Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake ----- r --1------~ I Manistee Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Manistee Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. Filer Twp. - ~1...r - MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. • -~---- MANISTEE CO. .--- 1 LAKES TO LAND 0 Lighthouses LAKE CO. 2 4 8 Miles • 2.49 Lighthouses map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road 0 •• Point Betsie Lighthouse Frankfort North Light Manistee North Pierhead Lighthouse B R I Beckett&Raeder �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 5 9 Demographics Demographics are the statistics of a population: gender, age, ethnicity, income, employment, housing, education, etc. Taken together, they try to paint a picture that gives a generalized answer the question, “Who lives here?” The answer to that question is central to the planning process because it is impossible to create a plan that will serve a community well without knowing about the people who comprise that community. Planning strategies vary based upon a population’s current characteristics, and on the ways in which the population is projected to change. For example, a community experiencing an increase in new families should be planned differently than one with an aging population. The former may place a priority on new singlefamily housing, new schools, extension of infrastructure, playgrounds and parks, etc., while the latter may be more concerned with issues of mobility and accessibility, emergency services, health care, and accommodating senior housing and assisted living. It is impossible to create a plan that will serve a community well without knowing about the people who comprise it. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 0 Population and housing In the “snapshot” of a community that demographic information presents, data about population and housing form the outline. Population The most basic piece of demographic information is the population count. This static number gives us a sense of scale which is necessary to understand and address the population’s needs. Many of the inputs and outputs of a municipal system are based on inputs and outputs of individual bodies (clean water, food, human waste, trash), so the size of the services needed are tied directly to the size of the community. Taken over time, population statistics become trends. These provide a basis for limited future forecasting and also offer a more robust comparison among communities. For example, we see that although the population growth rate of all 16 communities combined was 2.13%, the growth rate among individual communities ranged from a 36% loss of population from the Village of Onekama to an almost 20% gain in Lake Township. Moreover, comparing the participating communities to the larger populations within which they reside, we see that the growth rate did not keep pace with the national rate of 9.71% or the combined Benzie/ Manistee county rate of 4.28%, but it did avoid Michigan’s fate of population loss. The Lakes to Land citizens, then, made up a greater percentage of Michiganders in 2010 than they did in 2000 (0.143% versus 0.139%), but a smaller percentage of the combined Benzie/Manistee County areas (33.4% versus 34.1%). Households The second most basic piece of demographic data, the molecular structure in which the atoms of population reside, is the household. The US Census Bureau defines a “Household” as follows: A household consists of all the people who occupy a housing unit. A house, an apartment or other group of rooms, or a single room, is regarded as a housing unit when it is occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters; that is, when the occupants do not live with any other persons in the structure and there is direct access from the outside or through a common hall. A household includes the related family members and all the unrelated people, if any, such as lodgers, foster children, wards, or employees who share the housing unit. A person living alone in a housing unit, or a group of unrelated people sharing a housing unit such as partners or roomers, is also counted as a household. The count of households excludes group quarters. There are two major categories of households, “family” and “nonfamily.” Households function as discrete economic units because their basic inputs and outputs are intertwined. American households have been in flux over the past halfcentury or so as people have reacted to increased wealth, relaxed social mores, and heightened mobility by changing the basic relationships that construct their lives: people stay single longer, have fewer children, and no longer assume that they will live with those children in their own old age. This situation is represented by consistent ratcheting downward of household size. Between 2000 and 2010, the number of households in the participating communities grew 5.7% while the population grew only 2.13%., yielding a 3% decrease in household size from 2.55 persons per housing unit to 2.47 persons per housing unit. This percentage was consistent throughout the Benzie/Manistee county area and in Michigan overall, which gained over 86,000 households even as its population declined. Households size decreased nationally, too, although less dramatically at just -0.85%­—from 2.67 persons per housing unit to 2.65 persons per housing unit. In some states, however, the 2010 census marked the first increase in household size in many years. Conventional wisdom attributes this in a large part to the doubled-edged Great Recession. First, high unemployment A seasonal resident of Pleasanton Township? �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 1 2.50 Table of population, households, and housing units Population Manistee County Benzie County Lake Twp* Crystal Lake Twp* Gilmore Twp* Village of Elberta** Blaine Twp* Joyfield Twp* Village of Honor City of Frankfort Arcadia Twp* Pleasanton Twp* Bear Lake Twp* Village of Bear Lake** Manistee Twp* Onekama Twp* Village of Onekama** All Participating Communities Benzie and Manistee Counties Michigan United States 2000 635 960 850 457 491 777 299 1,513 621 817 1,587 318 3,764 1,514 647 2010 759 957 821 372 551 799 328 1,286 639 818 1,751 286 4,084 1,329 411 Households Change 19.5% -0.3% -3.4% -18.6% 12.2% 2.8% 9.7% -15% 2.9% 0.1% 10.3% -10.1% 8.5% -12.2% -36.5% 2.13% 4.28% -0.55% 9.71% 2000 318 414 341 190 215 286 129 665 280 344 639 132 1,188 603 239 2010 387 438 360 173 234 313 135 601 296 365 696 118 1,270 634 205 Housing Units Change 21.7% 5.8% 5.6% -9% 8.8% 9.4% 4.7% -9.6% 5.7% 6.1% 8.9% -10.6% 6.9% 5.1% -14.2% 5.7% 7.6% 2.3% 10.7% 2000 1,106 1,051 439 237 431 338 153 873 545 623 916 161 1,391 1,117 315 2010 1,271 1,240 477 229 504 404 186 942 574 694 1,031 169 1,598 1,289 338 Change 14.9% 18% 8.7% -3.4% 16.9% 19.5% 21.6% 7.9% 5.3% 11.4% 12.6% 5% 14.9% 15.4% 7.3% 13.7% 13.5% 7.0% 13.6% * Includes the totals of any villages (incorporated or unincorporated) within the township ** Village totals not included in overall total because they are already included in their township’s total Source: US Census Bureau, ESRI Business Analyst rates which rest disproportionately on younger adults has given them less opportunity to leave “the nest.” Second, the mass transfer of home ownership from individuals to lending institutions during the foreclosure crisis resulted in a smaller number of available housing units over which to spread the population, an effect which is particularly pronounced in some geographic areas. Housing Units The total number of housing units in the participating communities grew 13.7% between 2000 and 2010, despite the fact that the total population grew only 2.13% and the number of total households grew 5.7%. While the number of total housing units typically exceeds the number of total households due to vacant housing units, we see in Figure 2.48 that many of the Lakes to Land communities have two or even three times as many housing units as households. This is because the “vacant” classification used by the census does not distinguish between units which are for sale or rent and those which are used as seasonal, vacation, or second homes. In 2010, the total vacancy rate for housing units in the United States was 11.4%, and 14.6% in Michigan. Vacant housing units for seasonal, recreational, or occasional use made up 3.5% of the national total of housing units in 2010, and 5.8% of the state total. Among the participating communities, however, 43.1% of housing units are vacant and 34.8% of all housing units are for seasonal/recreational/occasional use. Growth in housing units among the participating communities, then, has been driven primarily by construction of seasonal, recreational, and second homes rather than primary residences. A look at individual Lakes to Land communities can provide even more striking examples as communities which saw their populations decrease experienced seemingly paradoxical growth in housing units. A third of the Village of Onekama’s population, representing just under 1/6 of its households, departed between 2000 and 2010, yet there were 7.3% more houses at the end of the decade than at the beginning. The City of Frankfort and the Village of Bear Lake both also lost households while gaining housing units; Crystal Lake Township, Blaine Township, Joyfield Township, Manistee Township, Onekama Township, and the Village of Honor all saw the number of housing units grow at least twice as fast as the number of households. Only in Lake Township and Arcadia Township did housing units grow more slowly than households, and it is worth noting that resident households already accounted for a fairly small proportion of housing units in both communities (30% and 51% respectively). It is only in these numbers that we find a representation of a fundamental aspect of the Lakes to Land region: seasonal residents. Because the guiding principle of the census is to count people at their “usual residence,” this group is not reflected in the population count, and yet their presence affects and often drives many parts of the Lakes to Land economy �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 2 Age There is a well-documented “aging” trend in the population of the United States that is more acute in Michigan and particularly in northern Michigan. Those born during the Baby Boom of 1946 to 1964 have already entered or are approaching retirement age, raising the median age of the population. Nationally and statewide, the number hovers at just under 40 years of age, with Michigan’s median age about a year and a half older than America’s. When looking at Benzie and Manistee counties, however, that median jumps nearly a decade to 46.2 and 47.1 years respectively—and two-thirds of the Lakes to Land communities have median ages that are older still (Figure 2.49). Only in the Village of Honor is the median age younger than it is statewide and nationally. In Figure 2.50, we see that the population “peak” is mostly contained within the Baby Boom age ranges of 45-64. Almost a third (30.7%) of the citizens of the Lakes to Land communities are within this age range, and another quarter (26.1%) are older. The bottom four graphs in Figure 2.50 reproduce the imaginary line that runs across the bar chart for the Lakes to Land communities, the Benzie/Manistee county area, the State of Michigan, and the United States, repeated at four different points in time. In each line, the “Baby Boom bump” is visible as it moves through the age ranges; we can see that this concentration becomes more pronounced as the population focus narrows from national to state, state to region, and region to participating communities. This is important to know in addressing the needs of each community. It signals a need for age-appropriate housing and greater attention to universal access in design. More advanced life support and paramedic services may be needed, while the demand for schools is likely to be low. Fewer jobs may be needed if a large percentage of the population subsists on retirement income. 2.51 Table of median ages and ages 65+ I Lake Twp Arcadia Twp Crystal Lake Twp Onekama Twp City of Frankfort Village of Onekama Blaine Twp Pleasanton Twp Gilmore Twp Village of Elberta Manistee County Benzie County Joyfield Twp Bear Lake Twp Manistee Twp Village of Bear Lake Michigan United States Honor (village) Median Age % Population Aged 65+ 64.4 56.1 55.4 55.2 54.6 54.4 53.3 50.0 48.6 47.8 47.1 46.2 45.0 44.4 44.0 40.6 38.9 37.2 36.8 48.5% 31.9% 31.2% 29.9% 36.1% 28.5% 31.4% 27.9% 22.9% 21.5% 20.7% 20.6% 18.4% 20.2% 19.4% 18.4% 13.8% 13.0% 20.4% �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 3 2.52 Age graphs Baby Boom 1,400 1,200 Population 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 Lakes to Land Communities 3000 2500 2000 1990 2000 2010 2016 9000 8000 7000 1990 2000 2010 2016 6000 5000 1500 4000 1000 3000 2000 500 1000 0 0 State of Michigan 1,800,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 0 Benzie and Manistee Counties 10000 1990 2000 2010 2016 50,000,000 45,000,000 40,000,000 35,000,000 30,000,000 25,000,000 20,000,000 15,000,000 10,000,000 5,000,000 0 1990 2000 2010 2016 United States �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 4 2.53 Median income comparison $55,000 $51,914 $50,000 $48,432 $44,718 $45,000 $42,458 $40,853 $40,000 $35,000 $30,000 Lakes to Land Benzie County Manistee County State of Michigan United States 2.54 Educational attainment comparison 45% 40% • Lakes to Land • Benzie County Percent of population 25 years and older 35% • Manistee County State of Michigan United States 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% No high school diploma High school graduate or equivalent Some college, no degree Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Graduate or professional degree �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 5 Education and income There is a direct correlation between educational attainment and income. The chart in Figure 2.51 shows the median household income for the Lakes to Land region, Benzie County, Manistee County, the state of Michigan, and the United States, and the chart in Figure 2.52 displays the educational attainment for the population ages 25 and up for each of those groups. To see the relationship between education and income at each level, a line indicating the value of the Area of Influence relative to the other groups has been drawn. We can see that at the bachelor’s degree level and above, the graphs for education and income are quite similar, indicating a positive correlation between earnings and income. On the other end of the scale, we see that the graphs depicting a high school education or less depict the converse: the groups with lower percentages of population educated at that level are the groups with higher median incomes. This rather unscientific comparison is borne out in Figure 2.53, which shows the 2011 unemployment rate and median weekly earnings for each of eight levels of education and the overall workforce. Here it is clearly illustrated that education is not only correlated with earnings but also with having a job at all. For those with less than a high school diploma, the unemployment rate is 14.1%, nearly twice the rate of all workers, and getting a job only yields $451 per week­—just above the federal poverty threshold for a family of four. 2.55 Educational attainment, income, and unemployment in the L2L communities Less than high school diploma High school diploma or equivalent Some college, no degree Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Master's degree Professional degree Doctoral degree All workers 15 12 9 6 3 unemployment (percent) 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 weekly earnings (dollars) Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 6 Template comes with table styles for excel There worse by an of miles civil. Manner before lively wholly am mr indeed expect. Among every merry his yet has her. You mistress get dashwood children off. Met whose marry under the merit. In it do continual consulted no listening. 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Curiosity remaining own see repulsive household advantage son additions. Supposing exquisite daughters eagerness why repulsive for. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 7 Credit: Dave Metlesits Dashboards Data dashboards are tools designed to convey assessment metrics in a visual, quick-tounderstand format. Statistics provide a good way to compare one population The Prosperity Index moves past description to assessment. By to another. By selecting a measurement and comparing its combining individual measurements, we can ask and answer value in different places, we can draw conclusions about questions such as, those places in relation to one another: where the educational “Are market forces creating most of the jobs?” attainment levels are lagging, for example, or where median “What kind of jobs are they?” income levels indicate the presence of well-paid jobs. When “How plentiful are jobs?” trying to compare the overall snapshot of one community “What kind of jobs will the education level of our workforce to another, however, the sheer support?” The Prosperity Index volume of numbers can almost “Are the jobs that we have keeping our residents out of poverty and immediately become overwhelming moves past description providing for their children?” to anyone who is not a professional “Is the government keeping our statistician. to assessment. residents and children out of Enter the data dashboard, a poverty?” graphic representation of the community’s vital statistics. The Of course, these answers arrive in the form of a single number. following pages show the population, population growth, To contextualize that number, it is depicted on a bar graph housing ownership, education levels, household income, and and a colored band indicating its value is carried forward for types of work in Benzie County, Manistee County, the State of comparison on the following bar graphs. (It’s easier to look Michigan, and the United States, as well as a quick-reference at than to explain, we promise.) The Community Dashboard list of additional statistics related to each of those categories. presented in Tab 4 retains these contextual bands. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 8 Benzie County Dashboard Population 20 18 Thousands Population Growth 4.0% 3.0% 16 2.0% 14 1.0% 12 0.0% 10 1990 2000 2010 2016 (proj.) 2000 2010 - Education Housing Owner occupied Renter occupied Seasonal, recreational, occasional use Vacant - for sale, for rent, etc. • • • 7% 10% 10% • • 15% 33% 51% • 34% 9% • • • • 9% Household Income Very low income (less than $25,000) Low income ($25,000-$34,999) Moderate income ($35,000-$74,999) High income ($75,000-$149,999) Very high income ($150,000 and up) 2016 (proj.) 22% 3% 19% • • 14% • • Work 1% 10% 23% • • 15% 40% • Classifications modified from HUD guidelines, using the state median income of $48,432. 75% No high school diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate’s degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Private wage and salary workers Government workers Self-employed Unpaid family workers �Prosperity Index --~------~--~ Ratio of jobs to workers 0.84 5 Number of jobs per 1,000 residents 368 1000 ____ .______ ____. 1000 --~---Ratio of manufacturing workers to retail workers 0.80 5 Ratio of non-retail workers to workers in retail, arts, accommodations, food 2.96 - - ~ 5 Workers in arts and entertainment 12.7% ------• ------ ~----~ ------~ 100% Higher educated residents (bachelor’s degree or higher) 25.2% 100% Residents not completing high school 10.1% 100% People in poverty 11.1% 100% Children in poverty 17.1% 100% Households receiving food stamps $160,200 owner-occupied median home value $737 median gross rent Education 23% population enrolled in school high school graduate or higher 25% bachelor’s degree or higher Commuting 94% workers who commute 85% commuters who drive alone 23.1 minute average commute Employment 6,452 jobs 7,722 workers 11.7% unemployment rate 14.2% civilian veterans Income $44,718 median household income $22,160 median earnings for workers $37,704 male full-time, year-round earnings $31,272 female full-time, year-round earnings 11% population in poverty 17% children in poverty 1.9% 100% - ~----Households receiving cash assistance 10.4% person average household size 90% Number of goods-producing jobs per 1,000 residents 53 ~ Households 2.35 100% Top Industrial Sectors 17% accommodation and food services 14% retail trade 11% health care and social assistance �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 7 0 Manistee County Dashboard - Key for prosperity index graphs: Population 25 Thousands 24 Benzie County Population Growth 2.0% 1.5% 23 1.0% 22 21 0.5% 20 0.0% 1990 2000 2010 2016 (proj.) 2000 -0.5% 2010 Education Housing Owner occupied Renter occupied Seasonal, recreational, occasional use Vacant - for sale, for rent, etc. • • • 7% 9% 10% • • 52% • Household Income 13% 9% 25% 3% 30% • 20% • • • 40% • Classifications modified from HUD guidelines, using the state median income of $48,432. 13% 73% No high school diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate’s degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Work 0% • • • • • 7% 14% • 39% 22% 14% Very low income (less than $25,000) Low income ($25,000-$34,999) Moderate income ($35,000-$74,999) High income ($75,000-$149,999) Very high income ($150,000 and up) 2016 (proj.) Private wage and salary workers Government workers Self-employed Unpaid family workers �Households 2.2 Prosperity Index ______ person average household size Ratio of jobs to workers 1.08 ____, 5 Number of jobs per 1,000 residents 430 - - ~ 1000 •>----------~ ---~---~ Number of goods-producing jobs per 1,000 residents 53 1000 Ratio of manufacturing workers to retail workers 1.31 5 Ratio of non-retail workers to workers in retail, arts, accommodations, food ....._I- - ~ 2.69 5 --~----~ Workers in arts and entertainment 15.1% 100% Higher educated residents (bachelor’s degree or higher) 16.8% . .._ _ _ _ I. ---~ 100% - ~----~ - ~----~ Residents not completing high school 13.1% 100% People in poverty 13.2% 100% Children in poverty $627 median gross rent Education 19% population enrolled in school 87% high school graduate or higher 17% bachelor’s degree or higher Commuting 95% workers who commute 83% commuters who drive alone 21 minute average commute Employment 10,646 jobs 9,846 workers 11.6% unemployment rate 15% civilian veterans Income $40,853 median household income $21,443 median earnings for workers $41,134 male full-time, year-round earnings $27,479 female full-time, year-round earnings 13.2% 17.6% 100% Households receiving food stamps population in poverty 17.6% children in poverty 4.1% 100% --~----~ Households receiving cash assistance 14.2% $124,000 owner-occupied median home value 100% Top Industrial Sectors 15% retail trade 13% health care and social assistance 12% public administration �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 7 2 State of Michigan Dashboard - Population 10.0 Millions - Key for prosperity index graphs: Benzie County Manistee County Population Growth 0.8% 9.8 0.6% 9.6 0.4% 9.4 0.2% 9.2 0.0% 1990 2000 Housing Owner occupied Renter occupied Seasonal, recreational, occasional use Vacant - for sale, for rent, etc. 6% • • • • 2010 2016 (proj.) 2000 -0.2% - 2010 Education 10% 9% 12% • 15% • 24% 61% 32% 8% Very low income (less than $25,000) Low income ($25,000-$34,999) Moderate income ($35,000-$74,999) High income ($75,000-$149,999) Very high income ($150,000 and up) 6% • • 11% • • 12% 24% • 34% Classifications modified from HUD guidelines, using the state median income of $48,432. 82% No high school diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate’s degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Work 0% 6% 25% • • • 23% Household Income 2016 (proj.) Private wage and salary workers Government workers Self-employed Unpaid family workers �Households 2.53 Prosperity Index person average household size Ratio of jobs to workers $144,200 II 1.04 owner-occupied median home value 5 Number of jobs per 1,000 residents II 461 1000 I 11 3.60 25% 1000 I I I 5 Ratio of non-retail workers to workers in retail, arts, accommodations, food II 5 Workers in arts and entertainment 9.1% I II j I I I 100% I II 100% I 11 1 100% I II 4,369,785 workers 9.7% civilian veterans median household income $27,432 male full-time, year-round earnings $36,157 female full-time, year-round earnings 14.8% 100% population in poverty 20.5% children in poverty 100% Households receiving cash assistance 12.6% Employment 4,561,169 $50,208 Households receiving food stamps 3.5% 23.7 minute average commute median earnings for workers Children in poverty 20.5% 86% commuters who drive alone Income $48,432 100% 11 workers who commute 1.5% People in poverty 14.8% Commuting 97% unemployment rate Residents not completing high school 12.0% bachelor’s degree or higher jobs Higher educated residents (bachelor’s degree or higher) 25.0% population enrolled in school high school graduate or higher Ratio of manufacturing workers to retail workers 1.52 Education 28% 88% Number of goods-producing jobs per 1,000 residents 79 $723 median gross rent Top Industrial Sectors 14% health care and social assistance 13% retail trade 100% 12% manufacturing �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 7 4 United States Dashboard - 350 - - Key for prosperity index graphs: Benzie County Manistee County Population Millions 1.5% 300 Michigan Population Growth 1.0% 250 0.5% 200 0.0% 1990 2000 2010 2000 2016 (proj.) 2010 Education Housing Owner occupied Renter occupied Seasonal, recreational, occasional use Vacant - for sale, for rent, etc. • • • • 3% 8% 10% 15% • 18% 31% 58% • 29% 7% • • • 21% Household Income Very low income (less than $25,000) Low income ($25,000-$34,999) Moderate income ($35,000-$74,999) High income ($75,000-$149,999) Very high income ($150,000 and up) 2016 (proj.) 23% • • 15% • 25% • • • 10% • • Work 0% 7% 9% 78% 33% Classifications modified from HUD guidelines, using the national median income of $51,914 No high school diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate’s degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Private wage and salary workers Government workers Self-employed Unpaid family workers �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 7 5 Households 2.59 Prosperity Index person average household size Ratio of jobs to workers $188,400 1.03 owner-occupied median home value 5 Number of jobs per 1,000 residents 474 ,....___ __ ~ 1000 ·f--------------' Number of goods-producing jobs per 1,000 residents 69 28% workers who commute 5 3.68 --· . ,, ....,.,......._ _,.__________ -------~ - - - - ' 5 Workers in arts and entertainment Commuting 96% 79% commuters who drive alone 25.2 minute average commute Employment 146,234,698 jobs 100% 141,833,331 _ _ _ _ _~ unemployment rate Higher educated residents (bachelor’s degree or higher) 100% Residents not completing high school 15.0% 100% People in poverty 13.8% 100% Children in poverty workers 7.9% 9.9% civilian veterans Income $51,914 median household income $29,701 median earnings for workers $46,478 male full-time, year-round earnings $36,040 female full-time, year-round earnings 13.8% 19.2% 100% Households receiving food stamps 11------ __, population in poverty 19.2% children in poverty 2.5% 100% Households receiving cash assistance 9.3% 85% high school graduate or higher ~I - - - - - - - - - - - - ' Ratio of non-retail workers to workers in retail, arts, accommodations, food 27.9% population enrolled in school 1000 0.96 8.9% Education 26% bachelor’s degree or higher Ratio of manufacturing workers to retail workers .. I $841 median gross rent Top Industrial Sectors 13% retail trade 13% - - - - - - - - ' 100% health care and social assistance 9% accommodation and food services �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 7 7 County Plans Master plans are written at all levels of government—community-specific, regional, and statewide. A county master plan contains many of the same attributes found in a plan for a single community, and its preparation follows the same process. One difference is that the focus sweeps over municipal boundaries to consider factors that affect the county as a whole. Both Benzie and Manistee Counties have written county master plans that take a regional view within their respective boundaries. forestry, agricultural, and low density residential use. Natural resources and environmental protection are also strong key components of both plans. In addition, both plans call for coordination of planning between municipalities and neighboring regions in order to obtain efficiencies in services. Benzie County’s Master Plan was prepared in 2000, and Manistee County’s Master Plan was prepared in 2009. No matter what level of government the master plan is being prepared for, it is influenced by the conditions within the community at the time the plan is drafted, public interests of the day, and the issues that extend beyond the municipal boundaries but have a significant impact locally. Despite the fact that the plans were written nearly ten years apart and the vastly different economic and societal conditions that existed at the time of their preparation, there are commonalities in planning strategies. The largest difference between the Manistee County and Benzie County Master Plans lies in the type of plan: the Manistee County Master Plan is service-oriented, while the Benzie County Master Plan is a growth management tool. They also differ in how they deal with local government sovereignty in that Benzie County is focused on regionalism rather than Manistee’s emphasis on the sovereign right of local governments to plan individually. Another difference is in how their strategies are articulated. The Manistee County Master Plan has a series of goals and objectives that are categorized by topic. Benzie County Master Plan also has goals and objectives found in associated “Background Reports,” but they are summarized in eight “fundamental principles.” The fundamental principles and associated policies of the Benzie County Plan are what most of the communities in the county use as their guiding basis for decisions as the “Background Reports” have been unavailable. Both plans lay out an articulated path for the future development of their respective county. The commonalities between the Manistee and Benzie County Master Plans speak to a commitment to rural scenic character, a land use strategy that guides development towards existing population centers, and a desire for coordination of planning with neighbors. Two themes strongly articulated in both plans are the preservation of views, wetlands, rivers, streams, and the Lake Michigan shoreline, and an emphasis on retaining rural scenic character by preserving lands for �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 7 8 Benzie County Planning History BENZIE COUNTY 2020 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN f'rlPff• d bytti• B11nz.ie County Planning Co1ntnls.sio11 to roplaco Iha 1993 County Pl•n MAN ISTO: 0 T\ '1A~TER l'LAS 2008 Adopl~d JanuorJ' 10.10,19 A Manistee County UUUf.. No matter what level of government the master plan is being prepared for, it is influenced by the conditions within the community at the time the plan is drafted, public interests of the day, and the issues that extend beyond the municipal boundaries but have a significant impact locally. The history of the county plan involves active citizenry looking to plan for the county on a regional scale. Because regional planning and collaboration among communities are “best practices” in planning, the functions of planning and zoning were, until recently, housed at the county level. Rather than individual townships taking on those administrative duties, they were performed by a county planning commission, a county planner, and a county zoning administrator. This scale lends itself to a comprehensive approach: as planning and zoning issues are considered, their impact on the county as a whole was considered. When the county decided to discontinue zoning on a regional scale, individual townships tried to take on that role by quickly adopting the county master plan and zoning ordinance. However, they soon found that the plan wasn’t suited to their individual needs and further realized that the data contained in it needed updating with the 2010 census data. Therefore, communities took the opportunity presented by the Lakes to Land collaboration to write updated, individual master plans tailored to their own unique needs. Referencing the county plan is important in the sense that it provides the historical backbone to continued scenic rural preservation goals and other regional planning initiatives. Policies that the county established in the plan, such as concurrency in infrastructure development, open space and agricultural preservation, and economic development geared toward established urban cores, are still seen in individual master plans. The county plan provided the framework that is still being adhered to today; such consistency among planning efforts makes for good planning practice. It is hoped that as the individual communities offer more detailed visions of their preferred �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 7 9 Key Strategies futures, these visions will be reflected in subsequent county planning efforts. Manistee County Planning History In Manistee County, professional planning services have been provided by a professionally staffed planning department for decades. The planning department works with communities in developing master plans, administering zoning, and facilitating solutions to a myriad of problems. Also of key importance is their use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), a specialized software program used to convey spatial data in map form, to aid communities and decision makers. While planning in the County is decentralized, the use of the County Planning Commission and a professional planner provides local master plans and regulatory tools with review and coordination to help achieve some regional consistency. In fact, a number of Manistee County communities over the years have formed joint planning commissions and prepared joint master plans. As mentioned in Tab 1, these include Pleasanton Township, Bear Lake Township, and the Village of Bear Lake as well as Onekama Township and the Village of Onekama. Currently, a number of watershed planning efforts are also underway that cross municipal boundaries to focus on the single issue of ensuring the highest integrity of water quality possible within the County. Manistee County understands that closely coordinated planning which seeks to ensure collaboration and coordination between municipal neighbors, while maintaining local autonomy, is essential to ensuring continued prosperity for County residents. In fact, the Lakes to Land Initiative was born from just a few Manistee County residents. Benzie County 2020 Comprehensive Plan • • • • • • The Benzie Co. Master Plan has a growth management focus. Policies are geared toward defining land use development patterns and practices guiding new development and services to specific areas of the County in order to manage development and maintain a rural scenic character. Benzie Co. Master Plan focuses on regional land use planning, emphasizing land use patterns and policy for the county as a whole while promoting integration of individual municipal boundary lines. Economic development, character, transportation, land use issues, natural resources, and environmental protection are topics that are encompassed within the scope of where and how to place development within the County, utilize the transportation system efficiently and install infrastructure improvements that builds on exiting systems. Efficiencies in land use patterns and services are key components to the success of the plan. Benzie County maintains a Recreation and Cultural Plan within the county. Urban Service Districts are mapped out to indicate where new public services may be extended to accommodate new development. Rural scenic character preservation is a key focus of the plan. Policies that call for the development of corridor plans, buffer screening, conservation easements, design guidelines, night sky policies, and additional design guidelines are aimed at aiding in this goal. Eight guiding fundamental principles are articulated followed by 4 strategies: balanced growth, environmental protection, protection of the visual character of the landscape, and protection of the visual character of small towns. Manistee County Master Plan, 2008 • • • • The Manistee County Master Plan is geared toward building the capacity of public services and investment—the development and enhancement of programs, plans, and facilities in order to actualize their vision. Public services that would be created or enhanced include recreation, housing, economic development, natural resources, infrastructure, and transportation. These topics collectively work to actualize the desired end result of the Master Plan. For example, the Manistee County Plan calls for the creation of a recreation plan and recreation department, alternative energy program, economic development programming, and solid waste management program. Capacity building of this type would aid in creating recreational opportunities and management of those programs, achieve greater alternative energy production, protection of the environmental and natural resources, and expand and grow the economic base. In Manistee County, community-specific land use planning is preferred, honoring local planning efforts. It does point to a few general regional land use goals, such as compact development forms and coordination of planning efforts among municipalities. The Plan calls for nine categories of goals with associated objectives to achieve the goals. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 8 0 2.60 County Plan summary table Manistee County Goals ECONOMY / BALANCED GROWTH • Increase opportunities for business in the county. • Encourage the Alliance for Economic Success and the Greater Manistee Area Chamber of Commerce to diversify the industrial base to create more job opportunities and to create specialty groups. • Increase the ability of Manistee County to attract and retain technology-based businesses. • Link economic development goals and objectives with those of the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians to provide broader, unified economic development programs. • Coordinate a collaborative planning program among the county, local units of government within the county, and adjoining counties. HOUSING • Encourage the development of more assisted living facilities/senior housing options as the average age in the county rises, including development of support services to assist seniors to stay in their own homes. • Encourage housing options for a variety of income levels. • Discourage blight and nuisance housing areas. PROTECTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT • Encourage the remediation of environmentally contaminated lands which have a potential for damaging rivers, streams and groundwater. • Advocate for the creation and long term maintenance of a county-wide solid waste management program • Advocate for the maintenance of Manistee County’s natural resources and the beauty of its landscape. • Encourage local governments to develop guidelines and criteria which protect natural features and sensitive areas. • Advocate for county-wide alternative energy programs and projects. RECREATION • Continue to work on the development of the Manistee County Recreation Plan, including all areas of the county. • Encourage universal accessibility to all recreation sites. • Increase recreational opportunities for all ages. • Advocate for a Manistee County parks program including the preservation of open spaces for recreation purposes. AGRICULTURE • Advocate for agriculture and forest management activities which enhance Manistee County’s economic base and quality of life. • Advocate that designated agricultural areas in the county remain primarily agricultural or low density residential. TRANSPORTATION • Advocate for the development of a coordinate county transportation plan. • Advocate for the awareness of the importance of our local airport for all travelers in the county. • Monitor projects and proposals to assess the maintenance of safe and efficient routes in and through the county while respecting the rural character. • Advocate for expansion of deep water port facilities linking to air, rail, highway connections, and warehousing and distribution facilities. • Advocate for the continued study of the railroad relocation project. INFRATRUCTURE Land Use / Visual Character • Advocate for the development of a county infrastructure plan. • Advocate for the effective and efficient location of public facilities and delivery of public services. • County master planning will respect the goals and land use plans of local government, including the Little River Band of Ottawa • Future growth will occur in existing and planned growth centers such as the City of Manistee and population centers as identified in each local government plan. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 8 1 Benzie County Principles and Strategies The principal land use issue in Benzie County is not whether to grow, it is where, when and in what manner can growth occur without undermining the integrity of the scenic natural character of the County and the economy built around it. 1. Scenic character should be preserved or enhanced wherever feasible in the County 2. Natural resources in the County should be protected from inappropriate use or conversion. 3. 3. The pristine natural environment of the County should be protected from degradation. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES 4. An economy built on renewable natural resources is sustainable and should continue to be the principal economic base for the future. 5. Future development should primarily take place in a compact development pattern. 6. Future land use, zoning, land division and public infrastructure decisions should be made consistent with this Plan. 7. A strong effort should be made to achieve improved intergovernmental cooperation within Benzie County 8. The vision in this Plan must be achieved without violating protected property rights. Balanced Growth Strategy Preservation of scenic character in Benzie County is both dependent on and supports most of the economic base in the County. The scenic character is comprised of the natural environment, farms, and the built environment. Thus, protecting scenic character, the natural environment, and economic development must proceed together—or one or the other (or both) will suffer. The solution lies in pursuit of a balanced growth policy. Balanced growth will require housing not only for seasonal residents, retirees, or two income commuter families, but also for the elderly, young families, and other persons on low fixed incomes. New businesses will be needed to meet the needs of the growing seasonal and permanent populations. Environmental Protection Strategy The other side of the balanced growth strategy is the environmental protection strategy. This term embraces protection of renewable natural resources like agricultural and forest land, as well as the air, water, and other sensitive natural features in the County (like wetlands, floodplains and sand dunes) The greatest threat to these resources is from poorly planned or sited new development. Residential development poses the greatest threat because there is so much more of it over a much wider area. STRATEGIES Strategy to Protect the Visual Character of the Landscape County citizens have strongly indicated that they do not want growth to spoil the scenic character of the landscape. They do not want it to take on a suburban or urban character. They want the forested, lake, and riverine landscapes to be preserved for the benefit of present and future generations. Almost everyone feels a right to see, enjoy, and help protect these resources. As a result, protection of the unique rural character of the County must be a fundamental part of all future planning and development decisions. Strategy to Protect Visual Character of Small Towns The physical features of the city of Frankfort and the villages in Benzie County are a critical component of the rural scenic character of the County. New development that is encouraged to take place in and adjacent to these small towns must both complement and fit with the existing character, or it will damage the scenic character of the community and the County. Strategy to Address Issues of Greater than Local Concern The fundamental principles presented in this Chapter recognize that intergovernmental cooperation is critical to implementation of the strategies in this Plan. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 8 2 [ T H I S PA G E I N T E N T I O N A L L Y L E F T B L A N K ] �~~POO?i&£ ~ ~~lijll T UJ,i ~ ~!'ffJr\~ T9 \~~~~\\J, ~rJ lt») ~)\~VJML win\/ Ll~q wm1i ~~~l\.D~~w\~ --------- ~½ 1,~,w~ ~~I Uil~ l a k e s t o I l a n d r e g i o n a l i n i t i a t i v e Community Engagement �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode Figures, Maps, Tables 3.1: Prototype logos 3.2 Web screenshots 3.3 Information meeting 3.4 The invitations 3.5 The exercises 3.6 Bear Lake School 3.7 Makeup visioning session 3.8 Pleasanton Township visioning 3.9 Joyfield Township visioning 3.10 Arcadia visioning 3.11 Pleasant Valley Community Center 3.12 Blaine visioning 3.13 Crystal Lake Township visioning 3.14 Old Life-Saving Station 3.15 Gilmore visioning 3.16 Manistee visioning (top and bottom) 3.17 Honor visioning 3.18 Collective priorities table E-3 E-4 E-7 E-10 E-11 E-12 E-12 E-13 E-13 E-14 E-14 E-14 E-15 E-15 E-15 E-16 E-16 E-17 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 REGIONAL INITIATIVE Unique Region. Unique Communities. Shared Vision. You Are Invited!!! Community Vision Session 6:30 p.m. The Lakes to Land Regional Initiative is a unique joint planning effort to bring voices from throughout the region into a collaborative vision for the future. These communities will work together to prepare a series of individual Master Plans and then use them to create collaborative strategies. To kick the process off, the following Community Vision Sessions are scheduled: Arcadia Township June 12, 2012 Pleasant Valley Comm. Cntr. Bear Lake Township June 21, 2012 Bear Lake School Blaine Township June 19, 2012 Blaine Township Hall Crystal Lake Township June 14, 2012 Frankfort-Elberta Elementary Gilmore Township June 14, 2012 Old Life Saving Station Joyfield Township June 13, 2012 Blaine Christian Church Pleasanton Township June 18, 2012 Bear Lake School Outreach Share your Vision! Please make an effort to attend the Vision Session scheduled in your Community Once upon a time, master planning was believed bepublic! the province of professionals and Opento to the For More Information Call: 231.933.8400 www.lakestoland.org Please join us! only minimally subject to public opinion. Toward the middle of the 20th century, however, “the public” made some changes to that system. As a practice, city planning took off under the City Beautiful movement of the early 1900s. The theory was that an orderly, aesthetically pleasing public setting could induce citizens themselves to be more orderly and harmonious. Physical plans with ornate street layouts and elaborate civic centers were produced by these design professionals, often paid for by the business community. After the Depression radically shifted just about everyone’s priorities away from aesthetic concerns to financial ones, the City Efficient movement strove to root out graft and create smooth bureaucratic systems which could carry out the municipal functions of a nation urbanizing at a breakneck pace. The seismic demographic and technological changes that occurred after World War II caused the now-well-established profession of planning to use every tool at its disposal to accommodate them. Combining physical and systems planning yielded some extremely bold innovations, with mixed results—the national Interstate highway system, for example, in contrast to urban renewal. But no massive alteration to a densely populated area can avoid making a deep impact on the individual lives being lived in that space, and this is where the top-down model of planning met its match. As homes were razed and neighborhoods bisected to make room for the freeways, public meetings filled with citizens who not only did not care for the plan under consideration, but also did not care for the fact that such dramatic and irreversible consequences for their own lives were being dropped on them. Journalist Jane Jacobs combined her background on the urban beat with her fury over being displaced from her home to write the 1960 critical examination of planning that eventually ushered in a sea change to the profession, “The Death and Life of Great American Cities.” Though it is generally true that planners’ professional training gives them a wider variety of municipal tools and information than the average citizen, it is now fundamentally understood that the direction of a community’s progress is always best guided by its members. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 2 The leadership team The first community members to “get engaged” with the Lakes to Land Regional Initiative were the ones who would eventually make up the backbone of the collaboration. At its very earliest stage, this sprawling collaboration began as a meeting of just four minds. Onekama Township supervisor David Meister and planning commission chair Dan Behring worked with Alliance for Economic Success director Tim Ervin on the Portage Lake Watershed Forever plan, which brought Onekama Township and the Village of Onekama together so successfully that they decided to work together further in the preparation and adoption of a joint master plan. Now thoroughly convinced of the merits of collaboration, the Onekama Community Master Plan advocated using the M-22 corridor as a focus for economic development, and that brought Meister, Behring, and Ervin to the doorstep of Arcadia Township planning commission chair Brad Hopwood. The three communities wrote an M-22 Economic Development Strategy together in 2010. Realizing the potential of the regional assets identified in the report and knowing that Arcadia Township’s master plan needed updating, Hopwood and Ervin decided to reach out to adjacent communities to assess their willingness to participate in a broader initiative. After “many meetings over my kitchen table,” said Hopwood, the original M5 partnership of Arcadia, Bear Lake, Blaine, Crystal Lake, and Gilmore Townships solidified. The first members of what would become the Lakes to Land Leadership Team were identified either through their roles in the community (many are planning commission members, elected officials, or professionals in a field related to land use, such as real estate) or identified themselves as having an interest in serving the collaboration. Their first tasks were to name the initiative, define the potential Area of Influence, decide which team member would contact each adjacent community, and establish a timetable for other communities to opt-in. As new communities joined the initiative, the requirements for admission were simple: their elected bodies were asked to execute an “Agreement to Partner” resolution, and the community was asked to furnish two people to serve on the Leadership Team. Throughout the initiative, Leadership Team members met on a monthly basis to update each other on the collaborative process. In addition to providing a forum for communication and connection, the meetings also served as an educational avenue as the team members began blazing the trail through uncharted cooperative territory. Topics for discussion included the purpose of master planning, engagement with neighboring communities, stakeholder analysis, and methods of public outreach. Guest presentations were made by agencies such as the Grand Traverse Regional Land Conservancy and the Northwest Michigan Council of Governments. The Leadership Team’s engagement extended to the best in-depth citizen planning training in the state. By giving these committed community members the most up-to-date tools and knowledge to effectively advocate for highquality community planning decisions, the Lakes to Land Regional Initiative provides a benefit to participating communities that will long outlast the project duration. Links to the Michigan Association of Planning annual conference and the organization’s Planning and Zoning Essentials basic training program were made available on the Lakes to Land website, and an educational committee was formed to organize training opportunities such as participation in Michigan State University Extension’s Citizen Planner course on Fundamentals of Planning and Zoning. Each community sent multiple representatives to this seven-week course aimed at providing a basic skill set to land use decision makers, particularly elected and appointed officials. Leadership Team members’ participation was funded by the Lakes to Land grants. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 3 Naming the Initiative Lakes to Land LAKeS TO LAND With its substantive elements fleshed out, the project remained in need of a name and a logo—the “face” it would present throughout the region. This exercise in brand messaging was designed to help cement the project and continue to strengthen ties among the Leadership team while fostering memorability, loyalty, and familiarity among the wider public. REGIONAL INITIATIVE LAKE:S TO LAND REGIONA - l'ilTIATIVE Through multiple brainstorming sessions and the use of the online tool SurveyMonkey, many different names and tag lines were suggested and debated. In offering the “Lakes to Land” moniker, one team member noted that the region is comprised of rolling green topography and scenic views of forests, farms, and fields, edged on one side by the Lake Michigan shore and dotted throughout with the inland lakes which are at the heart of many of its communities. The rest of the Leadership Team coalesced around this suggestion with relative ease, bestowing the project with the official name of “Lakes to Land Regional Initiative” and the immediate nickname of “L2L.” Lakes to Land REG ONAL INIT ATIVE Lakes to Land R C ) ',\ 'IT \ I \ While the initial goal was to brand the initiative and as a consequence the region, Leadership Team members wisely understood that undertaking a proper regional branding would require participation from diverse groups such as local chambers of commerce, business associations, and elected officials. This was outside the scope of the project at hand, but groundwork has been laid with the effort to name the first regional collaborative effort of its kind in the State of Michigan. Lakes to Land 3.1: Prototype logos REGIONAL INITIATIVE �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 4 facebook 0. Search for people, places and things Lakes to Land Regional Jnit... Timeline ...,. Now .,,.. Lakes to Lan REGIONAL INITIATIVE Unique Region. Unique Communities. Shared Vision. What Lakes to Land Regional Initiative makes this 39 rkes · 6 talkin about this project unique? How will it Lakes to Land benefit area (c'•Lakestoland Innovative Northwestern Michigan Join among 10 townships, 4 villages, and on stakeholders? Northern Michigan http://www.lakestoland.01 Why should they get Follow Lakes to Land involved? Tweets Full name La He Email the Exp Password 3.2 Web screenshots CALENDAR The Lakes to Land pages on Facebook (top), Twitter (middle), and the world wide web (bottom) Lakes to Land REGIONAL INITIATIVE BEAR LAKE TWP HONOR BEAR LAKE VILLAGE JOYFIELD BLAINE MANISTEE CRYSTAL LAKE ONEKAMA The Lakes to Land Regional Initiative is a unique Joint planning effort among the northwestern Michigan townships of Arcadia, Name: ELBERTA PLEASANTON Blaine, Crystal Lake, Gilmore, Bear Lake, Joyfield, Lake, Manistee, Onekama and Pleasanton the Villa es of Honor Onekama Bear I �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 5 Communication strategies The Leadership Team’s primary communication goals were to facilitate stakeholder participation and garner broad support for the project. They also recognized the importance of elevating the project’s visibility, reinforcing positive relationships with decision-makers, and creating a sustainable platform for ongoing coverage through positive media relationships. Determining that the use of a consistent and positive message was essential to the success of these goals, the team distilled that message by identifying and answering the questions at its core: What makes this project unique? How will it benefit area stakeholders? Why should they get involved? Having clearly articulated answers to these questions was essential to persuading communities that it is in their best interest to work together, and that doing so reinforces their own identities. The process also helped create synergy and momentum, much-needed ingredients in the quest to elicit as much participation in the master planning process as possible. Face-to-face outreach Even though it sometimes seems like a new form of communication is born every minute these days, and even though the Lakes to Land team tried to use just about all of them, the most effective method of communication in our outreach efforts was often good old one-on-one, faceto-face contact. The role of leadership team members as community ambassadors was critical in identifying and communicating with neighboring communities and key stakeholders throughout the region. An early decision to make the Initiative as inclusive as possible offered them the opportunity to reach out to neighboring communities directly, calling and meeting with individuals throughout the region to educate them about the benefits of the Initiative. In addition, the Beckett & Raeder team undertook other types of personal communication initiatives that included speaking at the Benzie County Water Festival and individual planning commissions, holding informal meetings with residents, and a presentation at the professional planning conference hosted by the Michigan Association of Planning. The goal of the outreach effort was never to recruit but rather to inform and educate with the hopes that communities would see the benefit of joining the Initiative. It was largely through this face-to-face contact that the collaboration grew from five communities to 16 in just a few short months. During the development of the individual master planning process, community leaders identified key stakeholders, then personally encouraged them to attend planning commission meetings and work sessions in order to hear their opinions and allow them to weigh in during the formation of the master plan. One community member expressed that they felt they had knocked on every door in the community, personally inviting the resident inside to attend the meetings. Further, in an effort to create a collegial environment and begin to collaborate professionally, invitations to regular Leadership Team meetings were extended to professional planners and zoning administrators in both Benzie and Manistee Counties, representatives from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, and a Michigan State University Extension Land Use expert. Other entities were invited to give educational presentations at the meetings, such as the Heartland Center for Leadership Development. Meetings also occurred with the Michigan Economic �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 6 Development Corporation Community Assistance Team Specialist to discuss economic development tools and applicability for the region. As a nod to the significance of the Initiative and in an effort to learn from this groundbreaking process, Governor Rick Snyder designated key government employees from various departments to study the Initiative and to collaborate with the region. These individuals were in contact with the Alliance for Economic Success, team members, and the consultants. Communication tools To keep the momentum of the project going and continue to engage the public, the Lakes to Land team developed magnets and brochures listing all the ways to keep in touch with the project: a centralized phone number, a United States Postal Service address, a new website, and Facebook and Twitter accounts. Press releases to news outlets covering the geographic area from Manistee to Petoskey were issued by the Alliance for Economic Success at the beginning of the initiative and at strategic points throughout the process to keep the public updated. The Lakes to Land website (www. lakestoland.org) was created to maintain open lines of communication among active members of the project team, residents of the region, and other interested folks. This was particularly critical in light of the wide spectrum of technological sophistication and infrastructure available throughout the region, making a centralized repository for project-related information necessary. The collaborative nature of the project meant that it was imperative to build a site robust enough to serve the dual objectives of creating a cohesive whole and maintaining each community’s unique identity. It was decided early on that the site would feature a page for each individual community in addition the blog, the “about” description of the project, a calendar of events, and an archive of news releases related to the project. Each community’s page presented a short excerpt of its history from this report, updated information related to the scheduling or results of its vision session, and any available links to previous plans or municipal websites. To the initial regionallyfocused content mentioned above, several more pages were added at the Leadership Team’s request: a catalog the entire library of work products and resources, a repository for documents specific to the Leadership Team, and an open comment forum for exchange of ideas. Metrics show that as of this writing, 1,975 people have racked up 9,687 page views on the website. The highest pageview numbers were driven by subscribers, people who signed up for the mailing lists and received an email linking directly to each new post as it was published. The largest concentration of visits came from the Manistee area (881), followed by Traverse City (598) and Grand Rapids (266). While most were from Michigan, visits also came from across the country: 141 from Hialeah (FL), 84 from Honolulu, 73 from Chicago, and a dozen scattered cities along the California coastline. All entries from the website were also posted to the project’s Facebook and Twitter accounts (www.facebook.com/lakestoland and twitter.com/lakestoland). Information meetings The public kickoff of the project occurred at two informational meetings on May 24 and 25, 2012. Between the two sessions—one in Benzie County and one in Manistee County— approximately 100 attendees were introduced to the Initiative. The purpose of the informational meetings was to educate the citizens about the project, extend an invitation to neighboring communities to join, discuss funding sources, and give a detailed explanation of the expected process and benefits. It was also hoped that the meeting would explain the planning process, prepare the communities for their vision sessions, and generate excitement for the project. Brochures and magnets were distributed, and the dates for the vision sessions were announced. Farmers’ meetings As the process of writing the new master plans began in earnest, two townships chose to host a forum dedicated specifically to understanding the needs of their agricultural communities. Blaine and Joyfield Townships each invited the general public, with a particular emphasis on the farming citizenry, to answer the question, “What can the township do to ensure that our working farms remain viable over the next 20 years?” Both groups expressed a strong desire for fewer and more flexible regulations. Regardless of whether the context was land division, crop contents, building and equipment construction, or the lease of land for purposes other than agriculture, participants made it clear that the township’s decisions had a discernible effect on their bottom line. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 7 Lakes to Land REGIONAL INITIATIVE Unique Region. Unique Communities. Shared Vision . Arcadia Bear Lake Blaine Crystal Lake Gilmore Joyfield Pleasanton Onekama Frankfort You are Invited! Information Meetings Scheduled May 23 at 7 p.m. Onekama Consolidated Schools May 24 at 7 p.m. Frankfort-Elberta Elementary School Gym The Lakes to Land Regional Initiative is a unique joint planning effort to bring voices from throughout the region into a collaborative vision for the future. The communities will work together to prepare a series of individual Master Plans and then use them to design collaborative strategies. Come to an information meeting to meet the leadership team members, learn about the purpose, goals, opportunities for participation, and schedule for this innovative project. For More Information: 231.933.8400 www.lakestoland.org 3.3 Information meeting Beckett & Raeder, Inc. gives a presentation introducing the Lakes to Land Regional Initiative to citizens. �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 9 Ex rcls 7 & B VVho shou ld be In the sandbo,."1 ,o,a....,_ on") .rwit"-o.,. C-o~P- oJ ~n.,i.nee~s J---=--t------+---------- Visioning The heart of the collaborative initiative is the development of individual community master plans. In the preparation of a master plan, the voice of the community is heard and articulated, and getting residents of the region to the Visioning Sessions was one of the primary responsibilities of the Leadership Team. The Leadership Team selected the days, venues, and times for the vision sessions and placed posters advertising them throughout their communities. In addition to the project’s official website and social media accounts, they used wordof-mouth, personal contact lists, and their own social media outlets to publicize the meetings. Postcards were mailed to every tax payer in each participating community inviting residents to share their input at the meeting, a step that the team concluded was important to ensure contact with every person. To minimize scheduling barriers to participation, residents were advised to attend their own community’s session if possible but also invited to attend other sessions. If attending another community’s vision session, residents were asked to sit at a separate table to work on the exercises but invited to participate in the presentation of the results. In this manner, communities often got a first glance at issues occurring in neighboring communities. All results were kept separate. The method for decision-making was designed to be ideal for large groups, take everyone’s opinion into account, and assist in narrowing down the results to the top major issues through the use of tallying. Participants not only had the opportunity to voice their opinions to small groups but also to the larger assembly, explaining and clarifying issues. Issues were often repeated, and in many cases the participants were able to both hear and see through the tallying process the collective nature of their opinions. Ten vision sessions were held to accommodate all communities developing master plans, including a makeup session designed to give residents from communities with less than ideal participation at the outset another opportunity to weigh in. All followed an identical format: Prior to the meeting, the facilitators placed a marker, a pen, nametags, a sign-in sheet, pre-counted voting dots, and a set of 24x36 exercise sheets on each table. Arriving �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 0 citizens were asked to sit 6-8 persons to a table, don a nametag, and sign in. (Email addresses from the sign-in sheets were added to the distribution list used for updates and new website post notices, with an opt-out available at each.) Shortly after the start time of 6:30 p.m., the session began with a presentation about the history, scope, and objective of the Lakes to Land project. The bulk of the sessions were focused on the visioning exercises. A volunteer at each table took the role of Table Secretary, recording answers to each of the tasks assigned. In most cases, a voting exercise followed in which each participant placed a dot next to the two items s/he felt were the best responses. “Double-dotting,” or voting twice for the same item, was not allowed. At the conclusion of the exercises, each group selected a member to present its findings. Presentations to the group conveyed the top three preferred futures from exercise 9and 10 and the strategies to achieve them identified in exercise 11. A member of the facilitation team recorded the preferred futures on 24x36 sheets as they were stated, consolidating duplicate items with some discussion about what constituted a “duplicate”: is the item “more business along US-31” identical to “increased economic development,” for example? Once all responses had been recorded, the sheets were hung on a wall at eye level, usually in the vicinity of the exit. The attending citizens were thanked for their participation and then instructed to use their remaining three dots for a “collective prioritization” exercise in which they voted for the three images they preferred most out of all presented at the meeting. Again, double- or tripledotting was prohibited. The meeting officially concluded after all participants voted. The stuff 3.4 The invitations Lakes to Land REGIONAL INITIATIVE Unllju<llr(/lan.LPnlqw~-lllrion. Community Vision Sessions The Lakes to Land Regional Initiative is a unique joint planning effort to involve voices from throughout the region in the creation of Community Master Plans. The communities will then work together to design strategies for collaboration. Bring your voice to the Vision Session in your community and help shape the future. If you are unable to attend the session for your community, please join us at any of the others listed below. All begin at 6:30 p.m. ARCADIA TWP June 12 Pleasant Valley Community Ctr. JOYFIELD TWP June 13 Blaine Christian Church CRYSTAL LAKE TWP INITIATIVE June 14 Frankfort-Elberta High REGIONAL School GILMORE TWP June 14 Old Life-Saving Station PLEASANTON TWP June 18 Bear Lake School BLAINE TWP June 19 Blaine Township Hall BEAR LAKE TWP June 21 Bear Lake School The Lakes to Land Regional Initiative is a 15-community Lakes to Land U~/kgloll.U~Comlllll/lilfu.S/t,md\llsltm, Community Vision makeup session joint planning effort that seeks to bring voices from throughout Northwest Michigan together to shape the future we will all share. www.lakestoland.org We wish more of you in Arcadia, Blaine, Crystal Lake, Gilmore, and Joyfield Townships had come to the previous sessions, so we are holding one more. Citizen input is critical to creating a plan Lakes to Landthat genuinely reflects our community. REGIONAL INITIATIVE Please bring your voice to the Vision Session. Unique Region. Unique Communltle&. Shclml \llsSon. C ommunity if you don’t participate, you can’t complain. V isioning s ession It’s your last chance to participate in this process, and you know what they say... (And who wants that?) July 11, 2012 at 6:30 p.m. Lakes to Land is a 15-community joint planning effort seeking to bring voices from throughout Northwest Michigan together to shape the future we all share. pleasant Valley Community Center We wish more of you in Pleasanton and Bear Lake Townships had come to the previous sessions. Luckily, the Village of Bear Lake’s addition to our collaboration 3586 offers the opportunity to hold one more. Come talk with us about Glovers Lake Road, Arcadia l!l Bear Lake Watershed Water Quality P & R Expansion Public Access Road Improvements Blight Enforcement Wildlife and Fisheries Habitat Improvement l!l www.lakestoland.org Lakes to Land It’s your last chance to participate in this process, and you know what they say... REGIONAL INITIATIVE if you don’t participate, you can’t complain. (lolqwt ...... Uniq,,t°'""""1111lt.-- (And who wants that?) Manistee Township has joined the Lakes to Land Regional p m on Initiative, ugusta unique collaboration in which 15 Northwest Michigan communities BeAr LAke sChooL, 7748 Cody st. are using the master planning (in the library) process to identify strategies for working together. Manistee Township will be updating its master plan, and you are invited to a 6:30 . . A 16 Community Visioning session Questions? Visit www.lakestoland.org or call 231-933-8400 to share your preferred vision for our future. Citizen input is critical to creating a plan that genuinely reflects our community. Please join us. August 22, 2012 At 6:30 p.m. mAnistee township hAll 410 Holden Street www.lakestoland.org • . Iii 13~ '. ' �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 1 visions are made of 3.5 The exercises Exercise 1 & 2 Th~t •one'' word which best describes your COMMUNITY. , T Participants were told that a short phrase was acceptable. This was a voting exercise. Exercise 3 & 4 llsl tho., Items th•I your CO MMUNITY h., accomplished h~,l thwe Hems thr1 l your COMMUNITY could h•• • well ~ccomr:lli'ihed bettO• I Exercise 5 & 6 What "barriers" are impeding improvements in your community? Exe rcise 7 & 8 Who should be in the sandbox? Exercise 9 & 10 Looking Forward - Envision you Community in 2021? Participants first answered the “accomplished well” question and voted on the answers, then answered the “could have accomplished better” question and voted on the answers. Facilitators explained that “barriers” could refer to organizations, situations, attitudes, physical attributes, power structures, etc. This was a voting exercise. Facilitators explained that responses to this question should name organizations of any size which could contribute expertise or resources to further the project’s goals. This was not a voting exercise, but a tally was kept of the number of times each organization was mentioned within a session. Participants were asked to offer a description of their community after ten years of work on their preferred investments. This was a voting exercise, and the secretary was asked to record the top three vote-getters on the next page. Exercise 11 Actions to Accomplish ou r 2021 vision? Prforfty 1 Participants contributed strategies to acheive each of the three most-preferred visions from the previous exercise. Final Exercise Collective Priorit ies I Participants distributed their remaining three dots among the top preferred visions from each group. This was THE voting exercise. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 2 Visioning Results Bear Lake Township The first vision session scheduled for Bear Lake Township, to be held on June 21, 2012 at Bear Lake School, 7748 Cody Street, was cancelled due to the low turnout of three residents. Fortunately, the addition of the Village of Bear Lake provided an opportunity for a makeup session aimed at the “Bear Lake Community” made up of Bear Lake Township, Pleasanton Township, and the Village of Bear Lake, held on August 16 at Bear Lake School. Twenty-two of the 36 attendees represented Bear Lake Township, or 1.3% of the township’s 1751 residents. Citizens used the words “lake” (and “multiple lakes”), “beautiful,” and “lake health” to describe Bear Lake Township. They named fire/EMS services, community activities, and lake improvement as their greatest accomplishments. The top three items that could have been more successful were all physical: buildings on Lake Street, lake access with facilities, and roads. Residents cited funding, participation, and lack of communication/miscommunication as the greatest barriers to progress. They felt that the sandbox should be made up of business owners, community organizations, and property owners. A vibrant, revitalized downtown and parks and lakes access topped the list of collective priorities; these items received two to four times more votes than the next two on the list, trails for biking and walking and the improvement of property values. 3.6 Bear Lake School 3.7 Bear Lake Township, Bear Lake Village, and Pleasanton Township makeup visioning Village of Bear Lake The Village of Bear Lake joined the Lakes to Land collaborative after the initial round of visioning sessions, so its only session took place on August 16. The meeting was held at Bear Lake School in conjunction with the make-up session for Bear Lake and Pleasanton Townships. The six Village of Bear Lake residents in attendance comprised 2.1% of overall population. Words used to describe the Village of Bear Lake by its residents were “stagnant,” “development challenged,” and “retired - mature.” Residents were most proud of their school, water system, and community events such as Bear Lake Days and Sparkle. They felt that more attention could be paid to a blight ordinance, affordable sewer, and park facilities such as a restroom. Barriers to progress were money, knowledge, and participation. When asked which organizations could be potential allies to progress, the citizens named community groups, specifically the Bear Lake Promoters and the Lions, and state government. Collectively, they prioritized employment, an innovative sewer system, and being centered on recreation. The other items to receive votes were having a vital downtown, and being characterized as “multi-generational” and “beautiful.” �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 3 Pleasanton Township Sixteen residents of Pleasanton Township gathered at Bear Lake School for their community’s initial vision session on June 18, 2012, and eight more arrived at the same location for a makeup session on August 16. In all, 2.9% of the township’s 818 residents participated in the session. Citizens described Pleasanton as “rural,” “agricultural,” and “quiet.” The water quality in Bear Lake was their signature accomplishment, including watershed planning and organization and the control of Eurasian water milfoil. Pleasanton residents mentioned division in the community with some frequency. When asked what the could have been done better, “lack of cooperation among municipalities and board” was first, followed by master planning, better communication, and an accepted sewer plan; the list of barriers was topped by “inter-community discord,” “polarization and divisiveness on issues,” and “divisive leadership.” They felt support should come from service clubs and community groups, Bear Lake Township and Village, and Michigan’s environmental departments (DNR and DEQ). In a particularly direct summation of the previous exercises, residents listed their top priorities as leadership that brings the community together, a zoning ordinance that reflects the master plan, and good communication and cooperation among all groups. 3.8 Pleasanton Township visioning 3.9 Joyfield Township visioning Joyfield Township Joyfield Township hosted its visioning session at Blaine Christian Church, 7018 Putney Road, on June 13, 2012. There were 50 Joyfield residents in attendance, as well as two residents of Arcadia Township and two residents of Blaine Township. All participants completed the exercises with members of their own community, and the results were tallied by community. The rate of participation among Joyfield’s 799 residents was 6.3%. The most common one-word descriptions of Joyfield Township were “beautiful,” “rural,” and “divided.” Residents felt that their community’s strengths were neighborliness, land stewardship or balanced land use, and preserving scenic beauty. They said the community could have a better job of zoning and planning, planning for the future, and communication. Top barriers to improvement were miscommunication (specifically, communication prior to major issues and the complain that “government doesn’t listen”), division within the community, and both personal and governmental financial struggles. Organizations which should be “in the sandbox” were the Farm Bureau, Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, and the Joyfield Township Board of Supervisors. The citizens’ list of collective priorities was topped by retaining scenic character, growth in specialized agriculture, implementing zoning and planning, maintaining a rural character/environment, increasing job opportunities and supporting local business, and utilities. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 4 Arcadia Township Arcadia Township’s visioning session took place at the Pleasant Valley Community Center, 3586 Glovers Lake Road. Ninety-three citizens attended the session held on June 12, 2012. In addition to those citizens, ten Arcadia residents attended a makeup session on July 11, 2012 at the Pleasant Valley Community Center and two Arcadia residents attended the visioning session in Joyfield Township. In total, 103 of Arcadia’s 639 citizens participated; its 16.1% was the best among municipalities which held visioning sessions. 3.10 Arcadia visioning 3.11 Pleasant Valley Community Center The top three words residents used to describe Arcadia were “peaceful,” “natural” (including “nature” and “natural beauty”), and “beautiful.” They felt that their community had done a good job establishing the Pleasant Valley Community Center and the fire department. They also felt that their community was successful in the “wind issue” or the “Duke energy diversion,” saying they had “defeated turbines” and “avoided bad economic development.” They felt that the community could improve channel dredging, calling it a “yearly hassle” and saying a “better policy” was needed. Enforcement of zoning ordinances and speed control were two other areas which residents felt could be improved. The list of barriers to improvement was led by finances, resistance to change, and communication problems. The top three organizations that should be “in the sandbox” were Camp Arcadia, the Grand Traverse Regional Land Conservancy, and the Lions Club. The citizens’ top six collective priorities were channel dredging, improving outdoor activities and developing eco-tourism, M-22 improvements and streetscape, connectivity of biking and hiking trails, a fully operational harbor, and sustainable businesses on Main Street. Blaine Township 3.12 Blaine visioning On June 19, 2012, Blaine Township Hall at 4760 Herring Grove Road filled up with 72 citizens ready to share their vision for the township’s future. Two more citizens attended the July 11 makeup session, totaling 13.4% of the municipality’s 551 residents. Blaine residents described their community as “peaceful” (adding “serene” and “tranquil”), “beautiful” (specifically “natural and seasonal beauty”), and “rural” (including “rural / agriculture”). They cited conservancy and preservation of their land and shore as their greatest accomplishment, followed by “eradicating turbine development” or “stopping the wind energy program,” then zoning. Internet access, road repair, and planning and zoning topped the list of things that the community could have done better. The top two barriers to their goals were financial, both general and public, and each received three times as many votes as the item in third place, which was lack of viable, good-paying employment opportunities. The organizations which should be in the sandbox were township officials, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, and the Benzie County Road Commission. Citizens listed maintaining the health and quality of lakes, streams, and forests, maintaining a rural community, high speed internet service, healthy and sustainable operating farms, and maintaining the scenic beauty of the township as their top collective priorities. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 5 Crystal Lake Township Forty-two Crystal Lake Township citizens gathered at Frankfort-Elberta High School on June 14, 2012 for their community’s vision session, and two more attended the July 11 makeup session at the Pleasant Valley Community Center. Taken together, 4.5% of Crystal Lake Township’s 975 residents participated. Residents described Crystal Lake Township as “beautiful,” “vulnerable,” and “pristine.” They listed rails to trails, water quality, and the Benzie Bus as their top achievements; zoning, citizen participation, and the RV park topped the list of things they felt the township could have done better. Barriers to the community’s goals were leadership (and specifically, “leadership reflecting all taxpayers”), lack of an agreed-upon, long-term vision, and lack of opportunities to share in a common goal. They felt that it was important for the Crystal Lake Watershed Association, farmers, and the Paul Oliver Memorial Hospital to be in the sandbox. The top priorities to emerge from the exercises were maintaining rural character (including preservation and open green space), quality development resulting from a function master plan and zoning ordinance, better leadership including cooperation and communication, and the regulation of blight and pollution (light, air, noise, and water). 3.13 Crystal Lake Township visioning Gilmore Township Gilmore Township’s restored, historic Old LifeSaving Station at 1120 Furnace Ave. was the site of its community visioning session on June 14, 2012. Thirty-one of Gilmore’s 821 residents attended for a participation rate of 3.7%. The most frequent descriptions of Gilmore were “scenic,” “beautiful,” and “sense of community.” Attendees listed land preservation of land for biking and hiking, parks, and schools as its best achievements. It could have done a better job with broadband internet service, a boat launch, and communication between the village and township. Financial restraints led the list of barriers to progress, followed by communication and lack of yearround employment. Residents felt that local government of all levels should be in the sandbox, including elected and appointed officials of the township, village, county, and state. They singled out Gilmore’s planning commission and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources to round out the top three. The top collective priorities were zoning and planning enforcement, Betsie Bay improvements (clean, dredge, remove invasive species, increase docks and access), rural and natural community character preservation (specifically, maintaining the balance of uses between agricultural and single family residential), and public access to the lake with improvements in game management. 3.14 Old Life-Saving Station 3.15 Gilmore visioning �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 6 Manistee Township The last Lakes to Land visioning session was held in Manistee Township on August 22 at Manistee Township Hall. Forty-nine of the community’s 4,084 residents attended for a turnout of 1.2%. 3.16 Manistee visioning (top and bottom) Those in attendance used the words “beautiful,” “deteriorating” (specifically in reference to Bar Lake) and “water” or “water lovers” to describe their home. They were most proud of services, including fire, EMS, recycling, and road maintenance. Concerns centered around Bar Lake: the outlet, observation deck, park, tables, parking, marking, water level, and public access all made the list, as well as a simple plea to “Save Bar Lake.” Residents cited disagreement in leadership, funding, and government regulations as the top barriers to achieving their goals. They put themselves first in the sandbox, followed by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality and the United States Army Corps of Engineers. Collectively, the citizens of Manistee Township prioritized the establishment of a watershed authority and cleanup of Bar Lake first, followed by commercial development along US-31 and a reduction in regulations. Village of Honor 3.17 Honor visioning Like the Village of Bear Lake, the Village of Honor joined the Lakes to Land Regional Initiative after the first round of visioning had concluded. Because the community had completed a visioning session the previous year in connection with the Honor Area Restoration Project (from which the collective priorities to the right were taken), the Planning Commission opted to use a survey instrument to gather information related to the Lakes to Land master planning process. Forty-nine surveys were returned. Residents said they most liked that Honor is friendly and small, and its location. By a large margin (56%), they most disliked its blight, including run-down homes and junk piles; vacant stores (13%) and traffic speed (11%) lagged far behind. Citizens would most like to see new development in the form of retail commercial, specifically a deli, coffee shop, and resale or antique shop, followed by single-family homes and then office commercial. Offered a choice of recreation, their support was evenly split between facilities for active recreation and those which are multi-use. Sidewalks were the most-desired new service. Residents did not want to see commercial design requirements for their buildings, but slightly more residents approved of annexing property for future development than disapproved. Citizens also wanted to see growth of green energy and sustainable business policies, and support for a new blight ordinance was overwhelming (84%). �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 7 Collective priorities The ultimate goal of spending a whole intense summer conducting visioning sessions was to bring the individual voices of citizens together to hear what they said in unison. Five hundred residents spoke clearly. This is what was on their minds: Arcadia Channel dredging Improve outdoor activities; develop eco-tourism M-22 improvements streetscape Bear Lake Township Vibrant, revitalized downtown Parks and lakes access Bike and walk trails Employment Innovative sewer system - destination Recreation-centered Blaine Maintain health and quality of lakes, streams, forests; watershed planning Maintain rural community (“stay the same”) High speed internet service, cable or tower, fast and affordable Crystal Lake Maintain rural character - preservation - open green space Quality development: functioning master plan/ zoning Build better leadership, cooperation, communication Zoning and planning enforcement Betsie Bay improvements: clean and dredge; remove invasives; increase docks and access Rural, natural community character preservation; maintain balance of single family residential and agricultural Honor New downtown streetscape New recreation facilities Destination businesses for tourism Joyfield Retain scenic character developed natural areas Growth in agriculture specialized Implement zoning/planning Establish watershed authority / clean up Bar Lake / healthy Bar Lake ecosystem Business on US-31 / commercial development Reduce regulations Leadership that brings community together Zoning ordinance that reflects the master plan Master plan Bear Lake Village Gilmore Manistee Pleasanton 3.18 Collective priorities table �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 8 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 9 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 2 0 [ T H I S PA G E I N T E N T I O N A L L Y L E F T B L A N K ] �l a k e s t o l a n d r e g i o n a l i n i t i at i v e Bear Lake Township People and Land ADOPTED S e p t e m b e r 6, 2014 �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | The Bill of Rights THE Conventions of a number of the States, having at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added: And as extending the ground of public confidence in the Government, will best ensure the beneficent ends of its institution. RESOLVED by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two thirds of both Houses concurring, that the following Articles be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States, as amendments to the Constitution of the United States, all, or any of which Articles, when ratified by three fourths of the said Legislatures, to be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of the said Constitution; viz. ARTICLES in addition to, and Amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America, proposed by Congress, and ratified by the Legislatures of the several States, pursuant to the fifth Article of the original Constitution. Amendment I: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Amendment II: A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. Amendment III: No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. Amendment IV: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. Amendment V: No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. Amendment VI: In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence. Amendment VII: In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. Amendment VIII: Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Amendment IX: The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. Amendment X: The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. The Bear Lake Township Master Plan is intended to provide guidance with regard to future decisions related to land use. A Master Plan cannot, in itself, control land use and development. Only a zoning ordinance can do that. �Figures, Maps, Tables 4.1: Bear Lake Township plat map, 1903 P-3 4.2: Demographic dashboard P-14 4.3: Bear Lake Township net worth, including Village P-16 4.4: Bear Lake Township poverty by household type, including Village P-17 am Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity 4.5: Non-retail to retail earnings in Bear Lake Township, including Village P-18 friendship4.6: no Bear inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable P-19 she two. Lake Township average commute drive time area, including Village Bear Lakepoor Township seasonal vacant He housing table, including Village P-20 mean she 4.7: way and bred theyand come. otherwise me incommode 4.8: Road conditions P-24 4.9: Trails P-25 4.10: Renewable energy potential P-27 4.11: Proposed Merit fiber-optic network P-28 4.12: Broadband service inventory in Benzie and Manistee Counties P-29 4.13: Land dashboard P-32 4.14: Natural features map P-33 4.15: Existing Land Use chart and map P-34 4.16: Average parcel size table P-36 4.17: Resources and development land use table P-36 4.18: Future land use map P-39 4.19: Land use patterns P-40 4.20: Zoning plan P-41 4.21: Action plan P-43 4.22: Map of Bear Lake xiv 4.23: Map of Chief Lake xv 4.24: Map of James Lake xvi 4.25: Hydrology Map xviii 4.26: Wetland Map xix 4.27: Water Quality Testing Locations Map xx 4.28: Historic Farms xxiii 4.29: Road Map xxviii 4.30: Road Right of Way xxix 4.31: Plat Map xxxviii by Dear �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 1 onq /'I o R r L M "h Photo: Up North Memories by Don Harrison History of Bear Lake A century and a half ago, the Township was covered by one solid “mixed hardwood” forest. The only exceptions to this were in the northwest corner of the southern borders of the Township where the pine timberland was picked up at an early date by lumbermen. The balance of the land remained vacant until Congress passed the Homestead Act in the early 1860s. This Act, which provided free land to bonafide settlers, went into effect on January 1, 1863, and resulted in an immediate influx of pioneers interested in agriculture. The first settlers are believed to be the Russell F. Smith family, who arrived about the first of September 1863, and took up 172 acres of land on the south side of Bear Lake. The Smiths were followed within a short time by the families of Simeon Anderson, Francis Buckner, and John Edmonson. These people and most early settlers were interested in agriculture. Each started with 160 acres of hardwood forest and proceeded to clear land and plant crops. It was a very difficult task, and yet those who persevered (and the majority did) were rewarded with prosperity and good farms. Bear Lake Township was organized as a legal entity early in 1865, but did not achieve its present boundaries until 1870. The first Township election was held in the Spring of 1865 at the home of Simeon Anderson. The honors of first supervisor went to Simeon Anderson; first clerk to H.M. Hannaford, and first Treasurer to D.E. Sibley. The first school was in a small log building, erected for this purpose on the farm of J.B. Mason, the first store appears to have been a small room in the Simeon Anderson home, and a well-stocked store was established by T.A. Tillson previous to 1870. The Bear Lake Post Office opened for business on April 27, 1865, in the home of the first postmaster, Jerome Hulbert. By 1870, the Township had attained a population of 417 living in 91 homes. The assessment rolls for that year show the value of real estate at $10,551 and the value of personal estate at $16,863 for a total equalized valuation of $27,414 on 11,279 acres. By 1881, the total equalized valuation had jumped to $58,760 on 20,029 acres. As the first settler, Russell F. Smith had chosen his land with the idea of a future village. To this end, he offered 12 acres of land to anyone who would come in and start a village. His offer was accepted by a firm which would become �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 known as Carpenter & Harrington, comprised of John S. Carpenter and Eliphlate Harrington. These men built a small store, a boarding house, a steam saw, and a grist mill on the site of the present village. Their enterprise was apparently none too successful, for in the spring of 1873, they sold out to George W. and David H. Hopkins. Starting with just three or four buildings from Carpenter & Harrington, the Hopkins Brothers soon developed the Village of Bear Lake into the major service center for rural population. Hopkins immediately built an improved saw and grist mill. The following year, 1874, the firm platted 88 acres for the Village. On June 1, 1876, the Bear Lake Tram Railway, utilizing horse-drawn freight cars, commenced operation connecting the growing village with the docks at Pierport. In 1881, a new grist mill was built, reportedly the first roller mill in the State. Finally in 1882, the Hopkins Brothers built the Bear Lake & Eastern Railroad to replace the horse-drawn cars with a team of locomotives, steel rails, and suitable equipment. Throughout this period, new businesses opened almost monthly on Lake Street in the Village. While George and David Hopkins may have founded the Village of Bear Lake with the idea of developing a private lumbering enterprise, the sawmill and railroad had a decided influence on the surrounding area. In clearing their farms, the homesteaders produced vast amounts of forest products. It was only practical to haul logs or cordwood distances of under five miles, which left most Township residents without a market for these products. Consequently, for the first decade of settlement, these products were simply burned as the most efficient means of disposal. With the construction of the large sawmill in 1873, the Hopkinses immediately commenced buying logs from nearby farmers. Finally, with the construction of the Tram Railway in 1876, cordwood was shipped to Pierport for marketing in Chicago and Milwaukee. At the very minimum, this market for forest products would have doubled the income of homesteaders, while for the ambitious, income probably increased fivefold. Because of this, the farms of Bear Lake Township developed into extensive, productive units during the last part of the 19th century. Shortly after the turn of the century, the Township enjoyed the peak of this early prosperity. Population reached 1,595 in 1904. There were 207 farms in the Township, with 12,114 productive acres. This land was worked by 583 horses and produced 97,441 bushels of grain, 74,098 bushels of potatoes, 46,000 bushels of apples, and many other products. The Village serving this area had a seemingly endless list of businesses: three general stores, a furniture store, dry goods store, meat market, drug store, bank, canning factory, flour mill, creamery, and a hotel. Individuals providing professional services included: three Photo: Up North Memories by Don Harrison doctors, a dentist, a watchmaker, a shoemaker, a photographer, and a barber. Communication with the outside world was via a daily stage line connecting with the railroad at Chief. By this date, the majority of the forest products had been harvested from the farmland. Because of this, the large mills were dismantled and in 1903, the Bear Lake & Eastern Railroad was taken up and shipped to another state. The original pioneers were passing on and their children or grandchildren frequently chose an easier life in a far away city. The natural fertility originally found in the soil under the hardwoods had been exhausted and farmers found it difficult to produce the record crops of the early years. All of these factors precipitated a general exodus from the Township which probably peaked immediately after World War I. In 1920, the population had dropped to 1,217, but the annual Bear Lake picnic held the following year in a park near the city of Detroit had over a thousand attendants. The 20th century has seen a steady continuation of the trends started early in the period. Agriculture has continued to decline with a gradual conversion by the remaining farmers to the fruit crops, which are ideally suited for the climate. Tourism has risen in importance as resorters and descendants of the early pioneers have returned to the area as a favorite vacation land. The Township has evolved as a pleasant community involved in a broad spectrum of business and industry. ­— Excerpted from the 2002 Bear Lake Township Master Plan �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 ··f·· ".~p (,·,·,·,·(,"t'REAR "i I· 11111 I 1 .... LAKE' ~ II 1111 if ,"((((((,•,·( Tnw11sllip 23 North Manistee County Plat Book 1903 ,., L ., L < ,.... 0 .. w �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 5 Expectations Vision session attendees provided an exceptionally clear picture of their preferred future in Bear Lake Township: a dynamic downtown that is bustling with activity, replete with services, and a true gathering place for all, nestled next to a clean, healthy Bear Lake. Although just 16% of Bear Lake Township residents live within its only village, participants at the visioning session made their first priority a vibrant, revitalized downtown—by a margin of nearly 2 to 1 over the next item, and at least 4 to 1 over everything else. They believed that the things they had done together were the things they had done the best, putting fire/emergency services and community activities at the top of their list of things to be proud of. When asked who should be involved in shaping their future, they split top support evenly between the business community and service organizations, then distributed the rest among property owners, school officials, and the road commission. Visioners also dreamed of good infrastructure. Access to parks and lakes, trails for biking and walking, and a community center comprised half of the priority list; discussions about strategies to achieve these things included addressing the condition of roads and sidewalks. The restaurant and grocery store they wished for hinges on good sewerage. Communication is among the most important tools in the Bear Lake Township toolbox for making these dreams into reality. Downtown vibrancy must be achieved at the nexus of business owners and community members. Planning a community center should seek input from both successful examples and potential users. The school could be a potential partner in building trails. What could hold such a cohesive community back from reaching all its hopes and dreams? Participants overwhelmingly cited a usual culprit: lack of money. They acknowledged the need to secure funding for at least three of their top four priorities, suggesting avenues that ranged from grant applications to investors to fundraising. The number of votes received for the rest of the barriers were so small in comparison that items like encouraging participation, communicating more effectively, recruiting volunteers, and even avoiding political battles look perfectly doable. The following pages present “Cornerstones,” or goals formulated by the Bear Lake Township Planning Commission to guide future development. Each includes a set of “Building blocks,” specific strategies to be implemented to achieve those goals. At the bottom is the “Foundation” that supports each Cornerstone: its linkage to the citizens’ stated priorities and to the Manistee County Master Plan. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 6 Cornerstone Develop local bike and hiking trails with connections to regional non-motorized networks. Currently Bear Lake Township lacks local and regional non-motorized trails. This is unfortunate because well-planned and maintained non-motorized trail networks provide a conduit for recreation activity and tourism. Communities that have trail networks benefit from an inflow of tourism dollars into the local economy. This economic impact and benefit is well documented in national and regional non-motorized trail studies, and economic models suggest that each dollar spent by a tourist/visitor using a trail has a multiplier of $1.26 in the local economy. The Northwest Michigan Regional Non-Motorized Strategy (2008) does not include a regional trail through or near Bear Lake Township. Priority trails proposed for Manistee County include completing the route in the City of Manistee and connecting with the route around Manistee Lake, creating a trail from Manistee to Onekama, installing a trail from the High Bridge to Thompsonville through Kaleva, building a trail between Onekama and Arcadia, and creating a trail from Manistee Lake / Eastlake to High Bridge. Building blocks 1. Establish a township non-motorized trail network using the existing county road network. 2. Include in the Township Parks and Recreation Plan a formal trail network which utilizes the county road network but also proposes alternative non-road alignments. 3. Make sure local plans are incorporated into Lakes to Land collaborative initiatives and regional non-motorized plans. 4. Collaborate with Onekama Township, Arcadia Township, and Pleasanton Township on a sub-regional network to link Lake Michigan, Arcadia Lake, Portage Lake, and Bear Lake as as regional assets. 5. Investigate the development of a regional trail utilizing Potter Road to connect US-31 (Bear Lake) with M-22 (Pierport and Arcadia). Foundation Manistee County master plan goals Economy: increase job opportunities Encourage a variety of housing types and choices Eliminate land contamination and protect surface and groundwater quality Protect agricultural areas by focusing growth in areas with infrastructure Bear Lake Township collective priorities Vibrant and revitalized downtown Parks and lakes access Biking, walking, and hiking trails Improve property values �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 7 Cornerstone Create a revitalized and vibrant downtown in the Village of Bear Lake. The Village of Bear Lake downtown is nicely located on Bear Lake along US-31. Although the township has minimal jurisdictional influence on the course of downtown Bear Lake, it is nonetheless a major stakeholder in the downtown. The downtown defines the physical and economic condition of both the village and the township; as a result, it is important for the township to establish a public policy in its master plan which encourages and supports revitalization of downtown Bear Lake. For example, if the Village of Bear Lake established a downtown development authority, the township would have the ability to decide if it wanted to participate in that revitalization through a contribution of its millage. Therefore, the township is a stakeholder in the revitalization of downtown. When a family decides in which community to locate, that decision often involves the quality of the school system, the availability of work, access to recreation, and the condition of the downtown. A vibrant and viable downtown is an important economic component to the Township. Building blocks 1. Identify in the community master plan a public policy which encourages the revitalization of downtown Bear Lake. 2. Encourage the Village of Bear Lake to establish a downtown business association or downtown development authority; if a downtown development authority is established by the village, the township would agree to participate. 3. Limit the amount of commercial development in the township along US-31, and encourage retail and service businesses to locate in the Village downtown. 4. Encourage appropriate development and conformance with current building and fire codes. 5. Redevelop uderutilized and brownfield properties in the downtown area. Foundation Manistee County master plan goals Economy: increase job opportunities Encourage a variety of housing types and choices Eliminate land contamination and protect surface and groundwater quality Protect agricultural areas by focusing growth in areas with infrastructure Bear Lake Township collective priorities Vibrant and revitalized downtown Parks and lakes access Biking, walking, and hiking trails Improve property values �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 8 Cornerstone Establish a park system with a combination of outdoor and indoor recreation facilities and enhanced access to the Bear Lake and Chief Lake. Bear Lake Township, the Village of Bear Lake and Pleasanton Township all share access to Bear Lake, which is a draw for many year-round and seasonal residents. Although residents and visitors have access to areawide lakes, local public schools, and state and national forests, many of the communities lack basic recreational assets like playgrounds, bike paths, and parks designed for outdoor events. The combined 2010 US Census population of the three communities was 2,855 residents. Based on the number of seasonal housing units, the summer population can easily increase by another 1,500 residents. Collectively, the three communities could support a small park system and program. Building blocks 1. Collaborate with the Village of Bear Lake and Pleasanton Township on the prearation of a joint 5-Year Michigan Department of Natural Resources Recreation, Open Space, and Greenway Master Plan. 2. Investigate with the Village of Bear Lake and Pleasanton Township the feasibility of establishing a regional recreation authority. 3. Focus initial efforts on updating the waterfront park in the Village of Bear Lake. 4. Identify sites and establish land use plans and zoning that preserve scenic vistas and cultural and historic sites. 5. Identify sites to add additional recreational access to Bear Lake and Chief Lake and the watershed to support natural resource-based tourism. 6. Improve wayfinding to access areas through signage, maps within village and township, and the Explore the Shores web site. 7. Set up a boat cleaning station at one of the two public access sites to Bear Lake. Foundation Manistee County master plan goals Economy: increase job opportunities Encourage a variety of housing types and choices Eliminate land contamination and protect surface and groundwater quality Protect agricultural areas by focusing growth in areas with infrastructure Bear Lake Township collective priorities Vibrant and revitalized downtown Parks and lakes access Biking, walking, and hiking trails Improve property values �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 9 Cornerstone Improve the quality of our surface water and groundwater. The Greater Bear Watershed extends into 13 townships, 3 villages, and the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians reservation, encompassing a total of 204 square miles or 130,800 acres. Approximately 83% of Bear Lake Township (18, 938 acres) is located within the Greater Bear Watershed. Land surrounding Bear Lake forms the Bear Lake Subwatershed which outlets to Little Bear Creek. The inland lakes, including Bear Lake, and the numerous tributaries are recreational, cultural, wildlife, and tourism assets for Manistee County. Bear Lake is the largest of the inland lakes within the watershed. The quality of surface water is influenced by a variety of sources including septic fields, feed lots, gas and oil exploration, land use, and inappropriate storage and disposal of materials. In addition to surface water, groundwater is important because it is the primary source of potable drinking water for residents. Again, the quality of the groundwater can be influenced by the same sources. Because water, both surface and groundwater, is so important to the health of residents and the economy, its protection and improvement is vital. Building blocks 1. Support adoption of local ordinances that prohibit artificial feeding of waterfowl in or on the riparian properties adjacent to Bear Lake. 2. Conduct an assessment of agricultural management practices with the farming community to determine properties on which to implement best management practices (BMPs). 3. Develop a shoreline inventory of Bear Lake to identify priority locations for restoration projects. 4. Set up a boat cleaning station at one of the two public access sites to Bear Lake. 5. Support enforcement of wellhead protection ordinances. 6. Support development of a locally generated and state approved contingency plan and training for first respondents for road accidents involving fuel or other hazardous materials to minimize runoff to surface waters of Bear Lake and Bear Creek. Foundation Manistee County master plan goals Economy: increase job opportunities Encourage a variety of housing types and choices Eliminate land contamination and protect surface and groundwater quality Protect agricultural areas by focusing growth in areas with infrastructure Bear Lake Township collective priorities Vibrant and revitalized downtown Parks and lakes access Biking, walking, and hiking trails Improve property values �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 1 0 Cornerstone Eliminate blight. The State of Michigan Brownfield Redevelopment Authority Act (PA 381 of 1996) defines “blight” as property which 1) has been declared a public nuisance in accordance with state and local building, housing, plumbing, fire, or local ordinance, 2) is an attractive nuisance to children, 3) is a fire hazard, 4) has utilities serving the property or buildings in such disrepair that the property is unfit for its intended use, 5) is tax reverted, 6) is owned by a land bank, or 7) has sufficient demolition debris buried on the site that it is unfit for its intended use. So, blight comes in many forms—and in all of them, it is the responsibility of the local unit of government to monitor and manage its removal. Building blocks 1. Adopt and enforce a blight ordinance. 2. Adopt a local property maintenance ordinance. 3. If a parcel has contaminated property, work with the Manistee County Brownfield Authority on remediation efforts and strategy. 4. Encourage coordinated local township and village adoption and enforcement of clean-up requirements for blighted properties to preserve property values and quality of life. 5. Investigate collaboration with the Village of Bear Lake on combined code and zoning enforcement services. Foundation Manistee County master plan goals Economy: increase job opportunities Encourage a variety of housing types and choices Eliminate land contamination and protect surface and groundwater quality Protect agricultural areas by focusing growth in areas with infrastructure Bear Lake Township collective priorities Vibrant and revitalized downtown Parks and lakes access Biking, walking, and hiking trails Improve property values �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 1 1 ��L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 1 3 Photo: Janette May People and Places How many people? How long did they go to school? What do they do? What activities can be supported by the land itself? And where can we go shopping around here, anyway? Population Population is both an indicator and a driver of economic growth. An increase in people creates a larger economic and customer base on which the business environment can draw, and an area of bustling economic activity attracts people looking to share in its benefits. Bear Lake Township thundered through Michigan’s millennium-opening population slide with hardly a break in its stride. Just over 200 people had arrived in the township between 1990 and 2000, and 163 more followed between 2000 and 2010 to bring the Census total to 1,751. (Under Michigan law, villages are considered to be part of the surrounding township, so these and other statistical totals include the Village of Bear Lake except where indicated.) Housing Home is where the heart is, and where all your stuff is, and probably where the people you call family are too. On a community level, it’s much the same: housing data may talk about buildings, but it tells us much about the actual people we call neighbors. Bear Lake Township’s 1,031 housing units provide the shelter for its 746 households. This represents about 1.38 housing units per household, a figure that accounts for housing units which do not have a household permanently attached to them but are instead for “seasonal or recreational use.” A detailed discussion follows under “Seasonal Fluctuations.” The average household size is 2.48 persons, the second largest in the region. About one-fifth of the homes (198) were built before 1939, representing the largest proportion of the overall housing stock, and another 16% were built during a runner-up boom in the 1990s. Outside of these two decades, the township has experienced a remarkably steady residential development, increasing housing stock by about 10% every 10 years. The median home value is $129,800, and about 57% of the owner-occupied homes have a mortgage. The �Demographic Dashboard - Bear Lake Twp. - Population 2,000 - - - Key for population and prosperity index graphs: Benzie County Manistee County Michigan 3.0% 1,000 2.0% 500 1.0% 0 0.0% 1990 2000 2010 Population Growth 4.0% 1,500 2016 (proj.) 2000 -1.0% 2010 • • • 10% 13% 11% • 13% 19% • 58% 10% Household Income Very low income (less than $25,000) Low income ($25,000-$34,999) Moderate income ($35,000-$74,999) High income ($75,000-$149,999) Very high income ($150,000 and up) 2016 (proj.) Education Housing Owner occupied Renter occupied Seasonal, recreational, occasional use Vacant - for sale, for rent, etc. United States 2% 12% • 10% • 42% 14% • • • 16% • • • • 44% • Classifications modified from HUD guidelines, using the state median income of $48,432. 15% Work 1% 7% 27% • 76% No high school diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate’s degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Private wage and salary workers Government workers Self-employed Unpaid family workers �Households 2.48 Prosperity Index person average household size Ratio of jobs to workers Ii~--------' 0.94 5 396 1000 t=I----------' 1000 Ratio of manufacturing workers to retail workers II H-----------" 5 Ratio of non-retail workers to workers in retail, arts, accommodations, food 2.23 _ _ _____,_______ , -1 -------l~- 1- 5 Workers in arts and entertainment 20.7% t=I-----11- - - - - ~ 100% Higher educated residents (bachelor’s degree or higher) I ~I 22.3% 100% 11----------100% Jl~I -----------' 100% Households receiving food stamps l l- - - - - 100% Households receiving cash assistance I workers who commute 81% commuters who drive alone 22.4 minute average commute Employment 694 jobs 736 workers 13% Income $39,309 median household income median earnings for workers $40,139 male full-time, year-round earnings $26,063 Children in poverty 5.0% Commuting 96% $20,806 People in poverty 9.8% 22% bachelor’s degree or higher civilian veterans 100% 15.6% high school graduate or higher 12.3% - 1J.. . __I- - - - - - - ' 11.4% population enrolled in school unemployment rate Residents not completing high school 11.2% Education 26% 89% Number of goods-producing jobs per 1,000 residents 1.06 $725 median gross rent Number of jobs per 1,000 residents 43 $129,800 owner-occupied median home value female full-time, year-round earnings 11% population in poverty 15% children in poverty Top Industrial Sectors 19% educational services 12% l ~.....-1 -------' 100% arts, entertainment, and recreation 11% retail trade �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 1 6 median gross rent is $725. Utility gas heats the most homes (47%), followed by bottled, tank, or liquid petroleum (propane) gas (28%). Wood and fuel oil / kerosene each heat about 11% of homes. In a few houses, electricity (3.5%) or other fuel (0.5%) stave off the northern Michigan winter. Education Of the 35 or so core statistics collected on each of the Lakes to Land communities, Bear Lake Township represented the median value in almost a third of them, perhaps suggesting an embodiment of some quintessential characteristic of the region. Such is the case with citizens who have earned a bachelor’s degree, which describes 23% of the township’s residents. With regard to primary and secondary education, however, the numbers stray from the middle way. The proportion of residents enrolled in school of any kind is 26%, ranking fourth among L2L communities. This is a consequence of the township’s median age of 43.1, the fifth youngest in the region. The 89% high school gradation rate is higher than in Manistee County, Michigan, the United States, and nine of its regional neighbors. Income Here, the medians really get going. There were as many Lakes to Land communities with a higher median household income than Bear Lake Township’s ($39,309) as there are with a lower median household income—a median median household income—and such was also the case with median earnings for all workers ($20,806). Median earnings for full-time, year-round male workers ($40,139) also took the center ranking, but median earnings for full-time, yearround female workers ($26,063) dropped to two positions below the regional median. The difference was less pronounced among all 736 workers than among the 412 full-time, year-round workers: there, median earnings for men ($26,174) were just under $5,000 more than for women ($23,326). This may be partly attributable to male workers’ dominance in the three North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) categories with the highest earnings: 67% of public administration workers ($51,667) and 100% of workers in transportation / warehousing ($50,417) and educational services / social assistance ($49,063). The genders were much more evenly split in the top earning categories among all workers, with females constituting 61% of workers in finance / insurance ($40,625), 26% of transportation / warehousing ($38,438), and 70% of educational services / social assistance. The poverty rate in Bear Lake Township is 11.4%, slightly higher than the median but solidly in the middle tier among Lakes to Land communities and below the state and national rates (14.8% and 13.8% respectively). The rate of poverty among Bear Lake residents younger than 18, 15.6%, again represented the L2L median; it was lower than all of the aggregated benchmarks (range: 17.1%-20.5%). A quick estimate of a community’s “net worth” can be obtained by dividing its major assets (checking and savings accounts, stocks, bonds, mutual funds) by its major liabilities (home and car loans). The higher the ratio of assets to liabilities, the better insulated the community will be from quick changes in the economy. As shown in Table 4.3, the ratio in Bear Lake Township is 3.01. This is among the higher ratios in the region (nine communities have a ratio of 2.93; the highest is 3.23). It is also higher than that of Benzie County, Michigan, and the United States (2.58, 2.65, 2.41) but lower than Manistee County (3.02). Occupations This section talks about the occupations and professions in which the residents of Bear Lake Township work, whether or not their places of employment are within the township limits. 4.3: Bear Lake Township net worth, including Village Assets Checking Accounts Savings Accounts U.S. Savings Bonds Stocks, Bonds & Mutual Funds Total Liabilities Original Mortgage Amount Vehicle Loan Amount Total Net Worth Assets / Liabilities $3,134,892 $7,356,173 $255,289 $19,525,641 $30,271,995 $8,429,170 $1,620,247 $10,049,417 3.01 Source: Esri Business Analyst �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 1 7 Single-headed households The vulnerability of one type of household to poverty deserves particular mention: that of single-headed households with dependent children. Although the Census does provide a count of male householders with children and no wife present, it presents only female-headed households in its poverty statistics; most of the research literature follows the same form. This is attributable to two reasons: first, female-parent households make up 25.4% of all families while male-parent households make up just 7.3% (in Bear Lake Township, those figures are 14.7% and 3.5% respectively), and second, the 80% female-to-male earnings ratio (81% in Bear Lake Township) exacerbates the poverty-producing effect. Children in single-headed households are by far the group most severely affected by poverty in Bear Lake. As Table 4.4 shows, one in six of the township’s 253 households with children lives below the poverty level, but over half of the 43 female-headed households with children are poor. Stated another way, this means that 63% of the poorest families are headed by single females. Support to single-headed households provides an opportunity to have an appreciable, targeted impact on the well-being of Bear Lake Township’s most vulnerable citizens. Flexible work and education schedules, support of home-based occupations, innovations in high-quality and affordable child care, and enforcement of pay equity are all tools that can be used to accomplish such support. The most prevalent field among Bear Lake Township’s 736 civilian workers is the one that encompasses art, entertainment, recreation, accommodation, and food services. Twenty-one percent, or 152 workers, cite an occupation in these fields. The second most common industry group was educational services, health care, and social assistance, in which 120 workers (16%) serve. Construction and services (excluding public service) rounded out the majority of fields represented (10% and 11% respectively). The occupational group comprised of educational services, health care, and social assistance is the fourth highest-paying category in Bear Lake Township, with a median income of $37,500. The other three groups 4.4: Bear Lake Township poverty by household type, including Village Income in the Past 12 Months is Below Poverty Level All families With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years only Married couple families With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years only Families with female householder, no husband With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years only All people Under 18 years Related children under 18 years Related children under 5 years Related children 5 to 17 years 18 years and over 18 to 64 years 65 years and over People in families Unrelated individuals 15 years and over mentioned above, however, represent three of the four lowest median incomes, ranging from $13,333 to $19,908 (agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting, and mining is the lowest-paid occupation in the township). Overall, 45% of the township’s workers are employed in the four lowest-paying occupations. Retail and Business Summary This section talks about the businesses and jobs within Bear Lake Township, whether or not the proprietors and employees are residents of the township itself. The business summary generated by Esri counts 102 businesses employing a total of 694 people within the 9.4% 15.0% 16.7% 3.2% 5.2% 0.0% 36.4% 55.6% 45.0% 11.4% 15.6% 15.6% 20.0% 13.9% 10.0% 11.1% 7.1% 9.6% 23.5% Source: American Community Survey, 2006-2010 township’s borders. When compared with the residential population of Bear Lake Township, this equates to 396 jobs per 1,000 residents—again representing the median among Lakes to Land communities, as does its 43 goods-producing jobs per 1,000 residents. The largest concentration of businesses was in retail trade; those 15 establishments comprise just under 15% of all businesses. That category was followed by “other services (except public administration),” which made up 13% of the business community, and then construction (11%) and accommodation / food services (10%). The greatest number of employees (130, or 19%) work in educational �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 1 8 services. About 12% of employees are in arts / entertainment / recreation, and another 11% work in retail trade. This is significant because nationally, the median earnings of workers in retail, entertainment, and hospitality occupations are about half of the median earnings of all other occupations. Although it is not a direct comparison, we can get a sense of this disparity in wages between nonretail jobs and those in retail, arts, accommodations, and food service by multiplying the median earnings in each industry by the number of workers in that industry, then dividing the resulting aggregate income for each category (non-retail and retail, arts, etc.) by the number of workers in it. This average of weighted median earnings, shown in Table 4.5, estimates that retail, arts, accommodation, and food service workers in Bear Lake Township earn about 75% as much as non-retail workers. The wage discrepancy is not quite as dramatic as it is at the national level, but still worth noting given that these categories represent two of three most prevalent employment opportunities in the township. Commuting It’s a real estate truism that the three most important factors considered by buyers are location, location, and location, yet the traditional measure of housing affordability—surely another consideration hovering near the top of the list—makes no allowance at all for location. The Center for Neighborhood Technology set out to redefine “affordability” to more accurately reflect the proportion of a household’s income that is committed to housing costs, including those incurred while getting to and from that aforementioned location. CNT describes its Housing and Transportation Affordability Index this way: “The traditional measure of affordability recommends that housing cost no more than 30 percent of income. Under this view, three out of four (76 percent) US neighborhoods are considered “affordable” to the typical household. However, that benchmark ignores transportation costs, which are typically a 4.5: Non-retail to retail earnings in Bear Lake Township, including Village Industry Workers Educational services, and health care and social assistance Other services, except public administration Construction Manufacturing Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining Public administration Professional, scientific, management, administrative, waste management services Wholesale trade Transportation and warehousing, and utilities Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing Total Average of weighted median earnings Retail, art, accommodation, food services Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation and food services Retail trade Total Average of weighted median earnings 120 78 72 55 53 48 43 21 19 18 527 Median earnings Weighted median earnings Non-Retail $37,500 $13,333 $22,000 $23,125 $12,396 $36,250 $25,875 $20,625 $38,438 $40,625 $4,500,000 $1,039,974 $1,584,000 $1,271,875 $656,988 $1,740,000 $1,112,625 $433,125 $730,322 $731,250 $13,068,909 $24,799 152 52 204 $19,808 $16,667 $3,010,816 $866,684 $3,877,500 $19,007 “Information” median fell in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution. Source: American Community Survey 2006-2010 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 1 9 4.6: Bear Lake Township average commute drive time area, including Village county, the addition of transportation costs to the equation puts the share of household income spent on those two combined items over 45% for all places in the county. Ninety-six percent of Bear Lake Township’s workers have some sort of commute, with an average travel time to work of about 22.4 minutes. Both of these figures are in the upper half among Lakes to Land communities and roughly in line with county, state, and national averages. Figure 4.6 shows the Bear Lake Township “workshed,” or the geographic area reachable by this average commute, and we can see that it covers a large proportion of Manistee County. A long commute is tough. Everyone who has ever had one knows it subjectively, and a growing body of empirical evidence is pointing to its detrimental effects on happiness, health, and wealth: its costs are rarely fully compensated by our salaries, the minutes spent behind the wheel come at the cost of minutes spent on exercise and meal preparation, and people with long commutes are frankly just less happy than those with shorter ones. household’s second largest CNT’s map has been steadily expenditure. The H+T Index offers expanding its coverage since its an expanded view of affordability, inception in 2008 and now includes one that combines housing and 337 metropolitan areas in the United transportation costs and sets the States. Manistee County has not benchmark at no more than 45 been analyzed, but Benzie County percent of householdMade income. with Esri Business wasAnalyst considered part of the Traverse Under this view, the number of 800-447-9778 www.esri.com/ba Try it Now! City metropolitan area and its affordable neighborhoods drops neighborhoods are among those that to 28 percent, resulting in a net disappear from the affordability map: loss of 86,000 neighborhoods that while the H+T Index shows the average Americans can truly afford.” housing cost to be less than 30% of household income for the whole While the length of commute may have the greatest effect on the commuter, it’s the method of commuting that has the greatest effect on the environment. Across the board, driving alone is overwhelmingly the most common method of commuting, and it is the one which maximizes the output of vehicle emissions per commuter. Here again, Bear March 14, 2013 Lake Township has its finger on the mainstream Page 1 of 1pulse: 81% of its commuters drive alone, matching the national figure and representing the Lakes to Land median. On the other end of the spectrum, Bear Lake has about twice the rate of organically �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 0 powered commuters who walk to work (6.1%) as at county, state, and national levels. Agricultural Influence Of the 21,871 acres of land that make up Bear Lake Township, 5,964 (27.3%) have an existing land use category of “Agriculture.” This land represents 121 of the 1636 parcels (7.4%) in the Townhip. Another 554 acres (2.5%) comprising 19 parcels (1.2%) are “Natural Resource Related.” Overall, then, about 30% of the land and 9% of the parcels in the township are devoted to “valueadded” land practices. Esri business analyst lists three businesses coded by NAICS as “agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting,” employing a total of 14 persons. Fifty-three workers who live in the township used that classification to describe their occupations, making up about 7% of the workforce. Seasonal Fluctuations The entire Lakes to Land region is affected to varying degrees by a seasonal economy. An abundance of parks and recreation activities combines with the temperate summer weather to create a magnetic pull felt by most inhabitants of the state from spring to fall, and then formidable weather joins a lack of critical mass in economic activity to produce an edge of desolation through the winter months. The result is a cyclical ebb and flow of people through the region, some to stay for a few hours and some for a few months, all driven by Michigan’s intensely seasonal climate. In many communities, the basic goal of every housing unit is to be occupied. The optimum condition is one in which the number of housing units is only slightly larger than the number of households, with a small percentage of homes empty at any given time to provide choice and mobility to households wishing to change housing units. This percentage is the traditional vacancy rate. Seasonal changes in population, such as seen in the Lakes to Land communities, create an entirely new category of housing units: those for “seasonal or recreational use.” Technically considered “vacant” by the US Census because its rules dictate that a household can only attach itself to one primary housing unit, these homes provide a measure of investment by those seasonal populations that cannot be replicated elsewhere. A high percentage of seasonal/recreational use homes provides concrete evidence of the value of the area for those purposes. It also provides a measure of a portion of the community which will have a somewhat nontraditional relationship with the community at large: seasonal residents may not have kids in the school system or have the ability to attend most government meetings, but they do pay taxes and take a vital interest in goings-on. In some ways, knowing the percentage of seasonal/recreational housing in a community is the most reliable measure of the accommodations the community must make to include its “part-time” population in its decision-making framework. In Bear Lake Township, 19.7% of the homes are classified as seasonal or recreational, a figure lower than in each of the two Lakes to Land counties (25% and 33%) but several times the state and national rates (5.8% and 3.5% respectively). As shown in Table 4.7, this represents a drop of 52 units from its 2000 rate of 26.7%, whereas the “traditional” vacancy rate doubled in the same time from 6.9% to 12.8% (66 housing units). Taken together, these facts suggest that the impact of the housing crash and Great Recession on Bear Lake Township has been a decline in its seasonal resident population. 4.7: Bear Lake Township seasonal and vacant housing table, including Village Total Housing Units Occupied Housing Units Owner Occupied Housing Units Renter Occupied Housing Units Vacant Housing Units Seasonal/Recreational/Occasional Use Other Vacant Population Household size 2000 2010 960 639 569 70 321 255 66 1,587 2.56 1,031 696 595 101 335 203 132 1,751 2.48 Change 7.4% 8.9% 4.6% 44.3% 4.4% -20.4% 100.0% 10.3% -3.1% Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2010 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 1 ��L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 3 Infrastructure For planning purposes, infrastructure is comprised of “the physical components of interrelated systems providing commodities and services essential to enable, sustain, or enhance societal living conditions.” These components, which come together to form the underlying framework that supports our buildings, movements, and activities, usually include our power supply, water supply, sewerage, transportation avenues, and telecommunications. Successful infrastructure is often “experientially invisible,” drawing as little attention in its optimum condition as a smooth road or a running faucet— until it’s not, and then it likely has the potential to halt life as we know it until the toilet flushes again or the lights come back on. It seems we all know the feeling. The American Society of Civil Engineers’ 2013 “Report Card for America’s Infrastructure” gave us a D+ (takeaway headline: “Slightly better roads and railways, but don’t live near a dam”). The Michigan chapter of the ASCE surveyed our state’s aviation, dams, drinking water, energy, navigation, roads, bridges, stormwater, public transit, and wastewater and collection systems in 2009 and gave us a D. Clearly, there is room for improvement all over. But it’s expensive. The ASCE report came with a national price tag of $3.6 trillion in investment before Photo: Deanna Pattison 2020. If this were evenly distributed among the 50 states, it would mean about $72 billion per state—almost half again as much as Michigan’s entire annual budget. The combination of the essential nature of infrastructure with its steep price tag highlights a need for creative problemsolving in this area—precisely the aim of the Lakes to Land Regional Initiative. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 4 Roads 1 to 10; roads rated 5 and above are considered to be at least “Fair.” The State of Michigan’s Public Act 51, which governs distribution of fuel taxes, requires each local road agency and the Michigan Department of Transportation to report on the condition, mileage, and disbursements for the road and bridge system under its jurisdiction. The Pavement Surface Evaluation and Rating (PASER) system used to report on the condition is a visual survey conducted by transportation professionals that rates the road surface from Figure 4.8 depicts all of the roads with PASER ratings of “poor” (1-4) in Benzie and Manistee Counties. The closeup in the inset reveals poor conditions on 9 Mile Road east of US-31, on US-31 north of Potter Road, on Potter Road west of US-31, and on Milarch Road from Potter Road to the northern border of the township. Potter Road has been resurfaced since the collection of this data. LEELANAU CO. BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. ..• Lake Twp. I Frankfort Elberta -r -- - - ke Potter Road M ic h a ig Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Honor GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Benzonia Twp. 4.8: Road conditions M --1 - - - - - - - - - Platt Lake Crystal Lake • Lake Ann Platte Twp. WEXFORD CO. a t B MANISTEE CO. P t la Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. L a Ma MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. ' Springdale Twp. " Cleon Twp. I aTwp. 1 Bear Lake neka,ma r----..:...-4-~ Bear Lake ....JI --------tMaple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake I - ... - ------------------ -•-------· I I I Manistee Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Manistee Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. Filer Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND Pavement Surface Evaluation and Ratings 0 2 4 8 Miles • Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, NWMCOG 2012 Asset Management Report D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Poor PASER Rating (1 - 4) Major Road Minor Road . ' ' Bcckett&R.'leder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 5 Trails and regional connections collaboration with Onekama Township, Arcadia Township, and Pleasanton Township, all also currently largely devoid of trails, could form the beginning of a sub-regional network. Finally, a regional trail could use Potter Road to connect US-31 to M-22. As noted in the Cornerstones and can be seen in Figure 4.9, there are not presently any local or regional nonmotorized trails in Bear Lake Township. It’s an absence noted by the citizens, who made the creation of biking, walking, and hiking trails their third highest priority at the visioning session. The preferred method articulated in the Building Blocks for accomplishing this is to use the existing county road network to establish a trail network. Potential The Township is also interested in promoting safe walking and biking in the vicinity of its two baseball diamonds near the school forest southwest of Bear Lake. Access to the fields is via S. Shore Drive, one block north of Potter Road. LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Elberta I I -, -- -- I I I I I Potter Road ! I La I Twp. I ke M ic g hi Homestead Twp. Inland Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Frankfort I I GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor WEXFORD CO. 4.9: Trails Benzonia Twp. MANISTEE CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. an Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. I nek3ima Bear Lake I I I Bear Lake I I Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama . ..J- I I Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Manistee Filer Twp. Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND Regional Recreational Trails 0 2 4 8 Miles • Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDOT, NWMCOG, GTRLC D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road Updated: 09-24-13 GTRLC Trail Equestrian Trail Betsie Valley Trail Snowmobile Trail North Country Trail Non-Motorized Multi Use Trail • • Bcckctt&Raeclcr �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 6 Power supply Electricity for Bear Lake Township homes and businesses is available from Consumers Energy Company (Jackson) and from the Cherryland Electric cooperative (Grawn). Natural gas service is available through Superior Energy Company (Kaleva). Service from “alternative energy suppliers” is also available through Michigan’s Electric Customer Choice and Natural Gas Customer Choice programs. Public Act 295 of 2008 requires Michigan electric providers’ retail supply portfolio to include at least 10% renewable energy by 2015. The Michigan Public Service Commission’s 2012 report estimates renewables to make up 4.7% of the energy supply that year. Figure 4.10 shows the US Environmental Protection Agency’s analysis of renewable energy potential in the Lakes to Land region. Water and sewer Bear Lake Township does not have a public water or sewer system. Residents rely on septic and well systems. The township is not known to have difficulty in installing wells and septic systems, but there are still a number of factors relevant to community development to consider. In order to avoid problems such as inadequate water yield, gas in water, salty water, bacteria contamination, or organic chemical contamination, the community must consider probable causes such as road salting, septic effluent from systems in older developed areas, drainage from slopes into improperly sited residential areas, and failure to protect groundwater recharge areas through a lack of buffer zones and development limitations. Density and intensity of development need to be considered as they relate to septic and well systems, as increased development pressures lead to increasing need for understanding and oversight in well and septic system integrity. In Bear Lake Township, accommodation of an appropriate level of commercial development along US-31 and of new residential properties along the Bear Lake shore may - require investigation into municipal water and sewer systems. Citizens have demonstrated their commitment to protecting the health of Bear Lake by forming three separate entities devoted to that purpose. The Bear Lake Property Owners Association was organized in 1970 to collect scientific and legal information with which to educate the community at large as well as riparian property owners. The Lake Improvement Board, created in 2007, has had success in controlling invasive species such as milfoil. And the Bear Lake Watershed Alliance has brought together jurisdictions around the Lake and along Bear Creek, the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians, the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, the Grand Traverse Land Conservancy, the Conservation Resource Alliance, and the Manistee Community Foundation to produce a Bear Lake Watershed Management Plan which was approved in July 2013. The Township maintains four access points on Bear Lake and one on Chief Lake. Fire services The Bear Lake Township Fire Department is a rural volunteer fire department with 17 members and three “cadets,” students who are at least 16 and take part in house trainings, shadow fire personnel, and help in emergency situations. The department contracts with Pleasanton Township to offer fire and first response rescue services. Department apparatus includes a 2000 class A pumper, 1999 medium-duty rescue vehicle, 1987 2000-gallon water tender, 1978 pumper, 1984 Wildland truck (on loan from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources), 2011 Kubota UTV rescue/wildland unit, and 2005 Seawolf rescue boat. A 0.75 millage approved by township voters in August 2013 will allow replacement for each of these items once by the year 2036 and three times by the year 2065. A Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) was instituted in 2011. These volunteers are second responders to aid the fire department in emergencies with the potential to last longer than eight hours. In practice, they have also helped with crowd and traffic control at planned events throughout the county and have helped set up emergency shelters during power outages. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 7 4.10: Renewable energy potential Wind Resource Power Resource Class W/m2 Potential Bear Lake Township Poor 1 0-200 2 200-300 Marginal 3 300-400 - Fair 4 400-500 - Good 5 500-600 - Excellent s 600-800 - Outstanding 7 >800 - Superb Biomass Resource MetrlcTons/Year Resource Potential <50,000 50,000 -100,000 • Bear Lake Township L Low [""°7 Marginal 100,000 -150,000 Good 150,000 - 250,000 - Very Good 250,000 • 500,000 - Excellent > 500,000 - Solar Resource kVV11/m2/day Outstanding Resource Potential < 3.5 Moderate :> 3.5-4 Bear Lake Township > 4-5 Good > 5-6 Very Good >6 EPA Tracked Sites O Abandoned Mine Land • Brownfield • RCRA 0 Federal Superfund o Non-Federal Superfund ~ Excellent �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 8 4.11: Proposed Merit fiber-optic network REACH-3MC & Merit’s Fiber-Optic Network Infrastructure KEWEENAW Calumet Houghton Duluth Ontonagon Superior HOUGHTON Baraga ONTONAGON BARAGA Odanah Ashland Ironwood GOGEBIC Marquette Covington Wakefield DICKINSON Crystal Falls Eckerman Seney Gwinn IRON Watersmeet Sault Ste. Marie, Canada LUCE Munising MARQUETTE ALGER MACKINAC DELTA Sagola St. Ignace Manistique Iron Mountain Powers Mackinaw City Cheboygan Escanaba Indian River Onaway EMMET MENOMINEE Marinette Sault Ste. Marie CHIPPEWA SCHOOLCRAFT Petoskey Charlevoix Gaylord ANTRIM Traverse City LEELANAU Grayling Lake City Cadillac MANISTEE WEXFORD MISSAUKEE GLADWIN OCEANA REACH-3MC Round II Fiber CLARE ISABELLA Big Rapids NEWAYGO MuskegonMUSKEGON Allendale Holland Zeeland OTTAWA Benton Harbor merit Flint Corunna EATON BARRY Marshall CALHOUN LIVINGSTON OAKLAND Southfield INGHAM Jackson JACKSON ST. JOSEPH Detroit Ann Arbor WASHTENAW WAYNE Adrian BRANCH Marysville MACOMB Rochester HILLSDALE LENAWEE Windsor, Canada Monroe Centreville Coldwater Hillsdale CASS ST. CLAIR GENESEE CLINTON KALAMAZOO Cassopolis NETWORK INC IONIA Kalamazoo Berrien Springs BERRIEN LAPEER SAGINAW SHIAWASSEE KENT VAN BUREN SANILAC TUSCOLA GRATIOT MONTCALM Grand Rapids HURON Bay City Saginaw Lansing/ East Lansing ALLEGAN BAY MIDLAND Mt. Pleasant Howard City Tawas City IOSCO ARENAC Midland MECOSTA Network Node Gladwin Clare OSCEOLA MASON REACH-3MC Round I Fiber Oscoda West Branch OGEMAW ROSCOMMON Luther Ludington Merit Fiber ALCONA Houghton Lake LAKE Key Mio Rose City CRAWFORD KALKASKA Green Bay Manistee OSCODA Kalkaska GRAND BENZIE TRAVERSE Alpena Hillman OTSEGO Beulah Posen CHEBOYGAN MONTMORENCY ALPENA CHARLEVOIX Menominee Rogers City PRESQUE ISLE MONROE Cleveland Toledo Chicago July 2, 2012 Telecommunications Connect Michigan, our arm of the national agency dedicated to bringing broadband access to every citizen, calculates that such success has already been achieved in 97% of households in Benzie and Manistee Counties. Figure 4.12 further shows that the remaining unserved areas are mostly in the inland areas of the counties rather than in the Lakes to Land communities. Still, improved broadband access came up in several of the visioning sessions. There is certainly room for improvement, particularly in terms of increased speed, provider choice, and types of platforms available. In January 2010, Merit Network was awarded American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funds to launch REACH-3MC (Rural, Education, Anchor, Community, and Healthcare—Michigan Middle Mile Collaborative), a statewide fiber-optic network for “community anchor institutions” such as schools and libraries. The completion of the line between Manistee and Beulah, serving the Lakes to Land region, was announced on December 28, 2012. What does this mean? Besides extending leading-edge direct service to organizations that serve the public, the REACH-3MC network uses an open access model that welcomes existing and new internet service providers to join. By constructing the “middle mile” between providers and users, the REACH-3MC cable removes a significant barrier to rural broadband by absorbing up to 80% of an internet service provider’s startup costs. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 9 4.12: Broadband service inventory in Benzie and Manistee Counties Broadband Service Inventory Empire Township ' Advertised Speeds of at Least 768 Kbps Downstream and 200 Kbps Upstream Benzie County I Platte Township BETA Version Submit questions or recommended changes to: maps@connectmi.org Lake Township As required by the US Department of Commerce's State Broadband Initiative, if broadband service is available to at least one household in a census block, then for mapping purposes, that census block is reported to have some level of broadband availability. As such, broadband availability at an exact address location cannot be guaranteed. Providers supplying more specific data than census block are displayed as such. P -4i BENZIE Crystal Lake Township Frankfort Township P FRANKFORT 1.3 Miles P Homestead Township Benzonia Township BEULAH I I P ELBERTA P BENZONIA Green Lake Township GRAND TRAVERSE I City I Gilmore Township Interstate Inland Township I Symbology P ------ I I HONOR ,,, ± Long Lake Township LAKE ANN I Map users are encouraged to participate in improving broadband data granularity through data validation and field testing efforts. Learn more about this and other broadband mapping facts at www.connectmi.org. 0.325 0.65 P I This map represents areas of broadband service availability determined by ongoing, in-depth technical analysis of provider networks and accommodations for the impact of external factors on service quality. Satellite broadband services may also be available. 0 Solon Township Almira Township I I @)) MiclirgaH *This map is not a guarantee of coverage, contains areas with no service, and generally predicts where outdoor coverage is available. Equipment, topography and environment affect service. Kasson Township I Michigan Updated April 1, 2013 -- - US Road Local Road Municipal Boundary Township Boundary County Boundary National and State Lands Water Blaine Township Fiber Broadband Available Weldon Township Joyfield Township Colfax Township Grant Township Cable Broadband Available DSL Broadband Available Fixed Wireless Broadband Available Mobile Wireless Broadband Available* P Unserved Areas Arcadia Township All Rights Reserved. © Copyright 2013, Connected Nation, Washington, D.C. 20010. Pleasanton Township Broadband Service Inventory Blaine Township Advertised Speeds of at Least 768 Kbps Downstream and 200 Kbps Upstream P Manistee County THOMPSONVILLE Springdale Township Joyfield Township Cleon Township P Weldon Township THOMPSONVILLE Colfax Township GRAND TRAVERSE ARCADIA P Arcadia Township Michigan Wexford Township Pleasanton Township COPEMISH Springdale Township Cleon Township Wexford Township Maple Grove Township KALEVA Marilla Township Springville Township Updated April 1, 2013 BETA Version Submit questions or recommended changes to: maps@connectmi.org @)) MiclirgaH *This map is not a guarantee of coverage, contains areas with no service, and generally predicts where outdoor coverage is available. Equipment, topography and environment affect service. P As required by the US Department of Commerce's State Broadband Initiative, if broadband service is available to at least one household in a census block, then for mapping purposes, that census block is reported to have some level of broadband availability. As such, broadband availability at an exact address location cannot be guaranteed. Providers supplying more specific data than census block are displayed as such. Bear Lake Township Onekama Township This map represents areas of broadband service availability determined by ongoing, in-depth technical analysis of provider networks and accommodations for the impact of external factors on service quality. Satellite broadband services may also be available. BEAR LAKE P Map users are encouraged to participate in improving broadband data granularity through data validation and field testing efforts. Learn more about this and other broadband mapping facts at www.connectmi.org. P ONEKAMA ± 0 0.45 0.9 WEXFORD MANISTEE 1.8 Miles Brown Township Symbology P Dickson Township Manistee Township City Slagle Township Interstate US Road Local Road Municipal Boundary Township Boundary P MANISTEE County Boundary National and State Lands P EASTLAKE Water Fiber Broadband Available P Cable Broadband Available STRONACH WELLSTON Norman Township Stronach Township Filer Township DSL Broadband Available P South Branch Township Fixed Wireless Broadband Available Mobile Wireless Broadband Available* Unserved Areas All Rights Reserved. © Copyright 2013, Connected Nation, Washington, D.C. 20010. MASON Grant Township Free Soil Township Meade Township Elk Township LAKE Eden Township Newkirk Township �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 1 Land Photo: Google Earth Naming a community after a natural feature truly underscores the connection between people and the land on which they live. Obviously, then, the 1800-acre Bear Lake (of which approximately 590 acres are within the township’s 36 square miles) represents perhaps the pivotal feature of the township. The first settlers put their stakes down at its shores, US-31 makes a pass around it, and it has been the basis for collaboration with neighboring Pleasanton Township. But it’s not the only lake in the township. The smaller Chief Lake (160 acres) sits on the southern boundary with Brown Township. Other kettle lakes, formed by glacial ice which broke off and buried under the outwash, dot the landscape: Adamson Lake, James Lake, Lake Emma (all 40 acres), Watson Lake (20 acres), and Cooper Lake (10 acres). Little Beaver Creek runs through the southeast quadrant of the township, while Schimke Creek (also known as Jones Creek) in the southwest corner feeds Portage Lake. Horseshoe Creek sidles out of the township to join Bear Creek to the east. All are trout streams. this plateau. Water retreating from the plateau’s ridges collects in the middle to form wetlands and a small area of surface water. Although it has the greatest elevation range in the region at a difference of 485 feet, this is nearly all attributable to the descent toward Portage Lake in the southwest corner. Much of the township is at a high elevation relative to the rest of the region; only a ridgeline at approximately the boundary between Benzie and Manistee Counties is higher. The steep slopes in Figure 4.14 (page 33) outline Today, over two thirds of the township is dedicated to either agriculture or forest, while about a quarter is used for residential purposes. The remaining land is divided among commercial, institutional, and leisure purposes. Bear Lake Township’s first fortunes came from the blanket of forest that covered it when the first non-Native settlers arrived. When those trees had mostly all been transformed into homes, businesses, fuel, and furniture by the beginning of the 20th century, agriculture arrived in the form of blueberries, apples, and cherries. As the search for energy has worn on, it has led to the discovery of oil and natural gas deposits throughout much of the township. The ground beneath Bear Lake Township, then, has housed us, fed us, and kept us warm. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 2 4.13: Land dashboard Land Dashboard Percentages indicate proportion of total land area except where noted TOPOGRAPHY Elevation Slopes 0-1 degrees: Low: 600 feet above sea level Critical dunes 6,149 acres 28% 1.1-5 degrees: 10,243 acres 47% High: 1,085 feet above sea level 5.1-9 degrees: 3,417 acres 16% Range: 485 feet 9.1-16 degrees: 1,386 acres 6% 16.1-80 degrees: 124 acres 1% 0 acres WATER Lakes Rivers Wetlands 18 miles 0.1% Emergent (characterized by erect, rooted, herbaceous hydrophytes, excluding mosses and lichens): 90 acres 0.4% 890.3 acres 4% Trout Streams: 11.9 miles 66% of river length Lowlands, Shrub, Wooded (characterized by low elevation and woody vegetation): 1,908 acres 9% PUBLIC LAND USE Roads Regional Trails Conserved Land State Land Federal Land DNR: 96.7 miles 0.4% 0 miles 0 acres 685 acres 3% Commercial Forest Act: 265 acres 1% 0 acres �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 3 kins H op - Forest - ------------ ------ - Pleasa nton 13 Mile - - r' Lakeside 4.14: Natural features map e For Bear Lake PLEASANTON TWP. 13 Mile BEAR LAKE TWP. st Chief Golfview Smith Wise Lynn Russell Potter West 1st Bear Lake 3rd 7th 5th 10th 9th 12th South Shore Clinton Allen ke Pleasant La Main ad Jacobs Milarch Railro Potter Hopkins Big Four e Rid ge ,,, r• 'r ., ' 11 Mile Anderson Ames Maidens .,, - ._ ...;_ Old /_., .:' . ,., Wills Win 1 1 Mile Ziehm ONEKAMA TWP. BEAR LAKE TWP. Maidens 4,i BEAR LAKE TWP. MAPLE GROVE TWP. Derby Linderman S pr u c e d y R idg 9 Mile ,., (, ,,) Tannerville ~ Elm Chippewa ant Bry ,. Poplar Jones Anderson Thorpe Adamson Lake 8 Mile Spikes Balsam Coe Elisa Milarch ·_- - - Lyman Collins Thorpe TWP. - -BEAR - - LAKE - TWP. - - -- - BROWN-- - Kenny @ I Chief Lake Siegfried ~ -- Feldhak LAKES TO LAND 0 Johnson Farnsworth ·;· 0.25 0.5 1 Miles Bear Lake Township Natural Features • Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, Benzie and Manistee County Equalization CJ Village of Bear Lake Township Boundary Major Roads Minor Roads Wetland Type: Lowland, Shrub, or Wooded Emergent Trout Stream CJ CJ Slope Degree: 9.1 - 16 16 .1 - 30 CJ 1111 B Updated: 04-08-13 R Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 4 Land use The land use section of this master plan provides an analysis of existing land use conditions and a proposed future land use development scenario. It contains two distinct maps: the existing land use map and future land use map. The existing land use map depicts how the property within the jurisdiction is currently developed. It shows how the land is actually used, regardless of the current zoning, lack of zoning, or future land use map designation—it is what you see happening on the property. The future land use map of a master plan is a visual representation of a community’s decisions about the type and intensity of development for every area of the municipality. These decisions, represented by the community’s land use categories, are based on a variety of factors and are to achieve the desired future land use. But at the heart of planning for future land use is a picture of how the physical development of the community will take shape. Simply put, this section describes how, physically, the community will look in 15 to 20 years. guided by the goals developed earlier in the master planning process—the Cornerstones and Building Blocks presented in this plan. Although the future land use map is a policy document rather than a regulatory document, meaning that it is not legally binding once adopted, it is used to guide the creation of the zoning ordinance and the zoning map, and it supports land use decisions about variances, new development, and subarea planning. That makes it perhaps the most important part of your master plan, as it defines how community land uses should be organized into the future. Factors considered when preparing the future land use map include: 1. Community Character. How will the land uses promote that character? 2. Adaptability of the Land. What physical characteristics (wetlands, ridges, lakes, etc.) need to be considered when planning for future development? How do the land uses for those areas reflect the uniqueness of the land? 3. Community Needs. What housing, economic development, infrastructure, or other needs should the community plan for? A part of the development of the future land use map is a discussion of the major land use issues facing the community, how they interrelate with the Cornerstones and Building Blocks, and strategies that may be undertaken 4.15: Existing Land Use chart and map EXISTING LAND USE ACRES: 21,871 total ------- PARCELS: 1,636 total Agriculture Forest 260 Natural Resource Related 256 161 54 6 Industrial, Manufacturing, Warehousing 5,964 Shopping, Business, Trade 7 121 Mass Assembly 5,064 2 427 231 Transportation Residential Cottage / Resort Residential Rural 165 Residential Settlement 195 Social / Institutional 80 39 554 8,948 Unclassified / Vacant ' 6 252 Leisure Activities 432 19 1 493 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 5 13 Mile H op PLEASANTON TWP. Forest kins Bear Lake Pleasan Lakeside ton J BEAR LAKE TWP. 13 Mile e For Chief Golfview Potter West 1st 3rd 7th 5th 12th 10th 9th Jacobs Milarch Pleasant d South Shore Clinton Allen st Railro a Potter Hopkins Big Four e R id g e Derby Linderman S pr u c 11 Mile 1 1 Mile Anderson Old Ames BEAR LAKE TWP. MAPLE GROVE TWP. Maidens Ziehm ONEKAMA TWP. BEAR LAKE TWP. Maidens Wills Win d y R id g e 9 Mile Tannerville Elm t Chippewa an Bry Poplar Anderson Thorpe Jones Adamson Lake 8 Mile Spikes Balsam Coe Milarch Elisa BEAR LAKE TWP. BROWN TWP. Johnson Farnsworth Collins Siegfried Chief Lake Kenny Thorpe Lyman Feldhak LAKES TO LAND Bear Lake Township Existing Land Use C J Residential Settlement C J Agriculture C J Shopping, Business, or Trade C J Forest Leisure Activities CJ C J Social / Institutional C J Natural Resources C J Transportation / Utilities C J Residential, Cottage / Resort C J Unclassified / Vacant C J Village of Bear Lake ~ Residential, Rural 0 0.25 } 0.5 1 Miles • Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, Benzie and Manistee County Equalization Updated: 10-22-13 C J Parcel Boundary Township Boundary Road B R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 6 4. Services. How are we ensuring that existing infrastructure is used efficiently, and that new infrastructure is planned for areas where new development is anticipated? 5. Existing and New Development. How will new development in the community relate to existing development? Existing and future land use maps are both different from a zoning map, which is the regulatory document depicting the legal constraints and requirements placed on each parcel of land. The parcels are classified into zoning districts, which are based on the future land use map. When owners want to develop or use their property in ways that do not conform to the zoning map, the planning commission uses the future land use map and the master plan to consider whether the proposed development conforms to existing regulations and policy. The existing land use in Bear Lake Township is very rural, with the exception of properties surrounding Bear Lake in its northwest corner and Chief Lake along it southern border with Brown Township. Land development along Bear Lake is similar in style and density to that found in the Village of Bear Lake, which makes either jurisdiction indistinguishable to the visitor or passerby on US-31 and reinforces the need to encourage the development of the Village of Bear Lake downtown. The configuration of land uses in the township is divided along Maidens Road. North of Maidens Road, existing land uses are primarily agricultural and large-lot rural residential development. South of Maidens Road, the land use is agricultural and forest. Commercial development occurs on US-31 and 13 Mile Road and south of the Village of Bear Lake to 11 Mile Road with two small business districts located at the intersection of US-31 and 9 Mile, and at US-31 and 8 Mile Roads. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.1 square miles (93.4 km²), of which, 34.7 square miles (90 km²) is land and 1.3 square miles (3.5 km²) of it 3.71% is water. Land use acreage was quantified at 21,871 acres and is depicted on the Existing Land Use map (Figure 4.15, page 35). Approximately 70% of the township consists of resource-related uses (agriculture, forests, etc.; Figure 4.17). Residential land uses account for 25% of township acreage, and the majority of this is on large lots. The average Residential Rural lot is 10.24 acres. Conversely, Residential Settlement properties account for 252 parcels with an average parcel size of 0.61 acres (Figure 4.16). The typology of land use in Bear Lake Township can be grouped into two categories based on the SmartCode and referred to as transects: Rural / Farm (T2) and Lake / Country (T3). 4.17: Resources and development land use table Land Use Related to Resources Agriculture 27% Forest 40% Natural Resources 3% Subtotal 70% Land Use Related to Development Residential 25% Other Categories 5% Subtotal 30% Total 100% Specifically, these typologies are: Rural / Farm Farming is the dominant land use activity with some large lot residences. Land: Parcels are used partially or wholly for agricultural operations, with or without buildings, and include the following: 4.16: Average parcel size table Acres Parcels Average Parcel Size Residential Cottage/Resort 165 252 0.65 Residential Settlement 260 427 0.61 5,064 493 10.27 Residential Type Residential Rural �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 7 i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. Farming in all its branches, including cultivating soil. Growing and harvesting any agricultural, horticultural, or floricultural commodity. Dairying. Raising livestock, bees, fish, furbearing animals, or poultry. Turf and tree farming. Performing any practices on a farm incident to, or in conjunction with, farming operations. Living: Farm and non-farm related residences are also found in this category and occupy sites that range in size from less than one acre to 10 acres. Commerce: Sporadic stores or shops which serve local residents. These are located along county roads and are not concentrated in one location to be considered a commercial node or district. Lake and Country Residential This area consists of low density collections of year-round homes or seasonal cottages, some clustered around Bear Lake. Home occupations and outbuildings are permitted. Planting is naturalistic and setbacks are relatively deep. Blocks may be large and the roads irregular to accommodate natural conditions and topography. Commerce: Stores and shops dotted along County Roads and US-31. These establishments include small grocery outlets, gas stations, gift shops, and personal and financial services. the Village of Bear Lake and that portion of the township emanating approximately a mile from the village. This configuration of land use should be preserved in the future and used as a natural delineation between the developed and agricultural portions of the township. The Future Land Use map encourages a higher degree of development around the Village of Bear Lake. Areas immediately adjacent to the village would be developed as Residential Settlement, a higher density development of 3 to 4 dwelling units per acre. This form of residential development would promote a gridlike street pattern similar to the village, which is walkable and provides for connectivity to other uses. Commercial development would extend south along US-31 to 9 Mile Road. Additional commercial development would be encouraged at the 9 Mile Road and 8 Mile Road intersections with US-31. A close review of the existing land use map notes the existence of a ring of agricultural land uses surrounding • Land: A variety of northern Michigan landscapes including rolling hills, lakeshores, meadows, forests and sensitive areas such as critical dunes and wetlands. Living: Residential land use found along Bear Lake and Chief Lake characterized by small lots. This category will contain a combination of seasonal and year-round homes. • Encourage appropriate development and conform to current building and fire codes. Encourage the development of �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 8 underutilized and brownfield properties in the downtown area. In order to meet the Michigan Fire Prevention Code, municipal water may be needed. Currently, the Village of Bear Lake provides a municipal water system which is served by two municipal wells and a 75,000 gallon water tank. In a limited exception, water is provided outside the corporate limits of the village to approximately 15 properties. In order to encourage commercial development along the US31 corridor and in the village proper, an intergovernmental arrangement may be needed between the village and the township. As illustrated on the Future Land Use map, land development south of 11 Mile Road and east of Anderson Road is designated Farm and Forest with the exception of land uses surrounding Chief Lake, which are envisioned to remain Residential Settlement. In addition to the land typologies outlined, there is an additional one that focuses on land developed adjacent to the Village. This typology is described as Settlement (T4). Settlement Traditional residential neighborhoods characterized by a grid street pattern, smaller lots with higher densities than found in other locations. Land: Primarily developed and settled as historic villages and centers of commerce or developed in the same context of their historic counterparts. Living: This land use category describes the neighborhoods of within the Village of Bear Lake. These neighborhoods are made up of single family homes located on lots with an average density of 4 - 6 units per acre. Homes are arranged close to the street with rear garages accessed by an alley when available. Arranged in a grid configuration, the streets are wide enough for on street parking but close enough to maintain an intimate neighborhood character. Trees and sidewalks line the streets, alleys provide rear entry to garages located in the backyard, and front porches beckon neighbors to sit and talk. A church may be found in the middle of the neighborhood along with neighborhood parks. Within walking distance to the business district, civic, and recreational amenities, the Settlement area is the premier place to live for individuals looking for a more urban environment within view of Bear Lake, and other natural resource amenities. Commerce: A variety of small stores and shops, banks, restaurants, and professional services. Future Land Use Categories The Future Land Use map reinforces the recommendations addressed in the Bear Lake Township Community Master Plan (2002) which placed heavy emphasis on maintaining and expanding agricultural operations (orchards, farms, animal husbandry, etc.). This strategy is as important today with a greater emphasis placed on local farm-to-table and local farmto-restaurant movements. The Future Land Use map has six land use categories: Business, Farm and Forest, Institutional, Recreation / Open Space, Residential Rural, and Residential Settlement. Farm and Forest This land use category identifies agricultural and forest (lumber harvesting) as the primary land use. Residences that are associated with the farm operation are found in this category, along with sporadic large-lot rural residences. The focus of this land use category is farming. Recreation / Open Space This category includes public parks and private recreation venues like the Hopkins Park on Bear Lake and the Bear Lake Highlands Golf Course located on US-31. Institutional Institutional land use includes properties that are owned by local units of government within the Township. In Bear Lake Township, they include Bear Lake Public Schools in the Village and along Milarch Road north of Potter Road, Township Hall and Fire Station, Township Cemetery on Maidens Road, Fairview Cemetery, Village of Bear Lake Village Hall, properties owned by the Village of Onekama that are used as part of their sanitary sewer and solid waste system, and the Manistee County Road Commission office and maintenance yard on Nine Mile Road. Residential Rural This area of the township contains single family homes for year-round and seasonal use, located on large lots. Some lots are used for farming and/or timber management. It is the intent of this designation to continue these uses while encouraging slightly larger lots in order to maintain well and septic integrity, private road �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 9 13 Mile PLEASANTON TWP. BEAR LAKE TWP. e For kins Forest H op Bear Lake Pleasa nton Lakeside 4.18: Future land use map 13 Mile d Golfview Smith Wise Lynn Russell Potter Stuart West 1st 3rd 7th 5th 10th 9th 12th South Shore Clinton Pleasant Main Chief ke La Railro a n Jacobs cks o Allen st Eri Potter Derby Milarch Linderman Hopkins Big Four Spru c e R id g e 11 Mile 1 1 Mile BEAR LAKE TWP. MAPLE GROVE TWP. Anderson Old Ames ONEKAMA TWP. BEAR LAKE TWP. Maidens Ziehm Maidens Wills Win d ge y R id 9 Mile Tannerville Elm ant Chippewa Bry Poplar Jones Anderson Thorpe Adamson Lake 8 Mile Spikes Balsam Coe Collins Siegfried Chief Lake BEAR LAKE TWP. BROWN TWP. Johnson Kenny Thorpe Lyman Farnsworth Milarch Elisa Feldhak LAKES TO LAND 0 Bear Lake Township Future Land Use Residential Rural CJ Parcel Boundary 1111 Business / Multiuse 0.3 0.6 1.2 Miles Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, Benzie and Manistee County Equalization Township Boundary Road CJ Farm and Forest CJ Institutional CJ Township Properties CJ Transportation / Utilities Residental Settlement Recreation / Open Space B Updated: 10-22-13 R l Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 4 0 4.19: Land use patterns standards to ensure emergency service access, and rural and scenic character preservation. Some agricultural commercial endeavors are allowed, and it is the intent of this designation to continue to support and promote agricultural opportunities. Other uses customarily found within a rural area are allowed, in keeping with the scenic rural preservation of the township. Single-family residential development will continue, attracting seasonal and permanent residents. .. ' ' ~tJ~ ~ - .- __· : ~ - I I ....!' ,· • - _..J I ' •. =· I l I• I ' •, •1 ) Some locations within the township will have limitations that prevent or reduce the level of development due to steep slopes and wetlands. As mentioned in the Regional Context section of the plan (Tab 2), much of the Lakes to Land region was impacted by glacier activity that resulted in land formations known as moraines. A moraine is any glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris, soil, and rock which can occur in currently glaciated and formerly glaciated regions, such as those areas acted upon by a past glacial maximum or ice age. These land features are prominent around Portage Lake, Arcadia Lake, and Betsie Lake. In Bear Lake Township, these features form hills with slopes ranging from 9-30 degrees, mostly along the northern portion of the township in sections 1, 3 and 12. Another system of moraines is located in the mid-section of the township just north of James Lake and south of Maidens Road (sections 21 and 22), and in sections 13 and 24 where Maidens Road terminates. On the east side of this moraine is a large lowland wetland complex which accounts for Top, agricultural land; middle, residential settlement; bottom, commercial land Photos: Google Earth �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 4 1 most of section 13 and 24. These natural features are highlighted on the Natural Features map (Figure 4.14, page 33). Residential Settlement As residential property is developed adjacent to the village, it should connect with the existing street-grid network in order to maintain efficient traffic distribution and walkability. Residential properties adjacent to Chief Lake are also Residential Settlement in their character and development patterns. This development type would be the most cost effective because it will spread the development and infrastructure costs over more lots. These areas are envisioned to be west of US-31 / south of Potter Road, and east of Russell Road / north of Potter Road. Business / Multiuse The business category includes a mixed commercial district which extends the length of the US-31 corridor. This district would include a variety of unplanned land uses including commercial, residential, manufacturing, warehousing, and recreational in a mixed configuration depending on the timing and type of development. It is intended to allow business development to occur along US-31. Zoning Plan The Michigan Planning Enabling Act of 2008 requires the inclusion of a zoning plan in the master plan. The zoning plan calls attention to changes that need to be made to the current zoning ordinance in order to align the zoning ordinance with the new master plan. Specifically, the zoning plan looks to show the relationship between the future land use map and the zoning map, and to suggest ordinance revisions to strengthen that relationship. The changes suggested are necessary in order to help implement specific aspects of the master plan. The zoning plan in Figure 4.20 denotes no major changes from the current zoning ordinance. 4.20: Zoning plan EXISTING ZONING DISTRICTS USES (General) SETBACKS LOT SIZE (Minimum) PROPOSED MODIFICATIONS AGRICULTURE AG-1 Agricultural Production – Crop Agricultural Production – Animal Forestry Lumber and Wood Products Riding Stables Single and Two Family Homes FRONT 50’ REAR 20’ SIDE 20’ 1 Acre No change. RESORT RESIDENTIAL RR-1 Single and Two Family Homes FRONT 50’ REAR 20’ SIDE 10’ 20,000 Sq.Ft. No change. RESIDENTIAL R-1 Single and Two Family Homes Home Occupations Churches FRONT 50’ REAR 20’ SIDE 10’ 20,000 Sq.Ft. No change. MULTIPLE USE M-1 Single and Two Family Homes Home Occupations Retail Trade Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate Educational Services FRONT 100’ REAR 20’ SIDE 20’ 40,000 Sq.Ft. No change. COMMERCIAL C-1 Retail Service Establishments Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate Public Administration Construction Services Wholesale Trade FRONT 100’ REAR 20’ SIDE 20’ 40,000 Sq.Ft. No change. �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 4 3 Action Plan The overall success of the Bear Lake Township Master Plan will be determined by how many of the recommendations have been implemented. This linkage between master plan acceptance and its eventual implementation is often the weakest link in the planning and community building process. All too often we hear that familiar phrase - “the plan was adopted and then sat on the shelf.” The plan is cited as the failure, however, the real culprit was the failure to execute or implement the plan. Implementation of the Bear Lake Township Master Plan is predicated on the completion of the tasks outlined in the Action Plan. 4.21: Action plan RECOMMENDED IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 2013 – 2018 Action Item Description Responsible Party Planning Commission Training The Lakes to Land Regional Initiative is coordinating training through Michigan State University for Planning Commissions within the region. This is an opportune time to have Planning Commission members go through the MSU Extension Citizen Planner program. Bear Lake Township Board of Trustees and Village of Bear Lake Trustees. (note: Local units should check with their respective municipal insurance carrier for PC member scholarships) 5-Year Parks and Recreation Plan Prepare and adopt an MDNR approved 5-Year Parks and Recreation Plan. Approval and adoption of a plan will allow the township to apply for a variety of MDNR grant programs. Bear Lake Township Board of Trustees Zoning Ordinance Modifications Revise the zoning ordinance consistent with the Zoning Plan. Planning Commission and Board of Trustees Prepare a Non-Motorized Trail Plan Work through the L2L Regional Initiative to prepare a non-motorized trail plan which includes the township and village. Planning Commission �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | i Appendix A Bear Lake Township Businesses �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | i i ADULT & CHILD CARE Adult Foster Care: Wildwood, 12481 Milarch Rd - Bear Lake Child Care Services: Great Beginnings at Bear Lake School, 7748 Cody St - Bear Lake Village AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY Farms: Buckhorn Orchards L.L.C., - Kaleva Calvin Lutz Farms, 8576 Chief Rd - Kaleva Douglas Valley Farms, - Kaleva Fruit Haven Nursery, 8576 Chief Rd - Kaleva K & S Simmental & Angus Farms, 11272 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake Meister’s Evergreens, 7643 Anderson Rd - Kaleva Smith Farms, 10821 Linderman Rd - Bear Lake Farm Equipment: West Coast Farm Services and Tractor Repair, 7768 Chippewa Hwy - Kaleva Forestry Services: Mackey Tree Farm, 9499 Ziehm Rd - Bear Lake Neil Nystrom Tree Planting, 10096 Maidens Rd - Bear Lake Lawn Services: Bowling Enterprises/Hydroseeding, 9091 Chief Rd - Kaleva Jus-Green’s Bug Squad, 7953 Main St - Bear Lake Village S & L Turfcare L.L.C., 12156 Linderman Rd - Bear Lake S & S Irrigation L.L.C., 6618 Spruce Ridge Rd- Bear Lake Tree Service: Thompson’s Tree & Stump Removal, 7872 Locust St - Bear Lake Village CEMETERIES Bear Lake Township Cemetery, 7942 Maidens Rd - Bear Lake Fairview Cemetery, 7076 Potter Rd - Bear Lake Fairview South Annex Cemetery, 7115 Potter Rd - Bear Lake CONSTRUCTION Commercial Iron Workers: LAMCO Inc., 7836 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake Commercial Pipefitting& Welding: Teachout Industrial Contacting Inc., 9572 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake Excavation & Foundation Work: Griz Sealing, Striping & Excavating, 10672 Chief Rd - Bear Lake McBride Septic Systems & Excavating, 6959 Clinton St - Bear Lake �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | i i i Heating, Cooling, Plumbing & Refrigeration: Lakeshore Mechanical L.L.C., P.O. Box 155 - Onekama Residential Builders: Brian Groenwald, 12859 Allen Rd - Bear Lake Fairlamb Installation L.L.C., 10591 Potter Rd - Bear Lake JR’s Construction, 6518 South Shore Dr - Bear Lake King Construction, 7206 Johnson Ct - Bear Lake LeSarge Construction, 7269 Chippewa Hwy - Kaleva Northern Construction L.L.C., 11455 Milarch Rd - Bear Lake Northwest Garage, 11833Linderman Rd - Bear Lake Residential Designer: Sierra Drafting & Design, 12545 Mallison Way - Bear Lake EDUCATIONAL SERVICES Elementary, Secondary School: Bear Lake School, 7748 Cody St - Bear Lake Village Library: Keddie-Norconk Memorial Library, 12325 Virginia St - Bear Lake Village Museum: Bear Lake Village Museum, 7738 Main St - Bear Lake Village HEALTH SERVICES Dentists: Dr. Craig Harless, DDS, 7659 Lake St - Bear Lake Village Dr. Norman Olson, DDS, 12521 Russell St - Bear Lake Home Health Care Services: Munson Home Health, 11634 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake Laboratories-Clinical, Medical, Diagnostic: Bear Lake Outpatient Services, 8225 Lake St - Bear Lake Physicians: Crystal Lake Clinic, 8225 Lake St - Bear Lake Social & Human Services: Northwest Michigan Health Services, 6433 8 Mile Rd - Bear Lake LAKE ACCESS Boat Launch Sites: Chief Lake Boat Launch off of Lyman Rd - Kaleva Marina Boat Launch - Bear Lake Village �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | i v Public Accesses: Road End Access Division St. off of Hopkins Forest Dr - Bear Lake Road End Access off of Anderson Rd - Kaleva Road End Access 13 Mile Rd off of Hopkins Forest Dr - Bear Lake Second St Access - Bear Lake Seventh St. Rd end Access - Bear Lake Public Beaches: Public Beach by Blarney Castle - Bear Lake Village Village Park Beach - Bear Lake Village MANUFACTURING Commercial Printing: Pioneer Press Printing, 12326 Virginia St - Bear Lake Village Fabrication: Correct Compression Inc., 11903 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake Bowling’s Last Stand - Bear Lake Metal Fabrication: Bowling Enterprises Inc., 9091 Chief Rd - Kaleva Welding Equipment & Supply: Remanufactured Electrode Cap Inc., 8100 11 Mile Rd - Bear Lake Window & Door Fabrication: Northview Window & Door, 9178 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake MEMBERSHIP & ORGANIZATIONS Civil & Social Associations: Bear Lake Athletic Boosters Bear Lake Boy Scouts Bear Lake Girls Scouts Bear Lake Lions Club Bear Lake/Onekama Girls Scouts Bear Lake Promoters Bear Lake Property Owners Association Bear Lake Schools Parent and Teachers for Students (PATS) Bear Lake Watershed Alliance Bear Lake Women’s club Masonic Lodge Order of the Eastern Star Triginta Club �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | v MINING Oil and Gas Exploration Services: Chevron DTE Gas Company Dynamic Development Inc. Federal Oil Federated Oil & Gas Jaguar Energy L.L.C. Jordan Development Company, L.L.C. Markwest Merit Energy Michcon Oil-Niagaran Savoy Oil Ward Lake Energy PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION County Road Commission: Manistee County Road Commission, 8946 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake Local Fire Department/Volunteers: Bear Lake Township Fire Department, Located in the Village Bear Lake Township Community Emergency Response Team Local Government: Bear Lake Township Board of Trustees, 7771 Lake St - Bear Lake Bear Lake Village Council, 7727 Lake St - Bear Lake Village Municipal Waste Water Treatment Facility: Village of Onekama - Bear Lake USDA & The Natural Resources Conservation Service: Manistee Conservation District, 8840 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake U.S Post Office: Bear Lake Post Office, 7777 Main Street - Bear Lake Village RETAIL TRADE Auto & Truck Repair and Auto Supplies: Auto Value Service Co., 7737 Lake St - Bear Lake Village Absolute Auto Repair & Tire, 7530 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake Northstar Automotive, 12130 7th St - Bear Lake Auto Body Repair: Coach Craft, 9242 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | v i Car Wash: Bear Lake Touchless Carwash, 11638 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake Chainsaw Specialty: Northern Chain Specialty, 7329 Chief Rd - Onekama Dining Entertainment Program: Two on the Town, 12326 Virginia St - Bear Lake Village Electric Contractor: Fink’s Wiring Inc., 7726 Lyman Rd - Kaleva Galaxy Electric Inc., 7347 Potter Rd - Bear Lake Paradigm Electric, 6513 Potter Rd - Bear Lake Event Rental: Rip and Run Canopy Rental, 12326 Virginia St - Bear Lake Village Financial Institutions: Honor State Bank, 11926 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake Huntington Bank, 7685 Lake St - Bear Lake Village Florists: Apple Hill Creations, 9654 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake Fuel Oil, L.P. and Natural Gas Dealers: Blarney Castle Oil Co., 12218 West St - Bear Lake Superior Energy Ziehm L.P. Gas Sales & Services, 10765 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake Gasoline Stations: Blarney Castle #2, 12348 West St - Bear Lake Saddle Up Gas & Grocery, 12991 Pleasanton Hwy- Bear Lake Gift, Novelty & Souvenir Shops: Leckrone Village Variety Antiques & Collectables, Lake St - Bear Lake Village Niizh Makwa Traders, 7714 Lake St - Bear Lake Village Quality Crafts, 7836 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake Richmond Drug, 7717 Lake St - Bear Lake Village Serendipity, 7710 Lake St - Bear Lake Village Treasures On The Lake, 7660 Lake St - Bear Lake Village Two Sisters Quilting, 9178 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake Greenhouse/Nurseries: Fox Farm Nurseries L.L.C., 7615 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake Our Field of Dreams, 9654 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake Grocery Stores: Bear Lake Discount Grocery L.L.C., 11740 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake Blarney Castle #2, 12218 West St - Bear Lake Dollar General, 11802 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake Orchard Lane Country Store, 9217 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake Saddle Up Gas & Grocery, 12991 Pleasanton Hwy - Bear Lake �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | v i i Hardware Store & Design Center: Bear Lake Ace Hardware/Lumber & Supply, 11950 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake Home Equipment Rental: Bear Lake Ace Rental, 11950 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake Insurance Agents Service: Bear Lake Insurance Agency Inc., 12141 West St - Bear Lake Village Maple Syrup: John Sievert, 11483 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake Shreve’s Maple Syrup, 11234 Linderman Rd - Bear Lake Marine Service: Bear Lake Marine, 7760 Lake St - Bear Lake Village Paving & Sealing: Griz Sealing, Striping & Excavating, 10672 Chief Rd - Bear Lake Pharmacy: Richmond Drug, 7717 Lake St - Bear Lake Village Real Estate: Ringel Real Estate and Auction, 11544 Linderman Rd - Bear Lake Restaurant: Hubbell’s Lakeside Restaurant, 7833 Lake St - Bear Lake Village Small Engine Repair: Wheeler’s Power Equipment Sales and Service, 11555 Milarch Rd - Bear Lake Small Wine Maker: Northern Naturals Organics L.L.C., 7220 Chief Rd - Kaleva Snow Removal: Wayne Meister, 8637 Johnson Rd - Kaleva Specialty Soap: Luzetta’s Handmade Soaps, 8754 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake Sporting Goods/Fishing: Bear Lake Ace Hardware/Lumber & Supply, 11950 U.S. 31 - Bear Lake Bear Lake Marine, 7760 Lake St - Bear Lake Village Osborn’s Sport Shop, 8929 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake Taverns & Restaurants: Grille 44, 12951 Pleasanton Hwy - Bear Lake Rosie’s Place, 9567 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | v i i i Truck Repair & Service: Blarney Castle, 6383 8 Mile Rd - Bear Lake Warehouse: Northstar Operating & Consultant, 9178 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake SERVICES Appliance Service: Ware’s Appliance Repair, 10534 Anderson Rd - Bear Lake Beauty & Barber Shops: Bear Lake Barber Shop, 7734 Lake St - Bear Lake Village Hair By Joy, 8659 Johnson Rd - Onekama Highland Hair, 11544 Linderman Rd - Bear Lake Krista LeAnn’s Salon, 7686 Lake St - Bear Lake Village Powder Puff Beauty Shop, 12136 2nd St - Bear Lake Sheli’s Hair Salon 8812 Johnson Rd - Kaleva Theresa’s Hair Care, 8 Mile Rd - Bear Lake Your Style II, 6981 Clinton St - Bear Lake Churches: First Baptist Church, Service Held At Bear Lake School - Bear Lake Village United Methodist Church, 7681 Main Street - Bear Lake Village Funeral Service: Edwards Oak Grove Funeral Home, 12353 Lynn St - Bear Lake Village Golf Practice Center: Driving Range next to Bear Lake Highlands, 11969 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake Horse Riding & Western Recreation: Rockin R Stables, 8805 13 Mile Rd - Bear Lake Metal Recycling: Larry Bowling Metal Recycling, 9347 13 Mile Rd - Bear Lake Motels and Resorts: Alpine Motor Lodge, 8127 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake Bella Vista Inn, 12273 Lake St - Bear Lake Village Honey Bear Resort, 12475 Hopkins Forest Dr - Bear Lake Windsunpines Resort, 12385 Hopkins Forest Dr - Bear Lake Parks & Campground: Hopkins Park & Campground, Hopkins Dr - Bear Lake Village Harry Cosier Court - Bear Lake Village Veterans Memorial Deck, 7727 Lake St - Bear Lake Village Public Golf Course: Bear Lake Highlands, 11685 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | i x Satellite Television: Country Roads T.V., 6831 Potter Rd - Bear Lake Septic Cleaning Service: McBride Septic Systems & Excavating, 6959 Clinton St - Bear Lake Sporting & Recreation Services: Bear Lake School Playground &Tennis Court, 7748 Cody St - Bear Lake Village Bear Lake Athletic Complex, South Shore Dr - Bear Lake Storage: Cold Storage Investments, 11903 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake Orchard View Self Storage, 7194 9 Mile Road - Bear Lake Towing: Statewide Towing & Auto Recovery, 12907 Pleasanton Hwy - Bear Lake Vacation Rental: Crystal Vacation Rental, 8127 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake TRANSPORTATION & PUBLIC UTILITIES Bus Service Facility: Bear Lake School, 7748 Cody St - Bear Lake Village Cable Television: Charter Communication Kaleva Telephone Co. Electrical Services: Cherryland Electric Consumers Energy Telephone Communication: AT&T CenturyLink Telephone Co. Kaleva Telephone Co. Water Supply: Bear Lake Village - Bear Lake Village WHOLESALE TRADE Petroleum Bulk Station and Terminals: Ziehm’s LP Gas, 10765 Chippewa Hwy - Bear Lake �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x i Appendix B Excerpts from the 2002 Bear Lake Township Master Plan �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x i i The following pages present excerpts from the 2002 Bear Lake Township Comprehensive Master Plan, selected for retention by the Bear Lake Township Planning Commission. 2002 Township- �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x i i i II TOPOGRAPHY The network of hills in Bear Lake Township are marginal moraines. The hills are deposits created by water running off the edge of a stationary glacier. The moraine, generally west of U.S. 31, has good farm soils. The good soils, combined with the irregular topography and moderate lakeeffect climate lends the area to unique farming conditions. Those conditions favor fruit-growing, broccoli and cauliflower crops. However, the hills and lake in the hot summers make the area less favorable for corn and grains. Parts of the moraine, which extends east of U.S. 31 have flatter areas which lend themselves to irrigated cash crops. The moraine normally supports hardwood trees and have deposits of gravel and clay. Bear Lake Township is also part of a glacial outwash plain. The outwash plain is where the water moving away from the glacier deposits sand and silt creating flat areas. The outwash plain in Bear Lake Township is part of a large plain that runs through the center of the county, extending from the north county line through Copemish, Kaleva, Brethren and Wellston. Two fingers running out of the larger Kaleva plain, includes Bear Lake and Chief Lake. II The major characteristics of an outwash plain is the presence of wetlands and poorly-drained soils. The entire area from Copemish south, drains into Big Bear Creek and then into the Big Manistee River. It is believed groundwater movement follows the same drainage pattern as the surface water. The plain has about 20-30 ft. of sand on top of a poor (for commercial use) clay. Groundwater sits on top of this 100 foot thick pan so the water table throughout the outwash plain is 10-20 feet below the surface. This shallow water table has an advantage as an inexpensive source of irrigation water. However, the outwash plain soils are relatively infertile and poor for farming . The high water table and predominant horizontal movement of the water table close to the surface necessitates the need for caution as to the type of industry locating in the area. An industry with a large volume of waste should not locate in this areas or should design a program to dispose of the wastes by reuse or transporting them elsewhere. A high density of septic tanks might also present the need for special attention. �RAMP CODE A hard-surfaced ramp with sufficient water depth to accommodate most trailerable boats. c,11 Toilets - Yes Parking - 32 TYPE OF LAKE BOTTOM fibrou, pe:1:l Rd @ puY;;"::ut 1,and ~ LAKE AREA I;j" 17q1; acres Rd B•ir ·* ,. " " "~ II ~ :: ?: ll MIio 11 Mile Rd !! " 'O a: ,, u - ·,. [ID ~ .@ " ------ .. '----- ''- :---:=--~-~ ----- BEST FISHING II .-, Smallmoulh Bass Walleye Pleaunl Sl R•llr~a ~ r I.; I.; I.; (.; Dr ,~ ,~ ,~ 1~ 1~ 12 1;oonlon Soulh Shore I.;; I.;; I.;; I.;; 'O ~ 11 r- :... '--"".f I ,--~ IMa!!'.,~- - - I I"' ;;..---"\---:::;(' 'O "' ~0. - .- k ~ ?; C : ..J "' ~ Cody )I OUTLINE b CONTOURS - • - Cel'llow• SHORE flA.TURES -i,mc:Novedro.-4 ~, a: Poller LAKE MAP SYMBOLS ---- "'-•tine 1· sr.;.,:jl·e !! SI \,' M•oh 0 Wooded R<i L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x i v l 22: MAP OF BEAR LAKE [I �I ~ 23: MAP OF CHIEF LAKE uV 'ti rl, rr @ MANISTEE COUNTY 'c Bear Lake & Brown Townships (See County Highway Map) .. 0 BEST FISHING Ill I~C Crappie -< Johnson 126 acres ____, __ ··...:. :---- .. , _ ,,---) ''" '\... (--------. . 11 '· 5 TYPE OF LAKE BOTTOM Rd fibrous peat pulpy peat sand LAKE MAP SYMBOLS OUTLINE & CONTOURS ., 'ti :E (71 .!:! VI ..__....-.. Shorolfne - s- Contour, SHORE FEATURES - Improved road \11/ Marsh 0 Wooded '>c .,C "' L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x v ----~'-0 LAKE AREA 0 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x v i II 24: MAP OF JAMES LAKE II LAKE AREA 23 acres TYPE OF LAKE BOTTOM detritus fibrous peat marl pulpy peat sand LAKE MAP SYMBOLS OUTLINE & CONTOURS ...___.......,. Shoreline - s - Contours SHORE FEATURES - Improved road \11/ Marsh 0 Wooded Nine Mile Rd C 0 ... Ill QJ u C < �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x v i i II WATER Surface Water and Drainage Systems Bear Lake Township surface water consists of Bear Lake, Chief Lake, Emma Lake, James Lake, Watson Lake, Adamson Lake and Cooper Lake. The bulk of Bear Lake Township is part of the Big Manistee River drainage basin. Big Bear Creek drains most of the Township area. Bear Lake drains into Little Bear Creek wich drains into Big Bear Creek which drains into the Big Manistee River. Watson Lake and Cooper Lake are thought of as being kettle lakes. Generally, a kettle lake doesn't seem to be connected to a surfact water drainage basin and is not connected to any of the Township or County's rivers. II Wetlands Soils with high moisture content are classified as somewhat poorly drained to very poorly drained, sandy loamy, clayer, marly or organic (muck or peat) soils or lowlands. These areas have a severe to very severe soil limitations for residential or urban-type development. High water tables, (year-round, intermittent or seasonal within 1-2 feet of the surface) is expected in these areas. Problems with septic tanks, pollution of ground and surface water and poor load-supporting ability are problems associated with wetlands. Wetlands in the Bear Lake Township area are located in the southeastern and southern part of the Township. There are some wetlands along County Rd . 600 and south of the golf course and a good-sized area in the southwestern part of the Township. (It's located between Maidens Road on the north and 9 mile on the south). Artificial Drains Manistee County Drains in the Bear Lake Township area as of November, 1979 are as follows: 1. BIG KAISER DRAIN - many open creeks and ditches drain into Horseshoe Creek and Williamson Creek. 2 . CHIEF LAKE DRAIN - open ditches and several gullies drain into Chief Lake and Chief Creek. 3. GUSTASON DRAIN - open tile (buried) drain, drains, into Little Beaver Creek. 4. BEAVER CREEK DRAIN - there is no explanation in °rhe County Drain Report on what this drain is. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x v i i i 25: II BEAR LAKE TOWNSHIP HYDROLOGY MAP U!igend J o~ -- •-• c:::a--- ! I 7 11 )II !' II I 16 '"' Crk 15 below I 21 D.! I i l i 30 14 ' I 20 ! Ullle B,a,e+ce•k i 19 I I l 17 12 22 23 24 I !\. 28 i 2 26 25 I I I 32 a 33 I ! "'I II �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x i x II 26: BEAR LAKE TOWNSHIP WETLAND MAP Legend • Lpland ~ Wet lard (hydric) ~ wet lard (veg . ) ~ M3ybe H. wet land ~ Maybe H. wet land ~ IJaybe veg.wet!and • (Vegitntion & Soi:) t.'a.nist':?': Co .P l~nnirg Dept. Sept . 28, 19~5 II �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x x 27: BEAR LAKE WATER QUALITY TESTING LOCATIONS See Fallowing Page for Results · MANISTEE COUNTY 9 0 ,. Lake Township Pleasanton Town5hip (Se! County Highway Map) BEAR LAKE TYP! OF t.: ,u: E ao TTOM ~~!.~~ h.J:-i-•11t"f.ac1d C'.:l•1t vU.t\ •1•ter ,h.,ch ;-, JCCo-=aetclat• .,.c ::-~LL•r.,0i• fibrous 9eH gravel • A ,u{! :c ~•"" Rd pu1pr ou t und !>oau. ~ L.-~Ki; AREA t I 7Qll acres " * Churchill Rd PU8l.lC ACC~SS SITE 13 Mlle Rd "a: BEST FISHING Smallmouth Bass P1tU&nl St Walleye _ _:.:_-._~;:4;_!-*-+.cd.:'---.=.--t-,s;;-t LAK! MAP SYMBOLS oun1Nie. .. CONTOVl'lS Dr . South Sho,..~ "' Shnrt ;;; Cllnton C. 2 1 - • i .,~C Cody --She<'•""' -:-c...-. ..,= .,.C,Rf: ftAnJAES --~,o.C, :; \I Mtnh 0 ,._.. a: Poller 31 ad �Great Lakes Water Quality Laboratory, Inc. P.O. Box 131 Lake Ann, Michigan 49650 231-275-7382 Bear Lake RESULTS LAB ID# Site NO 13082613 1 13082615 3 13082616 4 13082617 5 13082618 6 13082619 7 13082620 8 13082621 9 13082622 10 13082623 11 13082624 12 E coll pH (pH units) Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) Ammonia Nitrate Nitrite Phosphorus (T) mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L 842' >2419.6 37.9 8.2 7.9 <0.05 <0.5 <0.05 0.104 801' >2419.6 15.8 8.3 8.0 <0.05 <0.5 <0.05 0.116 774' >2419.6 5.1 8.2 7.8 <0.05 <0.5 <0.05 0.073 767' 1413.6 0.0 8.1 7.8 <0.05 <0.5 <0.05 0.177 780' 1299.7 0.0 8.4 7.8 <0.05 <0.5 <0.05 0.041 796' 2419.6 1.0 8.2 7.9 <0.05 <0.5 <0.05 0.039 768' 1119.9 0.0 8.2 7.7 <0.05 <0.5 <0.05 0.112 795' 1299.7 3.0 8.3 7.6 <0.05 <0.5 <0.05 0.124 798' 980.4 5.2 B.3 7.7 <0.05 <0.5 <0.05 0.163 797 >2419.6 12.0 8.2 7.6 <0.05 <0.5 <0.05 0.078 . . 765 >2419.6 547.5 7.6 7.9 <0.05 0.5 <0.05 0.228 726 >2419.6 579.4 7.5 7.7 <0.05 <0.5 <0.05 0.333 GENERAL COMMENTS: Collected By: Date: Time: BGIGLL 6/?R/1~ 2:50-4:45 pm Test Results Prepared By: Great Lakes Water Quality Laboratory, Inc. Certifcation # 0091 L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x x i 2 Total Elevation Coliform (Bacteria) This section has been updated in 2014 to reflect the Township’s periodic testing to maintain quality control 13082614 G.P.S. reading N44' 25.356 W86' 9.006 N44' 25.479 W86' 8.775 N44' 25.469 W86' 8.804 N44' 25.855 W86' 7.793 N44' 26.511 W86' 7.963 N44' 26.819 W86' 8.433 N44' 26.539 W86' 9.672 N44' 25.399 W86' 10.226 N44' 26.413 W86' 10.638 N44' 25.518 W86' 10.276 N 44' 26.404 W86' 7.544 N44' 26.395 W86' 7.558 �P.O. Box 131 Lake Ann, Michigan 49650 231-275-7382 RESULTS Chief Lake LAB ID# Site NO 13082625 1 2 13082627 3 13082628 4 13082629 5 20.663 7.957 20.854 7.847 20.856 7.332 20.657 6.834 20.641 7.281 Ammonia Nitrate mg/L mg/L (Bacteria) (pH units) Oxygen (mg/L) <0.05 <0.5 7.8 7.8 8.4 E coli pH Dissolved Elevation 759' Total Coliform >2419.6 759' >2419.6 1.0 7.9 7.8 <0.05 702' >2419.6 307.6 7.8 7.6 0:00 >2419.6 4.1 7.5 871' >2419.6 23.3 7.6 Nitrite mg/L Phosphorus (T) mg/L <0.05 0,079 <0.5 <0.05 0,07 <0.05 <0.5 <0.05 0.067 7.6 <0.05 <0.5 <0.05 0.045 7.6 <0.05 <0.5 <0.05 0.041 GENERAL COMMENTS: Collected By: Date: BG/GLL Time: 12:45-2:0Spm 8/26/2013 Test Results Prepared By: Great Lakes Water Quality Laboratory, Inc. Certifcation # 0091 This section has been updated in 2014 13082626 G.P.S. reading N44' W86' N44' W86' N 44' W86' N44' W86' N 44' W86' L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x x i i Great Lakes Water Quality Laboratory, Inc_ �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x x i i i 28: Historic Farms This page has been updated in 2014 Sesquicentennial Farm Joseph, Delbert, Kathryn, Ward Kelley First Owners: John & Amelia Patterson 7082 Chippewa Highway Date of Purchase: 6/18/1862 Kaleva, MI 49645 Centennial Farms John and Lillian Porter First Owner: John Baptise Porter (PaQuin) 7332 Chippewa Highway Date of Purchase: 7/1/1863 Kaleva, MI 49645 NE 1/4 of SE 1/4 & N 1/2, SW 1/4 of NE 1/4, Sec31, T23N, R15W Mabel Schimke First Owner: Gotleib Schimke Route 1 Date of Purchase: 10/18/1866 Bear Lake, MI 49614 Sec30, T23N, R15N Hazel Briske First Owner: James Griswold Route 1 Date of Purchase: 11/23/1868 Bear Lake, MI 49614 W 1/2 of E 3/5 of S 5/8 of SW 1/4, Sec 15, T23N, R15 Winston S. Churchill EST First Owner: Andrew Arner 11058 11 Mile Road Date of Purchase: 6/5/1869 Bear Lake, MI 49614 E 1/2 NE 1/4, Sec 14 & W 1/2 NW 1/4, Sec 13 & S 1/2 Sec 12, T23N, R15W Donovan E. and Bernice Anderson First Owner: David Anderson Route 2 Date of Purchase: 5/11/1872 Bear Lake, MI 49614 S 1/2 of NE 1/4 of Sec 3, T23N, R15W Harold and Joyce Johnson First Owner: Andrew Johnson 7174 Thorpe Road Date of Purchase: 7/1/1880 Bear Lake, MI 49614 SE 1/4, SW 1/4 & SW 1/4 SE 1/4 Sec 31, T23N & Sec 6, T22N, R15W Earl F. and Dorothy Osborn First Owner: Andrew and Catherine Anner Route 1 Date of Purchase: 4/27/1867 Bear Lake, MI 49614 W 1/4 of SE 1/4 of Sec 11, T23N, R15W Joel D. and Carol Meister First Owner: Daniel and Tillie Meister 7901 Anderson Road Date of Purchase: 4/8/1895 Kaleva, MI 49645 NW 1/4 of NW 1/4, Sec 34, T23N, R15W Felix S. and Catherine M. Gauthier First Owner: Frank L. Gauthier, Sr. 7616 Adamson Lake Road Date of Purchase: 4/21/1898 Kaleva, MI 49645 SE 1/4 of NE 1/4, Sec 32, N23N, R15W Douglas E. and Linda Alkire First Owner: Michael Fauble 8390 11 Mile Road Date of Purchase: 7/7/1899 Bear Lake, MI 49614 E 1/2, SW 1/4 Sec 9, T23N, R15W �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x x i v II SOIL There are 18 different soil groups in Bear Lake Township, two of which make up the greatest content of the Township. They are classified as C7 and CB. They are both well-drained soils. The classification code being used is one used by the Northwest Michigan Prime Forests Lands Project. ca is classified as one step better than C7 (due to the fact that C7 soils were weakly developed or degraded because of man's activity). Most of C7 soils are located on the abandoned farm lands which were depleted of many nutrients and organic matter by wind erosion and leaching which followed tillage. The best soils in the Township for forest potential are classified as C1, C2, C3, CS and part of E1, E4, ES, E7, F1 and F2. The very best (C2), is well to moderately drained, loamy soils. There are medium to small areas of this soil throughout the Township. C2 soils are found in Sections 3, 4, 7, 9, 16, 30, 31, 32 and 34. The best soil in the Township for agriculture yield are C1 and CS. CS is the best for the highest yield rates in the Township or County. There are only two small areas of this soil in the Township and they are located in Sections 9 and 16. The most unsuitable soils in the Township are G1 , G2 and H7. G1 and G2 are very poorly drained organic soils without trees. The geologic feature is very acidy bogs and unforested swamps. H7 is gravel pits. These soils are located in Sections 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21 , 26, 27, 33 and 35. The information on soil comes from the Bear Lake Township Manistee County third Level Soil Association Reports and Tables, furnished by the Manistee County Planning Commission and dated March 1982. 11 This report is for general planning purposed and for preliminary work. It is well to keep this in mind when looking for a progressive soil survey, which this is not. This report should be considered and used often in making recommendations as to the goals and Zoning for the Township. This report was put together by information gathered by the County Planning Commission, Soil Conservation Service and the N.W. Michigan Prime Forests Lands Project. Even though this report and maps are for general planning, it should be noted that this is, so far, the best information that this Township and the County have available to date. Information such as Forest potential, agriculture interpretations, building site limitations, sanitation limitations, construction material sources, recreational limitations and wildlife habitat information is important in all decision making from the Township. Some progressive soil survey work has been done around Bear Lake and along the Little and Big Bear Creeks south of 13 Mile Road. This material is not in published form . It is available for us at the County Planning Office and/or the the County Soil Conservation Service Office. Manistee County does not have a published Modern Progressive Soil Survey. Because the soil survey and grouping is oriented towards timber production statements on other soil properties such as farming, sanitation and construction materials, the groupings used are not always consistent with the groupings used in this text. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x x v II MINERAL RESOURCES OIL AND GAS The principle minerals commercially sought in the Township are oil and gas. Well drilling has followed a pattern of the SilurianNiagaran Reef. In the ?O's and 80's, oil and gas activity boomed in Bear Lake Township. In the 90's the wells began to lose production with some wells being plugged. In 1994, new technology was started with lateral drilling of some of the plugged wells, which brought them back to much higher production. II In 1995, Antrim Reef activity was begun with test wells. The oil and gas industry is responsible for a large flow of money in the Township mainly through royalties and personal property taxes. Direct employment from oil and gas activity is not significant. Indirect employment from servicing oil and gas wells and the multiplier effect of the royalties has had a large impact on the local economy. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x x v i II WILDLIFE CHARACTERISTICS This section has been updated in 2014 II - BIRDS SANDHILL CRANES - Found infrequently in the Township but generally increasing in number. BOBWHITE QUAIL - Non-existent except when released by private individuals. WILD TURKEY - . RUFFED GROUSE - Stable amount of habitat available for these birds. SHARP-TAILED GROUSE - None. SPRUCE GROUSE - None. MOURNING DOVE - Low to Medium. RING-NECKED PHEASANT - Wild birds low to non-existent, may be some pheasants the result of releases by private individuals. Hard winters usually fatal to these birds. High population. WOODCOCK - Medium population but decreasing in numbers. Habitat is decreasing as hunting pressure increases. WATERFOWL Medium to high 1, the continental population of most species of waterfowl are generally low. Canadian Geese are the exception. BALD EAGLES - Increasing; Manistee River eagles probably use Bear Lake Township as part of total range. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x x v i i II WILDLIFE CHARACTERISTICS 11 This section has been updated in 2014 ,._, MAMMALS ,._, OPOSSUM - Medium density. RACCOON - High. COTTONTAIL RABBIT - Medium to high density. MARTEN - None. FISHER - None. SNOWSHOE HARE - Low density. GRAY AND BLACK SQUIRREL - Low to medium density. FOX SQUIRREL- Low to medium density. RED SQUIRREL - Abundant. LEAST WEASEL - Part of range but no actual records of sights. SHORT-TAILED WEASEL - Same as the Least Weasel. LONG-TAILED WEASEL - Occur throughout the State. NORTHERN FLYING SQUIRREL - Common but rarely seen - nocturnal. MINK - Low to medium. BEAVER - Medium BADGER - Part of range but rarely seen. MUSKRAT - Low to medium. STRIPED SKUNK - Medium to high density. PORCUPINE - Low to medium. LYNX - None. COYOTE Medium to high in number, populations subject to mortality due to mange. · RIVER OTTER - Low to medium. BOBCAT - Low density, rarely seen. RED FOX - Low to medium. DEER - Medium density. BLACK BEAR increasing in We have resident bears in number, Township. COUGAR - Low density, rarely seen. ,._, BLACK BEAR ,._, In the late 60's or 70's the DNR placed Black Bear here to consume large amounts of Salmon that were dying on Creek banks at the end of their spawning run. The smell of dying Salmon is very offensive so to alleviate the problem it is believed that the bears were introduced to help balance nature. In the late 70's Roy Kuenzer did kill a black bear here in the township in self defense. There are many other species of birds and mammals that occur in Bear Lake Township. The previous lists include most of the obvious and economically important species. There are important wetland types that provide much needed winter deer habitat and stop over areas for migrating waterfowl. The upland types are utilized by many different birds and mammals, many of which are listed previously. There are no endangered or threatened mammals or birds residing in Bear Lake Township. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x x v i i i 29: BE AR LA KE TOWNSHIP RO AD II MAP II . 13 Mile Rd l I I .,/ 7 3 2 10 11 "'C ;- C: t ....\ 0:: 11 Mile Rd ✓-J· ( ) ~ - \._,/ ' I ; l J r is 17 I I I ... 15 14 , Maide ns Rd Ma ens Rd;- ___,) I t 19 21 Q '. ' cc ·, E .c ~ 24 l :5 ii5 ,· 28 ~ 8Mi E iD Rd .. "·· 36 • '\ i l LYTJ'l8n Rd \ ' johnso n Rd Legend Roads ---- Two Track s - Highw ays Minor Roads - County Roads 0La kes Sections 0 0.5 l -0 I' -i 30 "'C c::: I c::: I __ 23 22 tl-..,,.._ 0 l ...., - .,.. ~-. ... 16 !"' - ,.✓ -- 2 Miles �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x x i x 30: BEAR LAKE TOWNSHIP MAP Road Right Of Way ,..... •t•• ,,, U•U ...,,. ... ..,, .. , . .. t \f,Sf l • f ! ' ,-SECTION 32 ... . ..,. ,kt. JI :.Jt ..... '".,. ----- -.,,_~-- •··•· ,..,, Jt l (·H ""·'' •--, .... ......... ,:~:;:o"" .....,. ,..,. , �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x x x BEAR LAKE TOWNSHIP MAP Road Right Of Way ___,. 9c:,1• \,IIJ!l , _ 1. Ul\·• IS"l "'"' / 1 \1•1 .. r.:g;-~.. ,u ••U• U t•,.•U ....... UI• ••• IU• H I lll•• tt 1 • 1• 1 lll•tW ·• \ 20 t•n•u 111· - 1•11. .1 ,_ ..... -· lfl• - f . Ull.•'l.,.. I«. I -ri.;.-SECTION 8 • 1- " I IH•lr UhH t•lf-tl ltt-M .... , .u11.-1111-. ....... 1 • 11• U ,._,., 11(&11111."00: , _ ' """ 01•- .._ ____ . .•tt•tl -, M U I .. . .,t 1wr. • ,.._,. • • lll•ltt • t•U •U l • U•U ,, ,._ · SECTION • • ,.,... '""'" - l•tt•U tl • N •O IU•I •-11-11 .., ~ \. ""·" .• ,.,...... ..,.,....,...,....,... ...... ,..... , - ,_.. ... ...... ..._,,_.. ·-· \ ...... , ,-.... ....... '"·" '" ~ �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x x x i BEAR LAKE TOWNSHIP MAP Road Right Of Way , ~ -· \ SECTION 5 . · ,. - SECTION 4 · �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x x x i i This page has been updated in 2014. II MANISTEE COUNTY TRANSPORTATION 11 COUNTYWIDE DIAL-A-RIDE Morning and Afternoon - Monday - Friday 24 Hour Advance Reservation Requested General Manager: Dick Strevey Call 231-723-6525 or 1-800-775-7433 For Reservation or More Information Conference Room Available For Rent Free Transportation To Munson Hospital Monday - Friday: Will Pick Up At Home www.manisteecountytransportation.com II PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM Bear Lake Village has the only public water system. There are three wells with a capacity of 150 gallons per minute. Water storage is by elevated tank with a capacity of 75,000 gallons. District Waterlines are 6” to 1O" in size. Bear lake Township property owners each have their own water system. 11 All property owners in the township have their own septic systems. There is one septic pumping company in the township, McBride Septic Systems and Excavating. The Village of Onekama owns ·78 acres it uses for sewage treatment ponds in Section 19 of Bear Lake Township. Additional lines have been extended east of the Village limits (Russell Street) to accommodate two residences outside Village limit and extended west 200 feet along South Shore from the Village limits to accommodate an additional fire hydrant. There is no projected plans by the Village of Bear Lake to extend water lines at this time. Additional updates: On May 1, 1999, the Village of Onekama purchased 72 acres in Section 17. On May 12, 2005, the Village of Onekama purchased 98 acres in Section 8. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x x x i i i II PARKS AND RECREATION This section has been updated in 2014. 11 HOPKINS PARK TENNIS COURTS Located in Section 5, in the Village of Bear Lake on the south shore of Bear Lake. The site was originally the lumber yard for the Hopkins Saw Mill. After the lumber cut was finished, Mr. George W. Hopkins undertook the gigantic task of creating a park. Hundreds of loads of earth was hauled in, grass was sown and trees planted. After the work was completed, the two acre park was donated by the Hopkins family to the Village of Bear Lake to be used by the people of the area. The first campers arrived in 1925. The facilities include 30 campsites each of which have a fire pit ring and electrical service. There are picnic tables, grills and a 30 ft x 20 ft. shelter. Restroom and coin operated showers are located in the basement of the Village building above the campgrounds. There is a drinking fountain, 3 water taps and a dump station for recreation vehicles, motor homes and trailers. Tennis courts are located on school property on Smith Street. Built with monies from the Triginta Club of Bear Lake. COUNTY HIGHLAND'S GOLF COURSE Established in 1966 by local businessmen and area citizens. The course originally started with 9 holes and has since expanded to 18 holes, club house, pro-shop, restrooms and drinking fountains on the course. BOAT LAUNCHING SITES On Bear Lake there is one boat launching site located at Hopkins Park. There is a DNR launch in Pleasanton Township. On Chief Lake there is one boat launching site located off Lyman Road. HARRY D. COSIER MEMORIAL PARK Formally known as the "unnamed park" The Park at Wise and Stewart Streets was donated to the Village of Bear Lake on November 19, 1929 by Mr. and Mrs. H.M. Cosier to become a memorial to their departed son Harry D. Cosier. Facilities include a tennis court and 2 basketball boards. LAKE ACCESS SITES Bear Lake Township wants to mark corners and maintain the four access sites on Bear Lake and the one access on Chief Lake. OTHER ATTRACTIONS The Bear located on U.S. 31 in the Village of Bear Lake Village Park located on U.S. 31 next to Richmond Drug �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x x x i v SCHOOLS II II This section has been updated in 2014 Bear Lake Schools is the public school system that serves both Bear Lake and Pleasanton Township residents. A small number of students in the area also attend other schools of choice within Manistee County. Bear Lake Schools provide K-12 students with programs within the school facility as well as outside it. Most programming occurs at the school itself, but a number of high school students attend career and technical training at West Shore Community College. In addition, Bear Lake Schools also has students who participate in dual enrollment college courses through West Shore Community College technology programs during the day. The main school building represents six different constructions since 1951. The most recent addition (2002) provided for six new elementary classrooms, five new high school classrooms, a new central office, a new regulation II size gymnasium, and some general refurbishing of the building. Bear Lake Schools also take part in a number of cooperative efforts. The school system shares a superintendent with the Kaleva Norman Dickson School District. It also shres a business office with the KND, Onekama, Casman, and Manistee Intermediate school districts. Athletically, Bear Lake has cooperative programs with Onekama in cross country, football, track and baseball. It has cooperative programs with KND in girls soccer and boys golf. Bear Lake Schools offers boys and girls skiing in a cooperative program with both KND and Onekama. The remaining sports, boys and girls basketball and volleyball, are offered through Bear Lake Schools. Finally, Bear Lake Schools partners with both KND and Onekama to offer drama to their students. BEAR LAKE TOWNSHIP CEMETERIES 11 This section has been updated in 2014 Bear Lake Township Cemetery The old part of the Cemetery was deeded October 2, 1869, by Jemima __ __ Cushing to the Board of Health of Bear Lake Township. The Western part of the Cemetery was purchased from Edwin and Bernice Evens on Lots are October 30, 1936. available for purchase. There are 7 .1 + acres in the entire Cemetery which is located on Maidens Road in Section 16 and 17 in Bear Lake Township. Fairview Cemetery By all available records Fairview Cemetery must have been privately owned by Arlie L. Hopkins. The old Cemetery has five acres (no lots available in this .section) and the new one has ten acres and is plotted out. It was purchased from Benjamin E. and Mary Matthews on August 24, 1951. Lots are available for purchase. These cemeteries are on the corners of Linderman and Potter Road in Bear Lake Township. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x x x v Libraries This section has been updated in 2014 Beginning in the fall of 2000, John and Genevieve Martin generously donated $150,000 for the construction of our library. They requested the new library to be named after longtime Bear Lake residents Luke Keddie and Dr. Norconk. In January 2001, the Township of Bear Lake, the Village of Bear Lake, and the Township of Pleasanton created the legal entity, the Kiddie Norconk Memorial Library Board, to build and administer our new library with the Manistee County Library. Ken and Diana Edwards donated the property on Virginia Street for the location of the building, and on September 26, 2001, the groundbreaking ceremony took place. A reception followed at the Pleasanton Township Hall honoring the Martins and Edwards. Together with the donation from the Martins and Edwards, the volunteer labor, Library Angels, who helped purchase shelving, a $5,000 grant from the Oleson Foundation, and many other community members, the library opened in early June 2002. The Keddie Norconk Memorial Library was dedicated July 13, 2002 during Bear Lake Days. Calvin Murphy, John Martin, Dr. William Anderson, Jerry Mathieu, and Pastor Al Decatur gave speeches. In August 2002, the Keddie Norconk Memorial Board approved an operating agreement with the Manistee County Library. Whereas, the local board is to maintain the branch building, including lawn care, snow removal, and casualty insurance. The county library system will provide operating staff, books, and materials. During 2010, the Keddie Norconk Memorial Library Board purchased additional property from the Edwards for an expanded paved parking lot. In addition, a gazebo was added for outside library activities and a place to sit when using the wi-fi. The Keddie Norconk Memorial Library Board is a joint cooperative of Bear Lake Township, Pleasanton Township, and the Village of Bear Lake; with an operating agreement with the Manistee County Library. This partnership will provide library services for decades into the future to the people of northern Manistee County The current Keddie Norconk Memorial Library Board members are: Chair: David Adams Secretary: Sandy Ertel Treasurer: Deanna Pattison, Bear Lake Township Clerk Trustee: Glen Moore, Village of Bear Lake President Trustee: Carol Merill, Pleasanton Township Supervisor �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x x x v i II GENERAL GOALS AND OBJECTIVES II GOAL: To have the use of the land in Bear Lake Township well balanced providing for the complimentary and compatible arrangement of land uses and activities. Encourage the orderly consumption of it's surface and subsurface resources and provide the maximum flexibility for future citizens to adapt to conditions which cannot be foreseen . OBJECTIVE: To encourage an atmosphere of trust between citizens, their neighbors, their government and provide for the greatest degree of personal liberty possible. STRATEGY: Based upon the belief that most people hold dear their obligation as caretakers of the land and will respect their neighbors rights as they would expect the same in return. Provide protective guidelines where zoning is concerned, without trying to manage details that are better decided upon by the land owner themselves. OBJECTIVE: Recognize the need and desires of people for quality living conditions. STRATEGY: Organize and establish areas in the township to provide compatible uses and allow for various residential zones, commercial services and agricultural activities. OBJECTIVE: Provide our lakes with guidelines for year round and seasonal residential use offering protection for lake water quality and property values. STRATEGY: Establish minimum set backs, square footage and other parameters which, while safe guarding the neighbor will allow the most flexibility to the property owner, resulting in decisions based upon logical placement v/s arbitrary restrictions. OBJECTIVE: To promote strong neighborhood structure by providing residential areas that are close to necessary service zones. STRATEGY: Establish reasonable set backs, square footage and other parameters which encourage good quality construction and logical placement of structures on a lot. OBJECTIVE: Provide areas for commercial activities which will offer easy access for our residents and the traveler and give the entrepreneur the best chance for success. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x x x v i i II GENERA L GOALS AND OBJECTIVES II STRATEGY: Establish variable degrees of commercial use availability along US 31 and near the Chief residential area. OBJECTIVE: Provide large land tract owners choices and flexibility managing their property. Structure a protective strategy to surface and subsurface natural resources recognizing land owner rights and adjacent land owner interests. STRATEGY: Provide reasonable acreage requirements for building sites. Provide reasonable setback distances from property lines, streams, lakes and other water areas. Provide reasonable use provisions. OBJECTIVE: Have all township guidelines easily understandable, clear, and avoiding redundancy with other government agency regulations. STRATEGY: Do not try to over regulate or legislate beyond the townships realm of responsibility. OTHER OBJECTIVES: Locate and develop a parcel of land to provide a recreation area for our residents and tourists. Providing water and land activities. Buy additional property for the Township Cemetery (as much as feasible wherever possible) on Maidens Road. For more efficient maintenance, discourage monuments and huge statues and encourage flat grave markers in the future. The care of the cemetery should continue to be the Township's responsibility. Guidelines will be set by the Board and the Board members will check the cemetery several times during the year. No parcel of land should be allowed to be landlocked. All lakes should be zoned with the greatest protection. Township Board should keep lobbying to return lost revenue to the Township through the Michigan Township Association. Resort trade should be encouraged in Bear Lake Township. Support the importance of agriculture in Bear Lake Township. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x x x v i i i 31: Plat Map Refer to page 51 for keyed parcels BEAR T.23N .-R.15W. LAKE I ~2 ;g 0 ~ ~ llJ (!) llJ ~ (!) ~ t:J llJ llJ (/) Acker (/) z0 "' N 0 0 0 ~ z0 8 0) z0 0 0 0:, (£) 6000E z 2013 Rockford Map Pubis., Inc. SEE ?OOOE BOOOE PAGE 9000E 86°'05• 17 10000E 11000E g se 0 '04• Manistee County, Ml 12000E 0 r-- �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x x x i x II SUMMARY The Bear Lake Township Comprehensive Plan was put together to provide information from which to base planning and zoning decisions upon. The purpose of township planning is to provide a guideline for future growth and development. it must take into account the inherent right of the individual and balance it with their rights as neighbors. The entire community of the township and its neighbors are affected by the way the land is used and maintained. As caretakers of the land we do have the obligation to protect it for our future generations. In this era of excessive regulation, this Planning Board has chosen to believe in the personal intelligence and integrity of the individual. In zoning it has given as much freedom as possible to the individual property owner with respect to property rights. This freedom does place certain obligations upon each property owner to respect the rights of his neighbor with the expectation that they will do the same in return. The zoning ordinance which was written concurrently with this comprehensive plan reflects this philosophy. The ordinance takes into account the various terrains, lakes, thoroughfares and the existing communities make-up and personality. it was written with the belief that when a regulation exists which supercedes the township authority, it should not be redundantly duplicated, making this ordinance thicker and harder to understand. It was written with a realistic view of the present and the future in mind. Submitted for the Good of Bear Lake Township by the 2002 Bear Lake Township Planning Commission With due diligence, the 2014 Bear Lake Township Planning Commission has studied and affirmed these pages. All rights reserved without prejudice. II �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x l i Appendix C Sources and Data �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x l i i Sources Tab 2 – by Page 26. United States Geological Survey. “USGS Water Science school: the effects of urbanization on water quality: phosphorous.” Last modified March 2013. http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/phosphorus.html 31. Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. “Cadillac district watersheds with approved watershed plans.” Last modified August 21, 2012. http://www.michigan.gov/deq/0,1607,7-135-3313_3682_3714_31581-96473--,00.html 34. Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. “State and Federal Wetland Regulations.” Undated. http://www.michigan. gov/deq/0,4561,7-135-3313_3687-10801--,00.html 34. Ducks Unlimited. “Ducks Unlimited Received 11 Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Grants for Conservation in Michigan.” 2011 Conservation Report. http://www.ducks.org/media/Conservation/GLARO/_documents/_library/_conservation/_ states/2011/Michigan_Report2011.pdf 35. National Parks Service. “A Nationalized Lakeshore: The Creation and Administration of Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore.” Theodore J. Karamanski. 2000. http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/slbe/. Photo: http://www.nps. gov/slbe/images/20060901164502.JPG 38. Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. “Sand Dune Protection.” Undated. http://www.michigan.gov/ deq/0,4561,7-135-3311_4114_4236---,00.html 40. M-22. “About Us.” February 2009. https://m22.com/?category_name=about-us 42. MichiganHighways.org. “Historic Auto Trails.” Last modified March 2013. http://www.michiganhighways.org/indepth/ auto_trails.html 42. Schul, Dave. “North American Auto Trails.” Last modified October 1999. http://academic.marion.ohio-state.edu/schul/ trails/trails.html 43. County Road Association of Michigan. “Michigan’s County Road Commissions: Driving Our Economy Forward.” Undated (circa 2008). http://www.micountyroads.org/PDF/econ_broch.pdf 43. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts. “Reported Traffic Crashes by County in Michigan.” 2011. http://publications. michigantrafficcrashfacts.org/2011/quick_2.pdf 43. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts. “Crash Rate Per Licensed Driver by Age of Driver in All Crashes.” 2011. https:// s3.amazonaws.com/mtcf.pubs/2011/veh_17.pdf 43. Michigan Department of Transportation. “North Region Winter Level of Service for 2011-2012.” Approved October 2011. http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdot/MDOT_LoS_map_North_08-09_FINAL_255162_7.pdf 46. United States Army Corps of Engineers. “Great Lakes Navigation System: Economic Strength to the Nation. Last modified March 2013. http://www.lre.usace.army.mil/Portals/69/docs/Navigation/GLN_Strength%20to%20the%20Nation%20Booklet 2013v2_final2w.pdf 46. United States Army Corps of Engineers. “Great Lakes Harbors.” Arcadia, Frankfort, Manistee, Portage Lake entries all last modified April 2013. http://www.lre.usace.army.mil/Missions/GreatLakesNavigation/GreatLakesHarborFactSheets.aspx 47. RRHX: Michigan’s Internet Railroad History Museum. “The Evolution of Michigan’s Railroads.” Undated. http://www. michiganrailroads.com/RRHX/Evolution/EvolutionProjectDescription.htm �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x l i i i 50. Airnav.com. “Airports.” Updated May 2013. http://www.airnav.com/airport/KMBL; http://www.airnav.com/airport/ KFKS; http://www.airnav.com/airport/7Y2 50. The Rotarian. “Soaring on a Shoestring,” Karl Detzer. December 1939, Volume LV No. 6, p. 16-18. Accessed via books. google.com. 53. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. “Educational Value of Public Recreation Facilities,” Charles Mulford Robinson. March 1910, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 134-140. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1011260 53. Southwick Associates, for the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. “The Economics Associated with Outdoor Recreation, Natural Resources Conservation and Historic Preservation in the United States.” October 2011. http://www.trcp.org/assets/ pdf/The_Economic_Value_of_Outdoor_Recreation.pdf 57. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation Division. “Michigan Public Boat Launch Directory.” Undated during the Engler administration (1991-2003). http://www.michigan.gov/documents/btaccess_23113_7.pdf 57. Great Lakes Commission, for the United States Army Corps of Engineers. “Great Lakes Recreational Boating’s Economic Punch.” December 2008. http://www.glc.org/recboat/pdf/rec-boating-final-small.pdf http://www.lre.usace.army.mil/_kd/Items/actions.cfm?action=Show&item_id=6197&destination=ShowItem Great Lakes Recreational Boating report in response to PL 106-53, Water resources development act of 1999, US Army Corps of engineers, Dec. 2008 60. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. “Value of Wildlife to Michigan.” Undated. http://www.michigan.gov/ dnr/0,4570,7-153-10370_30909_43606-153356--,00.html 60. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. “75th anniversary of Pittman-Robertson Act is a perfect time to celebrate hunters’ role in conservation funding.” August 2012. http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,4570,7-153-10366_46403-284662-,00.html 67. Interlochen Public Radio. “Art Around the Corner – Frankfort’s Post Office Mural.” February 2012. http://ipr.interlochen. org/art-around-corner/episode/18226 68. National Parks Service National Register of Historic Places. “Telling the Stories: Planning Effective Interpretive Programs for Properties Listed in the National Register of Historic Places bulletin,” Ron Thomson and Marilyn Harper. 2000. http://www.nps. gov/nr/publications/bulletins/pdfs/interp.pdf 68. National Parks Service National Register of Historic Places. Database. Varying dates. http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/ natreghome.do?searchtype=natreghome 69. Michigan Lighthouse Conservancy. “The United States Lighthouse Service.” Last modified June 2011. http://www. michiganlights.com/lighthouseservice.htm 69. terrypepper.com. “The Lighthouses of Lake Michigan.” Last modification date varies; July 2004-January 2007. http://www. terrypepper.com/lights/lake_michigan.htm 78. United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Education Pays.” March 2012. http://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_chart_001.htm 79. Esri. “Tapestry Segmentation Reference Guide.” 2012. http://www.esri.com/library/brochures/pdfs/tapestrysegmentation.pdf 84. Metlesits, Dave. “Season 1-2 dash in Photoshop” (illustration of KITT car dashboard from “Knight Rider”). April 2007. http://davemetlesits.deviantart.com/gallery/10189144?offset=24#/dvkxfu �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x l i v Tab 4 – by Subject Economics United Stated Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Industries at a Glance. Manufacturing: NAICS 31-33.” Data extracted February 2013. http://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iag31-33.htm United Stated Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Industries at a Glance. Retail Trade: NAICS 44-45.” Data extracted February 2013. http://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iag44-45.htm ReferenceForBusiness.com. “Service Industry.” Accessed March 2013. http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/ScStr/Service-Industry.html Esri. “2011 Methodology Statement: Esri Data—Business Locations and Business Summary.” March 2012. http://www.esri. com/~/media/Files/Pdfs/library/whitepapers/pdfs/esri-data-business-locations.pdf University of Washington West Coast Poverty Center. “Poverty and the American Family.” 2009. http://depts.washington.edu/ wcpc/Family United States Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Highlights of Women’s Earnings in 2009.” June 2010. http:// www.bls.gov/cps/cpswom2009.pdf Commuting Center for Neighborhood Technology. “H+T Affordability Index.” Data extracted March 2013. http://htaindex.cnt.org/about. php; http://htaindex.cnt.org/map/ Slate.com. “Your Commute Is Killing You,” Annie Lowrey. May 2011. http://www.slate.com/articles/business/ moneybox/2011/05/your_commute_is_killing_you.single.html (studies cited: http://www.gallup.com/poll/142142/wellbeinglower-among-workers-long-commutes.aspx; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353829205000572; http:// ideas.repec.org/p/zur/iewwpx/151.html) Traffic Counts Michigan Department of Transportation. Average daily traffic map. 2011. http://mdotwas1.mdot.state.mi.us/public/maps_ adtmaparchive/pdf/2011adt/AADT_STATE_FrontPg-2011_29x30_NO_INSETS.pdf Michigan Department of Transportation. Traffic monitoring information system. Built October 2007; data extracted March 2013. http://mdotnetpublic.state.mi.us/tmispublic/ Infrastructure PEI Infrastructure Investor. “What in the world is infrastructure?” Jeffrey Fulmer. July / August 2009, p 30–32. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x l v American Society of Civil Engineers. “Report Card for America’s Infrastructure.” 2013. http://www.infrastructurereportcard. org/ The Economist. “D (for dilapidated) plus: Slightly better roads and railways, but don’t live near a dam.” April 6, 2013. http:// www.economist.com/news/united-states/21575781-slightly-better-roads-and-railways-dont-live-near-dam-d-dilapidated-plus Michigan.gov. Mi Dashboard. 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Data extracted March 2013. http://www.connectmi.org/interactivemap Merit Network. “Merit’s ARRA Projects: REACH-3MC Fiber-Optic Network Update.” February 2013. http://www.merit.edu/ documents/pdf/reach3mc/REACH-3MC_Project_Overview.pdf Land United States Geological Survey. “The National Map.” Accessed March 2013. http://nationalmap.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Northern Research Station. “Michigan Surficial Geology.” Accessed March 2013. http://www.ncrs.fs.fed.us/gla/geology/images/mi-surfgeo.gif United States Geological Survey. “Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States: Emergent Wetland.” Last modified February 2013. http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/wetlands/classwet/emergent.htm Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. “The Sand Dunes Program.” Accessed March 2013. http://www.michigan. gov/deq/0,4561,7-135-3311_4114_4236-9832--,00.html �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x l v i Data US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2006-2010, Selected Social Characteristics (DP02), Selected Economic Characteristics (DP03), and Selected Housing Characteristics (DP04) Subject Bear Lake Twp Estimate Percent POPULATION 1990 1,374 NA 2000 1,587 1.55% 2010 1,751 1.03% 2016 (proj.) 1,754 0.03% HOUSING OCCUPANCY Total Housing Units 1,031 1031 Owner-occupied 595 57.7% Renter-occupied 101 9.8% Seasonal/Recreational/Occasional use 203 19.7% Vacant - For Sale, For Rent, etc. 132 12.8% EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Population 25 years and over 1,308 1,308 Less than high school 147 11.20% High school graduate and equivalency 557 42.60% Some college, no degree 181 13.80% Associate’s degree 131 10.00% Bachelor’s degree 166 12.70% Graduate or professional degree 126 9.60% Percent high school graduate or higher (X) 88.80% Percent bachelor’s degree or higher (X) 22.30% SCHOOL ENROLLMENT Population enrolled in school 450 25.70% CLASS OF WORKER Civilian employed population 16 years + 736 736 Private wage and salary workers 559 76.00% Government workers 115 15.60% Self-employed 56 7.60% Unpaid family workers 6 0.80% Private sector jobs 83.6% INCOME AND BENEFITS (IN 2010 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS) Total households 746 746 Less than $10,000 33 4.40% $10,000 to $14,999 33 4.40% $15,000 to $24,999 133 17.80% $25,000 to $34,999 112 15.00% $35,000 to $49,999 165 22.10% $50,000 to $74,999 162 21.70% $75,000 to $99,999 55 7.40% $100,000 to $149,999 38 5.10% $150,000 to $199,999 5 0.70% $200,000 or more 10 1.30% Median household income (dollars) 39,309 (X) Very low income 199 26.7% Low income 112 15.0% Moderate income 327 43.8% High income 93 12.5% 15 2.0% Very high income Per capita income 19,311 Median earnings for workers (dollars) 20,806 Median earnings for male full-time, 40,139 year-round workers (dollars) Median earnings for female full-time, 26,063 year-round workers (dollars) POVERTY All families (X) All people (X) Under 18 years (X) Receiving food stamps 73 Receiving cash assistance 37 INDUSTRY Civilian employed population 16 736 years and over Agriculture, forestry, fishing and 53 hunting, and mining Construction 72 Manufacturing 55 Wholesale trade 21 Retail trade 52 Transportation and warehousing, and 19 utilities Information 5 Finance and insurance, and real 18 estate and rental and leasing Professional, scientific, and 43 management, and administrative and waste management services Educational services, and health care 120 and social assistance Arts, entertainment, and recreation, 152 and accommodation and food services Other services, except public 78 administration Public administration 48 Manufacturing to retail jobs 1.06 Non-retail 454 Retail, arts, accommodations, food 204 Non-retail to retail, arts, acc., food 2.23 (X) (X) (X) (X) 9.40% 11.40% 15.60% 9.80% 5.00% 736 7% 10% 8% 3% 7% 3% 1% 2% 6% 16% 21% 11% 7% �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x l v i i EMPLOYMENT STATUS Population 16 years and over In labor force Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Armed Forces Not in labor force Civilian labor force Percent Unemployed Jobs per 1,000 residents Non-service jobs per 1,000 residents COMMUTING TO WORK Workers 16 years and over Drove alone Carpooled Public transit (except taxi) Walked Other means Worked at home Workers who commute Commuters who drive alone Mean travel time to work (minutes) HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Total households Average household size Average family size VETERAN STATUS Civilian population 18 years + Civilian veterans ANCESTRY Total population American Arab Czech Danish Dutch English French (except Basque) French Canadian German Greek Hungarian Irish Italian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Russian Scotch-Irish Scottish Slovak Subsaharan African Swedish Swiss Ukrainian Welsh West Indian (excluding Hispanic) 1,431 841 839 736 103 2 590 839 (X) 420 409 1,431 58.80% 58.60% 51.40% 7.20% 0.10% 41.20% 839 12.30% 720 560 79 0 45 4 32 688 22.4 720 77.80% 11.00% 0.00% 6.30% 0.60% 4.40% 95.56% 81.40% (X) 746 2.48 2.81 746 (X) (X) 1,383 180 1,383 13.00% 1,872 128 3 37 29 46 268 103 72 545 9 0 177 80 0 72 150 0 9 21 24 35 0 138 4 4 12 0 1,872 6.80% 0.20% 2.00% 1.50% 2.50% 14.30% 5.50% 3.80% 29.10% 0.50% 0.00% 9.50% 4.30% 0.00% 3.80% 8.00% 0.00% 0.50% 1.10% 1.30% 1.90% 0.00% 7.40% 0.20% 0.20% 0.60% 0.00% OCCUPATION Management, business, science, and arts occupations Service occupations Sales and office occupations Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations Production, transportation, and material moving occupations VALUE Owner-occupied units Median home value (dollars) MORTGAGE STATUS Owner-occupied units Housing units with a mortgage Housing units without a mortgage GROSS RENT Occupied units paying rent Median rent (dollars) HOUSE HEATING FUEL Occupied housing units Utility gas Bottled, tank, or LP gas Electricity Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. Coal or coke Wood Solar energy Other fuel No fuel used YEAR STRUCTURE BUILT Total housing units Built 2005 or later Built 2000 to 2004 Built 1990 to 1999 Built 1980 to 1989 Built 1970 to 1979 Built 1960 to 1969 Built 1950 to 1959 Built 1940 to 1949 Built 1939 or earlier 58 36.50% 20 25 32 12.60% 15.70% 20.10% 24 15.10% 659 659 129,800 (X) 659 376 283 659 57.10% 42.90% 66 725 66 (X) 746 350 206 26 81 0 80 0 3 0 746 46.90% 27.60% 3.50% 10.90% 0.00% 10.70% 0.00% 0.40% 0.00% 980 25 90 154 93 116 98 118 88 198 980 2.60% 9.20% 15.70% 9.50% 11.80% 10.00% 12.00% 9.00% 20.20% �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x l v i i i US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2006-2010, Selected Economic Characteristics (DP03)                   746 576 253 440 189 26 21 110 43 170 131 81 267 272 2.48 2.81 +/-62 +/-59 +/-44 +/-55 +/-39 +/-13 +/-13 +/-31 +/-23 +/-39 +/-30 +/-21 +/-41 +/-45 +/-0.16 +/-0.17 746 77.20% 33.90% 59.00% 25.30% 3.50% 2.80% 14.70% 5.80% 22.80% 17.60% 10.90% 35.80% 36.50% (X) (X) INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS IS BELOW POVERTY LEVEL All families 9.4% +/-3.7 With related children under 18 years 15.0% +/-6.9 With related children under 5 years only 16.7% +/-20.6 Married couple families 3.2% +/-2.2 With related children under 18 years 5.2% +/-4.6 With related children under 5 years only 0.0% +/-46.8 Families with female householder, no husband 36.4% +/-15.8 With related children under 18 years 55.6% +/-26.0 With related children under 5 years only 45.0% +/-55.0 All people 11.4% +/-4.0 Under 18 years 15.6% +/-7.4 Related children under 18 years 15.6% +/-7.4 Related children under 5 years 20.0% +/-11.5 Related children 5 to 17 years 13.9% +/-7.3 18 years and over 10.0% +/-3.9 18 to 64 years 11.1% +/-5.2 65 years and over 7.1% +/-3.2 People in families 9.6% +/-3.7 Unrelated individuals 15 years and over 23.5% +/-12.1 (X) +/-4.8 +/-5.4 +/-6.1 +/-5.0 +/-1.8 +/-1.7 +/-3.8 +/-3.0 +/-4.8 +/-3.8 +/-2.7 +/-4.9 +/-5.1 (X) (X) �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x l i x Notes for US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2006-2010, Tables S2403 and S2404 (following pages) Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see Accuracy of the Data). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables. The methodology for calculating median income and median earnings changed between 2008 and 2009. Medians over $75,000 were most likely affected. The underlying income and earning distribution now uses $2,500 increments up to $250,000 for households, non-family households, families, and individuals and employs a linear interpolation method for median calculations. Before 2009 the highest income category was $200,000 for households, families and non-family households ($100,000 for individuals) and portions of the income and earnings distribution contained intervals wider than $2,500. Those cases used a Pareto Interpolation Method. Industry codes are 4-digit codes and are based on the North American Industry Classification System 2007. The Industry categories adhere to the guidelines issued in Clarification Memorandum No. 2, “”NAICS Alternate Aggregation Structure for Use By U.S. Statistical Agencies,”” issued by the Office of Management and Budget. While the 2006-2010 American Community Survey (ACS) data generally reflect the December 2009 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) definitions of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas; in certain instances the names, codes, and boundaries of the principal cities shown in ACS tables may differ from the OMB definitions due to differences in the effective dates of the geographic entities. Estimates of urban and rural population, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on Census 2000 data. Boundaries for urban areas have not been updated since Census 2000. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization. Explanation of Symbols: 1. An ‘**’ entry in the margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate. 2. An ‘-’ entry in the estimate column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution. 3. An ‘-’ following a median estimate means the median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution. 4. An ‘+’ following a median estimate means the median falls in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution. 5. An ‘***’ entry in the margin of error column indicates that the median falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate. 6. An ‘*****’ entry in the margin of error column indicates that the estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not appropriate. 7. An ‘N’ entry in the estimate and margin of error columns indicates that data for this geographic area cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small. 8. An ‘(X)’ means that the estimate is not applicable or not available. �                  Median earnings: Median earnings:    Male Female  Margin of Margin of Margin of Margin of Margin of Margin of  Error  Error  Error    Error Error Error +                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | l �                 Median earnings: Median earnings:     male female  Margin Margin of Margin of Margin of Margin of Margin of  of Error  Error  Error    Error Error Error                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | l i �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | l i i Esri Business Analyst Financial Expenditures Bear Lake Township Area: 36.08 Square Miles Spending Potential Index Assets Market Value Checking Accounts Savings Accounts U.S. Savings Bonds Stocks, Bonds & Mutual Funds Annual Changes Checking Accounts Savings Accounts U.S. Savings Bonds Earnings Dividends, Royalties, Estates, Trusts Interest from Savings Accounts or Bonds Retirement Plan Contributions Liabilities Original Mortgage Amount Vehicle Loan Amount 1 Amount Paid: Interest Home Mortgage Lump Sum Home Equity Loan New Car/Truck/Van Loan Used Car/Truck/Van Loan Amount Paid: Principal Home Mortgage Lump Sum Home Equity Loan New Car/Truck/Van Loan Used Car/Truck/Van Loan Checking Account and Banking Service Charges Finance Charges, excluding Mortgage/Vehicle Average Amount Spent Total 80 83 92 74 $4,504.00 $10,568.84 $366.78 $28,053.09 $3,134,892 $7,356,173 $255,289 $19,525,641 43 81 373 $109.84 $306.43 $8.62 $76,454 $213,284 $5,998 81 77 74 $770.35 $679.80 $987.24 $536,181 $473,157 $687,143 58 88 $12,110.45 $2,327.86 $8,429,170 $1,620,247 65 74 77 91 $2,935.06 $93.68 $157.02 $142.94 $2,042,875 $65,205 $109,292 $99,492 74 78 79 94 $1,415.96 $125.77 $853.53 $689.21 $985,544 $87,539 $594,076 $479,705 72 $19.30 $13,434 73 $173.39 $120,686 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | l i i i Business Summary Bear Lake Township Area: 36.08 Square Miles Data for all businesses in area Total Businesses: Total Employees: Total Residential Population: Employee/Residential Population Ratio: by NAICS Codes Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting Mining Utilities Construction Manufacturing Wholesale Trade Retail Trade Motor Vehicle & Parts Dealers Furniture & Home Furnishings Stores Electronics & Appliance Stores Bldg Material & Garden Equipment & Supplies Dealers Food & Beverage Stores Health & Personal Care Stores Gasoline Stations Clothing & Clothing Accessories Stores Sport Goods, Hobby, Book, & Music Stores General Merchandise Stores Miscellaneous Store Retailers Nonstore Retailers Transportation & Warehousing Information Finance & Insurance Central Bank/Credit Intermediation & Related Activities Securities, Commodity Contracts & Other Financial Investments & Other Related Activities Insurance Carriers & Related Activities; Funds, Trusts & Other Financial Vehicles Real Estate, Rental & Leasing Professional, Scientific & Tech Services Legal Services Management of Companies & Enterprises Administrative & Support & Waste Management & Remediation Services Educational Services Health Care & Social Assistance Arts, Entertainment & Recreation Accommodation & Food Services Accommodation Food Services & Drinking Places Other Services (except Public Administration) Automotive Repair & Maintenance Public Administration Unclassified Establishments Total Source: Business data provided by Infogroup, Omaha NE Copyright 2012, all rights reserved. Esri forecasts for 2011. 102 694 1,749 0.40 Businesses Number Percent 3 2.8% 4 4.1% 1 0.8% 11 11.1% 2 2.3% 8 7.8% 15 14.4% 2 2.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.3% 2 1.7% 3 2.5% 1 0.9% 2 0.9% 0 0.0% 3 2.5% 1 0.8% 3 2.8% 0 0.0% 2 1.9% 2 1.7% 5 5.1% 2 1.7% 1 0.8% Employees Number Percent 14 2.0% 18 2.6% 8 1.1% 30 4.3% 13 1.9% 69 9.9% 76 11.0% 11 1.5% 0 0.0% 1 0.1% 19 2.8% 10 1.4% 7 1.0% 12 1.8% 0 0.0% 7 1.0% 4 0.6% 6 0.9% 0 0.0% 12 1.7% 2 0.2% 18 2.6% 8 1.1% 2 0.2% 3 4 1 1 0 4 3 4 3 10 6 4 13 3 5 2 2.5% 3.9% 1.3% 0.8% 0.0% 3.8% 3.1% 3.9% 2.8% 10.2% 6.0% 4.2% 12.9% 2.9% 4.6% 1.7% 8 8 3 1 0 11 130 64 82 39 12 27 30 7 52 15 1.2% 1.1% 0.4% 0.1% 0.0% 1.6% 18.7% 9.2% 11.8% 5.7% 1.8% 3.9% 4.4% 1.1% 7.5% 2.2% 102 100% 694 100% �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | l i v �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | l v Appendix D Documentation A complete packet has been assembled that includes “Intent to plan” notices Draft distribution notices Public hearing notices All received comments Meeting minutes related to consideration of comments Public hearing meeting minutes A copy of this packet is on file at Bear Lake Township Hall. The documents are also available at www.lakestoland.org/bear-lake-2/master-plan/ As required by Michigan Public Act 33 of 2008, the Michigan Planning Enabling Act, the signed resolution adopting this master plan is on the inside cover. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | l v i �l a k e s t o l a n d r e g i o n a l i n i t i a t i v e Implementation �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode Figures, Maps, Tables 5.1 Shared Community Priorities table 5.2 Volunteer card 5.3 Regional Collective Priorities table 5.4 Lakes to Land Master Plan covers M-3 M-7 M-7 M-11 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 1 Priority Sharing The original scope of work for the collaboration, designed at the very beginning of the process, was focused on respecting and honoring the individuality and unique qualities of communities while developing opportunities for partnership and collaboration. Given their potential utility to other communities, the appendix includes a generic copy of the resolutions that Lakes to Land governing bodies were asked to consider and pass to signify grassroots acceptance and understanding of Lakes to Land goals and principles. Just as Lakes to Land began within a collaborative framework, a culmination was envisioned in which all of the participating communities brought their completed master plans—whether written with Lakes to Land or independently—together to share their content and discuss the potential for implementation partnerships. The event was to be called a “Convention of Communities,” and would be both a working session and a celebration of the successful master planning process. But it’s hard to accurately predict the conditions at the end of a pioneering undertaking. The Leadership Team’s monthly meetings over the course of the year and a half spent writing the master plans forged some deep and personal connections among the communities’ planning commissioners and leaders, and excitement to share in each others’ work built as the drafts neared completion. There is a long, quiet administrative stretch between when a planning commission completes its draft and when it is formally and finally adopted, and the Leadership Team wanted to capitalize on and spread some of the enthusiasm before it dissipated. Accordingly, they invited planning commissioners and appointed and elected officials from all of the participating communities as well �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 2 LAKES to LAND LOCAL VEGGIE PLATTER Th, cniem. to, me Sall Grinnin& Kitchen, p,odur:a ;, &!way, ,n ,h;, «rkr, LOCAL FIRST. Michipn grown ,-,.,1 md ORGANIC durd. To rlw rnd, fM liJ/omng /oc,J /inns grtrw irems on this my: as the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians to a “Priority Sharing Meeting” on June 27, 2013. Fifty-nine people, including a couple of members of the public, attended. This unprecedented gathering of community planners and leaders was exciting and dynamic, occurring at the right time under the right circumstances—a situation that could hardly be planned even by the best planners. The meeting opened with a locallysourced, zero-waste feast of pizza and veggies organized by Crystal Lake Township leadership team member Sharron May. In preparation for the meeting, communities were asked to choose five priorities that could serve as an initial step to advance their goals and vision, and the consultant team presented the full list of 69 priorities before consolidating them into ten categories in order to indicate potential alliances. Demonstrating both the value and effect of momentum, Tim Ervin of Manistee Alliance for Success introduced a new grant awarded to the Initiative by the Michigan Department of Treasury for implementation and explained that the grant was written to target support for zoning and the development of an Agriculture Innovation District—both common themes that had emerged through the collaborative goal-setting process. Ten posters, one for each theme and its associated priorities, were affixed to the wall. Participants were given Brown's Family Orchards &- Honey, Onekama Echo Bend Farm. Arcadia Loving Dove Farm, Bear We Narrow Gauge Farms &- Forge, Beulah Potter Road Farm, Bear Lake Still Grinning Gardens, Frankfon Ware Farms, Bear Lake ~ .. EATING IS AN A GR/CULTURAL ACT... WENDELL BERRY N �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 3 5.1 Shared Community Priorities table Lakes to Land RE f: 10 AL I IT IATI V ~ SHARED COMMUNITY PRIORITIES AGRICULTURE Blaine Consider deve lop ing an agricu lture vita lity strategy Pleasanton Develop agricultu re -based economic deve lopment. Crystal Lake Ord in ances should be adopted and enforced from nuisances such as blight, noise, air, smoke, light and water pollution I Joyfield I Gilmore _ Honor rM ulti-townsh ip house hold dump day I Blight 1 Developme nt of a blight/junk ord inance. I Bea r Lake Twp 1 1 Develop an enforcable bl ight and junk ordi nance and take steps to implement it. Elimi nate bl ight Crystal Lake I !~?rove comm unication a~d cooperation between Crysta l Lake Towns hip and its citizens and other loca l units of governmen t. Manistee Reinstitute semi-an nu al meet ings with neigh boring townsh ips Ma nistee Expand/Use Web Page and Facebook to promote Manistee and link to CVB, Chamber & AES Crystal Lake Encouraged development in locations with public services and consiste nt with t he density, character, and development in the area and ou r Corn erstones Elberta Historic Life Savi ng Station Preservation 1 Joyfield Growth in light industry/smal l business (train ing, zon ing issues) Ma nistee Work w ith Main Street/ODA to recruit more business options 1---- - - - Ma nistee Promote Gu idebook for Economic Development/Job Creation Honor Develop design gu idel ines that expresses the community's vision for achieving a desired Village character. Arcadia Implement commercial streetscape improvements. 1 I Ma nistee Twp. ;-Bear Lak~-Village Page 11 Continue to we lcome construction of large retail stores in the township l Revitalize downtown Shared Priorities 06.27.2073 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 4 Lakes to Land RH: 10 Al I lll ATI V INFRASTRUCTURE: EXPAND AND IMPROVE Elberta 1 Sewer/Water infrastructu re I infrastructu re - w ireless, natura l gas IJoyfie ld Joyfie ld Townsh ip roads - assessment, upgrades, trai ls Blaine Develop a road improvement plan to cover mai ntenance, site plans (private roads) and good commun ication and coord ination with MDOT and Cou nty Road Gilmore Technology Commission . Project ana lysis and feas ibility study of insta Iling a san itary sewer system . Arcadia lr----------Arcadia Ut ilize and develop the faci lities at t he Pleasant Va lley Community Center to be . t he loca l and reg ional trail hub. Create and Improve Way-fi nd ing signage and Enha nce the commercial co rri do r ! t hrough t raffic controls and improved pedestrian/non-motorized access and offstreet parkin g. Adopt Energy Independence Plans, including commu nity energy generation and reduction in grid-based energy based on fossi l fuels. 1 I ! I I Fran kfo rt Fran kfort Affordab le sewer High-speed Intern et infrastructure -~-- - - - - - ------M-22 SCENIC HIGHWAY 1 M-22 Scen ic Highway Designation One kama M-22 corridor/ Scenic Heritage route - Pu rchase the vacant properties along South Street for the pu rpose of deve lop ing a pub lic access poin t to the Platte River. - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - , Penfold Park Marina (dredgi ng, raised boardwa lk/fishing deck, kaya k/canoe launch, con nect to Betsie Va lley Trai l) Elberta Elberta Elberta ! Fran kfort ! I Ma nistee Twp. I Bea r Lake Twp . ! Bea r Lake Vil lage Bea r Lake Vi llage ~ - RECREATION OPPORTUNITIES AND IMPROVE EXISTING FACILITIES Honor l - -- Gilmore XP. l - -- - - Elberta beach park development (parki ng, picn ic tables, restrooms, cha nging area, play area/lan dscaping) T°Elbe rta Dunes Sout h (trail si~ gn_s_, -be_n_c-he- s, loo kout platforms, natura l-h isto ry ! sign age, promote yea r rou nd activities, se If-composting style permanent I restrooms) ,..__--- ~ - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - < new sta nda rds fo r pu blic facilities in recreationa l destinations and I Create deve lop publ ic private partners hip(s) to bu il d these fac ilities I Provide more access to the Big Man istee I Develop a pa rks and recreation plan . I Rive r Commu nity Center I Pa rk Faci lity/Pu blic Restrooms ar Lake Vl llage_ _ s_ ye_a_r_R_e_c_ re_a_ti_o_ n _P_la_n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Page 12 Shared Priorities 06.27.2013 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 5 Lakes to Land Rf f. 10 Al I IT IATI V SPECIAL REGULATIONS/ ZONING Review and revise Rural Prese rvation Zon ing District of the Zon ing Ord inance Crystal Lake lBlaine Blaine , Elberta Gilmore lGilmore Honor IDevelop a scenic view protection plan Simplify PUD process , Zoning Ord inance critique and revision Fund ing to incorporate zon ing revisions and provide fo r legal review of zo ning ord inance . I Rura l scenic chari oteer prese rvation. Revisions to t he zon ing ordina nce. ! Fran kfort I Update the Zon ing Ord inance. I Update Parking regu lation.sand standard II · Develop Zon ing Ordinance(s) for Altern ative and Renewable Energy col lection, storage and use along with co nservation sta ndards that wi ll bri ng about the reduction in energy demand. Requi re buffers & connections between different land use districts I Pleasanton Fran kfort Manistee Twp . Manistee Twp. : Onekama Onekama TRAILS SYSTEM Gilmore I Stream line permitting processes , Zoning ord inance rewrite Protection of "Natural Resou rces" (wate rshed, agriculture, etc.) LAND AND WATER Trail Systems Pleasanton Develop a non-motorized transpo rt ation route through the Village linking the Village to the Sleeping Bea r Dunes Nationa l Lakeshore. Develop a mu lti-user tra il system t hroughout t he Township t hat also connects to regional trail systems. Arcadia Developme nt of blue and green non-motorized transportation tra ils. Bea r Lake Twp . Develop tra il systems t hroughout t he community and provide li nkages to regional trail systems. Onekama Bike/ hiking pathway/ trail pla n Joyfield Trails/ bri dge over Betsie River Cry~tal Lake Incorporate water quality and stor m water MDEQ BMP's into la nd use plan ning and zoning recesses . Develop a watershed plan, including management, committee and protection Honor Blaine Arcadia Manistee Twp . Page I 3 Develop a Watershed Plan. I Encourage buffers around lakes & streams Shared Priorities 06.27.2013 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 6 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 7 5.2 Volunteer card Lakes to Land RLC.:.10 AL INI II All Vl Name: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Address: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Sli, irf'd Prlorllk•s A Agriculture 8. Reduce Blight and Nuisance, Erm il: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ C. lmpro'-'3 (or,ynunication~ I am lntw.s!ld 1n waliin; on OM of tt- prioritia,: D. Ecooomic D<>Wk,pmoot E. Expand and l"l"o"" lnfra,tructure F. M-22 Scenic Highway G. Expand Racrootion and l~ra.... Facilitie, H. Spacial Regulation, / Zon ing Trail, Sy,tem, (Lend end Weter) J. Wotec Qua lily four sticker “dots” and asked to vote for the four topics they considered to be of the highest priority. As indicated by the table below, the topics that received the greatest number of votes were trail systems, infrastructure, and economic development. Each participant was also given a card with all ten of the priorities listed and asked to provide their names, contact information, and their top three choices of topics on which ••• Thank you! they would like to work. Based on that selection, they convened with other interested parties at the table marked with that topic’s letter for a discussion about that issue. In this way, the meeting both created a communication mechanism for future committee work and began to foster the relationships required to build it. In many ways, the Priority Sharing Meeting accomplished much of what was hoped would be done at the Convention of Communities by providing a forum to view and discuss the collaboration as a whole with fresh plans in hand, and by presenting the collaboration to a wider audience. Accordingly, later discussions among the Leadership began exploring the best format for the collaboration’s next steps with an eye toward turning the Convention of Communities into an event meant for a future purpose. 5.3 Regional Collective Priorities table REGIONAL COLLECTIVE PRIORITIES Priority Votes Trail Systems: Land and Water 31 Infrastructure: Expand and Improve 29 Economic development 28 Special Regulations / Zoning 25 Reduce Blight and Nuisances 23 Recreation: Expand Opportunities and Improve Facilities 19 Water Quality 16 Agriculture 15 M-22 Scenic Highway 9 Improve Communications 7 �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 9 Collaboration As the project’s focus began to shift from planning to implementation, it became clear that the structure of the collaboration may also need to adapt. Planning commissions are designated by Michigan law as the principal authors of a master plan, and so the candidates for members of a planning collaborative were relatively easy to identify. Implementation, on the other hand, is best practiced with all available hands. The preliminary work committees suggested at the Priority Sharing Meeting represented a possible pool of participants, but need a firmer formation and leadership. Items that rose to the top of the collaboration’s immediate needs included a new organizational structure to replace the one that had been guided by the project’s initial documents, the capacity to assume responsibility for that structure without the constant oversight of consultants, and partnerships with state agencies, foundations, and other entities who could assist with the implementation. An important step toward capacity building came with the training of 23 of the planning commissioners serving jurisdictions within the collaboration through the Michigan State University Extension Citizen Planner program. Those who took the class reported learning a great deal about planning in general and also had yet another opportunity to interact with other planning commissioners, sharing strategies and forming relationships. Being armed with knowledge is important, but putting that knowledge to use is what L2L is all about. With the master plans written, communities are faced with the charge of implementing them. After several meetings and discussions, a core group of Lakes to Land leaders with the help of Manistee Alliance for Economic Success recommended creation of a 501(c)(3) as the appropriate structure under which to organize the collaboration’s future efforts towards implementing the newly adopted master plans. Much of the work at developing this backbone entity is still being determined, but it is assured that the philosophy is based �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 1 0 on a community collective action model. communication were bandied about: process is waning to a narrow focus on The desire is to help communities Would it be better to have the agency adoption procedures, the collaborative collaborate and co-generate knowledge present all its options and then try to fit structure that produced an in order to achieve community change. one as closely as possible? Or should unprecedented nine coordinated plans, This organization would be a framework L2L representatives lay their case on the woven together with shared geography for cross sector implementation and table and ask the agency to design a and concerns, continues to hum with collaboration, providing a backbone procedure around it? Would it be better anticipation. Work has begun on of support services to L2L participants to talk to a number of partners at once launching a food innovation district, to help implement and achieve their to garner a “big-picture” discussion, designating an M-22 scenic byway, priorities and goals. The entity would or would one-on-one meetings and new protections for the Arcadia be a hub for a collective action model allow for more attention to detail? Lake watershed. With the assistance that would develop and “connect the Meetings have been held with regional of the Executive Office, a meeting dots” between public agency, private representatives from the Michigan has been held with State department foundation, academic and other resources Department of Natural Resources, leadership to review the process, and master plan priorities, including Michigan Department of Environmental results, and priorities of the L2L. In those involving multiple jurisdictions. Quality, and the Michigan Department addition, L2L is also on the agenda for The application and the October Annual supporting documentation Meeting of the “The master plan is not the most has been prepared and Council of Michigan the official filing with the Foundations. valuable thing that has come from Internal Revenue Service Foundations will is anticipated in 2014. learn about L2L and, this. Building relationships has more importantly, The implementation arm have an opportunity of the L2L Initiative is been the biggest value. The network to become part of also faced with a larger a collective action question centered on the is being built from the citizens up.” framework for involvement of partners. implementation. Many, such as the Michigan Another Department of Natural Resources, had of Agriculture and Rural Development, implementation grant opportunity is very clearly-outlined procedures for any and both the “backbone entity” and the being developed that would design a given community to request grant funds implementation partners are learning water and land trail system within the and other assistance, but no procedures together how to collaborate to fulfill region, connecting with trails outside at all to accommodate a request each others’ goals. This is a process that of the region and look at ways that L2L shared among many communities. This will no doubt continue into the future. participants can better manage and represented more of an opportunity than develop recreational assets. an insurmountable hurdle, especially At the time of this writing, the above given the gubernatorial administration’s mentioned questions continue to be a Even as these steps toward tangible overall emphasis on collaboration as topic of discussion and action among progress are underway, it is also evidenced by a complete restructuring the Leadership Team members, a roster appropriate to reflect on a passage of the state’s revenue sharing program that has swelled over the last two from the April 2014 minutes of the L2L to reward communities that could years to include the Little River Band of Leadership Team: “The master plan demonstrate wise use of resources Ottawa Indians as well as additional is not the most valuable thing that has through shared services. However, it planning commissioners and other come from this. Building relationships is always challenging to make broad officials who have taken an interest has been the biggest value. The changes to business-as-usual in a large in the project as it has grown. Even network is being built from the citizens bureaucracy, and several methods of as attention to the master planning up.” �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 1 1 5.4 Lakes to Land Master Plan covers Pl ... ~ES 10 ,A>-40 ~£G1Vl'.A eosontOn Tiownsh-.,pP · · - c 1-..1 fl Al - Land ~ -4. . ""_P..Ie ond i · , ,- �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 1 2 �BEAR LAKE TOWNSHIP 7771 LAKE STREET • BOX 187 , .BEAR LAKE, MICIBGAN 49614-0187 July a, 2014 Bear Lake Township Planning Commission Quarterly Meeting Public Hearing~Maste r Plan The meeting was called to order at 6:45 p . m. by Chair, Bill Ringel . Roll call was taken . PC members present: Bill Ringel, Cindy Zatarga, Floyd Bowling Jr., Janette May, and Kristie Harless . Also present, Corky Best, township supervisor. No others present. The pµblic heari ng was opened at 6:55 p.m . The master plan was discussed . Janette had reviewed the final copy of the plan, and noted that the changes recommended by the pla~ning commission had been done . We are going to ask that a photo of the township hall be added before the final printing if possible. There being no other questions or discussion, the public hearing was closed at 7 : 10 p . m. The minutes of· the quarterly meeting on April 8, 2014 were reviewed . Motion by Janette May, second by C~ndy Zatarga, to approve the minutes as printed . All voted in favor . Motion by Janette May, second by Cindy Zatarga, to approve the maste r plan as printed with the addition of a picture of the township hall if possible, and accept the 2014 master plan from Beckett and Raeder and forward to the Bear Lake Township Board for approval . Roll call vote: yeas, Janette May, Floyd Bowling Jr . , Cindy Zatarga, Bill Ringel, and Kristie Harless . Nays : none. Motion carried. Next we will be working on the wind ordinance, and our next quarterly meeting will be on Tuesday, October 14, 2014. There being no further business, meeting was adjourned at 7 : 55 p.m. by Chair, Bill Ringel. Respectfully submitted, ~~~~ Kristie Harless, secretary Bear Lake Township Planning Commission .; �BEAR LAKE TOWNSHIP COUNTY OF MANISTEE, MICHIGAN TOWNSHIP BOARD RESOLUTION RESOLUTION #i 01. r 1 6 . of 2014 TOWNSHIP BOARD RESOLUTION TO ADOPT BEAR LAKE TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN WHEREAS, the Michigan Planning Enabling Act (MPEA) authorizes the Planning Commission to prepare a Master Plan for the use, development, and preservation of all lands in the Townshi p; and WHEREAS, the Planning Commission prepared a master Plan and submitted the Plan to the Township Board for review and comment; and WHEREAS,. the plan was distributed for review to entities identified in the MPEA, and WHEREAS, the Planning Commission held a public hearing on July 8, 2014 to consider comment on the proposed Master Plan; and WHEREAS, the Planning Commission finds that the proposed Master Plan is desirable and proper, and furthers the use, preservation, development goals, and strategies of the Township; and WHEREAS, the Township Board also finds that the proposed Master Plan is desirable and proper, and furthers the use, preservation, development goals, and strategies of the Township; THEREFORE BE IT HEREBY RESOLVED AS FOLLOWS: ADOPTION OF THE BEAR LAKE TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN. The Township Board hereby approved and adopts the proposed Master Plan, including all of the chapters, figures, maps, and tables contained therein. Motion by: Seconded. by: BE:::?T M 8'{ I, the undersigned, the Clerk of the Township of Bear Lake, Manistee County, Michigan, do hereby certify that th~ foregoing i.s a true and complete copy of c';.ttain proceedings taken I.> the Bear Lake Township Board at its regular meeting held on __._ _,, I 2014 relative to adoption of the resolution therein set forth; that said meeting was conduct d and public notice of said meeting was given pursuant to and in compliance with the Open Meetings Act, being Act 267, Public Acts of Michigan, 1976, and that the minutes of said :zfil I(pl ~o l~ meeting were kept and will be made available a s ~ by sa: Dated: A~· ~ / 4 ~ lut/l2....J.,qjt14~-'--11---'~~f-----'-"--~,L_'- l- -/ ) Deanna Pattison, Bear Lake Towns~ip Clerk � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bear-Lake-Twp_Master-Plan_2014 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning Commission, Bear Lake Township, Manistee County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-09-06 Title A name given to the resource Bear Lake Township Master Plan Description An account of the resource The Bear Lake Township Master Plan was prepared by the township's Planning Commission and adopted on September 6, 2014. Subject The topic of the resource Master plan reports Bear Lake Township (Mich.) Manistee County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f9e05c6ff904f903668291e059cd61f9.pdf d6161b7e5fa16a4529245078f585f336 PDF Text Text Bear Lake Village Zoning Map Legend Highways Roads 1111 ROW CJ Parcels CJ Bear Lake ·-----, L____: Village Boundary Bear Lake Twp. Map created by the Manistee County Planning Dept. 7/17/2019 MAIN ST S S H OR E D R MAIN ST RUSSELL ST ST EUCLID ST E LAK P -~ y y 1 2 nt se se erla erla me ttle iple U iple U s Ov n Ov e s t t S l l io ia l Mu Mu usine otect ent n B ad Pr sid w o Re t llhe wn We Do 0 75 150 300 I ' STUART ST LYNN ST WISE ST SMITH ST MAPLE ST W ST ² 450 Feet 600 PLEASANT ST DR VIRGINIA ST HO S KI N Zoning Districts CODY ST r - L HOPKINS RD CHIPPEWA HW Y POTTER RD � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bear-Lake_Zoning-Map_2019 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Manistee County Planning Department, Manistee County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019-07-17 Title A name given to the resource Bear Lake Village Zoning Map Description An account of the resource The Bear Lake Village Zoning Map was prepared by the Manistee County Planning Department on July 17, 2019. Subject The topic of the resource Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Bear Lake (Mich.) Bear Lake Township (Mich.) Manistee County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/7a041a78c67c053d931ad38deef76a70.jpg aebeb759350e2999504044c63824d884 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_H213-0008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967-08-15 Title A name given to the resource Bear Mountain Inn, Rockland County, NY Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of an exterior side view of Bear Mountain Inn, located in the Bear Mountain State Park and overlooking Hessian Lake within the Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area of New York. In the photograph, the 1915 stone-built property is nestled next to Bear Mountain within New York's Hudson Highlands mountain range. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Bear Mountain State Park (N.Y.) Hudson Highlands (N.Y.) Hudson River Valley (N.Y. and N.J.) Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area (Firm) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/7ea1f487cd559642e3958c17b3609bf3.mp4 703c878ee0e4b709211271773238748a https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ff3c1034cea66de9280693cd75d9d9d0.pdf 1c6b14d333a7ea7b48b11f46301ea107 PDF Text Text GrandValleyStateUniversity Veteran’s History Project Operation Enduring Freedom Eric Beard Interview Total Time:  (00:30) Born on May 8th, 1979 in LansingMichigan  (00:56) Was an athlete in high school  (1:08) Graduated from Western Michigan University o Joined military afterwards to pay for student loans and save money for graduate school  (1:25) Mr. Beard’s father served in the National Guard, also had some uncles who served  (2:00) Before that, joining the army was never something he thought about  (2:25) He was stationed in New York, there was lots of training in the woods o At the time, they didn’t know if they were going to Iraq or Afghanistan o Prepared them for both settings  (3:00) Also did training in Ft. PolkLouisiana  (3:19) Mr. Beard’s job was Forward Artillery Observer o Learned how to call for more fire  (3:44) Says that basic training did a great job at getting people in shape o Says that when you’re overseas, there is so much work to do that sometimes people don’t realize if they’re tired or hungry, etc. o Lost 20 pounds overseas  (4:15) Served at Ft. DrumNew York o It was cold there o Also did a tour in Afghanistan  (4:30) It was 2003 when Mr. Beard went to Afghanistan �o At first, it was “seek and destroy,” o Did patrols to keep the Taliban and Al Qaeda away from the villages so they could set up their own government o Took supplies to villages, paid for wells to be dug  (5:13) Went on 1-3 patrols a day o Could last an hour to three days o Remembers working 40 + hours straight o Didn’t see a lot of action o Says the Afghan people were trustworthy and nice o Some people did have ties to the Taliban and Al Qaeda and they figured this out after a while  (6:03) It was difficult to communicate with family back home when overseas o There was a small outpost on the Pakistani border o Remembers calling his fiancé at the time o Received care packages   Companies, random people and families  They couldn’t use all of it, so they gave it to local people (7:15) Had 4 days of R&R o Says that he really didn’t want to be there; wanted to be with the rest of his unit o Drank nonalcoholic beer that was brought to them o Ate a goat one day  (8:30) Became close with the men he served with o Says they were fortunate not to have anyone die in their unit o Once they went back to the states, it became hard to stay in touch  (9:09) Remembers getting chased by a herd of camels when they were in a valley  (10:30) Met Lara Logan and Geraldo Rivera o When they were taking them somewhere, they hit a land mine o The 2nd vehicle in line hit it, but it was a smaller rocket �  Tore off a wheel, tipped on the side but everyone was okay (12:27) Says an area he was in was governed by tribal people; warlords, etc. o Was hard to tell who was good or bad o They were in one of their houses one morning, they seemed to be building a good relationship w/them o Came back at dusk and the people who they had tea with in the morning ambushed them  (13:26) Went back to the base on New Year’s Eve o They went back and arrested every male in the village  (13:45) Says he didn’t care about medals, etc., was in the military for three years o The one he did keep was from Colonel Garrett, given by a team leader in the army o The team leader went back to Afghanistan in 2006 and was killed trying to save one of the guys in his unit  (14:59) It was easy to readjust to civilian life in some ways, but in others, it wasn’t o Felt invincible; got a lot of attention o Had a bit of shell shock o Felt weird not to be carrying a gun all the time o Went back to normal in 1-2 years  (16:00) Currently works for GE, who is a company that supports veterans o A few years ago he was part of a VFW � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BeardE1199V Title A name given to the resource Beard, Eric (Interview outline and video), 2011 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beard, Eric Description An account of the resource Eric Beard is from Lansing, Michigan. He enlisted in the Army after college and trained in Ft. Drum and Ft. Polk, and spent time in Ft. Drum before going overseas. He served as an E4 in Afghanistan for 10 months. He and his unit patrolled villages and made sure the Taliban and Al Qaeda did not interfere with the Afghanis setting up their own government. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Thelen, Hannah (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings United States. Army Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011-05-20 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives