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                    <text>VCM/AmeriCorps

OVERVIEW:

VCM/AmeriCorps will place teams of national service volunteers in Volunteer Centers
throughout the state of Michigan to actively engage youth during after school hours in
efforts to solve community problems. VCM/AmeriCorps is administered by the staff
of the Volunteer Centers of Michigan and is funded by the Corporation for National
Service and the Michigan Community Service Commission.

PROGRAM FOCUS: VCM/AmeriCoi-ps is designed to meet the needs of Michigan's young people,
systems that effect them, and the communities in which they live. The primary focus
of VCM/AmeriCorps will be the development and support of initiatives designed to
increase young people's participation in strengthening their community.
VCM/AmeriCorps will "get things done" by engaging youth during the after school
hours in the achievement of structured goals which are tailored to meet the individual
needs of each community.
The program consists of 15 full-time and 30 part-time AmeriCorps volunteers which
will be placed in any selected Volunteer Center throughout the state of Michigan.
Volunteer Centers will be selected through an RFP process which gages the center's
need and capacity for fulfilling the program's requirements and objectives.

LOCATIONS:

FOCUS GOALS :

•

Develop and implement opportunities for over 800 people in each service area to
engage in volunteer service.

•

Orchestrate partnerships with schools, church groups, and other youth related
organizations to create five sustainable service projects.

•

Provide training opportunities for community organizations to enhance their skills in
working with youth volunteers.

•

Serve as a ''team leader" with groups of young people in developing and implementing
service projects.

•
•

Engage youth in technology .
Mobilize young people to participate in major community service events (i.e. Day of
Caring, Big Help Day, Make A Difference Day)

Contact Person:
Sam Singh, Director
Volunteer Centers ofMichigan
29 Kellogg Center
East Lansing, MI 48824-1022
tr
517/353-9277
FAX: 517/355-3302
Email: SamS72@aol.com

�Olivet College reserves scholarship
funds for Volunteer Centers of Michigan.

Director ofVCM announces program
and makes initial allocation to each
Volunteer Center.

Volunteer Center designs selection
process and reviews with Director
ofVCM.

Mary Jones is awarded
o Volunteer Cemer of
Michigan · Olivet College
Community Responsibility
Scholarship valued a/
$6.000.

Students are selected for Responsibility
Award and Scholarship.

Volunteer Center reports
recipient list and information
to Director ofVCM.

Olivet provides award and
scholarship certificate to be
presented by Volun~eer Center
to student recipient.
\ 'C/11

I

Jlj)l

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                    <text>EXAMPLES OF MEMBERSHIP DUES
FROM VARIOUS NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS
SIZE OF ORGANIZATION'S BUDGET

ANNUAL DUES AMOUNT

CAN (California)
Under $75,000
$75,000-$149,999
$150,000-$249,999
$250,000 - $499,999
$500,000 - $999,999
$1,000,000-$2,999,999
$3,000,000-$4,999,999
Over $5,000,000
Associate Membership Fee *
Student Membership
Supporting Membership Fee

$50.00
75.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
300.00
400.00
500.00
120.00
35.00
1,000.00

*Associate members are individuals and non-tax exempt organizations specializing in professional service
for nonprofits.
CANPO (Colorado):
$0 - 49,999
$50,000 - 99,999
$1000,000- 199,999
$200,000 - 299,999
$300,000-399,999
$400,000 - 499,999
$500,000 - 699,999
$700,000 - 999,999
$1,000,000-1,999,999
$2,000,000 - 2,999,999
$3,000,000 - 3,999,999
$4,000,000 + higher

$65.00
75.00
100.00
125.00
150.00
200.00
240.00
275.00
345.00
430.00
515.00
600.00

MARYLAND ASSOCIATION OF NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS:
$1-24,999
$25,000 - 49,999
$50,000 - $99,999
$100,000- 199,999
$200,000 - 399,999
$400,000 - 699,999
$700,000 - 999,999
$1,000,000-1,999,999
$2,000,000 - 2,999,999
$3,000,000-3,999,999
$4,000,000 - 4,999,999
$5,000,000 + higher

$100.00
125.00
175.00
300.00
400.00
525.00
625.00
750.00
850.00
950.00
1,050.00
1,200.00 to 2,500.00

�NONPROFIT COORDINATING COMMITTEE OF NEW YORK:
Under $100,000
$100,000-199,999
$200,000 - 249,000
$250,000 - 499,999
$500,000 - 749,999
$750,000 - 999,999
$ 1,000,000 - 5,000,000
Over $5,000,000

$25.00
50.00
100.00
200.00
300.00
400.00
600.00
1,000.00

UTAH NONPROFITS ASSOCIATION:

ref:S/win/wkg/sam/state dues

Under $25,000
$25,000 - 49,000
$50,000 - 199,999
$200,000 - 499,999
$500,000 - 999,999

$25.00
50.00
75.00
100.00
150.00

$1,000,000 +higher

250.00

�</text>
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                    <text>Michigan Nonprofit Association
1997-1998 Forecast
• 1997-1998 Budget Implications
- Aggressive Membership Recruitment
- Increase# of Membership Services
- Develop Sustainable Programs
- Implement Systems Reform
- Create Fund Development Plan
- Secure Grants
- Investigate Long Term Issues

�Michigan Nonprofit Association
1997-1998 Forecast
• 1997-1998 Organizational Implications
- Strategic Planning
- Staff Restructuring
- Technological Upgrade

• 1997-1998 Programmatic Implications
- Corporate Volunteerism
- Training and Technical Assistance
- Public Policy
- Grant Distribution

�Michigan Nonprofit Association
Programmatic Implications
• Corporate Volunteerism
- Corporate Volunteerism Training Day
- Corporate Recognition Dinner
- Corporate/Business Resource Development

• Training and Technical Assistance
- 10 Regional Training Workshops
- Statewide Conference
» GG X
» Volunteerism SuperConference

�Michigan Nonprofit Association
Programmatic Implications
• Public Policy
- Nonprofit Public Policy Day
- Public Policy Institute
- Public Policy Resource Development

• Grant Distribution
- George W. Romney Volunteerisni Grants Program
- Russell G. Mawby Youth Volunteerism Grants Program
- MCC Venture Grants Program
- VCM Capacity Building Grants Program

�Michigan Nonprofit Association
Organizational Implications
• Strategic Planning
- Board Level
- Staff Level

• Staff Restructuring
- Functional Structure vs. Departmental Structure
- Utilization of University Interns
- Elimination of One Position Through Attrition

• Technology Upgrade
- Computer Hardware/Software
- Voicemail System
- Internet Connection

�Michigan Nonprofit Association
1997-1998 Budget Implications
• Aggressive Membership Recruitment
- Recruit Volunteer Organizations to VCM
- Develop Strategic Alliances
- Increase MNA and MCC Membership
- Develop Corporate/Business

~embership

Track

- Examine MNA Dues Structure

• Increase # of Membership Services
- Volunteerism Grant Distribution
- Finalize Retirement Program
- Increase Traditional Association Services

�Michigan Nonprofit Association
1997-1998 Budget Implications
• Develop Sustainable Programs
- Secure Sponsorships
- Establish Reasonable Program Fees
- Collaborate With Other Organizations
- Contract Out Certain Services

• Implement Systems Reform
- Staff Restructuring
- Technology Upgrade
- Streamline Administrative Functions

�Michigan Nonprofit Association
1997-1998 Budget Implications
• Create Fund Development Plan
- Quarterly Goals and Benchmarks
- Establish Realistic "Revenue Centers"
- Specific Venture Grant Plan for MCC

• Secure Grant Proposals
- Michigan Campus Compact-National Service Grant
- Expanded AmeriCorps Grant-MCSC
- Public Policy Grant-W.K. Kellogg Foundation
- Corporate Volunteerism Grant-Corporate Funders

�Michigan Nonprofit Association
1997-1998 Budget Implications
• Investigate Long Term Issues
- Collaborative Alliances
- Strategic Fund
- On-site Consultation
- Publication and Resource Development

�</text>
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                    <text>MNA Membership Profile
% of Membership

Nonprofit Organizations
Annual Operating Budget
$0-100,000
$100,000-250,000
$250,001-500,000
$500,001-750,000
$750,001-1 Million
$1 Million+

Current Dues

Nonprofit Organizations
Annual Operating Budget
$0-100,000
$100,000-250,000
$250,001-500,000
$500,001-750,000
$750,001-1 Million
$1 Million-2 Million
$2 Million-4 Million
$4 Million+

Proposed Dues

Current Dues

$75
$150
$250
$350
$450
$550
$750
$1000

$50
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500

40%
20%
10%
5%
5%
20%

$50
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500

1998-1999 Budgeted MNA Membership Dues= $61,000
1999-2000 Projected MNA Membership Dues*= $87,000
*This number assumes no growth in membership over the budgeted 1998-1999
membership dues.

�</text>
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                <text>Michigan Nonprofit Association 1998 membership profile. Records are compiled in the Our State of Generosity collection by the Johnson Center, along with the files of the Michigan Nonprofit Association (MNA), the Michigan Community Service Commission (MSCS) and the Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy.</text>
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                    <text>Midwest Collaboration: Advancing Service Learning
Through University Citizenship
Michigan, Indiana, Ohio and Illinois Campus Compact organizations received a grant for
$448,285 ($67,000 for MCC) from the Corporation for National Service: Learn and Serve
Higher Education entitled "Midwest Collaboration: Advancing Service Learning Through
University Citizenship." The focus of this grant is to provide faculty with professional
development and course development support while working with colleges and universities to
institutionalize community service and service learning on their campuses.
Illinois Campus Compact for Community Service (ICCCS), Indiana Campus Compact (ICC),
Michigan Campus Compact (MCC), and Ohio Campus Compact (OCC) are statewide consortia of
institutions of higher education representing a total of 96 colleges and universities in the Midwest.
Our mission is to promote and support the institutionalization of service learning. When each of
the state Compacts began, most member campuses were at the beginning stages of service learning.
Over the past five to six years our state Compacts have come to realize the integral role that
faculty play in developing and sustaining effective service learning initiatives. In that time we have
had critical success in helping to build a mosaic of individual faculty involved in service. To date,
however, these successes have mainly focused on faculty recruitment over development, and have
been fragmented instead of integrated. While there is a need to continue to recruit faculty, there
also is a need to continue to develop those already involved. Institutionalization of service learning
on a large scale has yet to occur.

As key proponents and supporters of service learning, the Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio
state Compacts continue to explo~e ways to advance service learning. Since last October, the
Directors of the four state Compacts have been involved in ongoing conversations about how to
take a significant step beyond recruitment toward institutionalization of service learning. Faculty,
presidents, key service learning administrators, students, and community members from each state
have been involved in these conversations.
These discussions led the four state Compacts to create a partnership - the Midwest Collaboration that addresses the following needs:
•

To augment faculty recruitment efforts to recognize the diversity of motivating factors that
influence faculty involvement in service learning.

•

To expand faculty development by encouraging not only the connection of service to teaching,
but also to research and faculty professional service.

•

To develop institutional environments that are infused with an ethic of service.

The Midwest Collaboration program will advance the institutionalization of service learning at 96
colleges and universities in four states. The number of faculty involved in service learning will
increase, the depth of faculty development will expand, and the institutional environments infused
with an ethic of service will develop. A comprehensive program of subgrants, gatherings, technical
assistance, publications, and research will be implemented.
win\comm\rnc:c\grutl\cns\sununry.doc

�Exploring the Connections of Spiritual Formation and Service
within Collegiate Service Learning Communities
The John Fetzer Institute awarded MCC a $90,165 grant for "Exploring the Connections
of ~piri~al Fo~ation and Service within Collegiate Service Learning Communities."
rJP
Thi~ proJect wtll _exp~ore th~ bridges between spiritual formation and active service in
~ ~OJ
soctety by engagmg m a senes of retreats for MCC member presidents, faculty and staff,
&amp;J'Y'students, and State Campus Compact Directors. The second component of this project
will provide mini-grant opportunities for faculty to engage in scholarship around some
~ef
aspect of spirituality and service learning. The ten faculty mini-grant recipients will also '7 ~
contribute chapters to an edited monograph for dissemination of their work.
::? \'\ ~
The goal of this project is to explore the bridges between spiritual formation and active \
service in society by engaging in a series of retreats for individuals involved in service
learning in collegiate settings and by providing faculty in these settings an opportunity to
engage in scholarship that focuses on the connections between spiritual formation and
service. The insights and products that emerge from these efforts can help us deepen our
understanding about ways in which the inner life can be expressed and through service in
society.
The first component will be a series of four renewal retreats. The retreats will focus on
motivations, values, issues, fears, concerns, and deep personal commitments that service
educators, institutional leaders and students center on when they engage in and/or support
service learning work. Additionally, these retreats will explore the formational qualities of
the service work in which students and others participate, and the "learning" value of the
service. The renewal retreats for the four groups (MCC faculty and staff, students,
presidents, and state Campus Compact directors) will be held at Seasons, Fetzer's
conference facilities, for two or three days commencing in the Fall of 1997 through the
Fall of 1998. They will be coordinated in partnership between Fetzer and MCC. Fetzer
will provide the facility, support for facilitation, and transportation. MCC will provide the
administration and organization of the retreats.
The second component will be a grant to MCC to provide mini-grant opportunities for
faculty in the State ofMichigan to do scholarship (research) around some aspect of
spirituality and service learning. There will be an opportunity for ten faculty to receive
mini-grants of$5,000 each to support scholarship that focuses on some connection
between spirituality and service. Each person who receives a mini-grant will be required
to attend two meetings to discuss the development of an edited monograph that would
include, as its chapters, the write-ups of their funded research.

i/'&lt;]\J

�</text>
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                    <text>Q:\WINWORD\COMMITTE\MNABoard\AH709MTG.VIR

Trainings and Technical Assistance

M

NA is proud to announce a series of fall trainings specifically designed for the
nonprofit sector. These trainings focusing on computers and volunteer
management are designed to provide an opportunity to learn more about issues and
challenges facing the nonprofit sector, while learning practical, "use-it-now" tools.

Computer trainings: Special discounts and group rates on computer training are
now available to MNA members through a new partnership arrangement with
Lansing Computer Institute/Professional Technical Development. An additional 10%
off individual and group rates is available to MNA members. Members can select
from over 150 seminars which are offered at Lansing Computer Institute locations, or
Lansing Computer Institute will come to the member site with portable classrooms.
MNA and Lansing Computer are offering five computer trainings this fall in Lansing
at the discounted price of $99 for MNA members. If this Lansing series is successful,
the trainings will be extended to other regions in Michigan.
10/6 - Introduction to Access 2.0
10/13 - Introduction to Excel 5.0
11/3 - Hands On Internet Training

•

10/8 - Introduction to Access 7.0
11/7 - Introduction to Excel 7.0

Sink or Swim: The Tide of Volunteer Management: In a time of decreasing funds
and increasing expectations, volunteers have truly become the lifeblood of a nonprofit
organization. Are you effectively utilizing this valuable resource within your
organization9 Have you fully considered the possibilities for volunteer involvement?
Are you philosophically and administratively prepared to support and retain your
volunteers9 This workshop will cover the "4 R's of Effective Volunteer
Management," current trends and issues related to volunteerism, and action planning
for your agency Participants will experience an interactive, informative day of
networking and skill development. If you want or need volunteers, this workshop is
for you! This training will be held at the following locations:
10/27 - Detroit
11/10 - Grand Rapids

10/29 - Gaylord
11/12 - Lansing

�Q:\WINWORD\COMMITTE\MNABoard\AORPT.TXT

Series of fall trainings
Computer:
PTD/Professional Development
10% discount is offered to MNAmembers
Can select from over 150 seminars offered at their location
Or will come to your site with portble classrooms
Fall 5 seminars in Lansing Access. Excel and Internet
If successful will expand to other locations in Michigan
Volunteer Management
Sink Or Swim: The Tide of Volunteer Management
Current trends and issues relatrd to volunteerism
late Oct./Early Nov. Detroit. Gaylord. Grand Rapids. Lansing
Spring:
Series on grantwriting and accounting/legal issues
Membership
With new seminars, thought it would be advantageous to have newlook.

�</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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                    <text>Michigan in Brief
1998-99
6TH Enrno~

Michigan Nonprofit Association
Council of Michigan Foundations

Prepared and published by
by Public Sector Consultants} Inc.

�PREFACE
The Michigan in Brief: 199P-99, prepared and published by Public Sector Consultants, Inc., provides useful
information about the state and an objective look at 65 public policy topics of current concern to Michigan
residents and their elected representatives. The issues are aeated in sufficient depth to be useful to the well·
informed, yet written plainly enough to be understood by nonexperts. Each has three parts: background
information; discussion of proposed policy options, including a balanced, nonpartisan presentation of vari·
ous viewpoints; and sources of additional information, including FAX numbers and Web sites where avail·
able. (E·mail contact information seldom is included because personnel and addresses change too fre·
quently.) Cross·references will lead the reader to related issues.
Other chapters of Michigan in Briefprovide general, historical, and economic information about the state.

•

"An Economic and Political History of Michigan" recounts events from 1600 to the pres~nt.

•

"About State Government" profiles the executive branch (including brief descriptions of the 18 state de·
pamnents), legislative branch (with a sketch of the lawmaking process), and judicial branch (with an ex·
planation of the various courts' jurisdictions) and also summarizes state government's checlcs and balances.

•

"About Local Government" describes the basis, evolution, and organization of local government in
Michigan and briefly summarizes certain issues of concern to local units.

•

''The State Budget" outlines the process by which Michigan's annual financial plan is determined.

The appendices provide key economic, health, and demographic data and forecasts; information on the
state's philanthropic, nonprofit, and volunteer sectors; and miscellanea.
This is the sixth edition of Michigan in Brief. An index at the end contains page numbers and cross·
references for all material presented in this book. The issues from earlier editions also are listed, to assist
readers interested in topics from those publications. To include in the current edition every issue of interest
would make the book unmanageably long; therefore, we confine the content to those on which public
attention currently is focused.
Sponsorship of this edition of Michigan in Brief is the first step in an informational process of the Michigan Public
Policy Initiative (MPPI). The MPPI is a joint effon of the Michigan Nonprofit Association and the Council
ofMichigan Foundations, with the suppon of the W.K. Kellogg Foundation. It serves as a neutral, objective cen·
tral resource for information on issues of interest to nonprofit and philanthropic leaders. 1broughout 1999 ref·
erence material about key issues of concern to Michigan's nonprofit leaders will be developed and presented
through forums to legislators and policyrnakers. The MPPI formed in response both to the new decision·maX·
ing climate arising from term limits and to the governance changes that are moving responsibility to state and
local government for authority, development, and management of public policy (this commonly is referred to
as "devolution"). Members of the advisory committee guiding the development of the MPPI are listed in"Ac·
lcnow~~ents."

To order additional copies of this handbook, please use the order form on page 473. This edition also is
available electronically and may be found at www.michiganinbrief.org on the World Wide Web; a CD·ROM
is available as well. At this writing, consideration is being given to periodically updating the Web version.
For further information, please contact Public Sector Consultants, Inc., 600 West St. Joseph, Lansing,
Michigan 48933·2265. Telephone (517) 484·4954; FAX (517) 484·6549; www.psdnc.com on the Web.
xi

�Child Care
BACKGROUND

I

n this piece, child care is defined as nonparental care given to children
through age five, and before/aftc~school care refers to nonparental care
given to school~aged children.

GLOSSARY
aefore- and alteMChool

care

provam

A Prorromlfl« CMW for Jdtool.
Ofe dlildrwl before tlltdlrx ~
tdlool.
ChJid.care center
A licanted CMW lfl« pnwides core
for children. usualy opd 5 Gild
under.

Family daycare home
A repwed priwlte Nlidence lfl«
pnMdes an for up to 6 children,
UIUCIIy opd 5 ond under.
Group daycare home
A licensed pri¥lllle residena lfl«
pnMdes core for 7-12 children,
UIUOfr opd 5 tJttd under.

•

In Michigan, 1.5 million children-60 percent of those aged 17 and
under-belong to families where the custodial or both parents work.

•

Nationally, of women with children aged under 6, 60 percent work; of
women with children aged 6-17, 75 percent work.

Child care is provided in many settings: child~care centers, group daycare
homes, family daycare homes, and residences of family and friends. Before/
afteNchool care also may occur in any of these settings, but it is more likely
to be provided by public and private schools, community~education pro·
grams, or community-service entities such as the YMCA.
While the federal government provides some funding for child care and be·
fore/after-school care, mostly in subsidies for low-income families, the states
are responsible for setting standards, enforcing them, and adding any other
money for subsidies. In Michigan, the Division of Child Daycare Licensing in
the Department of Consumer and Industry Services (MDCIS) is responsible
for such regulation as legislated by the Child Care Organization Act of 1973.

Types of Child Care
Child-Core Centers
Child-care centers, of which there are about 4,600 in Michigan, must be licensed, and the program director must ( 1) have completed at least 60 semes·
ter hours at an accredited college or university, including 12 hours in child
development, child psychology, or early childhood education and (2) have
been awarded the child development associates credential by the Child De·
velopment Associate Consortium, a national agency affiliated with the As·
sociation for Education of Young Children. Caregivers (those providing di·
rect care, supervision, and guidance) in child~care centers must be aged 18
or older and have completed at least one year of a vocational-occupational
child-care training program approved by the state Department of Education.
Prior to licensing, the program director is checked for criminal convictions
or abuse and neglect reports, and the premises are examined by a fire in·
spector and a health deparnnent sanitarian. Having met all requirements,
centers are issued a six-month temporary license and, if no complaints are

APIUL I. 1"1

105

�CHILD CARE

the federal government does so in block grants to
the states) and by permitting tax credits or deductions to be taken by individuals and businesses.
Before/after-school care averages about $45 a week.

Stote
•

In fiscal year 1996-97, the Family lndepen·
dence Agency (FIA) paid out $185 million
for child care for 60,000 low-income children
(an average of $3,083 per child); these funds
include federal money.

•

The School Readiness Program, administered
by the Department of Education paid out $63
million for care for 21,000 children (an aver·
age of $3,000 per child).

•

House Bill 4180, passed by the House and in
committee in the Senate, would permit a deduction of $5,000 per child for employment·
related child-care expenses.

Federal

one child and $1,440 for two or more. In FY
1995-96 about $2.8 billion was claimed. (Approximately half the states also have a tax
credit; Michigan does not.)
•

Employers may offer a Dependent Care Assistance Plan, whereby up to $5,000 is set aside
from an employee's gross salary and put into a
nontaxable spending account for child care.
Social Security, federal, state, and local taxes
thus are reduced for both employee and em·
ployer, and the employee can pay for child care
with tax-fee dollars. The employer also may
contribute to the account.

•

Employers may receive certain 6ther federal
tax breaks if they provide or subsidize employees' child care; such programs are becoming
more common but still are offered in only a
few workplaces.

DISCUSSION
Fundin&amp;
The debate about child care has mosdy to do with
the government's role in funding and regulating
programs and services. Advocates of the govern·
ment playing a substantial role in subsidizing
daycare for both low-income families and others
believe such subsidies-whether through direct assistance or employee/employer tax breaks-are
necessary to ensure good quality at affordable
prices.

•

The Child Care and Development Block
Grant, funded at $2.9 billion in FY 1996-97,
provides matching funds to states to subsidize
child care for families with income below 85
percent of the state median income.

•

The Title XX/Social Services Block Grant,
funded at $2.5 billion for FY 1996-97, may
be used to support child care. {It is estimated
that about $500 million of these funds cur·
rently are used for this purpose.)

•

The Child and Adult Care Food Program ($1.5
billion in FY 1995-96) subsidizes nutritious
meals and snacks for children up to age 12
enrolled in child-care centers, family and group
daycare homes, and before/after-school care
programs. There is no minimum income re·
quirement for this subsidy, and this program
acts as an incentive for providers to become
licensed or regulated.

Child-care expenses, at an average of about $4,000
annually per child, comprise a large percentage of
many families' budget. About half of families with
young children earn less than $35,000 a year, and
a family with both parents working full-time at
minimum wage earns only $21,400 annually. With·
out subsidies, parents may have no choice but to
opt for less expensive and perhaps lower-quality
care.

•

The federal dependent-care tax credit allows
an income tax credit for a portion of one's
child-care expenses. The credit is on a sliding
scale: lower-income families receive slighdy larger
credits. The largest credits allowed are $720 for

Opponents of subsidies believe they encourage par·
ents to work, even when the income is not necessary
for the family's financial survival, thus many chil·
dren end up in daycare rather than at home. They
APIUL I, lttl

107

�CHILD CARE

They call for a stronger role for the federal government, more stringent safety standards, and programs
to improve quality. They also call for increased train·
ing requirements and higher wages for child-care providers in order to attract and retain qualified staff.
Those opposed to stricter regulation argue that more
bureaucracy will further increase costs, draining re·
sources that could be used to improve quality and
making it ever more difficult for families to afford
high-quality care.

Role for Philanthropy
To address the crucial issue of good daycare for
low-income and disabled children, the W.K.
Kellogg, Skillman, and Frey foundations jointly
formed the Joining Forces Initiative in early 1997.
This collaborative is working in partnership with
nine communities in trying to craft solutions to
the dilemma of child care for low-income/disabled
children. The nine sites are the Allegan and
Charlevoix-Emmet intermediate school districts,
the downriver Detroit area, and Kent, Muskegon,
Newago, Oakland, Saginaw and Wayne counties.
At each, the daycare-need problem is being at·
tacked from the grassroots level, with the objec·
tive of fashioning a solution that meets that
community's specific needs. The initiative helps
the local sites individually and, collectively, the
sites help one another. Throughout the initiative
(a five-year project), lessons learned will be shared
with local and state leaders and policymakers.
See also Crime; Early Childhood Development;
Welfare Reform.

FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
OUldren's Defense Fund
122 C Street, N.W.
Washington, OC 20001
(202) 628-8787
(202) 662-3150 FAX
UN.NJ. tmn.

ccnn/cdf

Division of Child Daycare Licensing
Bureau of Regulatory Services
Michigan Deparunent of Consumer and Industry Services
Grand Tower Building, Suite 1212
235 South Grand Avenue
P.O. Box 30037
·'
lansing, Ml48909
(5 17) 335-6124
(517) 335-6121 FAX
www.commerce.srare. mi. us
Michigan Association for Education of Young Children
4572 South Hagadorn, Suite 10
East Lansing, Ml48823-5385
(800) 336-6424
(517) 336-9700
(5 17) 336-9790 FAX
www .miaeyc.com

Michigan 4C Association
2875 Northwind Drive, Suite 200
East Lansing, Ml48823
(517) 351-4171
(517) 351-0157 FAX
www. mi&lt;fc.org
Michigan League for Human Services
300 North Washington Square, Suite 401
lansing, Ml48933
(517) 487-5436
(517) 371-4546 FAX

APRIL I, lttl

109

�EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT

brain has as many synapses as an adult brain,
and by age three double that.
•

The three·year·old's brain uses about 2~ times
the energy of an adult brain. This powerful
brain capacity remains at this level until about
age ten, although experience will have changed
it dramatically in that period.

Furthermore, and equally imponant, child brain
development is characterized by "prime times" or
"critical periods" during which the brain is espe·
cially efficient at panicular kinds of learning. Tun·
ing is everything. The ability to process vision must,
for example, be learned by age two. Other capaci·
ties-including the ability to speak, learn languages
and develop vocabulary, exhibit motor skills, make
social attachments, and learn emotional controlalso form in these early years.

mulatively, these social conditions may be having
serious consequences. Renowned pediatrician T. Berry
Brazelton spoke to this problem in a special anicle
for Newswuk (1997):
We are paying a terrible price for our nation's inat·
tention to the increasing stresses on children and families. Vwlence among teenagerS, suicide, and teen preg·
nancy are the obvious signals that our children are
,rowing up with hidden anger and self-desttuctive
impulses. Less obvious is the cost in lost motivation
for learning when we fail to inculcate decent selfimages in our children.

Current Provams and Initiatives
Public Sector

Over the years, bipanisan concern for children has
led to many state and federal programs to support
families and children. A 1996 study by Public Sector
Consultants, Inc., found that at that time there were
These facts suggest that with proper nunuring and more than 50 youth and family support programs adteaching at the proper time, one can make dramatic, ministered by three state departments-Michigan
specific, and highly positive contributions to a child's Depamnent of Community Health (MDCH), Michigan Department of Education (MDE), and Michi·
development.
gan Family Independence Agency (FIA). The non·
These facts also suggest that the consequences of a profit group, Michigan's Children, finds that 15 state
failure to nurture-to say nothing of outright abuse- programs are especially important in serving chilmay be devastating. When brain development is in· dren to age five and estimates that the 15 programs
terfered with at critical times-whether because of collectively spent more than $150 million in 1995
illness, substance abuse, poor nutrition, or emotional (presumably the latest year for which they found comor physical neglect or abuse-the result may be long· parable data) in serving some 80,000 children and/
term deficit or handicap. For example, research re· or families. Examples of these programs are early
peatedly shows that when orphans are deprived of childhood education, adoption subsidies, abuse-pre·
proper intellectual, emotional, or physical stimula· vention, and parenting for pregnant teens.
tion, critical areas of the brain never may develop
During fiscal year 1997-98, the FlA will administer
properly. Similarly, there is considerable evidence that
a $2 million grant program designed to encourage
abuse can lead to serious long· term deficits for a child,
development of community·based collaborative pre·
including heightened anxiety, inability to process
vention services for children; grants will require a 25
complex information, and impulsive behavior.
percent local match. The program informally is
In some respects, the situation for the nation's chil· known as "0 to 3" and its objectives are to
dren never has been bener. The majority of fami·
• ·foster positive parenting skills, especially for par·
lies have more resources and bener access to such
ents of children under age 3;
crucial services as health care than at any earlier
time. Yet many children are growing up in less than • improve parent·child interaction;
ideal circumstances. High·quality child care is not • promote access to needed community services;
available for many families that require them. Cu· • increase local capacity to serve families at risk;
APIUL I, IHI

155

�EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT

Early Childhood Education
federal poverty level, many ciwbom will be aged three
The need to target education dollan on improving or younger.
the prospects of poor children is well recognized in
Michigan and elsewhere. Yet, the bulk cJ the money Public Policy In Michipn
and resources thw far has been targeted toward chil- The new information on brain development may
dren who already arc in school. Early-childhood edu- be much discussed and revolutionary in its ~
cation advocates believe that the science cJ child tential effect, but as yet it has had little effect on
brain development makes a strong case for more ag- public policy in Michigan. The dollar amount
available to programs focused exclwively on the
gressive intervention during the pre-school years.
earliest years still are relatively small and dispersed
The need for such early intervention is recognized in among at least three state departments and many
federal policy through the Department of Health and agencies therein.
Human Services's "Early Head Start" program-an
expansion of the decades-old and better known Head In Michigan, developing and coordinating the
Start program. In 1996 the budget for Early Head administration's child-care and children's welfare
Start was $146 million, and the department awarded policy has become a major responsibility of the lieugrants to 143 sites nationwide. The money is used to tenant governor, who chaired the Cllildren's Comprovide a variety of services to poor families with mission during 1995 and 1996. Although the comchildren aged under four. As the exhibit shows, since mission was investigating primarily foster care, adopthe program began, nine Michigan locales have re- tion, and child abwe, its 1996 report recommends
ceived nearly $6 million in federal grants to provide forming "county-based collaboratives" that would
offer support and prevention services to families
services to more than 670 families.
with very young children. This recommendation,
and the lieutenant governor's active interest, led
Health Care
The importance of a child's first three years to his/her directly to the 0-to-3 grapt monies being included
intellectual and emotional development makes it im- in the FlA and MDE budgets. As mentioned, adperative that children in this age group have access to vocates also are lobbying for approximately $4 milcare. This year, the Engler administration will imple- lion in the MDCH FY 199~99 budget for essenment a joint federaVstate plan-MIChild-that will tially the same purpose; at this time , the
provide affordable health care coverage to some administration's position is unclear on the additional
156,000 uninsured children in families at or below the $4 or any other expansion.

Early Head Start Proarams in Michi&amp;an, 1996-98

"""*

lfM:aitled

Afency

t.alliDn

Ei&amp;ht C» lncorylomed

Gr-..wlle

Child 0MOprMIIt S.W. of 0a.wa County

Holand

204

lunDn

755
695

~Sdlool

Olstr1tt

t16d-l'lidl4pn Comrnunlcr Acdon Aptq
~Mit t1icNpn Humin Sentc8 A_lwq
CltyofOwok
~SdlooknftHead Scart
Inter-Tribal Council of Midllpn
~ n Community Action Jcency
TOTAL

On
T,..,.,.Ocy

Dllrok
Escanaba
Sault Sta. Marie
jlcbon

(lflcMGndl)

$711

--

,.,..
120
20

75
75
75
95

464

1,060
163

1,100
633

$5,100

16
120

75
671

~ Midlip,... s-t. ,., '"'·

APIUL I, IHI

157

�EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT

National Association for the
Education of Young Children
1509 16th Street, N.W.
Washington, OC 20036
(800) 42-t-2460
(202) 232-8717
""""'. naeyc. Mflf'IDe'Jc

"How a Child's Brain Develops,"

T~

Magarine, Feb-

ruary 3, 1997.

"Rethinkq the Brain: New Insights inro Early Development," Families and Work Institute, June 1997.

Scartinr PaiNs:

Medin~

rht Needs of Our YOID!geSt Chil-

drm, Carnegie Corporation, 1994.
State Government Affain Division
Office of the Governor
George Romney Building
111 South Capitol Avenue
Lansing, MI 48933
(517) 335-7801
""""'.migov .state.mi. w/migov .luml

"Your Baby's Brain," Newswuk, February 19, 1996.
"YourO\ild: From Birth to Three," Newsweek, Special Issue, Sprine/Summer, 1997.

..

APRIL I, 1998

159

�Hig.b/Scope Educatiooal Researcb Foundalioo 600 Nortb Riwr Street Ypsilanti, Michigan 48198-2898 (313) 48S-2&lt;XXJ

HIGH~QUALITY PRESCHOOL PROGRAM.

FoUND To IMPROVE ADULT STATUS
Adults born in poverty who anended a high-quality, active learning
preschool program at ages 3 and 4 have half as many criminal arrests,
higher earnings and property wealth. and greater commitment to
marriage. according to the latest findings of the High/Scope Peny
Preschool study. Over participants• lifetimes. the public is receiving
an estimated t7.16 for every dollar invested.

Earninp aad economic statut At age 27. four times
onducted by the High/Scope Educational
as many program group members as no-program group
Rcsearcb Fouodalioo of Ypsilanti. Michigan, lhe
study examined the lives of 123 African
members earned S2,000or mae per 10011tb (29% vs. 7~).
Americans born in poverty aod at high risk of failing in
Almost three times as many pogram group members as
school. At ages 3 and 4, these individuals were randoolly
no-program group members owned their own homes
divided into a program group who received a high-quali(36~ vs. 13~ ); and over twice as many owned sccODd
ty, active learning preschool program aod a no-program
cars (30~ vs. 13~). Three-fourths as many program
group who received no preschool program. At age 27,
group members as no-program group members received
95% of the original study participants were interviewed.
welfare assistance or other social services at some time as
adults (5~ vs. 8()41,).
with additiooal data gathered from their school, social services, and arrest records. Post-preschool program differEducational perfonnance Out-third again as many
ences between tbc groups represent preschool program
program
group members as no-program group members
effects. Fmdings reponed herein were statistically signiJigraduated
from regular or adult bigb school or received
cant (with a two-tailed probability of less than .05). The
General Education
U.S. Department of
Development certiHealth and Human
fication
(71 ~ vs.
InGHISCOPE
PERRY
PRESCHOOL
S1UDY
Services and the
54%). Earlier in the
MAJOR FINDINGS AT AGE 27
Ford Foundation
study.
the program
funded the age 27
group
bad
signifiphase of the study.
cantly higher average achievement
Social responsibility By age 27,
scores at age 14 and
71~
only one-fifth as
literacy scores at
many program group
age 19 than the noprogram group.
members as no-program group memCommitment to
bers were arrested 5
marriage
Alor more times (7%
though
the
same
vs. 35%), and only
percentages of proone-third as many
gram males and nowere ever arrested
program
males were
for drug dealing
married
(26%
). the
(7% vs. 25%).

C

100%---------------------------------------

sor_..

12000+

arr.ta

Eaml~

-

ProgM~

D

No PI'OIJWII

�----

were married nearly twice as lmg
as the married no-program males (averages or 6.2 years
vs. 3.3 years). Five times as many program females as
no-program females were married atlbe age-27 interview
(40% vs. 8%). Program females bad only about twothirds as many out-of-wedlock binbs as did no-program
females (57% of bir1M vs. 83'11 d birtM).

married progmm males

Return on investment

---~-- ~-

school Study and similar studies SUJJesl tbat early childhood programs bave sipificaot, lasting benefits because

tbcy:

A benefit-cost analysis was

• empower children, by enabling tbem to initi.ale
and carry out lbeir own learning activities and make
indepeodmt decisions
• empower parma, by involving them in ongoing
relalioosbips as full panoers witb teachers in supporting their children's develqRDent

conducted by estimalinJ tbe monetary value of lbe program aod its effects, in roosaant 1992 dollan disalUDted
• empower tuchen, by providing tbem witb sysannually at 3%. Dividing tbc $88,433 in benefits per partematic iosa'vice auriculum aaining, supportive curticipant by tbc $12.356 in cost per participant resul&amp;s in a
riculum supc:rvisioo, aod observational tools to assess
benefit&lt;ast ratio of $7.16 rewmed to lbe public fer every
cbiJdren 's developmeDt
dollar invested in tbc Higb/Scope Perry program, substantially exceeding earlier estimates. The program was aD
1bese fi.odillgs demonstrate just bow much high-quality
extremely good economic invesuneot, beuer tban most
early childhood programs caD achieve. Because Head
other public and privale
Start and other preuses of society's rescbool programs bave
HIGH/SCOPE PERRY PRESCHOOL snJDY
sources. By iDcreasiDg
served fewer tbao ba1f
SoURCES
OF PuBuc Cosrs AND BENFHTS PER PARriCIPANT
the number of children
of the children living
in poverty and bcanse
per adult from S to 8,
~
tbe program's cost per
tbe quality of such ~
child per year could be
grams
bas varied. the
117,511
reduced to ss.soo with
oatiOD bas been losioJ
virtually no loss in
tbe rea&gt;verable human
w
quality or benefits. The
and fmancial potential
National Head Start
of i&amp;s most vulnerable
~ ~
Association's Silver
citizens. It is essential
' Rjbbon Panel recently
that the nation invest
fully in high-quality.
recommended this same
cost per child for Head
active learning preStart.
school programs for all
cbildren living in povso
Implications The
Schooling
erty or otherwise at
High/Scope Perry Prerisk of failing in school.

--------------------------------------

-----------------------------------i

-COli
To Order
JflGH/SCOPE PRESS

600 N. River SL

FAX 1-800-442-4FAX

Yplilanli. MI 48198-2898

Pbooe 1-800-40-PRESS

Order tbe c::ompletc study lindinp- SignijicDIII Benejils: The High/Scope Perry Preschool Stlldy
Through Age 27 by L. J. Scbweiobll1. H. V. Bunes, and D. P. Weikart. with W. S. Barnett and
A. S. Epstein. S25

A videocassette presentation of study findings and implications by D.P. Weik.art and
L. J. Scbweinblrt iJ available from Higb/Scope Preu. S39
Add important resources to your professional library -

TbC complete Hl&amp;biScope Perry Preschool Series at a Special Price- $125
Packaae iocludel: All 6 HiJWScope Perry Pradlool ~ c:olor videocape illusuatiD&amp; tbe aae-27
HiJh.'Scope Policy P~per daaibiUJ the c:oa-beDetit aulysiL

tiodi~~p.

�EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT

The resulting $8-8.5 million fund would be small in
the context of the entire state budget, and earlychildhood advocates make it plain that they con·
sider this only a staning point. They believe that the
0-to-3 programs will be popular and effective and
thw attract the wide constituency necessary to suppan expansion. The ultimate goals, advocates say,
are a larger commianent of funds for the 0-to-3 programming, the administration of them by a single
state department, and much improved coordination
among existing state and federal programs.
The governor's 1998 State of the State Message
neither directly addressed the needs of the state's
youngest children nor identified program initia·
tives directed specifically at this age group. The
governor did, however, identify a number of "family
strengthening" initiatives that may be expected
to help all children, including those who are very
young and most at risk. These include
•

several across-the-board income tax cuts begin·
ning in 2000 and designed ultimately to reduce
the income tax rate to 3.9 percent;

•

continued expansion of efforts to assist working
parents with child-care needs; and

•

implementation of the previously referenced
MIChild initiative that will provide health in·
surance coverage to uninsured children.

While few lawmakers can be expected to oppose
a tax cut in an election year, some critics note
that the bulk of the proposed relief would go to
people who are not poor and do not have children at risk. Similarly, while critics applaud the
MIChild initiative, they point out that the pro·
gram is essentially a federal one.
&amp;e also Child and Family Services; Child Care;
Health Care Access; Medicare and Medicaid; Special Education; Substance Abwe; Welfare Reform.

151

MICHIGAN IN BRIEF

FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
American Academy of Pediatrics
141 Nonhwest Point Boulevard
Elk Grove Village, IL 60007-1098
(847) 228-5005
""""'.Gap. org

Association for &lt;llild Development

P.O. Box 1491
East~~.~l48826

(800) 234-3287
(517) 332-7200
(517) 332-5543 FAX

Families and Work Institute
330 7th Avenue
New York, New York 10001
(212) 465-2044
""""'·f~.org

lAm YourChild-~ichigan
c/o ~ichigan Council for ~aternal and Child Health
416 West Ottawa Street
~ing, ~I 48933
(5 17) 482-9242
~ichigan 4C Association

2815 Nonhwind Drive, Suite 200
East Lansing, ~148823
(800) 950-4171
(517) 351-4171
www.mi.fc.org
~ichigan

Association for Education of Young Children
Beacon Place
4512 South Hagadorn Road
East ~ing, ~148823-5385
(800) 336-6424
(517) 336-9700
~ichigan's 0\ildren
428 West Lenawee Street
Lans~. ~I 48933
(800) 330-8674
(517) 485-3500
(517) 485-3650 FAX

�EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT

•

improve school readiness; and

•

suppon healthy family environments that discourage alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use.

As of January 20, 1998, 50 local communities had
submitted 63 grant requests. This new grant
program's popularity and a perceived need to do
even more in this area prompted the Michigan
Legislature to put $2 million in the School Aid Act
for FY 199~99 for a program described in virtually
the same language as that for the "0 to 3" program in
the 1997-98 FIA appropriation. legislators arc pondering whether to expand the grant program further
by adding in FY 199~99 another $2.5 million in
the FIA budget and at least $4 million (with similar
statutory language and requirements) in the MDCH
budget. The idea, ultimately, is to shift all of the $8
million-plw funds into a single grant program.

Private Sector
The "I Am Your Child" campaign is a self-styled
"early childhood public-engagement campaign";
its national goal is to bring attention to the impor·
tance of the first three years of life and the policy
implications of recent scientific findings. Michigan is home to many child-welfare advocacy
groups, and although they have myriad missions
and agendas, many are coming together in an "I
Am Your Child-Michigan" campaign. The Michi·
gan campaign has a dual focus: ensuring better coordination among the many state child and family
suppon programs and actively lobbying to secure
$6.5 million in additional funds for the family pres·
ervation and the 0-to-3 grants to local communities.
To date, "I Am Your Child" in Michigan has convened a bipartisan legislative forum on the science
of early childhood development and is convening
regional meetings on the subjecL

DISCUSSION
Recent scientific developments-and their message
that the early years arc critically imponant to the
nation's young-have seriow implications for public
policy debate pertaining to education, child care,

156

MICHIGAN IN BIUEF

welfare, anti-poverty, and health-care programs. The
new developments are potentially revolutionary because they suggest that if intervention-including
education, counseling, and technical training-to
help at-risk children and youth comes later rather
than earlier, it may not be sufficient to overcome a
legacy of early neglect.

Welfare
The effect that welfare reform can have on child care
is especially significant. While the new federal welfare
laws permit states to exempt new mothers from work
requiremenu for up to a year, it is clear that some states
will not do so. In Michigan and Wisconsin, for example,
the work requirement for new mothers kicks in after 12
weeks, not 12 months. The public policy dilemma is apparent: If work requirements actually reduce the income of poor mothers, children will be hurt; yet even
if these mothers do better financially, their young children still may be in jeopardy due to less involvement
with their parent at a critical period. Obviowly, the
availability ofhigh-quality day care for these families
is critical, yet some recent studies suggest that 40 per·
cent of the nation's daycare centers available to infants
and toddlers are substandard.
Insofar as young children arc concerned, perhaps the
most significant of Governor Engler's proposals is his
call to expand "Project Zero" and achieve "100 per·
cent employment in every councy for every parent
on welfare." Presumably, the proposal is based on
the conviction that children, including very young
children, will benefit from the sense of independence,
confidence, and self-worth that having a job will give
their parents.
Skeptics maintain that treating employment as a
panacea leaves several key questions unanswered.
Will poor families actually have fewer financial rc·
sources as the result of work requirements? Will lowincome parents be able to retain their jobs after their
initial employment period? Are there sufficient, highquality daycarc arrangements available to these lowincome families? What will be the net effect of these
children spending less time with their parents?

�Early Childhood Development
BACKGROUND

I

n the last three years, scientific advances in the study of early childhood
development-the period covering a child to age three-have radically a}.
tered the terms of the "nature venus nurture" debate and our understanding
about how children become the adults they later are to be. These advances in
our knowledge of how a child grows have immense public policy implications.
In years past, neuroscientists assumed that by the time babies were born, their
brain structure had been genetically determined. Scientists now have evidence
that both "nurture" and "nature" have a profound effect on brain organization
and function. "It's not a competition," says one researcher, "it's a dance." How
humans develop and learn depend both on their genetic endowment and their
early care and surroundings.

GLOSSARY
Earty childhood
One's, unci/ ore ltlree.
Synapse
)vttaion CICI'DSS which

inpuae pages

0 -

trcm on GJron

wminal to o neuron, muscle celt or
flondcel

The most dramatic finding may be that experiences stimulate electrical activity
in a child's developing brain, which in tum affects the brain's delicate circuitry
in ways that ultimately determine adult capacity.
The brain is composed of cells {neurons) and the synaptic connections they
form to other brain cells. Through interacting with the environment, the child's
brain develops new synapses and, over time, forges new mental capacities. By
age three, a child has acquired the vast majority of the synapses it ever will have
and more than it really ever will need. During gestation, the fetal brain in·
creases by 250,000 neurons a minute. By birth, the baby's brain contains roughly
100 billion neurons-about the number of stars in the Milky Way. Within a
shon time thereafter, the baby's brain produces trillions more connections. The
ensuing maturation process is described by some as the "pruning" of connections
that are not used.
Scientists maintain that this early development is what makes early experi·
ence so crucial. Synapses that a child uses continue to contribute to his/her
personality and intellectual ability; those that are not used may be lost for·
ever and with them a world of potential. Much of what we know about a
person-from his/her mathematical and language abilities, capacity to con·
trol emotion, or make human attachments-may be laid to experience in
the first three years.

I 54

•

About 60 percent of human genes are dedicated to brain development.

•

Each of the 100 billion neurons with which a baby is born rapidly form
synaptic attachments with up to 15,000 other neurons. By age two, a child's

MICHIGAN IN IRIEF

�CHILD CARE

also contend that subsidies are unfair to parents that shortage in Michigan. Many parents do not want
sacrifice income in order to have one parent at home their child in a lian.sed day care center or home,
with the children; such families do not receive the
same tax advantages as dual-income families, and
they in fact subsidize-through taxes-the others.

preferring instead to have their child cared for by a
family member, neighbor, friend, or in-home
babysitter or nanny.

Proponents of additional government support for
child care are especially concerned about the effect of Michigan's new welfare policies (made possible by federal block grants and the devolution of
welfare program responsibility from the federal to
state government) that require recipients of Fam·
ily Independence Program dollars (FIP, formerly
known as Aid to Families with Dependent Children) to work; if they do not, their aid will be re·
duced or eliminated. Although federal guidelines
would allow mothers to stay at home with their
infants for 12 months, the Michigan program re·
quires new mothers receiving FIP assistance to re·
tum to work within 12 weeks of childbirth. Propo·
nents of more public spending for child care argue
that the government is responsible for these children needing such care and should subsidize it to
(1) help needy mothers keep their costs down, (l)
help the mothers to be able to continue working,
and (3) ensure that these children receive good
care from well-uained staff.

Proponents of state- and federally subsidized before/
after-school care programs say that these programs
are justified by such factors as the increase in juve·
nile crime between 2 P.M. and 8 P.M., and a 1990
University of Southern California study that fmds
that eighth-graders left home alone after school re·
port more cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use than
those who are in adult-supervised settings. According to Newswuk, the nation's police chiefs are among
the staunchest backers of after-school care.

These same observers also point out that there al·
ready are more children needing daycare than there
are licensed facilities to provide it. The Michigan
Community Coordinated Child Care (4C) Association reports that currently, there are enough licensed
day care slots only to accommodate 78 percent of all
children in daycare in Michigan. The shortage is es·
pecially acute for infants, school-age children, those
with special needs, and those requiring odd-hour care
because their parent is working at more than one job
or on an odd-hour shift.
Opponents of more public involvement in child care
argue that many child-care centers have openings;
moreover, they say, the fact that the number of children needing care because their parents are working
exceeds the number of available licensed child-care
slots does not necessarily mean there is a child-care

101

MICHIGAN IN BRIEF

They also point out that without subsidies, before/after-school care will be available primarily in neighbor·
hoods that can afford it; only one-third of all American
schools currently offer such programs. According to a
Wellesley College study, more than 15 percent oflow·
income parents report that their children aged 4-7
regularly spend time alone or in the care of a sibling
aged under 12.
Opponents of government-subsidized before/after·
school programs believe that it is not government's
job to raise children. They contend that most such
programs are offered in schools, and schools already
are overburdened. They believe it is a parent's job
to make sure that his/her children have something
safe and constructive to do after school, and the
responsibility should not be shifted elsewhere.

Replatlon
Many child-care advocates believe that federal and
state government should more actively regulate
child-care settings. Currently, the federal govern·
ment has very little to do with setting health, safety,
and quality standards, and the states require only
that child-care providers meet minimal standards.
According to the Children's Defense Fund, six of
seven child-care centers provide care that is me·
diocre to poor, and one in eight provides care that
could jeopardize children's safety and development.

�CHILD CARE

received, a two-year license thereafter; daycare Group daycare licensees need not meet minimal educenters are reinspected annually. Once in opera- cation standards but must be aged 18 or older. If a
tion, the child-care center must follow guidelines group daycare home employs a child-care aide, which
established in the Child Care Organization Act of it must if more than six children are being cared for,
1973 on such matters as the caregiver-to-children a/he must be aged at least 14. The ratio of staff to
ratio (see exhibit), acceptable discipline tech- children (including any of the staff'&amp; own who are
niques, number and nutritional content of meals aged under 7) shall not be less than 1:6 (i.e., there
and macks, and type of equipment required.
&amp;hall be no fewer than one staff member for every six
children); no more than four children may be under
30 months, and no more than two may be under 18
Required Minimum Stafl'-to-Children
months. Group and family daycare homes must meet
Ratio, Michigan Child-Care Centen
certain state guidelines, but they are much more gen·
eral than those imposed on child-care centers. There
are almost 17,000 group and family daycare homes
in Michigan; 90 percent are the latter.
Infants (up to lO months)
2.5 dii"'OIIh ] yean

1:4
1:10
1:12
1:20
1:]0

4 dii"'OIIh 5 years
6 dii"'OIIh 12 yean
ll~l7yean

l'aao required for
child In JI"'UP

}'OUnlat

SOURCE: OiWiion rtf 01111 ~

c..nner Md lttMtry s.noces.

~

Midlipt Olflaren.ftll(

Group and Family Doycore Homes
The difference between a group and a family
daycare home is the number of children for which
it may care (12 and 6, respectively) and the state's
requirements for its operation (licensure and reg·
istration, respectively). Both operate in private
residences.
Group daycare homes must be licensed, and the
licensee undergoes a criminal-conviction check
and premises inspection.
Family daycare homes need only be registered with
the MOCIS: The caregiver must certify that s/he
meets state regulations, submit three personal refer·
ences, test negative for tuberculosis, participate in
orientation, and pass protective-services and aiminal-record clearances; the home wUI be visited by a
MOCIS licensing consultant during the first 90 days
the home is certified. Registration is valid for three
years and does not require a visit from a MOCIS
licensing consultant for renewal.

I 06

MICHIGAN IN BRIEF

Another child-care option is an in-home caregivere.g., nanny, babysitter, grandparent, friend, neighbor.
These informal arrangements are not regulated by the
state. The existence of these informal arrangements
malces it difficult to lcnow precisely the percentage of
children in each setting, but a recent news New York
Trmes repon (April5, 1998) indicates that of children
with working mothers, 29 percent are cared for in
child-care centers, preschools, or nursery schools, 25
percent by relatives, 16 percent by fathers, 15 percent
in family daycare homes, 5 percent by a nanny or au
pair, and the remaining 10 percent in some other way.
Before/after-school care programs are subject to the
same licensing rules as child-care centers, except that
the director may substitute 12 credit hours in elemen·
tary education, physical education, or recreation for
the early ·childhood-related courses required of a
child-center director. For children aged 6-12, the
staff-to-child ratio may not be less than 1:20; for
children aged 13-17, 1:30. If the care is given in a
public school building, cenain safety requirements
may be waived.

Cost and Fundin1
The average cost for daycare is $4,000 per child
per year; some families pay as much as $10,000
for center-based or in-home care. State and federal government help by providing subsidies to lowincome families (states provide them directly, while

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                    <text>Michigan in Brief
1998-99
6TII Enrno~

Michigan Nonprofit Association
Council of Michigan Foundations

Prepared and published by
Public Sector Consultants) Inc.

�ABoUT THE SPONSORS
The Michigan Nonprofit Association (MNA) is sponsoring publication ofl-4ichigan in Brief 1998-99 as pan
of the nonprofit/philanthropic sector's strategy to prepare for the new public policy environment that will
follow from the November 1998 elections. The 1999-2000 session of the Michigan Legislature will be the
first elected under the full effect of term limits. The many new members in this and subsequent bodies must
quickly learn how state government works and rapidly gain knowledge about a multitude of complicated
issues; this reference book will help them.
With over 450 active members, the MNA's mission is to promote awareness and effectiveness of Michigan's
nonprofit sector and to advance the cause of volunteerism and philanthropy throughout the state. The
association's objectives and priorities are as follows:
•

Foster ways in which the nonprofit, government, and private sectors can confront common issues and
concerns and collaborate to help people in need

•

Encourage voluntary giving and service

•

Educate the public about the nonprofit sector's scope and values

•

Help nonprofit organizations meet their management, organization, and technical needs

•

Take an active role in shaping public policy that affects the nonprofit sector

The Michigan Public Policy Initiative (MPPI) is the public policy ann of the MNA. It was developed in
cooperation with the Council of Michigan Foundations (CMF) and with the support of the W.K. Kellogg
Foundation. The Initiative will be an assertive voice for the nonprofit sector, actively working with leaders
in the public and private sectors to influen~e public policy.

Michigan in Brief 1998-99 is the first phase of a three-pan program to develop and carry out the Michigan
nonprofit sector's public policy strategy. The second phase will comprise a series of pre-election informa·
tional forums and seminars for members of the private, public, and nonprofit sectors. Following the 1998
election, the MPPI will sponsor educational programs and briefings for elected officials, legislative staff, and
policymakers on issues important both to the nonprofit sector and policymakers.
The third phase will focus on forming collaborative relationships among nonprofit organizations, govern·
ment agencies, and research and higher education institutions. The Initiative will identify and disseminate
the results of public policy research being conducted at Michigan colleges and universities and identify areas
in which further research is needed. For further information about the MPPI, please contact the Michigan
Nonprofit Association, 29 Kellogg Center, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1022; (517) 353-5038.
Cosponsor of Michigan in Brief 1998-99 is the Council of Michigan Foundations. Established in 1973, the
CMF is a nonprofit, membership association of 400 private, family, community, and corporate foundations
and corporate-giving programs that make grants for charitable purposes. The mission of the CMF is to
enhance, improve, and increase philanthropy in Michigan.

v

�The CMF supports both existing and developing grant,making foundations with specialized publications,
training events, a FAX,on,Demand service, advocacy with state and federal policymakers, and on,site
consultation. In addition, the CMF networks with organizations serving the nonprofit sector and grant
seekers. The 11th edition of the CMF's Michigan Foundation Directory will be published in fall 1998 along
with the biennial Suroey of Michigan Foundation Philanthropy and Information for Seeldng Foundation and

Corporate Grants.
The CMF has two supponing organizations: The Michigan AIDS Fund is a collaborative effon by public
and private philanthropy that supports endeavors to prevent the spread of AIDS and to alleviate suffering
for those infected and affected by it, and the Michigan Community Foundations' Youth Project supports the
growth of community foundations and involvement of high school youth as grant makers with community,
foundation youth,advisory committees.

vi

�APPENDIXO

Volunteering in Michigan
M

ichigan, with its long history and strong commitment to volunteerism,
frequently is referred to as "one of the leading states in the nation" in
the field. This proud distinction reflects Michiganians' high degree of col,
laboration and innovation in their approach to volunteer service. The dis,
tinction is no accident-it grew from many years of effon and innovation
and a willingness to put aside the panisan political agenda to serve the com,
mon good.

..

Although the greatest strides in volunteerism have come in the last decade,
the foundation of the modern volunteer movement was laid more than 30
years ago with George W. Romney's election as governor of Michigan. He
lived the concept of citizen service and championed its cause throughout
Michigan and the nation. Governor Romney saw volunteering as vital and
necessary to community problem solving and considered it to be the re,
sponsibility of every individual. Few who met him failed to be moved by his
passion for service or challenged by his conviction. Among his permanent
contributions to the field of service are the establishment of Volunteer: Na,
tional Center (1970) and the Points of Light Foundation (1990). He also
receives credit for conceiving and instigating the Presidents' Summit for
America's Future (1997); although the summit did not occur until after
Governor Romney's death, it is testament to his legacy that it marked the
first time in U.S. history that all the living presidents joined forces to address
a volunteer issue.
Today, Michigan has a extensive network of public and private organizations
that suppon volunteer service, and these are supplemented by the work of na,
tional, regional, and local affiliates. To name but a few, state organizations in,
elude the Council of Michigan Foundations, Michigan Association ofVolunteer
Administrators, Michigan Campus Compact, Michigan Community Service
Commission, Michigan Nonprofit Association, United Way of Michigan, and
Volunteer Centers of Michigan. Although each serves a panicular constituency
(with a small degree of overlap), all work closely at the state level to coordinate
their efforts and foster community collaboration. As other state networks and
organizations evolve to promote volunteerism, they inevitably become pan of
this growing circle of suppon.

444

MICHIGAN IN BRIEF

�APPENDIX 0: VOLUNTEERING IN MICHIGAN

WHAT IS VOLUNTEERISM?
Voluntary action is popular in Michigan, but its nature is difficult to formally
capture. Many volunteer activities are so central to daily life-such as helping in a school-that they are not seen as volunteering but as routine. Whether
a given activity is seen as "volunteering" is matter of personal interpretation,
and such designation varies by culture, religious affiliation, and socioeconomic group. Volunteering also is affected by a number of societal phenomena, including single-parent families, dual-income households, family and
corporate volunteer programs, national service, and changing lifestyles.
Moreover, there sometimes is confusion about the difference between
"volunteerism" (voluntary action) and "community service" (typically used
in reference to mandated involvement through the judicial system). The
terms increasingly are used interchangeably, and there certainly are no boundaries imposed on the realm of activities that may be considered "volunteering": Tasks range from raking a local park to helping organizations raise funds
to advocating for a cause to serving on the board of a community organization. The absence of a universal definition or established parameters makes
it difficult to quantitatively measure the extent of volunteerism. It also makes
it difficult to characterize a "volunteer." Community experience tells us that
the "traditional" volunteer-typically middle class, Caucasian, Christianis largely a thing of the past, although researchers find this conventional
image still reflected in most statistical data.
There are many ways for a person to become involved in volunteerism: at
one's own initiative, as part of an elective group (e.g., family, youth organization, service club), or as part of a prescribed group (e.g., classroom, work
place). However one comes to be a volunteer, his/her efforts generally fall
into one of three categories: service learning, service corps, or mandatory/
compulsory service.

•

Sen~ice learning is tied to an education curriculum or has a specific education
component. Not only is a service rendered for the common good, but the
volunteer gains from the personal development that comes from helping
others.

•

A senlice corps is a team of volunteers organized to perform service over an
extended period. Full-time corps members may receive living allowances
and/or education awards; examples are AmeriCorps, AmeriCorps*VlSTA,
National Civilian Community Corps, and Peace Corps. Programs involving
shorter-term commitments, such as the Youth Volunteer Corps, may offer
no financial support.

•

Mandatory or compulsory service is carried out when an authoritative body,
such as a school or court, requires such service as a way to earn credit or
discharge an obligation.

REVISED APRIL 1999

445

�APPENDIX 0: VOLUNTEERING IN MICHIGAN

WHO VOLUNTEERS IN MICHIGAN?
A number of surveys have been conducted to ascertain the extent of
volunteerism in Michigan and gain information about the people who do it.
A 1994 survey found that Michigan volunteers averaged 18.8 hours of ser·
vice in the month prior to the survey, with men and women offering ap·
proximately the same hours. African-Americans were found to be volunteering more time (an average of 28.5 hours in the prior month) than Caucasians (17.5 hours). In 1997 the Institute for Public Policy and Social Research (Michigan State University) surveyed 975 Michigan residents on their
nonprofit and voluntary activity. More than 40 percent of respondents reported volunteering during the prior 12 months. Although this is lower than
the national rate (50 percent), the survey found that Michiganians devote
more time to volunteering than do their national counterparts. Following
are a number of the 1997 survey's broad findings.

•

Gender Men (42 percent) and women (40 percent) are equally likely to
volunteer.

•

Age The youngest and oldest age groups volunteer less than others; the
highest instance of volunteering (49 percent) occurs among those aged 3554.

•

Race More Caucasians volunteer than do African-Americans (44 percent
and 20 percent, respectively).

•

Education Fifty percent of those who have college education volunteer,
while for those with less education, the figure is only 26 percent.

•

Partisan affiUaticm Republicans (4 7 percent) and independents (4 7 percent)
volunteer more than Democrats (35 percent), who volunteer more than
those who have no political affiliation (30 percent).

•

Religion Catholics volunteer the most (49 percent), followed by Protestants (31 percent) and those with no religious affiliation (23 percent).

•

More than half of all east central Michigan and northern Michigan residents volunteer, while only a quarter of Detroit residents volunteer.
The Upper Peninsula has the second lowest rate of volunteerism (35 percent).

•

Contributors Of people who financially support an organization, 80 per·
cent also give of their time.

•

NorHJolunteers

Geography

Almost 60 percent said they do not have enough time
to volunteer; other reasons for not volunteering include physical or emotional disability (10 percent) and not having been asked (7 percent).

Twenty-five years of surveys (by Gallup, JC Penney, and Battelle Institute) indicate the primary reason people volunteer (42-62 percent of respondents over
this period) is because "somebody asked."

446

MICHIGAN IN BRIEF

�APPENDIX 0: VOLUNTEERING IN MICHIGAN

most cannot help volunteers with daycare for their children or transportation. If volunteering is to be a meaningful form of personal development
and community benefit, the programs that are providing the experience
must receive the support they need to make it so.
•

Sustainable ftl11ding is a key issue for most volunteer programs. Despite the
fact that most nonprofit agencies rely heavily on volunteers in delivering
their services (and the need to do so is increasing with welfare reform and
devolution) , volunteer programs are run with administrative funds, which
are the hardest to obtain and usually first to be cut when there is a budget
squeeze. Moreover, what funding there is for volunteer recruitment, train·
ing, and supervision/management varies from year to year, making it difficult for most small nonprofits to establish solid volunteer programs (many
now rely on outside agencies, such as volunteer centers, to help them recruit
and coordinate volunteers). In 1997 the State of Michigan instituted Volunteer Investment grants, coordinated through the Michigan Community
Service Commission; although this is a step in the right direction, the program requires local fund-raising for an endowment, which presents its own
set of challenges. People in the field are hoping for sustainable administrative funding that will complement the private grant monies that organizations receive and permit them to develop and sustain strong volunteer programs that will expand their ability to meet community needs.

•

Volunteer liability is a serious concern for most nonprofit organizations. While
liability insurance is available to cover the actions of volunteers, most is
inadequate, particularly with regard to youth volunteers and where transportation is involved. The federal Volunteer Liability Act (1997) protects
volunteers who work with nonprofit organizations and government agencies
from personal liability in most cases but not all.

CONCLUSION
Volunteering is a popular way to make a difference in Michigan communities. It
is promoted through such large-scale national events as America's Promise, Make
A Difference Day (annually, in October) and National Volunteer Week (annually, in April) and through such individual organization and local efforts as Day
of Caring, Alternative Spring Break, and Nickelodeon's Big Help Day. As the
nonprofit sector takes on new and expanded functions, the role of volunteers is
likely to increase. In addition, welfare reform and other initiatives are drawing
volunteers from nontraditional sectors, and this will increase the frequency of
volunteering. All indicators point to volunteerism continuing to have a strong
presence in Michigan, with volunteers becoming more active, vocal, and selective (that is, they are looking for opportunities through which they may help to
meet real community needs) in their efforts.

448

MICHIGAN IN BRIEF

�FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Independent Sector
1828 L Street, N.W., Suite 1200
Washington, OC 20036
(202) 223-8100
www. irukpsec .org
Michigan Community Service
Commission
George W. Romney Building, 4th Floor
Ill South Capitol Avenue
Lansing, Ml 48913
(517) 335-4295
Michigan Campus Compact
29 Kellogg Center
East Lansing, Ml 48824-1022
(517) 353-5038
(517) 355-3302 FAX
Michigan Nonprofit Association
29 Kellogg Center
East Lansing, Ml 48824-1022
(517) 353-5038
(517) 355-3302 FAX

Nonprofit Michigan Project
Institute for Public Policy and
Social Research
Michigan State University
321 Berkey Hall
East Lansing, Ml 48824-1111
(517) 355-6672
(517) 432-1544 FAX
Points of Light Foundation
1737 H Street, N.W.
Washington, OC 20036
(202) 223-9186
www. pointsoflight. org
Volunteer Centers of Michigan
29 Kellogg Center
East Lansing, MI 48824-1022
(517) 353-92 78
(517) 355-3302 FAX

This excerpt is reprinted and revised, with permission, from Michigan in Brief 199899, sponsored by the Michigan Nonprofit Association and the Council of Michigan
Foundations, with support from the WK. KeUogg Foundation, and published by Public Sector Consultants, Inc.

REVISED APRIL 1999

449

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                    <text>(M*N~A)

Michigan Nonprofit Association
Strategic Plan Progress Report
December 18, 2001

Goal: Stable Core Fundin!!
i~T T
ObiectiveY

Comprehensive Annual
Sponsorship Plan
Comprehensive Foundation
Plan
Program-based Funding Goals
Increase Membership Dues to
15% of annual budget

Michigan Nonprofit Association

... ..··. .
.··,·. ,........ · · ... ·•
···ilt-i!i!resS:tliis'Qu;lfter . '
• Plan approved by MNA Fund Advancement Committee;
December I, 200 I implementation.
• Plan developed; January 5, 2002 implementation .
··

•
•

•

•

•

.

.

...

Under review and development.
Redesign ofMNA Dues fuvoice wiii help members process
dues payment more quickly and accurately, resulting in better
cash flow and increased dues revenue.
Redesign and wider dissemination of membership status repmi
wiii help to maintain current membership and dues revenue.
Systematic membership prospecting and recruitment in
develooment (involve staff and board); includes incentives.

MNA has expanded efforts to increase MNA strategic fund
revenue.

Goal: Deliverv of Pro!!rams and servi ccs
' :' ..
.\
Qbie'ctive
77"':- •' .L ·•· ·.· 'Pr6iires~··tllisQtlart~r·· .: - ' .. .
- 'c '
Develop comprehensive
• Working with MSU Service Learning Center to build a class
marketing plan
which offers students hands-on learning and service in the
nonprofit sector.
• Consultation held with Uproar Communications .
• Fmiher action on hold due to budgetary restraints
Enhance technology use for
• Broadcast fax dissemination of classified ads .
administration and service
• Web placement of classified ads within 48 hours .
delive1y
• On-line focus group session conducted re: standards and
benchmarks project ofMSO network (support by

..

&lt;

..

CyberState.org)~

Goal: Administrative Efficiency

;l@Jil~HHe/''t: ,. •'" •:"''
Refine invoicing systems

..•? ;Jii'illhi\lf~Jhl~Olia~Wr:i '"' · · \
•
•

t&gt; •··.••···.·. · : . &lt;·.··.··'·.·: ...•. · t '

·. ·

MNA Dues Invoice redesigned for efficiency.
Redesign and broader dissemination of monthly membership
status reports provides more effective monitoring of
membershio.

1

�G oal: Increase membership to 1,000 by :2004
..... &lt;
: •..
.
;progress ·tliis. Qnar!lit&gt; &gt; •:· ; . . ..
OIJj~ctiv¢
.
·
...
..·.··.····
Recruit by geography and
Assessing opportunity for partnerships with associations of
organization size
constituents groups (i.e. Big Brothers/Big Sisters of Michigan)
to broaden geographic scope and promote membership benefits.
Engage board members and
Phase I of member recruitment that engages board member
partner organizations
completed (letter mailed, follow-up calls made). Phase II in
planning stage.
IdentifY existing networks
Jerry Lindman participated in GVSU Johuson Center New CEO
(executive director networks,
Training Seminar (27 CEOs).

..

·

. .

.

·.

•
•

•

etc.)
.

Enhance marketing and MNA
visibility

•

More efficiently utilize
technology

•

.

Staff continues to promote MNA through speaking, training
sessions and collaborations. Membership material mailed to
120 MSHDA grantees and 200 MI Women's Foundation
grantees.
MNA website being redesigned for January 2002 launch. Goal
is to include "members only" benefits no later than July 1,
2002.

...

.· ...

Goal· Increase use of member services
.
.·
·..,
:Prilltress this Quahef . · • . •·•···· ·: •· '
Examine and redefine
• Initial review complete. Enhancements and improved
partnership programs/services
alternatives for program/service delivery being researched.
Develop new D&amp;O insurance
In
• place effective October I, 2001

cQli.i~ctive····· •.

.

Explore opportunities for new

•

services

Enhance marketing of existing
services and products

•

a more systematic
tracking and follow-up
non-renewals
a system to track use
of member services

•
•

Communicate value ofservices
utilized
New Executive
Members Only component of
Web site

•
•
•
•
•

. . .·.·• &gt; •,-}'

Cutrent programs/services under review: New Horizons
Learning Centers (computer and management training); Contact
Telephony (broadcast fax); and expanded Nonprofit Risk
Management Center services.
Monthly schedule developed to include advertisements for
MNA products/services in MNA LINKS

Continuing activity:
Quarterly membership report to Board; follow-up calls to nonexit
after final ·
Conducted initial review of membership software; evaluated
capacity of cutrent database.
Further action
for
to
On hold until FY 2002-03 due to budgetaty restraints (requires
member
Consultation with design firm conducted; awaiting quote for
In development phase; expect to be launched no later than July
2001.

2

�Member Services, co11t.

..

Goal: Re!!ional Service Deliverv
.
..
·. .. ·:
Pro!!re8s tltis Qtiarter ·· ·
bbiective
••
.·'
Establish regional
• Current focus on partnerships with constituent associations .
.. ·

.

·.

·

....

offices/partnerships

Target areas include Metro~Detroit;

Marquette; Jackson; Flint; Ann Arbor;
Calhoun County; Grand Rapids,
Gaylord; Mt. Pleasant and
Bav/Saoinaw/Midland

•

Development of metro-Deh·oit partnership advancing steadily;
will serve as template for further regional office development.

Trilinjltg ·~itd Techitical·Assistl\ltce
Goal: Work with MSO's to streamline sunnort services
Progress· tilts Quarter ·. • ·
Obiective
Develop statewide assessment
• Draft framework developed; presented to focus groups in
tool for NPO 's
October, 2001; recommendations for change presented to MSO
network in December; final draft expected in January for late
winter/earlv suring availability.
Develop a statewide NPO
• MSO network reviewing three proposals from potential
Compensation &amp; Benefit
vendors; focus solely on 50lc3; target dissemination is spring
Survey
2002.

..

Identifj• gaps in service
de/ivel)' (region and topic) and
develop appropriate
Strateeies

•

Currently building relationships and MNA presence in metro
Grand Rapids community.

'
I A
provt'd eTT
Goal: Utilize technolO!!V to more effitctentlv
. , .·· L.' '.·: .. : ::
Obiectrve
.. ·.
•• :Proi!re8s·thiH~liartei·&lt; •· ·•· . ~.' :; : ·•·•. /
IdentifY existing resources
• Exploring distance learning opportnnity with Michigan Rural
(distance learning, web-based
Community Health Initiative to provide fund development
resources)
training to their crantees and local oatiners.
Establish relationships that
• Discussing member discounts with various private sector
will provide low-cost access to
providers.

.... --

&gt; ··

members
IdentifY technology assessment
tool for NPO application

Goal:

•

In development by NPower.

Increase fumling education for members

O!il~~tWe

. \ / .....•. \.• . ·:;;: ;i!i'ili!i&lt;li$.sJifi~•m\iat\ffr7·'·i• ••···••·• ''.:. •· •• •c·•·• ····••(·.•. ;;'· · .· •;;·•··'t. ,,

Annual hosting ofIU
Fundraising School

•

Encourage development of and
utilization of consultant pool
for site-based assistance and
strategies

•

Principles and Techniques (101) course scheduled for February
2002; Leadership for Major Gifts (20 1) scheduled for June,
2002 (focus on MCC and VCM constituents).
Research of similar networks through peer state associations for
"model practices"; continue discussions with regional
consultants as to interest and opportunity.

3

�Training and Tee/mica{ Assistance, cont.
Goal: Develon an Executive Develonment Pro{!ram
:•.· .· ;· ~:.... ;.
Obiectiv~. · ·.·· ~•. ··..·.·.·.· &lt; . Pro!!ress this··(Qu~rt~r
Utilize NPO Self-assessment as
• Possibility for collaboration for with Johnson Center New CEO
a capacity building tool and
Seminar being investigated;

.

•· ·&gt;·&lt;·: •.

fi'amework
'ror EDP
Utilize existing research
projects for analysis and
presentation of current
NPO data/trends/issues
Consider applicability and
priority of developing an
emerging leader program

....

•

Michigan Giving and Volunteering and ES 202 in progress;
communication with Mark Wilson continues.

•

Emerging leader track and pre-conference day being developed
for SC 2002. Discussions in progress with Johnson Center and
Michigan Public Health Institute for possible partnershios.

......

Goal· Enhance use of consultants to deliver effective service
~
~·
.. .'CC ...
. .
·Proi!tess this Quarter .
oirteMive
Consultant Direct01y on
• Consultant Directory is online and operational.
MichiganNonprojit.com
• 20 consulting firms currently registered .
• Effective Febmary 15,2002,$100 annual listing fee for nonMNA member consultants.
.

.

·.

.. , .

.

Goal: Develon and nromote MNAstaff expertise
......·.
.. .
. .. &lt;
.. ··.•·
Pro!!rcis tliis Quarter . .
Cross-train staff in
• Standardized Power-point presentations being developed of all
"standardized" trainings
basic curricula (lobbying, advocacy, volunteer management,
(board development, volunteer
fund development, board development, grant writing); crossmanagement, grant writing,
training sessions will begin late winter 2002.

· 0bhlctive

·

·

.

etc.)
Create a brochure/directory of
MNA staffskills

•

Will follow cross-training sessions.

Promote MNA staff consultant
voo/
Define parameters for
independent consulting of
MNA staff with members

•

Target dissemination at Volunteerism SuperConference.

•

Conflict of Interest policies being researched and developed.

4

�'Public Policy
Goal· Advocate for sector

bbWC:tive ,c;c-"C,_., -., .,-:·· Pto11teys t)Iis Quarter

·'

&gt;

:

.·

;.

:

. '

.

..

.

' ' ·.

Monitor legislation

•

-·-··
Legislation monitored and updated
on the MPPI Web site .

Develop overall public policy
strategy

•

Public Policy Committee discussed and developed strategy for
updating them on important issues.

Develop and disseminate
policy recommendations and
position statements

•

Set for dissemination May 2002, focus groups will be held and
MNA members will be surveyed beginning January 2002.

Enhance lobbying activity

•

MNA formed a work group to address proposed legislation (HB
4863) that would require the state to establish or adopt a do-notcall list for charitable telephone solicitation and MNA is
alerting the sponsors of the legislation about the nonprofit
community's concems.
MNA continues to monitor bills and lobby legislators when
needed.
Completed .

•
Redesign MPPI Web site

•

Public Policy Email Updates

•

Now called MPPI Policy Portals, the e-mail alerts are sent twice
a month.

Individual legislator meetings

•

Meetings with individual legislators have begun and will
continue after the New Year.

Goal: Eu!!a!!e localuouurofits in advocacy efforts

·obiilctiY()

,.·:y---- . ·. · :' &lt;:

'\;··-&lt;··· •· . ·. . .• . r '
MNA utilized Givevoice.org in November to encourage
inclusion of tax incentives for charitable giving in any
economic stimulus package.

.J&gt;toi!resstliisOu!\rt~r

.. _/ . .·

;

Promote use ofGiveVoice.org

•

Create public policy regional
councils

•

Further developed the concept with the guidance of the MPPI
Advisory Committee, and have set schedule to develop two
public policy regional councils within the next year.

Promote effectiveness of
grassroots efforts through
Advocacv Gravevine
Host Nonprofit Day annually

•

Advocacy Grapevine appears monthly in the MNA Links .

•

Nonprofit Day 2001 was held on September 26, over 150
nonprofit leaders attended.
The next Nonprofit Day is scheduled for September 26, 2002 .

•

...

5

�Public Policy, cout.

G oa:
I Educate poI'Icy-makers

Qbj¢ctive ···. .
Issues in Brief

;

.

Michigan in Brief

;

.

•

50 topics selected with input from legislators, practitioners and
funders.
MIB, seventh edition, will be published June 2002 .

G oa:
I E n1ance
I
me d'Ia component of a&lt;I vocacy effor t s

&lt; .•· .· ,

..

•
•

'·.
Ob je'ctiv!) •.
Participate in Michigan Press
Association's annual
conference

.

I'rogreskibis ~uarter · · ..·. ·., . . .. . . c . . . ;' ,· ..
Two briefings held to date; remaining scheduled for 2002 .

:.

.· .. . . .
J&gt;rogr~s•tliisQiiader. •. ;;'.'.&lt;f.'.c,·•,·· .'C/.·
MNA is working with MPA to participate in their next annual
conference in 2002
.

•

Support and participate in
university joumalism
programs

•
•

Erin Skene guest lectured at MSU course
MNA provided the students with materials about Michigan
nonprofits

Disseminate two press releases
per month

•

Press releases are sent out regularly via PR Newswire and the
Michigan Press Association

Increase MNA visibility on
broadcast programs

•

MNA has been used routinely as a source throughout this
quarter for the Michigan Radio Network and the Michigan
Public Radio.
MNA, the Michigan Association of United Ways, the Michigan
Community Service Commission and the Council of Michigan
Foundations held a press conference to encourage local giving
on November 15 in Lansing.

•

'Research···.
Goal:

Continue Research

Spotlights on Applied Research
publication and dissemination

•
•

Dissemination continues of the second Spotlight on Applied
Research.
The third Spotlight will be released in January.

Locate sector
projects at individual
universities

•

Researchers and Nonprofit Committee has developed a onepage source for locating research about the sector, which can be
viewed on the MPPI Web site.

Develop
promote
on the sector

•

The 2002 Giving and Volunteering Survey and an informal
survey on Emerging Trends for Michigan Nonprofits were
highlighted at a press conference on November 15.

6

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                <text>&lt;a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/515"&gt;Our State of Generosity collection, JCPA-04&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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