69 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b7d0c6675b77625985ba6f041d71e276.pdf 934524a445d56c645d7c04c912156b92 PDF Text Text Young Lords In Lincoln Park Interviewee(s): Sijisfredo Avilés Interviewer(s): José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez Location: Grand Valley State University Special Collections Date: 3/1/2012 Biography and Description English Sijisfredo Avilés is the first Puerto Rican in Chicago to publicly oppose the Vietnam War draft during the middle 1960s. He quietly served three years in jail for refusing induction in 1968 and later and became a member of the Communist Party USA. Born in Puerto Rico, Mr. Avilés’s family moved to Chicago in the early 1950s, settling around Chicago Avenue and Noble Avenue, just west of Ogden Avenue and downtown. Mr. Avilés has been a lifelong advocate for the poor, Latino self-determination, and human rights. He has been a member of the Latin American Defense Organization (LADO), the Puerto Rican Socialist Party of Chicago (PSP), and the Segundo Ruiz Belvis Cultural Center in Chicago. All of these groups worked closely with the Young Lords. Spanish Sijisfredo Avilés es el primer Puertorriqueño en Chicago que públicamente opongo el recluto para la guerra de Vietnam en los 1960s. Silenciamiento sirvió 3 años en la cárcel por rechazar inducción en 1968 y mas tarde se hizo mimbré del parte comunista en USA. Nacido en Puerto rico, La familia de Avilés so movió a Chicago en los 1950s, estabilizándose en Chicago Avenue y Noble Avenue, que esta oeste de Ogden Avenue y el centro. Señor Avilés a soportado los pobres, los Latino auto determinados y los derechos humanos. Avilés ha sido un miembro de Latín American Defense Organization (LADO), el �Puerto Rican Socialist Party of Chicago (PSP), y el Segundo Ruiz Belvis Cultural Center en Chicago. Todos estos grupos han trabajado juntos con los Young Lords. �Transcripts JOSE JIMINEZ: Anytime you want. It’s rolling, so anytime you want. SIJISFREDO AVILES: Let me take some deep breaths. JJ: You can take some deep breaths. No problem. SA: Okay, I’m ready. JJ: So if you can tell me what your name is, what you’re doing now, and then we will start backwards and (inaudible). SA: Okay. This will be in English, right? JJ: Yeah, it’s better English, because (inaudible). SA: Okay. Sijisfredo Avilés. JJ: Could you (inaudible) [sorry?]. SA: Okay. I was born in Moca, Puerto Rico in 1941. I’m sorry, 1942. February 13, 1942. And I came to Chicago in 1951. One of the things about this trip was that it was my mother and my brother’s sister, my aunt, my grandparents, we all came together [00:01:00] to Chicago because at that time, my father asked my mother to come in, and then my father was very close to my smallest brother. So he says, “If he goes, I’m going with you.” And then he had his son, my grandfather’s son, or my uncle who also live in Chicago. So we came here, and I remember that the first place we lived in was a hotel on Halsted and Grand owned by a couple of Japanese people. And basically, there was a little Puerto Rican community at that time over there because I think the people moved there because there was a store called [Sam Wise?] Grocery Store. This is a Jewish 1 �per son. And all Puerto Ricans went to the store to buy arroz con gandule, all the Puerto Rican products, the fruits that we eat. So that was our focus. And [00:02:00] I lived there a number of years until we moved to Racine and Chicago Avenue. And the building doesn’t exist because it was torn to build the Kennedy -- no, the Kennedy Expressway. Oh, whatever it is. It’s one of those expressway that runs the 94. And I went to grammar school. JJ: So this was before the Kennedy was there, the Dan Ryan Kennedy? SA: Yeah. JJ: Now was the Cabrini-Green Housing Project, were they up when you came in? SA: I was a little kid, so I don’t know. I was ten years old. JJ: But you know that there was a Puerto Rican community? SA: There was a Puerto Rican community because I saw it every time we went to the store, and I thought that I knew my way. And then I went to the store and my uncle said, “Go to the store.” I got to the store, when I went home, I couldn’t remember which way to turn, so I ended up on Halsted here, the other [00:03:00] South Side (inaudible) to return. And then I said, “Oh, there’s the house.” And I made it back. But it was a small Puerto Rican community. The other Puerto Rican communities were on Madison and Ashland, around there. I knew about that. And then the one on Clark Street. But I had no contact with those community because like I said, I was a little kid wondering, what is going to be my life in this new country, where people spoke English and all that kind of stuff. JJ: Now, where is Moca in terms of Puerto Rico? Is that (inaudible)? 2 �SA: Moca is a little town on the west part of the island near Aguadilla, which used to be a big Air Force base. I think Air Force or Navy base for United States, not Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico is not a free country, but a colony of [00:04:00] United States, invaded by the US in 1898, where the main city, San Juan, was bombarded. People don’t know that. JJ: What do you mean it was bombarded? SA: They dropped bombs on San Juan. JJ: In 1898? SA: 1898. Yeah. JJ: So where did you go to school? SA: I went to a grammar school, Carpenter School on Racine and Erie. And there, I went to-- they closed that school because they had closed another school. JJ: How was that school? What do you remember? SA: Well, let me explain. First of all, there was a school near Sam Wise store, near there, and it was mostly a Black school. So they, the city, decided to tear that school up and move everybody from that school to Carpenter School. [00:05:00] And Carpenter School was mostly at that moment, as I can recollect, pretty much mixed. But primarily, many Italian immigrants and Polish immigrants went to the school, and we, Puerto Rican were just a tiny minority at that time. Then when that school closed, a number of years later, because it was rebuilt, we were sent to Motley School on Chicago Avenue and Throop. I went to Wells High School. I graduated from there. I was number three. In terms of class standing, I was number three. 3 �JJ: What year was this? You were about? SA: I think it was 1956 or something. I’m not sure. And then from there, I went to a community college on South Side [00:06:00] because my father worked most of his life at the cement company, US Steel, but their cement section in Buffington, Indiana. So he traveled all week, every day from Chicago, taking Route 41, all the way to Indiana. And he worked three shifts. One week, he worked from 8:00 to 12:00, 8:00 to 4:00, then four o’clock to 12:00, and then 12:00 to 7:00 or something like that. I never knew until big what kind of sacrifice he did to help us maintain a steady life, which is very unlike other people that I met who used to work in smaller factories in Chicago. And so I lived a pretty stable life. I didn’t know [00:07:00] extreme poverty. JJ: Now how many siblings? SA: We are five brothers and sister, actually, one sister and four brothers. I’m the oldest one. And when I came here, I was nine years old or eight years old. JJ: They all grew up here too? SA: All of us grew up here. But to us, I don’t know how or why, our culture was very important. So we all speak Spanish. My brothers, following my father’s footsteps, became musicians. My father was a guitar-- great guitar player. And he even built his own guitars in Chicago. There was a program where they showed him building on guitar on Channel 26 when it was a small station. And my brothers play in little [00:08:00] bands, salsa bands. One was La Mafia Band. JJ: What year was this? Do you remember (inaudible)? SA: I think it was like late ’50s. 4 �JJ: Late ’50s? SA: Maybe It was early ’60s. JJ: Early ’60s? SA: Yeah. JJ: So there was a group called La Mafia? SA: La Mafia, yes. They played salsa music. And my smaller brother liked to sing rock and roll song, but you know. JJ: Because actually, there’s several bands during that time they came around. (inaudible) SA: Well, that was a very, very young band. I know about the other salsa bands that were sponsored by (Spanish) [00:08:41]? JJ: (Spanish) [00:08:41]. SA: (Spanish) [00:08:41]. JJ: What about your mom? What did she do? SA: Oh, my mother worked here and there, but most of the time, she was a full-time mother. JJ: Full-time mother? SA: A strong woman. If she saw [00:09:01] someone-- something was wrong, she will fight a man, really. That was my mother. A strong woman who had a sense of what’s right and wrong. And I think I learned this from her because I say, “Why did you become involved parties?” I think it was my mother influence on standing up for what is right no matter what. Although she was not politically involved, but she had that sense. 5 �JJ: What do you mean? (inaudible). SA: Well, she was never involved in any political group. That’s what I mean. She might have voted in regular elections, and that’s it. JJ: But she would just talk to you about that? SA: Not per se. It was her actions. They say actions speak louder than words, but the fact that she stood for what is right had a great influence on [00:10:00] me and I think on my other brothers and sister. We were not religious except one person. My sister was the religious one in the family, went to church every Sunday, who joined the (Spanish) [00:10:18] St. Mary’s Daughters. So she was, you know. JJ: Now, do you know what church she joined? SA: Oh my God. Santa Maria Addolorata. JJ: Addolorata, and where would that -- ? SA: That would be on Ohio Street and near Racine. JJ: Near Racine? SA: Yeah. JJ: By Ogden there and all that intersection? SA: Correct. JJ: There was a (Spanish) [00:10:45] used to be over there. SA: I don’t know about (Spanish) [00:10:49]. JJ: They were kind of connected with the church there. So those are -- ? SA: Not the Catholic Church because we were Catholic, and Casa (Spanish) [00:10:56]. 6 �JJ: (Spanish) [00:10:57] is more Protestant. SA: It’s a Protestant church. [00:11:00] JJ: But at that time, they were a service center or something. They were connected- SA: Oh, maybe there was that thing. JJ: But I don’t know. (inaudible). So Santa? SA: Santa Maria Addolorata. JJ: Addolorata. (Spanish) [00:11:13]? SA: Yeah, (Spanish) [00:11:17] Maria. JJ: Los Caballeros de San Juan? SA: Yes, there was a Los Caballeros de San Juan. In fact, they were pretty active. For some time, they were very active. And a lot of things that happened in Chicago, among the Puerto Rican community’s sense of identity, as a community, came from the fact that there was such a group as the Los Caballeros de San Juan, where people got together, did social things. JJ: What kind of things did they do? SA: We celebrate usually religious holidays together, pray in Spanish, sponsor (Spanish) [00:11:54] de Maria. Sometimes they sponsor trips to different parts of the city. [00:12:00] And at that time, Los Caballeros de San Juan were very much trying, in trying to get the Puerto Ricans involved in political-like action. And that was under Cardinal Stritch. And when he saw this, he didn’t like it. So what he did, disbanded the Los Caballeros de San Juan. JJ: He disbanded them? 7 �SA: Oh, yeah. That’s what I think he did. Well, anyway, the Los Caballeros de San Juan were no longer meeting in churches. They were sort of like floated in and out. But the main leadership, the nuns and the priests were involved in this. He sent them to Panama because the archdiocese here has something in Panama. And that was the way he broke that potential organization. JJ: This was years later? SA: No, during that, about 1956. JJ: 1956? [00:13:00] SA: Around there. Yeah. JJ: So they were like the organization (inaudible)? SA: Yeah. In fact, they did something like the -- we formed a credit union. Caballeros de San Juan Credit Union. JJ: You said “we.” Were you part of this (inaudible)? SA: Well, I mean, as a community. JJ: As a community? SA: Yeah. That way, I was -- JJ: So the community felt connected to the Los Caballeros de San Juan? SA: That’s right. And it lasted to about -- JJ: It’s still there. It’s still here. SA: Well, but you see, it was taken over by Credit Union One because there were problems administering in the Credit Union. We had to have so much money in order to continue being a credit. So it was either that or close so Caballeros 8 �merged with Credit Union one, which is a nationwide credit union. And I’m still a member of that. JJ: So the Los Caballeros de San Juan [00:14:00] organized the (inaudible) de Maria? SA: Yeah. JJ: And so was it the same typical -- was it a? SA: It was a strict religious organization, but with the idea -- JJ: I mean would women have some form of liberation like you were talking about? SA: Well, I don’t think women, at that time, it was liberation to talk about women. Women did what they were expected, to be wives and clean the husband’s dirt in the house, and raise the children, and work outside of the house in order to make ends meet. But there was no question, no liberation theology of feminism at that time. No. Women did what was expected of them. JJ: But they participated in the church? SA: They participate in the church, very actively. Took leadership position in some activities that were done in the church. That’s because Puerto Rican men don’t go to church basically. [00:15:00] It’s mostly women who drag in their children. But they did have an influence. They organized baseball teams. So each church had its own baseball team in the Caballeros de San Juan, and they play against each other. JJ: Were a lot of people involved? 9 �SA: Yeah. I think there was the social active life of Puerto Ricans. But to be involved in Los Caballeros de San Juan or in the activities of Caballeros, like the baseball teams and stuff like that, and later become involved with the credit union. JJ: What do you remember, since this is about you, what do you remember when you were young growing up in that area? SA: Oh, I tell you my thing. I remember the racism that I encountered. We used to live on, like [00:16:00] I said before, on Racine and Chicago Avenue. And we live on a four-floor apartment building. And then behind us was the police station. And I didn’t know what it was. We used to call a spic. Eh, spic. JJ: Did the police say this? SA: The police were the ones who instigated this kind of thing. I don’t think we knew what a spic was, but they found out that that’s what speak was a term referred to Italians before. But since we speak English, like that, so they started calling us spics. And we, watching from our four-floor apartment porch, we saw what was going on in the cells. And I remember beatings that went on in the cells by the police. But one thing that really [00:17:00] got me was that one time, we were in the home and lightning hit the building. And the lightning went from the chimneys of the fourth floor and ended up on the first-floor apartment. But it was such a big mess. Everybody got scared. Everybody grabbed their children running out of the building, and the policemen were just standing there outside of the building, laughing at us. “Look at those Puerto Ricans.” Oh, I hated them. I hated them for that. Making fun of us and laughing. And we lived there until we moved to another place. And I think we moved out because of the possibility that the 10 �building will be torn down. And so the police station would be torn down for the expressway. JJ: Because I don’t recall that part, [00:18:00] so the expressway didn’t exist there. Was there a major road or something in there? SA: No, it was just like, “Tear all these buildings and make this highway.” If you take that highway going to the airport, you will see that it was residential area that was strictly torn down to build the highway. So a lot of people were moved out other homes for that purpose. The school, I don’t think there was much racism at all against Puerto Ricans, because we were a small minority or Mexicans. It was small, like I said it. JJ: And this was Wells? SA: No, this is Carpenter School. JJ: Carpenter School. SA: When we went to Wells High School, later when I graduated -- JJ: But Carpenter Elementary? SA: Yeah. JJ: And so you said there was only a small percentage of -- ? SA: Oh, very small. I remember there were four Latinos, basically Puerto Ricans. JJ: And what were the other populations? SA: Italians, Polish. JJ: Italian, Polish? SA: As I recollect, they were being Irish, but to us, anybody who was blonde, we used to call them Polish. 11 �JJ: So did you see the neighborhood change, or did you move before that? SA: I saw change. I saw a lot of Puerto Ricans moving into the area around this Carpenter School. JJ: Around what time was that about? What year is it? SA: 1958. 1959. JJ: 1958, 1959? SA: Yeah. JJ: So more Puerto Ricans were moving into the area. Were they coming from Puerto Rico or from other areas? SA: I think some of them were moving from Madison to [00:20:00] that area. JJ: From Madison to that area? SA: And perhaps some people were moving already from Clark too, to the area. JJ: So from Clark and Madison? SA: Yeah. I know one thing that there was a huge increase of Puerto Ricans that migrated to what’s called West Town Division Street. I mean, a huge number of Puerto Ricans. JJ: So before that, there weren’t any Puerto Ricans (inaudible)? SA: No, that I recall. JJ: So they (inaudible)? SA: Yeah, I think once the other areas were changed. JJ: So Clark and from Madison? SA: Yeah. There were still many Puerto Ricans coming from Puerto Rico in the ’50s. Some of them came because they were in the US Army during the Korean War. 12 �So when they came out, there’s no jobs in Puerto Rico, so they found ways of surviving in Chicago in the area. JJ: Now, some people came and [00:21:00] went to the country also. But your family came right to the Chicago area? SA: Let me tell you, my father came to the United States. The first place he lived was in Utah because there were the gold mines. So he went to work in the gold mine. JJ: What year was that? SA: 1950, probably. Or 1949. JJ: 1949? (inaudible). SA: So he went to Utah. And then from there -- JJ: And he stayed there a few years working in the gold mines? SA: Yes. Perhaps, he came to work in the tomato fields in the northeastern part of United States, New England area. Then he found work at Utah. And then from Utah, he moved to Chicago to work in the steel mills. JJ: Were there other family here already? SA: Well, there was my uncle and a few [00:22:00] young people at that time who all came basically at the same time to live in Chicago. And some of them ended up in (inaudible) because there was work at the steel mills. Some of them stayed with -- many of them moved back to Chicago, my father being one. My uncle also moved here. Two uncles because I have an uncle from my father’s side that my father sent to him -- he came here when he was eighteen or something like that. Was also a musician. I’m glad my parents were musician because that got us to love our music and our culture. They used to meet in my house and plays 13 �music and dance. So that was very important to us, to our family, conserving our Spanish tradition, Puerto Rican tradition. JJ: So what type of music? SA: [00:23:00] Oh, popular, mostly popular boleros, guarachas. Some country music, but during Christmas time, which is still the tradition to sing those kind of songs during Christmas time. So that was the (inaudible). JJ: So did he sing too? Was he a singer or just play together? SA: Oh, me? JJ: Your father. SA: My father played guitar, and so his brother played first guitar, and they used to sit down and sing. And then my uncle from my mother’s side, he thought he was a great singer, so they used to sing together with my other, his brother, singing popular songs of that era. Augustin Lara was Mexican composer. Rafael Hernández was very popular and favorite. Pedro Flores, El Quarteto Americano, [00:24:00] other the people who played music. So he played like (inaudible) music, some country-western, some country, Puerto Rican music. It was mostly the popular type music that you hear. JJ: So now, to what grade did you go to Carpenter? From what grade to what? SA: I graduated from eighth grade from Carpenter School. (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) Actually, I graduated from Motley because the last year, they closed Carpenter School to build a new building, to make a new building. (inaudible). So I graduated from Motley, who later became an all-(inaudible) girls school. And they said, “Oh, you went to Motley.” I used to kid and I went to an all-girls’ 14 �school. Then from there, I went to Wells High School. And I [00:25:00] spent four years at the Wells High School. At that time -JJ: Before that, now, you’re growing up in an era where the youth started getting into gangs, gang problems and that. Did you get in any (inaudible)? SA: At that time, there weren’t gangs. JJ: There weren’t any gangs? SA: Gangs came later, after I graduated from eighth grade. JJ: So we’re talking about the ’50s? SA: The late ’50s, yeah. JJ: The late ’50s, there were no Puerto Rican gangs? SA: No Puerto Rican gangs or something. Oh, there was a lot of animosity, though, let me tell you, between the Puerto Rican community and the Italian community on Halsted Street. Now, I know that because there was a building that was set on fire in that area. JJ: By who? SA: People think -- Puerto Rican think it was Italian. Some people think it just was an accident. We never know. But I know that it came out in the newspapers, and they [00:26:00] took this photograph of this young Puerto Rican who went up to save his little radio. And in the process, he fell and got killed. So there was a lot of -- JJ: And they think that the Italians might’ve started the (inaudible)? SA: Yeah, I mean, it’s not. Nobody ever really think. It was just the idea that, perhaps, they did. 15 �JJ: So there was some animosity, though? SA: There was some really animosity. Basically, it was the teenagers because we were competing for the girls. The Puerto Rican guys went after the Italian girls. And you see the result of this. You see in Chicago, lots of marriages between Puerto Ricans and Italian. Many, many. JJ: So this was before there were any Puerto Rican gangs there? SA: No. I think the gangs came -- JJ: Were there Italian gangs? SA: If there were Italian gangs, we didn’t know. I didn’t know. It wasn’t organized. JJ: You [00:27:00] didn’t know anything about gangs? SA: No. JJ: Did you ever join any gangs then, or your brothers or sisters or anybody? SA: I never had the misfortune of joining a gang. No. I was a good kid. JJ: No, that’s good. I’m not saying it’s bad. SA: My mother would have killed us. JJ: Just trying to figure out when the gangs came in. (inaudible). SA: Oh, the gangs came in later. We were not involved. I think some of my brothers and sisters were attacked by gangs. A little gang called Gaylords, which was basically Italian, who had accepted also a number of Mexican kids in their gang. And they went against Puerto Ricans because they said that Puerto Ricans and Blacks were always together. And the Mexicans thought they were white at that time, which is not true. But anyway, this was [00:28:00] the perception. So the 16 �gangs came later. I think it was probably, they started the first year of high school when I was there. But there wasn’t any gang activity. JJ: In the area around Chicago Avenue and in Ashland, I’m saying they began to go -- ? SA: No. Or at Wells High School, either. JJ: But I’m saying they began to go after (inaudible). SA: In fact, I remember my gym teacher -- JJ: Oh, no (inaudible). (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) SA: My gym teacher. JJ: Again, it’s at Wells? SA: He said that Wells High School was very calm because there were no fights between Puerto Ricans and other groups. He said the biggest fights occurred before we Puerto Ricans came to this area, when Italians and Polish had huge riots at Wells High School. He said, I don’t know what people complaining. This campus is calm now. JJ: So they’re saying it was calm because [00:29:00] there were Puerto Ricans there? SA: Well, it was calm because there was no gang activity. JJ: No gang. No gang activity. SA: Nobody was against any other group. Overtly, physically. There might be some comments or something, but no, nothing like that. 17 �JJ: So how was your high school years at Wells? Did you complete all four years there? SA: Like I said, I completed my four years. I was number three, student number three in the standings of the whole school. JJ: So was it just normal or not normal? SA: Well, I was a homebody. I went from school to my house and read and listened to the novellas with my grandfather. Regular soap operas. My father was one of those people who loved soap operas. I think I took that. I think I have it from him. JJ: Actually, they like that in Puerto Rico. Every time I go, there was a lot of people into [00:30:00] soap operas. SA: Oh, yes. So from Chicago. JJ: From Chicago? SA: In Chicago. JJ: In Chicago. (inaudible) Oh, yeah. SA: Gang fights were not that big at all. There was the beginning, like Young Lords versus the Latin Kings and stuff like this. But this was the early years. I don’t think they were really -- JJ: No, but you were studious, right? You were studying at school. Were your brothers and sisters the same way? SA: The only brother that seemed to have some kind of a connection with friends that were not approved by my mother was my two smaller brothers because we were 18 �older than them, and we were almost grownups when we went to high school, and they were small. JJ: [00:31:00] Who were your friends? Were they Puerto Ricans or Americans? SA: Basically, our parents say, “You just visit your cousins, play around with your cousins. No friends in the house.” We live a very close, secure life, protective life, protected life. But I think unfortunately, one of my brothers did get involved with a little bit of a gang issue, but Mexican. He got involved with some use of drugs. JJ: Use of drugs. So it sounds like your mother was running the show or your father? SA: Oh both. It was a team. JJ: What do you mean by that? SA: Oh, they both expect us to do certain things. For example, my mother worked. [00:32:00] I was in charge because I was the oldest one. I had to make sure that dinner was started. I did the beans; my sister did the rice, all that kind of stuff. The meat, my mother did. But every one of us had something to do before my mother got there. We were expected to do homework. That kind of stuff. And so were my cousins. Since I was the oldest of the cousins, I was in charge of them, disciplining them. They all think I’m the oldest brother or something. So we were a very close family, mega family. My aunts, my cousins, we all live in this building. We had the whole fourth floor. JJ: And this was on Chicago Avenue? 19 �SA: Yeah. The whole fourth floor was our family: my aunts, my grandparents, my mother and father. There was no stranger [00:33:00] in that floor except us. The little village of Moca on the fourth floor. Then later on, more Puerto Ricans moving to this building. It was owned by the Wise brothers. The ones who owned that store that I told you. JJ: They owned the building and the store? So was the store there? SA: No, the store was on Milwaukee Avenue. JJ: Oh, so they owned the store and the building? SA: And the building that was just about a couple of blocks away from them. JJ: So they were all family. You don’t remember any other families that were there at that time? SA: Oh, yes, some people who live on the third floor, second floor. Remember I told you about the first floor when the lightning hit? We were friends to those people. And we felt so bad when this poor lady was cooking something. The food was all black with [00:34:00] soot that came down the chimney. There was no damage. But the thing I remember most about that was the fact, we were taught to believe that police were supposed to be respectful. And here they are laughing at us under this crisis saying, “Look at those Puerto Ricans. Ha ha ha ha ha.” I hated that time. The fact they called us spics and then the fact that they laughed. JJ: Were there any incidents, any other incidents that you recall in that neighborhood? Because that was the Gaylord neighborhood then. SA: No, I don’t think the Gaylords were very organized in that immediate community. JJ: Later on, that was their neighborhood gang. 20 �SA: Yeah, I know. JJ: So you’re graduating from Wells? SA: Correct. JJ: And then was you working anywhere at all? SA: Oh, my mother and father said, “You don’t work until you finish school.” JJ: [00:35:00] Well, your father had good income from the steel mill? SA: That’s right. So we never worked. JJ: Now, had your father gone to school? SA: My father went as far as high school, but my mother went in sixth grade. And that was because she was, like I said, she stood up for what she thought was right, and one teacher in Puerto Rico hit her, and she said, she told the teacher, “Wait until you have your own children, then you won’t want to spank me.” And she called her all the kinds of names. So they called my grandfather, and they say, “We don’t want your daughter in school.” There was no student rights, so she was dismissed from returning to school. So she never finished. But she used to read a lot, though. JJ: So now you’re graduating. You’re in Wells; you’re graduating. Where did you go after that? SA: Well, the last year, [00:36:00] my father and mother had moved to the South Side on 61st Street and Stony Island. There was a pretty good size Puerto Rican community there. So we moved to a building there. JJ: 61st Street and Stony Island? 21 �SA: Yeah, it was 63rd and -- Do you don’t remember that big church on the South Side that became the headquarters of the Blackstone Rangers or something? JJ: Right. I remember that. SA: Well, that’s what it -- JJ: That’s where it’s around Blackstone. That street. SA: But there were no Blackstones, because when we moved there, there were no gangs. JJ: No, the street. The street was called Blackstone. SA: No. JJ: Not that (inaudible)? SA: It was 63rd. And I think Woodland. I don’t know the name of it. I don’t recollect. JJ: Actually, the Caballeros de San Juan had their council (inaudible) in that area. SA: That’s right. JJ: Was that the same place. Was that the same church? SA: I think. What was the name of that? [00:37:00] Saint (inaudible) Church? I don’t know what the name was. JJ: I think that’s what it was. Caballeros de San Juan had a strong (inaudible). SA: Well, the Caballeros de San Juan were in many communities. So it was a disaster to the American community when Cardinal Stritch sent the leadership to Panama. JJ: And that was because they were getting out of hand or what were they doing? 22 �SA: Helping the Puerto Rican community, trying to awaken them to the fact of what the political system is and what are the [rights?]. He thought that was, you didn’t do that. You don’t question the city. JJ: They were questioning the city? SA: That’s right. And the laws. JJ: See, I thought that they were more conservative. SA: No, they were not conservative. I’m telling you, because of this radical Catholic group in [00:38:00] the Chicago area that stood for other things besides bridging. They actually went on and tried to help Puerto Ricans manage some of their political -- well, economic problems and difficulties when it came to housing or whatever. When there was a police problem, they came out and tried to help. Because there was already police insensitivities to Puerto Rican community. I don’t think it was police brutality yet. That came later. So we -- JJ: Insensitivity? SA: Insensitivity. Yeah. I mean, the same kind of insensitivity of the police laughing at us, but they never attack us or -- JJ: Verbal. A lot of verbal abuse? SA: That’s right. So then I moved to the South Side the last year. I decided -- JJ: What year was this that you moved, about? I’m just trying to get a -- SA: I think it was [00:39:00] like early ’60s. JJ: Early ’60s? SA: Yeah. JJ: So early ’60s, you were on 63rd Street? 23 �SA: Yeah. For my fourth year of high school. And I used to stay at my mother’s house. JJ: So you went to high school there? What school did you go there? SA: No, I went to Wells High School. But I continue going to Wells High while I live on the South Side on the weekends, because I stay over here with my grandmother and my aunt in front of St. Boniface Church. JJ: Okay. SA: So I traveled back and forth. JJ: Anything that you remember while you were in high school, and what do you remember? SA: Well, I remember fighting with an Italian kid and that really frightened me, because suddenly I realized that I was not fighting to fight and protect. I was fighting to kill somebody. [00:40:00] I remember hitting the kid in the stomach because I knew that was the big effect. Oh my God, I said, “This is it.” And the idea that I could kill somebody took over my life, really. JJ: Why were you so angry? What did he do to make you so angry? SA: We were playing soccer or something. Soccer. When you throw the ball and try to hit each other at the gym. JJ: Dodge ball. SA: Dodge ball. For some reason, he came up to me. That’s how I perceive it. He started fighting. I fought with him, and I remember he was trying to fight a little while. He wasn’t the expert fighter, nor was I, but I was fighting. I was thinking, I’m going hit him in the stomach. [laughs] And I say, “Oh my God, I’m capable of 24 �doing this kind of reasoning.” So I tried to stay away from difficult promise of fighting because suddenly, [00:41:00] so then I realized that I could be -- I was not fighting just to defend myself or to get rid of (inaudible) me. Well, anyway, it was young guys. JJ: You got really angry. You got really angry? SA: I wasn’t angry. That’s the whole thing. I was calculating. JJ: Calculating. SA: And that really frightened me. JJ: But you actually wanted to hurt him? (inaudible)? SA: Yes. I wanted to hit him in the stomach to kill him, because I told that if you hit him in the stomach -- JJ: You were how old? You were already a killer at what age? SA: Fifteen, sixteen? JJ: I’m just kidding. Just kidding. SA: But after that, I never had any encounter, any other fight. JJ: So basically, you didn’t get into a lot of fist fights? SA: No. I eventually kept to myself. I had some Puerto Rican friends, one or two of the other [00:42:00] white kids. JJ: And you said basically, because you were more studious and your family wanted to make sure that you went to school and right back home? SA: Yeah. JJ: Is that what kept you away from the gang? SA: That’s right. And they expected that from my brothers and sisters also. 25 �JJ: Except the younger ones started getting into trouble? SA: Yeah. I think at that time, the older ones were in high school. JJ: And you said also that had to do with that there weren’t that many Puerto Rican gangs that (inaudible). SA: No, there were really -- like I said -- JJ: When you were growing up. So when your younger brothers were growing up, there were gangs? SA: They were gangs. JJ: So that environment, violent? SA: It was beginning to change. JJ: It was beginning to change. Why do you think that was changing at that time? SA: I never really thought about why. I think it was because the number of Puerto Ricans was higher, and that also causes a lot of difficulty, when suddenly you’re not the majority in that area, and [00:43:00] you think that that area is mine by right. So that was it. JJ: So the neighborhood was changing. SA: The neighborhood began to change. JJ: And Puerto Ricans were just saying, “This is my neighborhood now.” And the other -- and I’m putting words (inaudible). SA: No, no, no. I don’t think there was overt saying, “This is my neighborhood.” We don’t want to. It’s just that -- JJ: There was (inaudible)? 26 �SA: It seemed like a natural growth without anybody planning this kind of activity later on. JJ: So there was no urban renewal? It was just natural? Natural change. But that natural change contributed to the gangs? SA: Yeah. JJ: Is that correct, or am I putting words in your mouth? SA: I think it has something to do with it, but I don’t think -- the gang situation at that time wasn’t that strong or open. JJ: So you were not working. [00:44:00] Now, you’re out of high school. And you’re going to college? SA: Yes. I found a job at the post office. JJ: You worked at the post office? What (inaudible)? SA: I was what they call a substitute clerk. JJ: That’s a pretty good job. Did you have any connections to get the job? SA: No. I just took a test and passed it, and you know. (inaudible) They gave me the job. It was like a part-time position to work at night, finishing all the sorting of mail or filling up trucks, whatever. We did everything. That’s what they call it substitute. Whatever they need, we went over there. And we got hours for eleven o’clock, 11:15 to 7:45 in the morning or something like that. Sometimes they only kept us four hours. But if there was too much work, then they asked us to stay until the following morning. JJ: You were still living in that same area, same neighborhood? 27 �SA: [00:45:00] I was living -- at that time, we had moved back to Chicago, North Side of Chicago. JJ: So you went from the South Side back to the -- ? SA: Yeah, we did because -- JJ: Back to Chicago Avenue? SA: Yeah, we did. But let me tell you one of the things that impressed me. When I was going to live on the weekdays in my neighborhood, I did encounter this whole question of racism against the Black community, because I remember a group of white people knocking at the door, our door and say, “Oh, we come here to let you know that the Blacks are moving in.” JJ: This was where? On the South Side or the North Side? SA: The South Side. Jefferson Park. The street was Jefferson. “The Blacks were moving in, and we’re creating a [00:46:00] welcoming reception committee.” That was one way of scaring people that the Blacks were coming in. And I said, “Oh no, we just fine.” We were not thinking of moving. But I remember coming one weekend, because this is the time when leases are due, right. I came in, and suddenly, the whole neighborhood had changed from white to Black. And what happened was the rents went up real high. The services that the buildings were receiving, like yard clean up, the cleaning of the hallways, all that stopped. But the prices went higher for the Blacks. So they were thinking already of urban renewal at least this company, McKey-Poague was the company. I remember that name. McKey-Poague. [00:47:00] JJ: McKey-Poague? 28 �SA: McKey-Poague, P-O-A-G-U-E. It was a big real estate company. They had control of these buildings. I don’t know if they own or whatever, but they were the ones who came out and -- JJ: Isn’t the University of Chicago there or something like that? SA: A little bit farther. JJ: What is it? SA: South. University of Chicago is 59th or something. This is 69th and Jeffrey. They came in when I went there on the weekend because Wells High School, the weekend to spend with my parents. I was shocked. Everybody in the community, except for my family and other two Latino families that stayed there, were all Black. It was overnight, I’m telling you. What is going on here? I didn’t realize what was going on. Then the rents went up. JJ: [00:48:00] And where were the Blacks coming from? Maybe they were being pushed into that area? SA: I think they were coming from University of Chicago. JJ: Oh, so (inaudible). SA: Because at that time, university was expanding. JJ: Expanding. And so the Black community from there was pushed into that area? SA: Right. They were welcomed by McKey-Poague, supposedly. They moved there. JJ: So you said there was some prejudice? What do you mean by that? SA: Well, I thought it was awkward that this neighborhood moved. Since I was in college, I knew something about racial stuff. And I said, “Oh my God.” So the neighborhood changed overnight. They would stay there-- a few months later, 29 �we moved back because the rent was just too high. So we decided to move back to the area on Chicago Avenue and Noble Street, in front of [00:49:00] the swimming pool there, and that’s where we lived until we grew up. JJ: So mostly, the Blacks who lived there was the area where you lived? SA: Chicago Avenue and Noble Street. Eckhart Park. JJ: Eckhart Park. SA: Eckhart Park was right in front of the house, from my house. So we lived there. We got married. My sisters and brothers got married there, and so on. JJ: So that was right in the middle between Clark and Division Street, that area, the Chicago Avenue and Division Street area and stuff? SA: So that area was pretty -- the Puerto Rican community, the Latino community was pretty big by then because we got rentals on Racine, on (inaudible) Street, [00:50:00] and all the streets in between. Throop, Elizabeth, were pretty much Latinized [sic]. JJ: That was like that connection between both those areas. SA: Pretty much that Latino. JJ: And Division Street, that area. SA: I never asked people if they came from Clark Avenue. Just -- JJ: No. You just didn’t know. SA: But that’s where they moved. JJ: People didn’t say it yet, but that’s where they moved into. SA: Right. 30 �JJ: I just only know from the research and stuff. But that community is old. The Noble, Madison Street (inaudible), definitely and older community in Chicago for Puerto Ricans. SA: That’s right. JJ: Also Italian. SA: When we moved there, it was not Puerto Rican. It was a lot of Polish. St. Boniface Church was a Polish church right there. But Santa Maria Addolorata, which is where they had (Spanish) [00:50:53] de Maria, which is on Ohio, near Racine there, that was Italian. [00:51:00] So these two communities for moving out of the city or whatever, moving farther north west. JJ: And the Puerto Ricans were moving in. SA: That’s right. JJ: Created some friction a little bit there. So now you’re in college. What college was that? SA: I went to Southeast Community College. JJ: Where’s that? SA: Oh my God, I think it was South Chicago Street? JJ: Was it South Chicago? SA: Yeah. JJ: So it’s not in Chicago, you said? SA: No, it’s in Chicago. But South Chicago. JJ: Hyde Park? SA: No. Farther. 31 �JJ: Farther, further south? SA: Southeast. JJ: Oh, the Southeast. Towards Hammond and stuff like that? SA: Well, Hammond, no. It was right in Chicago. JJ: 95th Street? SA: Yeah, around there. JJ: Around 95th and Commercial (inaudible)? SA: Commercial. I think the school was in Commercial. JJ: Was that? SA: Commercial? JJ: Actually, there were some Spanish people there. SA: Oh, yeah. [00:52:00] There were some Puerto Ricans living there. JJ: They had Puerto Ricans living there (inaudible). SA: But when I went to that community college, as I can recollect, I was the only Puerto Rican or Latino there. And I don’t remember. It was highly Jewish. JJ: (inaudible) neighborhood. They just didn’t have a lot of Puerto Ricans going to college at that time. SA: Yeah. JJ: Is that correct? Or am I incorrect? SA: Yeah. I don’t think we, very few families thought of their kids going to college at that time. There were a lot of Jewish. That used to be a Jewish community on Jeffrey/Jackson Park area, until the Blacks moved in that area, especially the huge chunk of people who moved. 32 �JJ: The Caballeros de San Juan played in Jackson Park for a while. They used to play softball, I think. SA: Well, yes. Part of the Caballeros de San Juan, like I told you, they organized baseball games and stuff like this. [00:53:00] So I was, as I recollect, I think I was the only Puerto Rican. There were a couple of Mexican American, but they came from the South Chicago area, who went to the community college. And I don’t think people knew Latinos or Puerto Ricans. They thought I was Jewish. What’s a Puerto Rican doing here? So I had friends. My friends there were Jewish and Black. JJ: In the college? SA: Yeah. JJ: And what were you studying at the time? SA: Oh, just the regular first two years of, you know. JJ: Core classes? SA: Yeah. Ended up with an AA degree. JJ: An AA degree? What is that? SA: AA. It’s like a two-year degree you get. JJ: Oh, an associate. [00:54:00] An associate? SA: Associate of Arts. Yeah, that’s what I got. JJ: But what major? What were you majoring in? Basic general? SA: Basic general because I was thinking of law. Actually, political education. I was really interested in political education (inaudible). JJ: What got you interested in political education? 33 �SA: Because I saw some group of people in the area of Ashland and Augusta, the Northwest Community Organization? And when there was that so-called Puerto Rican Riot. JJ: The NCO? SA: That’s right. NCO. I went out at my house, and we talk about it, and they were talking. JJ: So this was 1966? You’re talking about the Puerto Rican Riot of 1966? SA: Yeah. I came across that kind of activity. I got involved with [00:55:00] NCO. JJ: So the riot kind of affected your thinking? SA: Well, I was in the middle of the riot. I was caught in there. JJ: You can describe what riot? SA: I’ll tell you what, it was the most fearsome thing that I -- my brother and I were visiting a friend of ours on Division Street, and then we saw all these group of people coming, and the police. We actually asked the police to escort us out of the area. So I was interested in that kind of politics. JJ: What do you mean that kind of politics? SA: Community organizing, defending your rights, that kind of stuff. Because I have been exposed to the whole question of, to my own readings, to discussion with other people about the lack of rights that Puerto Rico had as a nation. JJ: Was it Wells School or at [00:56:00] the college? SA: No, this was in Wells High School. JJ: So you were in high school. SA: I became interested in that, and I became interested in knowing more about -- 34 �JJ: What year was this? What year? SA: Oh, you always (inaudible). JJ: This was before this riot, though, right? It was before ’66? SA: I was caught in the middle of the riots. JJ: So this was before the riot that you were interested in the politics? SA: Yeah. I was mostly interested in the whole question of Puerto Rican independence because I remember as a kid, in the 1950s, when Albizu Campos got his group of people together, and I was already living in Chicago. And I said, “Oh, wow, Puerto Ricans are fighting for something.” I was impressed by that. And I always admired Pedro Albizu Campo because I saw in him somebody who stood up for what he said was right and was able to put his life. JJ: So you’re talking about the Truman thing in 1953? SA: Yes. Right. JJ: 1953 when (inaudible)? [00:57:00] SA: I was already living in Chicago. Yes. I was living in Chicago, and as a young kid, I remember that. And I got so mad when Channel 7, Flynn, that was the guy who spent fifty years in the station as their main reporter, came out, and then he said, “Nice going, Puerto Ricans.” This is what happened. This is the story that he said, a comment that wasn’t written, “Nice going, Puerto Ricans.” And I was just doubly upset. I couldn’t stand that man ever since I heard him say that. So I was always interested in the question of Puerto Rican -- JJ: About how old were you that time -- about? SA: Perhaps eleven years old. 35 �JJ: So you were already eleven in 1953? SA: Yeah. I remember, and that had a whole impact on me. I don’t know why. JJ: You’re Puerto Rican, I mean, [00:58:00] it was a -- SA: Yeah, but, you know. So there were other many Puerto Ricans, and they were so embarrassed that the Puerto Ricans did that. And I felt proud that Albizu Campos did that. Just the opposite of those people in my community. And then I started reading about political situation in other countries. Later on, when I took history, a lot of history courses in high school, and I used to read about the Soviet Union. I remember a class where I was defending the right of the Soviets to defend their airspace when Eisenhower sent spy planes. And I remember that. I was arguing. I remember saying, “What about if the Russians sent their planes here to spy on United States?” I remember arguing [00:59:00] with the class and the teachers, and there were some visitors. And then they were trying to show (Spanish) [00:59:08] the kind of thing that is going on. I don’t think the visitors were expecting some kid to defend the Soviet Union’s right to shoot down a US plane because it was fighting over their airspace. So for some reason, I have become very much interested in politics. JJ: But this was you, not your father or mother? SA: Oh my God, I hate to say this, but my father always claimed to have been an admirer of Adolph Hitler. I said, “Oh my God, how can you say this?” I don’t know if he was doing it to spite me, but I just could never understand why a hardworking man like him [01:00:00] with a sense of justice, felt that way. My 36 �mother felt that I was a little bit crazy because of these thoughts that came to my mind. I remember when Governor Muñoz came to Chicago. JJ: Muñoz Marin? SA: Yeah, Muñoz Marin. JJ: Luis Muñoz Marin. SA: And I went, came visited the city of Chicago. And I remember going to the places hearing him talk. Anyway, I don’t understand how I became interested in this. I think some people are born with this idea. JJ: When you were in high school, did you join any organization or anything like that? SA: Spanish club, basically [01:01:00] because of culture kind of things. I think I -- JJ: Like social club? SA: We just met socially, to discuss. JJ: Because I know they had a lot of social clubs in the neighborhood. Were you in one of those? SA: No, it was a high school club. JJ: Oh, a high school club. SA: There were the -- JJ: Oh, like at (inaudible) or something like that? SA: (inaudible) didn’t exist yet. JJ: (inaudible). SA: (inaudible) came later, much later. But I did go to some of the groups that already existed, like El Congreso Puerto Rican. I remember going. 37 �JJ: What was that like? El Congreso Puerto Rican, that’s an important part of our history. SA: Well, it was a social club. It was a social club with emphasis on trying to get the different town clubs to come together and form an organization. JJ: So there was town clubs, different social clubs that -- SA: No, each town, might have [01:02:00] its own social club. JJ: In Chicago? SA: Like Moca. (Spanish) [01:02:02]. And then (Spanish) [01:02:11] tried to get all these clubs together. JJ: Puerto Rican Congress was it like (inaudible)? SA: That’s right. That’s what it’s called congress. JJ: An association of all these social clubs that existed within the Puerto Rican community? SA: Correct. So that was the attempt. JJ: Now, they were located at Larrabee and North Avenue in Lincoln Park? SA: I know at one time -- they moved quite a bit. I remember that one time, I had to take the Ogden bus down to North Avenue or something because that’s where -- JJ: That’s where they were located on Ogden and North Avenue? SA: Oh, but I remember going there. JJ: That’s Lincoln Park. SA: Yes. I remember going there. JJ: So you went to those activities. SA: Well, to all of them, but I knew about the thing. 38 �JJ: So what were some of the activities? What did they do? SA: Dominos was a huge way of meeting people. [01:03:00] So I went to the Domino tournaments. I went to the parties. They organized dances for Christmas and celebrations. At that time, I think they were trying to form the idea of having a Puerto Rican parade. JJ: I believe that’s who started the Puerto Rican parade. For them and Council Number Three. SA: Whatever. JJ: San Marcos. SA: But then I noticed one thing. JJ: So the Puerto Rican (inaudible), I believe, was elected there. SA: Oh, was it? I’m not sure. I wasn’t that involved, but I knew about them (inaudible). JJ: But there were activities like that (inaudible)? SA: Yeah. So I went to go there. I went over there. And since my brothers used to play or my -- JJ: So they played there too? SA: Well, just little bands, play anywhere. So whenever they called their services, they were there. So my father and [01:04:00] my uncle usually had some kind of musical group, especially my uncle, used to have trios. He usually ended up playing in all those places. JJ: And Puerto Rican Congress? SA: Puerto Rican didn’t have bars to go to. 39 �JJ: Oh, they didn’t have bars? SA: No. JJ: But they had the social clubs, weren’t they (inaudible)? SA: They had the social club. JJ: (inaudible) clubs and bars. SA: Oh, yeah. Well, they were clubs where they sold soda -- JJ: Beer. SA: Beer and rum. JJ: But they were more family oriented. SA: It was strictly family oriented. JJ: So actually, that was good (inaudible)? SA: It wasn’t like the (Spanish) [01:04:37] in the neighborhood where men, women, usually the prostitutes came around it. No, it was family oriented. And that’s where I came. But going back, I did become -- those were the reasons why I came interested in political situations. Then [01:05:00] after the riot, I saw this group, NCO, trying to organize the -- into some kind of organized group to defend our rights and the rights that we as Puerto Ricans have in this country, according to the Constitution. Now I’m adding this later on, but at that time, I just felt angry because -- and this offered a way of doing (inaudible) in the community. So we ended up doing, helping people with buildings, that was NCO. Going around asking people if they (inaudible) and trying to get the city involved, harassing the neighborhood, that kind of thing. JJ: (inaudible) any building problems in that (inaudible)? 40 �SA: Yeah. JJ: So you would go door to door or something like that? SA: Yeah, we went door to door and knocked on people. JJ: And they were located where? SA: NCO at that time was on Ashland Avenue. JJ: So not too far from where (inaudible) was? SA: I think close to Augusta. [01:06:00] I think they stayed there until they folded out as an organization. So I was interested in that. JJ: What about other groups that you were members of? SA: Well -- JJ: Or did they (inaudible)? SA: It was strictly NCO. JJ: It was strictly NCO? SA: Yeah. And then later, many years after, I was involved in organizing the Westtown Concerned Citizens Coalition, which we found. JJ: Before that, when did you -- didn’t you go to jail or something for (inaudible)? SA: That was many years before. JJ: When was that? And what year was that about? SA: Well, I was in junior college. It was the beginning of the Vietnam War. JJ: What year about? SA: 1960s, probably? JJ: Early 1960s? 41 �SA: Early ’50s. I don’t remember. To me, days are not that important. It’s actually, anyway. JJ: (inaudible). SA: But you always come back, “Well, what year?” [01:07:00] It was around the 1960s that I – JJ: You’ve (inaudible) the Vietnam War? SA: Yeah, Vietnam War. JJ: And were you working with any group at that time? Were you a member of any groups? SA: No, it was strictly an individual action that I took. JJ: An individual action? SA: Yeah. JJ: What was the action? SA: I just refused to go to Vietnam when I was drafted. JJ: So you were drafted, and you refused to go, but did someone support you, endorse you? SA: No. Wait a minute, let me -- no. I did it. And then I went out and searched for people who were involved I guess (inaudible) that war in Vietnam. So I came across a little group of college students called CADRE, Chicago Area Draft Resisters. JJ: But hold on, if you can hold on. Chicago Area Draft Resisters, you mean to tell me that without any backup or anything like that -- SA: I made a decision that I was not -- 42 �JJ: You made a decision on your own crazy self -- ? SA: That I was not going to serve United States. JJ: Your own crazy self that you were not going to serve in the United States Army? SA: This is my reasoning. [01:08:00] I don’t want Vietnam to go to what my people have gone through in Puerto Rico when the United States took over. That was my reason. I’m not going to help United States -- JJ: So you got (Spanish) [01:08:10]? SA: Yes. JJ: In your mind? SA: In my mind, I was independent. JJ: You were already just happy that, about the attack on Blair House and Albizu Campos and that. So in your head you (inaudible). SA: I had the feelings towards (inaudible) and independent and that we were a Latino country. JJ: And that Puerto Rico was a nation. SA: That’s right. JJ: So you were already feeling that already? SA: I always felt that. Like I said, since I was eleven years old, whatever. JJ: That’s what I can see. So you weren’t actually that crazy. You already -- SA: I was following my own ideas. Political -- JJ: Your own idealism. SA: Yeah. So then I heard about this group -- JJ: But you went on your own. 43 �SA: I went on my own and then -- JJ: With no backup or anything. And basically, what did you do and then what happened? SA: When they called me, I said, “No.” JJ: And then what happened? SA: Well, [01:09:00] they threatened me, blah, blah, blah. JJ: They sent letters? SA: They said, the process was, they send you a letter. “Welcome. You have been selected to join the US Army. [laughs] Please report on this date.” And I say, “I’m not going to go.” JJ: So you didn’t report, or did you call them? SA: No, I went. I said I’m going to -- JJ: Oh, you went there? SA: I went there, and I said, “No.” When they asked, you said no. Are you sure you know what you did? No. You’re going to end up in prison, blah, blah. No, no, no, no. JJ: Did they arrest you right there? SA: No, they didn’t arrest me there. They just sent me home. And then a couple of weeks later, I got a letter to report to court. But I heard about the CADRE, the Chicago Area Draft Resisters. JJ: So you reported to court. What court? And where did you go? SA: To the federal building in Chicago. JJ: So you reported to the federal court in Chicago? 44 �SA: Right. Because (inaudible). JJ: Were you arrested there? [01:10:00] SA: I spent one day in jail until they did a trial on me. JJ: In one day, or you got bonded out? SA: I went out on my own. JJ: Recognizance? SA: Recognizance. And then I went home. JJ: And then a few weeks later, you went to court? SA: Yeah. Well maybe a couple of months later. A week. JJ: And so you still hadn’t changed your mind? SA: No, I haven’t changed my mind. But let me tell you, I learned about the Chicago Area Draft Resisters. I went for help and we got together. Then I got to meet the American Friends Service Committee. And I said, to please my mother, I tried to get a -- what you call it, conscientious objection, which I knew I was not going to get anyway, because I knew that after reading that for political reasons they wouldn’t give conscientious objection. Basically, it was for religious purposes. But I went anyway to please my mother, appease her. But no. JJ: Because your mother didn’t want you to go to jail? SA: No. I think no. My mother never. [01:11:00] JJ: She basically said, “This is (inaudible).” SA: And my father didn’t want me to go either. JJ: And you had never been in any trouble before? 45 �SA: Never. So I went, and I got to meet Chicago Area Draft Resisters, and then I began to participate in many activities. JJ: This was before you went to court? SA: Yeah. Against the war. And I met some great people who were involved in all kinds of social -- activities for change. The anti-war people I met at the -- JJ: Were there any other Puerto Ricans in Chicago that had refused to go? SA: As far as I know, I was the first one, and I came out on the picture. JJ: (inaudible). SA: Let me see. They took a picture of me when I went to a community hearing to declare my -- reported it at an organization. I don’t remember the organization, if it was NCO or what. [01:12:00] That little mag, Black Jet, came to this thing and they took my picture. JJ: And that was it? That (inaudible)? SA: Black Jet. JJ: So you came out in Black Jet? (inaudible). SA: So when I went to prison, “Oh, here’s the guy that was in the -- ” JJ: So you went to prison via the Black Jet? SA: Some (inaudible) Black guy has a copy of the Jet magazine where my picture is there, and I’m pointing out to the statistics of Latinos versus -- JJ: So you went to federal prison then? SA: Yeah. Because refusing to be drafted is a federal offense. So you had to go to a federal offender (inaudible). I was sent out to Southern Illinois. Let me see. Oh 46 �my God. Sometimes I erase from my mind back in my place. I went to the prison. JJ: Marion is in -- SA: Marion, [01:13:00] thank you. I went to Marion. They put me in the trustee prison. I forgot what they call those people. JJ: Trustee. Because it was the first time (inaudible). SA: Right. And then I was surprised to have seen so many -- all the people who have refused to draft before religious people. JJ: How much time where you given? How much sentence? SA: I was sentenced three years. JJ: Three years? So how many months did you do on three years? SA: I spent two years. JJ: (inaudible). SA: And then the last year was on recognizance. JJ: Like on parole. SA: Right. On parole as in probation. So I was probation one year. JJ: So now you are going to jail for the very first time in your life, and you never did anything. SA: I did one thing. JJ: How did you feel? SA: I thought I was going to be put wearing those stripe things like you see in the movies. This is how naive I was. That I had a chain with a big ball dragging. 47 �[01:14:00] It wasn’t that at all. Then they put me for a couple of weeks in isolation to acclimatize me to the rules of the prison. JJ: But by that time, you’ve gotten some support from this Chicago Area Draft Resisters? SA: Yeah. JJ: So when you felt a little at least you had somebody there (inaudible)? SA: They came out to my trial. JJ: So that gave you a little bit morale or something like that? SA: Yeah. And there was support from people from AFSC, American Friends Service Committee. One of the ministers came and visited me and all that kind of stuff. JJ: And at that time -- SA: In fact, Greg-- the committee -- Gregory, Dick Gregory. JJ: Dick Gregory. SA: Came to my house and talked to my mother and father about what a great thing I have done. It feels (inaudible) to go in. Dick Gregory went to my house. [01:15:00] I didn’t even know that until I came out of prison that he had talked to my mother and to my father. JJ: Because that was way before the Young Lords started as a political group and we were a gang at that time. SA: Really? When Dick Gregory -- JJ: Right, because later on, we started in ’68, in September of ’68, and that was way before that. But we did hear about you at that time. (inaudible). 48 �SA: Well, like I said, I was in the newspaper, whatever it was, in a Black magazine, Black Jet. I didn’t know I was making such an impact. And this is where LADO came in. JJ: And LADO is how we heard about you (inaudible). SA: Well, because I was -- JJ: Because we started working with Latin American Defense Organization. SA: I started working with LADO and the whole question of peace. JJ: What happened? While you’re in jail, what are you doing? Are you reading? SA: I’m reading, basically, poetry, writing stuff, [01:16:00] putting songs together. JJ: Were you into poetry? Is that why you were reading poetry or just (inaudible)? SA: I loved poetry all the time. Even when I was going to community college and when I was going to Roosevelt University, the idea of reading poetry always fascinated me. Reading Spanish stories and Spanish books and all that (Spanish) [01:16:23]. All that thing always attracted, culture. JJ: So you came out of jail. Did you have any -- I mean, you’re in jail. I know it’s a federal penitentiary, it’s not a state prison. And those are supposed to be a little bit more easier they say than the state prison. SA: Well, yes. JJ: Did you have a hard time? SA: No, I never had any hard time. I had some -- JJ: Challenges. SA: Big challenges. I think it was basically to see how far I would stand for myself. JJ: People do that in jail. 49 �SA: Yeah. I know a group of people try to [01:17:00] make me have sex with them. When I said, “No, you better kill me.” And they just back away. And then I practice some psychology recently, say “You do this.” (inaudible) this guy believe in basically, “You do this, you kill me, but I won’t let you sleep or leave you in peace because I’ll haunt you for the rest of your life.” And he was terrified. He let me alone. Then everybody -- JJ: But usually there’s other Puerto Ricans there too? SA: No, there weren’t many. No. JJ: In federal, yeah. They don’t send them to federal yet. SA: No. Puerto Ricans were not -- JJ: It’s a luxury. So they don’t send -- SA: Puerto Ricans were not there. The only large group of people who were not criminals were the Jehovah Witnesses because they refused to go into the -- JJ: So you had some other people that refused also? SA: Yeah, there were a lot of them. JJ: A lot of them? SA: Jehovah Witnesses, large numbers of them, [01:18:00] thirty to forty or more who refused to go because it was against their religion because they all claim to be ministers, and they felt that since they were ministers, they should get an exemption. JJ: Did you make friends with them? SA: Oh, yeah. I made some friends. I think they felt that, “Why don’t you join us?” JJ: They’re saying (inaudible). 50 �SA: Yeah, they thought I was true to my word. And they felt this is the kind of people we need in Jehovah Witnesses. They wanted me to join their group. JJ: How did your mom and dad feel that when you were in there? SA: Oh, they came to visit me. Even my father who was against the whole idea came to visit with (inaudible). JJ: Because they were proud, no, that you were taking an action? SA: My mother supported me, my father, but I don’t think they were proud. They thought I was crazy. Let me tell you. When I said [01:19:00] that I had said no, I remember my mother going to an tirade. She took all the books and threw it on the floor. “This is what books have done to you. They made you crazy.” Then she threw all the books and she said, “I want to burn them. I want to burn them.” That was my mother screaming. Upset what I had done. JJ: You never did give your mom and dad’s name. SA: Oh, my father’s name is Domingo [Aviles?] Aviles, and my mother’s name is (Spanish) [01:19:32]. JJ: Sorry about that. SA: My father was born in Moca, but a little barrio called (Spanish) [01:19:44] at that time. JJ: And your mom was from Moca also? SA: Yeah, she’s from the central part of Moca. JJ: Now, did you get a lot of visitors or a lot of letters or anything like that? SA: I got -- JJ: From your family? 51 �SA: My mother and father were the only ones who [01:20:00] showed up. I don’t even know if my sister visited. JJ: And then did you get letters from strangers or that (inaudible) supported (inaudible)? SA: Not many, but some friend wrote me all the time just because we had a crush on each other. And she was actively politically involved with American Friends Service Committee. And she went out with a group of people, burned the draft board, and then they said -- JJ: Can you explain? I heard about that. SA: And they said they took all the files. JJ: What was her name? SA: Linda Quint. JJ: Right. I heard that name, Linda. SA: Linda Quint. JJ: So she was the one that burned down the -- ? SA: She and a couple of Catholic prison nuns and some people went at night. You see, they had no security there. Right now, they would have been killed. They went in there and took out all the files out because she knew that my files were there and that (inaudible) service was (inaudible). JJ: So you actually were writing to her. She was your girlfriend at that time? [01:21:00] SA: Huh? JJ: She was your girlfriend at that time? You were writing her, or just a friend? 52 �SA: No, she just visited me. JJ: But she knew that your file was in there? SA: Probably, so. Anyway, so they went to that service board, took out all the files, made a bonfire in the yard, and then they stood around singing songs, and the police came and arrested them. JJ: But I heard they threw red paint or something like that, or to make it look like blood or something, or no? SA: I don’t know if they did. JJ: They just had a bonfire? SA: The only thing I know they burned the things. Then afterwards, they (inaudible), they didn’t stick around and get arrested. So some of them went to Canada, including my friend Linda. She went to Canada. JJ: She’s still alive? Did you see her? SA: I think she’s still alive, but I never heard from her after that. Never communicated with each other. JJ: But she had been visiting you when (inaudible)? SA: Oh, [01:22:00] she visited me with other people from AFSC. And there was a Reverend [Horton?], who came out and made it a point to visit all conscientious objection and people who objected to the war. JJ: Now, were you a member already of American Friends, or that came later? SA: No, I was already involved with American, not as a member, in their activities. JJ: In their activities. 53 �SA: I never joined formally the American Friends Service Committee, but I knew they were -- JJ: You were working with AFSC? SA: I knew them and respected them. Because they were the group that defied United States and took medical supplies to Vietnam at the threat of being fired upon by US Naval. They went that far. So I say this group has a history of defending what they considered right, because they were very much involved in the anti-slavery struggle. [01:23:00] So I knew that they were serious about what they thought was right and fighting for that, not just praying, but actually doing stuff. And I was not a member, but I did go there and used to get material translated into Spanish and pass them out. But I was not a member. There weren’t many Puerto Ricans there. JJ: In the jail in Marion? SA: No. No Puerto Ricans in Marion. Or many Puerto Ricans involved in the antiwar movement in Chicago. Yes. JJ: But you were the first draft resister. SA: That’s right. Like I said, I became, well-known in Chicago and in the Black community. But even Dick Gregory came to my house and visited my mother and father. I think Obed Lopez [Zacarias] had a lot to do with that when he came to my (inaudible). JJ: [01:24:00] Now, so you come out, at what year did you come out of the jail? SA: Oh my God. About 1985 or 1986. 54 �JJ: 1986? That was later. No. No, I mean that you came out of the jail for the drafts. I think it was in the ’60s. Well, I remember -- SA: No, it was ’64 when I graduated from college, Roosevelt. So I was in the 1960s that I came out of prison. JJ: That’s what I mean. It was the ’60s. SA: Not the ’80s. Did I say ’80s? Oh, please. No, no, that was the ’60s. It was 1960. I think it was 1965 or 1966. JJ: 1966? SA: Yes. JJ: Because you came out and you were in the riot. The riot came later, right? SA: Well, there were two riots. JJ: What’s the first riot? SA: [01:25:00] The first one is when I first was there as a young kid, and I asked the policeman to escort me out of this dangerous place on Division Street. Then the second one, I was -- JJ: Because I know there was a riot in North Avenue, but maybe (inaudible). SA: North Avenue? No. JJ: At St. Michaels. SA: No, I wasn’t aware of that. JJ: So there was another one in Division Street before that? SA: Yeah, 1966. Well, I think they approached me when they heard that I refuse induction. JJ: Is this Obed Lopez from -- ? 55 �SA: Obed Lopez from Latin American Development. JJ: Latin American Defense Organization? SA: Latin American Defense Organization. JJ: So they approached you, and did they go to see you in jail? SA: Oh, yes. We want to support you. They say yes. So we got together. JJ: They visited you in jail? SA: No, before that. Before I went to jail, they came out. And I became a [01:26:00] member of LADO supporting the whole idea of trying to develop a bigger conscience of the war in the Puerto Rican community. We used information from the American Friends Service Committee, so I used to go there to get ideas for leaflets. We used to print a newspaper. [Nuestro Pueblo?], I think it was, and I used to write for them. And from there, I used to visit other places in Chicago that dealt with the whole question of Latinos involving social service advocacy and civil rights issues. And Obed saw me there, he approached me and said, “Yes, I’ll work with your organization.” Voluntarily. Because people think you used the word work is that you’re paid. Actually, volunteers pay for volunteering. [01:27:00] That’s my experience. They don’t pay us what we pay to volunteer and work for those organizations. But anyway, so we did a lot of marches against the welfare department that did not want to have people who speak Spanish in the offices and things like that. And Obed, of course, used to get his head cracked once in a while by the police when they invaded social offices that dealt with welfare. And there was a group of women primarily who were involved in that organization. So that’s how, and then we worked together in that issue 56 �and other issues afterwards, after I came out of prison. I continued involvement with LADO, Latin American Defense Organization. JJ: You never went to jail after that or anything like that? SA: I went to jail once, but that was [01:28:00] when I was a member of the Westtown Concerned Citizens Coalition. I told you that was a group that grew out of NCO. We felt that we needed an organization strictly Puerto Rico or Latin American. And Peter Earl was an organizer for NCO, and Tyson to come and help us organize Westtown Concerned Citizens Coalition. Reverend Morales was an active member of the NCO. We attracted him, and we formed the Coalición Accion Latina. JJ: How was that kind structured? SA: Well, we structured that as a membership organization of other organizations. So I came there representing (Spanish) [01:28:46], and other people came representing other organizations in the Puerto Rican Latino community. [01:29:00] So it was a membership organization made up of members of different organizations. JJ: But not the organization, just members from each organization? SA: Yeah. But we did a lot of action as members of the coalition. JJ: So I understand they used the model of Saul Alinsky type of organization? SA: Well, yes. The people that we attracted were Saul Alinsky people, individuals who worked for NCO. JJ: So NCO was a Saul Alinsky type of -- ? SA: Yes, it was. 57 �JJ: And so you attracted those people into the Westtown Coalition, Concerned Citizens Coalition? SA: Correct. It was -- got funding to continue this organization. JJ: Now, they were pretty active for a number of years. Even after the ’60s, Young Lords, they were pretty active. SA: Yeah. Well, basically -- JJ: Did you know about the Young Lords at the time at all? SA: I knew about the Young Lords as soon as I got out of prison. JJ: [01:30:00] How did you learn about them? SA: Well, I read about you guys. JJ: In the jail or out here? SA: It was outside. It was pretty hard to get information because there was a lot of censorship of material that we could get. I knew about the Young Lords. JJ: So how did you feel about that group? SA: They were nationalists. JJ: (inaudible). SA: Yeah, I related them. JJ: (inaudible) from Puerto Rico. SA: And I was working for volunteering, and I didn’t even want to say working -- JJ: So how did you feel? SA: (inaudible). JJ: (inaudible) somebody else (inaudible)? 58 �SA: And then we felt, oh my God, we wish that the Latin Kings could do the same thing. And we opened a lot of offices for the Latin Kings. And soon, we found out that that was not going to work. JJ: [01:31:00] What do you mean? SA: I mean, we opened up things so they could get there and use the space, and then suddenly, we discovered they were sneaking in drugs. And one time, somebody overdosed, they had to take the person outside of the building to the back door. And we said, “This is not going to work.” So we separated it. JJ: So they didn’t stop their gang activity, or did they try? Were they trying? SA: I think they meant well, but I don’t think they really have an idea of really doing what the Young Lords were trying to do. They just talk about it. And we believed. JJ: You believed them? SA: Yeah. And we soon gave that idea up because it didn’t work. They were interested in other things. JJ: So you’re with the Westtown Concerned Citizens Coalition, and you’re working with the (inaudible) Cultural Center? SA: Ah-huh. JJ: And can you explain who they are? SA: [01:32:00] Well -- JJ: And how you got involved. SA: Well, I got involved because I was working for Aspira after I got out of prison as a educational counselor and club organizer. 59 �JJ: Now, you got paid for Aspira, though, did you? SA: No, Aspira was a paid job. And as Aspirante organizer, I went to different high schools throughout the city of Chicago, basically Gage High School? JJ: And the purpose was what? SA: Organize clubs to get people interested in education, getting a high school diploma and going on to college, and bringing in some of the cultural things that seemed to be so important in terms of Puerto Ricans, because there was no real attempt to educate us or ourselves on our [01:33:00] own history. We heard things like in the schools, Puerto Ricans have no history. I remember one person was working, who worked for one of the organizations, I don’t want to mention the name because it’s the husband of somebody who was a leader in one of those. And he argued with me. The Puerto Ricans had no history. And I didn’t even say, “You mean no history? Even a rock has a history.” And I felt that Puerto Ricans needed to know something about themselves in order to feel good about yourself, you have to know something about yourself because if all you hear that you’re just gang members, you’re here because you are too lazy to work. You come from the island to get welfare. That kind of lies. (inaudible) some of us actually believe that. They tell you something, you tend to believe that is true. [01:34:00] But then the people I saw around me, there were some people who live in welfare. But most Puerto Ricans had a job. A few of them did not, that’s true. But that doesn’t make the whole Puerto Rican community a welfare-dependent community. So we talk about those things, and we had cultural events at the schools in which we celebrated Puerto Rican days. In fact, 60 �one time, I went as far as pushing -- not pushing, but convincing our students to join a takeover of North Avenue Beach. It was a takeover, Puerto Rican takeover of North Avenue Beach. JJ: When was this? About when? SA: I think that was around early ’70s. JJ: Early ’70s? SA: Yeah. JJ: And why would they want it? I thought that was already a Puerto Rican area. North Avenue Beach. SA: Well, I don’t know. [01:35:00] But people went there. But we were going to claim North Avenue Beach a -- JJ: A Puerto Rican beach? SA: A piece of Puerto Rico. JJ: A piece of Puerto Rico? SA: So we went and convinced our students to get together, and we brought flags, and we rode in a U-Haul van. And we went over there, and we put the flags, “Lovely Puerto Rico,” blah, blah, blah. And then the FBI actually came out and was trying to find out why we were taking over the beach. It wasn’t like occupied Chicago now in this space, but it was something similar. JJ: What do you mean the FBI came out? How did you know that they were FBI? SA: Because they identified themselves. “Why were you doing this in the beach?” JJ: Were there a lot of people that came? 61 �SA: A lot of people were there because people who used the beaches. The students were very [01:36:00] happy and having a great time. JJ: You were in the Humboldt Park community. Why didn’t you go to Humboldt Park? SA: Because the students were not from Humboldt Park. This was a student from Gage Park High School. And this is what they related, North Avenue Beach, so that’s why we took over North Avenue Beach. JJ: Actually, there were Puerto Ricans going at that time to North Avenue Beach? SA: Yeah. JJ: A few. SA: From different parts of the city. JJ: But it used to be an Italian and Polish and German beach before that. When the Young Lords were gang, we remember us taking it over, but we didn’t do it that way. (inaudible) but there’s another. SA: We have fun here. JJ: So it was a good event and everybody came and (inaudible)? SA: Yeah. (inaudible). JJ: You were under surveillance? SA: Yeah, we were. JJ: One of the things that Westtown -- was it Westtown Concerned Citizens at all [01:37:00] involved in that -- ? 62 �SA: Well, we developed a housing organization called [CHECK?], a guy named [Bash Smith?], which later, this CHECK later developed into LUCHA, Latin United for whatever, something, which is still a housing organization that exists now. JJ: So what are some of the issues that you -- ? SA: We work on employment. I mean we did a whole bunch of marches and taking over lobbies of different post offices because we wanted the place opened to more Latino workers in the different post offices. Of course, a lot of educational stuff we did, including battles against principals who were racist and had a clear anti-Puerto Rican [01:38:00] agenda in the school. So we fought with that. In fact, Reverend Morales got arrested and beat up in one of those schools. JJ: Reverend Morales, Reverend Jose Morales? SA: Yeah, Reverend Morales. He was a great activist at that time. Jobs, I think for the post office. Education, primarily, issues. And housing were the three issues that we -- JJ: You also did police abuse also? No? SA: Well -- JJ: Not a lot? SA: I don’t think we dealt with that much. JJ: So jobs, housing, and education? SA: Yeah. Those were the three main areas of Westtown Concerned Citizen. JJ: Now, did you join any other organizations at that time while in the -- ? SA: Well, later on, [01:39:00] I became member -- not actually become a member of the PSP, but I was one of the travelers. 63 �JJ: What was PSP? SA: Huh? JJ: What’s PSP? SA: What do you mean? JJ: What did it stand for (inaudible)? SA: Puerto Rican Socialist Party. Puerto Rican Independent Socialist Party, something like that. I don’t know. JJ: (inaudible)? SA: PSP, Puerto Rican Socialist -- JJ: In Puerto Rico and it was here also? SA: Yeah, right. So I belonged to them. JJ: And that actually (inaudible)? SA: We did some marches. JJ: (inaudible) Movimiento Pro-Independencia in Puerto Rico? SA: It was here, became the Movimiento Pro-Independencia. But then later, they became -- JJ: The PSP? SA: PSP. But on the MPI, Movimiento Pro-Independencia, we participated in lot of political forums with other organizations. Some of these were left organizations from United States. JJ: Well, I remember the Young Lords were learning a lot from the Movimiento ProIndependencia in Puerto Rico. [01:40:00] (inaudible) started, that’s all we heard. So they were here. (inaudible). 64 �SA: We were bringing Mari Brás, all those people here to Chicago. JJ: They were pretty activists, pretty good activists. SA: And we participated also with coalitions in the area of education. We organized the people’s -- JJ: And this came later? SA: It was -- what is that? JJ: (inaudible)? SA: People part of the Puerto Rican Parade? Contingent. That’s the word we used. The Puerto Rican -- the Socialist Party Contingent of the (Spanish) [01:40:37] of the contingent of the Puerto Rican -- JJ: Puerto Rican Parade? SA: Parade. We marched with them. We had a lot of forums. We even visited churches. I remember (inaudible). (inaudible) was very active in that organization. Later became active in (inaudible). She wanted to address a group here, [01:41:00] Amigos de la Justicia Social, Friends of Social Justice. And it was a Protestant church. And when she said that, all the group of the (inaudible), said, “Amen.” And I said, “Oh my God.” This is when we were working against Plan 21. JJ: Plan 21, a lot of people, they’re hiding that. They don’t want to admit that, City Hall doesn’t want to admit that there was a Plan 21. But everywhere you go, people know that that existed. (inaudible). SA: Plan 21 was the Mayor Daley’s -- I think it was the old Mayor Daley. JJ: The old Mayor Daley? 65 �SA: The idea of separating or getting poor people out of the center of the city. Some of the plans were to make Milwaukee Avenue like a boulevard, with trees in the middle, blah, blah, blah, blah. Close that street for buses and move poor people away from the [01:42:00] center city, away from the -- where the El-lines. JJ: Subway (inaudible). SA: Yeah, the subways. Because it was an easy way to get downtown. And the idea was, “Let’s bring all these people who left the city back to Chicago and build the economic base for a new city for the 21st century.” JJ: So the people that went to the white flight, the white flight to the suburbs, they wanted to bring them back into the city? SA: That’s right. In order to build a strong economic base for the city. JJ: So that was (inaudible). SA: And bring all those people back here and build up a new community. JJ: Did they actually put this in their publicity? SA: Yes, there is that book. I used to have this book. I don’t know who might have it, but I bet there must be in some kind of archives, Plan 21. JJ: So you were fighting them (inaudible) lawsuit? SA: We’re fighting. We even joined other groups and sued the city. JJ: Tell [01:43:00] me about that. About the lawsuit that you did. SA: Well, we stopped for a moment the continuation of that plan. But the plan continued to evolve. And look, you see, this is the 21st century. What’s happened to the Puerto Rican and poor communities that lived in the areas of 66 �Milwaukee Avenue. The area is close to downtown. They’re well developed with condominiums and stuff like this. JJ: So even though there was a court ruling, they still continued? SA: They continued. They (inaudible), they continued. And it has built up to what the city is now, really. JJ: Because it’s expanded to the lakefront? SA: Gentrification. I think we call it now gentrification of Plan 21. But gentrification means removal of the Cabrini-Green homes. They have been removed. Removal of the other public housing in State Street. [01:44:00] They have been removed. And all those areas that were burned after the Martin Luther King murder, those areas have not been developed until now. They’re beginning to be developed into condominiums. Not for working class people, but for people who have wealth, or at least now the working poor. So that plan has been successful by the city of Chicago. JJ: And what were some of the neighborhoods that were destroyed there? SA: Wicker Park, Puerto Rican. JJ: Was primary Puerto Rican? SA: Bucktown. JJ: Bucktown was primary Puerto Rican? SA: Yeah. JJ: It was destroyed? SA: It’s beginning now in what we call Division Street. JJ: Humboldt Park. 67 �SA: Division Street, Humboldt Park. Just look down on the Ashland and -- JJ: What I [01:45:00] heard from -- SA: Ashland and Madison. JJ: Noble and Chicago Avenue. What about that area? SA: Well, that area was taken in consideration, but NCO had a settling plan because they built those co-ops. And we still have many Puerto Ricans and many primarily now African-American people living there. They didn’t turn out to be a white lily. JJ: So that area, there was (inaudible) some organizing then? SA: But now, some of the houses have become condominiums or mansions. JJ: Well, Cabrini-Green housing in -- SA: Cabrini-Green is completely gone now. JJ: So that was also right around here? SA: That was also plan of the 21. JJ: Chicago Plan 21. SA: To take all these poor people, move them out into the city, move them out of the city and bring the other people. JJ: And when you went to the Puerto Rican Congress, how does that area look? Lincoln Park? SA: That area, to me, they look -- [01:46:00] it wasn’t that Puerto Rican. At that time, it was pretty white. JJ: At that time? 68 �SA: Yeah. In fact, they move out almost like a year later from the area and came back to the Puerto Rican community in Humboldt Park, Westtown. JJ: Oh, yeah, those people got pushed out from that area, but it used to be Puerto Rican (inaudible). SA: But I remember that when I knew that they were going to be moving to Ogden, I found it strange because I didn’t see too many Puerto Rican life there. JJ: Because Ogden came from -- the Puerto Rican Congress was in Ogden in a sense. SA: They were not there that long. Many years. They move out almost immediately, about two years after they organized it. And I think they moved to North Avenue because -- JJ: It spread to North Avenue West. SA: Because that’s where the Puerto Rican Congress built the building. JJ: You’re talking about the Puerto Rican Congress? SA: Yeah. JJ: [01:47:00] They weren’t there that long. SA: Yeah. JJ: They started later. SA: That became actually Caribe Ruiz’s domain. JJ: (inaudible). SA: Who did a good thing in terms of the bands. JJ: Yeah, there was a big movement of the bands at that time (inaudible). SA: That’s right. The salsa bands. 69 �JJ: The Mafia, you said. Your group. (inaudible) SA: No, no, my brothers were not involved. JJ: They were earlier. SA: The bands were actually salsa band. They were not like conjuntos, which is different. They’re not band. They’re a group of people who play guitar, blah, blah, blah, blah, that kind of music. But the salsa bands were -- the salsa bands were trumpets, wind instruments, and percussion. The other group is Puerto Rican, like popular music, but the emphasis was on guitar playing and singing. [01:48:00] Okay, not salsa for dancing. I mean, not that the people didn’t dance the other thing. But it was not like a salsa craze that later developed into what people consider Puerto Rican. Although it’s not strictly Puerto Rican. It also has Cuban influences, but developed in New York City, among most Puerto Ricans who had a great part in developing that music. It’s in bands. JJ: (inaudible). SA: I could come here to talk until twelve o’clock. JJ: No, that’s fine. (inaudible). What are you doing more or less because you’ve been involved with Ruiz Belvis Cultural Center, and so what are you doing now? What are you doing today? SA: Well -- JJ: And this was back in the ’60s. SA: That’s right. When I continue working [01:49:00] Ruiz Belvis for years, because to me, culture was very important because it’s the roots of an identity that people live in order to feel strong and defend their personality and defend their 70 �idiosyncrasy as a Puerto Rican community. So I continue working along with Ruiz Belvis, which I’m still a board member now. And I had gone from president to secretary, treasurer to janitor. All the time, janitor, because we always -- the people who organize these groups and work for them had to keep the place clean because lack of funding. So I continue being that -- now I’m just a board member. JJ: Where are they located now? SA: They’re located now on a building that we acquired about four or five years ago near Pulaski and Armitage. JJ: Pulaski and Armitage. And so they’re involved in what? What are some of the groups that [01:50:00] play here (inaudible)? SA: Well, right now, we have changed a little bit of our agenda. We don’t do much bomba and plena because we felt that everybody’s doing bomba and plena now. But when we started that, many Puerto Rican community people felt that that was no Puerto Rican music. That was African music. And we are not African. We’re not Blacks, the idea. So this is not Puerto, this is African music, the bomba and plena. Now, all the -- JJ: Puerto Ricans are three races though, right? SA: Well, we are a mixed group of people. Spanish and other European because there were a lot of Italians who moved to Puerto Rico. French was the second language of Puerto Rico until 1898. Not English -- French. Italians and other people. You look at Puerto Rican’s last name. [01:51:00] There’s some Dutch names; there’s some German names. The Oppenheimers for example, how is 71 �that Puerto Rican? And Irish. A lot of Irish went to Puerto Rico. And then of course, Africans, origin people. And the Italian Indians were not all killed by the Spanish, as history tried to teach us. Actually, what happened is that the Puerto Rican Taínos moved to the central part of the island, and then they married Spanish, and they became the (Spanish) [01:51:40], really. So that’s why we still have like eighty percent of our county genes are Taíno. And the thing is, maybe if they were killed, it was basically the men because the hard work, the mines and stuff. But the women, [01:52:00] they just went to any part of the city, any part of the island, became Puerto Ricans. And now you still can see a lot of fragments of facial features that are Taíno. But they live in the central part of the island. And of course -JJ: Is this part of the (inaudible) do this history also? SA: We do the history, the classes on Spanish and history. But right now we’re doing a lot of events in the schools in which we’re bringing the whole salsa -- not the whole salsa, the question of African-oriented Puerto Rican music into the schools, with young kids. That’s our main focus now. (Spanish) [01:52:47] which was ours for many, many, many years, as all organizations, got into troubles, internal issues, they sort of like split. And that [01:53:00] one group, some of them continue to work with us, but some of them, they felt that would betray them. Those kinds of things just happen to many groups and organizations, especially cultural groups. They say cultural groups don’t last too long. And people were amazed that we were able to keep this group for twenty-five years or something like that. So I’m still involved in that. Now we do the celebration of 72 �the freedom of slavery in Puerto Rico, which is very important. People don’t know about the history of that in Puerto Rico. Even teachers, I was surprised one time I mentioned this. I was doing group (inaudible) came to the center. We discussed about the history, and one said, “Why do you have so many people here?” And I said, “No, there was no slaves in Puerto Rico.” He said, “What are you talking about?” [01:54:00] That’s why we celebrate the birth of Ruiz Belvis because we have Puerto Rican -- he was responsible for freeing the AfricanPuerto Ricans and other Caribbean Puerto Ricans from slavery. And she said, “Ah.” She went like that. She couldn’t believe that there were Puerto Ricans who were slaves. And this was a bilingual teacher. And I said, “What is this woman teaching Puerto Rican kids?” So we celebrate the freedom of AfricanPuerto Rican people by the Spanish in April, 1872. So we still have that program going on. But we bought a building, and it came [01:55:00] very difficult to rehab it because now with this situation, where are you going to get mortgages? Where are you going to get loans to fix a building? So we’re going through some difficulty, financial. And of course, with the opposition of where we were, we had to sell our building because one day, we woke up, there was no Puerto Rican community there. JJ: So you were in Wicker Park? SA: That’s right. There was no Puerto Rican community there. JJ: So you had this displaced. (inaudible) organization. SA: So we had to find another place. JJ: And you had been there for how many years before you got this place? 73 �SA: Thirty years. JJ: Thirty years? And then you got this place? SA: Yeah. So we continue working that, trying to get the members involved also in social issues. This is a new group of people who have no idea of the struggles that we went trying to get an organization like Ruiz Belvis. [01:56:00] They think Ruiz Belvis might be just singing thing. It’s not considered by many new people as a cornerstone of Puerto Rican identity and defense. And that’s what we used to involve ourselves in housing problem, work problem. Now they say, “Oh, we do this. You lose your 501(c)3.” I said, “Oh my God.” But anyway, most of our people are grown old. JJ: This is (inaudible) the new board? SA: This is the new young people who are interested. They’re slowly developing the sense of -- but it’s difficult. JJ: Anything you think that we need to add to close? Any message that you think we should tell our community? SA: We have to continue to fight for our identity and defend those things that make us who we are. A Puerto Rican nation closely tied to Latin America. [01:57:00] Many people think that we’re not Latin Americans, you know. And unfortunately, people in Latin America think that we are just Americans. They think that we have it so easy here because we are American citizens. And I just want to say, it doesn’t make a difference if you are a citizen or not. Just look at the AfricanAmericans. They’re citizens. What have they acquired? What they have acquired is going to struggle. What the Americans here have done is to struggle. 74 �A group -- people that doesn’t struggle for what they think is just is bound to die. And I don’t want our community to be considered one of those groups that came here and died up or disappeared within the mainstream of the United States. I think this is not a melting pot. This country is actually -- some people like to say a salad, different groups of people together, [01:58:00] but with their own idiosyncrasies, their own roots and their own ideas of who they are. And we also feel that as Puerto Ricans, we need to join the struggles of other organizations or group of people like us who are fighting for justice, who are fighting for freedom, who are fighting for a better life for their children and for themselves and their community. And this is what African Americans have done. This is what American Indians have done. This is what other groups in the United States have done, including the Irish, and other groups that were Americanized at one time or another. I hope we don’t fall into the trap that because we’ve been here so many years, that we feel we’re better than other groups that are just coming in and treat them as bad as we have been treated. So I believe in freedom, justice. I believe definitely, [01:59:00] you have to struggle to get what you want because nobody’s going to give it to us. We have to fight the enemies that don’t believe in those traits of justice, equality, and freedom. Then we lost. We have to join those people, be part of them as they’re part of us in our struggles. The building that we acquired, we didn’t have the money. And it was a Jewish couple who had more money than we do, who gave us close to $60,000 to buy this building. No strings attached. They were going to lend it to us. Then they said, “Just keep it. We’re moving out of Chicago anyway.” They ended up moving to 75 �San Francisco, but they gave us the money, and that’s how we acquired the building. I mean, besides all the contributions in the community. But the majority of the money that we got to buy this building, the Segundo Ruiz Belvis Center [02:00:00] was from other groups who play an important part in our development as an organization and developing our consciousness in terms of we’re people, just like everybody else. Every people has their own culture. Every people has their own idiosyncrasy. We have to accept them the way they are, but learn to live together. JJ: Now, were you able to get any grants at all? SA: We have received grants, but grants usually for our groups are very small. It’s usually the big established organization that get much of the money. So defend what you got and fight for it. That’s what I say. And not oppress others because you’re different and they’re different. JJ: What other organizations [02:01:00] did you become members of? SA: I had become a member of various organizations. Even when I went to Puerto Rico, I founded an organization in Puerto Rico, for (inaudible) I lived and then I moved to Chicago. Another group that I had a lot of influence in me, besides the Puerto Rican Independence Group, was the Communist Party of United States. The reason being that they seem to have fought for the kind of issues that we, Puerto Ricans are interested in—social justice, equality, the end of racism, opportunities for everyone, living together no matter what race you are. We’re working together because we are all workers. And as workers, we deserve to be respected. Because who creates the richness in this country? It’s the people 76 �who work years to build the factories, to build the roads, [02:02:00] to build everything that we have become used to. Who are the ones who invent the idea of social services? It was the communist party with the party members or people like them who struggled for an eight-hour day, who struggled for benefits, from the units like Medicare, who struggled for social security when there was none in this country. It was people like them who talk about workers having rights to defend and organize in order to defend your right or else, they’ll be at the mercy of the owners of the corporations and capitalists. And who formed or was right in this country. Who formed the richness of this country? It’s the working people. So I think -- and that’s why I became a member later of the communist party. JJ: So you felt it important because they work for the [02:03:00] working people, you’re saying, the working men? (inaudible) SA: Right. Yeah. And they were -- JJ: They’re kind of outcasts in the United States, of course, because they’re -- SA: Well, because at one time, they were influential. JJ: (inaudible). SA: The structure of the government made a point to destroy them because they became afraid of what the communists were doing, organizing the working class, getting the AFL-CIO all together. And they forced the unions to kick all communists out. And then anybody who wanted to say something, and if they wanted to punish these people that accused them of being a communist. And the McCarthy era, a lot of people who had nothing to do with communism were destroyed because they couldn’t find jobs. Some of them committed suicide, or 77 �else they changed their names. And especially people who work in the movie industry, who has stories to tell [02:04:00] so they could not get jobs. And this kind of tradition continues. It’s not as much as before, but many people still are afraid that the communists are the devils. JJ: (inaudible) the image that is (inaudible). SA: And you know they work for -- JJ: But actually, they’re in many countries. SA: Oh, yes. It’s a worldwide. JJ: It’s worldwide. SA: Worldwide. They understand their -- JJ: Especially in this country, it is a free speech country that people should not have to worry about that. SA: Well, it’s free when it’s free. But when they decide to shut us up, they would do the (inaudible). JJ: (inaudible)? (inaudible). SA: That here where organizations were infiltrated, where members were putting traps so they could be considered criminals and arrested them. So it’s freedom until [02:05:00] they think that we’re stepping on their toes and then they want to shut us up. And we always have to be aware of that and be careful and not be shut by them because of fear. JJ: And that’s one of the reasons you also joined that organization? SA: Yeah. JJ: Okay, just to (inaudible). 78 �SA: And I saw a lot of people who were in prison, who died in prison, who were punished in prison, like Winston. He was blinded in prison because he was accused of being a communist, and the prison wanted to oppose -- JJ: Who was it? Winston. SA: Henry Winston. JJ: Henry Winston. SA: Yeah. JJ: So he was blinded in the (inaudible)? SA: He lost his eyesight. JJ: He lost his eyesight? SA: Yeah. The people now, from Puerto Rico are there. Oscar Lopez, and people like that who have been terribly -- JJ: Oscar Lopez is a member of the? SA: So-called FLNA. JJ: FLNA? SA: Yeah. JJ: And he’s been in jail for over thirty years? SA: That’s right. JJ: And basically, [02:06:00] there’s no proof that he has done anything except stand up for Puerto Rico, I guess. SA: Yeah. JJ: He believes in that. SA: But he was -- 79 �JJ: He was in his truck. SA: He’s also considered enemy because he had a lot of influence with groups like NCO. He was an organizer for NCO. JJ: Oh. SA: Northwest Community Organization. JJ: He was a paid staff? SA: Yeah, he was paid organizer for NCO. JJ: For the Northwest Community Organization? SA: Correct. Saul Alinsky organization. JJ: Saul Alinsky organization? So I wasn’t aware of that, that he was a member of that. I know that he did something at the University of Illinois. He was in a student group there, I believe. SA: Well, he was not a student there, but he helped organize the student group, (Spanish) [02:06:48], which was basically an organization planning to have Latinos receive scholarships to open the doors so that more Latinos [02:07:00] will enter the University of Illinois. (inaudible) campus at that time, not just the University of Illinois. JJ: (inaudible). SA: So I continued working with them. JJ: (inaudible). SA: I marched for jobs, I marched for -- I take petitions for laws that had to deal with social security, unemployment. We do things, demonstration against abuses of organizations and people. But now, we’re involving occupied US Chicago with 80 �people who are like us and working for getting benefits, recognized in fighting against those people and organizations that try to take all benefits that have been won by struggle, like minimum wage, like social security, like unemployment insurance, you go on and on and on and on. Scholarship for students, [02:08:00] saying that students should not be abused by the loans that they receive. And they had to spend many, many years in debt to get an education for a position. And now what do you see now? Many college students cannot find jobs either, but they’re in debt, thousands and thousands of dollars because the kind of legislation that made possible for banks to get hold of those funds and offer loans to students that they cannot pay for. JJ: Anything else we need to put in there? SA: I think I said it before. We have to stick together. If we want just justice, we got to fight together. Recognize who’s the enemy, and be wise to know who’s your friend and who’s not your friend. [02:09:00] And not be afraid of doing things that you know need to be done because people say it’s dangerous for you. I think if you only think of yourself, nothing’s ever going to change. We have to think for everyone. So that’s why I’m a communist now. Oh my God. He’s always been a communist. Yeah. END OF VIDEO FILE 81 � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f91d65c345b36cc8c35e88a72a362124.mp4 90727487e5b06408d1b0a449ee631845 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Young Lords in Lincoln Park Collection Subject The topic of the resource Young Lords (Organization) Puerto Ricans--United States Civil Rights--United States--History Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) Personal narratives Social justice Community activists--Illinois--Chicago Description An account of the resource Collection of oral history interviews and digitized materials documenting the history of the Young Lords Organization in Lincoln Park, Chicago. Interviews were conducted by Young Lords' founder, José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez, and documents were digitized from Mr. Jiménez' archives. The Young Lords in Lincoln Park collection grows out of the ongoing struggle for fair housing, self-determination, and human rights that was launched by Mr. José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez, founder of the Young Lords Movement. This project is dedicated to documenting the history of the displacement of Puerto Ricans, Mejicanos, other Latinos, and the poor from Lincoln Park, as well as the history of the Young Lords nationwide. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jiménez, José, 1948- Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/491">Young Lords in Lincoln Park collection (RHC-65)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-25 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng spa Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-65 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2012-2017 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Título Spanish language Title entry Sijisfredo Avilés vídeo entrevista y biografía Descripción Spanish language Description entry Sijisfredo Avilés es el primer Puertorriqueño en Chicago que públicamente opongo el recluto para la guerra de Vietnam en los 1960s. Silenciamiento sirvió 3 años en la cárcel por rechazar inducción en 1968 y mas tarde se hizo mimbré del parte comunista en USA. Nacido en Puerto rico, La familia de Avilés so movió a Chicago en los 1950s, estabilizándose en Chicago Avenue y Noble Avenue, que esta oeste de Ogden Avenue y el centro. Señor Avilés a soportado los pobres, los Latino auto determinados y los derechos humanos. Avilés ha sido un miembro de Latín American Defense Organization (LADO), el Puerto Rican Socialist Party of Chicago (PSP), y el Segundo Ruiz Belvis Cultural Center en Chicago. Todos estos grupos han trabajado juntos con los Young Lords. Sujetos Spanish language Subject terms Young Lords (Organización) Puertorriqueños--Estados Unidos Derechos civiles--Estados Unidos--Historia Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) Narrativas personales Justicia social Activistas comunitarios--Illinois--Chicago Guerra de Vietnam, 1961-1975--Insumisos--Estados Unidos Puerto Rico--Autonomía y movimientos independentistas Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/491">Young Lords in Lincoln Park (RHC-65)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-65_Aviles_Sijisfredo Title A name given to the resource Sijisfredo Avilés video interview and transcript Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Avilés, Sijisfredo Description An account of the resource Sijisfredo Avilés is the first Puerto Rican in Chicago to publicly oppose the Vietnam War draft during the middle 1960s. He quietly served three years in jail for refusing induction in 1968. Born in Puerto Rico, Mr. Avilés’ family moved to Chicago in the early 1950s, settling around Chicago Avenue and Noble Avenue, just west of Ogden Avenue and downtown. Mr. Avilés has been a lifelong advocate for the poor, Latino self-determination, and human rights and worked closely with the Young Lords. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jiménez, José, 1948- Subject The topic of the resource Young Lords (Organization) Puerto Ricans--United States Civil Rights--United States--History Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) Puerto Ricans--Personal narratives Social justice Community activists--Illinois--Chicago Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Draft resisters--United States Puerto Rico--Autonomy and independence movements Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-03-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/184cd46bad22fec1df4e15199f10809e.pdf f058585efb09a76f2a5f5976b8e165aa PDF Text Text Young Lords In Lincoln Park Interviewee: Wilfredo and Maria Aviles Interviewers: Jose Jimenez Location: Grand Valley State University Special Collections Date: 9/27/2018 Runtime: 01:13:03 Biography and Description Wilfredo Aviles was Born in Manati, Puerto Rico. He arrived in the US on July 1955 to Chicago, IL at Clark and Division Streets or La Clark Neighborhood. His Parents were Angelina Tirado Aviles & Sixto Aviles, and he has three siblings. He lived in old town/Lincoln Park for about 10 years, then moved to the Lake View area. His work experience included the U.S. Army, and retail in the family owned business, The Gaslight Men's Shop, and eventually became the owner (43 years). He retired in 2008. Wilfredo was also a civic leader. He was the first Latino President of Erie Family Health Center Board (2 years); Treasurer of the Puerto Rican Parade committee (5 years); Puerto Rican Chamber of CommerceTreasurer (5 years); and the Chicago Avenue Business Association-President (5 years). He was a member of the Caballeros de San Juan. During his youth he belonged to one of the many sports clubs which often played baseball in Lincoln Park. A few times members of his group joined with other Puerto Rican youth to protect themselves from roving white ethnic gangs which had existed in Lincoln Park previous to Puerto Ricans arriving there. �Transcript JOSE JIMENEZ: So this is just a test. If you can give me your name, and the date you were born and where you were born? Go ahead. WILFREDO AVILES: JJ: Wilfredo Aviles. April 7, 1945. Thank you. And -- MARIA AVILES: And where were -- JJ: -- where were you born? WA: Manati, Puerto Rico. JJ: Manati? WA: Mm-hmm. JJ: Okay. Let me just see something. (break in audio) JJ: And the day you were born. Go ahead. WA: In English? JJ: In Spanish, English, whatever. WA: Well, I’ll say it, you know -- my name is Wilfredo Aviles. I was born in Manati, Puerto Rico, April 7, 1945. JJ: Okay, Wilfredo, you look at me. And who are your parents? WA: My parents? Sixto Aviles and Angelina Tirado. JJ: [00:01:00] Tirado? WA: Mm-hmm. JJ: Okay. And how about your brothers and sisters? 1 �WA: No sisters. I have two other brothers besides me, and -- JJ: And their names? WA: [Ruben?] Aviles and Sixto Aviles, Jr. JJ: Okay. And did they come to Chicago too at the same time you came? WA: No. I came to Chicago like six months before they did. JJ: When did you come to Chicago? WA: July of 1954. JJ: July of 1954? Okay. So can you kinda describe what was going on? How old were you when you came? WA: Eight; I was gonna be nine. Actually, yeah, eight. JJ: And what was going on in Puerto Rico then? WA: Actually, I was nine -- JJ: Oh, nine? Okay. WA: -- I meant to say. Yeah, nine, because 54 and 45 [00:02:00] is nine. JJ: Okay. And can you tell me about something in Puerto Rico at the time that you guys could come in? WA: In Puerto Rico? I was in school. I went to grammar school there for up to third grade. And my parents migrated to Chicago, and they sent for me. I came down here, and we lived on Division and Clark. JJ: Division and Clark? WA: Yep, Division and Clark. And -- JJ: Do you know in what house, or...? 2 �WA: Well, we lived at 1320 North Clark across the street from the Windsor Theatre in those days. And then from there, we moved to 1154 North Clark a little bit south of Division Street. JJ: So the Windsor Theatre was, you said, across the street. WA: Right from where I lived, yeah. JJ: What street was that about? WA: Clark Street. JJ: Okay, Clark. [00:03:00] But I thought they just had the Newberry Theater, and then they had the Stranahan -- WA: No, that was out by Chicago Avenue. JJ: Oh, that was -- WA: That was south, yeah. JJ: Okay. But the Windsor was more up north? WA: Just North of Division Street, yeah. JJ: Oh, was it? WA: In 1300 block -- JJ: That was the Windsor Theatre? WA: -- of Clark Street. Windsor, yes. JJ: Okay. And so did you go to that theater, or...? WA: Actually, I went more to the Newberry. (laughs) JJ: Oh, the Newberry instead of at -- WA: I’m sure that I went across the street too, but Newberry was the one that was -- JJ: Better than -- 3 �WA: -- by the post office. JJ: Okay. There was a post office there? WA: Yeah, right next to it. JJ: And so you were eight or nine years old. What was school like in Puerto Rico? Do you remember that, or...? WA: Well, you learn a little English. You learn about pencil, pen, chicken, (laughter) hen -- JJ: Hen, right. WA: -- you know, stuff like that, so you studied a little bit of English. [00:04:00] But I didn’t speak hardly any English when I came, I mean, at all, you know. But then on the other hand, you pick up fast because, you know, you’re around people all the time, and you gotta learn the lingo. And I did, you know? JJ: Okay. And so they told you you had to come over here, but you wanted to come ’cause your parents are here. WA: Sure, yeah. I mean, the -- JJ: You weren’t afraid or anything? WA: Nope. JJ: And -- WA: Never been afraid. (laughs) JJ: Okay. So you came, and then you grew up in this place. WA: I grew up. I went to William B. Ogden School on Oak Street between Dearborn and State, which is a very, you know, highly upper -- JJ: Upper class area. 4 �WA: -- class area, yeah. JJ: So it was a good school? WA: Oh, yeah. JJ: And did you feel important [00:05:00] because it’s upper class? WA: Well, I can’t complain about how fast I learned. I mean, I learned a lot of things, you know. We didn’t have, per se, big Latino students at that time. It was very few. JJ: Oh, they didn’t have that many? WA: Very few, yes. JJ: In ’54? WA: Mm-hmm. JJ: Okay. But the neighborhood -- there was some Latinos, no, or...? WA: Not around there. JJ: Not around Oakland? WA: They were mainly, like I said, you know, by Division. Most people lived in the South Side of Chicago at that time, most of the -- JJ: But where did they live? WA: -- Puerto Ricans and the, you know... JJ: Where did they live? WA: South of Chicago Avenue, you know, and they lived west by the Humboldt Park - JJ: At that time? WA: -- area, you know? 5 �JJ: By -- WA: Yeah, there were a few Latinos in that -- JJ: But they were living at that time? ’Cause there used to be a neighborhood there, no? WA: Yeah, but -- JJ: At Clark or something? Do you know about that? WA: Well, there was a Latino [00:06:00] group, but believe it or not, they were more from my family from Manati. They were by Diversey and Clark Street. JJ: By Diversey and Clark? WA: Yeah. JJ: Oh, from your family. Or was it -- WA: Well, not my family, but friends and some relatives. JJ: By Diversey and Clark, there was a lot of Latinos and Puerto Ricans? Okay. WA: Latinos, yes, at 2835 North Clark. It was a whole Puerto Rican building there. JJ: Twenty-eight -- WA: Everybody was -- yeah, 2830-- JJ: Is that in [Westchester?] too or no? WA: Huh? JJ: Oh, no, that’s on Diversey. WA: Yeah, 2835 North Clark. JJ: And this is 1954? WA: Yep. JJ: (Spanish)? [00:06:32] 6 �WA: (Spanish) [00:06:34] -- to be honest, my uncles, my father’s brothers, and my cousins, you know -- JJ: That’s where they lived? WA: Yeah. JJ: Were there any stores around there? WA: There’s some stores vaguely, I remember, I mean, like Latino stores. The only Latino store that [00:07:00] was on Clark Street was [Mario Rivera?]. JJ: Mario Rivera. I remember that. WA: Okay. Mario Rivera was right across the street also by the Windsor Theatre, the 1300 block on Clark Street. JJ: Because he had -- WA: He had a grocery store. JJ: He had a grocery store. I know he had (Spanish) [00:07:20] on Clark. Do you remember that one? WA: I remember Spanish American food. JJ: His Spanish American food, yeah. I remember when he [brought it?] on the radio one time. WA: Yeah, that was -- JJ: What radio station was that? Do you remember, or...? WA: In those days? JJ: Is it -- WA: Man, I don’t know. Pelencho, maybe? JJ: Pelencho or Chapa, all that -- 7 �WA: Pelencho, yeah. JJ: Pelencho. WA: And then (Spanish) [00:07:42] also was a local duo that -- Raul Cardona was another radio announcer, you know, so there was not a lot. And there were a [00:08:00] lot of Hispanics where my grandmother used to live and my aunts. They’re from -- JJ: They lived where, on Diversey? WA: No, they lived on Fifth Avenue by Harrison Street in the South Side up there. JJ: Oh, on the west side. WA: West, yes. JJ: Or Southwest. WA: Southwest, yep. They had -- JJ: Okay. That’s where your grandmother lived? WA: Yeah, there were Latinos around there too. JJ: So at Madison, some of them had -- WA: Yeah, south of Madison. JJ: Yeah, right around there? WA: Yeah. Now, you got the Eisenhower running through 290. (laughs) JJ: Right. At that time -- WA: In that time, the -- JJ: So were you there, do you remember, before the Eisenhower was built? WA: No, it wasn’t built yet when -- JJ: Oh, it wasn’t built yet. 8 �WA: -- I was here before, yeah. JJ: So where the Eisenhower was, there were Puerto Ricans? WA: Well, there was a highway there now, but I don’t remember seeing -- JJ: But Harrison was there? WA: Yeah, the streets were -- JJ: And your grandmother was there? WA: Yeah, Fifth Avenue was my grandmother -- JJ: [00:09:00] Did you say your grandmother’s name? Did you give me her name yet or no? WA: I didn’t give you my grandmother’s name. JJ: Can we get her name? It’s up to you. WA: It’s from my mother’s side. Actually, you know, it was a stepmother, so that was the grandmother that I’m talking about. But my grandmother from my father’s side -- [Agracia Ramon?]. JJ: Agracia Ramon, okay. So both of your brothers are here now too, right, at the same time? WA: Ruben and Sixto? They came down, yeah. JJ: In ’54? WA: No, they came in ’55. JJ: Fifty-five? WA: Yeah. JJ: Was there anyone here before ’55 from the family? WA: From my family? 9 �JJ: Yeah. WA: No, just -- JJ: They all came in ’55? WA: No. Fifty-four was my father, and then a couple of months later, I came. JJ: Okay. And your father came for what reason? WA: Looking for a better [00:10:00] way of living; a better life for themselves and for us both. I’m glad that I came to United States. (laughs) JJ: Mm-hmm. So what do you remember by the Windsor, growing up there? WA: Oh, not much ’cause we only spent about -- I want to say in ’57, we moved to 1308 North Cleveland, okay? And Cabrini Green was not there yet. This is before Cabrini Green was built on Division Street by the projects there, what they used to call them. And we lived a couple of blocks north of there on Cleveland Avenue. JJ: Who lived there at that time? WA: (Spanish). [00:10:50] JJ: (Spanish)? [00:10:51] WA: Yeah, and two Spanish families. You remember Nestor Hernandez? JJ: Yeah, I know Nestor. WA: Nestor was across [00:11:00] the street from me. He lived at 1309; I lived 1308. That’s how it was, and then also Hector Molina. JJ: Oh, you knew Hector Molina? WA: Yeah, tall guy. JJ: That’s a tall guy. 10 �WA: They lived on Evergreen. JJ: (Spanish). [00:11:17] WA: Yeah, on Evergreen, so that’s our neighborhood in the ’57 era. And that one -- JJ: So any problems with the Italians? WA: No, we’re family. Nobody came and messed around, and plus the Italians had the dogs and everything. (laughter) Nobody came to mess around there. People there in those days -- everybody knew each other. JJ: [Like a family?]. WA: Everybody sat outside. It didn’t matter; Puerto Rican, Italian, whatever. But Spanish families were the first ones in there. And then on North Avenue and Cleveland, my (Spanish) [00:11:57], Sebastian [Ramiri?] -- JJ: [00:12:00] Oh, Sebastian. WA: [Sebby?] lived on North Avenue in there with his parents in the house and -- JJ: So that’s the one that used to box? WA: Yeah, he used to box. JJ: So he boxed for -- was it CYO, or...? WA: CYO, yeah. JJ: And were they doing any work in the neighborhood, or...? WA: No. I mean -- JJ: I mean, I didn’t -- WA: -- we played ball. We had teams, YMCA. We went to [Action?] YMCA. That’s where we belonged when we did our stuff, and we played baseball, mainly, you know, softball. And it was -- 11 �JJ: So you had a team? WA: Yeah. JJ: What was the name of your team? WA: Well, we were, at first, the Flaming Arrows. JJ: Okay. You were in the Flaming Arrows, huh? WA: Yep, the Flaming Arrows. The best team they had (laughter) because I made sure they practiced and -- JJ: You mean you were the coach for -- WA: I was the captain of the team, yeah, and I -- JJ: So did you get voted in? [00:13:00] How’d you get that? WA: No. I was a little bit more knowledgeable in that area than other people and -- JJ: In the sports thing? WA: Mm-hmm. JJ: And so you became the captain of the Flaming Arrows. And Sebastian was part of that team? WA: No, Sebastian was with the -- actually, he hung out more with the Italians, believe it or not. JJ: Oh, he did? WA: Yeah, he was more with the Italian guys, you know. The Latinos, most of us, were -- well, Frank was Italian, Frank [Regio?]. JJ: Frank Regio, yeah. [I know him?]. WA: Yeah, but you know, he’d speak Spanish like Puerto Rican and he spoke Italian too, you know. And he lived across the street from me too. Actually, Nestor and 12 �him lived in the same building, so that’s how it was on Cleveland. And then in January of ’61, I graduated [00:14:00] from grammar school, eighth grade, and went to George Manierre. JJ: Oh, you went to Manierre. WA: After Ogden, I went to George Manierre School, yeah. And then from there, I graduated -- JJ: What was Manierre like at that time? WA: It was mixed. There were a lot of Latinos ’cause I remember we used to get people that lived a little bit south of us from Division Street and around Hill Street, I think it was; the little street on the subway, I think. And the church we went to was St. Joseph, I think it is. JJ: St. Joseph? WA: The one right on the corner almost by -- this is the church that we used to go to, most of us. JJ: So was there a thing for Puerto Ricans at St. Joseph, or...? WA: They had Spanish masses. JJ: There at that time? WA: Yeah, they had Spanish masses in those days, and we went there. We -- JJ: Any activities for Spanish people? WA: Well, I think most people kept to themselves more than anything, to be honest, about it even though they knew each other. And [00:15:00] when they met, and there was some kind of a dance or something, everybody would know about it or 13 �something, you know. But one thing about it is friends. There were no gangs laying around, I mean, at least that we didn’t know. JJ: [Moving to the?] gangs later -- but you said everybody stayed to the -- WA: Yeah, one thing about my neighborhood -- it was a clean neighborhood. It was no garbage laying around. People were clean. That’s the way it was. JJ: So everybody took care of their own apartment and their own houses. WA: Yep, everybody took care of it. JJ: And everybody got along. You said they hung out on the porches. WA: We did have block parties, you know, for the block that we were in, you know, but that was, you know, just for the block party. And we used to go to festivities at Cabrini Green when, you know, the church and all the staff had festivities up there, [00:16:00] so... JJ: So Cabrini Green was all Black at that time, or...? WA: No, it had a lot of Latinos in there too. [Migos?] Claudio lived there with his whole family. JJ: Oh, Migos Claudio [lived there?]? WA: Jose [Reyes?] lived there with his family. JJ: Toothpick? (laughs) WA: Toothpick’s brother, Jose, yeah. Well, Toothpick too because Toothpick was there. They all lived together, and the two sisters. They all lived in Cabrini Green. A lot of Puerto Ricans lived in Cabrini Green. MA: A lot of [Puerto Ricans too?]. JJ: A lot of Puerto Ricans lived in Cabrini Green? 14 �WA: Yes. JJ: And this was in what year? WA: Oh, now, we went to the -- JJ: And what do you -- WA: Fifty-seven -- JJ: Fifty-seven. WA: -- to the ’60s, more or less. JJ: When a lot of Puerto Ricans were living in Cabrini Green? WA: Oh, yes. JJ: But what part of Cabrini, by Division? WA: By Division, yeah -- JJ: The white projects? WA: -- and Orleans. JJ: They called it the white projects or something like that? WA: I don’t know if they called it the white projects, but -- JJ: Okay, Division and Orleans. I don’t want to put words in your, you know... WA: Well, because we didn’t call it the [00:17:00] white -- JJ: Okay, I asked that -- WA: I just know that it was Cabrini Green, and it was made for people that were underserved a little bit, you know, families that didn’t make enough money. And they had to go to those places and get an apartment that they didn’t have to pay as much. JJ: And then -- 15 �WA: I graduated from Walter High School in January of 1961. JJ: But you went to Manierre. To eighth grade, or...? WA: To eighth grade, yeah. I was about in fifth or sixth grade when I went to Manierre. JJ: And so you said Manierre was okay, and it was mixed? WA: Yeah, it was mixed. JJ: No fighting, none of that at all? WA: It was the Italian -- JJ: No gangs, or...? WA: That’s the thing. In the old days when we’d fight, you know, you did something to me -- if I’d beat you up, we’d shake hands, and it was over. There was no holding any grudges. There was no grudges at all, you know, and [00:18:00] nobody got into the fight. It was just you and whoever the guy was, and I grew up like that. We didn’t have 10 guys jumping on one guy. No, that came later on, but -- JJ: So that was respectful -- WA: Yeah, it was a handshake after the fight. JJ: And it was just people [getting up to something?]? WA: Yeah, that’s the way it was. JJ: Okay. So what else do you remember about Manierre? WA: No, that’s about it. A couple of girls had fights, you know. JJ: That’s the -- 16 �WA: But here, again, it’s one-on-one. It’s no bunch of people fighting, you know, jumping in. JJ: A couple of girls, one-on-one, were fighting over [you?]? WA: Yep. They’d take off their bras, and some of them -- JJ: Oh, the girls would fight each other. WA: Yeah, and the guys just enjoyed the fight. We would wait and watch. [00:19:00] (laughter) Those days were not like today. You didn’t have people coming with a knife or a gun. None of that stuff existed, you know? The worst thing you ever saw was somebody took a bat, and that’s the worst weapon anybody ever did in those days, you know, so... JJ: I know that here, we were a little different, but I always know you guys were more into sports, you said, as opposed to -- WA: Yeah, we were about sports. Actually, at the Action YMCA, we had basketball. We had dodgeball. We had the baseball teams, you know, and we competed with each other, you know. But everything was done -- you know, even if you push me or something, I’ll push you back, and that’s [00:20:00] it, you know? And there was no, “Yo, I’m gonna beat you up,” or something. JJ: But it got a little rough around the edges, though, sometimes. WA: Oh, yeah, if it was something rough. JJ: Because, I mean, in some neighborhoods, people don’t even push each other. WA: No, they didn’t. JJ: So it was a little -- was it getting rough? When did it start turning rough? 17 �WA: Not during the grammar school days. Grammar school was not rough. It started from the high school area. JJ: In the high school era? WA: When you got into high school, then you had Walter, for instance, you know, which is Lincoln Park West right now. But in those days, we were known as the school that had every nationality you can think of. I mean, you name the nationality, we had it. JJ: At Walter? WA: Yeah. [00:21:00] You know, but the good thing about the Latinos -- we were the neutral group. And the reason we were neutral is because the whites didn’t like the Black, and the Blacks didn’t like the whites, and we like everybody. (laughter) So if they had a fight or something, they’d run away -- let’s say we’re gonna fight the Blacks. Okay, the whites will come. If we’re gonna fight the whites, the Blacks will come and help us, you know? But like I said, again, you didn’t have the guns or anything like that. That’s the good thing about it. And usually, it used to be -- JJ: And what did they fight about, the Blacks and the whites? WA: Nothing, because people are like that, I guess. You know, some people don’t like Black, and some people don’t like white. And some people don’t like Latinos, so... JJ: So some people didn’t like each other because of -- WA: Their race, maybe. JJ: Their race? 18 �WA: Yeah. Mainly, it was the race issue, but [00:22:00] I don’t know. I guess -- JJ: But that’s why they fought? They didn’t fight over girls or anything like that, or...? WA: Not to my knowledge. Did they fight over girls? Sorry, my -- JJ: About race, or...? WA: Yeah, I think somebody had, you know, some -- JJ: So can you give me an example of when they said something about race? Can you talk about -- WA: A Black person can call another Black person a nigger, but a white person cannot call a Black person a nigger, you know, so they would say that. Or the Italians were dagos, so they didn’t like being called dagos. You know, that's the - JJ: So people used words like dago and spic -- WA: Yeah, spic -- JJ: -- and stuff like that? WA: Yeah, stuff like that. Yeah, that was -- JJ: And they would fight? WA: Yeah, ’cause if I’m Puerto Rican and you’re Puerto Rican, and I call you spic, well, you’re not gonna do nothing. But see, if a white person calls you a spic, or a Black guy, you know, you might wanna [00:23:00] do something about it. JJ: So was there any certain parts of the neighborhood you couldn’t go to? WA: Not in my time. JJ: No? WA: We could go anywhere. 19 �JJ: Was there any certain parts of the neighborhood that you had fights in? WA: No, because -- JJ: And let me give you a good example. At North Avenue Beach, we had a baseball game -- WA: There was a baseball game that we had, and we played baseball in Lincoln Park. And somebody came in. We had these white guys come in, and they took us out of our diamond. We were already there first. At that time, you had no appointments. If the diamond’s empty, you -- and we used to practice. We had both teams, and we would practice. And the only experience I ever had was these white guys, which were already adults, most of them, college kids or something. You know, we were still high school, a little smaller, but we were not afraid either. [00:24:00] So, you know, they came in, and Darwin Fuentes, another (Spanish) [00:24:05] of mine -- I don’t know if you know Darwin. JJ: Oh, Darwin. WA: Yeah, he has a shop -- JJ: He was a business guy. WA: He had a -- JJ: He had a business. WA: -- clothing store on Broadway, yeah. JJ: Clothing store on Broadway, uh-huh. WA: And he used to work for Herb’s Men’s Shop on North Avenue and Mohawk, the little, nice store on North Avenue. And he doesn’t keep quiet, so you know, he right away got smart with one of those guys. And we see they're bigger than we 20 �are, so you know, we’re not gonna attack, you know, and get beat up for no reason. So the funny thing is that in those days, we had the Braves baseball team, and these were adults. They were not kids, you know. They had their own kids, you know? And they saw what was happening, and [00:25:00] right away, they told one guy a couple of bad words, and the guy punched him in the face. And he went down, and he got up again and said, “You guys --” he punched him again, and he cut him a little bit. So we grabbed Darwin and pulled him to the side, and said, “Look, leave it alone. You know, they’re bigger than we are, and you know, they want it. Let them have their diamond.” But all the adults were practicing also, the baseball team. They came over, and they started the rumble. Those guys ran across Lakeshore Drive. They’d rather get hit by a car than fight the guy -JJ: Running on Lakeshore Drive? WA: Yeah, right inside Lincoln Park. But they jumped over the fence and over Lakeshore Drive, and that was the only big fight I ever really -- JJ: And then the -- WA: -- participated in that was something like that. But they’re the ones that started it. I mean, we were there already, and we were younger kids. JJ: Now, I thought that you were involved with the Black Eagles. WA: [00:26:00] Well, I wasn’t that involved with the Black Eagles. When [Louis Sias?] used to be the president of the Black Eagles, and the Flaming Arrows broke up when the Paragons came from New York. JJ: Paragons came from New York? 21 �WA: Yeah. JJ: Oh, I didn’t know that. WA: Yeah, they came from New York, and these were wild guys, you know. MA: Don’t mention them. WA: Why? MA: Don’t mention them. WA: So anyway, these guys came, and they started -- you know, they thought they were bad, I guess, you know, being from New York or something, and they brought bad habits with them. And some of the guys -- we broke up and -- JJ: When you say bad habit, what do you mean? WA: The weed. I mean, I personally didn’t -- JJ: Didn’t do -- WA: I didn’t smoke or drink or anything like that. JJ: -- drugs or something like that? WA: Yeah, they -- JJ: I remember that, [when they’d come?], yeah. WA: Yeah, so you know, [00:27:00] they were into the gangs and stuff like that, you know. And so we had broken up the Flaming Arrows, but what happened is that some of the guys went to the Eagles. Some guys went to the Paragons, you know, and that’s how the thing started, so... JJ: But I thought that you had become president for a while of the Black Eagles, no? WA: No. JJ: Oh, never? Okay. 22 �WA: No. I, again, kept, you know, the team, though, the baseball team, ’cause that’s the only time they started winning baseball games. (laughs) I was always the -- JJ: But you were the captain of the -- WA: But I had a voice, and I would, you know, put in my two cents. If I’d see something that wasn’t right, I’d put in my two cents and I’d say, “No, that’s not how things are.” But outside of that, hey, listen, I graduated and thank God I went to the armed forces in ’65. I got drafted. JJ: So tell me about that. Tell me about the armed forces. WA: Well, I got drafted in ’65. I was one of the last group, I think, that got drafted during Vietnam, [00:28:00] and I went to Fort Knox for basic. September 1965, I got drafted, and we took basic at Fort Knox. And then I took advanced -- JJ: What’s that like? I don’t know what that is. WA: Well, you learn how to shoot the rifle. You learn how to fight, you know, with the [bungee?] -- JJ: Physical? WA: No, no fists. (laughs) They got the -- JJ: Oh, the rifle, okay. WA: -- rifle that’s set, you know, so stuff like that and shooting at a target, you know. That’s what I learned there, and you know, a little bit of self-defense, and then I went to advanced training in Fort Bliss, Texas. And in Fort Bliss, Texas, I wound up with 16B20 MOS, and that was artillery. So I finished my artillery. I [00:29:00] made sergeant in 16 months. JJ: [Congratulations?]. That’s awesome. 23 �WA: And I never went to Vietnam either, so I was lucky. I worked with the Nike Hercules. That was my M1, and I was assigned to the warhead of the Nike Hercules. It’s only eight of us that was in that group. We had no back check. We didn’t belong to the 333rd Artillery. This is a individual group, so you know, I was lucky. You know, I fell in the right places, you know, and I had good grades, I guess, when they took my test. (laughs) So that kinda helped me with that, you know, but as far as hurting somebody just for the heck of it, I would never do that. I mean, I have my -- but like I said, again, in those days, we had our own fights. But we shook hands at the end of the fight, and it was over. JJ: So you mentioned [00:30:00] Action YMCA. WA: Action, yeah. JJ: What do you remember from that? WA: Oh, that’s where we did all our sports; swimming, everything. Action was the home for -- after school, you know, we’d go there. In the summer, we had, like I said, the baseball teams. You know, we’d never played soccer, but we’d play -- JJ: So who else was in the baseball team? What are their teams? WA: Well, the Paragons was a team at that time. The Black Eagles were a team. In the days before the Paragons came, we had the Flaming Arrows, and we had the Black Eagles. What other team? I think maybe the [Youngers?] might have been around -- JJ: Yeah, the Youngers were around [back then?]. WA: -- at that time. I think they were in there too. JJ: So you -- 24 �WA: Like I said, they were younger kids. JJ: Right, they were younger back then. WA: Yeah, but the older guys -- that’s what we did, mainly. JJ: But some of these people turned into gangs later. [00:31:00] Didn’t they turn into gangs, some of them, the young boys or any of the...? WA: Well -- JJ: And the Paragons turned more into gangs, huh? WA: Well, yeah, but you see what happens. A lot of them are dead doing their own things, you know, but -- JJ: Weeds and drugs and stuff like that? WA: Yeah. You live the life, you -- JJ: So why do you think they got that deep involved? I mean, you were there. Why do you think they went from, you know, playing sports to -- WA: Doing those other things? JJ: Yeah, doing those other things. WA: Well, by that time, I was already out of there. JJ: Oh, you was out there? WA: Out of the neighborhood. I was -- JJ: So you don’t remember? Okay. WA: I always grew up, I’ll be honest, in a nice neighborhood. I never lived in a neighborhood that was bad, so I got to give you that. That’s one thing I always deal with myself. Since I have my kids now, they can’t say they live in a bad 25 �neighborhood. We always lived in a good neighborhood, had a home, you know, so... JJ: And who did -- WA: We -- JJ: -- that? Who made sure that you did that, [00:32:00] you or her? WA: My father. If I wasn’t home by eight o’clock at night, I got whipped, so -- JJ: When you say whipped, what do you mean? How did he whip you? WA: With the belt. JJ: Oh, it was a belt. WA: Hell, yeah. He’d say I was supposed to be here at 7:30, not eight o’clock. JJ: Was that normal? ’Cause today, that’s (inaudible). WA: Today, the kids come home at 12:00 midnight, but that’s why that you gotta -- JJ: But when you grew up, they -- WA: Oh, my mom and dad were strict. And in my house, not one guy gets whipped. It’s three of us, and my father whipped all three. Even though the other two [had nothing to say?], he said, “That’s in case you guys want to laugh about it,” you know, so that’s the way he was. That was good ’cause Sixto, second after me, never cried. And I always used to tell him -- ’cause my dad touched me one time with the belt, and I’m screaming. But Sixto would just [00:33:00] take it. He was very hard. He would not cry, and I would say, “Man, just cry.” But Ruben and I would start crying. One hit, and I’m crying, you know, so you don’t get -- JJ: To get him to stop? WA: Yeah. 26 �JJ: But he wasn’t -- WA: No, he just did it because, hey, what he says -- in those days, you respect your parents. I mean, you know, you don’t just tell your parents this or that in those days. You know, I never swear. I even tell my kids, “You never hear me swear, but you swear.” That’s the way it is, but that’s the way they come up. But, you know, that’s -- JJ: What about church and that? Where did you guys go to church at? WA: We went to Holy Name. I made my first communion -- JJ: Holy Name Cathedral? WA: -- in Holy Name Cathedral, yeah. I made my first communion there, and I did my -- the one that comes after the... MA: Confirmation. WA: Confirmation, [00:34:00] also. I did my confirmation at Holy Name -- JJ: At Holy Name? WA: -- Cathedral, yeah. JJ: So -- WA: So Holy Name. St. Joseph was also -- JJ: Were there Spanish people there at Holy Name? WA: Yeah, sure, there were Spanish. JJ: So there was -- WA: I went to the cathedral in my days in Ogden School ’cause it’s Ogden and State, and the cathedral was on Chicago Avenue and State. JJ: So you went to public school, and then you went to Catholic church? 27 �WA: Catechism. JJ: Catechism. WA: I had catechism. Yeah, that’s where I went to -- [well, also?] the Lawson YMCA on Chicago Avenue, you know. We went there also. I was in the swimming team there too. We had -- JJ: Were there other Spanish people there? WA: Yeah. We had really -- JJ: That’s awesome. But [what was the?] year? WA: Huh? JJ: What year was that? WA: This is ’55, ’56, yeah. JJ: And the whole neighborhood was Latino? WA: Yeah, mm-hmm. And also, like I said, we went to [00:35:00] St. Joseph -- JJ: On [Clark?]? WA: -- in Orleans, yeah. They had Spanish masses there, yeah. JJ: Were there any activities? Did anybody organize anything? WA: Not too many functions. Most of the activities was at St. Michael’s on Cleveland and North Avenue. JJ: What kind of activities did they -- WA: Everything. My wife and I, when we were high school friends, went to dance there. All the guys used to go dance there. I don’t know if you remember Jose Rodrigeuz, Joseito. JJ: Oh, Jose? 28 �WA: Yeah, that’s the -- JJ: Actually, he’s my third cousin. WA: Is he really? Okay. And his brother, you know, passed away. Was it Manny? JJ: Carmero. WA: Carmero. JJ: Carmero. WA: Carmero used to be a teacher at Roberto Clemente, and his wife. So we were the dancers. We were the guys that knew [00:36:00] all the steps with -- JJ: Oh, you were a dancer [back then?], huh? WA: We used to practice, yeah. (laughs) JJ: But did you dance Spanish or English? WA: Spanish, mainly. That’s what it was ’cause that’s where you do some nice steps, you know. English is, you know... JJ: And Jose danced particularly good too, yeah? WA: Oh, hell yeah. All of us were. Carmero -- JJ: [All of you?] too, huh? WA: We used to practice together. We used to practice dancing, you know, so -- JJ: Oh, the cha-cha-cha and -- WA: -- all the girls would want to dance with us. (laughs) JJ: The cha-cha-cha, [you did also?]? WA: Yep, I danced everything. I used to be good. I still got a little swing. JJ: (Spanish) [00:36:36] had a lot of dances. WA: Oh, we had a lot of dances there. And then also, we had it -- 29 �MA: At (Spanish). [00:36:41] WA: (Spanish) [00:36:42] had one, the one on Clark and Southport where it comes by Wrigley Field. JJ: Oh, at Wrigley Field. WA: Yeah, there used to be that -- JJ: So they had dances? WA: -- (Spanish). [00:36:53] JJ: Oh, (Spanish) [00:36:55], I see. WA: (Spanish) [00:36:56] used to be there. JJ: That’s the best one. WA: I played ball for the (Spanish). [00:37:00] JJ: Oh, you did? WA: In the old days, yeah. And I played for (Spanish) [00:37:03] at St. Michael’s. JJ: Oh, you played at St. Michael’s too for (Spanish) -- [00:37:07] WA: Yep, and then I played for the Puerto Rican Parade. I played for the -- what was those [things that?] -- JJ: What did you play? WA: Third base. JJ: Third base, [that’s the one?]? WA: Third base, yeah, the hot corner. (laughs) Good reflexes. JJ: Actually, the ball goes higher than third base. That’s the way they are. WA: Yeah, that’s -- JJ: You have to be good to play that. 30 �WA: It’s a basic corner. JJ: Yeah, basic corner. (laughs) So you played a lot of sports? WA: I was into sports, yeah. I was very athletic in my young age. That’s why my kids -- whatever kinda sport they wanna play, I tell ’em, “When you go to high school, whatever sport they have, get in it. Join. You know, try to play.” JJ: Can you describe, because somebody that’s never been there at that time -[00:38:00] what were the games like? I mean, if you went to the game -- I remember we went and [saw pasteles?] and stuff like that, so that was our thing. But other people were -- I heard noises and people singing, I mean, chants and [other things?]. [00:38:16] I mean, what do you remember? WA: Well, we had a good team, so people used to like us. I mean, a lot of people went to see the games there. They were always pulling for us. Whenever we played our games, they pulled for us, yeah. JJ: So what do you mean, they pulled for you? WA: I mean, you know, they’d cheer us more than the other -- we had a good fan, you can say -- JJ: Fans? WA: Yeah, we had a lot of fans. JJ: Were there a lot of families that came, or...? WA: Yeah, families always were there. My wife and my kids would come to see me play ball, you know. Sometimes they would walk around by North Avenue Beach and that ’cause we used to play ball [00:39:00] always at Lincoln Park. And then 31 �we’d play at Humboldt Park. You know, we also played there. I played organized leagues, you know. JJ: So you played at Humboldt Park and Lincoln Park. And then -- WA: I played at a lot of parks. JJ: Yeah. Your wife went to the beach while you guys played? WA: Well, they’d walk around the park if we had the kids and that, but you know, she would go and stay there or walk around. JJ: So were there a lot of Spanish people at that time, then? WA: Yeah, a lot of Spanish people. JJ: What does that mean? WA: A lot. At that time, we already had, at Clemente, Puerto Rican. I had Puerto Rican friends that were policemens already, you know, and a lot of the guys that I grew up with are policemens and detectives and what have you, you know, so... JJ: Some of the guys from the Flaming Arrows -- were they policemen or -- WA: Yeah, Frank Regio. JJ: Frank Regio? WA: He’s the sergeant in the police department. He retired as a sergeant down there. JJ: Who else from the neighborhood was a policeman? MA: Louis. WA: There’s so many, and I can’t -- MA: [00:40:00] Louis Sias. WA: Well, Louis Sias, yeah. He was a policeman -- JJ: Oh, Louis Sias? 32 �WA: -- too, yeah, Louis. MA: And Pete Rivera. WA: Huh? MA: Pete Rivera. WA: Oh, Pete Rivera. (Spanish), [00:40:08] yeah. JJ: Oh, yeah, [that’s the?] -- WA: (Spanish), [00:40:10] we used to call him. (laughs) JJ: I was gonna interview him. WA: Pete? Yeah, he was one of the -- MA: Down at the -- WA: -- counselors in that time. He was one of the counselors for the Latinos and stuff like that. MA: Helped them out with everything. WA: Helped the kids, you know. He was involved with all the kids. JJ: You mean with the YMCA? WA: Yeah, The Y and everything. JJ: He did that? Okay. WA: He’s always been involved with us. That’s, you know, always -- I don’t know. My thing is if you do the right thing, things good are gonna happen. That’s the way it is. If you’re doing the best thing, the best things are gonna happen, you know, so that’s... JJ: So you would tell people to do that, or that’s just -- WA: Sure, I would. 33 �JJ: -- the way you do [everything like that?]? WA: Yeah, I would tell ’em that. [00:41:00] You know, it’s like I do with my grandkids right now. You know, I tell ’em, “This is this, and this is that.” And you can only tell ’em. You know, like they say, when the kids are out, you don’t know what the heck they’re doing. You only know when you’re watching them, and that’s it. But if you show good morals -- JJ: Good morals, uh-huh. WA: -- they’ll come up with good morals. That’s the way to -- JJ: What other things do you try to tell the grandkids? WA: Study; go to school. Don’t lie ’cause lying is the worst thing you do. Once you become a liar, that’s it. People don’t believe you for anything. Be responsible. Be motivated. Always, you know, move yourself and move others with you. You know, that’s what you gotta teach ’em. Those are the things that you teach your kids right off the bat ’cause there’s three things I live by. It’s responsible ’cause [00:42:00] when I had to be at work at nine o’clock in the morning, I was there at a quarter to 9:00 ’cause if you get there at 9:00, you’re late. That’s what I tell my kids. So I got there a quarter to 9:00 so I knew that I was not late. Okay, that’s responsibility. Honesty. A guy left 10 dollars on the table? He’ll come back, and the 10 dollars will still be there. That’s another thing that I always say, you know, and then don’t lie ’cause those three things are the ones that are part of, you know, doing things the right way. JJ: Did you learn that in school? Where’d you learn that at? 34 �WA: I learned that in school. I learned how to be a businessman at Walter High School ’cause in the old days, you went to high school. And if you paid attention and did things the right way, you gonna learn to do things. And I always wanted to be a businessman. And when I went to [00:43:00] Walter, they had how, you know, to be self-employed and have your own business, and how to run a business. I learned that in high school. JJ: And they had business classes, or...? WA: They had a business class, and then I had my -- one class was in the classroom, and the other class was with a job. I worked, so I went and I practiced work while I was learning. So I was selling when I was in high school. Already, I had a job at work. When I finished high school -- JJ: And what were you selling? You already had a job. WA: I was selling -- JJ: Selling what? I mean -- WA: I was a salesman. You know, what I had, mainly, is clothing and jewelry, and I learned, you know, how to promote a sale, you know. JJ: How did you get the job of selling? WA: Well, you have to get a job in order to -- JJ: Oh, to be a part of that program? WA: ’Cause one half of the credit is [00:44:00] on job training, and the other half is in the room. The teacher would test you in this and that, and you learned how to promote a sale. You know, let’s say you would come in the store. You want to buy a suit. 35 �JJ: Oh, man, don’t get that on tape. WA: And I look at you, and I already know what size you -- JJ: Don’t put that on the tape. (laughter) WA: He owes me a suit. JJ: “That guy owes me a suit!” WA: Yeah. And, you know, I always told my guys at work, “When a customer comes in, two things you don’t do is don’t ask him what color he wants, and don’t ask him what size. ‘Cause when you [tell him the things?], you take the tape measure to his waist, and now you know what he is.” You know, if you come in and you say, “I want a shirt,” my salesman will say to you, “Well, what size do you need?” See, you don’t have to know. You should measure that person. Let ’em know you know what you’re doing, okay? [00:45:00] So I tell ’em, “You measure the person, and then you say, ‘Okay, here’s what I have in your size, all this here.’ Don’t say, ‘What color do you need,’ ’cause if he asks you for a royal blue, and you don’t have it, you lost the sale already without starting the sale. But if you show him shirts, he’ll see a bunch of colors. ‘Oh, yeah, I like this one. I like that one.’ Let him be the guy who picks the stuff, you know? You just show him, ‘Here’s what I got in your size.’” And, you know, instead of some guys -they’re 34 waist, and God forbid you give them a 36 because I see a lot of guys come in and tell me, “Oh, yeah, I’m 32.” You say, “Okay, no problem.” So I will just give them a [purple?] and say, “Here, try this one on and see how it fits.” “Oh, yeah, this fits nice.” “Oh, okay. You want me to measure the length for you?” 36 �JJ: “You’re a 38.” (laughter) WA: ’Cause that’s the way it is, you know? I knew. I can look at you, and I know what size you wear in a suit, you know, but that was my business. [00:46:00] That’s what I learned. I can sell ice to an Eskimo. That’s the way it is. (laughter) JJ: But you learned that in Walter. You didn’t learn that -- WA: At Walter. JJ: -- from your family? WA: No. JJ: That’s the -- WA: I learned at Walter the underground -- in other words, the knowledge for it. But on the job is where I learned the real thing: what’s going on and how you gotta do things like that. JJ: So Walter High School was pretty good at that time? WA: Sure. I had printing shop. I’d read backwards because of going to printing shop. I had wood shop. I used to make a lamp, you know, out of wood and all that, the base and the legs and everything else. There were a lot of things when I was at Walter. I took a lot of shop classes, so it’s why I’m handy. When I do something at the house, I [00:47:00] know how to take care of it. You know, I don’t have to get men to come and do it. I do it myself. JJ: So they had a lot of trade? WA: Yeah. JJ: And you tried to -- WA: It wasn’t a trade school, but they had a lot of -- 37 �JJ: They had a lot of [elective work?]? WA: -- things you could learn. If you want to be a mechanic, you have to go to Tuley. JJ: Oh, Tuley had mechanics [courses?]. WA: Tuley had the mechanics, yeah. They had -- JJ: What years was this? So the schools were -- WA: This was in the -- MA: Sixties. WA: -- early ’60s. JJ: Early ’60s from -- WA: Yeah, from ’60, ’61, so -- JJ: Tuley had mechanic shop, and Walter had print shop and -- WA: Yeah, we had the -- JJ: -- business? WA: -- print shop. Yeah, we had all that stuff. JJ: And home ec? WA: Business courses, typing. I’d type. I used to do all that stuff, yeah. I also did mechanical drawing; could’ve been an architect. JJ: So how far did you go into Walter? WA: All the way. I graduated. JJ: You graduated? WA: Yeah. JJ: So other people from the Flaming Arrows -- where did they graduate? WA: Well, the ones who did was from Walter, maybe. 38 �JJ: The ones -- WA: Some from Wells High School, [00:48:00] you know, but the ones that didn’t graduate -- JJ: But when you look at the Flaming Arrows, you’re looking mainly at the sports team, right? WA: Well, that’s what we liked to do. That’s what we had. We were not into fighting or smoking or drinking. That’s not what we did. We did the opposite. JJ: That’s true. That’s what I [gathered?] about -- WA: Hey, listen, to stay healthy -- I wanna be 103, so... JJ: Well, when there was a little thing you guys did, the whole neighborhood sometimes got together and had a fight or something, no? You mentioned the baseball game. WA: Well, usually, you didn’t have fights in baseball, but the fights were -- this group of guys that were older than we were came in and, that same day, showed up around there after that. And -- JJ: And then baseball usually gets -- WA: Yeah, that was the only time -- JJ: It was just one time. WA: Yep, it was a one-time thing. JJ: So did you guys go around Halsten and Dickens? WA: Oh, sure. JJ: What was that like? WA: Walter High School [00:49:00] is right there. How can we not be -- 39 �JJ: So what was Halsten and Dickens like? WA: Well, I didn’t hang around there. I went there, but I didn’t hang around. I mean -- JJ: Where did you hang around? WA: I didn’t hang around. (laughs) JJ: Not even hanging (inaudible)? WA: No. JJ: Just sports, and that was it? WA: Sports. I’d come home and, you know, do my homework and that, and that was it. I didn’t do too much hanging around. JJ: It was more the Paragons and all of them? WA: Yeah. Well, we had dances also at the YMCA. JJ: So what were the dances at The Y like? WA: All the high school guys. JJ: So the high school guys and them -- WA: The girls -- JJ: -- [would go to these dances from Walter]? WA: Yeah, they went to Walter and -- JJ: So they were decent dances? WA: Yeah, in those days, it was. JJ: No big fighting or anything? WA: No, that’s what I mean. We were a fun group. Nobody was looking for any fights or anything, you know. Everything was normal, you know, not... JJ: Did the neighborhood change at all? 40 �WA: [00:50:00] Where? JJ: At Lincoln around North Avenue? WA: Well, sure. Right now, it’s a very good neighborhood. JJ: That good? WA: It costs a lot of good money to buy a house around here. JJ: And the other Puerto Ricans neighborhoods are not so good today? (laughter) WA: Yeah, well, it’s -- JJ: I’m joking. WA: Yeah, I know, but there’s still a lot of Puerto Ricans holding onto their -- JJ: To their properties? WA: -- properties, yeah. The guy who owned just about the whole neighborhood there was the hardware store, Frank. JJ: Frank. WA: Remember Frank’s hardware store across the street from the church there? JJ: At Armitage, yeah. WA: By, yeah, [Sheffield?] and that. JJ: He owned the whole block? WA: He owned the whole neighborhood. JJ: Really? WA: He owned, you know, almost every home, building, [shops?] around there. JJ: Frank? WA: And then, you know, what’s his name Carlos Flores -- he’s dead -- had that corner building on Armitage by -- 41 �JJ: Oh, he took me to that building. WA: Yeah, a big building he had there, so you know, some Puerto Ricans -- JJ: Did Mario Rivera have any -- WA: -- did all right. Mario -- JJ: At this point. WA: Junior or the -- JJ: Junior. WA: Junior has (Spanish). [00:51:00] JJ: (Spanish). [00:51:01] WA: But his father is the original. On Clark Street, he was the original in the ’50s. JJ: And who were some of the other businesses that you remember? Who gave haircuts? WA: Oh, man -- JJ: The barber. WA: -- we used to go to -- I forget its name, God. JJ: Well, who is -- WA: We lived in the same building on Sedgwick. We lived on the third floor, and he lived on the second floor. And then he went to Puerto Rico with his wife and daughter. Well, [Omelina?] -- JJ: Omelina. WA: -- was his name, and I can’t think -- JJ: Oh, yeah, Omelina. 42 �WA: Yeah, and that’s it. And then I used to also get haircuts on Clark Street by Chicago Avenue. It was owned by Puerto Ricans and that in those days, but I don’t remember their names, really. JJ: Okay. So [00:52:00] we talked about the school, and then we talked about when you got married. How did that happen? WA: I told Maria if she wants to get married... (laughter) MA: That’s such a -- WA: I was in the service, and we were going out, you know, when I went in. And I came out in September of ’67, and we got married in November of ’66, November 5. And that was it. Decided we wanted to get married, and so we got married. And at that time, my mom lived at 2250 North Lincoln. JJ: Lincoln? WA: Lincoln Avenue, yeah. MA: It was already changing. WA: Yeah, it was already getting (inaudible) [00:53:00] in the late ’60s. Well, when I came in ’67, we rented an apartment at 1341 West Addison. That was my first apartment ever ’cause I always lived at home with my family when I was a kid. I went straight from the house to the Army, so you know, I never lived alone. First time alone was when I went in the Army, so you can say that my upbringing was because, you know, in the Army, I learned, you know, a lot of hard work. When they tell you, “Clean the latrine,” you clean the latrine and make sure that it shines when you get outta there. You don’t want to have no complaints, and that’s always been my motto. When I do something, I make sure that I clean 43 �after myself. I keep it clean. Right now, when we’re together, Maria and I, I’m always washing because I like, you know, keeping things clean. It may be two cups only, but [00:54:00] you know, I’ll make sure that they’re clean and put ’em away. So it’s a habit that you learn, and I always carry myself that way. When I do things, I do it the right way. I’m not gonna do a sloppy job, and that’s it. So we got married, and hey, it’s been 51 years. JJ: Congratulations. WA: Fifty-one years, yeah. And of course, the product that we have raised are beautiful. (laughs) And they’re all smart, and they have a good head on their shoulders. And it’s because, you know, I always said that, “You gotta go to school, you know. You wanna be somebody? You gotta do your job and do the best you can, whatever you are. You wanna be a garbage man or whatever? You make sure that you’re the best there is because that’s the way it is, you know?” JJ: What’s the best thing that you liked about growing up there in that neighborhood? WA: [00:55:00] The neighborhoods that I grew up in? JJ: Well, yeah, the neighborhood -- WA: Chicago? JJ: Yeah, Chicago Avenue and -- WA: Well, I’ve always lived in a nice neighborhood, I’ll be honest. I never lived on Chicago Avenue, you know? I always lived north. Like I said, my first apartment was in Wrigleyville on Southport and Addison, 1341. That was my first 44 �apartment. My second apartment was 3624 North Wayne a half a block north of Addison and a half a block east of Southport. JJ: So you were living in Lake View? WA: Lake View area, yeah, always. JJ: Okay. But I meant in Lincoln Park. WA: Not Lake View area. That’s -- P1: No, that’s right. WA: -- Wrigleyville. JJ: Wrigleyville. P1: More like -- WA: Wrigley, yeah. JJ: That must’ve been somewhere just -- P1: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) WA: Lake View, yeah. JJ: But I meant in Lincoln Park, what was the -- WA: In Lincoln Park when I -- JJ: What do you remember about Lincoln? WA: Oh, Lincoln Park’s been a beautiful park. It’s always been a nice park. It’s -- JJ: I mean the neighborhood. WA: [00:56:00] The neighborhood’s always been nice. It’s not a bad neighborhood. I mean, you had how many Puerto Ricans on Wieland Road, Irish -- JJ: On Wieland? WA: Wieland, yeah. 45 �JJ: So did you always live around Puerto Ricans when you were there? WA: Yeah, my neighbors were Puerto Rican. JJ: So, I mean, there was a lot of Puerto Ricans around you? WA: Not when I -- see, when I got my first home that I bought -- JJ: I’m putting stuff in your head. I don’t want to do that. WA: No, the first home I bought was my second move. We moved from that apartment that I got when I came out of the Army into this home rented, okay? This was in ’68 that we moved to that house. Sixty-eight or ’69? Sixty-eight. And Maria went first before me and talked to the landlord or the owner of the house ’cause they had the apartment for rent, and [00:57:00] she said that she wanted to move there. And then Maria went and talked to the lady. “Oh, yes, I’m gonna bring my husband in the evening.” So I came with her, and when she saw me, (laughs) she said, “A little bit darker than...” And I -- JJ: Something about you being Black? WA: Yeah, well, you know, Puerto Rican. JJ: They didn’t like that? WA: Well, her sister has a building in your neighborhood. JJ: Who’s that? WA: The Germans, Streitenfeld. Her sister had a building on Dickens -- MA: Halsted. WA: -- and Halsted right in that area. JJ: Oh, they had the -- 46 �WA: Oh, you know, and that’s all Puerto Ricans around there at that time. And oh, she was so upset that, “These people are so dirty and [cockroaches?].” I said, “Well, listen, ma’am. I’m only a half a block away from here. Go check our apartment. See how it is. We’ve been there already for a year, you know, [00:58:00] living there.” JJ: So you just talked bad about my neighborhood. (laughter) WA: Yeah, well -- JJ: But anyway, at this point -- WA: -- ’cause she thought that I was that type of a person. Right away, you know, they brand you by the neighborhood. MA: On my own, [they didn’t happen?], and they were very nice. JJ: Oh, they [were good to you?]? WA: They brand you in a minute, you know, but what happened is they did rent to us, you know. JJ: So you told them, “I don’t live with those people”? MA: No. WA: No, it's not that. I want you to -- JJ: But you let ’em know at that time. WA: Yeah, and you know what? MA: [It had started?] -- WA: You can say what you want. I said, “But, you know, we’re not those type of people. You can see my apartment, how my wife and I keep our house. And we --” 47 �JJ: Yeah, ’cause that’s the -- WA: “-- have a little girl already, Melissa.” So they didn’t even come to see the apartment. They just took my word for it. JJ: And they took your word for it. MA: [And that’s what they wanted?]. (laughs) WA: And I told them that I worked in, you know, the clothing store and all that. JJ: You know, the reason I say that is because that actually happened to me. You know, I went, and they told [00:59:00] me they had an apartment. And then when I got and brought my mother, then she said, “No, the apartment is rented,” because maybe they don’t [allow that?]. And they said it was okay, but then when I brought my mother -- WA: “She’s like me.” (laughter) So that’s what happened with Maria -- JJ: You know how -- WA: -- but you know what’s nice about it? JJ: So was that going on? MA: Oh, sure. WA: Oh, sure, it happened. She right away said, “Oh, no,” and she started telling me the story about her sister with the building in Halsted. And I said, “I want you to know that I graduated from Walter High School, you know? And yes, there is people like that in that area, but I’m not like that. And you don’t have to believe me, but you can go to our apartment if you want to check references.” And we wound up getting the apartment, so we rented that apartment. And the first winter -- the owner used to come and clean the snow and everything. But then 48 �[01:00:00] what happened is that whenever it snowed, I would get up in the morning early and clean up the side. I’d clean up the front ’cause I didn’t want Maria and the baby to fall or something going down the stairs. So every time he came, the place was clean already, you know. Two years later, he decided he wants to sell the house, so he says, “Yeah, I’m thinking of selling the house.” But in the meantime, he lived on Lawrence and Hamlin. JJ: And Hamlin? WA: Lawrence and Hamlin, a corner home. Real nice home, and he invited us for dinner, so we went to have dinner at his house. So we talked, and we made the deal on the house. And at that time, you know, Maria and both worked, and we had like 5000 dollars saved. So I told him, “Well, I got 5000 dollars that I can put down, and I’ll see if I can get the bank to [01:01:00] give me the...” At that time, the house was 21,300 dollars, so he says to me, “I’ll tell you what. I’ll give you a personal loan for three years for 5000 dollars more.” So now, I got 10,000 dollars to put down on the house, and I only had to finance 13,000 dollars on that house. Double lots. Bought that house; we made the deal. I paid 171 dollars mortgage a month. I used to make 230 dollars in rent from the two apartments downstairs. MA: Those were the days, man. WA: Oil heat, 18 cents a gallon, but I used to clean the furnace myself. I used to do everything. I would come out blacker than the shirt you have on, you know, because when you’re with all the carbon and all that stuff, my face and everything was, you know... [01:02:00] And then I’m wearing gloves and a long 49 �sleeve sweater because otherwise, I’d really be -- and from that house, two years later, we bought another home. And I still kept that house, and I bought it on 5837 North Spaulding by Hollywood Park between Kedzie and Spaulding. So that’s my second home. Then, we sold that house, and we made a profit on it. In the meantime, we had a fire at the house on Wayne, and so the whole place had to be emptied. So what I did is I had the first floor opened up, you know, ’cause in the old days, they had small rooms. And the living room is small, the dining [01:03:00] room -- you know, so I knocked down walls inside the house, you know, ’cause the insurance gave me 30,000 bucks to do the work. And they put new windows and everything in it. I didn’t care about the money. The insurance is giving me money anyway, and I had, you know, the insurance that I paid. But they did everything the way we wanted it, so we moved back into the house there. JJ: And the house was located where? WA: Thirty-six 24 North Wayne. JJ: North Wayne, that’s right. WA: Mm-hmm. And then it came out that (Spanish) [01:03:34] Louis Sias and his brother had a building at 1409 West Byron, and they were gonna sell the building. So I bought that building from them, and I still kept the house there. This is in ’72, ’73, around there. And the building had three apartments because they had a basement apartment, and they [01:04:00] had the first and second floor. So I was getting rent from the building, so it pays itself. I didn’t have to pay 50 �too much, you know, and I bought it because I put her mother on one floor and I put my mother on the other floor. So I had my two -MA: Look out. WA: (laughs) Both of my moms -- MA: (Spanish). [01:04:20] JJ: (Spanish). [01:04:23] WA: So I had my two moms together, you know, and then the one apartment, I rented to this Dominican guy. He’s a CTA bus driver, so he picked up almost the tab for paying the mortgage on the building and everything because, you know, he had reasonable rent. And the area is a nice area, you know. And that building -- I sold it in 1998. I paid 115. We sold it for 400,000, but Uncle Sam killed me with the -- JJ: All the -- WA: -- tax, [01:05:00] so I said, “What are you gonna do?” But what happened after that is that before I sold the building, the store where I worked at, Gaslight, came up for sale. So I needed 50,000 bucks cash to buy half of the store. So since I already had fixed up the house on Wayne and lived there, the bus driver -- you know, I told him that, “I’m gonna need that apartment.” So I gave him two free months’ rent and, you know, said, “I’ll give you two months to move, and you don’t have to pay me anything.” And, you know, he was a nice guy. We had a good relationship, so he moved out, and I went in and I took that apartment. I sold my house on Wayne, and I got the 50,000 to buy Gaslight, that 50 percent. JJ: What year was this? 51 �WA: 1978. JJ: Seventy-eight? Okay. WA: Seventy-eight. JJ: And [01:06:00] you just got into the business of clothing? WA: Yeah, but I’ve been doing it all my life. JJ: But you were doing it all your life, so -- WA: Since high school, I’ve been doing this -- JJ: Yeah, you were selling it. WA: Yeah, selling and buying. JJ: But was Darwin connected with you at the time? WA: I had my stuff before (Spanish) [01:06:14] Darwin. JJ: Before him? WA: No, he was not connected with me at all. JJ: Okay, so he learned from you. I mean, he got connected with -- WA: No, he worked at Herb’s on North Avenue. He -- JJ: Oh, that’s right, Herb’s. WA: Oh, yeah, he worked for a long time also in the store. MA: And my brother worked for him. JJ: Oh, your dad worked for him? MA: No, my brother -- JJ: Oh, your brother. MA: -- worked for Darwin. JJ: For Darwin? 52 �MA: I don’t know if you know him. Alan or Bob used to work there. WA: Yeah, he worked with Tony. JJ: I meant that one, then, ’cause he had it there on Clark Street, didn’t he? MA: Yeah, Taurus. WA: It used to be The Windjammer -- MA: And then Taurus. WA: Yeah, but Taurus was his business when he opened it. But he worked at Herb’s, and they moved to Belmont in Central Park. JJ: Oh, Central Park, [01:07:00] okay. WA: And it became The Windjammer at that time, the store. JJ: But they have one on Clark Street, don’t they now? WA: Huh? JJ: It was on Clark Street? WA: No. JJ: Or was it -- MA: Maybe he worked there? WA: No, The Windjammer was on North Avenue. JJ: I’m trying to figure out -- then he must’ve worked for somebody. Okay, but -- WA: Yeah, he worked on North Avenue. When he was in high school, he was working for Herb. JJ: You mentioned North Avenue, but I’m saying I saw him around Clark Street or something like that. 53 �WA: Well, yeah, ’cause that’s when he opened up his own store. It was on Broadway, though. JJ: On Broadway. WA: It was on Broadway, yeah. JJ: It was Broadway, yeah. WA: Yeah, just north of Diversey. JJ: Yeah, north of Diversey. WA: Twenty-nine Hundred North on Diversey. JJ: Yeah, that’s where I saw him. WA: He had -- JJ: So that was his store. WA: Yeah, Tauru, T-A-U-R-U. MA: Yeah, Tauru. WA: Yeah, actually, that’s his month that he was born, a Taurus. MA: His birth sign. WA: His birth sign, yeah, Taurus. JJ: A Taurus? MA: Mm-hmm. WA: Yeah. But no, in ’78, I was a pioneer -- JJ: But he went to your group? I mean, you were all friends. You grew up together in Lincoln -- WA: I taught him how to ride [01:08:00] a bicycle. JJ: You taught him how to ride a bicycle? 54 �WA: At Ogden. Him and I both went to Ogden School. JJ: So you lived in the same block? WA: No, he lived by -- JJ: But you went to the same school? WA: Yeah, we went to the same school, but he lived more by Chicago Avenue. I was by Division and -- JJ: Oh, he lived by Chicago Avenue? WA: Yeah. JJ: Okay, I get it. WA: So, you know, yeah, I taught him how to ride a bicycle. But, you know, we’ve always been -- you know, growing up in -- JJ: Did he hang out at Halsten and Dickens? WA: Huh? JJ: Did Darwin hang out at Halsten and Dickens? WA: Oh, sure, he’d hang out wherever he wanted, that guy. JJ: He was one of those peoples that I don’t know. WA: Yeah, he’d hang out all over. JJ: I don’t know him, okay? (laughter) WA: But no, I kept most of my friends who are still, you know, there. You know, but that’s what happened in ’78, and then we had a contract that if anything happened to him, his wife would have to sell me the other percentage. And if [01:09:00] something happened to me, she had to sell back to him whatever, you know -- but he passed away in ’82. And then I bought out the balance of the 55 �store in ’83, and that’s it. But I’ve been running the store since ’78 by myself. He bought a motel in Florida. JJ: Okay. That’s where he’s at right now? WA: No, he’s six feet under. JJ: Oh, that’s right. He’s dead. WA: He died in ’83, yeah. But his son had the motel, and they sold it. They got rid of it, you know, but he lives in Florida. His son’s still alive. He’s 65 now. JJ: And you kind of retired now. You’re just -- WA: I retired in ’07. JJ: In ’07? Okay. WA: Yeah, 10 years already, I’ve been retired. Actually, it’s gonna be -- JJ: So what are you doing now in your retirement? WA: Nothing. I mean, when you retire -- JJ: Okay, well -- WA: I’ll tell you what I do. JJ: Fishing or anything -- you don’t fish, or...? WA: I don’t fish, no. That’s a boring -- JJ: That’s boring for you. MA: For him. WA: I play golf. JJ: Oh, you [01:10:00] play golf. WA: I play golf, yeah. That, I do. JJ: I don’t know anything about that. 56 �WA: Yeah, I play golf. JJ: Okay. I got friends that play that. I just don’t know anything about that. WA: Yeah, see, I picked that up also early in life. I picked it up in the ’60s or early ’70s. I mean, I stopped playing baseball in ’71. That’s when I started picking up golf, when I stopped playing baseball, because now, you know, I had the full-time job at the store and I couldn’t. The salesmans used to take me out, and I would, you know, play golf with them and all that, so yeah. JJ: Okay, so let’s kind of go to kind of finish up the interview and that. What’s the main thing that you want people to remember about growing up or anything like that in Lincoln Park or -- you know, not, [01:11:00] you know, to remember you by, but that you think are important? WA: I don’t care what they remember me by. JJ: Anything that you think are important? WA: All I can tell you is that if you do things right all your life -- you’re gonna make mistakes here and there, but nothing that is critical. Mistakes can be remedied, and that’s no problem. But when you go into making mistakes that are astronomical, you know, I mean, it’s out of this world, then, well, you know... But if you think, especially young couples -- they get married and have kids, and then they’re father absentee or mother absentee, you know. You gotta be there for your kids always, no matter what. They’re never too old. You always gotta take care of your kids no matter what, and my bottom line is that. I don’t want my kids to take care of me. I wanna take care of them, you know. That’s the way it is. 57 �And educate because that’s the most important thing; [01:12:00] got to have an education. Doors open up when you’re educated. JJ: And what’s the most important -- what do you remember the most of Lincoln Park, the neighborhood? WA: The most I remember is the good times I had. It was great growing up in Lincoln Park, I’ll be honest with you. I had a good time playing ball, and people were nice. I cannot complain. People always say, you know, “If you’re nice, they’re nice.” I always smile for one reason: so I can give you a smile. When I give you a smile, I don’t care if I don’t even know the person. I always smile, and it’s, “Hi.” And then they’ll look at me, but they’ll smile, and that’s one thing I always take with me. I give you a smile, and I get a smile. (laughs) JJ: And no negative things -- WA: Nothing. JJ: -- about Lincoln Park? WA: Yeah, nothing. JJ: About Lincoln Park, the neighborhood. WA: No, that’s -- JJ: Nothing negative? WA: Nothing negative, nothing. JJ: All positive? Okay, thank you, I appreciate it. WA: No problem. JJ: Can I interview your [01:13:00] wife? WA: It’s up to her. 58 �MA: I’m not a very good -- END OF VIDEO FILE 59 � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5dfbcb05bd063405a9660ad4f0ded5d3.mp4 65358f16d0a987ec69228e665e53c849 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Young Lords in Lincoln Park Collection Subject The topic of the resource Young Lords (Organization) Puerto Ricans--United States Civil Rights--United States--History Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) Personal narratives Social justice Community activists--Illinois--Chicago Description An account of the resource Collection of oral history interviews and digitized materials documenting the history of the Young Lords Organization in Lincoln Park, Chicago. Interviews were conducted by Young Lords' founder, José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez, and documents were digitized from Mr. Jiménez' archives. The Young Lords in Lincoln Park collection grows out of the ongoing struggle for fair housing, self-determination, and human rights that was launched by Mr. José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez, founder of the Young Lords Movement. This project is dedicated to documenting the history of the displacement of Puerto Ricans, Mejicanos, other Latinos, and the poor from Lincoln Park, as well as the history of the Young Lords nationwide. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jiménez, José, 1948- Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/491">Young Lords in Lincoln Park collection (RHC-65)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-25 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng spa Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-65 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2012-2017 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Título Spanish language Title entry Wilfredo Aviles vídeo entrevista y biografía Descripción Spanish language Description entry La historia oral de Wilfredo Aviles, entrevistado por Jose 'Cha-Cha' Jimenez el 09/27/2018 acerca de los Young Lords en Lincoln Park. Sujetos Spanish language Subject terms Young Lords (Organización) Puertorriqueños--Estados Unidos Derechos civiles--Estados Unidos--Historia Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) Narrativas personales Justicia social Activistas comunitarios--Illinois--Chicago Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-65_Aviles_Wilfredo Title A name given to the resource Wilfredo Aviles video interview and transcript Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aviles, Wilfredo Description An account of the resource Oral history of Wilfredo Aviles, interviewed by Jose 'Cha-Cha' Jimenez, on 09/27/2018 about the Young Lords in Lincoln Park. Wilfredo Aviles was Born in Manati, Puerto Rico. He arrived in the US on July 1955 to Chicago, IL at Clark and Division Streets or La Clark Neighborhood. His Parents were Angelina Tirado Aviles & Sixto Aviles, and he has three siblings. He lived in old town/Lincoln Park for about 10 years, then moved to the Lake View area. His work experience included the U.S. Army, and retail in the family owned business, The Gaslight Men's Shop, and eventually became the owner (43 years). He retired in 2008. Wilfredo was also a civic leader. He was the first Latino President of Erie Family Health Center Board (2 years); Treasurer of the Puerto Rican Parade committee (5 years); Puerto Rican Chamber of Commerce- Treasurer (5 years); and the Chicago Avenue Business Association-President (5 years). He was a member of the Caballeros de San Juan. During his youth he belonged to one of the many sports clubs which often played baseball in Lincoln Park. A few times members of his group joined with other Puerto Rican youth to protect themselves from roving white ethnic gangs which had existed in Lincoln Park previous to Puerto Ricans arriving there. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jimenez, Jose, 1948- Subject The topic of the resource Young Lords (Organization) Puerto Ricans--United States Civil Rights--United States--History Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) Personal narratives Social justice Community activists--Illinois--Chicago Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Young Lords collection (RHC-65) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018-09-27 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e777127b68d69631f1d98bf65f65321f.pdf 01101a0ed6077b3bb198c983b5d0d5f7 PDF Text Text Managing the Township's Growth and Resources through the Year 2010 - r,..~ �FENTON CHARTIR T MASTER PLAN �I. IN I FICJl)tJCTIC)tf ra..,.. IL • • • • • • • • • .. • • .. .. • Plan. BACKGROUND STUDIES • l!xl8llng Davelapnrant ,,... . Papu •• ��Over 119 yaarl tl'9 FallM . . . . . . . ., . reaaon for 1h11 .-&h • ¥8dld and btllCII and hlCl'elllonal On>wli - . . . . . . . . . and ....... of the Job ...... County anc1 e11a . . . Ollllld8 ot Alnlmr n. .a Townahlp'l nNlldlnllll Nlllng 11k1 arlCI U11ban ...... ,. 110W1b ha8 C1111•1d null ,____ �orig11'81plMwada'NlapldfarFalDI ainnt nm 11e u D1p11tmaat ot .......,. orc:lnanoea - ......, - - . . . . ... SlnCa Nt • general Plllllllnll the Ccultr and many)'en. 1 .-,ia liownaND Beglnrllng In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., Hllnnllr, andaecllG8 AtilM-.. RlllllmlTIIIIIIII• ............... 1 ���enton Township is a rural, recreationally-oriented residential community of some 10.000 ople. The area should continue to service the demand for high quality reaidetllfat pportunities for the regional empJoyment centers. The numerous natural takes ptOYfde Ile opportunity for a very congenial residential environment. 9'1Y16NAW GOVNT'( ~CdUN"IV MONTROSE rwP □ CITY JF .VONTROSE □~0TIS'VU£ ������kI1 l !! 1 : I 9- I i- .. l I .. § -=----=- ������BACKGROUND STUDIES Between 1988 and 2008, MESC expects Genesee County to lose 3,240 jobs, a decrease of 2.3%. The largest decline will be noted in the manufacturing sector, with a loss of 6,500 jobs. An increase of 2, 1oo service jobs is anticipated in the 10-year period. The study area will outperform the rest of Genesee County, experiencing an increase of 8,022 jobs, or a growth rate of 24.4%. Service industries will produce 4,290 of the new jobs, while 1,393 retail jobs will also be added. Employment losses in the City of Flint and o:her parts of the country will more than offset employment Increases in the study area, producing the overall decline for Genese·e County. Between 1988 and 2008, the share of County employment located In the study area will increase from 23.6 % to 30%. Employment projections for the County show total employment rising slightly (1,000 jobs) over the next twenty years while population levels should increase by nearly 36,000 people. Several segments of the employment spectrum should stabilize or decrease slightly including farm employment, agricultural services, mining, construction, transportation communications and utilities and governmental employment. However, the most significant change, already alluded to in the Bllnton Study, will be the reduction in manufacturing employment (nearly 15,000 jobs) and the resultant increase In retail and service-related employment. Figure 5 charts these projected changes within the Genesee County employment sectors. Fenton Charter Township Page 16 �BACKGROUND STUDIES Figure 5 Genesee Cowuy Employment Trends (1970 - 2010) 70000 Finance, Insurance, Real Estate and Services 60000 Retall Trade .c "' Manufacturing ....... 0 0 .8 40000 g z 30000 20000 Government 10000 Transportation, Communication, utilities • Wholesale Trade Ag. Services, Mining and Construction o~----,-.------,--....----,..-~----1 1990 2000 1910 1980 Y• FeAtOn charier Townih1p 2010 Source: Woods & Pool. Inc. 1990. Agriculture ��---- Map) alllOldbg W&INIIRld t,/ the SOIi Map (Map 1) - - - · -. . .I to hfgll01ganiOCOlllld .,..d ...........lllllntlllllllll911111 I! ��i) -- , 411 ✓ • -·~ ::a I , --- . I-· ) ��...... 4 .. I , , . ;.( 'n.. -ci n 1 • r ·-...J ~( 11! \......_ _ _ ,..-....... I • ETLANDS A ... ������. . . . . . . . . . .1• - • IDWlld a CDhllMllbalil¥a - - • ■1111-llff ..... « ............. fOllowlngMapL �LAK * TE Pultllo MC. . . HE �TABLE I ILUOR FENT0H TOWNSHIP LAKES ..... __ Ula~ .......... Llllal.-vl.Jl Dllat'LIM ........ ...... WataalNld (.AcrN) 1137 .... ...... ...... SUlfaal Araa(AaalO 845 Ellnllall Pl. (1111.) 174 Lqlh (IIIN) 14.53 Waterahed Shorallne Develoement Wettand.l Wellllndl v....a ~ Conwnercla1' lndualrlal Commercial (l.t.) local Undewloped (IJ.) flNldentlal (llouelng) (U.) (Percent) Vacant (Acrea) 5800 l57000 3900 76700 7.6 482.73 112059 33.97 2380 220 29.7 72.20 41.48 (1) 3700 0.00 (25) 5340 0 7500 28.8 7.96 56.85 0.38 0 5540 30.7 49.86 81.64 2.42 0 16840 34.4 304.94 284.71 0.54 1600 59200 48.5 1155.39 344.24 10.99 Publlc (Acres) (AcrN) (645) 114 16 30 14 174 870 0.70 1.42 1100 · 2180 (34) 134 . 28 l70 1.05 1700 3840 (37) , 870 1511 480 889 680 252 889 7.56 13320 26280 (183) 300 39900 33.4 311.33 367.59 · 0.99 617 152 878 2.43 n40 neo 0 15500 49.9 462.80 154.12 0.00 ....... ....... 198 134 889 2.61 1000 12800 (119) 0 13800 7.2 143.69 53.39 1.10 213 25 114 0.67 3520 0 (0) 0 3520 100.0 18857 2451 0 90 12 874 0.61 1000 2240 (15) 0 3240 30.9 c.ladLIM 300 IO 841 2.95 6520 9080 (64) 0 15600 41.8 90 12 851 0.81 3180 1080 (4) 0 4260 74.6 - 274 1837 24fll - 50.24 81,540 1m40 6020 265300 30.7 uuPCIMmlll ....... ....... ......... ..,.Lace ... 590 3.19 5800 11040 (80) 11.21 28700 28900 (330) (72) ���--- IIIIJlC J J , I ' I I I • I I I ��BACKGROUND STUDIES LAND USE For discussion purposes, the Township consists of two areas, the lake communities and rural Fenton Township. Throughout the 1920's and 1930's small vacation home developments began to ring the major lakes In Fenton Township. Since the early 1950's the vacation homes have been converted to year-round residences. This development trend continued over the next forty years until the existing lake frontage has been nearly completely developed. Residential growth was largely the result of employment opportunities In the Flint areL The vast majority of the lake front homes are now year-round residences. Lake shore development has often altered the shoreline by creating marina Inlets and canals to expand the lake frontage as evidenced by the Wenwood. Golden Shores and Ponemah Gardens developments. Small lake community commercial centers have developed along Fenton Road, Long Lake Road and Sliver Lake Road. Residential densities within the lake communities average three to four dwellings per net acre or that which Is expected In normal single-family urban settings. This density can only be supported by pubHc sanitary sewer service. Otherwise, the water quality of the lakes wo deterlora18. Awai Fenton Township la characl8t'tzed by larger, 111-aawerad l'88ldenlllll _.._.._ modei* sized farms and orchards with a scattertng of 8lables and equl8trlan training community supports two golf oourl88 and one privat8 airport. Tbe U.S. 23 has a18o had a pronounced eflact upon land patl8ml. TIie u.s 23/1rlalllllllllft Road lnterdlanges creal8d mixed wrnrne,dll and .....,. CC>fflCIII' Raad In aectlonl 2 and 3 cr-...s 1imnllhlll �FENTON CHARTER TOWNSHF' LAND USE INVENTORY (1990) .... 2 3 ' 5 • TGlal AIN Vacant AnNI Resldendal Use Commaroial Use 812 574 617 633 394 217 230 150 282 257 211 255 295 181 0.5 7.0 82.0 5.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 9.0 11.0 0.5 0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 1.9 15.0 5.0 25.0 0.0 13.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 182.0 661 817 802 613 668 664 314 482 548 'l87 480 507 634 528 312 482 483 276 284 181 674 542 468 187 230 339 267 392 404 347 318 475 425 91 296 251 81 100 444 342 448 155 397 316 155 110 73 438 184 339 54 205 154 294 159 368 63 32 80 73 85 129 97 139 75 136 68 540 122 383 290 113 89 156 232 15..184 9.081 4.880 577 Industrial Use 0 67 25 79 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Public Use Number of Units n 83 30 0 36 8 0 3.19 0.88 2.99 1.65 4.35 5.55 5.55 3.51 2.96 0.96 0.48 3.35 1.22 0.36 1.37 0.58 2.47 5.32 2.81 1.44 0.36 0.82 3.47 0.89 0.86 0.83 0.55 3.31 1.21 0.73 1.21 0 40 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 9 0 3 27 11 0 160 0 262 54 79 53 39 47 80 50 71 423 51 242 447 268 107 13 20 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 277 0 0 0 0 59 402 119 61 62 159 82 206 27 129 315 203 858 4,034 0 Residential Density 8 �������BACKGROUND the northeast portion of the Township. Map 10 shows a two-mile tire service ndll8 • a general Indicator of fire service adequacy. Library - The Genesee District Library System operates two branches In the Fenton Community; one In the City of Linden, the other In the City of Fenton. The books and staffing for both Is financed by a county-wide mlflage. The local community must S1ipp0rt the buldlng, grounds, maintenance and utilltles for the faclllty. No Fenton Township general fUnds ant Ul8d to support the library building, yet a large portion of the library patrons are Township residents. Parka and Recreation A recreational land and faclllty Inventory Includes private parks subdM8lonl. prlval8 courses, gun clubs, state, schoOI district. and county lands as we as Townsh propet1las. A complete Inventory Includes over 630 acres of land. Of this total, 381 acres are golf course or private park and the balance Is pubDc lands. Table 11 shows a complete lnventofy of each tacility. �FaplHty Lake Fenton School �Applying recognized state and national recreallonal alandaldl to a comnu1 misleading. The following standards show a present need for two tennis court. 18 addlllonal pia1ic tables and one basketball court. By the year 2000 with a maximum growth scenario of 17,400 popdatlon the need would inaease to: 3 tennis courts. one pool, 4 playgrounds. 67 picnic tables, two basketball courts, and two baUflelds. The school systems within the Township are all experiencing a laCk of avaDab1e apaae for recreational programs. Adult recreation softball, baake1ball. and volleyball Is llrrllted. a result, recreation for informal league play as wel as Indoor racna1ion facilltles wl be needed as population growth contlnueS. �BACKGROUND STUDIES Table 12 Fenton Township Recreational lnwntory. 1990 and State Rea Ntlonal Standarde Township lnv1ntorv 11@m Tennis Courts Outdoor Pool Soocer Field Sledclng Hill Shotgun Range Playgrounds Picnic Tables Ice Rink (outdoor) Ice Rink (Indoor) Golf Course Bicycle Trajl Ba.,ketbaJICourt Ballfield Archery Range local Park Land 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 5 Fenton &II 1 0 0 1 2 2 30 0 0 2 0 1 4 0 630 Township 0emu 2.5 0.25 .50 0.25 0 3 50 0 00.50 0.40 0.25 mlle8 2 3 0 100 Need .!ill m2Q 2 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 4 87 0 0 0 .25 mlles 1 0 0 0 0.44 2 2 0 0 Based upon the following atlonal Recreation and Palk As8oclatloft standards. JP8 of Opportunity NRPA Standards 10/1,000 1150,000 1/5000 1 ,000 Plan Standald(llpop.) 10/1,000 t 008 1 �BACKGROUND STUDIES swnmary of Findings Analysis of demographic, economic, environmental and land use data has derived the foRowlng conclusions: 1. Fenton Township has experienced a 44% population growth since 1960. 2. The populace Is wealthier, more educated, and the housing stock Is of better quality now than in 1980 and In comparison to the balance of Genesee county. 3. While employment opportunities have expanded within the Township, most residents work - outside of the Townshlp. 4. Higher density residential development Is locat8d on and around the seventeen natural lakes. 5. Public sanitary sewers service nearly all of the lake residential devetopment 6. Commercial development Is dispersed and lacks a central ldenllfylng location. 7. Wetlands and other soils Umttattons have Influenced and wll continue to llmlt tututa residential growth. 8. At11ve fanning operations are ~ t tor pr888rvll'IQ . - apace and townaNp Identity. 9. Flasidantlal development II prlmlUIIY lakl 10. Lake waler quallty devalopmert. �BACKGROUND STUDIES 13. The number of households by the year 2000 should range between 4,500 and 6,000 dwellings. There are presently approximately 4,000 dwellings In 1he Township. ��GOALS,OBJECTIVES,PO In terms relevant to community planning, goals, objectives and policies give a Master Plan the litllosophical guidance it needs to address the present issues and advance plans Into the future. They are defined as follows: Goals are overall broad statements that provide a focus for future discussions. Objectives are more specific statements of a means to attai1 the goal statement. Pollcl are very specific. acllon-ortentad statements that would he_, achieve the goals and objectives. Polley statements would provide Justification to revise or draft new ordinances or regulations or finance specific capital improvements. goals and objectives were developed during work sessions which focused on local !Qnnlng Issues and established a purpose of the Master Plll1 The goal s1a18mentS wera derived from a statement of purpose and are expreaaed • communfly planning goal Slatamenta. The goals (or purposes) provide o general Q11 11t11lflll'!III for master planning efforts. ~es. developed separately from the goals. are a of ..... 1881118d and an11111111111 llldar each goal (purpose) statement. The and COffl&DC)ldtm otlkd1V81 R below. �GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POUQES GOAL 1. Maintain the resldentlal quallty of Fenton Township. Objedives a Promote quality single-family housing, in a low and moderate density and maintain the rural character of the community. Provide sufficient open space to serve each dwelling unit either through generous yard spaces or common open space areas. c. Preserve the off-lake areas of the Township for larger lot. agricultural and open space residential uses. Plan medium and high density residential development In specific areas property served With public and/or private utilities and adequate Ingress and egress. e. Encourage a high percentage of home ownership and permanent housing types. f. Separate sJngle-tamlly and multiple-family resldentlal areas from non-resJdentlal U888. g. Provide an alternative to continued sprawl and loss of farmlands by encouraging cluster development In low and medium density areas and take advantage of natural tan'aln vistas and rolling topography In permJttlng such development to occur. h. Encourage additional hou8lng opportunities for senior cillzens. L The acceptabltt population for the li,..natlln 10 wffl be and 16,000. A pop dalon 111111111111 burdens on T-rlatllp roads Aftlji1M1111111111111 ,... .nv 1W11111Un.idlldll1i0Wlllhl) 12,500 place . . . . . �GOALS, 08JEC11VEB. GOAL 2. Provide necessary township commerclal IIMC8I while reta1 resldentlaJ character. a Discourage spot and marginal strip commercial development b. Provide locations for attractive local shopping with adequate spacing throughout the Township to serve expected needs for many years. c. Plan for commercial uses where there existing or projected support population, or where there will be adequate draw from the highway trade na. d. Place commercial uses at locations of easy access where Ingress and egress impede traffic flow. e. Allow local commerclal development only In planned areaa to avoid epot and locations. GOAL 3. Allow pproprtate or high l8Ch employment L Maximize the uee of avalllable lranlll)OIIIIIOII faclllll 01nau1trta1 b. C. not to provide IIIC-IIIIY �GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES I. Set aside land adequate to provide an employment base for the residents of the Township. GOAL 4. Provide for the sate and efficient movement of people and gooda within the Town hip. a Plan a network of road connections to complete the major and secondary road systems of the Township. b. Correct existing road paving Inadequacies (partlcularly unsafe areas). c. Monitor traffic volumes and correct roads which are functioning beyond safe operating capacity. GOAL 5. Preaerve the envlronmentaJ q lty and 11a11.... l Maintain or Improve the water quality of lak88 aid b. Minmtze the overcrowdng of lake 81981 through land conrol. d. t IINIOl.llal of tlw and Townehlp. ��IIASTER PLAN A Master Plan is a statement of community public policy. It Is a description of community aspirations and the ·road-map• toward the attainment of the Idealized Fenton Char18r Township. The goal and objective statements provide the phllosophlcal basis for the plan and the background studies become Ill factual basis. The plan atlampts to present a strategy to allocate scarce public financial resources toward the attainment of stated publlc policies. Thus, the Plan becomes a series of rational choices al1'()rlg many reasonable allematlves. The Master Plan for the Charter Township of Fenton contatna a land use plan, a natural resources plan, a parks and recreallon plan, a comrnuntty facltlel plan, a transpOrtatlon plan, and a housing plan. land Use or alt8mallve land i a stiategles u wel • Input racelved from the studies, pollclea and citizen quealonAalr8, a land concept PB' can be The concept plan (Map 11) roughl)- recorrmendl cortClfUII aid thesl Based upon the analysls background developed. areas. The concept land uses are clvldad Into vartous sub-zones. TI18S8 u,.zonea • follows: I. Service Corl1dol8 IL Ill. Lake R8111d8111111 �r • ..., !I ~I } ·----ti J- Map 11 CONCEPT PLAN Service Corridor II Ill a. Thompson b. N. Long Lake Rural / Agriculture Lake Realdentlal FENTON CHARTER TOWNSHIP c. Fenton ~=r----== ............... _.,...,.-.-. ._. nri.......J. II ��Figure 7 FENTON CHARTER TOWNSHIP SUB-PLANNING ZONE - STRATEGIES SUI ZONE 1 SERVICE CORRIDOR -ZCNE2 RURAL AGRICULTURE u... AlllfflalML,ndUIN Altemdve Lad o Residential • Medium Density ProfasaionalJOff High Tech Businea 0 0 ~Agricuftln Aelidlnlilll • l.Ollf DenlitV o Pd I Open Space Commercial - Local Commercial - H"1iway Commercial o lndullrial Alllmadve 11--a■IINIII Slrataga Alllmatlve llanqs ■ 1111 . . . . . . . • W8llandlld - Sol EIOlian Conni Id - Floodplain Allgullllonl enta.08ii..,, of sm, bw• • W.U.ldakA • Sol En.Ion Con1r01 kA • Floodplain Regulallona ~ of Colf!ty Hewth Dept Enloamlnt of s.a llGilfation SUI ZONE I LAKE RESIDENTIAL Alllmallve Land 0 0 ~Agricutan Reeidential • Low Denaity - Medium Denlily o Parka I Open Space Alllrnadve ........................ Enlorcament of M Lt4◄;dan . ':.',_ldlM - FlnNlnd Pr-..ullian • Sall!lallonCcdrdld. llllarll • F wallDII . . . afCaunlVHNli\Oepf. fl'&' -Sa,aielllldl - Well - A of County He!IJ Dept. • Wells 1.oca1 zm - Land-■ ...--­ • I.and ... niguladana lotllze& ...... • tteight • Sign conrai u.- . 1.at••---• Height . Galt• l!d■ 11 ►-....-. - Qlara:.:plMUIII · LandlM . . . . . . Lotlilel...,.._ .· ...._ ��E AGRICULnJRI! SPACEPRESl!RV~ RURAL RESK>EN11AL: UIIBANl8UBUR �IIASTEII LIGHT INDUSTRIAL: HIGH TECH INDUSTRIAL: Manufacturing, light assembly, warehou&lng facllllas and outdoor storage yards lncluclng the aaacdat8d parkJng . . . and ancma,y amnlnlBtrallve offlol Ptmllc ulllly office buildngs and subltallOn8 . . Included In 1h18 categOry. Umlled lndullrlal ac11vtty areas lhat tlexlJlllY In atandald8 to allow for research and ctewloprnant. office use and sales activllles tn conjll1Ctlon with light assembly and warehousing. ����. . Non-realdential ..... nm an olherwla6 a111act1ve 111aa1nn1. Mordar to lfflflllall'l,allll be adoplad. appllad 1D al OOIIIIMlrall 1) Develop . . . . .ell alllamMN1111. ����w,&llng the surtace ,oots. This change ...,. lmffl8dlatelY groundW8l8r. W'ellendl urban runoff. �Lake Management Fenton Township lakes can be claSSffled as meec,trophlc. The laka8 do 8hoW eutrophlcatlon, or the accumulation of nutrtenta In the wal8r and lake botlOffl IIIClldallll ._.,.. produce Increasing amounts of aquatic planlS. The L-oaaaed fk.lltllntl clarity and quality of the water. However, swlmmlnQ and boallnG can problems and conditions have lmprOY8d with the 11llltalafl0n of Ile I be 8lljDy9d wllNlUl aewer ayatllffl&. lmpactS of developm8flt within 1h11 lak8 .-,ahed haV8 lnCnl•ld .....,.... and - levels, which In turn haY8 lna'98lld plant growth and dl08111d waler uumllY• over extended period of time, all the lak89 haV8 In wllh aeclm8l1t and ..,....., at1lftillill marshes and wetlands- Waterlhed deV8IOPffl8l1l merelY acceleral8S the natutal pn,ol88 of eutrophlcatlon. What would haY8 takeh possl>IY tenS of tt,ousandl of years to compete, may take only a few hundred years with unch8Ck8d u,banlzatlon The thirteen mal« lak88 1n Fentan Tow111111p have _,.,. conwnon faCIDfS. arty total abS8nC8 of lndUl(IIII - - - 11an one percent (80 . , . , Ul8d for commerdal or lndt,11111111 t:IIIDOIII and there peroent (45 iCAIS) watersheds {Ponemah and ~ waldaedl 18 served by publlC sanitary sewers or sewer ~ areas. ThU8, any ..-ca of pollullon or AH urban develoPffl8rlt tervtce can easlY be acllllltclld OIII apecl8I source •point sourer, rathat sadlm8A19, Mltrlent leY8IS dOII - • • fll0hlnG l'8 1akal originate nm an1ffla1 feed • and •• .-na-. road and sawn fef1111zer8• ._.... out genend seaa ot concam areas of miner madelal9 'kllliflldolMI and ..,...,_ are llsted a followS. • fflllor �Existing Land Use. The actlvttieS wHhln the entire wal8f1hed do affeCt lake waler qually I the watershed Is over seventy percent deWIOpld, 118 amount of "'1J8MOUS areal creatad by roofs, pavement and parking lots, and the aasodal8d runoff II a major ooncam. Mudelale concern Is Indicated for watersheds rangk1{, betW9en 50 and 70 percent tJevelOped. concern Is expressed for thOS8 watarShld wllh 111111 lftJ percant ~ 1111t.1mlll• has con!IPlatiw •uatr!ICI Shoreline Development. oevek)pm81'1t of.,,, the shoreline configuration and ves,etatlOII• Welllr1dl oll8n 819 tied and lawn tert!ll8• road salts from the streets and flOW dlrecllY the lake. Lak8S wllh ahOrlllrll8 ~ that are greater than 70 percent dlWlaPld of 1111P CIIN)IIIIL $llarllW ranging 50 Ill 70 percent dav9IOP8d 819 of n,odllnll8 . - ; and al,ONln8II 181a than 50 p.,c.-il developed are of minor COi IC8ffl. Shoreline Wetlands. ccn,,a,aaly, 1111188 wlll ~ amounlS of ahOralna wellaJlds . . a concern since Iha c1SnJP11an of . . . . . _. dllllllbllD 111& shorellM claa'8- lie natural fillration of alllffll,illlll runQll dlll8 llr ......._ and dac:niaa nalUnll hablllll !or bird, fish and mammal p i ~ 1... lL . . . . . . . .. . 1t8I 70 percent wellandB ate of major concern; 50 70 .,__. • - • of a modetal8 COflCll"l'I. and than 50% .,. a minor concern. Contributing Ryngff - • .11.-i.-• no runoff from other lak8 watarsMdSindependllffl of the Crookad, Loon, would be for a nalghbortnll chamll ... ..., 181181 Buc:lmlJN, 1111 They are a,,an. Pina, ~ - Pat1B. 11118 ce11gaqr o1 mnar concem. con:em ..-...-.11111n___ cannacaon betW88II theS8 llk88 and the oll8r IMIII .. aannealld 11r . i _ . bo111 0111¥ nlOllenlllt a,nlllbullr',I runoff . . . . ftllOft from other lake8 wllhfn and oul8lde•the lhn,ugh Lak8 Ponemah TlluS, watw quality flellfl oullkle the lake watershed. �13 LAKE WA1USHED • 0 0 • 0 0 I I I I I • 0 I I I I I 0 0 '• • • I • 0 • Dollar :rRIX 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 • I • • • 0 • '• • 0 0 I • • 0 0 0 0 I 0 0 • 0 0 �Stormwater. Water quality of water surface area is more 801'1/h kAl•IG large watersheds. Pine and their relatlvely smal wat.,.,NICil as moderate concern. Five categorleS of the - lakes. Their authority is ~ VIIV s. A 14 on the dMIIKI . . . . . . . - - - · · · ,. . . . �----Nlll1' ...........-o1......... ............. .... LuNorStrNffl8 ~Ml.P.A.1ffl Inland .............. Id Senaltlve Solla Woodlanda ��Avoid disruption of 0 sensfflY8 sollS or h pllC8ffl8'1I o f ~ .,.. containing sensitive soRs- Steep Slopes o Reier to the Land capeblllr,.. lilld SMPSIOPN Ml!P niga,dnll OIB lacafoll of slope8 over 12%. 0 Avoid dlsnJpllol'I of containing steeP alOPI'· 0 Where necessatY, .,.... been issued- • ErOI\IOft Pennlt Ad 347 P.A. 1970 haS ����P'OYide a 1'888MI oapactty for JQfetred population size NIIIIIIIINI year 2010. The Townah~ -■ between 2,500 and 5,000 lncluclngthe of-way. Thia right hllen1lal factDr' In dallllllllnl. . c:ommuntty COUid primary county roadl - · ~ detannlne WIIIIIR lownahlp road , . .. . . . . following polclee ~ comm~ 1) 2) �������.. 2) Residential subdivisions shall provide innOValve, cempact ,. -i18111ll'IIIIIII...._ public Infrastructure costs. Housing Polley: To continue a strong building code entorcemeRt ~ wM:11 1) Ensure continuity of existing nelghbatbOOd quail)', 2) Allow the conversion of ~ Y8C1111nn ....., housing. Housing Polley: To preserw aalMI fam'll. aalllllla new residential growth In aeware& tak6 ....__. .,.. 1) Encourage large tot alzN ID Plan Map. 2) encourage 18108 tat 111111 Iii Lakefront and units wm ~ _.. - -=--k .- :· _:::-1 �All stormwater ahal be ...,...,.,. f8tlllned IO Iller ~ tldllnarlL Aocess to pubic roads lbaUld be pnwillN. ,,,....,,. IMIII •- - · paved county prtmary ,oat Lake ___ access shOUld be llfflll8d. A management plan ----- ,_.,....., .,_.,1 - - ..,._ This ma, MClltCM a ·Clflell!III!-....,... nutrients do not . . tree zone. Total I ~ . . . . . . . . raofl. sld8Wallll. l8J8l8S and parkin;g 181a shoUld be llrnllad • .-, • ht total sft8 ~ or speaiflC measures be taken to deCr88l8 . . ....,. ~ areas of the mats. parkinl • and 1re Ilka. the.-........ WIii _ . at row teet above ,.. . . . - level. - - ,... . . 40% C)f - , bl pan11ftted to avoid illd preserve ~ . .--IClll,llCvfeW8• . and-- ---abouldbeprovldld1oldf«dparhlh9;-ta.ld&Hlfal ~ �MASTER PLAN PUBLIC FACILITIES PLAN Fire: The Township has adopted a policy which will insure that there is adequate fire protection for all parts of the Township. Future growth or development may necessitate the addition of new equipment, facilities, manpower, or c,ntractual arrangements with other communities. Sewers/Water: Maximize use of existing sewer system. Discourage construction of major new trunk lines until existing capacity is utilized. Library: Continue participation ln the County Library System Parks and Recreation In order to establish a strong central focus for the community, a community center should be created on lands in and around the Township Fire Hall and Administrative Center. Property nt~ar the Township Hall could be utilized to allow a ten to fifteen acre focus. The Bowles/Mantawauka accesses will have to be redesigned to take full use of the properties. Potential activities which could be programmed into this center might include: 0 A community library 0 A senior center 0 0 0 a A gymnasium/auditorium complex An Indoor/outdoor pool or Improved beach facilities Tennis courts Parking Both soccer and baseball are very popular with township residents. Yet, the only facilities available to the community are limited. An athletic field complex consisting of two baseball Fenton Charter Township Page 88 �flelds. two softball fields and two aocc8f' programs. A bikeway/trail system shoUld be by means of existing roadWay& accommodate this blkeway a,8flln. Identify the different tralL Map ti as well as the use of tht fuue ecmllfflUIIJIIJe• .......,....., ...... ..-,-..it ���This Master Plan Is 881181111accommodate future 1f1NnOand specific will occur either with or development and chalv, section ldentfflea acllona A variety of programs Include: �IMPLEMENTA110N Storm Sewer Projects Maintain existing system Parks o o o and Recreation Communlty/cMC center Twenty acre softball/baseball/soccer complex Township blkeway trail system with stgnage on existing pubHc road rtghtsot-way Fire Service o Insure adequate fire protection tor the entire Township Funding of needed capltal improvements Is alwaYS a concern. Major county road improvements are financed tt,rough the County Road Commission. The Township should consider a millage eleCtlon for needed road improvements that are not high on the County's priority list A combination County/Township collabOratlon on road improvements could stretch local tax dollars and make improvements to deficient roads. Sanitary and storm aewer 1mprovements are flnan08d through the creation of spocial Improvement distrlCIS- 1l1e County Drain Commission ls the bOndlng aul'lodty. The Township must continue to assess . _ or mfllales to generate funds for the payment and oenesee operation of the sanltal'Y 8fNt8( system. As stated previOUIIY, fUndlnl for ~ a and civic center imp,:overnents Is nwdt men diversified. n,e TownahiP can _ . one or any combination of sources for Its fund"ang sowe&. MIiiage, genanil ILPII, ......... pmtall !IQll8llalll _. generally accaptabJt ~ - - - et Fire serv1e1 __,.....,.. . • electlOn ~ w •IIIIIIMllll ~ IOUnda1klne we al fllndH10. ........ frOffl general Jund ~ r • or a 1111Uaga .,._----would -,y • pJO¥ided friOd1 thne aourcea. i'Qlhlthasbmlltmost ""81 maklaDGal 8Mt , . . . . . ~ lnch.lta �1) Promoting orderly growth In a manner conallllt1t wllh land• pold• • • • • Plan. 2) 3) To promote attractiveness and varletY In lie T ~ __... - - • • • providing variation In lot sizeS, ec. and allowlnG tncreased delllllas wH1e • • •: more common open apace. To accommodate special. complex or unique uses llrDUfJf'I 8ldl ••111111 • planned unit developments and speclal use pamlla. 4) To guide development a,,ay from ua---- ... st.dJ • agricultural land. 5) To preserve and plol8Ct - accordance with the Mas181' Plan 6) Enforce current land Ull8 Ulldl SUIII zomnt ~ The zoning ordnance and offlCl8l ffllPt long range planning pollOW Qt the TOMllfilp. a statement of plannlnCI pollcy aid lll9 •1111111mm policy. To adl_,. ,........... _ _ _J_ __ to consider b tollowll'IO.,... •lall■ ���will be extremely Important a the Townahfp objectives contained within the Master Plan. mcM1a IMM Plan Updates This plan should not become a static document. TIie TOlllllllfD. attempt to re-evaluate and update portions of on should be updated at least once evay five Y8III goals for the review of various aactlons of 1118 Plan on ��APPENDIX A COMIIUNITY SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE SUMMARY ��G) ! i .sa 0 C: 1u .Q s:. C: Additional apartments/townhouses/condominiums are needed ~ 8- ~as~ clrcle a number below the column heading which most closely iscribes your preference regarding each of the following statements; G) E 0 z ~ (46) to/o (129) 12% (107} 10% (208) 19% (608) 55% (331) 29% (335) 30% (222) 20% (99) 9% (137) 12% Additional neighborhood shopping establishments such as grocery stores, drug stores, etc., are needed . . • . . . . . . • . (131) (209) 18% (109) (259) 9% 22% (476) 40% Additional commercial development such as fast food, gas station, shopping center, etc. in selected areas is needed .. . (79) 7% (183) 15% (90) 8% (230} 19% (598) 51% Additional industrial development is needed ..... __ ..... . (201} (284) 24% (120) 10% (135) 11% (462) 38% (156) 13% (308) 8% (467) 39% (164) 14% Additional senior citizen housing is needed .. .•. •.. •. .. ~ .C - Attitudes on Commercial and lndustrtaJ Development. If ditional land were to become available for commercial or industrial es, what type would you prefer? · 11% 17% 111 D • Attitudes on Environmental Qualtty (102) The water quality of the Township lakes Is acceptable 26% Q RIiing and dredging of wetlands, swamps, and marshes should be regulated by the Township ................••.•. (564) 48% (223) 19% (70) 6% (81) 1% (247) 21% ) There is overcrowding of lakes and lake properties (855) 71% (194} (72) (49) (38) 16% 6% 4% 3% l) The Township should take a more active role in regulating lakes and 1a1<efront property . . . • . . . . . . • • • • • · · • • • • • • • • . (595) 49% (285) 24% (121) 10% (92) (109) 8% 9% l) The Township should promote efforts to retain farming and the rural character of the area ......•.· • , • • · · · · • • • • • • . (739) 61% (256) 21% (95) 8% (68) 6% (48) 4% (373) 31% (33) 3% (42) (21) 61% 3% 2% paved roads within the Township are currently adequate and caf)able of handling existing trafffe · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · • (99) 8% (233) 19% (37) 3% (279) 23% (560) 46% Gf8vel roads within the Townsh!J> are currently adequate and capat,le of handling existing traffic · · · · · · · · · · · · • · · • • (92) 8% (280) 23% (235) 20% {267) 22% (328) 27% Township taxes sh()Uld be raised to improve roads and relieve (64) (121) 10% (76) 6% (193) (747) 62% 'an ,Q) !1) ~, 2.3) ••• e . Attitudes on Township Services Garbage and refuse collection Is satisfactory ........ ' ii •• ... congestion •••••••.•.•.....•..••..•••••••••. - 2 - (746) 5% 16% ��� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Fenton-Charter-Twp_Master-Plan_1990 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ayres, Lewis, Norris & May, Inc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1990-12 Title A name given to the resource Fenton Charter Township Master Plan Description An account of the resource The Fenton Charter Township Master Plan was prepared by Ayres, Lewis, Norris & May, Inc. in December 1990. Subject The topic of the resource Master plan reports Fenton Charter Township (Mich.) Genesee County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8199e49b5db423673c8c676e383d51e9.pdf 30bf4456b39af0a52839bc630e4e664b PDF Text Text 1 B NAI B'RITH DISTRICT 6 Is Proud To Recognize and Applaud The ~!embers Of The ABRAHAM ROSEN UNIT #818 On Occasion Of Their SEVENTY-FIFfH ANNlVERSARY Saturday, November 14, 1992 Muskegon, Michigan -JkJ:k_ PRESIDENT � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_Bnai-Brith_75th_1942-11-14 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource B'nai B'rith District 6 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1992-11-14 Title A name given to the resource Abraham Rosen Unit #818 75th Anniversary Certificate Description An account of the resource Recognition certificate from B'nai B'rith District 6 to the Abraham Rosen Unit #818 on their 75th anniversary. Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a2c696809613c847ff5b9ac6a4644103.pdf b7b270603c63148070f9e48738a873d0 PDF Text Text ��2 t "Th~ RitAI 80,k1 to JYriu In" National No. 812 , Mode in the following Rulings Day Books Journals Cash Bool<s 0. E. Ledgers, with Index $. E . Ledgers, with Index Records, Margin Linc TO DU'Pl.lCATB THJS BOOK:- Ordcr :-;o. 812 State Rulina: i;Wlcal'td by am,w Cl\'f' 1'hlekneM, •a.n:cd Made In I SO and 300 Pa,:e,, ..f M~lnU.S. A. I ~sl- 'S) ����������10 �11 .; ��14 \ �15 \ , ' �17 �19 �21 ,~ (). �22 t ,) . . 4- ., �J -/;A �24 �25 .J, v . - \ �26 j �27 ' ' ,{_ I ,· �28 �29 I I �31 �33 �34 �'.J C .} ,) , �37 �38 !/fr~!~~ ~ . ~ . /4.. ~· - . .) ��40 • .. .. �41 • • .. �42 �45 I f.- o !I I ~r • I �46 �-/ 47 ��50 �' St �52 • ��54 �55 • • • , �57 �58 �59 • �~ . \ 60 -··- ... -- - - . ,,.. . - ��More Than 400 Women Respond to Temple Bid to First Community Interfaith Meet I -- An ertort to weave an under• standin$: between rep1-e~ntative religions in the community through an interfaith m<"cting met with suoce~ last niji?ht t"Xeccding the hopt"S or the, 5PQnsor$. \\ omen or the Temple B'nal hracl. They expected a crowd. but they did not expe-ct to h&\'e to use the large auditorium to ac• commo<Sate their iuc.sts. Tablt>s were quickly dismantled in the recreation room and n,ovcd upstairs where, in narration and pageant, the orii;:-in and goal ot re- ligions was traced tor more than 400 area women. Pageantry depicting the ancient faith<i, was directed by Mt~• Jenette '.Faber. oC the 1\tu~kegon High School faculty and active in Civic Thcatr<'. * * * TABLES holding symbol< pomt• In~ up holidays obsl"r\ed in the Jewi.slt faith were spotll$:hted as ~fr$. F1'«1 Rodott explaint>d them. Herbert Baker's or1tan mu~ie add~ to the et!ectivcncs., or thr- mcs..-.;ag('s. ::l.frs. Samuel (;-, Klay( wa.t nar• rator td!' the se-,cton. •"Peaeo"'- :-ttl:l ~ their hoUd&)' events, slgntfic-anoes ot which were explained to e. crowd of night in th~ Temple B' nai lsra&I at the ill'St Interfaith meeting arc prominent in the event. Mrs. Ht'nry Darmstadter and Mrs. J. Ke-Uy Al ._. the farther table and ~lrs. Robert Rosenberg and ~trs. Reuben Levy arc 1 1~ronlcle Staff Photo> lC'• ~ --- Fcllowshlp, Religions-' Common qu.cst." the basic thought behind this interfaith e!tort. The gue~ts were conducted on a tour of thE" Temple t'.'l:p1tt.ining the Golden Book, the PUl"PO,Se ot other symbols and the Sunday School crar.s.e~. Mrs. John Powell. pri"'~ident of the Muskegon County Council of Church Women and Mrs. T4"d Beauchamp, president ot the °MU!'tkegon Deanery National Coancll ot Cathollc W9men headed largc,::roUJl$ ot. their m('mbers:. * * * REFRESHMENTS weu? ii:erved. aCter the meeting with Mrs. Har• ry H. Berman and M~. Max Lebow pouring. Serving on the com• rnittee were the Mesda.me-s Jerome Cherin. Henry Dumstadter, Har· old Ro5:en, Ma.x Lebow, R&Jph AU· gust. William Bercovitch and Sey• mour Rosenbtrg. .)1rs. Samuel 14\wson was chairman of the host.. e-ss committee. MN. Joseph Sllifling, president ot the Sisterhood B'nai Jsrael. wet• eomed th.:, S::UP!lt$ and t'xpres.~ed the wlsh that the effort to explain the ,·ariou,; relig1onJ might bringl an undenit«nding among residents ot the community. • �G,,.'< • �64 ��66 �67 �68 ��70 �71 �72 �73 .. ,. �75 ��77 ��' ' ;;J 7f} �80 , l )v1-. 'f",, . ��82 • �ft .,.-., .,,.Ac c II ~~.-<" ~~~ . t/ ~~r.,,._/ .~ ~- ~ / �84 ~;:;;~~~ ~~·/~ttv �85 �����9 ,i ���97 �• t. \ ' 98 • • ~ .. . ...,. ••• ·- - - • ~ # • ��t.. °' ' ' 100 . ' ' .•·-.. . .. .. .- . ~ �I~ 10 1 !½- y~~ ~ ' f l ~ ;iy,1c;f_} ~ r l ~ ;;. <1, r1) 3. ~l. ~ ~ _.a,i;, ~ i f J : f. n') . )11/VJ. ~ ~ ~ ·:aw ~ - U/V"-<1JJ-v • ~ ~ &kt. ~~ , rl/fV° ·· JIM ~o ~.., t:::d �~--- ... -- . . t.. ' ' ' - . .. . ~~~- . ~-1; r1~ .8. ~ ' ~ /1'-'.AAI;:! ~ I I �~ I �1 .., �. t- .. . ~· - ..... 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P - ~ ~ ' ~~ ~~ a.. ~~ k, ~ tv--~?r~~~~ ~ ~ ~ e . ~ dl ~~-:t::!i-, h-e. ~-=--- ~(LX-eA~,-...e..--,,~--<..,v-v,.., µ~ ~_,7 ~~~ ~ ~~,<_, r . ~,,Q ~ I f~7~ It • , - --- �.;,· 205 �1 206 �207 �·,-· . •. ~ ,~ ........ . 2 208 I - -· ·~. -· •• • - - ~_,. - - .. ---.-- •• -~- ••. • �--- ; 7 209 �211 �. ( ' . . . , .... ,. . ·-·· . . -' -. . - -- - -· ~--- .--- ~ - 2 21 2 &~~~ ~ Liu~, ~.L, ;WI; ·~ ' �213 ' ' ��. . ~ ( - ,~ .... - 216 - ,. . , - -- - - - _,... - ~ -· �217 �,. • • . • ' ,. -.•~• . I ~UJ .l J ; • - •• • • • A A O - - - • _ - - ~--- ✓- • •. -~ - • • • �219 ��2~3 �,' . . ' ,,.... , .. · -. .. . - . . . - ., - . --~,-- - . ·-· . .. ' 22 4 ' IC<-~~~ ~a~ . �225 �. ::: , .. 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(} "-c~)~ G,...u....-.....;.,. 1 ~~ 8-P ~ . ~""'"" T~ ' ~ < ) U..evv~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ '/ 00, 8- 7, 'if; f !'ii 'i ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ (II fl ~ 6 O k ~~ ~~~~~~~~~(=­ ,, ~ ~ .:r.. 1~~ ),k ( f ~ a-v ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ¼ . ~ ~ cp_~!) '1,l,-c,u- ~ 1-v ~ ~ t 1,tt..e, ~,~---~t~~/~~~ q ~ 1 ~ ~.,.,...,.y~~ ~ 13 <7vv,v,'1 ~ ()'6 . / ~ M-V'<V~~ ( ~) �"n-- a...,~ ~a, ~ 'JN..p J~, ~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ I~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ·t 0~. tr--J'IA~ ::t.lY ~'-v.),, ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ 4-> ~ -~~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~.--.t~ 1 ~ (}N ~ , �TRF.ASURF.R'S REPORT FOR DECEI!IBER 1956. Cash in Bank, December 1,1956 •••••• RECEIPTS: Dues 60.00 Achievements215.00 Gift Shop 8Q 0 08 Uniongrams 10 0 00 Bonations 130.79 H. Fisher 127.79 Anon. 3.00 495.87 Total Receipts ••••• 2,778.74 DISBURSEMENTS: umlongrams 12.00 Kitchen Help 10.50 s. s. Supplies26.95 s. s. Parties 17.36 Gift Shop 32.55 Teachers' Salaries for period ending November JO. 368 00 Donation10.00 County Conv. Hosp. Miscellaneous 8 2 • 8 (Floral) _......_...,_'C"a~s~~on~,..,...,,.....,.....,...~~~an , • Gen,Fund ; ...?J 12/30/56/ SPECIAL FUNDS (This fund does not inPOWDER ROOK 51.00 clude the Special Funds s. Gros19111an F141.08 of 573.28 Expans. F. 381 2 20 Total... $ 573.28 0 �rlo s Jlrls Barte.a ·•.11run DeCneney, Xonald wan.,, 101a ...d Jenn n,, 'harles Lew , Jo 1 Morri .lI'nor Ponozzo, rl rred Peters n, onald Pr-us, An';hony Rainey, Percy Smith, Horman sucnovsky, Carl VanAelst, Jerry Vallie, Charles lerople, Kenneth Whl te, I cAr tour 111lliams, \,illie abrey, La tie ilne lmina Chcatums, Vergla C nley, G.oria Crt:. , ay Jukes, A.rl'.a Kr~r. z, P tr c i Mc"h son, I ary r t or.iery, ar ,ha or.el.... , Lind Rokos, Sandra Smit-i, Pegg Stei~kraus, Pa<;s~ Vavd ~Laan, Sharon Wnite, Jessie Wiers, .3anura n ac c um, 7 .lF Basch, Dennis Galloway, ~abney Gre11r, Arthur Jackson, llonald onnson, Dennis Jo,mson, Hobort Kuc..<, Raymond Nor an, Cedric Marquand, tlruce arhar.,., Ozol.l 1at iff, Arthur ,USJoll, lbert ~agu ...a, Phillip .:,el nder, Gone Thorsto son, Neal Trice, ~ester Vandex•laan, Gary r-i !J!.ane E(l.17ard, argarot K~lloy, Marlon c llory, Lois Martnez, Olga Llaynard, Uar..:ia Paac':11:u, Virrlnia erl:Lns, Eloise Rr.ap, Josn Rtc~1rd~on, Barbara Scot~, Deanna Spencer, Barba~a Sturg~.s, .LJonna "'enny, Joann \'/ilk naon, !!lnnie I.I �I t (~I ( ~ f[,- • /_~14 L{,7<- ' <- ✓ t /.) <-C p t!/:;;;; ( rr ( ',,ti (<_ {J ( , fct (,v..,tc...,t / If.(._~ l!t '"- <.. L<. , ~: ,-,_ I <<- ( 1 ) I c ~<';/ t;_ 1 .( 1 ;1( ;-<' ,IC".,. _,,,(__ - ,. 1/ �8-lc BOYS Bar1•s, I illJ.am Benninger, :>onald Bird, Victor Darien, Edward Hall, Thomas l!clntyre, John Pace, Badie Pasco, 'I"nomas Paul, Jon Reed, Thomas Robinson, John Sain, Lai trice Stein, Michael Terpstra, Robert Watson, Robert l'iilkins, Lee William.s, James l'lill(;a te, Prank Alex, Joseph Baldwin, Arthur Barbor, Ivan Bowen, Herbert Hoffman, Charles Johnaon, Bruce Johnston, Kenneth Judd, Jack Keefer, Theodore Ruiter, Gregory Smith, I3obby Shunta, Joseph Stovall, James Sydnor, Robert Valk, David Vonk, James GIRLS Abrahru.1son, Bonnie Anderson, \,illie Banks, Elizabeth Battle, Claudette OrahaI:l, June Hale, Mary Knobe, Betty Leavell, Shirley Lynn, Con~ta,1ce McLaughlin, Kay Olson, Karen Payno, Joan Porter, Mary Potts, Landis Scott, Judith VanNoordy,yk, Jean Argetsinger, Diane Bromley, Camilla Burnett, Ellen Covell, Ellen Goranson, Kay Graves, Carol Hasenbank, Sharon Lear, Sharon McQuinn, Anna MUcherson, Joyce Ouellette, Sandra Personett, Sharon Schihl, Joan Seng, Susan Shanty, Linda Smith, Sue �' l~- ��#, y ..... r r . '- I , • �A STATEMENT OF SISTERHOOD PHILOSOPHY BY JANE EVANS, EXOCtJrIVE DIRECTOR NATION'AL FEDERATION OF TEMPLE SISTERHOODS AT THE STATE PRESIDENTS' COUNCIL, NEU YORK, N. Y., NOVEMBER 1-2, 1949 We o.re the wor1en 1 s o.ru of J\L1erico.n llnd World Reforo, Libero.l or Progressive Judo.isc . :1c o.re not o. social orgnnizo.tion; ue llre not o. philo.nthropic orgo.nization; we o.re o. religious gro~ dedicated to the philosophy that the congrego.tion is the logico.l unit of organizo.tion in Isro.el, o.nd that through congrego.tiono.l life the codern jewess co.n raost effectively exercise her influence upon Jewish o.nd non-Jewish life . Religion is the centro.l core of the vo.st contribution which we, the Jewish people, uake to hUt?o.nity nnd to ourselves . We will be better Sisterhood cei;1bers, Sto.te o.nd District leo.ders o..~d officers of the No.tiono.l Fedcro.tion of Tenplc Sisterhoods only o.s we understand that J udo.isu, the religion of our people, is the source of all our service to Jewish and huoanita rio.n co.uses. From this s tandpoint, we t1u»t reco.11 with sooe hu:lility a few of the cr.arges co.de a.go.inst us . i-/e tend to welcone wor,en to our Boards, whether of State Federations or of loco.l Sisterhoods, irrespective of whether or not they are reo.lly expressing their interest in our central philosophy through the accepto.nce of the obligations of regulo.r temple and synagogue attendo.nce . It is not beyond the real.J:1 of possibility that we could use State and District conventions to educo.te our cet1bers and ourselves upon our central philosophy of Sisterhood life . We o.re a fellowship of wooen religiously t1otivated, recognizing the congregation o.s a logical unit of organization in Jewish life, dedicated to the service of Jewish and hucanito.rian causes through the centrality of Judaisc, the religion through which we translate our beliefs into deed for the benefit of K'lal Israel (the whole of the household of Isro.el) o.nd cllnkind. �Lighting of the Ca.ndles Boruch Ato Adonoi Elo~nu ,t.elech Ho-olJ:1 Asher K' idshuno B'ooitsvosov Vetsovenu L'rui.dlik ner Shel Shabbos . BP.W-RUCH Praised be AH-TAW Thou AH-DO-NOY 0 Lord EH-LO- HAY-m.l our God King of HA!l-0-I.AWM the universe ASHER who KID-D' -S!f.AII- HU has s~nctified us B 'MITS-VO-SAJIV "ith his cor.:umdr.:ents V 'TSEE - VAI/- NU and cor.Jr:lOndcd us to kindle NAYR the light SHEL of SHAH-BP.HS So.booth SHEL YOM-TOV V'SHEL YOM-TOV (on festivo.1s) of the festival (on festivo.ls that begin on Friday evening say Shel o.nd then Sho.h-bo.ws) o.nd of the festivnl Blessing over Food Boruch Ate Adonoi Elo~nu V.elech Ho-olor.1 Ho.-ootsi Leher.1 oin Ho-orets. Praised be Thou, 0 Lord our God, King of the Universe, who bringest forth breo.d fr<l!.. the eo.rth. ��~ , I f, .._/ /. 1~ . I ;f y {; I . < I i I 1' ·y I 1 �,l. I / _, .,l, t ~ µ_ I - ~ ,(, ~ ~ < A<,.d,. 't ),- ~'iJP. ~ '\, (~ I ~ -t /'- I- /'~ ,<j{.., )/,,, t !:;f ,.,, ., ,,M-.,J...J. ~ ~ ~ Ii A/ t/U-< .;;:_.;;,, Q • 1. {, I Iv- ;, ( ~✓ ,c.,I a ..... CG • rr7' 1c ~ l4., ( ,I I f: ./ p, - ..- /3. ~ /_ ( .vn,J • J! :;i ~I .. tr ..... I V .,,,, ..,..< ~J ~ ,,,._ I. t4 .i / ~ ~ . I "i 1. �< • I ���■ ; • • I , ~~ ����... ::}-~ . . _ I o..,.,.~1-- . , - 1- I fjlJ Si sterhood again meets the challenge of another year in our new r Temple - a year filled with more responsibilities , greater accomplishments , and further joys and satisfactions •. •' Our higher goals and realizations of i ncreasing responsibilities belong to each and every one of us . Those who served faithfully in the past have the inner satisfaction of an obligation fulf i lled . Thi s all presents a very favorable picture if we can lay aside the trials , tribulatioss , and decending faetors with which every organization must contend . However , many existing di fficult i es would never come to be if we all realized that too much has been accomplished by too few . Let this thought serve as a lesson to gui de our course in the future. On behalf of Sisterhood , I wish to thank our offi cers whose faf hful and efficient services are gr eatly appr eciat ed . 1. Sophie Lebow who conducted all boa rd meeti ngs and was in charge of membership and hospitality. 2. Rose Lawson- Gener al Chairman of all fund rais ing functions , unti r ingly re s ponded to all duties , requests and unsolicited needs. J. Dora Berman ' s r~i nutes are detailed , a ccur a t e and beautifully written . All necessary correspondence was always assured promptly . 4. Ellen Aron shows in great detail money received and di_spersed . Ellen also served with Mildred Rodoff on the budget committee . Milly ' s very valuable knowledge and experience helped us greatly in our financial goal . Our briefly written thank yous to the fol l owi ng board members is measurably small compared t o the f i ne result s . / However, �- 2- time not permitting may the ability and the satisfaction of bei ng of service to others suffice . PROGRAM : 'fhe climiix to our business meeting always brought what we might term as "dessert ". Our chairman, Mrs. Samuel Umen per- formed outstandingly in her diversified program selections , which included book reviews , timely topics , dramatic productions , and entertainment of ga i e t y. and fun . These programs were always stimulating, interesting and informative . UNIONGRAMS : We can proudly brag for Mrs . Mary Pogel as chairman l'lhen we say she is responsible with the assistance of Mrs . Samuel Buckland of beating an all t ime record by selling six hundred and eighty uniongrams . This amount is l!learly doubl e the requirement . SEWING : This project brought few , but steady fa i thful and loyal workers under the leadershi p of Mrs . Milton Steindler . Frances ' s wise and careful purchases and utilization of materials so far have netted us ~82 . 50 . We are most appreciative of t hese ladies for their faithful service . A very hearty t'1anks goes to Esther Rubinsky who in the absence of our chairman efficiently carried the responsibility of directing the .ladie~ in her own ho!le • . 1 ~~ ' ~ " ''? '"°"'.:: •~"4 ~o. we-- wov,,,ein. whb ~ It has been tol d that a t ~ served~ If you feel that you have or will qualify , consider yourself invited. Let this serve as an inducement for the professionals or the amateurs wi l ling to learn . In conjw tion with Sewing , Reeva Levy and Co- Chairman fan Stern rnade very practical purchases of gifts and ceremonials for different occasions throughti:>ut the year . The•1 many customers ( �- 3- , were well pleased having purc hased gifts not readily available . < ONEG SHEBBOTH : Our Oneg Shabboth ' s were increasiry more interesting and we were happy to serve our Temple., , Cha irma~ Esther Stein.> in obtaining hostesses assumed her duties very well . The delicious home made cakes added a pleasant taste to the vlose of our Friday night services. SUNDAY SCHOOL : Sisterhood met its primary obligation , namely the financial support and mainteniance of the Sunday Scg66l ahd Hebrew School in all its entirety . Mrs . Harry H. Berman as Superintendant fulfilled her duties admirably , a·nd we certainly want to extend our thanks to her and our teachers who served us and our children . The Sunday School parties were always lovely . Every holiday celebrated brought student particigation and interest . One program that gave much pleasure was "A ::,ick Purim". 'l'o many of us parents , greater joy was brought 1 than any Broadway production . Credit for this fine J irection goes to Jean Berman with the assistance of Lenore Umen . Refreshments are always a ,ifi ghli ght of most affairs. Mrs . Samuel Price was li:n charge of all Sunday School parties / stimulated many appetites by bringing different , delicious and appropriate foods for all occasions . As a pre-e:::hool introduction to our Sunday schhol, our Cradle Roll parties conducted by Rose Friedenberg , Lee ?isher , and Helen Roberts carried the desired purpose and showed the joyful response of our little tots i n the beginning of their Temple debut . �, - -4- ' ' Our newly formed "Board of Education" consisting of appointees of four members each of both Sisterhbod and Temple boards , and led by Rabbi Umen comp◊,sed our very fine monthly fu~tioning board,btand:~~1JY},,:'fquirements for Sunday School and Hebrew Sc h o o l ~ ~ n y proliems , grievances , or needs in general were presented at this time. CHOIR: Our i mpressive Friday and Ternple servi ces a r e partially due to our choir . Mrs . Robert Rosenberg , as chairman functioned very efficiently . Rose was willing to take the chance of bringing in any new voice . "The America All II program in which our choir represented the Jewish community was very impressive. We offer our most hearty tha nks and a ppreciation to the following . Irene Steindler f or securing hostesses f or each meeting and keeping the Temple paper supply in..>t-act . Helen Roberts for her 1ink reports. Mrs . Max Shumaker fo r purchases of kitchen supplies . Mrs . Martha Gudelsky f or her continuance in building the Fanny Rosen Memorial Fund . Gloria Grossman and Lois 5her in for their many original and beautiful table and room decorations . Rena Levine and her calling squad ~.ho served us many tifles this year. .Jwk f!/ ~ or' Mrs . !<'red Rod off ~1ho promptly,___nigiight~ir-.each meeting and gave de tailed and interesting reports in our Temple bulletin . Florence Rubinsky in helping us out by sending our monthly meeting cards . Jean Berman who made many visits to our sick membersn �- 5and br ought cheer and happiness . FUND RAISING : October 1949 opened Siste rhood ' s busy and active year with a drive for new members . man . Sophie Lebow was the a cting chairOV~ '( ,f~ YI OU, S re,~6'>1,$ I "l Our guests pr esent were new comers~unable to heed the Sisterhbod call. 44\c, r ¼t IJltt, The past and potential members showed the desiree interest when fifty - eight ladies out of our present ninety-two members came with their ten dollar dues in order to partake of the fa11 paid up rnembership"L~tke Dinner'' that .:>isterhood offered. Sophi e Lebow and her committee served a very delicious meal , amd well worth the admitting pr i ce. The money was ~reatly needed and wisely spent for a stage curta in for our Recreation Room. Mrs, Harry Fi sher a nd co- chairman Mrs. Leo, Rosen assumed the responsibility of the initial steps in the selection of the material and decorator . Behind the stage s cenes, other than the inst a llation of a new track , and a sprained ankle, we proudl}' presented the curtain to our community. µ I/ On Sunday evening , November 6 , the Gol den Book Dedication took pl a ce. All local organizations l ent a helping hand. Sisterhood assU111ed the g«N«tt general chairmanship , along with the food preparations and t able decorations. ' When the treasurer 's report showed a u«~«x«f balance of$2OJ.S2 we felt the i mmediate need of another fund raising function. ty resulted in a thorough cleanup, a rummage sale. Thi s activi - Betty Price as Chair- man left no home or store unsolicited. Her conscientiousness was clearly shown when she collected the rummage almost singlehandedly. Much appreci- a tion and hearty thanks goes to Betty and her corps of wo rkers who showed out ~tand ing sales a bilit y. Purim tine brought t he whole family to Temple f or a supper, carnival and enterta inment. Rose Lawson , as general chairman worked as �- 6usual, dilligently and laboriously. A baked goods sale, knick-knack booth and a doll and apron display brought very remunerative results. Many people lent a helping hand and to the chairmen of these indiviaual projects , we offer many thanks . Hortense Berman, Rose Lawson and Esther Rubinsky! Plans with elaborate and detailed preparation brought us our second Sisterhood Community Seder. eral chairmanship . Again Leah Shumaker assumed the gen- Efficiency, organi~a tion a nd arrangements , not ~,i th- s tanding the countless hours that our chairman and her efficient staff of co-workers spent in elaborate preparations is an affair that will long be remembered. We are grateful to Rabbi Umen for his very impressive Seder services along with his unique ability in RRh'.xi enhancing our treasu~y with his handling of the "Afikomin" money. Credit goes to the following who served as sub-chairmaen; Beryl Rosenberg, Mr. & Mrs. Fred Rodoff , Mr. and Mrs. Mag Lebow, Mrs , Morris Levine, and Mrs . Esther Freedman. A second rummage sale was held this Spring , which although not as lucrative as our first sale , helped swell the general funds. Our concluding project is a hand-made afghan, generously donated by Mrs . Ida Ashendorf, and led by Mrs. Mary Fogel . Our chairman has con- scientmously made every possible effort to make this activity a financial success. ,Let us co- operate with her to the f ullest and make this early Fall function outstanding. have a summer card party. An excellent suggestion of our chairman is to Two tidkets purchased by each guest with ten people present would sell one book of tmckets, Try this and enjoy the free luncheon wo which you are entitled. In the above mentioned re port, you will note that no mention was made of receipts or disbursements , and at this time it would be f itting to have our treasurer Ell en Aron show us the status of our treasury throughout the year . (Ellen gives her report ) �-7- .... . (Conclusion) • • In closing my yearly report, I wish to thank all you ladies for mak- ing this year the f ine success that it was. Our most hearty thanks goes to Rabbi Umen for his splendid support and his many helpful suggestions. May his leadership continue to guide us and may Sisterhood continue to serve the Temple in greater and more efficient capacity. ' , .. • ' �> ,- , --- J �dli/iu :Jalld d(utf. d(oCe,, t. 7775 --- C!orndl d(oa,l dlifu,l,e.90,,, dll{icf.i9all �During the 20th century, the Jew,sn world has undergone radical chan91,,,s, yet the last classic Jewish encyclopaedia, n English was completed 65 "years ago. New perspecti ves on Jewish history and Judaism have been created in our lifetimes. A new world has emerged in our generation. Intensive research into new areas of Jewish studies has brought new under• standing to Jewish history up to the present moment. The Encyclopaedia Judaica was produced to meet the needs of the modern Jewish world through a lucid presentation of the past and present. Over 2500 distinguished scholars throughout th~ world have contributed authoritative summaries of Jewish knowledge up to t he present. These articles will be o f invaluable importance to the resear~her, the scholar. the student and the layman. ' i - . -- Recent t imes have witnessed major revolutions in Jewish life. The Holoc~ust brought the tragic annihilation of so much of Jewish life and learning. lost foreve~ to Tan~•~d. New cen~ers and disciplines of Jewish scholarship have arisen. !hese centers are m the Umt~ ::;~~; ,~;:: over half of ihe Jews in the world live and cont nbute greatly to all aspects o f and in the State o f Israel. created only aher the Holocaust. Israel also represents ~ new actor and intensity in Jewish life and learning. __ _ s"="< �- ..2... - - '-- � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_1951-1957_Bnai-Israel-Sisterhood-Minutes Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource B'nai Israel Sisterhood Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1951/1957 Title A name given to the resource Recording Secretary's Book, Sisterhood B'nai Israel, 1951-1957 Description An account of the resource Handwritten notes and minutes of the B'nai Israel Sisterhood, dating between 1951 and 1957. Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Synagogues Muskegon (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections & University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (Project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3e811d1751696c0a1cc603be374de541.pdf 0be4c8fec59a6d393f87bef516aafa18 PDF Text Text Muskegon, Michigan Congregation B'nai Israel FROM THE RABBI MARCH ADAR I PURIM The Scroll of Esther and the holiday of Purim have always had their critics. Questions are still being raised as to why Esther was included in the Scriptures, and why we celebrate such a frivolous holiday. Because of the critics, and the meaning of the Scroll and the holiday, the Rabbis spend considerable time in both Jewish law and .. folklore discussing the book of Esther and Purim. It is no less a mitzvah to read and hear the Megillah than it is to listen to and retell the Passover story. Even when the Messiah comes, Purim will be celebrated while most other Jewish holidays will not. At that time all the books of the Bible will lose their value except for the Five Books of Moses and the Book of Esther. •\ I What is the value of the book of Esther? Is it an historical book? In the recent Five Scrolls, Rabbis Friedlander and Bronstein summarize the views of most scholars: "The events described here, if not historically verifiable, are paradigns of historical events which have plagued the Jewish people in every era." The Hamans of history have had no qualms about, nor the Ahasueruses any objections to, genocide. Thus, the particularly Jewish story of Esther has universal implications. Purim demonstrates for us how we should understand the Megillah. We might focus on the dark side of Esther, genocide and revenge, and be filled with despair. In order to face the realities of a hostile world around us, thour: we need PURIM PARTIES see calendar Jewish Centennial Passover Celebration see enclosed brochure • rift-I"~ Monday March 6 Hope College Tuesday March 7 Frauenthal Theater to do something irrational: we need to hope and laugh. For one day during the year we ~ari escape the realities of uncertaint-J,-~nd celebrate the mira-c-l-e._ of o"tir survival. ~- This year, don't be a critic, listen to all the exaggerations and comic irony. Hear the message of triumph and hope. Let your hair down and celebrate! �OFFICE HOURS Congregation B'nal Israel Muskegon, Michigan Robert Scolnik President Alan Alpert Rabbi Ira Socol Editor Secretary 8:30 - 12:30 Monday, Tuesday, Thursday Rabbi 10:30 - Noon Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday 2:00 - 3:00 Tuesday, and by appointment "JEWISHMUSKEGON• What's in a name? When I developed the "JEWISHMUSKEGON" name and masthead I was trying to show our pride. Pride in the survival of a tiny minority community. Pride in our success at being Jewish outside the major metro areas that are usually associated with Judaism. Pride in our hometown's attributes, and pride in a community that has treated us so royally throughout our Centennial year. Six months later, I'm still happy with the title, and the bulletin. What do you think? I'd like to know. Do you like the name? do you have another idea? How do you feel about the rest of the "bulletin?" What do you like? What don't you like? On pages 11 and 12 this month, is a "survey" about the bulletin. Please take a few minutes to check a few boxes, and make a few notes. The whole idea of this publication is to allow us to better communicate among ourselves, and with our friends. Please lend a hand by letting me know what works for you. STORIES The last thing I want is a bulletin filled with my opinions. We've got lots of space here for you to display your thoughts, ideas, stories and concerns. I can offer as much ( or as little) assistance as you want in putting your ideas into words. Any topic relating to Judais~ and/or our 2 community seems fair game. So come on ••. I know there are more than a few inspired authors out there, put it down on paper and send it in. THANKS to Bob Scolnik, who prov ides us with the wonderful photo·-pages. Bob gets these together on his own each month, and they make the bulletin look great! SPONSORSHIPS · Making this a better publication takes work and money. To build the "Newsletter Fund" we're reviving the "Sponsorship" idea. Individual sponsors ( $50. per year) will be listed in each months publication. Corporate Sponsors ( $120) will get a three line listing, Company Name, type of business, and address. Please, if you can add to your current support for Temple activities, consider this option. �When you read this, it will already be March. I can hardly believe that this year as President of your Congregation is passing so quickly. I have a tremendous sense of pride in our Centennial Celebration and look forward to the events yet to come. The most recent event that comes to mind The Klezmer Conservatory Band was spectacular. The overflowing Overbrook Theater was magically transformed into a Jewish 11 Shtetl" from another time and place. The audience, predominantly non-Jewish, really got into the spirit of Klezmer music and I could sense a real feeling of electricity in the room. I believe that all of you who were there felt the same pride in being part of bringing this group here! This event, like many others in the past year, was simply amazing. I would also like to comment on last month's editorial, "That LETTERS Old Time Religion 11 by Ira Socol. I read Ira's words at least 4 times. His description of "Midwood 11 was fascinating and evoked a wish to go back to that simpler time I knew as a child growing up in a much more Jewish community in New York State. Ira's conclusion's and comments fit us perfectly. "We must make the best available compromise with our times." In my view, the current debate over pagers is senseless. Pagers are a way of life for many people and I would much rather have a person and a pager filling a seat than just the empty seat. Perhaps what needs to be addressed is why has Friday evening attendance dropped? Many events a~e very well attended but services seem to be a problem. Why? I'll be waiting for your answers. (Note: If anyone would like a copy of last month's editorial, please contact me for a copy.) Dear Rabbi and Mrs. Alpert, The children all did so well the evening of December third, from the middle school children down to the youngest speakers. Thank you again for so graciously opening your beautiful place of worship to our whole community on Friday, December 3, to better acquaint us with your observance and enjoyment of Hanukah. It was so very meaningful. r am sure that I express the sincere feelings of all who could be with you that evening. From my name you can tell that I am of German descent; however, my grandmother (with whom I lived) and father never approved of cruelty toward any people. I have enjoyed much kindness from the Jewish persons I have known and have a liking for them all. I have been so interested in this year's observance of your Jewish Centennial since the first write-up in our Chronicle, having attended several of its programs at the Frauenthal, including the fine presentation of "The Diary of Anne Frank." I am glad that my church, St. Mary's, locally, was so well represented, as well as so many other churches. I trust that Hanukah enjoyable in your home. was most -Anne L. Freitag 3 �JEWISH~M®~@@~ ==============Cff"P''c/~ s B'NAI B'RITH INSTALLS NEW OFFICERS ANNIVERSARIES Aliyah and Lester Schick Susan and Norman Halbower Sally and Marcus Bess Barbara and William Reed CONGRATULATIONS to Portia Rothchild on being selected as one of two recipients of the Urban League's Equal Opportunity Award. DAN RAPOPORT (L}, INSTALLS NEW B'NAI B'RITH PRESIDENT ED KRAUSE EVENTS/OUT-OF-TOWN GRAND RAPIDS: Congregation Ahavas Israel's 1989 Dinner Dance, is on March 11, at 8 p.m. A Cadillac, and many door prizes will be given away. Reservations close March 5, the cost is $22 per person. Call 1-949-2840 for details and reservations. WEST BLOOMFIELD: The Jewish Community Center of Metropolitan Detroit pre sen ts LET US ENTERTAIN YOU, a festival of Jewish art, theatre, and music. March and April events include: Sculpture by Itzik Ben Shalom (3/4-3/19); Gabe Kaplan "In Concert" (3/4, 8 p.m.); Michigan Musician Winners Concert (4/5, 8 p.m.); and Betty Comden and Adolph Green (4/8, 9 p.m.). The Center is at 6600 West Maple, in West Bloomfield, Call 313-661-1000 for details. 4 LES SHICK, OUTGOING B'NAI B'RITH CONGRATULATES ED KRAUSE . PRESIDENT AS PART OF THE PROGRAM AT THE B'NAI B'RITH MEETING, MEMBERS WATCH A VIDEO AND PROGRAM PROVIDED BY DR. JOEL RUBIN. �JEWISH'R,JJl)1)~®@~7!!.=5'-===================== <tongressional 1Record United States of America Vol. 134 PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE J00 th CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 1988 No. 152 Senate JEWISH CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION IN MUSKEGON • Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, in this last CoNGRFS.:,IONAL REcono of the 100th Cong!'ess, I would like tu bring lo the attention of the S1·nate another notable event In the annals of this Nation. On September 21, 1988, a Jewish centennial celebration was begun in Muskegon, Ml. What Is unique about the celebration Is that the entire community of Muskegon organized a comprehensive 8-month commemoration, Including 50 Individual programs and events. The 14 major cultural, educational and religious organizations in the Muskegon community united to focus, In this intensive way, on the contributions of the Jewish people both worldwide and in Muskegon. For the community of almost 300,000 people to celebrate with such a massive outpouring of creative talent the 100th birthday of a tiny 87-family minority community represents the most eloquent testimony to American pluralism that I can remember. I had the privilege, that I will always remember, of speaking at one of the first events, the opening of the Anne Frank exhibit at the Muskegon History Museum. That evening Itzhak Perlman ga\·e a solo recital at the historic Frauenthal Theatre. And the next day Congressman Guy VANllER JAGT, who obtained his bachelor of divinity degree at Yale University, symbolized In a very personal way the ecumenical nature of the celebration by participating in the Jewish service of Sukkot. One of the features of this 8 month celebration is the publication of a booklet entitled "Michigan's Jewish Community: A Centennial History 1888-1988," written by Dennis Devlin, who is a professor of history at Grand Valley State University. Next May, the celebration ends with a trip to Egypt and Israel, foscusing on art and music and the history of the two countries, and sponsored by the art museum and the symphony orchestra. None of this could have been done without the extraordinary effort of Sylvia Kaufman. I havt' never been so touched by thi: Lula! commitment of a large community to the ctmtributions of a tiny c-omponent of iL. It Is a model which other communities can use as we exercise ou1· freedom to maintain our diverse ethnic traditions. This unique country of ours not only allows everyone to do so, but proclaims the importance of that freedom. A New York Times article on September 28, 1988, contained some of the flavor of the Muskegon celebration. I ask that it be printed In the RECORD at this time. 13 �FRIENDS OF THE NORTON SHORES LIBRARY NORTON SHORES BRANCH, MUSKEGON COUNTY LIBRARY 705 SEMINOLE ROAD NORTON SHORES, MICHIGAN 49441 THE JESSE AND BARBARA LEVIN COLLEGE SCHOLARSHIP APPLICATION In 1988, Jesse and Barbara Levin donated funds to the Friends of the Norton Shores Library in order to establish a yearly college scholarship award for high school students. This scholarship award is open to any 12th grade student who is a resident of either Norton Shores or Roosevelt Park, Michigan. Also, any 12th grade student who is a member of the Muskegon Temple B 'Nai Israel Congregation is eligible to apply. The scholarship will be awarded for the best essay on the subject: THE IMPACT OF WDAISM ON WORLD HISTORY. References to be used should be works which promote a better understanding between Jews and non-Jews. Footnotes and a bibliography should be included. The recommended length for the essay is 1,000 to 1,500 words. The essay with this form attached must be submitted to the above address by May 1 to be considered for the award. Please complete the following information. ----------------------------------------The Jesse and Barbara Levin Scholarship Application NAME---------------------------------STREET A D D R E S S - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CITY-----------------STATE-------ZIP-----HIGH SCHOOL ATTENDING _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ GRADE IN HIGH SCHOOL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Are you a member of the Muskegon Temple B 'Nai Israel Congregation? □ YES □ NO Name of college or university you will enroll in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ The attached essay is my own work and may be published if requested by the Scholarship Committee. SIGNATURE---------------------DATE------- �JEWISHlMJM@~@@~ Contributions/General Fund Regina and Roland Lehker Contributions/Newsletter Fund Lotta and Sam Shumacher (in appreciation) YABRZEITS (memorialized March 3) Fannie Honick-2/26 Henry Bespaloff-2/26 Louis Brontman-Adar I 22 Gloria Bess-2/29 Warren Galombeck*-3/1 Shima Spivak-3/3 Louis Simon*-3/4 Wilfred Dixon-3/4 Leo Friedlander*-Adar I 27 (memorialized March 10) Beatrice Danto-Adar I 28 Greta Louise Gudelsky-3/6 Anna Fisher-3/9 Beatrice Levin-3/9 Clara Jacobs*-Adar II 3 (memorialized March 17) Oscar Gudelsky-3/15 Isaac Rosen-3/15 David Gudelsky*-Adar II 10 Rose Singer-3/17 (memorialized March 24) Jerome Bomash-3/19 Edward Kushner-3/20 Sophie Rosen-3/21 Harold Fleischer-3/23 Bernard C. Steindler*-3/25 (memorialized March 31) Eileen Cahill-3/29 Richard Vanderleest-3/29 Dr. Norman Fleishman-3/30 Samuel Brontman*-3/31 Ellis Chevlin*-3/31 Libby Bloomfield-4/1 May Vanderleest-4/1 Leb Fonstein-4/1 (memorialized April 7) Louis Aron*-4/4 Morris Kantor*-4/6 Craig Silberman-4/6 Evelyn Singer-Nisan 2 Maurice Brow-4/7 Milton Steindler*-4/7 15 • �Reprinted from: The Temple Bulletin Achduth Vesholom .J -::1 tion, Fort Wayne, Indiana by Rabbi Richard B. Safran Some 19,300 Soviet Jews were able to leave the Soviet Union in 1988, representing a considerable increase over previous years. Most of these Soviet Jews came to the United States to settle here under a liberal American law that allowed refugees from lands of persecution to find a home here. With the changed poli.tical climate in the USSR some 30-40,000 additional Soviet Jews are expected to leave Russia this year. We rejoice at this new opportunity being given to our brothers and sisters, yet we must be made aware of the new problems this increased immigration creates. First, now that the refugees are not fleeing oppression they are placed in a different legal category that does not give them automatic entrance into our shores. At this moment some 300 Jews have already been denied entrance. Secondly, our federal deficit has limited the amount of immigration this country is allowing, and there has been some attempt to allocate slots that have not been used by Southeast Asian refugees. Needless to say, this has caused some inter-group conflict. Thirdly, if Soviet Jews seek entry to the U.S.A. under their new status as gene Lal refugees, federal help for their settlement is very limited, and they will have to turn almost completely to the American Jewish community to assist them. This will mean that American Jewish organizations will have to foot the bill for the transit facilities in Europe and then local Federations will be asked to settle them in their communities and to assist them financially and in other ways. (;nr - :.- Recently the Jewish Agency in Israel has advanced an interesting proposal that Israel serve as the transit point for the Soviet Jews leaving Russia. This would involve all Soviet Jews going directly to Israel on their way to the United States and would expose them to that land, while the Israelies would have an opportunity to persuade them to settle there. Those who then want to go to the United States could continue on as refugees. There would also be the advantage of having the millions spent on the refugee transit facilities being spent in Israel. The plan has merit and should be considered, but only if the Soviet Jews will be allowed to continue to the U. S. as "refugees." In the past Israel has not been willing to accept this condition, claiming that to do so would be the betrayal of Zionism. No matter what the final arrangements, we who for years have been working for the freedom of Soviet Jews will now have the joy of seeing many come out, and we will have the shared responsibility of settling them in our community and in other cities. I am sure, as in the past, we will rise to the challenge. Non-Profit Org US POSTAGE Congregation B'nai Israel 391 West Webster Avenue Muskegon, Michigan 49441 PAID Affiliated with UAHC Published monthly by Congregation B'nai Israel. Please send any articles, comments, news, or letters to the Te·mple office. Muskegon, MI PERMIT No 131 , D:l. & !:~:J. ~:=~::::r I~P.::r 1~::J ~ ..:::.- o:A CT. ;:..::::: . , l~ I ,! ~ . 11 I � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_Jewish-Muskegon_March_1989 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource B'nai Israel Temple Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989-04 Title A name given to the resource Jewish Muskegon Description An account of the resource Temple bulletin for March 1989. Includes Congressional Record proceedings post from Senator Carl Levin dated November 10, 1988 discussing the Jewish Centennial celebration held in Muskegon in 1988. Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Synagogue bulletins United States. Congress--Publication of proceedings Levin, Carl, 1934- Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6311a0160a7795c8a6b9fb88ebb91853.pdf f6b213ec13f02256142702e51ef8ab92 PDF Text Text Muskegon, Michigan April 1988 Nisan/lyar 57 48 Rabbi's Message by Rabbi Alan Alpert In his preface to "A Passover Haggadah" the editor Rabbi Herbert Bronstein, dedicates the ne; Reform Haggadah in memory of his father who made him " ••• aware that I am part of a great processional still being led by a pillar of cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night, from degradation to ~lory." Ev7n before his education as a rabbi, Bronstein states, " ••• as a child, I had already glimpsed the awesome and wonderful kingdom of the sacred into which the Haggadah was an enchanted portal." As editor, Bronstein brings a vision of a spirjtual guest--to allow the ancient evolving message of the Haggadah to speak to our inner soul. Our soul recognizes and verifies the religious truths of the ancient and the modern, and longs for redemption for all humanity and a spiritual unification with God. Whether we use this or any other Haggadah, Bronstein's vision is important for us. The Haggadah should be " ••. a g~teway to the ~ctual experience of redemption, new and different each year, yet ever permanent in the realities of our history and ever reluming our vision of life." At the Seder let us enter the gateway and relive our experiences, open our minds and hearts to feel the sacred and allow it to grow each and every day. Traditional Passover Preparations On the night of March 31st, the night before Passover starts, traditional Jews will complete their thorough cleaning of the house with a search for any remaining crumbs of leavened bread (bedikat hamatz). In the morning the crumbs are burned no later than 10am. During the 8 days of Passover, only foods containing a "Kosher for Passover" label an~ fresh fruits and vegetables are eaten. Prohibited foods include anything with leavening; cereals and grains(wheat, barley, oats, rye); alcoholic beverages; and, in the Ashkenazic tradition but not the Sephardic, rice,millet, corn,and legumes(dried beans & peas,pean~ts). Dishes and untensils need to be set aside for Passover use only, or "kashered" by thoroughly scouring them in hot water, and~ 24 hour soaking in hot water. Pottery, baking dishes, and vessels which cannot be thoroughly cleaned cannot be kashered and should not be used. The oven or stove must be thoroughly cleaned and heated to highest heat for 30 minutes. A dishwasher needs to be thoroughly scrubbed and run through a complete cycle after not using it for 24 hours. The Haggadah (from "The Passover Anthology" by Philip Goodman) The Haggadah, the book that presents the order of the home service for the first two evenings of Passover, occupies a unique place in Jewish liturgy. It is an anthology of readings from the Bible, appropriate talmudic and midrashic selections and legends, prayers and blessings, hymns and songs. All these are interwoven with the ritual for the Seder--the order of the service. Product of many hands, the Haggadah has had a long development. The antiquity of the Haggadah, having its origin in the Bible, has been well established. Certain portions antedate the period of the Maccabees. Its present character was largely formed by about 200 CE, for it is described in some detail in the Mishnah, compiled by Rabbi Judah the Patriarch at that time. It was further embellished, however, during the course of succeeding centuries. The spirit pervading the Haggadah is one of longing for redemption and freedom, a belief in the survival of the Jewish people and an unyielding confidence in divine salvation. It was, therefore, natural for this work to capture the hearts of the Jewish people in all generations and to give them a sense of pride in Jewish destiny and broad perspectives on the precious values of freedom and liberty for all mankind. Endeared to Jews, the Haggadah has appeared in innumerable editions--printed, illuminated, illustrated--some without commentaries and one with as many as 238 commentaries. More than a score of translations of the Haggadah have been made and it has been adapted in various ways to serve different needs and interests. Pass0ver ~pril t-9 �♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦ t! ~~~lli !♦ ADril 1-i 7 ♦ i ♦ t♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ Passover Seder For those who have reservations for the Community Seder, the Seder will held at 6 pm on Friday, April 1, 1988, in the Temple Social Hall. If you are having a seder at your home, and need any information or questions answered, Rabbi Alpert will be happy to help you. Moses (by Ahad Ha-am, from "The Passover Anthology" by Philip Goodman) On the threshold of Jewish history the figure of Moses, the greatest of our national heroes, stands like a pillar of light. As I read the Haggadah, on Passover eve, his image hovers over me and lifts me to a higher plane, where all the doubts and questions that have been raised about Moses do not trouble me in the least. Did Moses really exist? Did his life and activities really correspond with the traditional account? Did he really save the Jewish people and give them the Torah in the form in which it has been handed down to us? Questions there are in plenty; but I wave them aside with a short and simple answer. This Moses--! say to the erudite questioners--this man of antiquity, whose existence and character you are investigating, is no concern of anybody but learned antiquarians like yourselves. We have another Moses of our own, woose image has been enshrined in the hearts of the Jewish people for centuries, and who has never ceased to influence our national life from the earliest times to the present day. The existence of this Moses of ours is a historical fact which is wholly independent of your researches. Even if you succeeded in proving beyond all doubt that the man Moses never existed, or that the actual Moses was different from our picture of him, that would not in the slightest degree affect the historical reality of the ideal Moses--the Moses who not only led us for forty years in the wilderness of Sinai, but has led us for thousands of years in all the wildernesses in which we have wandered since the Exodus ••• Seder Service Additions Please add the following two selections at your Seder: SEDER RITUAL OF REMEMBRANCE FOR THE SIX MILLION JEWS WHO PERISHED IN THE HOLOCAUST: On this night of Seder, we remember with reverence and love, the six million of our people of the European exile who perished at the hands of a tyrant more wicked than the Pharaoh who enslaved our fathers in Egypt. Come, said he to his minions, let us cut them off from being a people that the name of Israel may be remembered no more. And they slew the blameless and pure, men and women and little ones, with vapors of poison and burned them with fire. But we abstain from dwelling on the deeds of the evil ones lest we defame the image of God in which humankind was created. Now, the remnants of our people who were left in the ghettoes and camps of annihilation rose up against the wicked ones for the sanctification of the Name and slew many of them before they died. On the first day of Passover, the remnants in the Ghetto of Warsaw rose up against the adversary, even as in the days of Judah the Maccabee. "They were lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in their death, they were not divided,w and they brought redemption to the name of Israel through all the world. And from the depths of their affliction, the martyrs lifted their voices in a song of faith in the coming of the Messiah, when justice and fellowship will reign among the people. THE MATZAH OF HOPE This matzah, which we set aside as a symbol of hope for the Jews of the Soviet Union, reminds us of the indestructible links that exist between us. As we observe this festival of freedom, we recall that Soviet Jews are not free to leave without harrassment; to learn of their past; to pass on their religious traditions; to learn the language of their forebearers; to train teachers and rabbis of future generations. We remember the scores who sought to live as Jews and struggled to leave for Israel and the land of our forebearers - but now languish in Soviet labor camps. Their struggle against their oppressors goes on. They will not be forgotten. We will stand with them in their struggle until the light of freedom and redemption shines forth. Passover Supplies A check of local stores reveals that Meijers has the best selection of Passover supplies. They are carrying a fairly large selection of various matzah products, including meal, farfel, and cereal, plus macaroons, potato starch, and soup. D&W has a few things, including soup, cake mix, and egg matzah. For those willing to go farther, Wieners deli in Grand Rapids has a very good selection of Passover supplies. �Recipes for Passover EGGLESS SWEET MATZO BRIE(serves 4-6) (from "Jewish Vegetarian Cooking") Blend together: 1 C milk 2 ripe bananas 1/4 tsp. cinnamon soak 8 matzot, broken into pieces, in the above mixture. Fry in oiled pan over medium heat. Serve with applesauce. EGGLESS KNEIDLICH (from Jewish Vegetarians of North America) 4 medium potatoes 1 1/4 c. (approx.) matzo meal pepper Peel, cut up, and boil potatoes until soft. Mash add pepper to taste, and cool. Add matz~ meal gradually and knead until firm and smooth. Fill a large pot 3/4 full with water. Heat to boil. Form smooth ·balls out of the mixture and drop into boiling water or broth. Cook for about 20 minutes in the pot, covered. Do not ' overcook. Serve with your favorite soup or broth. LAYERED MATZO PUDDING (from "Jewish Vegetarian Cooking") 4-5 apples, grated or sliced thin 4 matzos 1/2 cup raisins, washed in hot water 1/4 cup butter or margarine 2 eggs 2 Tbl sugar 2 cups water or milk pinch of salt 1 tsp powdered cinnamon 3 Tbl chopped nuts l.Dip matzos in water to moisten, but not soften. Place one matzo in bottom of greased pie dish. 2.Place a layer of grated apples on top of the matzo and sprinkle with raisins. Dot with pieces of butter or margarine. 3. Repeat until all the matzos, apples and butter or margarine have been used. 4.Beat the eggs and sugar until frothy. Add water or milk, salt and cinnamon. Pour over the layers in the pie dish. 5.Sprinkle with chopped nuts. Dab with more butter or margarine. 6.Bake in a preheated 350 degree oven about 20-30 minutes. FESTIVE MACAROONS (makes about 20) (from "No Cholesterol Passover Recipes") Mix together: 16 ounces shredded coconut 4 ripe bananas, mashed 4 Tbl. cocoa 1 cup walnuts, chopped finely . Form pyramid shape clusters on a lightly oiled cookie sheet. Bake at 350 degrees for 20 minutes. (Note: Coconut is high in saturated fat.) Matzoh Is Matzoh Why is matzoh called matzoh? Because it has the shape of matzoh; it has small holes like matzoh; it is dry as matzoh; it tastes like matzoh. What else can you call it but matzoh? Matzoh Baking (from "The Passover Anthology" by Philip Goodman) In about 1857 the first Matzoh-baking machine was invented in Austria, beginning a heated controversy which raged for half a century ••• (called) "one of the most acrimonious discussions in the history of the responsa literature." However, this should not be surprising as this was, indeed, a radical innovation for the fulfilment of a duty whose execution had long ago been elaborately defined to the minutest detail. The newly invented machine kneaded the dough and rolled it through two metal rollers from which it came out thin, perforated and round. It was then placed in an oven. As the corners of the dough, cut to make the matzot round, were re-used, it was feared that the time elapsing until these pieces of dough were used again might allow them to become leavened. A later machine was developed which produced square matzot so that there would be no leftovers. I I The Still Small Voice by Abraham M. Klien The candles splutter; and the kettle hums; The heirloomed clock enumerates the tribes; Upon the wine-stained tablecloth lie crumbs Of matzoh whose wide scattering describes Jews driven in far lands upon this earth. The kettle hums; the candles splutter; and Winds whispering from shutters tell rebirth Of beauty rising in an eastern land, Of paschal sheep driven in cloudy droves; Of almond-blossoms coloring the breeze; Of vineyards upon verdant terraces; Of golden globes in orient orange-groves. And those assembled at the table dream Of small schemes that an April wind doth scheme, And cry from out the sleep assailing them, Jerusalem, next year! Next year, Jerusalem! .---- - = -- ---· ----- -- ·---- -== - =-- --= . . . - - -- -=--=== ==-- -----· --------~----=-=-=-======-===-: ---------·-·-- -- ----.:.:-- �Editorial by Aliyah Beruryah Schick we introduced the material on the proposed Chavurah Program (see accompanying article, "Chavurah") at the March Board meeting. When I finished explaining how a chavurah can meet our needs for a sense of community, for active participation, meaningful guidelines for life, and a sense of fulfillment, one of the older Temple Board members was sitting on the edge of his seat with his face all scrunched up. I thought, "Oh no, he doesn't like it. Too much change?" I took a breath, "You look puzzled." I said. "It's ten years too late!" he exclaimed. It wasn't at all that he didn't like it. On the contrary, it looks so good that one can't help think that it would have made a real difference in the past. As he went on, I wondered if the rest of us were going allow past experiences to stop us from giving this hope for our present and future a real effort. I interrupted him, saying, "I hope that you can be supportive of this if you think it is a good idea." He looked up at me, not quite ready to have been stopped from speaking. A few minutes later, after we had gone on, he said, "Yes! I will support this! It can make a real difference. This is an important thing you are doing here." I agree. We all suffer from alienation and loneliness, passivity and non-involvement, lack of direction, insecurity, and a sense of meaninglessness, not only in this society in general, but within this congregation. We like to think that we are warm and caring, that we are "family". We want very much to be that way. Perhaps the Chavurah Program can help us do it. Wouldn't that be wonderful! Spring Clean-Up The annual spring clean-up of the Temple grounds will take place on Sunday morning, April 24th, 9am to noon or thereabouts. Last year abottt a dozen people did wonders with sweeping, raking, pruning, bagging, and washing, and had a lot of fun at it! If you would like to participate, please call Rick Boyden, 798-1592, so he can plan the work. Don't forget to bring your work gloves, rakes, shovels, brooms, and pruning equipment! Building Accessibility Temple President Bob Scolnik and the Board of Trustees have been investigating the possibility of making our building more accessible for people who have difficulty with our many stairs. Unfortunately, no viable solution has been discovered. If anyone has information or suggestions on the issue, please contact Bob Scolnik. Meanwhile, let's all be aware of the problem, and offer our arms to those who may appreciate a stabilizing hand on the stairs. Chavurah An exciting result of the Temple Board brainstorming sessions of recent months is the effort to develop a Chavurah Program for the congregation. Everyone who has been involved in the research and discussion of this is very excited about the potential benefits for our members. "Chavurah" is the Hebrew word for "fellowship" which we are using to describe voluntary groups of 4 or 5 families who get together once a month for a meeting/program/activity which emphasizes Jewish values. The following is exerpted from a paper by Bernard Reisman, Ph.D., Brandeis University: "A central characteristic of the chavurah is that it offers its members the opportunity to be a part of a small, intimate community. Given the dissolution of extended family networks, the breakup of traditional neighborhoods, and the increasing bureaucratization of most modern-day institutions, people have few opportunities for primary group affiliations. For a lonely, alienated population, the chavurah is a welcome antidote. Having a small, fixed membership, the members come to know one another as people and not as anonymous, interchangeable parts. They share with one another major events and celebrations and offer support when any of their members encounters loss or adversity. " ••• Many contemporary Jews feel a sense of meaninglessness in their lives. This condition is exacerbated by the fact that a significant proportion of Jews has eagerly pursued and achieved a comfortable material existence which has •.• failed to offer a sense of fulfillment. The need remains for a beliefsystem which can help them find meaning in life beyond self-gratification. " ••• If the chavurah were only a social group it would be another of many selfgratifying, novel experiences. As an effort to draw personal meaning from one's Jewishness and to contribute to Jewish continuity, the chavurah is able to offer to members an experience of transcendence. It moves beyond the ordinary and is seen by the members as a special and significant experience. "The central thrust of contemporary society is centrifugal. Opportunites for meaningful, continuing, personalized associations are diminishing. The chavurah is a centripetral experience - one which brings people together •.• (it) is an attempt to generate a greater sense of ownership and participation by people for the individual and collective wellbeing ••• (it) provides (its members) with a means of contributing to Jewish continuity and through this they experience a sense of purpose in their own lives." Our Chavurah Committee welcomes your input on this as they proceed with the specific structure and design of the program. Please contact any of the members with your comments or questions: Aliyah Schick (chair), Merle ScolniK, Alan Oppenheimer, Shoshana Stein, Ruth Krause, Les Schick, an_g Rabbi Alpert. �• Howard Wolpe Meet Janet Hunter and Barbara Reed Representative Howard Wolpe will be our guest speaker on Friday, April 29. Services will begin at 8:00, followed by Rep. Wolpe's talk. An Oneg will follow. If you would like to join Rep. Wolpe for dinner before services at 6 pm, please call the Temple office. by Gertrude Greenberg Our Temple family can be extremely proud of our twin sisters, Janet Hunter and Barbara Reed, who came to us from Long Island, New York. Barbara has been a teacher in the Muskegon school system for 20 years. She holds a Bachelor's degree in education from Potsdam University in Potsdam, N.Y., and has done graduate work at Western University in Kalamazoo. In addition, Barbara has been a member of the Muskegon Teachers' Board for 10 years, and she represents 191 teachers on the Muskegon Area Regional Council. In our Temple Barbara has served 10 years on the Religious School Board and 3 years on the Temple Board. Barbara's husband, Bill, whom she married when he was in the Air Force at West Hampton, N.Y., grew up in Muskegon. He has several degrees, among them a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration from Grand Valley University. At present, he is in Quantico, Virginia, studying at the National F.B.I. Academy, which is the most prestigious school in the country for law enforcement officers. Janet is a graduate of the Nursing School of Wyckoff Heights Hospital in Brooklyn, N.Y. Her husband "Skip", who is an engineer at Sealed Power, was a friend of Bill Reed and also in the Air Corp at West Hampton when Janet met and married him. Janet is a successful business woman. Recently she established Shoreline Health Care Services where she has 120 employees. In the past she has cared for three of our Temple members when they were seriously ill--Maurice and Sue Friend, and Margaret Ashendorf. Janet's six children were all born in Muskegon and are a credit to their parents. Janet and Barbara, along with their husbands, did a superb job of helping our Russian family, the Spivaks. They did everything from finding an apartment, collecting and hauling in the donated furniture and household goods, and getting donations from area food stores, to greeting the newcomers on their arrival at the airport. Janet says that hearing Igor exclaim, "This is America!" when he got off the plane repaid them for all their time and labors. New Members Deborah and Ira Socol and their son Jamie have joined our congregation. They moved here from New York, where Ira was with the Bronx police department and Deborah prepared museum art exhibits. Here in Muskegon they have opened the new art gallery and framing shop, Deborah's Choice, and Ira is establishing a freelance graphic arts business, using his skills and training in graphic arts from MSU. Let's give them a warm welcome! Photograph'? Our Temple Historical Committee would like to borrow a photograph of the Webster Street side of the Temple building, showing the reflecting pool. This is for possible inclusion in the - history book for the Centennial. Please contact Alan Oppenheimer at once. Jewish Mysticism A noted authority on Jewish Mysticism, Professor Laurence Fine, of Indiana University, will be scholar-in-residence at Ahavas Israel on the weekend of April 15-17. We have been invited by Ahavas Israel to join them. Friday evening: 8:15 services; Prof. Fine on "Mysticism in Judaism: The Forgotten Tradition" Saturday: worship services, 9:30 am; lunch (by reservation); study session, 12-1, topic "Is God Male or Female? The Answer of the Kabbalists." Sunday morning: breakfast (by reservation), 10-12, Prof. Fine on "Hasidism, Kabbalah, and Contemporary Jewish Piety." Sunday afternoon:Inter-Religious Symposium, 2:30-4:30. Prof. Fine and outstanding clergy, on "Mysticism and Rationalism." To RSVP for the lunch and/or breakfast please call Ahavas Israel, 1-949-2840, Monday through Friday, 10-5. If you need a ride or could take someone else, please call Al Parker, 755-2924. The Pavarim in GR By popular request, The Jewish Cultural Council of Grand Rapids is bringing back Israel's celebrated folk-duo, The Pavarim. Yossi Hur and Ori Harpaz will present their distinctive repertoire of traditional and contemporary songs. These include selections in Hebrew, Yiddish, Ladino, Greek, Spanish, and English--all performed with a distinctive Middle East flavor. This program is especially recommended for the entire family. Part of the twentieth annual Jewish lecture and entertainment series, Spectrum 88, this program takes place on Sunday, April 17, at 8 pm, at Congregation Ahavas Israel, 2727 Michigan NE. Individual admission $8, student admission $3. �Holocaust Remembrance Day Israeli Independence On April 14th we commemorate the Holocaust with Yorn Hashoah, Holocaust Remembrance Day. The Official State of Michigan Holocaust Commemoration will take place on that day at 12:00 noon in the Rotunda of the State Capitol in Lansing. Cosponsored by the Office of Governor Blanchard,the State Legislature, and the Jewish Community Council of Metropolitan Detroit in cooperation with the Department of Managem~nt and Budget, the Michigan Jewish Network, and the Greater Lansing ~ewish Welfare Federation, the observance will feature as its theme the concept of resistance. The theme was selected to coincide with the 45th anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. Featured in the program will be: *Legislative declaration of Day of Remembrance -- presented by Senator Lana Pollack *Winner of Essay contest on the Holocaust *Music by Rosalie Gerut *Keynote remarks by Dr. Kenneth Waltzer, MSU *Candle-lighting ceremony This very important event is a statewide gathering, and it is hoped that people from around the state will make every effort to attend. If you are interested in car pooling, please call Al Parker, 755-2924. The 40th anniversary of the independence of the State of Israel occurs on the 22nd of this month. Celebrations are taking place all over the world, not only on this day, but throughout this year. . Plans are being made for our congregation to join with Temple Emanuel and Congregation Ahavas Israel for a joint celebration on May 13th. Details will be announced in next month's newsletter. Israel Bond Holders from the State of Israel Bond Office Last year Michigan's Jewish Community was urged to reinvest, at full maturity value, State of Israel Bonds which were purchased in 1973 during the Yom Kippur War. As a result, reinvestments of over $1,000,000 worth of 1973 Bonds were made during 1987 --BUT many '73 Bonds are still out there in safe deposit boxes, file cabinets and dresser drawers. If you have reinvested your '73 Bonds, Israel thanks you, but if you have not, you are again encouraged to find them and loan Israel those dollars once more through the purchase of a eurrent Israel security. In this way you will renew your partnership with Israel and help safegu&id her peacetime economy. Additionally, as of January 1, 1988, the Israel Bond Organization has been given permission by the Government of Israel to also accept 1974 Bonds, maturing in 1989, for early reinvestment. This means that you will receive full maturity value for an '73 or '74 Bond which you use towards the purchase of a current Israel security. During this time of crisis in Israel, the Jewish State needs, more than ever before, a show of American-Jewish support for its "right to exist• as an independent and secure nation. Please call or write the Israel Bond office, 24123 Greenfield Rd., Southfield, MI 48075, (313) 557-2900. 40 Years Ago ... (from "My People", by Abba Eban) On May 14, 1948 [5 Iyar 5708], Sir Alan Cunningham, the High Commissioner, with the last of his staff,left the soil of Palestine. From a cruiser outside territorial waters he signaled the end of the Mandatory era. It had been born in high exaltation. It had now expired in chaos and discredit. In a short ceremony at the Museum of Tel Aviv at 4 P.M. that day the State of Israel was born. Two hundred forty men witnessed a new page in Jewish history, as David Ben Gurion read the Proclamation of Independence: " ••• Accordingly we, members of the People's Council,representatives of the Jewish Community of Eretz-Israel and of the Zionist Movement, are here assembled on the day of the termination of the British Mandate over Eretz-Israel and, by virtue of our natural and historic right and on the strength of the resolution of the United Nations General Assembly, hereby declare the establishment of a Jewish State in Eretz-Israel, to be known as the State of Israel •••• " When the proclamation had been read, its signatories advanced to the table to give it their sanction. The Hebrew benediction was recited. "Blessed art Thou, 0 Lord our God, King of the Universe, who hast kept us alive and preserved us and enabled us to see this day." Two hundred and forty filed out into the sun-drenched street. The air-raid sirens were sounding. At the General Assembly in New York, Dr. Silver broke in on the committee's debate to announce that the State of Israel had been established. In the White House, President Truman sat with Marshall and Lovett, deliberating 9n a letter from Dr. Weizmann asking for recognition of the Jewish State. At 5:16 P.M. President Truman authorized the recognition of Israel by the United States. American diplomacy had taken an audacious and visionary course. The news of President Truman's recognition broke like a thunderbolt on the representatives of the UN in the General Assembly. It astounded the American representatives themselves.The Soviet Union was the next to grant recognition. The next morning,the young State of Israel was plunged into war. As Egyptian planes bombed the Tel Aviv area, the first immigrant ship brought detained "illegals" to the shores of a free country. In twenty-four hours a Mandate had ended, a State had been proclaimed and recognized, and an armed invasion launched. It was the most crowded day in modern Jewish history. �,=\ ·• · \·i\ . ' . i•. . • .... .. .. ·wjl April 1988 ·,· SUN q 3 NO RELIGIOUS SCHOOL lSPl"int Ll'N)d TUE MON rAIIQVl:iR A,Pril l-i Nisan/Iyar 5748 THU WED NO 17 • 6 7 8 9 Passoue:r Passoue:r Passoue11 Passoue:r Passoue:r Passoue:r Eighth Day 5 a St'1111icl'S Ot'ut t5:'9-t6:t7 Num 28:t9-25 11 12 13 18 19 20 14 Yom HasJ1oah HOLOCAUST 16 Tl'l'n 51Hp-0vl'I' 8 s,1111icl'S "Shl'mini" Lev 9:t-U:117 21 23 22 INDEPENDENCE DAY of the STATE OF ISRAEL I P11YU"im in GR 7:30 l•mAl• 8oaJ1d t'eting 211 25 tt:30 HADASSAH DONOR LUNCH 15 Nt"wsll'ttl'I' D' lint' GR Scholu- thPu GR Scholcll' th11u Sundai, Sunday REMEMBRANCE DAY i2 State Capitol GR SchobP 9-12 SPRING CLEAN-UP 2 Passoue11 6pm Communiw St'cond Sl'41l'I' St'dt'11--R VP lt11ad it ion~) Ex 12!2t-5t Num 28:tli-25 R,s,JtVations for Dano• BPunclt to twl. Schoel EREV PASSOVER FIRST SEDER RELIGIOUS SCHOOL (spPing Ll'fu) tO lwl. Schoel SAT 1 Passoue:r ,o FRI 8 S,PYices "T:z~ia-Ml'tzora" Lev t2:t-t5:33 26 27 28 29 30 HOWARD WOLPE 6 dinn•r--RSVP 8 Sfl'ViCl'S Achtll'l'-Kedoshim Ll'v 16:1-20:27 talk L!fJ Rep Wolpe neg Ahavu IsH•l's Ahavas Israel t00 Centenni.J �Yahrzeits Contributions (To be memorialized April 1) Jacob Libner Nisan 10 Yetta Greenbaum Nisan 11 Richard Vanderleest March 29 Eileen Cahill March 29 Moses Pitkowsky Nisan 12 Joseph Wiener* Nisan 12 Dr. Norman Fleishman March 30 Samuel Broutman* March 31 Ellis Chevlin* March 31 Bernaut Zeligkovits* Nisan 14 Frida Zeligkovits* Nisan 14 Blanka Zeligkovits* Nisan 14 Bella Zeligkovits* Nisan 14 Malke Zeligkovits* Nisan 14 David Zeligkovits* Nisan 14 Mandel Zeligkovits* Nisan 14 Harvey Shaperia Nisan 14 Libby Bloomfield April 1 May Vanderleest April 1 Leo Fonstein April 1 FUND RAISER Rabbi Alan and Anna Alpert Albert and Helen Parker (To be memorialized April 8) Louis Aron* April 4 Morris Kantor* April 6 Craig Silberman April 6 Maurice Brow April 7 Milton Steindler* April 7 Mandel Clayman Nisan 22 Louis Darmstadter April 9 (To be memorialized April 15) Ester Gudelsky April 10 Sara Neumer April 12 Harvey Shapiro April 13 Harold Rosen April 14 (To be memorialized April 22) Louis Levin April 17 Rose Kohn* Iya r 5 Blanche Muskovitz April 22 Margaret Ashendorf April 22 Reuben Berman* April 23 (To be memorialized April 29) Rachael Stromberg* Iyar 7 Joseph Blumbli!rg Iyar 8 Samuel Stromberg* Iyar 9 Abraham Fishbein Iyar 11 Paul Wiener* April 29 (To be memorialized May 6) Doris Mandel* Iyar 14 Herbert Kohn May 1 Samuel Ashendorf* May 4 Milford Reed May 4 Harold Page* May 5 Benjamin Gudelsky May 6 Henrietta Bloomfield May 7 Letter Thanks to Rabbi for his visits and calls during my recent illness and hospitalization. And thanks to members of the community for their calls and cards. Doris Stromberg JAY SINGER MEMORIAL FUND Jack and Edith Lipman LIBRARY FUND Maurice and Doris Stromberg, in memory of Elliott Cohen GENERAL FUND Salome Schick, in honor of Lester and Aliyah Schick on their anniversary Anniversaries There are no anniversaries in April, so, let's wish an extra "Mazel Tov" to all of our "mid-anniversary" couples! Newsletter Sponsors 1987-88 INDIVIDUALS (at $50 or more) Gil Ashendorf Dora and Lou Berman P.P. Julia and Howard Bruelbeck Sandra and Jeffrey Kommit Barbara and Jesse Levin Alisa and Joseph Osipovich BUSINESSES (at $100 or more) (Your company name?) Support our Newsletter! Become a Sponsor! Bits 'n Pieces **David Alpert just turned 3 years old! Do you believe it has been three years? Mazel Tov, David and family! **Les Schick has joined the Coast Guard Auxiliary, passed his BQ(?), and is now an ensign! Don't forget to salute him! **Andi Kahn is busy testing recipes for son Alan's upcoming bar mitzvah celebration! While things are baking she is studying lines for tryouts for local stage productions! **Roz Muskovitz has two of her wonderful computer graphics being shown in the Regional Show at the Muskegon Museum of Art! Besides doing her own creative work, and teaching art and design classes at Grand Valley, she is trying to get the college to allow her to introduce computer assisted design classes to the curriculum! **Have you seen Joel Rubin on TV? He tells us that the TV station had originally designed his commercial to sound like a used car dealer's ad! Needless to say he did a lot of rewriting and ended up with a very tasteful commercial! •.. What next? Will he and Bob Scolnik, our other "TV star", do an ad together? .•• discount on brake parts with every surgery? �Religious School by Merle Scolnik, Principal The Religious School Children invite you to a Mothers' Day Brunch,, on Sunday, May 8th, at 11:30 AM, in the Temple Social Hall. Please be sure to RSVP to the Temple Office by May 5th, so that the children will know how many places to set at the table. Dads volunteering to cook and clean-up (see related article below, "Dads") please contact Merle Scolnik, 780-2748. Sunday, May 15th, will be the last day of Religious School for this year. A Picnic and Game Day is being planned with lots of fun for all. We hope to see all of the children there. Dads Hey you Dads! How about coming down on Sunday, May 8th and helping the children prepare brunch for the special ladies in our community. We need Dads to both cook and clean up. Lots of fun promised to all! How about it? Please let Merle Scolnik (780-2748) know that you will be there. Centennial History Book by Marcia Garrigan Exciting news! The Centennial History Book will soon go to press! The history of the Jewish community in Muskegon was researched by a committee from the congregation consisting of Alan Oppenheimer, chairperson, Rabbi Alan Alpert, Anna Alpert, Isadore Ashendorf, Fran Boyden, Marcia Garrigan, David Kolbe, and Ruth Krause. As you have already read in the pre-publication announcement, the book was written by Dr. Dennis Devlin, professor of history at Grand Valley State University. It will be dedicated by Senator Carl Levin on September 24, 1988, at the Muskegon County Museum, at the opening of the Anne Frank Photographic Exhibition from the Anne Frank Home in Amsterdam. Be sure to send in the form at the bottom of the flyer to reserve your books at the special pre-publication price of $7.95 per copy. Beginning August 1, 1988, the price will be $9.95 per copy. If for some reason you did not receive your pre-publication announcement in the mail, please contact Margaret in the Temple office. If you can think of any out of town friends who might enjoy a copy of the book, please let Margaret know. The Muskegon Museum of Art and the Hackley Public Library have been kind enough to send our pre-publication announcement in their regular mailing to all of their members. Ye Booke Nooke, Hages Christian Supplies, the Norton Shores Branch and North Muskegon Branch of the County Library will also make the pre-publication announcement available. It is wonderful that so many groups outside of our Temple community are truly interested in our history boo~ and in our centennial celebratio~, ~n~ h~ve offered to help with the sale and ld 7 s 'ti~ution of our history book. I It Social Action by Shirley Rapoport As the horror continues in Israel one looks for Jewish voices to address it. Here is Arthur Waskow of Philadelphia in "Sh'ma, a Journal of Jewish Responsibility," April 15, 1988. "At first Pharoah hardened his own heart. When Israelite demonstrators come to him to say 'Let our people go!' he responds with a more bitter subjugation: 'Go make bricks without straw.' When they persist and when God--the very Truth and Power of the universe --closes in upon him with the first few plagues, he hardens his heart and head still more. "And then God takes over. Pharaoh loses the ability to choose. Even when his own advisers say to him, 'Don't you understand that you are destroying Egypt?' he cannot change. Now God--Reality--is turning his rigidity, which he thinks will save him, into what will actually destroy him. "It is as if he has been smoking crack-once, twice, thrice, he is still choosing-and then the addiction takes over. "Rarely have we faced the danger that the leaders of the Jewish people might use power in a Pharaonic way. Yet that is now our danger. That the Israeli government will become addicted to its own rigidity, and bring down upon Israel and all Jewry even worse plagues than have already begun. "If we want to prevent the recent choices of hard-heartedness from becoming an addiction to hard-heartedness, the addiction that brings down still worse plagues upon us, what must we do? What would we do, what risks would we take, to prevent a beloved sister, brother, spouse, from becoming addicted to crack?" Here is Rabbi Balfour Brickner, same source: "American Jews need to begin a serious and major effort to tell our political leadership that they will not lose our support if they advocate a two-state solution or suggest that Israel sit down with the PLO as well as with the Palestinians and those who speak for Arab states." Reeva Levy Moving by Ruth Krause Our dear friend, Reeva Levy, has moved this April to live near her daughter, Sukey Denniss. Her new address is Shalom Apts, il Shalom Drive, Warwick, Rhode Island. Reeva has lived in Muskegon since 1930, and with her husband, Reuben, raised two fine children here. She has been active in the Temple as a Sunday School teacher, a choir member and a study group participant. She has been President of, and a hard worker in, both Sisterhood and Hadassah, and has given many volunteer hours to the Red Cross. In recent years illness has slowed her activity, but it has not dimmed her interest in the community or her love for the Temple. We will miss you greatly, Reeva, and we wish you health and contentment in your new home. �A"Bichur Mitzvah holim," the mitzvah of visiting and care of the sick is an important mitzvah. By remembering the sick it is considered as if taking away part of the illness. During Evelyn Singer's hospitalization it would be nice to let her know that we are thinking of her. Please send cards to her c/o Pine Rest Christian Hospital, Stuart Center, 6850 S. Division St., Grand Rapids, 49508. 1~J~1~(~)E,(~l~l~IS.l.~.~~9~::)§J_~§@-~ ~ u ~ I~ m; ro'i I ~ ChC,\,r(ott~ Joy Mi(n~r-BC,\,rr~,y I l :;m ~® Please join us in the Simcha of naming our granddaughter :,:.i_:··.;, m;i m; Ji Bc.\by NC,\,,,tin~ ;&;; 8:00 p.m. Friday, May 27 in the Temple An oneg in her honor will follow services. Charlotte is the daughter of Carla and Philip Milner-Barry and comes to Muskegon direct from Tokyo, Japan! J ~ Shirley and Dan Rapoport ::::@@(~:{s~@!•9-J§~""'@)~_:@?~<9»-J§ NON·PMrlT OF:l'i. Congregation B'nai Israel 391 W. Webster Avenue Muskegon, Michigan 49441 IJ.S. POSTAG-E PAID Affiliated with UAHC MU~t;tc.vtt I'll f'ERMIT NO.Bl ;:;.--... . 1 l ,,.,--... M ,. 1, TI ::1 A , i1 lj , "The Newsletter" is published monthly by Congregation B'nai Israel, Muskegon, Michigan. Please send any suggestions for articles, comments, and letters to the Temple office. Aliyah Schick, Editor Assistant Editors: Andrea Kahn, Shoshana Stein, and Doris Stromberg Writers: Rabbi Alan Alpert, Anna Alpert, Marcia Garrigan, Ruth Krause, Shirley Rapoport, Bob Scolnik, Merle Scolnik, secretary Margaret Hanger ..... ,.. • 4 1 ....... �Muskegon, Michigan May· 1988 lyar /Sivan 57 48 Rabbi's Message by Rabbi Alan Alpert Neither the Holocaust nor Passover were complete in and of themselves. The Rabbis have taught us that the Exodus of Passover was completed only after God gave us the Torah at Shavuot. The Passover-Shavuot connection serves to broaden our perspective and to see that the freedom from slavery needed to include the transformation which would give us the freedom to lead a godly life based on the teachings of the Torah. That message was and continues to be central in our Jewish Heritage. The link between Passover and Shavuot is a natural one. What can possibly be linked to the Holocaust which will give it meaning to future generations? It is so difficult to see through the smoke of the chimneys. We live too close to the hellish era to see anything but brutality, cowardice, and evil. The dark cloud of the Holocaust is still on the horizon threatening to open up with drops of blood and tears. For us the message is "Never Again." However, there is a link. It is what Rabbi Harold Schulweis calls "Hakarat hatov"--the recognition of goodness. Despite the darkness there were courageous men, women, and children who braved all odds and risked everything to save Jewish lives. These Righteous Christians redeemed the image of man from the abyss. In the April issue of "Moment" Rabbi Schulweis writes that " ... 'Hakarat hatov' is an affirmation that human nature goes beyond selfishness. 'Hakarat hatov' is not a denial of the presence of cruelty in human society, but a refusal to be blinded by cynicism and despair. It is the effort to make ourselves aware of human kindness and self sacrifice. Nor is 'hakarat hatov' simply a passive acknowledgment of goodness. It entails a moral imperative to cherish and protect goodness. It is incumbent on us to remember goodness and to add some measure of joy to the rescuers among us." There has never been a full accounting of what happened to the rescuers and how they are living today. However it is known that Righteous Christians were often held in contempt, persecuted, or worse for their heroic actions by their own neighbors and countrymen. Today many live desperate lives in need of emotional, medical, and financial help. Rabbi Schulweis points out that " •.• the · memory of evil and the record of its acts are better known than the memory of goodness and its deeds. That evil should be enshrined in our annals while goodness is ignored or barely footnoted is a tragic miscarriage of justice." (continued next page) From Our President by Robert Scolnik, Congregation President Last week Israel celebrated its 40th anniversary. I, as I am sure many of you do, read the daily accounts of violence in Israel and wonder about the future. We are all very much concerned about where the Jewish state is headed. I wish I had some answers to these very tough problems but I do not. I know that many of my fellow Jews are quick to criticize Israel and we are sometimes our own worst critics. But Israel at 40 has seen other tough times and this latest violence is just another addition to the pattern of hostility which pervades the Middle East. Israel's accomplishments over the last 40 years will probably be overshadowed by this latest violence. How this small country grew from a desert to a great modern nation in just 40 short years is a miracle. And I can only hope and believe that this latest crisis will also be solved. I hope that you will continue to support Israel and that our prayers for peace will be answered. AnnUAL ITTEET,nu Ana ELECT,□n �The Torah at Buchenwald from The Ye llow Star, by S.B.Unsdorf e r Strangely enough it was on th e pyre of th e camp, in that nellhole of Buchenwald, that 1 received my first injection of vitamin R -Religious Revival. A few days before our scheduled departure for Czechoslovakia, the camp loudspeakers blazed out an announcement that the Jewish chaplain to the U.S. forces would be conducting religious services in the evening to mark the festival of Shavuot -- the anniversary of the receiving of the Law by the Jewish people on Mount Sinai. Having lost my handwritten diary, as well as my Haggadah, during the march from NiederOrschel to Buchenwald, this announcement came as a pleasant yet disturbing surprise. Since my childhood I had always looked forward eagerly to the arrival of our wonderful and inspiring festivals, and particularly so in the tragic war years. But I wondered whether we weren't being put to a test too soon. Who among those thousands of physical and mental cripples would want to attend services and prayers so soon after their tragic experiences? The Festival of the Receiving of the Torah! Within a few weeks after liberation, religion, which had seemed to do so little for us, was now challenging us and our loyalties. But just as you cannot measure the physical strength of an oppressed people, so you cannot gauge its spiritual wealth and power. On that evening, Buchenwald staged a fantastic demonstration or f-ait nd 1-eyttlty to God. Thousands upon thousands of liberated Jews crowded into the specially vacated block for the first postwar Jewish religious service to be held on the soil of defeated Germany. The "Mussulmanner", the cripples, the injured, and the weak came to demonstrate to the world that the last ounce of their strength, the last drop of their blood, and the last breath of their lives belonged to God, to Torah, and to the Jewish religion. As Chaplain [Herschel] Schacter intoned the evening prayers, all the inmates in and outside the block stood in silence, reaccepting the Torah whose people, message, and purpose Hitler's Germany had attempted to destroy. Jewish history repeated itself. Just as our forefathers who were liberated from Egypt accepted the Law in the desert, so did we, the liberated Jews of Buchenwald, reaccept the same Law in the concentration camps of Germany. Needed Your help with the following is needed and would be very much appreciated: **Volunteers to clean the Torah silver **Donations for the purchase of a Temple computer **Volunteer to coordinate Newsletter photography **Dads to help with Mother's Day Brunch **Grocery receipts from Eberhards and D&W **Library volunteer **Newsletter Bits 'n Pieces writer If you are interested in any of these opportunities to help, please contact the office. -;;0;6~~~~~~---~ ~~~~~~~~~o~o~ 0 e 0 ~ }•,;c,;;:.c.-;:.,:i,::,c.:.G~Ci>';)C\Vi)GV,)Gi)~ '<)~Ci'i)Ci-;:)G'i'i:> ;j i >·~ ~ ~isttlbrnt0Hs ~J <i.h I ~~ ~110~ tl :>i~ imr~J!~ ti a-=-(~i· > ~ l~ } • .J -~ \~ >~.- .g ~ j ·~ ~ ~ ~ ~j (-;1> Gi - l v~ ~, . - -. . . _::•:•:•.···· •·❖:::· c· ·•·❖ :;:::::•~S) .... .::::._....... ~ You are invited to CLOSING SISTERHOOD 'rEA Tuesday, May 17th at 7 PM in the Temple Social Hall Watch for your invitation in the mail. \~ ~ u'{ ~ ~ ii~ i i ~ i i~ i~ ~ ~ :! : ~ o < \ r o ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 Creative Service Class Rabbi Alpert will be offering a course for the congregation this month entitled "The Prayerbook and Creative Servicei." After an examination of the "Gates of Prayer" and some creatlve services the class will write a creative service. Plan to join the Rabbi in the Temple Social Hall May 13, 20, and 27, at 12 noon. Bring your own brown bag lunch. Rabbi's Message, continued Last year Rabbi Schulweis established the Fund to Sustain Righteous Christians in order to recognize the goodness and prevent that miscarriage of justice. The Fund is concerned with identifying the rescuers, retelling their stories, and entering into their lives so that they need not be alone and that they will be able to live their final years with companionship, peace, and respect. We must never forget the evil of the Holocaust. At the same time we cannot ignore the goodness. The message of "Never Again" must be forged with "hakarat hatov" so that future generations will see a broader perspective, root out evil, and cherish goodness. Action is long overdue to assist the rescuers. Rabbi Shulweis notes, "The time is short but whatever powers we have, we must let these rescuers and the world know that they are not alone. These remarkable spirits who would not betray the image of God in them must be helped through our friendship to live out their remaining years in dignity. They are models for the education of our young. They remind us of the possibilities of working for a better future and a healthier society." Don't forget these ordinary people who were so extraordinary. Please give generously to the Fund to Sustain Righteous Christians, 823 United Nations Plaza, 10th Floor, New York, NY 10017. �May 1988 SUN 1 10 Religious School TUE MON 2 lyar/6ivan 57 48 3 THU WED 4 FRI 6 5 LAG B'0MER SAT 7 8 Services "En1or" le11 2t:t-211:23 8 10 Reli,ious Sc ool 11 :30 MOTHERS' DAY 1,RUNCH 9 10 11 12 IR VP) 15 10 LAST DAY OF RELIGIOUS SCHOOL PICNIC AND GAME DAY 22 ~rn Shavuot nl ~ • 29 ,.:l ,i1 13 t2 Creative Stl'vice Class 14 YouO, Group Activity- to he announctd 8 Sel'vices Behar-Bechukotia ltv 25:t-27:311 16 17 7:30 Tem~le Boill'd eet ing 7§m CLOSING SI TERH000 TEA Social Hall 23 24 7:3'am ANNUAL M TINToAND ELECT N in tht TtmJle Sociu H I 30 1e· Newsletter Deadline 31 19 20 12 Creative Service Class 21 8 Community Shavuot Service Ex 19:i-20:23 Bil,le Dedication 0neg 25 26 27 t2 Creative Sel'vice Class 8 Su•11ices "Naso" Hum 11:21-7:99 Namin3 Rapo~Ol't gran daugh ti' 0neg UPCOMING: 6/10 Naming of Rachel Kommit 6/11 2pm Youth Group & parents meet w/ MSTY Advisor 28 �Yahrzeits (To be memorial;zed May 6) Doris Mandel* Iyer 14 Herbert Kohn May 1 Samuel Ashendorf* May 4 Milford Reed May 4 Harold Page* May 5 Benjamin Gudelsky May 6 Henrietta Bloomfield May 7 {To be memorialized May 13) Sue Friend* May 8 Marcia Rosen May 10 Rebecca Zorn May 13 (To be memorialized May 20) Martin M. Fox May 15 Harry Fisher May 21 (To be memorialized May 27) Meyer Jacobs* Sivan 7 Molly Fonstein May 24 Edward Chevlin May 25 Carol Charlotte Steindler* May 27 (To be memorialized June 3) Oscar Wajntraub June Anita Druker* June 2 Samuel Price* June 3 Anniversaries Jessie and Ted Neumer MAZEL. TOVJ Contributions GENERAL FUND Edward Larson, for a joyful Passover Bits 'n Pieces **Congratulations to Bill Reed on his graduation from the prestigious FBI School in Washington, D.C. I He is among a select few of outstanding Law Enforcement Officers! **There was a lovely feature article in the Northshore Times about Dana Ashendorf and her extensive animal figurine collection! Her favorite is of a quarterhorse foal that her husband Jacob found for her! **Rabbi Alpert and Steve Rubin emerged bleary-eyed from the Temple on the morning after chaperoning the Teen Sleep-Over! Wonder if they got any sleep? According to Susan Rubin the teens didn't want to leave! It must have been a great success! Rides to Temple If you need a ride to Temple, or if you are available to give one, please call Al Parker, at 755-2924, preferably two days before the event. He will help coordinate rides. Temple Off ice Hours Rabbi: Tues thru Thurs 10:30am-12noon; Tues 1:45-3:lSpm; and by appointment. Secretary: Mon thru Thurs 8:30am-12:30pm. Temple phone: 722-2702 Grads? Please share your joy with us as members of your family graduate from high school and institutions of higher education this June. Drop a note to the Temple office with all the information by May 15th. ~ I ~illlIB I 0 @;;;;;;;;;; l::=::~f( ~ lli11:JLlllll..15 MlTIIIIB -<; ®·········· ®:,:,:,:-:, 00 ~ ~ ·® ® L-l~L-L--1.............................. ® ® I® ~f.ND~ I® ® ® Hire Youth Group members to help clean up your home and yard @ @ @ . @ @ @ @ @ AND support our fundraiser at the same time! .@. Call for further information: Jeff Kahn, 780-4560 or Steven Rubin, 755-2699 (Youth Group Advisor) ® ® ® ® @ @ @ ~ ® ® @ ® @ ® -00 Youth Group Nine members of our new Temple Youth Group had a great time at their overnight at the Temple in April. Plans are being made for a fun activity for Saturday, May 14th. Horseback riding or bowling are possibilities. Call the Temple office for an update. A fundraiser is underway. The group is offering their services to congregants for help with yard or house spring cleaning chores. Need some work done? To make arrangements, or to get more information, please call Jeff Kahn, 780-4560, or Youth Group Advisor Steven Rubin, 755-2699. Newsletter Deadline Please note that the LAST day to submit material for the June Newsletter will be Tuesday, May 17th! Newsletter Sponsors 1987-88 INDIVIDUALS (at $50 or more) Gil Ashendorf Dora and Lou Berman P.P. Julia and Howard Bruelbeck Sandra and Jeffrey Kommit Barbara and Jesse Levin Alisa and Joseph Osipovich Support our Newsletter! Become a Sponsor! �Torah Silver from the Temple House Committee In conjunction with our project to completely clean up our Temple, our Torah silver needs cleaning and polishing. We would like to have help from congregants to do this. Every two months would be a practical interval for polishing the breast plates,Torah crowns, and pointers. We are hopeful that we will have enough members in our congregation to help with this project. Instruction is available, and people can work together. If you would like to be a polisher once or twice a YEAR, contact Alan Oppenheimer, 755-2814. It has been said that to work with Torahs is a mitzvah. Even if it isn't wouldn't you feel good all over? . . Jewish Chat~uqua Society: Rabbi Alpert - - (Chautauqua -press release) Under the aupices of the Jewish Chautauqua Society (JCS), Rabbi Alan Alpert will lecture on "Judaism" at Holland Christian High School in Holland, Michigan on April 11, 1988. JCS, in addition to endowing courses, assigns,rabbinic lecturers to colleges and secondary schools, donates books of Judaica to libraries, distributes a large film collection, and sponsors Interfaith Institutes for Christian Clergy in its goal of improved interfaith relations. JCS is the educational arm of the National ederation of Temple Brotherhoods, which is comprised of 400 Temple Brotherhoods with over 60,000 members in the United States. Canada, and abroad. It is affiliated with the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, parent body of Reform Judaism. Rabbi Alpert, spiritual leader of Congregation B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan, was ordained at Hebrew Union College--Jewish Institute of Religion in Cincinnati, in 1975. Religious School _ by Merle Scolnik, Principal Thank you teens for the wonderful Purim Carnival we had on the 6th of Marchi The kids had a great time! A special thank you goes to Mark Singer for repainting the stage steps and repairing our Purim games. Also, thank you parents for the delicious lunch for Purim and the Model Seder for Passover. The first two weeks in April will be our Spr~ng Vacation. See everyone on Sunday, April 17th. Religious School will meet this month on April 17 and 24. Save May 8th for the Mother's Day Brunch. RSVP's need to be in to the Temple office by May 5th if you and your family will be coming for the Mother's Day Brunch. We need Dads to help the kids out with the cooking and clean up for the Brunch. It's a lot of fun! Please contact Merle Scolnik to volunteer to help, 780-2748. -- Newsletter Deadline Please note that the LAST day to submit material for the May Newsletter will be Friday, April 15th! • Centennial Notes (From the Winter 1988 issue of the "Muskegon Intermediate School District News") submitted by Sylvia Kaufman The Jewish Centennial Education Committee for area schools is coordinating interdisciplinary learning activities in recognition of the Centennial of Congregation B'nai Israel. Over two years of planning by the Community Centennial Committee has flowered into a dynamic year of cultural and artistic events beginning in September, 1988. Teachers are encouraged to take advantage of events such as the photographic exhibit from the Anne Frank home and the theatrical production of "The Diary of Anne Frank" by Muskegon Civic Theatre. Itzhak Perlman, Jeffrey Siegel, and the Soviet Emigre Orchestra are a few of the performing musicians that are scheduled for next year. Artists and enthusiasts will be thrilled with the Chagall exhibit and children's art from the Israeli Kibbutz. Many lectures, slide shows, films, and videos will be available. Preview and inservice opportunities will be announced by the MAISD for the educational video series. "Heritage, Civilization and the Jews." Other materials will be available for coordinating committee members listed [for each of the twelve participating school districts) .•• Our community has a unique opportunity through this Centennial celebration to realize a greater appreciation of Jewish life and culture and its contributions to society. Teachers are encouraged to help students take advantage of the many opportunities provided during the Centennial year. Similar observances of other cultures could be planned along the lines represented by the Jewish Centennial model. An Invitation trom Congregation Ahavas Israel Congregation Ahavas Israel of Grana Rapids invites the entire Jewish Community to join our Congregation's gala Centennial Celebration. The following special events are scheduled to co~memorate this exciting 100th Anniversary: Friday, April 29, 8:15 pm - Services with Cantor Zvee Aroni Saturday, April 30, 9:30 am - Services with Rabbi Hayyim Kieval, Cantor Aroni, and the Shir Shalom Choir Sunday, May 1 - Cocktails at 6:30 pm Gala Dinner and Reception at 7:30 pm Donation $18.00 per person You are cordially invited to join us for one or all of the events of this memorable weekend. This is indeed a landmark occasion for us as a Congregation and we are eager to share our pride and nachas with others. Plans are nearing completion for this unforgettable milestone and we hope you will be a part of it with us. For more information, please call Rosalie Rotenberg at 1-245-8693. �Criticizing Israel (exerpts from A.M. Rosenthal, Detroit Free Press, March 9, 1988) Many of us have been saying the same things about Israel: Israel cannot go on forever being an occupying power. Jews must not break bones. Israeli use of force against young Palestinians is costing Israel support around the world. Israel must enter negotiations on Gaza and the West Bank. Right--but sometimes when I hear or read these points, which I have made myself, made over and over by others, I find myself deeply uneasy. It is not because there is no validity in them,but because so often they are presented empty of the historic realities that brought about the crisis and must be understood tb find a way out. This is an attempt to set down the political, military and historic truths that raise fears about the road that many American intellectuals, journalists and senators are demanding Israel take. CAUSES: The critics' implication is that the cause of the current crisis is Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir's opposition to an international conference and his refusal to agree in advance to cede West Bank territory. This is not true. The cause is 40 years of Arab refusal to accept the existence of Israel,40 years of furious hostility and military attempts to destroy Israel. You do not have to like Shamir to realize that if the Arabs had accepted Israel in the beginning or for 20 years thereafter, all of the West Bank and Gaza and other territory would today be part of a Palestinian state. If you believe that the very existence of Israel is anathema,you are right to see Israel's policies as the root cause of the Mideast ugliness--otherwise not. OCCUPATION: Some critics also act as if it were Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza in 1967 that led to so many years of unrest and skirmishing there. This, too, is historic distortion. It was the Arat countries that seized Gaza and the West Bank, which were to be part of the Palestinian state under the 1947 United Nations partition plan,and occupied them for 20 years --not in peace but with constant harassment and attack against Israel. Finally,Israel struck back. Israel's unhappy occupation of the West Bank is a result, not the cause,of aggression--Arab aggression. NEGOTIATION: With whom and for what? The United States proposes an international conference with the Big Five participating.Since Britain and France are cool to Israel and the Soviet Union and China are hostile, the chicken is being invited to negotiate under the sponsorship of four foxes and a lame dove. To think the major powers would not pressure Israel for Arab advantage is not only naive but black comedy. It is not the Big Five Israel must live with, but the Palestinians and other Arabs. Which Arab states have promised to negotiate directly with Israel? None.Which Arab leaders are criticizing Palestinians sworn to the elimination of Israel? Where are the "moderate" (continued next column, see "Criticizing") Historical Notes: Stone for Our Temple by Alan Oppenheimer I came across something that might be of interest to the readers of the Temple bulletin. It is a file entitled "Specifications for the Construction of a Jewish Center and House of Worship, Muskegon, Michigan." Dated April 12, 1946, architects: Grunsfeld, Yerkes, Lichtmann, & Koenig, of Chicago. "All of the following shall be of rockfaced Ashlar: all wall surfaces of the building proper, including the garden side of the retaining walls enclosing the sunken gardens which are entered from the stairs leading from Webster Avenue, the garden side of the reflecting pool walls and the exposed faces of the walls leading to the sunken garden." I think that there are a number of congregants who are not aware that the area in front of the Temple office windows, now covered with greenery, was originally a reflecting pool, which did contain water. The specifications also call for the use of some cut stone and some dressed stone, with this notation: "All stone is to be Lannon Stone, taken from the quarries of the Wisconsin Lannon Stone Corporation at Lannon, Wisconsin. The color shall be quarry run,approximately 10% in light buff color, but NO rust colored stones shall be used." Criticizing, continued Palestinians who can swerve the young men of Gaza and the West Bank away from seeking Israel's death? STAKES: Israel is fighting for survival.The Arab states are fighting out of anti-Israel hatred and fear of the Palestinians. The young Palestinians are fighting for a new Palestinian state because they hate the ruler of a present state with a Palestinian majority:Jordan.They plan to eliminate King Hussein one day and swallow Jordan as part of their own single Palestine. As things stand, any ceded West Bank territory will become a de facto state run by the Palestine Liberation Organization and other Palestinians sworn to destroy Israel. Those young Palestinians would be hurling not stones from their territory but rockets. SOLUTIONS: Open pressure on Israel to make concessions must be accompanied by open pressure on the Arabs. Palestinians must accept totally and clearly the right of Israel to live forever, secure and in peace. The United States and the Arab leaders can achieve this and guarantee it, if we have the will and they the courage. Shamir may not promise in advance to cede "territory for peace"--that is what direct talks are for--but the definition of peace cannot mean Palestinians continuing war to the death. They,too,must feel hard pressure to do some ceding, specifically of their demand for another Palestinian state in a region where one already exists, and to negotiate in peaceful stages for the eventual goal: a single Jordan-Palestine. Americans have a right to criticize Israel. They have a right to suggest solutions--but not the suggestion of suicide. �a·& Aon Israel L. .J Re,. /5/>D •, :, :•··il · •: •: · Hem~r4 ····•·W·W 1·1 ............... .., we,, ~rn r Rides to Temple 4 f you need a ride to Temple, or if you are available to give one, please call Al Parker, at 755-2924, preferably two days before the event. He will help coordinate rides. Computer for Temple The Board has decided to begin the process of getting a computer for the Temple office. The computer will handle word processing, the newsletter, mailing list, financial records, yahrzeits, etc. The first step is to ask if anyone has an IBM compatible computer that they would be willing to donate. If you would consider this, please contact Les Schick, 744-0452, or Bob Scolnik, 780-2748. Spruce-up Thanks to the efforts of the Temple House Committee and Sisterhood our Temple building is being dramatically spruced up! We can really be proud of it! With new wallpaper, paint, and upholstery the Sisterhood has completely transformed the downstairs women's lounge and bathroom. Sisterhood workers have now turned their attention to the painting of the kitchen and the social hall. Members of the House Committee Julia Bruelbeck and Alan Oppenheimer recently spent four hours evaluating the cleaning needs of our building, from top to bottom. Their goal of establishing a routine cleaning plan for our custodian has expanded to include some additional plans for extra cleaning to really spruce up the facility. Note the appeal for volunteers to clean the Torah silver (see page 9), and the outdoor grounds spring clean up scheduled for April 24th (see page 4). Let's renew our pride in our building and in our congregation! Get involved! (exerpt from the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations} Q:Does the Palestinian struggle differ from the struggles of South African blacks or the opposition of South Korea or from the American civil rights movement? A:Yes. All those movements have sought to win rights denied them by their governments. They have not sought to deny the rights of others, nor have they announced as their purpose the destruction of the governments whose policies they seek to change, nor have they rejected any invitation to negotiate a peaceful resolution of their differences with these governments. The Palestinians have never given negotiation a chance • Nothing could be farther from the Christian nonviolence of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., than the premeditated murder of women and children that the PLO has consistently offered instead of diplomacy. The comparison of Israel to South Africa, though often made, is especially grotesque ••• Israel is a democratic state, all of whose citizens are entitled to vote, regardless of color or religion. Israeli Arabs serve in the high ranks of the army and represent Israel as members of its diplomatic corps. Israel assumed the responsibility for the occupied territories as a result of a war which it did not want and was forced to fight in its own defense. It is surrounded by hostile neighbors who, for the past forty years (with the exception of Egypt},have maintained an unremitting military and diplomatic siege. The white government in Pretoria turns a deaf ear to all calls for negotiations. The Israeli government, by contrast, calls for negotiations and is met with silence. Kids: Picture This! You're spending this summer swimming, boating, playing softball, horseback riding, singing, dancing, drawing, making lifelong friends, and learning about what it means to be Jewish. Doesn't that sound great? It IS great! It's Olin-Sang-Ruby Union Institute, the Reform movement Camp in Ocomonowoc, WiscGnsin. If you're entering 3rd through 12th grades, you can do all this and more. OSRUI has an extensive arts program, a fabulous creative Hebrew program, and a beautiful lakefront. There are six different units from which to choose, depending on your age and interests: The main section is Kallah (grades 3-8), but there are also three tenting units --Kibbutz HaTzofim (grades 4-8), Moshava (grades 9-12), and Mosh West (grades 10-13) --and two Hebrew units --Chavurah (grades 8 and 9) and Chalutzim (grades 10 and 11). OSRUI truly has something for everyone. Most sessions are still open, but they won't be for long. For registration information contact the Camp office at 100 W. Monroe St., Chicago, IL 60603, (312) 782-1477 �Youth Happening On April 15th the teens of our Congregation are planning to have a social event and sleep over at the Temple. The last time they did this it was a lot of fun and judged successful by everyone. If you haven't signed up for this, do it quick! More adults are needed to help with the event. If you would like to participate, to volunteer or need more information, please call Merle Scolnik, 780-2748. Special Thanks Special thanks go to Julia Bruelbeck for HAND WASHING our two Israel flags. They had become discolored over the years; now they are clean and they sparkle! Temple Office Hours Rabbi: Tues thru Thurs 10:30am-12noon; Tues 1:45-3:lSpm; and by appointment. Secretary: Mon thru Thurs 8:30am-12:30pm. Temple phone: 722-2702 12Congregation B'nai Israel 391 W. Webster Avenue Muskegon, Michigan 49441 Affiliated with UAHC NON·PROrlT OR,. U.S. POSTA,c PAID MU!iKt:,oN. Ml PERMIT N0.131 "The Newsletter" is published monthly by Congregation B'nai Israel, Muskegon, Michigan. Please send any suggestions for articles, comments, and letters to the Temple office. Aliyah Schick, Editor Assistant Editors: Andrea Kahn, Shoshana Stein, and Doris Stromberg April Issue Contributors: Rabbi Alan Alpert, Marcia Garrigan, Art Greenberg, Gertrude Greenberg, Sylvia Kaufman, Alan Oppenheimer, Bob Scolnik, Merle Scolnik, secretary Margaret Hanger � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_Temple-Bnai-Israel_Newsletter_1988 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource B'nai Israel Temple Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988-04 Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Newsletter Description An account of the resource Temple B'nai Israel Newsletter from April 1988. Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Synagogue bulletins Passover Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/540455bbd2a7cbd09178cace6cfd2783.jpg 7ce05042ca7d20916b6f2b327053d86b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_Certificate_1952 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource B'nai Israel Temple Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952-09-15 Title A name given to the resource Hassadah Buds Charter certificate Description An account of the resource Hassada Buds Charter certificate, September 1952. Text reads: "Be it hereby known by all present that the following are chartered as founding members of the Hadassah Buds of Muskegon by the parent chapter of Muskegon Hadassah for the purpose of developing an understanding of the spirit of the Jewish people and of assisting in the realization of Jewish aims. Sandra August, Nancy Klayf, Lynn Cheolin, Carol Parker, Marion Greenberg, Raleigh Radoff, Phyllis Greenberg, Judy Siegel, Marlyn Stein. This fifteenth day of September 1952. President: Ruth Krause 1st Vice President: Irene Steindler." Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Charters Certificates of incorporation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b9f5056ca408dd97179b468f83bab380.jpg 1e78c605acabcaf2b194d3a25d6a3cb2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_Confirmation_Class_1979 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource B'nai Israel Temple Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979/1980 Title A name given to the resource Confirmation Class photo Description An account of the resource Photograph of Confirmation Class of 1979/1980 Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Confirmation (Jewish rite) Reform Judaism Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d5df05951ae0fe3c0cf825c06b5d1763.jpg cb7ee0687eb2d554aed7ee12aa9fb3d8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_Construction_1947 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource B'nai Israel Temple Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-01-25 Title A name given to the resource Temple construction Description An account of the resource Photograph of two workmen at the construction site of the Temple, 1947. Neighborhood houses and cars in background. Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Building sites Neighborhoods Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/36ae7beaa47597eef1d1577ff848cee3.jpg 84259b6102a1560e8720353f965000b2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_First-day-of-building_1946 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource B'nai Israel Temple Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1946-10 Title A name given to the resource "First dig for new temple - Oct - 1946" Description An account of the resource Photograph of the bucket of an excavator as it breaks ground at the site of the new temple, 1946. Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Building sites Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3c646fcf613a459915d484666e40ba74.jpg 5afe097baf0d1c4e65ad027683fa7988 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_Hebrew-School-Class Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource B'nai Israel Temple Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1950 Title A name given to the resource Hebrew School Class Description An account of the resource Photograph of Hebrew School students sitting around a table with open books while the teacher stands at the head of the table in front of a chalk board, circa 1950s. Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Jewish religious schools Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ba3e6570dfea86dfb10de592f4d521c4.jpg 84d0512e5ba7dea5da645d7600005828 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_Simcha-Dancers_1976 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource B'nai Israel Temple Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1976 Title A name given to the resource Simcha Dancers Description An account of the resource Photograph of the Simcha Dancers wearing red blouses with floral skirts. Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Jewish dance -- United States Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/134a8e78629a7aee07c822f99f0f9919.jpg 2b7b0d7b20745c209c57ac72578f071c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_Temple-snowstorm Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource B'nai Israel Temple Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1976 Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel photo Description An account of the resource Picture of temple during a snowstorm in 1976. Brick building on corner of Webster Ave. with inscription "Strength and beauty are in his sanctuary". Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Synagogue architecture Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/7cac10abd7af720f111a0b28da853afb.pdf 066913db2b2fe7f69f7d514044026f86 PDF Text Text ������������������������ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_25th-Anniversary-Scrapbook_1973 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource B'nai Israel Temple Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-11-03 Title A name given to the resource 25th Anniversary Scrapbook Description An account of the resource Scrapbook of photographs from the 25th Anniversary Celebration dinner of the B'nai Israel Temple. Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Anniversaries Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4b536b7373b607745798136bef260d75.pdf 133d5b2f023dc5c8058e449290c9a792 PDF Text Text �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_Ladies-Aid_1921 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource B'nai Israel Temple Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1921/1927-01-05 Title A name given to the resource The Jewish Ladies Aid Society Meeting Notes Description An account of the resource Handwritten ledger of meeting notes for the Jewish Ladies Aid Society Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Jewish women Muskegon (Mich.) Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/585cc68b0c73ac469bfe93c04935dbb5.pdf cbb89cb5181328e91cb9fdafb28c8388 PDF Text Text �������������������������������������������������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_Sisterhood_1946 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource B'nai Israel Temple Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-08-30/1947-05-06 Title A name given to the resource Muskegon Sisterhood Board Meeting Minutes Description An account of the resource Binder of handwritten notes of board meetings of the Sisterhood. Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Jewish women Muskegon (Mich.) Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/de6d33dad2c69b0fedbf6aa072e10339.pdf 6b2ac3dfec331ed9973ff0caec9f8c1a PDF Text Text �������������������������������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_Sisterhood-Scrapbook_1956 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource B'nai Israel Temple Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956/1967 Title A name given to the resource Muskegon Sisterhood Scrapbook Description An account of the resource Scrapbooks of newspaper clippings and photographs of the Temple, created by the Muskegon Sisterhood. Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Jewish women Muskegon (Mich.) Women--Societies and clubs Scrapbooks Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ca144e8a1295dc872e54664c250bfbb3.pdf 2989e3bc9618825489a5920adbd5e99b PDF Text Text �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_Temple-Scrapbook_1988 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource B'nai Israel Temple Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988/2004 Title A name given to the resource Synagogue Scrapbook Description An account of the resource Scrapbook of photographs and memorabilia of celebrations from 1988 to 2004. Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues as community centers Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/285534281a74c5e8b62817e42978f54b.jpg b666f80054c4277e6e75ae706a045a50 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_50th_Anniversay_Dinner_1_1951 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource B'nai Israel Temple Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1951 Title A name given to the resource 50th Anniversary Table picture Description An account of the resource A picture of a table of people facing the camera. Included in this picture: Harold & Marcia Rosen, Kaufmans, Kelly and Lilliam Kaufman Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Synagogues Anniversaries Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/268dd5aabd7afb514c97d4606841a2e9.jpg 74662bcd80258cc0780faabd6074c474 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_50th_Anniversay_Dinner_2_1951 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource B'nai Israel Temple Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1951 Title A name given to the resource 50th Anniversary Room Picture Description An account of the resource An angled picture of the room where the 50th anniversary dinner took place. Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Synagogues Anniversaries Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e740762d8799c50d15628caa32396d15.jpg 2699e64db953f751b256edc55116697c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_50th_Anniversay_Dinner_3_1951 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource B'nai Israel Temple Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1951 Title A name given to the resource 50th Anniversary Room Picture Description An account of the resource A different angled picture of the room where the 50th anniversary dinner took place. Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Synagogues Anniversaries Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1c3aac6846bf2d87f1b3d53f497ab671.jpg c1d98c69e5359208695afbe9b428c652 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_Bema_1948 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource B'nai Israel Temple Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948 Title A name given to the resource Bema Description An account of the resource A picture of the bema or bimah, an elevatated platform for Torah reading. Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Altarpieces Synagogues Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/407d07f5decbe8678af63b50519d6d58.jpg d5b100f8b770defc63c00ba642f583a8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_B'nai_Brith_Meeting Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource B'nai Israel Temple Title A name given to the resource B'nai B'rith International Meeting Description An account of the resource A picture of the B'nai B'rith International meeting. Men sitting around tables in a room, with a woman standing behind a podium. Some of the people included are: Herman Grossman, Jerome Cherin, Gene Fisher, Art, and Sam Lipman Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) B'nai B'rith Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives