38 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8760cac28faff6addfb68a25f686de21.pdf e44059b57a5e4998ccf227f564969e85 PDF Text Text Lakes to Land Regional Initiative Uni q u e Re g i o n . Uni q u e Co m m u n i t i e s . S h a r e d Vi s i o n Arcadia Township Master Plan Ad o p t e d S e p t e m b e r 3, 2014 . �[ T H I S PA G E I N T E N T I O N A L L Y L E F T B L A N K ] �ARCADIA TOWNSHIP MASTER PLAN SEPTEMBER 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Township Board ALLIANCE FORlf' EcoNOMIC SucoEss Doug Carter Supervisor Ken Messer Treasurer B R (I) Beckett&Raeder Patrice Wisner Clerk Greg Wisner Trustee Michael Cederholm Trustee Planning Commission Brad Hopwood Planning Commission Chair Lakes to Land Leadership Team Co-Chair John Sievert Planning Commission Vice Chair Greg Wisner CHARLES STEWART MOTT FOUNDATION Planning Commission Secretary Lakes to Land Leadership Team Representative Kirk Urban Planning Commissioner Chip May ROTARY CHARITIES ----<~®-- of TRAVERSE CITY Planning Commissioner Tamara Buswinka Zoning Administrator �[ T H I S PA G E I N T E N T I O N A L L Y L E F T B L A N K ] �Contents Glossary vii Introduction Participating Communities I-4 Context Regional Setting C-1 Natural Assets C-11 Transportation C-27 Regional Recreation C-39 Cultural Resources C-53 Demographics C-59 Dashboards C-67 County Plans C-77 Community Engagement Outreach E-1 Visioning E-9 Arcadia Township People and Land Expectations P-1 People and Places P-11 Infrastructure P-23 Land P-31 Action Plan P-51 Appendix A liii Appendix B lxvii Implementation Priority Sharing M-1 Collaboration M-9 �[ T H I S PA G E I N T E N T I O N A L L Y L E F T B L A N K ] �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | v i i Glossary Sources APA - American Planning Association Planner’s Dictionary EPA - Environmental Protection Agency MI NREPA - Michigan Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act B&R - Beckett & Raeder, Inc. Blight Unsightly condition including the accumulation of debris, litter, rubbish, or rubble; fences characterized by holes, breaks, rot, crumbling, cracking, peeling, or rusting; landscaping that is dead, characterized by uncontrolled growth or lack of maintenance, or damaged; and any other similar conditions of disrepair and deterioration regardless of the condition of other properties in the neighborhood. (Lincoln, Nebr., APA) Buffer (also screening) A strip of land, fence, or border of trees, etc., between one use and another, which may or may not have trees and shrubs planted for screening purposes, designed to set apart one use area from another. An appropriate buffer may vary depending on uses, districts, size, etc., and shall be determined by the [appropriate local board]. (Pomfret Township, N.Y., APA) An area of land, including landscaping, berms, walls, fences, and building setbacks, that is located between land uses of different character and is intended to mitigate negative impacts of the more intense use on a residential or vacant parcel. (Dona Ana County, N.Mex., APA) A strip of land with natural or planted vegetation located between a structure and a side or rear property line intended to separate and partially obstruct the view of two adjacent land uses or properties from one another. A buffer area may include any required screening for the site. (Charlotte, N.C., APA) Open spaces, landscaped areas, fences, walls, berms, or any combination thereof used to physically and visually separate one use or property from another in order to mitigate the impacts of noise, light, or other nuisance. (Clarkdale, Ariz., APA) Man-made or natural vegetated area with plantings to protect adjacent permitted residential uses from noise, odor, dust, fumes, glare, or unsightly storage of materials in commercial or industrial districts. (Rock Hall, Md., APA) Buffer zone (also transitional zone): Districts established at or adjoining commercial-residential district boundaries to mitigate potential frictions between uses or characteristics of use. Such district regulations may provide for transitional uses, yards, heights, off-street parking, lighting, signs, buffering, or screening. (Miami, Fla, APA.) �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | v i i i Cottage Industry (also home-based business; home occupation) A small, individual-owned business or concern that functions without altering the residential character of the neighborhood, and which does not create any negative impacts on the public health, safety, and general welfare of the adjacent property owners. (Dona Ana County, N.Mex, APA.) A business in a residential area conducted primarily by the residents of the property manufacturing artistic, handicraft, and other craft items. (Monterey County, Calif., APA) A processing, assembling, packaging, or storage industry, generally employing fewer than 20 persons, conducted wholly within an enclosed building located on a site isolated from other such uses, generating low traffic volumes and with little or no noise, smoke, odor, dust, glare, or vibration detectable at any property line. (Multnomah County, Ore., APA) A use conducted for the generation of revenue entirely within a dwelling, or in an accessory structure located on the same lot or tract as a dwelling, which complies with the requirements of [local code]. The use must: be clearly incidental and secondary to the use of the property for residential purposes; not change the character of the structure or area; or have any exterior evidence of the workshop. Home workshops are intended to be limited to low intensity uses that produce or repair a product, but can be operated in such a way that they do not adversely affect adjacent properties. (Fort Wayne, Ind., APA) Conservation Easements A nonpossessory interest in real property imposing limitations or affirmative obligations, the purposes of which include retaining or protecting natural, scenic, or open space values of real property; assuring its availability for agricultural, forest, recreational, or open space use; protecting natural resources; or maintaining air or water quality. (Muskegon, Mich., APA) A nonpossessory interest in land that restricts the manner in which the land may be developed in an effort to conserve natural resources for future use. (Rock Hall, Md., APA) Anonpossessory interest of a holder in real property imposing limitations or affirmative obligations for conservation purposes or to preserve the historical, architectural, archaeological, or cultural aspects of real property. (Concord, N.C., APA) An easement intended to protect, preserve, and conserve a natural feature, which shall prohibit the construction of any buildings or structures within the easement and shall prohibit the removal of all vegetation, except that which is necessary for protecting the public health and safety and/or according to an approved forest management plan, where required. (Wayne County, Ohio, APA) Dark Sky Provisions An ordinance or portion thereof designed to protect and promote the public health, safety and welfare, the quality of life, and the ability to view the night sky, by establishing regulations and a process of review for exterior lighting. (Ketchum, Idaho, B&R) Existing Land Use Map A map depicting the use of each parcel at the time of the writing of a master plan. (B&R) Future Land Use Map A map depicting the intended land use in each area of a jurisdiction. (B&R) �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | i x Impervious Surface Any hard-surfaced, man-made area that does not readily absorb or retain water, including but not limited to building roofs, parking and driveway areas, graveled areas, sidewalks, and paved recreation areas. (Lake County, Ill., APA) Any nonvertical surface artificially covered or hardened so as to prevent or impede the percolation of water into the soil mantle, including but not limited to roof tops excepting eaves, swimming pools, paved or graveled roads, and walkways or parking areas and excluding landscaping, surface water retention/detention facilities, access easements serving neighboring property, and driveways to the extent that they extend beyond the street setback due to location within an access panhandle or due to the application of [county] requirements to site features over which the applicant has no control. (King County, Wash., APA) Any material that substantially reduces or prevents the infiltration of stormwater into previously undeveloped land. “Impervious area” shall include graveled driveways and parking areas. (Sandy, Ore., APA) A surface consisting of asphalt, concrete, roofing material, brick, paving block, plastic, or other similar material which does not readily absorb water. (Bayfield County, Wisc., APA) Any material which prevents, impedes, or slows infiltration or absorption of storm water directly into the ground at the rate of absorption of vegetation-bearing soils, including building, asphalt, concrete, gravel, and other surfaces. (Traverse City, Mich., APA) Low Impact Development An approach to land development (or re-development) that works with nature to manage stormwater as close to its source as possible. (EPA) Open Space land free of human structures, including non-permeable surface coverings to be used for parking. Open space may be privately owned and used for agriculture, forestry, or other commercial, recreational or aesthetic purposes. Open space may also be publicly owned land for parks or resource preservation. (EPA) Overlay zoning district An area where certain additional requirements are superimposed upon a base zoning district or underlying district and where the requirements of the base or underlying district may or may not be altered. (Milwaukee, Wisc., APA) A special district or zone which addresses special land use circumstances or environmental safeguards and is superimposed over the underlying existing zoning districts. Permitted uses in the underlying zoning district shall continue subject to compliance with the regulations of the overlay zone or district. (Merrimack, N.H., APA) A zoning district to be mapped as an overlay to a use district and which modifies or supplements the regulations of the general district in recognition of distinguishing circumstances such as historic preservation, wellhead protection, floodplain or unit development while maintaining the character and purposes of the general use district area over which it is superimposed. (Lancaster, Ohio, APA) Provides for the possibility of superimposing certain additional requirements upon a basic use zoning district without disturbing the requirements of the basic use district. In the instance of conflicting requirements, the stricter of the conflicting requirement shall apply. (Racine County, Wisc., APA) A district established by ordinance to prescribe special regulations to be applied to a site in combination with the underlying or base district. (Blacksburg, Va., APA) Zoning districts that extend on top of more than one base zoning district and are intended to protect certain critical �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | � features and resources. Where the standards of the overlay and base zoning district are different, the more restrictive standards shall apply. (Hilton Head, S.C., APA) Screening (also berm; buffer; fence; visual obstruction) (1) A method of visually shielding or obscuring one abutting or nearby structure or use from another by fencing, walls, berms, or densely planted vegetation; and (2) the removal of relatively coarse floating or suspended solids by straining through racks or screens. (Siskiyou County, Calif., APA) A method of visually shielding or obscuring an abutting or nearby use or structure from another by fencing, walls, berms, or densely planted vegetation. (Clarkdale, Ariz., APA) The treatment created with landscaping or a decorative two-dimensional structure to visually conceal an area or on-site utilitarian use that is considered unattractive. (Burien, Wash., APA) Sedimentation Control Ordinance An ordinance or portion thereof designed to manage the effects solid particulate matter, including both mineral and organic matter, that is in suspension in water, is being transported, or has been removed from its site of origin by the actions of wind, water, or gravity and has been deposited elsewhere. (MI NREPA part 91) Sense of Place (also community character; community of place) The constructed and natural landmarks and social and economic surroundings that cause someone to identify with a particular place or community. (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, APA) The characteristics of a location that make it readily recognizable as being unique and different from its surroundings and that provides a feeling of belonging to or being identified with that particular place. (Scottsdale, Ariz., APA) Environmentally Sensitive Areas Environmentally sensitive areas include important natural resources such as sensitive topographic features (i.e. steep slopes (>15%)), geologic/geomorphic formations, sinkholes and karst terrain; scenic vistas/overlooks/lookouts; and public and private forest and woodlands. These areas also include wildlife management areas/natural areas designated for the protection of wild animals, within which hunting and fishing are either prohibited or strictly controlled. Identification of environmentally sensitive areas in your community can assist the community protect these important resources. (EPA) Setback (also lot definitions) The minimum distance by which any building or structure must be separated from a street right-of-way or lot line. (Blacksburg, Va., APA) The required distance between every structure and the lot lines of the lot on which it is located. (Doylestown, Ohio, APA) The distance between a street line and the front building line of a principal building or structure, projected to the side lines of the lot and including driveways and parking areas, except where otherwise restricted by this ordinance. (Duluth, Ga., APA) Erosion The removal of soil through the actions of water or wind. (APA) The detachment and movement of soil or rock fragments, or the wearing away of the land surface by water, wind, ice, and gravity. (Champaign, Ill., APA) �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x i The general process by which soils are removed by flowing surface or subsurface water or by wind. (St. Paul, Minn., APA) The process by which soil particles are mobilized and transported by natural agents such as wind, rainsplash, frost action, or surface water flow. (Burien, Wash., APA) Detachment and movement of soil, rock fragments, refuse, or any other material, organic or inorganic. (Sandy, Ore., APA) The detachment and movement of soil, sediment, or rock fragments by water, wind, ice, or gravity. (Cudahy, Wisc., APA) The wearing away of the ground surface as a result of the movement of wind, water, ice, and/or land disturbance activities. (Minneapolis, Minn., APA) The wearing away of land by the action of wind, water, gravity or a combination thereof. (Grand Traverse County, Mich., APA) Stormwater Management (also drainage) Any stormwater management technique, apparatus, or facility that controls or manages the path, storage, or rate of release of stormwater runoff. Such facilities may include storm sewers, retention or detention basins, drainage channels, drainage swales, inlet or outlet structures, or other similar facilities. (Champaign, Ill., APA) The collecting, conveyance, channeling, holding, retaining, detaining, infiltrating, diverting, treating, or filtering of surface water, ground water, and/or runoff, together with applicable managerial (nonstructural) measures. (Redmond, Wash., APA) The system, or combination of systems, designed to treat stormwater, or collect, convey, channel, hold, inhibit, or divert the movement of stormwater on, through, and from a site. (Temple Terrace, Fla., APA) Vegetative Buffer (also riparian) An area extending landward from the ordinary high-water mark of a lake or stream and/or from the edge of wetland that provides adequate soil conditions and native vegetation for the performance of the basic functional properties of a stream corridor and other hydrologically related critical areas. . . .(Yakima County, Wash., APA) Viewshed The area within view from a defined observation point. (California Planning Roundtable, APA) A visually sensitive area that is visible from a defined observation point. (Loveland, Colo., APA) Zoning District (also base zoning district; land-use classification) A section of the city in which zoning regulations and standards are uniform. (Wood River, Ill., APA) Any district delineated on the official zoning district map under the terms and provisions of this code or which may hereinafter be created subsequent to the enactment of this code for which regulations governing the area, height, use of buildings, or use of land, and other regulations relating to development or maintenance of existing uses or structures, are uniform. (Hedwig Village, Tex., APA) An area or areas within the limits of the city for which the regulations and requirements governing use, lot, and size of building and premises are uniform. (Hopkins, Minn., APA) Any section, sections, or divisions of the city of which the regulations governing the use of land, density, bulk, height, �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x i i and coverage of buildings and other structures are uniform. (Cabot, Ark., APA) A land use area or zone established by this title for the designated intent. (Sandy, Ore., APA) A designated area of the territory of the city within which certain uniform zoning regulations and requirements, or various combinations thereof, apply as set forth in this title. (Santa Rosa, Calif., APA) A part, zone, or geographic area within the city or under its extraterritorial jurisdiction within which certain zoning or development regulations apply. (North Liberty, Iowa, APA) A portion of the city within which certain uses of land and buildings are permitted, and certain other uses of land and buildings are prohibited, or within which certain yards and other open spaces are required, or within which certain lot areas are established, or within which certain height limits are required for buildings, or within which a combination of such aforesaid regulations are applied, all as set forth and specified in this title, or any of the districts with which any combining regulations are combined. (Richland, Wash., APA) Zoning Map (also official map) A map that graphically shows all zoning district boundaries and classifications within the city, as contained within the zoning code, which is signed by the community development director and on file in the planning department. (Escondido, Calif., APA) The map adopted as an ordinance by the municipality that delineates the extent of each district or zone established in the zoning ordinance. (Grand Forks, N.Dak., APA) The map or maps that are a part of this zoning code and that delineate the boundaries of all mapped zoning districts within the physical boundary of the city. (Newport, R.I., APA) The map and any amendments thereto designating the zoning districts, incorporated into this ordinance by reference. (Wood River, Ill., APA) The map delineating the boundaries of zones which, along with the zoning text, comprises the zoning ordinance. (North Liberty, Iowa, APA ) �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x i i i [ T H I S PA G E I N T E N T I O N A L L Y L E F T B L A N K ] �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | x i v [ T H I S PA G E I N T E N T I O N A L L Y L E F T B L A N K ] �l a k e s t o l a n d r e g i o n a l i n i t i a t i v e Introduction �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode Figures, Maps, Tables 1.1 The Lakes to Land Regional Initiative Leadership Team 1.2 Arcadia Furniture Factory 1.3 Bear Lake School 1.4 Frankfort harbor entrance 1.5 Downtown Frankfort, 1940 1.6 Platte River Trout Pond rearing grounds before the state hatchery 1.7 A car ferry returns to Elberta, 1930s 1.8 Manistee Historic Salt and Logging Operations 1.9 Lake view from the top of Prospect Ave., Onekama I-2 I-5 I-6 I-7 I-7 I-7 I-8 I-8 I-9 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 1 Why a collaborative master plan? Residents of 16 communities along the State of Michigan’s northwestern coast have decided to join forces in order to commandeer their future and set a course to navigate their growth and development together. The purpose Michigan has never seen collaboration like this before. A project that began as five townships striving for better coordination has expanded into the largest planning effort of its kind in the state. Ten townships, four villages, and two cities have come together to define themselves as belonging to one cohesive region with the potential to become more than the sum of its parts. The unique formation represented in this report is designed to plan for the region while maintaining communities’ individual identities. By undertaking the collaborative master planning process, residents have discovered ways to work together as a united front, sharing assets and collaborating on ideas to achieve economic well-being and excellent quality of life. We can identify the role that our communities’ unique assets play within both the region and the state, then use that understanding to shape the future we will all share. The strategies • • • • • Develop individual master plans for each community that doesn’t have one; Identify regional collaborative opportunities; Identify cross-community collaborative opportunities; Develop community-specific and regional implementation strategies; Develop the organizational capacity necessary to implement the plan. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 2 What is a master plan? What is a collaborative master plan? “Master plan” is a serious-sounding name, and indeed it’s a serious document. Intended to provide a clearly articulated vision of the community 15 to 20 years into the future, it either succinctly describes persistent concerns or defines the development of the “ideal” community. It also contains a guide to achieve that development based on careful study of many factors, and it can be legally referenced in land use decisions. For the purposes of this planning process, a collaborative master plan is a document that contains an articulated vision, with defined goals and strategies, for the future development of a geographic area based upon input from members of more than one community. Basically, it’s the same plan we just talked about—now with all our neighbors on board. But before it’s all those things, a master plan is a dream. The process of master planning begins with dreaming about how a community could be a better place to live. Citizens gather and share perspectives on their community’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. We talk about what the physical spaces in a community mean to us, how we would like to use them, and what we could do to make them better. We consider the challenges facing us and the organizations we could enlist to help overcome those challenges. These are issues which must be considered for the success of any community, and the residents of the communities participating in this collaboration have decided to take it into our own hands. We know that unless we take control of our destiny, individually and as a region, our dreams may be left to debate. Planning at the local level is usually by definition limited to one community, but collaborative master plans have the luxury of erasing municipal boundaries to view the region as a whole. They are also synonymous with increasingly syllabic names like “regional strategic growth planning” or “regional asset-based land use development planning.” This collaborative master plan contains a “statutorily compliant” (see next page for legalese) master plan for our unique community, along with a regional component that seeks to understand collaborative opportunities, goals, and strategies. 1.1 The Lakes to Land Regional Initiative Leadership Team But...why? The benefits of having an updated master plan are that it will: • • • • • provide a point of reference for all land use decisions. prevent arbitrary or capricious decision-making. ensure wise use of resources. assist in preserving community assets. provide a sound basis for funding opportunities. The benefits of collaborative master planning include: • • • • • • • • facilitating partnership within a geographical region. providing consistency between communities. helping communities identify and shares resources. protecting land use types and natural resource assets that cross municipal boundaries. providing a well-documented and justified basis for funding requests. understanding possible opportunities to achieve economies of scale. capitalizing on existing assets. understanding how sustainability plays a role in maintaining a high quality of life for current and future generations. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 3 History of the regional initiative: What came before... In the beginning, there were five. As 2011 drew to a close, informal discussions among leaders in several communities had coalesced into a decision to forge ahead with a bold new idea: five neighboring townships would join forces to produce a cohesive set of master plans and implementation strategies. Initial assistance came from The Alliance for Economic Success (AES), an economic development organization serving Manistee County and the surrounding area that provides neutral third-party convener and facilitation services to develop organizational capacities and relationships. AES secured funding from the Michigan Department of Treasury State Economic Incentive Program, revised in 2011 to place heavy emphasis on coordination among communities, and the C.S. Mott Foundation. The beginnings of the Leadership Team were formed next and charged with the competitive bidding, interviewing, and selection of a professional planning consultant to guide and facilitate the process. The five original communities quickly found company. Neighboring townships which did not have master plans seized the opportunity to create one, and communities which did have master plans asked to participate in the implementation phase. Within eight months, the collaboration had tripled in size to encompass 16 communities, signaling a hunger for cooperation. The end result is a defined region with potential collaborative partners and the possibility for greater success. ...and what we did next The process of developing the collaborative and individual master plans began with the formal development of a Leadership Team. Consisting of representatives from each participating community, this team constituted the linchpin of the Initiative: members provided guidance to the consultants, acted as liaisons with their respective communities, and worked with their elected officials. Their first two action items were the selection of a name for the project and the decision to reach out and invite neighboring communities to join. Next, the new Lakes to Land Initiative, or L2L as it is affectionately called, launched a media campaign. The lakestoland.org website was developed, Facebook and Twitter accounts were set up, a centralized phone number was dedicated, and email addresses of interested citizens were collected to begin a distribution list. Press releases kept local news outlets updated, and postcards were sent to every taxpayer within the participating communities inviting them to the visioning sessions. Leadership Team members hung posters advertising the visioning sessions and met with citizens face to face—often the most effective communication method available. The visioning sessions, described in detail in Tab 3, were held throughout the summer in an effort to attract as many seasonal and non-seasonal residents as possible. Each participating community held a session, and two “make-up” visioning sessions were held for members of all communities who were not able to Making it legal According the Michigan Planning Enabling Act of 2008, the general purpose of a master plan is to guide and accomplish, in the planning jurisdiction and its environs, development that satisfies all of the following criteria: • • • is coordinated, adjusted, harmonious, efficient, and economical. considers the character of the planning jurisdiction and its suitability for particular uses, judged in terms of such factors as trends in land and population development. will, in accordance with present and future needs, best promote public health, safety, morals, order, convenience, prosperity and general welfare. It also has to talk about at least one of the following things: • • • • • • • • a system of transportation to lessen congestion on streets; safety from fire and other dangers; light and air; healthful and convenient distribution of population; good civic design and arrangement and wise and efficient expenditure of public funds; public utilities such as sewage disposal and water supply and other public improvements; recreation; the use of resources in accordance with their character and adaptability. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 4 Participating attend their own sessions. Visioning sessions were well attended, with some communities achieving over 100 individuals. At the same time, presentations were given to individual planning commissions and regional conferences such as the Benzie County Water Festival, and Leadership Team members actively worked at inviting their neighboring communities to join the Initiative. As the Initiative grew, it caught the attention of Michigan Governor Rick Snyder. Having recently begun a Placemaking Initiative connecting community development with economic development, Governor Snyder asked to audit the Lakes to Land Regional Initiative in hopes of developing strategies that could be replicated elsewhere in the State. Shortly thereafter, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources selected Lakes to Land Regional Initiative as a pilot project to assist with its own internal efforts in placemaking throughout the State. Meetings were held with representatives from Michigan State Housing Development Authority, Michigan Economic Development Corporation, and Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, all charged with helping Governor Snyder further the State’s Placemaking Initiative. Other pertinent organizations which attended the Leadership Team meetings included the Grand Traverse Regional Land Conservancy, Benzie and Manistee County planning services, Michigan State University Extension Services, Hart Leadership Development, and the Northwest Michigan Council of Governments. Once all of the communities had master plan drafts, about 60 leadership team members, trustees, planning commissioners, and interested citizens attended a “Priority Sharing” meeting to discuss their communities’ pertinent issues. The 69 submitted priorities were arranged into ten themes which could then serve as a basis for the formation of work committees. This process illustrated clearly the potential benefits of collaboration. A series of sessions was conducted during the master plans’ public period that focused on capacity building and learning how to work with funders to maximize opportunities for implementation. Communities which are developing a master plan as part of the Lakes to Land Regional Initiative: Arcadia Township Bear Lake Township Village of Bear Lake Crystal Lake Township Gilmore Township Village of Honor Joyfield Township Manistee Township Pleasanton Township Communities which have recently developed a master plan and wish to collaborate with regional neighbors on implementation: Village of Elberta City of Frankfort Lake Township City of Manistee Onekama Community and Township) Our 2011(Village performance was significantly better than industry averages in most categories �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 5 communities The Lakes to Land communities are situated along the M-22 and US-31 corridors in Northwestern Michigan, stretching from the northern tip of Lake Township in Benzie County to the southern boundary of Manistee Township in Manistee County. It encompasses communities east of US-31 but adjacent to the highway, then continues west to the Lake Michigan shore. In it are villages, cities, and townships displaying a range of character from rural agriculture to urbanized centers. Communities are adjacent to each other, have similar socioeconomic statuses, and share geographic attributes such as natural resources. All communities in the geographic area were informed of the Initiative and invited to join. Haven’t I seen you before? Some of the communities have previously collaborated together. Onekama Township and the Village of Onekama recently developed a joint master plan to facilitate the creation of one greater Onekama municipality. Pleasanton Township, Bear Lake Township, and the Village of Bear Lake attempted to create a joint planning commission and master plan in 2007. The communities in the northern section of the region have had an opportunity to collaborate by developing a regional trail system that spans a number of municipalities. Historical settlements Lumber and railroads were defining influences on the communities in the Lakes to Land region—many towns grew up around sawmills or train stops, nourished by the economic lifeblood such enterprises provided. As the fortunes of those industries went, so too did the fate of a few of the settlements. basswood, hemlock, and beech trees in the township, and the towns were gone by 1910. In Manistee County, the town of Pleasanton, also called Saile Station, had 350 people in 1870. Eight miles east of Pierport and 25 miles north of Manistee, it was home to bucket manufacturers D. and R. Lumley along with a furniture maker, a basket manufacturer, and a blacksmith. Timber, potatoes, butter, and sugar were shipped out. The little hamlet was complete with two churches, a general store, and a school superintendent. Stage travel went to Manistee, Benzonia, and Traverse City, and in 1917 modernity arrived: it had telephone service and was listed as a stop on the Arcadia & Betsie River Railway. Further up on the A&BRR was a little town called Butwell, at the corner of Butwell and Taylor Roads, and all we know about a settlement named Burnham is that it was just due north of Arcadia on the county line. Arcadia Township The Arcadia & Betsie River Railroad, terminating in Arcadia, had extended over 17 miles to connect with the Chicago and West Michigan Railway by 1895. The line maintained an influx of goods to the area and allowed crop transportation from the fertile fields of the township to the markets of Chicago. There was also a good market for ice, which was cut from Bear Lake and hauled by wagon to A&BRR’s Sorenson Station just east of Pleasanton Township from about 1890 until 1937. The Arcadia Furniture Factory on the north end of Bar Lake manufactured both furniture and fine veneers to be sold in Macy’s in New York City. The Village of Arcadia, originally named Starkeville after lumberman Henry Descriptions of two such “ghost towns” in Benzie County date from the year 1877. Gilmore was “located in Blaine Township on the shore of Lake Michigan, 12 miles south of Benzonia. Settled in 1850. Wood and logs shipped. Triweekly stage to Frankfort and Pier Point. George B. Farley, Postmaster and general store.” A post office in Joyfield Township, 10 miles south of Benzonia, was described as “located on a fruit belt, mail by stage 4 times weekly. Amazia Joy, Postmaster and Pastor of the Baptist Church.” In 1883 Lake Township, the town of Edgewater was established on the northwest shore of Platte Lake and Aral settled in near Otter Creek. A narrow gauge railroad was built to carry lumber from the Platte Lumber Company to Lake Michigan, with docks at the shore. The Otter Creek Lumber Company, founded in 1891, reportedly shipped extensive material for the rebuilding of Chicago after the great fire of 1871. Lumbering took most of the maple, ash, oak, elm, 1.2 Arcadia Furniture Factory Constructed in 1906 after the Starke Sawmill burned down. Photo: Arcadia Historical Museum. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 6 Starke, changed its moniker to match the township in 1870. Anne M. Dempster opened the post office in 1870. Just north of town was a notable “fancy house,” which soared in popularity when proprietors struck upon the novel idea of sending a wagon to Arcadia’s pier to greet incoming sailors. Bear Lake Township and the Village of Bear Lake The earliest inhabitants of the area now encompassed by Bear Lake Township were the Odawa, marking their legacy by leaving behind an impressive number of artifacts. It is thought a burial ground exists near Pierport’s artesian well, and a great battle may have taken place near “Brown town,” where farmers reported clearing their fields and discovering large numbers of arrowheads and even tomahawks. A silver crucifix found in the area and dated 1664 indicates early contact with Jesuit missionaries, perhaps even explorer Father Jacques Marquette. The first non-Native settlers included Russell Smith, who built his homestead in 1863 on the south side of Bear Lake with the idea of a future village and offered up 12 acres to anyone who would come in and start one. John S. Carpenter and Eliphlate Harrington Legend has it that Crystal Lake was formed by Paul Bunyan, a mighty lumberjack whose mighty big boot carved a footprint along the shore of Lake Michigan. took him up, building a small store, a boarding house, a steam saw, and grist mill before selling out a few years later to George W. and David H. Hopkins. The Village of Bear Lake was incorporated in 1893. On June 1, 1876, the Bear Lake Tram Railway began using horse-drawn freight cars to connect the growing village with the docks at Pierport, throwing the gateway to the rich markets of Milwaukee and Chicago open to full throttle. The last of the lumber soon slipped out, followed at close quarters by some early settlers including George Hopkins. By the 1930s, the freshly-cleared land had been put to use producing admirable quantities of blueberries, apples, and cherries. Many local families found seasonal employment on the farms, and the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians has noted the Odawa summer camp located along the shores of Bear Lake during the 1930s through 1950s. Blaine Township Blaine Township was founded in 1851 as the location of the Loyed & Thomas sawmill near Herring Lake. But its raison d’etre didn’t last long: an unusually high water level in 1862 destroyed the dam across the creek, lowering Upper Herring Lake’s water level by three feet and rendering the mill unsalvageable. Despite this setback, the township continued to grow, and its official organization in 1.3 Bear Lake School 1867 included the area that is now Gilmore Township. A large commercial fishery founded by John Babinaw ½ mile south of lower Herring Lake shipped thousands of tons of whitefish, herring, and trout to Chicago and Milwaukee. Crystal Lake Township Legend has it that Crystal Lake was formed by Paul Bunyon, a mighty lumberjack whose mighty big boot carved a footprint along the shore of Lake Michigan. The township that bears its name is not only the oldest in Benzie County, but predates the county itself by four years. Organized in 1859, Crystal Lake Township’s vast area included nearly the entire county. The township’s population expanded steadily, especially after the Homestead Act of 1862. One settler who stayed to raise a family was Hiram M. Spicer, a former school teacher who contracted typhus while serving in the Federal Army from 1863 to 1865 and may have moved to northern Michigan to avail himself of its renowned healthful air. Spicer became an accomplished horticulturist, and his 21-acre farm produced abundant quantities of peaches, apples, grapes, and cherries. He also served as Township Supervisor from 1874 until at least 1884. He helped construct a harbor, provided most of the harbor’s pilings, and was twice nominated for the state legislature. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 7 City of Frankfort A Michigan Historical Marker on the north side of the channel connecting Betsie Lake with Lake Michigan proclaims a piece of Frankfort’s earliest history: it may have been the site where the famed Father Marquette died in 1675. In 1852, Joseph Oliver bought 14 acres between Lake Aux Becs Scies—French for “of sawbill ducks”—and Lake Michigan to become the first settler of what would become Frankfort. Three years later, a schooner owned by investor George W. Tifft from Cleveland blew into the little-known harbor seeking refuge from a storm; Tifft promptly bought a thousand acres surrounding the lake and sold it to a development company from Detroit. The first township meeting of the original, massive Crystal Lake Township was held in Frankfort in 1859, and the town became Benzie’s county seat ten years later. By 1867, the United States government had taken notice of the Aux Becs Scies harbor and commenced improvements. Former Congressman and Montana territorial governor Jim Ashley capped off the northwestern journey of his Ann Arbor Railroad with the 1892 purchase of a small local line that connected it to Lake Michigan at Frankfort, and then the company built the lavish 250-room Royal Frontenac Hotel to attract tourists by both rail and water. 1.4 Frankfort harbor entrance 1.5 Downtown Frankfort, 1940 Village of Honor About the first of April, 1885, Guelph Patent Cask Company foreman E.T. Henry arrived on the grounds with a crew of men and a small portable sawmill and began to clear a place for a set of camps, naming the settlement “Honor” in compliment to the baby 1.6 Platte River Trout Pond rearing grounds before the state hatchery �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 8 daughter of Guelph general manager J.A. Gifford. Hardly a quarter-century later, the 600-resident village was made the county seat by popular vote and later became the site of a wellknown and heavily attended annual reunion of Civil War vets (probably due in part to the name of the town—what veteran’s group wouldn’t want to meet in Honor?). The Seymour and Peck Company, successor to the Guelph Patent Cask Company, shipped veneer to Chicago while the Desmond Chemical Company Plant at Carter Siding converting cordwood into charcoal, alcohol, acetate and other wood derivatives. In 1953, Honor saw the opening of the Cherry Bowl DriveIn Theater, now lovingly restored and one of the oldest continually operating drive-in theaters in America, and Coho salmon were introduced to the area in 1966 through the Platte River Fish Hatchery. 1.7 A car ferry returns to Elberta, 1930s local sawmill, built in 1872, and James Gillmore, Benzie County’s first newspaper publisher and the gentleman for whom the township was named. The home of a sawmill, a broom handle factory, and Frankfort Furnace, it shipped out wood, lumber, handles, bark, and pig iron. In 1887, the United States Coast Guard installed a Life-Saving Station on Elberta’s Lake Michigan shore that operated for nearly 50 years until a larger new facility was built about a half mile away. Gilmore Township and the Village of Elberta At just 7.25 square miles, Gilmore Township is the smallest in Michigan. The area was first settled in 1855 by Joseph Robar and John B. Dory, and the first improvements to Gilmore Township’s harbor on beautiful Betsie Bay occurred in 1859. The harbor was deepened and piers were constructed; these proved vital to the fledgling settlement’s future growth, which would depend heavily upon the shipping industry. In 1892, the Ann Arbor Railroad launched the world’s first carferry service from Betsie Bay. Rail cars carrying lumber, coal, and grain now had a rapid shortcut to the shores of Wisconsin. Joyfield Township Reverend Amariah Joy, a Baptist minister from Putney, Vermont, filed Benzie County’s first homestead claim on July 11, 1863 and quickly discovered the realities of life in the wilderness: few people and even fewer roads. But he and his wife Frances settled their homestead of 160 acres and Joy went on to become the first Elberta, the only village in Gilmore Township, was first settled in 1855. Early luminaries include L.W. Crane, lumberman and founder of the 1.8 Manistee Historic Salt and Logging Operations . . ,-~ L - •.' .. L .. . Unless otherwise noted, historical photos are from the UpNorth Memories online collection by Don Harrison stores.ebay.com/UpNorth-Memories-Collection �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 9 postmaster and then supervisor of the township that bears his name. He was succeeded first by his son and a year later by Charles H. Palmer, a New York teacher who had traveled to Ecuador and California before enlisting in the Civil War. After the war, Palmer made his Michigan homestead claim in November 1866 and resumed teaching while he cleared his land for planting. Eventually his farm boasted a respectable 30 cultivated acres, including 1,500 fruit trees and a unique specialty in nut cultivation. Lake Township The Platte River Campground at M-22 on the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore has a looooong history: artifacts dating from the period between 600 BC and 1640 AD suggest a little settlement, smaller than a village, in which Natives used the area on a seasonal basis “actually very much like what campers are doing today.” By 1873, the corner of Michigan made up of forests, the lower Platte River, Otter Creek, Bass Lake, Otter Lake, Long Lake, Platte Lake, Little Platte Lake, Loon Lake (originally Round Lake), and part of Crystal Lake became known quite fittingly as Lake Township. The lighthouse at Point Betsie was lit in 1858, and Alonzo J. Slyfield served for 22 years as its keeper. As the lumber boom wound down at the turn of the century, resorts became the other economic staple for fishing, hunting, and summer guests. Chimney Corners opened in 1910, and Crystal Downs—known as one of the best golf courses in the US—was established in 1927. 1.9 Lake view from the top of Prospect Ave., Onekama City of Manistee The name “Manistee” is from an Ojibwa word first applied to the principal river of the county. The derivation is not certain, but it may be from ministigweyaa, “river with islands at its mouth.” Other sources claim that it was an Ojibwe term meaning “spirit of the woods.” In 1881, salt was discovered beneath Manistee and another industry was born. By 1885, there were forty sawmills operating and by the end of the century the population reached 14,260. Manistee claimed to have more millionaires per capita than any other city in the United States. They also had city-provided fire protection, a parks department, water, sewer and street lighting. In 1841, the John Stronach family constructed a sawmill on Manistee Lake and later another on the Manistee River. By 1849, more settlers were arriving and the reservation was dismantled, with land given to settlers. The city was set back in 1871 when a fire swept through and destroyed over one-half of the city’s buildings. Much was rebuilt, this time of brick. After 150 years Manistee County has both changed and remained the same. The early boom years of lumbering and exhaustive agriculture have evolved into a stable, diversified industrial base and a top fruit-producing agricultural center. It is the beauty and natural wonder that abounds in the region’s forests, lakes and rivers that remain a constant factor and will always make Manistee County a special place to live and visit. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | I - 1 0 Manistee Township the wooded acres along Portage Lake would be ideal. The area was known to settlers as early as 1840 by its Odawa name, onekamenk, or “portage.” Although its inhabitants called it by its English name for a time, there was another Portage, Michigan and the townspeople voted for a reversion to its historic name of Onekama in 1871. Though the lumber industry was crucial to early development, sawmills and citizens didn’t always mix. Residents fed up with the unnaturally high water areas were now open to settlement, and the town largely relocated. Although Manistee County was “set off” as early as 1840, giving it a name and Pleasanton Township a geographic region, it wasn’t officially “organized” until the state legislature Perhaps it was the verdant fields and divided it into three townships in 1855: forests that attracted George B. Pierce, Stronach, Brown, and Manistee. The a retired minister seeking a healthy tax rolls of that year showed over half atmosphere on a new frontier, to what the county’s valuation in Manistee was then Brown Township in 1863. Township, situated along the Lake When Pleasanton was established Michigan shoreline and host to the separately the following year, he Manistee River’s westward journey into became its first postmaster. By 1870, Manistee Lake. Pleasanton Two sawmills Township was with surrounding home to 65 dwellings lined families, the first By one account, a reveler at a the lake and shop and school eventually were established, celebration of the new post office took grew into the and the first communities of sawmill would the occasion to hitch his ox to a log Eastlake and arrive in 1871. Parkdale. The As settlement in the dam and pull it out, lowering adjacent farms surrounding Bear were among the Lake grew just the level of Portage Lake within a few most successful a mile south of in the county, the township’s hours and washing much of old Portage in part because border, residents of the ready took advantage of out to Lake Michigan. market in the new markets for nearby city. local timber and The Manistee forest products. National Forest Life became brushes the increasingly southeast corner of the township, levels in Portage Lake, raised to power civilized for Pleasanton’s inhabitants. blanketing the land south of the Manistee the sawmill, took matters into their own By 1880, the community would boast River and about two miles inland of hands. By one account, a reveler at a two schools, a public library, a fenced Eastlake with trees regrown in the wake celebration of the new post office took cemetery, and two churches. A local of the logging industry. the occasion to hitch his ox to a log resident was quoted in August 1877 in the dam and pull it out, lowering as saying, “[W]hoever chronicles the the level of Portage Lake within a history of Pleasanton ten years hence Onekama Township few hours and washing much of old will no doubt inform the world that it is When Adam Stronach sought a place Portage out to Lake Michigan. Portage one of the most flourishing towns in the to build a sawmill in 1845, he knew Creek dried out, previously submerged State of Michigan.” �l a k e s t o l a n d r e g i o n a l i n i t i a t i v e Context �Figures, Maps, Tables 2.1 Area of influence map C-2 2.2 The regional view from Google Earth C-3 2.3 Table of community types C-4 2.4 Regional location map C-5 2.5 Transect map C-6 2.6 Lakes to Land transect typology C-8 2.7 Land cover map C-12 2.8 Agricultural land cover C-13 2.9 Topography and bathymetry of Frankfort C-14 2.10 Topography and bathymetry map C-15 2.11 Slopes map C-16 2.12 View from Inspiration Point, Blaine C-17 2.13 Traveling water C-18 2.14 Watersheds map C-19 2.15 Wetlands map C-20 2.16 Arcadia Marsh restoration project C-21 2.17 Table of wetlands acreage C-21 2.18 Lookout at Sleeping Bear Dunes C-22 2.19 Protected lands map C-23 2.20 Critical dunes map C-24 2.21 Sleeping Bear Dunes C-25 2.22 Road classifications map C-28 2.23 Auto trail signs C-29 2.24 Historical snow plowing in Manistee C-30 2.25 Vehicle traffic volume map C-31 2.26 Marine ports map C-32 2.27 Freighter departure C-33 2.28 The John D. Dewar Approaches an Arcadia Dock C-34 2.29 Operable railroad tracks map C-35 2.30 Aviation map C-36 Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am 2.31 Frankfort Cinema TG 1-A C-37 Parks and recreation map doubtful material has denoting suitable C-41she two. friendship no2.32 inhabiting. Goodness 2.33 Campgrounds map mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode C-42 2.34 Orchard Beach State Park in Manistee Township C-43 2.35 Table of boating economic impacts C-44 2.36 Bear Lake boat launch circa 1920s C-44 2.37 Boat launch ramps map C-45 2.38 Lands open to public hunting map C-46 2.39 Jake turkeys in Onekama C-47 2.40 Table of hunting licenses sold by year C-47 2.41 Benthic macroinvertebrates C-48 2.42 Steelhead trout C-48 2.43 Trout locations map C-49 2.44 Recreational trails map C-50 2.45 Table of trail miles C-51 2.46 Historic sites map C-54 2.47 Historic site photos C-55 2.48 Lighthouse photos C-56 2.49 Lighthouses map C-57 2.50 Table of population, households, and housing units C-61 2.51 Table of median ages and ages 65+ C-62 2.52 Age graphs C-63 2.53 Median income comparison C-64 2.54 Educational attainment comparison C-64 2.55 Educational attainment, income, and unemployment C-65 2.56 Benzie County dashboard C-68 2.57 Manistee County dashboard C-70 2.58 State of Michigan dashboard C-72 2.59 United States dashboard C-74 2.60 County Plan summary table C-80 by Dear �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 Regional Setting Located a little over one hour southwest of Traverse City and two hours north of Muskegon, the Lakes to Land region sits nestled along the shores of Lake Michigan. Accessible from the north or south by M-22 and US-31, and from the east or west by M-55 and M-115, smaller county roads traversing its interior pass through fruit farms, small towns, and scenic vistas. Although the regional setting of this collaborative master plan is diverse, the communities within it share similar topography, land uses, and economic bases along with a fierce sense of place. Many know the area as unique, peaceful, and possessing a tranquility unparalleled in Michigan. Bluffs beckon from the shores of Lake Michigan with an invitation to stop and watch the amber sunsets over turquoise water. Inland lakes dot the area, some providing safe harbor from Lake Michigan for small craft use. An urban feel can be found in the more heavily populated villages and cities which make up the northern and southern portions of the region. Fine restaurants, nightlife, culture, and entertainment are plentiful. Seasonal and permanent residents alike find hospitality and fellowship. The region’s diverse economic base is comprised of small mom and pop stores, larger retail outlets, and light manufacturing. Between the urban areas to the north and south lies the agricultural stretch of the regional economy. Fruit farms growing apples, cherries, raspberries, blueberries, and plums are plentiful; other products include maple sugar, honey, corn, and general produce. Agricultural enterprises come in all types and sizes, from non-operative acreage to organic farms to large-scale production. A growing number of farms participate in Farm To Table endeavors such as Farmer’s Markets, roadside stands, U-Pick and Community Supported Agriculture arrangements. Healthcare institutions are found in both the northern and southern portion of the geographical range, and smaller urgent care facilities dispersed throughout the core of the region. Tourism and eco-tourism are important parts of the economy as the region’s assets invite visitors to play and relax. Technology has allowed an increasing number of individuals to select the region as home and then define or continue their method of employment, making home occupations important to many. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann I Ho mestead livp. Beulah Elberta L e k a M ic g hi I Benzonia ·-·--------~- an BENZIE CO. Frankfort 1 GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Crystal Lake WEXFORD CO. -i--- ----- -7- Platt Lake I - : 'I' Colfax 1\vp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Springdale 'l\vp. Cleon 'l\,•p. Bear Lake - - - - - - - - - -1. Bear Lake Maple Gi-ove 1\vp. Onekama M~1ill~ 'fwp, Llcar Lake 'J\vp. Kaleva Portage Lake Brown Twp. l I Dkkso n 1\vp. I I ' I I Manistee --- --- --- --- --f-- -- ------ ------ -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - Eastlake Norman 'l\vp, Suunach Twp. MANISTEE CO. • MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND MANISTEE CO. LAKE CO. 0 Area of Influence J 2 4 8 Miles 2.1 Area of influence map • Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library ---. Area of Influence "---- Participating Communities ,I I CJ CJ Master Plan Complete CJ City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road B R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 Area of influence At the inception of the collaboration, the initial communities agreed to focus on a general geographic area which possessed similar qualities and faced comparable issues regarding land use and policy. As discussed in Tab 1, formation of the Lakes to Land collaboration did not happen all at once­. Seeds of this capacity to work together were planted during the writing of the Onekama-based Portage Lake Forever Watershed Plan: the township and the village came together so well that they wrote an award-winning master plan covering the entire “Onekama Community.” On a roll, they then formed a Community Development Committee and began to investigate the possibility of Scenic Heritage Route designation for route M-22. This brought them outside the township’s borders and to the immediate discovery that the “M-22 communities” of Arcadia, Blaine, Gilmore, Crystal Lake, and Bear Lake were not only ready to collaborate but had plans of their own in mind. 2.2 The regional view from Google Earth Platte Lake and Crystal Lake to the north, US-31 running down the east, Portage Lake to the south, and Lake Michigan in the west. Taking a “the more, the merrier” approach, the original communities knew that they would be inviting their neighbors to join them. How, then, to strike a balance between inclusivity and manageability? Taking a cue from collaborative successes already achieved, they decided to focus on the features that had already paved the way for working together: water and transportation. This meant concentrating on the Lake Michigan shoreline communities and those adjacent to them, through which US-31 runs. Taken together, the leadership team referred to these as the collaboration’s “Area of Influence.” As we have seen, that strategy was a success. All but four of the townships signed on, and one village (Honor) decided to come on board even without its surrounding township. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 Regional location Most of the communities within Benzie and Manistee Counties situated along the Lake Michigan shoreline are participating in the Initiative, along with several inland communities. The initiative includes ten townships, four villages, and two cities. One of those villages – Honor – joined without the participation of surrounding Homestead Township. Manistee Township is participating without one of the two incorporated municipalities within it, the village of Eastlake. With those exceptions, every township is participating along with the incorporated municipalities within them. Crystal Lake Township is participating along with the city of Frankfort, Gilmore Township along with the village of Elberta, Bear Lake Township along with the village of Bear Lake, and the “Onekama community” of Onekama Township and the village of Onekama. The other participants are townships with no incorporated cities or villages within them: Lake, Blaine, and Joyfield Townships in Benzie County, and Arcadia and Pleasanton Townships in Manistee County. The narrative of this report consistently refers to these sixteen communities: 2.3 Table of community types Benzie County Blaine Crystal Lake Township Gilmore Joyfield Lake Manistee County Arcadia Bear Lake Manistee Onekama City Pleasanton Benzie County City of Frankfort Manistee County City of Manistee Village Benzie County Elberta (Gilmore Twp) Honor (Homestead Twp) Manistee County Bear Lake (Bear Lake Twp) Onekama (Onekama Twp) �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 5 LEELANAU CO. BENZIE CO. Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Crystal Lake Twp. Elberta L e k a M h ic i Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Manistee Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Manistee Eastlake Filer Twp. Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND Regional Location LAKE CO. -- 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.4 Regional location map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library CJ Participating Communities CJ City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road S R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. '; Honor Frankfort Elberta La ke M i i h c Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Benzonia Twp. - GRAND TRAVERSE CO. I MANISTEE CO. Platt Lake WEXFORD CO. I -- -- -- -- -- - - Crystal Lake Village of Honor Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Weldon Twp. Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Colfax Twp. 0 2,100 4,200 Feet Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. r'""'- r Bear Lake Bear Lake ,I __ \:_-- I - '-- - - - -- I - ~-- - Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake '. Manistee Filer Twp. Manistee Twp. Eastlake _!~ ~ Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. ~J • ... - - - - - t ~ - - - -1 ~ ------------Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. • MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND Regional Transect MANISTEE CO. LAKE CO. 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.5 Transect map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDNR, Benzie and Manistee County Equilization County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road CJ T1 - Natural CJ T3 - Cottage and Country CJ T2 - Rural / Farm CJ T4 - Settlement a Updated: 07-31-13 R Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 7 Regional Transect Shortly after the preparation of the Lakes to Land master plans began, the State of Michigan added placemaking as a component of the State’s economic development strategy. Placemaking capitalizes on a local community’s assets, inspiration, and potential, with the intention of creating public spaces that promote people’s health, happiness, and well being. The focus of the State’s placemaking strategy is to create vibrant and economically viable places that will retain and attract talent and jobs. National trends note that younger professionals who are our up-and-coming entrepreneurs and business owners migrate to places which provide economic, social, cultural and recreational amenities. In order to consolidate limited resources, the State will likely leverage discretionary funds into communities which have the density to support a creative workforce and serve as generators for growth and investment. To assess where these investments are likely to occur, a “transect” characterizes an area based on its natural and development elements. According to Wikipedia, “the urbanto-rural transect is an urban planning model that defines a series of zones from sparse rural farmhouses to the dense urban core. Each zone is fractal in that it contains a similar transition from the edge to the center of the neighborhood. The importance of transect planning is particularly seen as a contrast to modern Euclidean zoning and suburban development. In these patterns, large areas are dedicated to a single purpose, such as housing, offices, shopping, and they can only be accessed via major roads. The transect, by contrast, decreases the necessity for long-distance travel by any means.” The rural-urban transect includes six (6) zones from natural (T1) to urban core (T6). In the Lakes to Land region, only four (4) of the zones exist, ranging from Natural (T1) to Settlement (T4). The table on the next page describes in more detail the general characteristics found in each of the four character zones. Similarly, the map illustrates the locale of each zone based on a grouping of the future land use categories found in the nine community master plans. The result paints a picture of the Lakes to Land region as primarily Rural / Farm (T2) and Cottage and Country (T3). Only in several areas where densities range from 4 to 6 dwellings per acre are there Settlements (T4), such as the unincorporated village of Arcadia, the villages of Bear Lake, Elberta, and Onekama, and the City of Frankfort. These locales have the underpinnings to accommodate the level of economic and social activity that is envisioned in the State’s placemaking initiative. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 8 2.6 Lakes to Land transect typology Type T1 Natural General Description Area characterized by its unique natural resource and ecological assets and therefore considered for future special land stewardship. Element Land Local Land Use Classifications Recreation / Open Space Forest Living Commerce T2 Rural / Farm Farming is the dominant land use activity with some large lot residential homes Land Agriculture Agriculture / Rural Residential - Rural Forest Living Commerce T3 Cottage and Country T4 Settlement This area consists of low density collections of year-round homes or seasonal cottages some of them clusters around inland lakes or along the Lake Michigan shoreline. Home occupations and outbuildings are permitted. Planting is naturalistic and setbacks are relatively deep. Blocks may be large and the roads irregular to accommodate natural conditions and topography. Land Traditional residential neighborhoods characterized by a grid street pattern, smaller lots with higher densities than found in other locations. Land Residential - Resort Living Commerce Living Commerce Residential - Settlement Commercial Corridor Commercial Node Village Center �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 9 Element Description Properties under the ownership or management of Federal and State Agencies and Land Conservancies with a variety of natural and sensitive landscapes. None None Agricultural includes parcels used partially or wholly for agricultural operations, with or without buildings, and include the following: (i) Farming in all its branches, including cultivating soil. (ii) Growing and harvesting any agricultural, horticultural, or floricultural commodity. (iii) Dairying. (iv) Raising livestock, bees, fish, fur-bearing animals, or poultry. (v) Turf and tree farming. Performing any practices on a farm incident to, or in conjunction with, farming operations. Farm and non-farm related residences are also found in this category and occupy sites on less than acre to large acreage parcels between 5 and 10 acres in size. Sporadic stores or shops which serve local residents. These are located along County roads and are not concentrated in one location to be considered a commercial node or district. A variety of northern Michigan landscapes including rolling hills, lakeshores, meadows, forests and sensitive areas such as critical dunes and wetlands. Residential land use found along Lake Michigan, inland lakes such as Bear Lake, Lower and Upper Herring Lakes, Arcadia Lake and Platte River, and other streams characterized by small lots. This category will contain a combination of seasonal and year-round homes. Stores and shops dotted along County Roads, US-31 and M-22. These establishments include canoe/kayak rentals, bait shops, small grocery outlets, gas stations, art galleys and boat sales and service outlets. Primarily developed and settled as historic villages and centers of commerce. This land use category describes the neighborhoods of Arcadia, Elberta, Frankfort, Onekama, and Bear Lake. These neighborhoods are made up of single family homes located on lots with an average density of 4 - 6 units per acre. Homes are arranged close to the street with rear garages accessed by an alley when available. Arranged in a grid configuration, the streets are wide enough for on street parking but close enough to maintain an intimate neighborhood character. Trees and sidewalks line the streets, alleys provide rear entry to garages located in the backyard, and front porches beckon neighbors to sit and talk. A church may be found in the middle of the neighborhood along with neighborhood parks. Within walking distance to the Business district, civic, and recreational amenities, the Settlement area is the premier place to live for individuals looking for a more urban environment within view of Lake Michigan, inland lakes, and other natural resource amenities. A variety of small stores and shops, banks, restaurants, and professional services. �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 1 Natural Assets As the name suggests, many of the Lakes to Land region’s very best assets come with the territory. A coastal region abutting the sixth largest freshwater lake in the world could consider itself well-positioned in any reckoning of benefits, but the water resources in the L2L area extend far beyond that. Every township except Gilmore and Joyfield also hosts an inland lake, from the enormous Crystal Lake on the north end to little Bar Lake in the south. The rivers that criss-cross the area include the Big Manistee, one of the most important rivers of Michigan’s lumber boom, the Betsie, and the Platte. This abundance has rightly earned the area the nickname “Water Wonderland,” driving a robust tourism and recreation industry. But it also requires attendant maintenance and careful diplomacy from each of the diverse types of users on these public waters, from industrial shippers to trout anglers to stone skippers. With water come wetlands. Once called “swampland,” these hydric areas provide benefits like flood control, water cleansing, and prevention of erosion. They are so important that they are managed at the state level, meaning that development affecting them is subject to a permit process. Historically, Michigan’s original forests built a respectable proportion of the midwest and then gave way to agriculture on the soils that would support it. The soils that wouldn’t frequently reverted to government control through delinquent taxes, leading directly to the assemblage of large parcels under federal and state control which then became conservation areas. These forests and preserves attract tourists and contribute to the rural scenery of the region, impacts which must be balanced against the untaxable and undevelopable nature of these vast swaths of land. The region’s most famous and unique natural asset are the sand dunes that line Lake Michigan’s eastern shoreline, especially the Sleeping Bear Dunes to the north. Remnants of the glacial age that shaped most of the midwest’s geology, these windswept mountains of sand play host to a diversity of biology, climate, and geology that is found nowhere else on Earth. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 2 LEELANAU CO. Pl t at Ba BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Platte Twp. Lake Ann Lake Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. BENZIE CO. La ke i Inland Twp. GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Crystal Lake Twp. Elberta M Homestead Twp. Beulah MANISTEE CO. Frankfort i h c Honor Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Manistee Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. Filer Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND 0 Land Cover 4 8 Miles • 2.7 Land cover map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, NWMCOG County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road 2 Land Cover Type: D Urban D Agriculture D Forest D Wetlands No Data B R i Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 3 Land cover “Land cover” refers to the physical material at the surface of the Earth: vegetation, water, pavement, ice, bare rock, wetlands, etc. The vast majority of land within both Benzie and Manistee Counties is designated as Forest, with significant pockets designated Agriculture. Consistent with the Wetlands map in Figure 2.5, the Land Cover map shows wetlands mostly around the region’s lakes, rivers, and tributaries. 2.8 Agricultural land cover Top: Vineyards north of Manistee. Bottom: Onekama fields in fall “Urban land cover” refers to the impermeable surfaces with which we line our developments, such as streets, sidewalks, buildings, and parking lots. Shown in pink on the map, the areas in and around incorporated cities and villages, as well as along major roads, are designated Urban. Additionally, nearly every lake in the region is accompanied by an area of urban development. The proximity of development to water bodies presents particular challenges to water quality. Precipitation runoff carries pollutants such as vehicle fluids and animal waste across impermeable surfaces and directly into the water, without any of the filtration that would be provided by a permeable surface such as soil. Improperly constructed or failing septic fields can leach human waste into the water. Chemical fertilizer, even when properly applied and at the residential scale, can have serious consequences for water quality due to its concentration of phosphorous. This essential element for plant life can reduce the dissolved oxygen in a water body and thus its ability to support animal habitats. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 4 Topography The configuration of a surface, including its relief and the relative positions of its natural and constructed features, defines its topography. The map in Figure 2.8 demonstrates the highly varied terrain of the Lakes to Land region, which ranges from 450 feet above sea level in the river valleys to 1,350 feet at the ridge separating Benzie and Manistee Counties. Glaciers gouged the coast intermittently to form low-lying lakes, which have in turn been modified to suit human use over the past few hundred years. In many cases, the lakes remain surrounded by lands of higher elevation to form spectacular bluffs, as in the Arcadia and Frankfort areas. These topographic grooves also helped shape the valleys through which rivers such as the Platte, Betsie, and Manistee make their way to the Lake Michigan shore. Topography plays an indispensable role in development. Engineering concerns presented by swift grade changes were a strong influence on the location of the region’s railroad corridors. Construction in areas of low elevation can be subject to flooding, while a building on a severe slope risks an unstable foundation. Also pictured on this map is the configuration of the Lake Michigan floor—­its bathymetry. This helps determine how a waterbody can be used. Shallower waters remain warmer and offer recreational opportunities like swimming and windsurfing, while only deeper waters can accommodate the larger vessels used by industry. 2.9 Topography and bathymetry of Frankfort Note the surrounding bluffs and the dredged harbor. Photo: Google Earth �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 5 z ? LEELANAU CO. BENZIE CO. ç ? Almira Twp. Platte Twp. Lake Ann ! ç ? Frankfort Crystal Lake Twp. L e k a M i ch I ½ I ½ ! Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Ä ? Elberta ! a g i !Honor Benzonia Twp. ! Beulah BENZIE CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake ! Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Lake Twp. I ½ Weldon Twp. Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. ç ? Colfax Twp. Ä ? Thompsonville ! BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish ! Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. I ½ Bear Lake Ä ? ! Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Portage Lake ç ? Manistee Twp. Iº Marilla Twp. Kaleva Onekama ! ! Brown Twp. MANISTEE CO. Bear Lake WEXFORD CO. ç ? Dickson Twp. ø ? Manistee Eastlake ! ! i ? Filer Twp. i ? Stronach Twp. Norman Twp. I ½ ø ? MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND Regional Topography and Bathymetry 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.10 Topography and bathymetry map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library 50 13 50 11 0 95 0 75 55 0 Elevation (ft): 5 0 5 0 22 45 67 90 Lake Depth (ft): 1 County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road B R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 6 m ? LEELANAU CO. Pl at a t B BENZIE CO. y ç ? Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. ! ç ? Frankfort ! Ä ? k a L e M Homestead Twp. Inland Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. !Beulah Elberta ! i I º I º Crystal Lake Twp. i h c ! Honor Benzonia Twp. BENZIE CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake ! Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Lake Twp. I º Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. ç ? Ä ? Thompsonville ! BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish ! Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. I º Bear Lake Ä ? Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Onekama ! Portage Lake ç º ? I Manistee Twp. Marilla Twp. Kaleva ! Brown Twp. MANISTEE CO. Lake Dickson Twp. ² ? Manistee WEXFORD CO. ! Bear ç ? ø ? Eastlake ! ! i ? Filer Twp. Stronach Twp. i ? Norman Twp. I º ø ? MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND LAKE CO. 0 Representative Slopes 2 4 8 Miles 2.11 Slopes map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Slope Degree: 0-1 1.1 - 5 5.1 - 9 D D D D 9.1 - 16 16.1 - 80 B R ' Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 7 Slopes Slope is a calculation of “rise over run,” or the change in elevation at two points divided by the distance between them. When calculated this way, slope is expressed as a percentage or gradient. It can also be expressed in degrees, as the angle of the surface as compared to the horizontal. Figure 2.9 shows “strong” slopes, defined by an angle between 9.1 and 16 degrees (15-30% grade, or a 15- to 30-foot rise over 100 feet of distance), and “steep” slopes which have a rise of over 16 degrees (>30% grade). Awareness of the locations and extents of these slopes can impact decisions with respect to land use and transportation planning. The threat of erosion, sedimentation, and landslides all increase with the slope of a developed surface. Transportation requires more energy to cover the same distance, a situation that is drastically exacerbated as winter snow and ice reduce surface friction on the roads. 2.12 View from Inspiration Point, Blaine On the other hand, part of northwest Michigan’s magnetic appeal is provided by its beautiful vistas and the recreational opportunities offered by its varied terrain. Many areas of steep slopes and undulating grades are concentrated around the inland lakes near Lake Michigan. Crystal Lake in particular has some steep slopes along both its north and south banks, as do several portions of the Lake Michigan shoreline, and the unincorporated village of Arcadia is nestled in a valley surrounded by steep slope hills. M-22 owes its “Scenic Route” designation to the spectacular views offered by steep hills; the popular state lookout Inspiration Point, just north of Arcadia, is the highest elevation on the eastern shore of Lake Michigan. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 8 Watersheds A watershed is a geographic area of land that drains surface water to a common point in the landscape. Watersheds catch precipitation and snow melt and channel that water into streams. Those streams flow downhill to feed into bigger streams and rivers, collectively creating a network of waterways that eventually drains into a large water body—in Michigan, all watersheds eventually flow into one of the Great Lakes. The Lakes to Land region is served by three of the watersheds designated by the United States Geological Survey: Manistee, Betsie-Platte, and Pere MarquetteWhite. Watersheds connect settlements to each other in a way that is particularly dissociated from jurisdictional boundaries. First, they are usually larger than any standard municipal unit—several to dozens of municipalities can sometimes fit inside a single watershed. Second, and more importantly, water moves under its own power from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. This means that the impact of land use decisions on water quality are felt far beyond the authoritative reach of the decision-makers. Regional planning is therefore an especially valuable tool in watershed protection, as in the case of the Portage Lake Watershed Forever plan that brought the Village of Onekama and Onekama Township together, or the Crystal Lake and Watershed Association that is the most recent incarnation of a citizen-led group focused on that waterbody stretching back over 40 years. For this reason, federal and state monies for water quality management are often disbursed on the basis of an approved watershed plan. Section 319 of the national Clean Water Act provides grants to address nonpoint source pollution (pollution from diffuse sources such as fertilizer, oil, road salt, and animal waste in runoff). The Clean Michigan Initiative is a $675 million bond dedicated to the state’s water resources, including a $90 million clean water fund and $70 million in pollution and remediation monies. Nearly all of the Lakes to Land region is covered by a plan tailored to one of these two programs, with the exception of the areas adjacent to the Platte Bay and those surrounding Bar and Arcadia Lakes. In Michigan, all watersheds eventually flow into one of the Great Lakes. 2.13 Traveling water The Platte River goes under the M-22 bridge to meet Lake Michigan at the Platte Bay. Photo: UpNorth Memories by Don Harrison. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 1 9 LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Elberta L e k a M h ic i Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Manistee Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Filer Twp. Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND Watershed Boundaries Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road LAKE CO. 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.14 Watersheds map Our 2011 performance was significantly better than Watershed Name: Manistee Betsie-Platte industry averages in most categories Pere Marquette-White Subwatershed Boundary D D D D B R i Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 0 ' I ~ ~ - -- ~ --- -. -,-- LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. 1 ~ y • • Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. ,. Frankfort Elberta k a L e M i i h c Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Honor GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Benzonia Twp. MANISTEE CO. Crystal Lake WEXFORD CO. - - - - - - - - _I .,_ Platt Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Manistee Norman Twp. Filer Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. f.t., ' LAKES TO LAND 0 Wetlands 2 4 8 Miles 2.15 Wetlands map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, National Wetlands Inventory D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road Wetland Type: Emergent Lowland, Shrub, or Wooded D D 8 R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 1 Wetlands Michigan statute defines a wetland as “land characterized by the presence of water at a frequency and duration to support, and that under normal circumstances does support, wetland vegetation or aquatic life...” It goes on to note that these lands are commonly referred to as a bog, swamp, or marsh. By any name, wetlands are key to maintaining northwest Michigan’s natural amenities, and particularly its water bodies. They provide flood control, wildlife habitat, groundwater recharge and protection, pollution treatment, erosion mitigation, and replenishment of water nutrients. They are so important that the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality delineates and regulates wetlands throughout the state, as shown in Figure 2.13. DEQ regulates wetlands that meet any of the following criteria: 2.16 Arcadia Marsh restoration project Photo: Ducks Unlimited • Connected to, or located within 1,000 feet of, one of the Great Lakes or Lake St. Clair • Connected to, or located within 500 feet of, an inland lake, pond, river, or stream • More than 5 acres in size • Has been determined by the DEQ to be essential to the preservation of the state’s natural resources Every one of the communities participating in the Lakes to Land Regional Initiative has some delineated wetlands, although the greatest concentration in the region runs northeasterly through the non-participating townships of Maple Grove, Springdale, Cleon, and Colfax. Regulated wetlands require a permit and possibly mitigation for any activity (construction, fill, dredging, etc.) that will impact them. 2.17 Table of wetlands acreage Benzie Manistee Total Emergent (characterized by erect, rooted, herbaceous hydrophytes, excluding mosses and lichens) 1,079.27 2,324.67 3,403.95 Lowland, Shrub, Wooded (characterized by low elevation and woody vegetation) 22,762.91 40,787.43 63,550.33 Source: National Wetlands Inventory �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 2 Protected lands As the nineteenth century drew to a close, the lumber barons had just about clear-cut the entire state of Michigan. Though agriculture was expected to take the place of logging in the local economy as it had done elsewhere, soils better suited to the slow, woody growth of trees ensured that it did not. Collapsing farm prices and tax delinquency following the end of World War I placed hundreds of thousands of acres of land under government control. Faced with a population hemorrhage out of northern Michigan, the state’s Conservation Department embarked on a program of rehabilitating the land for recreational purposes. The Manistee National Forest was created in 1938. Administratively a portion of the HuronManistee National Forest, it comprises just over 148,000 acres of land within Manistee County, including 5,778 acres in Manistee Township. The Forest provides recreational opportunities, fish and wildlife habitat, and resources for local industry. The Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore began as an unsuccessful 1941 recommendation to establish a state park on the Leelanau Peninsula. Finally authorized by the National Parks Service in 1970, it extends across approximately 35 miles of Lake Michigan Shoreline from Benzie to Leelanau Counties, and part of its 12,000 Benzie County acres comprise 45% of Lake Township. The Lakeshore is an international destination for outdoor and wildlife enthusiasts. In 2011, it was named by ABC’s “Good Morning America” as the Most Beautiful Place in America. In the 1990s, Rotary Charities commissioned a study showing a breakneck pace of development in northern Michigan and responded by incubating the Grand Traverse Regional Land Conservancy. The Conservancy has since partnered with individuals, foundations, and all levels of government to protect over 34,000 acres of land and 100 miles of shoreline. 2.18 Lookout at Sleeping Bear Dunes Photo: National Parks Service �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 3 LEELANAU CO. a Pl tt Ba ----------r BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Crystal Lake Twp. Elberta L e k a M h ic a g i Homestead Twp. Inland Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Beulah BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Dickson Twp. Norman Twp. Filer Twp. ... .,. Brown Twp. Eastlake Manistee ,· Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND Federal, State, and Protected Lands 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.19 Protected lands map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road D D D D Federal Owned Land State Owned Land GTRLC Nature Preserve GTRLC Protected Land 8 R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 4 LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. Elberta L e ak M i i h c Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Weldon Twp. Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. --------- i ------ MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Manistee Filer Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. • -~---- MANISTEE CO. 1 LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND Critical Dunes Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library D D Critical Dunes City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.20 Critical dunes map B R Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 5 Arcadia Critical dunes Township is the only Michigan hosts the largest collection of freshwater sand participating dunes in the world, a unique ecosystem sheltering five shoreline community in which critical dunes have not been inventoried by the MDEQ. threatened and endangered species. Protecting the dunes lining the Lake Michigan shoreline along significant portions of Manistee and Benzie Counties is an essential aspect of land use planning in northwest Michigan. Sand mining has been regulated by the State since 1976, and activities related to development, recreation, and forestry have been regulated since 1989. Earthmoving, vegetation removal, and construction activities within a critical dune area are subjected to a permit process. Local governments may assume that permitting authority by passing zoning restrictions that are at least as protective as state regulations, an option that has not been exercised by any Lakes to Land community. There are approximately 7,025 acres of critical dunes along the shores of Benzie and Manistee Counties, nearly all (91%) of which is in Benzie County. Arcadia Township is the only shoreline community participating in the Lakes to Land initiative in which critical dunes have not been inventoried by the MDEQ. 2.21 Sleeping Bear Dunes ��L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 7 Transportation Of all the subjects addressed in a master plan, transportation is among those best suited to be considered on a regional scale. People travel for the purpose of getting somewhere­— frequently, somewhere outside the municipal boundary in which they started. Of course, the story is much fuller. The connection between transportation and land use is so deep that many communities owe their very existence to the routes along which they sprang up: the port city of Manistee, for example, or the fortuitous harbor shelter that led George Tifft to arrange for the development of Frankfort. As the land use intensifies, so too do transportation routes: the Guelph Patent Cask Company’s lumber operation in Honor brought the Pere Marquette Railroad to town, and the settlements at Manistee, Bear Lake, and Benzonia attracted an “auto trail” that would grow into the cross-country thoroughfare US-31. For communities bordering a large body of water, limitations on growth are accompanied by challenges to land transportation. This describes the majority of Lakes to Land communities, where geography requires them to be the destination, not a waypoint, for westbound land travelers. The inseparable nature of production and shipping means that industrial land uses are particularly entwined with transportation. Lumber encampments first sprang up along rivers so that harvested logs, too heavy to be pulled efficiently by horses, could be floated to ships waiting at port. The emergence of the rail industry meant that operations were no longer confined to any water’s edge—rather than bringing the industry to the transportation, the transportation could now be brought to the industry. The Ann Arbor Railroad illustrated the value of combining these approaches when it reached the end of its line in Elberta and began launching waterborne “car ferries” to transport cargo across Lake Michigan to Milwaukee and Chicago. Sometimes, though, we travel just because we like it. As the 20th century got underway, the trains began to carry more tourists than cargo; some segments of the long-obsolete Ann Arbor Railroad bed have now been transformed into a pleasure trail for hikers and bikers. A group of gliding enthusiasts became so enamored of the offshore breeze at Frankfort that they made it into “the soaring capital of the world.” The highway shield for M-22 dots the state, not as a route marker but as two kiteborders’ proclamation of “appreciation for natural wonders such as bays, beaches and bonfire, dunes and vineyards, cottages, friends and family everywhere.” �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 8 g LEELANAU CO. Pl t at Ba BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Crystal Lake Twp. Elberta L e k a M i i h c Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Weldon Twp. Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake , '>r '- ,_ ~ ' \ Manistee Twp. ' Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. ,;--,-----, Eastlake Manistee Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. Filer Twp. ,- - MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND Road Classifications LAKE CO. 0 2 4 8 Miles • 2.22 Road classifications map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, USDOT National Functional Classification D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Arterial Road Collector Road Local Road B R Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 2 9 Road classification Modern roads have been part of the public domain almost since their inception, and for good reason: their usefulness depends heavily on the consistency of their condition and entirely on their continuity of existence across varied lands. But the “almost” is an important part of that sentence. In the late ‘teens and early 1920s, Michigan was among many states that became criss-crossed with “auto trails,” routes named by private organizations and marked with colorful bands on electric and telephone poles. The two such trails that headed to Mackinaw City via the Lakes to Land region were the West Michigan Pike, which began in Michigan City, IN, and the Dixie Highway Northern Connector from Niles, IN. Both traveled through the city of Manistee and the villages of Bear Lake and Benzonia. Following Wisconsin’s example, Michigan became the second state to replace this haphazard system with a numbered trunkline system in 1918-1919. (“Trunkline” now refers to all interstate, US, and Michigan highways.) The West Michigan Pike became M-11 until the United States Numbered Highway system was implemented nationally in 1926, when it was renamed again to US-31. It remains the main artery of Michigan’s west coast, and it was the first highway to cross the Straits via car ferry. In 1952, it was designated as Michigan’s only Blue Star Memorial Highway in a tribute to the Armed Forces. 2.23 Auto trail signs Top and middle: Signs marking the Dixie Highway and West Michigan Pike Bottom: M-22 sign that has become an unofficial symbol of northwest Michigan. Also among the Michigan’s first state highway designations was M-22. Just 116 miles long, it follows the Lake Michigan shoreline from Manistee through Onekama, Arcadia, Elberta, Frankfort, and the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore before it rounds the tip of the Leelanau Peninsula and returns south to Traverse City. Its sign has been adopted by a private recreation company as an informal brand of the region, and M-22 stickers and clothing are now seen all over the state. The Leelanau County portion of the route was designated part of the Leelanau Scenic Heritage Route in 2002, and it’s an honor with a planning component: Scenic Heritage Routes cannot be adjacent to land zoned for commercial or industrial uses. Finally, the road from Frankfort to Benzonia along the south shore of Crystal Lake was designated as M-115 in 1929. Traveling through the Manistee National Forest and the Pere Marquette State Forest, it now terminates in Clare at the intersection of business US-127 and business US-10. These roads provide several options for travel north and south, but travelers to the east and west rely on county roads under the jurisdiction of the Benzie and Manistee County Road Commissions. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 0 Vehicle traffic volume Annual average daily traffic—the total volume of vehicle traffic on a given road in a year, divided by 365—is a simple measurement of how busy a road is. One of the most common uses of AADT data, and in many cases the reason it is collected at all, is to determine the distribution of road funding for improvements and maintenance. The United States Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration requires each state to submit a Highway Performance Monitoring System report each June, and these reports form the basis for funding allocations. Three quarters of the 18.2 cent per gallon federal fuel tax is disbursed to the states, while the other 25% is distributed directly to county road commissions and city and village transportation authorities (all are required to provide matching funds). The Michigan Department of Transportation also collects a 19 cent per gallon gasoline tax in addition to vehicle registration fees and other transportation-related fees. County roads make up 75% of the total Michigan road system, moving over $800 billion of goods and services annually. While the most miles are driven on state roads, county roads are the site of the majority of intersections—and crashes. Only four of the 889 Michigan traffic fatalities in 2011 occurred in Benzie or Manistee County. The Benzie-Manistee area saw the greatest number of accidents in November (174), followed closely by October (173) and December (171); crashes with injuries to persons occurred most frequently in October (33), August (31), and July (30). In both counties, drivers aged 16-20 accounted for the greatest number of crashes: 1079 per 10,000 licensed drivers, as compared with 578 crashes per 10,000 licensed drivers among those aged 21-64 and 337 crashes per 10,000 licensed drivers for those aged 65 and up. These trends are consistent with statewide data indicating that crash rates decline as driver age increases. Traffic volume data can also help prioritize snow removal. For the 2011-2012 year, the Michigan Department of Transportation categorized snow and ice control on US-31 as Priority Level I, meaning that the surface will be bare of ice and snow even if overtime must be paid to accomplish it, while the Priority Level II designation of lower-traffic M-22 means that overtime can be paid to clear a onewheel track in each direction but the rest must wait for the next scheduled shift. 2.24 Historical snow plowing in Manistee Photo: UpNorth Memories by Don Harrison �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 1 LEELANAU CO. Pl t at Ba BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Elberta L e k a M h ic a g i Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake • I ------------1---- --- · I Manistee Twp. Manistee Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Filer Twp. Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND 0 Vehicle Traffic Volume 2 4 8 Miles • 2.25 Vehicle traffic volume map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDOT Paved and Vehicles per Day: Unpaved Paved 4' or Greater Paved Shoulder ----------------------- - Low (Under 2,500) Medium (2,500 - 10,000) ------------------·---- ==== ------------------·----- - - Heavy (Above 10,000) Minor Roads (No Data) D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary 8 R i Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 2 ~ LEELANAU CO. ---1- Pl at a t B BENZIE CO. y :~" Almira Twp. ' ~ Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. ( Elberta L e k a M h ic i Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Weldon Twp. Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Manistee Filer Twp. Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. \. MANISTEE CO. • MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND Marine Harbors Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDNR MANISTEE CO. LAKE CO. 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.26 Marine ports map City or Village Harbor Type: Our County 2011 performance better than Boundary was significantly Commercial, and Recreational II Cargo, Township Boundary II Commercial, and Recreational industry averages in most categories Major Road Minor Road D 8 R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 3 Marine ports The front door of many Michigan coastal communities is its port. Great Lakes navigation brought the first European settlers to the Lakes to Land region, first to trap fur and then to harvest timber from this western frontier. Commercial use of the waterways has continued ever since, and today one quarter of the nation’s top harbors by tonnage are on the Great Lakes. Maritime transport is considerably cheaper and more environmentally friendly than either rail or truck. Its average of 607 miles to one gallon of fuel per ton of cargo is three times the efficiency of a freight train and over ten times as efficient as trucking; it produces 90% less carbon dioxide than a semi and 70% less than a train. And then there are the infrastructure costs. While rails and roads require continual maintenance, the vast majority of Great Lakes shipping lanes were created by glaciers without any help from us at all. 2.27 Freighter departure Sandy barriers prevent some rivers from emptying into Lake Michigan at the close of their journey toward sea level, pooling instead into lakes that dot the western edge of the state. It took no time at all for early settlers to begin dredging these barriers, transforming the lakes into roomy and land-locked harbors. Manistee, with its broad lake at the confluence of two rivers, is the largest in the region. This deep draft commercial harbor serves five major industrial facilities, including the Filer City Generating Station. Frankfort, also a deep draft commercial harbor, was once reknown for the car ferries that launched rail shipments from the Ann Arbor Railroad onto the waterway system. Though those days are long gone, this Harbor of Refuge supports over 200 recreational boat slips. Citizens of Onekama have established infrastructure around their recreational harbor at Portage Lake that supports 230 recreational boat slips and generates tourist income; residents of Arcadia have done the same to support their 60 recreational boat slips and charter fishing enterprises. Both are also Harbors of Refuge, offering mooring to boaters stranded in inclement weather. But harbors are not part of the maintenance-free portion of the Great Lakes navigational system. The US Army Corps of Engineers is responsible for them under the national River and Harbor Act of 1879, and the already-challenging task of reliably directing sand and water is complicated by persistent low water levels and deferred maintenance due to constrained budgets. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 4 Rails The sole railroad line now operating within the Lakes to Land region is the CSX line that loops around the north end of Manistee Lake and continues south to Grand Rapids—all that remains of a bustling network of railroads across and around the region, many of which were built to serve the timber industry. The Manistee route was also the first rail foray into the Lakes to Land region in 1881. Three years later, the Arcadia and Betsey River Railroad began a short trip between Arcadia and its then-neighbor to the northeast, Saile Station, continuing on to the then-village of Springdale in 1887. Over the next several years, railways exploded all over the region: a Manistee & Northeastern ran a line from Manistee to Nesson City in 1888, the company that would become the Ann Arbor Railroad connected Cadillac to Frankfort in 1889, and lines connecting Walhalla, Interlochen, Lake Ann and Traverse City all popped up in 1890. This completed the backbone of the regional system, and beginning in about 1895 much of the rail-building effort was devoted to spurs that connected established stations and reached ever-further into the Leelanau Peninsula. The need for rail cars plummeted at the close of the lumber era, and those connecting spurs began to disappear beginning around 1917. The main lines through the region lasted mostly intact until the Depression. In 1934, a Pere Marquette loop that ran from Traverse City through Lake Ann, Interlochen, and Kaleva stopped running, and the Arcadia and Betsey River Railway followed in 1936. For the next 40 years, only the north-south Pere Marquette line and the Ann Arbor Railroad’s Frankfort connection remained. The former was abandoned in 1982, and the latter is undergoing rebirth as the Betsie Valley Trail after landing under the control of the State of Michigan in 1980. 2.28 The John D. Dewar Approaches an Arcadia Dock Photo and text from Arcadia Area Historical Society: “This is a view south along Lake Arcadia’s northeast shore. The steamer DeWar is on the left. Logs are stacked along the shoreline, in a barge, and in the water waiting transport to the Starke Sawmill. Source: Postcard Photo from the collection of Bob McCall” �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 5 z ? LEELANAU CO. a Pl tt Ba BENZIE CO. y ç ? Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. ç ? Crystal Lake Twp. La ke i Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Ä ? Beulah Elberta M I ½ I ½ Frankfort i h c '"I Honor Benzonia Twp. BENZIE CO. 1------------- Platt Lake Crystal Lake I Benzonia I I I - - - -- -- Gilmore Twp. n a g GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Lake Twp. I ½ Weldon Twp. Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. ç ? :~ Thompsonville ' BENZIE CO. ' MANISTEE CO. Copemish ll ' ''' Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. ' Colfax Twp. ' '"' Ä ? Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. I ½ ' ' Onekama Twp. Onekama Maple Grove Twp. Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. . Portage Lake ~- Kaleva r-- '' ç ½ ? I '' Manistee Twp. ! ~,,)V '1t "0-tv ; Eastlake I Manistee i ? Filer Twp. 1 Stronach Twp. I ½ ,- MANISTEE CO. l Dickson Twp. : I ~ - - ~ ;~~------------~~ i ? • MASON CO. 1• .r. .,.~ Brown Twp. .f: Ä ? ~----------- --l----l MANISTEE CO. Bear Lake ç ? ø ? ------------------ Norman Twp. ø ? MANISTEE CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND Operable Railroad Tracks WEXFORD CO. Bear Lake 0 2 4 8 Miles • 2.29 Operable railroad tracks map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Railroad Track Major Road Minor Road B R i Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 6 7 z ? LEELANAU CO. Pl at a t B BENZIE CO. y ç ? r.~ Almira Twp. \i Lake Ann Platte Twp. \t Lake Twp. ,________ I 7 Crystal Lake Twp. Elberta Honor I ½ Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Ä ? Beulah Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Blaine Twp. ç ? I ½ ! C Joyfield Twp. ! C Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Ä ? 7 ~ \ Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. T Springdale Twp. I Cleon Twp. ( I ½ ' Bear Lake Ä ? Maple Grove Twp. , , jOnekama Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake ç ½ ? I Manistee Twp. Brown Twp. MANISTEE CO. Bear Lake ç ? WEXFORD CO. L e k a M I Benzonia Twp. I ½ Frankfort i Platt Lake BENZIE CO. ç ? i h c -- -- -- -- -- - - - Crystal Lake GRAND TRAVERSE CO. I Dickson Twp. ! Ä ø ? Eastlake Manistee i ? Filer Twp. >< ¥ Stronach Twp. t ½ I ~ ,._ I \ i ? '/~J I ( 7 n ,_ ø ? MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. , ------- -------'~ LAKES TO LAND _I LAKE CO. 0 Aviation Norman Twp. 2 4 8 Miles 2.30 Aviation map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDNR D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road Type: C Helipad ! Commercial Ä General Aviation 7 8 R Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 7 Air travel Long before Blacker Airport became the fastest way to get from the Lakes to Land region to the rest of the world, sailplanes brought the rest of the world to the region. Manistee County - Blacker Airport is the largest airport in the region with 3,413 commercial enplanements (“civil aviation operations other than scheduled air services and non scheduled air transport operations for remuneration or hire”) in 2010. It is publicly owned by the Manistee County Blacker Airport Authority, and its first commercial flight went aloft in 1961. Seven single-engine and one multiengine aircraft are based in the field. Of the 132 weekly flight operations it averaged in 2010, 72% were split evenly between transient and local general operations; 18% were commercial flights; 9% were air taxis; and less than 1% were military. By contrast, the public-use Thompsonville Airport is the smallest. Owned by the Village of Thompsonville, it hosts four single-engine aircraft. Half of its 15 flight operations per week in 2011 were transient general aviation while the other half were local general aviation. 2.31 Frankfort Cinema TG 1-A This sailplane was, used by the U.S. Army Air Corps as a training glider. Frankfort Dow Memorial Field, a general aviation airport, saw three commercial enplanements in 2010. Publicly owned by Frankfort City-Co Airport Authority, its 77 weekly flight operations in 2011 were also split evenly between transient and local general aviation. Its aircraft base, however, was unique: the 13 enginepowered vehicles were accompanied by six gliders and one “ultralight,” defined in the U.S. as a single-seat vehicle of less than five gallons fuel capacity with weight and speed restrictions of 254 pounds and 55 knots (64 mph) respectively. These are the crafts of the Northwest Soaring Club, which was based at the Frankfort Dow Memorial Field until summer of that year. A 1939 article in The Rotarian credits six glider enthusiasts with transforming this city of “a few commercial fishermen, a few Summer visitors, and no fame at all” into “the soaring capital of America.” It went on to cite the first-ever incorporated sailplane school in America, the Frankfort Sailplane Factory, and the startling statistic that a full 80% of Frankfort’s population had taken to the skies. Although the factory moved to Illinois before it folded and the school has moved to Cadillac with the Northwest Soaring Club, the gliders’ glory days had put Frankfort on the map for good. �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 3 9 Regional Recreation The tourism that has become one of the region’s strongest economic bases is largely fueled by an abundance of recreational opportunities. In the winter, residents are found playing on the slopes of lakes vying for one more knot. When the wind gets too fierce nearby alpine ski resorts, racing down snow mobile routes, for the sailors, the sailboarding crew unravels its gear and participating in snow shoe stampedes, enjoying a vigorous day speeds over the whitecaps, catching air and impressing the of Nordic skiing, or relaxing in an ice hut on an inland lake bystanders. Lake Michigan may not get waves big enough for trying to secure that perfect catch. Some more adventurous surfing on a regular basis, but its substantial wind kicks up souls are racing their ice sail boats. When warm weather some pretty large breakers for an inland lake. is upon the region, residents are found mountain biking or Fishing is a huge industry in the walking on the non-motorized region, whether it is winter or transportation trails, walking the All types of fishing exist summer. All types exist in plenty: tree-lined neighborhood streets enterprise or recreation, fly or bait of the villages and towns, and in plenty: enterprise or and tackle. The region’s rivers, living life by enjoying family and streams, and lakes are heavily community. recreation, fly or bait scrutinized for their freshwater During the summer months, inhabitants, and they are home and tackle. winter’s empty and lonely to some of the finest fly fishing the orchards burst forth with energy. country has to offer. Golf is also a Small fruit stands dot M-22, and nurseries along US-31 are major recreational must for many who live and visit the region; available for drivers to smell the fresh air and listen to the opportunities range from opulent courses known throughout sway of the trees while tasting the bounty of the area. Boating, Michigan and beyond to propitious courses that host all levels whether sailing or under power, occupies many lazy afternoon of player. days. Sailboats of all sizes cluster in weekly regattas on the �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 0 Parks and recreation “Because to so many citizens, men and women alike, life is a grind, a round of labor and a season of care... Thus public recreation facilities are provided because of the demand for a free and popular antidote to task-driving conditions.“ Charles Mulford Robinson used these words in a 1910 article titled “Educational Value of Public Recreation Facilities” to assure his readers that his treatise was not going to sap all the fun out of public parks. “To furnish that antidote is their essential purpose,” he soothed. “Education is incidental to it.” Still, his next several pages do not waver from their purpose: “The song of a bird, the scent of a flower, the glory of a sunset sky are parts of our common heritage. ... If the park can cultivate these in large numbers of people, as an incident of its service as a public pleasure ground, it will bestow great benefit; it will vastly increase its usefulness to the community; it will not only heighten the enjoyment of its own attractions, but it will put into hearts and minds a faculty of enjoyment that will be of service in daily life. To such extent, the investment which has been made in the parks will be paying daily dividends on the common stock of human experience.” That may sound a bit overblown, but it turns out that we needn’t rely on the common stock of human experience to get dividends out of parks. Nearly a century after Mr. Robinson’s article, a 2006 National Fish and Wildlife Foundation study found that “outdoor recreation sales (gear and trips combined) of $289 billion per year are greater than annual returns from pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing ($162 billion), legal services ($253 billion), and power generation and supply ($283 billion).” Camping and hiking alone accounted for 55% of outdoor recreation’s total impact on the US economy, surpassing fishing, hunting, water sports, trail- and snow-based activities, and wildlife viewing. Blaine Township Park �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 1 LEELANAU CO. 'Pl t at Ba BENZIE CO. y 22 • : ,.,. -- -·' - Platt Lake Benzonia Twp. Honor Frankfort Crystal Lake Twp. n a g - -' -Weldon Twp. I ,------- ' - -• Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. I I Colfax Twp. ' ' :- BENZIE CO. fmlll!l :Thompsonville -- ~ MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. '' '' Bear Lake Bear Lake Cleon Twp. I -~----\m. ----;------: ----· I MANISTEE CO. i Benzonia Gilmore Twp. Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Marilla Twp. ~- - - - - - - - --I-• Bear Lake Twp. Onekama Kaleva Portage Lake I _, Manistee Brown Twp. •. - .J,, Manistee Twp. WEXFORD CO. L e k a M Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Elberta -., - '-•.----- BENZIE CO. Crystal Lake GRAND TRAVERSE CO. : Lake Twp. i h c ... Almira Twp. fmlllllLake • Ann Platte Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. Filer Twp. '' I MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. ,- MANISTEE CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND Recreational Facilities and Amenities 0 2 4 8 Miles • 2.32 Parks and recreation map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDOT D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road Park / Public Recreation Area Camping Picnic Facilities Drinking Water Restrooms / Port-A-Johns a M El •a Swimming Showers Hiking / Trailhead Biking Nordic Skiing 8 R ' Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 2 z ? LEELANAU CO. Ba tt y ç ? Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. ! 9 ! 9 ! 9 ! 9 Platt Lake ç ? Crystal Lake Twp. Ä ? k a L e i Inland Twp. Beulah Elberta M I ½ ! 9 ! 9 Homestead Twp. I ½ Frankfort i h c Honor Benzonia Twp. Benzonia ' Gilmore Twp. n a g ! 9 l I ½ Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. BENZIE CO. Crystal Lake GRAND TRAVERSE CO. a Pl ! 9 BENZIE CO. ç ? Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Ä ? Thompsonville ! 9 BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. I ½ ç ? Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. ! Kaleva 9 Portage Lake ,_ '' ç ½ ? I Manistee Brown Twp. ! 9 Filer Twp. 9 Stronach! Twp. i ? Norman Twp. I ,- ø ? !9 9 !! 9 ! 9 Eastlake i ? I ½ ! 9 Dickson Twp. ! 9 ! 9 Ä ? -------------1--- ---- Manistee Twp. ! 9 MANISTEE CO. - - ----t----- ---- !Bear Lake 9 WEXFORD CO. ! 9 Bear Lake I I \. MANISTEE CO. ! 9 ! 9 ! 9 ø ? MANISTEE CO. ! 9 LAKE CO. MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND 0 Campgrounds City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road 4 8 Miles 2.33 Campgrounds map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDNR, NPS D 2 ! 9 ! 9 ! 9 ! 9 ! 9 National Park Campgrounds National Forest Campgrounds State Forest Campgrounds State Park Campgrounds Local Municipality Campgrounds 6 R ; Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 3 Camping As leisure activities go, camping is about as democratic as it gets. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources boasts that “you are never more than half an hour from a Michigan State Park, State Forest Campground, State Recreation Area, or State trail system,” so just about anyone in need of a getaway can pack up a few subsistence items and start communing with the great outdoors in short order. It’s affordable, kid- and petfriendly, and so therapeutic that entire intervention programs have been built around it. 2.34 Orchard Beach State Park in Manistee Township Photo: UpNorth Memories by Don Harrison Lake Michigan’s varied shoreline and the region’s abundance of inland lakes, rivers, streams, woodlands, bluffs, and trails make it a year-round destination for outdoor enthusiasts of all types. And at the end of the river rafting or the bicycle riding, those enthusiasts need a place to rest their heads—and a bite to eat, and maybe a few supplies or souvenirs, making an attractive campground into a community economic driver. State campgrounds within Benzie and Manistee Counties are maintained and managed by the MDNR The Platte River campground, federally managed as part of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, is at the junction of M-22 and the Platte River, where archaeological evidence suggests that humans may have been taking a summer holiday since 600 B.C. Numerous private and quasi-public campgrounds dot the area, but it is interesting to note that the region hosts no state campgrounds at all in the recreation-focused area west of US-31—a potentially overlooked income source. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 4 Boat launches The eight Great Lakes states registered 4.3 million boats in 2003—one third of all US recreational vessels—and Michigan’s 1,000,000 boats led the region. Forty-two percent of them belonged to residents of coastal counties. To preserve public access to our 3,000 miles of coastline, Michigan’s state legislature began earmarking fishing license funds to purchase water frontage in 1939. Since then, marine fuel taxes and boat registration fees paid by recreational boaters have funded the construction of over 1,200 boat launching facilities. In the Lakes to Land region, the launches offer access to Lake Michigan, rivers, and inland lakes for watercraft ranging from kayaks to yachts. In addition to these State-designated launches, there are many additional inland lake road-end boat launch areas maintained by the Benzie and Manistee County Road Commissions. Such maintenance is money well spent. A Great Lakes Recreational Boating study conducted by the US Army Corps of Engineers in 2003-2008 found that an average Great Lakes boat owner spends about $3600 per year, including equipment, insurance, fees, gas, food, and lodging. Applying that figure to the statistic above, it is reasonable to estimate that recreational boating is a $72 million enterprise in the Lakes to Land region. The same study appraises its contribution to Michigan personal income at $1.3 billion, to the overall economy at $1.9 billion, and to statewide employment at 51,000 jobs. 2.36 Bear Lake boat launch circa 1920s Photo: UpNorth Memories 2.35 Table of boating economic impacts Lakes to Land Region* State of Michigan Great Lakes basin 19,071 953,554 4,282,507 Trip and craft sales $780 million $3.9 billion $19 billion Personal income added $260 million $1.3 billion $6.5 billion Economic value added $380 million $1.9 billion $9.2 billion 1,027 51,329 246,117 Registered boats Jobs * calculated by taking 42% of state number and dividing by 21 (2 of 42 total coastal counties) �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 5 LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Platt Lake Benzonia Twp. Elberta L e k a M Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. ic ·-s -- -- _I - Honor Frankfort g i h 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BENZIE CO. _51_ -- -- -- -~ - Benzonia Gilmore Twp. an GRAND TRAVERSE CO. I Crystal Lake I Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Weldon Twp. SI -s- -- Colfax Twp. Thompsonville __ ,'__ BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake MANISTEE CO. Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. WEXFORD CO. Bear Lake ------------ -- J -Manistee Twp. ~ Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. sfiJ Manistee Filer Twp. )fr", : SI SI ,J - 1-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - Eastlake Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND Boat Launch Ramps Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDNR State Designated Boat Access Site City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.37 Boat launch ramps map 8 R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 6 LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Elberta L e k a M h ic i Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Manistee Norman Twp. Filer Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND Lands Open to Public Hunting Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDNR D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road Open to Public Hunting: US Forest Service National Park Service Commercial Forest Act Lands State Forest Land State Wildlife/Game Areas LAKE CO. 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.38 Lands open to public hunting map D D -D 6 R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 7 Hunting Want to hunt deer, elk, rabbit, hare, squirrel, pheasant, grouse, woodcock, quail, crow, coyote, opossum, porcupine, weasel, skunk, woodchuck, turkey, or waterfowl? There’s a license for that. The Department of Natural Resources, responsible for fish and wildlife management, regulations, and habitat protection, is primarily funded through two mechanisms: the direct sale of hunting and fishing licenses, and the leveraging of those proceeds for use in the federal Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration (WSFR) project. The WSFR program, which turned 75 in 2012, levies a tax of 10% to 11% on sporting arms, ammunition, bows, arrows, and crossbows and then returns that money to state conservation departments (in Michigan, the MDNR) through 3-to-1 matching grants. So, every $1 spent on a hunting license yields $4 in conservation funding. 2.39 Jake turkeys in Onekama It’s a system that many like because it directly ties the cost of preserved land to its use. But it is also a system in which land conservation for all reasons is vulnerable to changes in hunting behavior. The chart below shows that sales for all licenses have declined steadily over the past five years, both numerically and as a share of the overall population. The magnified rate of return provided by the WSFR program also works in reverse: for every $1 lost in hunting license sales, MDNR must make up a $4 budget shortfall. This has led the department to urge all who are interested in conservation to buy a license­—whether you plan to hunt or not. Photo: Al Taylor 2.40 Table of hunting licenses sold by year Change 20062011 % change 20062011 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 9,457 734,089 204 24,024 295,349 132,764 125,933 21,951 60,403 814,003 9,516 724,198 166 24,387 293,659 127,772 121,487 20,877 58,866 800,921 10,180 733,993 355 24,148 273,262 124,570 118,021 20,561 58,040 805,299 8,953 725,186 366 23,331 266,549 127,120 120,769 20,758 58,214 798,256 8,975 697,454 227 24,411 261,032 125,093 115,101 27,310 56,688 772,114 9,020 691,181 154 25,813 256,175 114,139 106,880 20,905 55,724 763,059 -437 -42,908 -50 1,789 -39,174 -18,625 -19,053 -1,046 -4,679 -50,944 -4.6% -5.8% -24.5% 7.4% -13.3% -14.0% -15.1% -4.8% -7.7% -6.3% MI population 10,082,438 10,050,847 10,002,486 Licenses per capita 0.0807 0.0797 0.0805 9,969,727 0.0801 9,883,640 0.0781 9,876,187 0.0773 -206,251 -0.003 -2.0% -4.3% Bear Deer Elkb Fur harvester Small game Turkeyc Spring turkey Fall turkey Waterfowl All types Hunting license typea b I Source: Brian J. Frawley, MDNR. a Within each license type, a person is counted only once regardless of the number of licenses purchased. b A restricted number of licenses were available, and these licenses were distributed using a random drawing. c Some but not all of turkey hunting licenses were distributed using a random drawing. d Total for all types does not equal sum of all license types because people can purchase multiple license types. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 8 2.41 Benthic macroinvertebrates Trout streams Mayfly One of the region’s major recreational draws is the wealth of opportunities for fishing, both in Lake Michigan and in its inland lakes, rivers, and streams. The map displayed in Figure 2.41 identifies the designated trout streams in Benzie and Manistee counties. Viable trout streams are generally defined by three characteristics: coarse soils, limited development (including limited pavement and other impervious surfaces), and an abundance of groundwater. State-designated Blue Ribbon Trout Streams meet even stricter criteria: they support excellent stock of wild resident trout, permit fly casting while remaining shallow enough to wade in, produce diverse insect life, and have excellent water quality. Trout are good indicators of water quality in general because of their reliance on benthic macroinvertebrate diversity—the bugs, larvae, and other organisms that live on the bottom of a body of water. These creatures thrive in streams with high levels of dissolved oxygen, and this means clean, cold water for two reasons: water’s ability to hold dissolved oxygen decreases as temperature increases, and the bacteria in organic waste can quickly consume all available dissolved oxygen. When present, aquatic macroinvertibrates help maintain the water quality by eating bacteria and decayed plants, then become a source of food themselves for the resident fish population. Dragonfly Caddisfly The Platte River from Maple City Road to Honor and Bear Creek upstream of Nine Mile Road both have Blue Ribbon designations. The Platte River stretch hosts the state’s fish hatchery, which raises chinook and coho salmon and produces coho eggs for the entire upper Great Lakes. Despite Bear Creek’s modest name, its flows are similar to the Little Manistee and Pine Rivers, and the tributary provides the Manistee River system with its wild runs of steelhead trout and salmon. 2.42 Steelhead trout Photo: Cheri and Tony Barnhart �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 4 9 LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt ------------1BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Elberta k a L e M i i h c Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Manistee Filer Twp. ,)~ Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND 0 Trout Locations -- City or Village Trout Stream Blue Ribbon Trout Stream 4 8 Miles 2.43 Trout locations map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library D 2 County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road 8 R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 5 0 LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Elberta L e k a M h c i i Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n a g Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Manistee Filer Twp. ,-- Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND Regional Recreational Trails Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDOT, NWMCOG, GTRLC D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road GTRLC Trail Equestrian Trail Betsie Valley Trail 0 2 4 8 Miles 2.44 Recreational trails map Snowmobile Trail North Country Trail Non-Motorized Multi Use Trail (use restrictions vary) B Updated: 09-24-13 • R Beckett&Ra~der �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 5 1 Recreational trails The Michigan Statewide Trails Initiative of 1992 defines a However trailway as “a land corridor passing through the community many or countryside...accommodating a variety of public recreation worthy benefits a trail might provide, its raison d’etre can often be boiled down to one word: fun. uses.” Recent research casts trails in the role of community superhero, providing economic, environmental, recreational, health, and even safety benefits. They offer transportation alternatives to the car. They are exercise opportunities that lead directly to better medical outcomes. They’re sites of chance meetings with neighbors and wildlife. They can provide a buffer between natural areas and inhabited ones. They draw in visitors from other communities. Their activity can enliven an area that would otherwise look desolate enough to invite crime. But however many worthy benefits a trail might provide, its raison d’etre can often be boiled down to one word: fun. Michigan’s citizenry comes together in myriad ways to identify, create, and maintain an extensive and varied trail network. For example, our 6,200-mile web of snowmobile trails, 181 miles of which run through Benzie and Manistee counties, is one of only three such systems in the country. Half of the system is on private lands while the other half is distributed among federal, state, and other public lands; all utilize grant program grooming tractors for maintenance. The 22-mile-long Betsie Valley Trail that follows the abandoned Ann Arbor Railroad bed is another collaborative example: owned by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, it is maintained by Benzie County and supported by the not-for-profit Friends of the Betsie Valley Trail corporation. The Shore to Shore Riding and Hiking Trail that cuts across the northeast corner of Benzie County was established in 1964 by the Michigan Trail Riders Association, and the only “riding” to be done on this journey between Oscoda on Lake Huron and Empire on Lake Michigan is on a horse—neither motors nor bicycles are welcome. The Grand Traverse Regional Land Conservancy has made trails an integral part of its land stewardship mission. And the federally-managed North Country Trail is a footpath that traverses seven states between New York and North Dakota; the Huron-Manistee is one of the 10 national forests it touches on in its 4,600 mile journey. 2.45 Table of trail miles Snowmobile Equestrian Nonmotorized North Country Trail GTRLC Benzie Manistee Total 63.13 15.36 60.01 0 118.68 0 64.91 33.21 181.81 15.36 124.96 33.21 14.71 2.07 16.79 �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 5 3 Cultural Resources Though the land itself provides plenty of amusement for many, over the years the people of the region have built, preserved, and accrued a wealth of cultural endeavors with which to supplement their entertainment. Those inclined toward the visual arts may like to visit the works at the Oliver Art Center and the Crystal Lake Art Center, or wait until the art fairs arrive in Frankfort and Bear Lake. For a little free anytime cultural pick-me-up, peek into the Frankfort post office at the car ferry mural funded by the Works Progress Administration in 1941. Even a little and Manistee counties offer public libraries and branches. Even a little hotel stay can come with a side of history at the lumber-town-turned-resort called Watervale Inn—or it can make history the main attraction as in the old-west-themed Rockin’ R Ranch in Bear Lake. There you’ll find horseback riding, hayrides, sledding, carriage rentals, and of course a hotel stay saloon. Those who prefer the auditory delights can be serenaded by can come with a side of the Benzie Community Chorus For fun that’s a little less formal, and make the summer rounds of hometown festivals Arcadia history. Concert in the Park venues. In the Daze and Bear Lake Days theatrical hub of Frankfort, you are celebrated in July while can attend the Lakeside Shakespeare Theatre, Benzie County Onekama hosts Onekama Days in August and the Manistee Players, and Frankfort Garden Theater. County Fair in September. You can get a head start on sampling the region’s dining options at the Taste of Benzie Your culture can come packaged with a little education at festival in Elberta. Catch a movie in Honor at the Cherry the Arcadia Historical Society, or it can come packaged in Bowl Drive-In, open every summer since 1953, and if you’re the 60,000 bottles used to build the house that now hosts the in the car anyway, defy a little gravity at the Putney Road Kaleva Historical Society in Manistee County. Both Benzie Mystery Spot in Blaine. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 5 4 LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Honor Frankfort Elberta L e k a M i i ch Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. I I I I - ·1I - -- -- -- Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. ,_ Benzonia Gilmore Twp. n ga BENZIE CO. Benzonia Twp. GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake 1 I I I y Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. I Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. • Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Onekama • Bear Lake Twp. . Portage Lake Marilla Twp. ' ' I Kaleva MANISTEE CO. Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. WEXFORD CO. Bear Lake I I I I II I - ------------------ -1 -------· ,,. Manistee Twp. Manistee • Filer Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Stronach Twp. Norman Twp. • MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKES TO LAND Historic Sites • LAKE CO. 0 2 4 2.46 Historic sites map 8 Miles • Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MSHDA D Registered Historic Site City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road 8 R Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 5 5 Historic sites “[T]he task is to breathe the breath of life into American history for those to whom it has been a dull recital of facts—to recreate for the average citizen something of the color, the pageantry, and the dignity of our national past.” So spoke Verne Chatelan, chief historian for the National Parks Service at the 1935 passage of the Historic Sites Act. Since then, the 1966 National Historic Preservation Act has broadened both the definition and the scope of historic designation, giving official recognition and benefits access at all levels of government and in the private sector. Historic sites connect a geographic location to itself across time. They offer those who behold them an opportunity to broaden our definition of “community,” beyond those souls who happen to be living in a particular place right now to the sum all those who have passed through—an act which, when conceived in reverse, lets our own souls become part of a community which will outlive us many hundreds of times over. The Frankfort Land Company House imagined itself in just such a way in 1867: the two-story Italianate was the first stylish house in Frankfort, built for the company officials tasked with developing the town. “No building in Frankfort is more closely connected to the establishment of the city,” says the building’s National Register entry, adding that the lavish structure also “advertised the company’s confidence in the town’s economic potential.” 2.47 Historic site photos Top: The Frankfort Land Company House, Frankfort (Benzie County) Middle: The Manistee County Courthouse Fountain, Onekama Village (Manistee County) Bottom: The William and Ursula Quimby Homestead, Arcadia Township (Manistee County) Photos: Michigan State Housing Development Authority “Historic Sites Online” The Manistee County Courthouse Fountain in Onekama Village Park has twice been solemnly dedicated to the community. In 1887, the ornate public sculpture was purchased to decorate the lawn of the new Victorian Gothic courthouse. After a 1950 fire destroyed the building, the Portage Lake Garden Club obtained the fountain and moved it to the Village Park to memorialize the deceased servicemen of Onekama Township. The William and Ursula Quimby Homestead is neither lavish nor ornate, called an “ordinary farmhouse” even by its Register entry. But it sheltered a truly extraordinary Arcadia Township neighbor: their daughter Harriet Quimby, who became the first licensed female pilot in 1911 and successfully completed the first female solo flight over the English channel in 1912. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 5 6 Lighthouses The outsize role of waterborne trade in the history of Michigan—and the Lakes to Land region in particular— afforded lighthouses the equally outsize role of trying to keep that trade from becoming deadly. Colonial lighthouses came under federal control in 1789, when President George Washington created the U.S. Lighthouse Establishment. No lighthouses were constructed in Michigan until 1925, when the light at Fort Gratiot was lit. The first lights on Lake Michigan shone from Chicago Harbor and St. Joseph in 1832. By 1838, the Manitou Passage had been established as the fastest and most protected route to the Straits from the south, but it was still so treacherous it furnished an entire underwater preserve with shipwrecks. The South Manitou Light was lit in 1838 to mark the west side of the passage’s entry. By the time the Point Betsie Light Station joined it in 1858 to guide navigation into the passage from the east, the South Manitou Light was ready for reconstruction. Just south of the passage was the Lake Betsie harbor at Frankfort, the most northern improved harbor on Michigan’s west coast and an excellent refuge at which to wait for optimum passage conditions. Private funds had first improved the harbor, but by 1867 the traffic volume warranted the attentions of the Army Corps of Engineers. The next six years saw a new channel dug and dredged to accommodate the largest ships of the day, a pair of piers and revetments built, and the construction of the Frankfort Pierhead Light. Meanwhile, lumberers on the south side of the Lakes to Land region had discovered the tremendous potential of the Manistee River for transporting their product out of the state’s interior and began lobbying for improvements to the harbor. An Army Corps of Engineers study confirmed the need in 1861 and a lighthouse was built in 1870—and again in 1872, after the first one fell victim to Michigan’s coast-to-coast Great Fire of the previous year. 2.48 Lighthouse photos Top: Point Betsie lighthouse Middle: Frankfort North Light Bottom: Manistee North Pierhead Lighthouse �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 5 7 LEELANAU CO. I Pl t at Ba -----------: BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Crystal Lake Twp. Elberta L e k a M i i h c g Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor MANISTEE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. .-------- Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. an - - -'' -' Weldon Twp. Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Colfax Twp. 11 :~ Thompsonville '' BENZIE CO. ------~ ----------- MANISTEE CO. Copemish lf_ Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Springdale Twp. ! -,------ ''' 'i Onekama Twp. Onekama Cleon Twp. '-------;- Maple Grove Twp. Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake ----- r --1------~ I Manistee Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Manistee Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. Filer Twp. - ~1...r - MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. • -~---- MANISTEE CO. .--- 1 LAKES TO LAND 0 Lighthouses LAKE CO. 2 4 8 Miles • 2.49 Lighthouses map Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road 0 •• Point Betsie Lighthouse Frankfort North Light Manistee North Pierhead Lighthouse B R I Beckett&Raeder �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 5 9 Demographics Demographics are the statistics of a population: gender, age, ethnicity, income, employment, housing, education, etc. Taken together, they try to paint a picture that gives a generalized answer the question, “Who lives here?” The answer to that question is central to the planning process because it is impossible to create a plan that will serve a community well without knowing about the people who comprise that community. Planning strategies vary based upon a population’s current characteristics, and on the ways in which the population is projected to change. For example, a community experiencing an increase in new families should be planned differently than one with an aging population. The former may place a priority on new singlefamily housing, new schools, extension of infrastructure, playgrounds and parks, etc., while the latter may be more concerned with issues of mobility and accessibility, emergency services, health care, and accommodating senior housing and assisted living. It is impossible to create a plan that will serve a community well without knowing about the people who comprise it. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 0 Population and housing In the “snapshot” of a community that demographic information presents, data about population and housing form the outline. Population The most basic piece of demographic information is the population count. This static number gives us a sense of scale which is necessary to understand and address the population’s needs. Many of the inputs and outputs of a municipal system are based on inputs and outputs of individual bodies (clean water, food, human waste, trash), so the size of the services needed are tied directly to the size of the community. Taken over time, population statistics become trends. These provide a basis for limited future forecasting and also offer a more robust comparison among communities. For example, we see that although the population growth rate of all 16 communities combined was 2.13%, the growth rate among individual communities ranged from a 36% loss of population from the Village of Onekama to an almost 20% gain in Lake Township. Moreover, comparing the participating communities to the larger populations within which they reside, we see that the growth rate did not keep pace with the national rate of 9.71% or the combined Benzie/ Manistee county rate of 4.28%, but it did avoid Michigan’s fate of population loss. The Lakes to Land citizens, then, made up a greater percentage of Michiganders in 2010 than they did in 2000 (0.143% versus 0.139%), but a smaller percentage of the combined Benzie/Manistee County areas (33.4% versus 34.1%). Households The second most basic piece of demographic data, the molecular structure in which the atoms of population reside, is the household. The US Census Bureau defines a “Household” as follows: A household consists of all the people who occupy a housing unit. A house, an apartment or other group of rooms, or a single room, is regarded as a housing unit when it is occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters; that is, when the occupants do not live with any other persons in the structure and there is direct access from the outside or through a common hall. A household includes the related family members and all the unrelated people, if any, such as lodgers, foster children, wards, or employees who share the housing unit. A person living alone in a housing unit, or a group of unrelated people sharing a housing unit such as partners or roomers, is also counted as a household. The count of households excludes group quarters. There are two major categories of households, “family” and “nonfamily.” Households function as discrete economic units because their basic inputs and outputs are intertwined. American households have been in flux over the past halfcentury or so as people have reacted to increased wealth, relaxed social mores, and heightened mobility by changing the basic relationships that construct their lives: people stay single longer, have fewer children, and no longer assume that they will live with those children in their own old age. This situation is represented by consistent ratcheting downward of household size. Between 2000 and 2010, the number of households in the participating communities grew 5.7% while the population grew only 2.13%., yielding a 3% decrease in household size from 2.55 persons per housing unit to 2.47 persons per housing unit. This percentage was consistent throughout the Benzie/Manistee county area and in Michigan overall, which gained over 86,000 households even as its population declined. Households size decreased nationally, too, although less dramatically at just -0.85%­—from 2.67 persons per housing unit to 2.65 persons per housing unit. In some states, however, the 2010 census marked the first increase in household size in many years. Conventional wisdom attributes this in a large part to the doubled-edged Great Recession. First, high unemployment A seasonal resident of Pleasanton Township? �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 1 2.50 Table of population, households, and housing units Population Manistee County Benzie County Lake Twp* Crystal Lake Twp* Gilmore Twp* Village of Elberta** Blaine Twp* Joyfield Twp* Village of Honor City of Frankfort Arcadia Twp* Pleasanton Twp* Bear Lake Twp* Village of Bear Lake** Manistee Twp* Onekama Twp* Village of Onekama** All Participating Communities Benzie and Manistee Counties Michigan United States 2000 635 960 850 457 491 777 299 1,513 621 817 1,587 318 3,764 1,514 647 2010 759 957 821 372 551 799 328 1,286 639 818 1,751 286 4,084 1,329 411 Households Change 19.5% -0.3% -3.4% -18.6% 12.2% 2.8% 9.7% -15% 2.9% 0.1% 10.3% -10.1% 8.5% -12.2% -36.5% 2.13% 4.28% -0.55% 9.71% 2000 318 414 341 190 215 286 129 665 280 344 639 132 1,188 603 239 2010 387 438 360 173 234 313 135 601 296 365 696 118 1,270 634 205 Housing Units Change 21.7% 5.8% 5.6% -9% 8.8% 9.4% 4.7% -9.6% 5.7% 6.1% 8.9% -10.6% 6.9% 5.1% -14.2% 5.7% 7.6% 2.3% 10.7% 2000 1,106 1,051 439 237 431 338 153 873 545 623 916 161 1,391 1,117 315 2010 1,271 1,240 477 229 504 404 186 942 574 694 1,031 169 1,598 1,289 338 Change 14.9% 18% 8.7% -3.4% 16.9% 19.5% 21.6% 7.9% 5.3% 11.4% 12.6% 5% 14.9% 15.4% 7.3% 13.7% 13.5% 7.0% 13.6% * Includes the totals of any villages (incorporated or unincorporated) within the township ** Village totals not included in overall total because they are already included in their township’s total Source: US Census Bureau, ESRI Business Analyst rates which rest disproportionately on younger adults has given them less opportunity to leave “the nest.” Second, the mass transfer of home ownership from individuals to lending institutions during the foreclosure crisis resulted in a smaller number of available housing units over which to spread the population, an effect which is particularly pronounced in some geographic areas. Housing Units The total number of housing units in the participating communities grew 13.7% between 2000 and 2010, despite the fact that the total population grew only 2.13% and the number of total households grew 5.7%. While the number of total housing units typically exceeds the number of total households due to vacant housing units, we see in Figure 2.48 that many of the Lakes to Land communities have two or even three times as many housing units as households. This is because the “vacant” classification used by the census does not distinguish between units which are for sale or rent and those which are used as seasonal, vacation, or second homes. In 2010, the total vacancy rate for housing units in the United States was 11.4%, and 14.6% in Michigan. Vacant housing units for seasonal, recreational, or occasional use made up 3.5% of the national total of housing units in 2010, and 5.8% of the state total. Among the participating communities, however, 43.1% of housing units are vacant and 34.8% of all housing units are for seasonal/recreational/occasional use. Growth in housing units among the participating communities, then, has been driven primarily by construction of seasonal, recreational, and second homes rather than primary residences. A look at individual Lakes to Land communities can provide even more striking examples as communities which saw their populations decrease experienced seemingly paradoxical growth in housing units. A third of the Village of Onekama’s population, representing just under 1/6 of its households, departed between 2000 and 2010, yet there were 7.3% more houses at the end of the decade than at the beginning. The City of Frankfort and the Village of Bear Lake both also lost households while gaining housing units; Crystal Lake Township, Blaine Township, Joyfield Township, Manistee Township, Onekama Township, and the Village of Honor all saw the number of housing units grow at least twice as fast as the number of households. Only in Lake Township and Arcadia Township did housing units grow more slowly than households, and it is worth noting that resident households already accounted for a fairly small proportion of housing units in both communities (30% and 51% respectively). It is only in these numbers that we find a representation of a fundamental aspect of the Lakes to Land region: seasonal residents. Because the guiding principle of the census is to count people at their “usual residence,” this group is not reflected in the population count, and yet their presence affects and often drives many parts of the Lakes to Land economy �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 2 Age There is a well-documented “aging” trend in the population of the United States that is more acute in Michigan and particularly in northern Michigan. Those born during the Baby Boom of 1946 to 1964 have already entered or are approaching retirement age, raising the median age of the population. Nationally and statewide, the number hovers at just under 40 years of age, with Michigan’s median age about a year and a half older than America’s. When looking at Benzie and Manistee counties, however, that median jumps nearly a decade to 46.2 and 47.1 years respectively—and two-thirds of the Lakes to Land communities have median ages that are older still (Figure 2.49). Only in the Village of Honor is the median age younger than it is statewide and nationally. In Figure 2.50, we see that the population “peak” is mostly contained within the Baby Boom age ranges of 45-64. Almost a third (30.7%) of the citizens of the Lakes to Land communities are within this age range, and another quarter (26.1%) are older. The bottom four graphs in Figure 2.50 reproduce the imaginary line that runs across the bar chart for the Lakes to Land communities, the Benzie/Manistee county area, the State of Michigan, and the United States, repeated at four different points in time. In each line, the “Baby Boom bump” is visible as it moves through the age ranges; we can see that this concentration becomes more pronounced as the population focus narrows from national to state, state to region, and region to participating communities. This is important to know in addressing the needs of each community. It signals a need for age-appropriate housing and greater attention to universal access in design. More advanced life support and paramedic services may be needed, while the demand for schools is likely to be low. Fewer jobs may be needed if a large percentage of the population subsists on retirement income. 2.51 Table of median ages and ages 65+ I Lake Twp Arcadia Twp Crystal Lake Twp Onekama Twp City of Frankfort Village of Onekama Blaine Twp Pleasanton Twp Gilmore Twp Village of Elberta Manistee County Benzie County Joyfield Twp Bear Lake Twp Manistee Twp Village of Bear Lake Michigan United States Honor (village) Median Age % Population Aged 65+ 64.4 56.1 55.4 55.2 54.6 54.4 53.3 50.0 48.6 47.8 47.1 46.2 45.0 44.4 44.0 40.6 38.9 37.2 36.8 48.5% 31.9% 31.2% 29.9% 36.1% 28.5% 31.4% 27.9% 22.9% 21.5% 20.7% 20.6% 18.4% 20.2% 19.4% 18.4% 13.8% 13.0% 20.4% �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 3 2.52 Age graphs Baby Boom 1,400 1,200 Population 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 Lakes to Land Communities 3000 2500 2000 1990 2000 2010 2016 9000 8000 7000 1990 2000 2010 2016 6000 5000 1500 4000 1000 3000 2000 500 1000 0 0 State of Michigan 1,800,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 0 Benzie and Manistee Counties 10000 1990 2000 2010 2016 50,000,000 45,000,000 40,000,000 35,000,000 30,000,000 25,000,000 20,000,000 15,000,000 10,000,000 5,000,000 0 1990 2000 2010 2016 United States �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 4 2.53 Median income comparison $55,000 $51,914 $50,000 $48,432 $44,718 $45,000 $42,458 $40,853 $40,000 $35,000 $30,000 Lakes to Land Benzie County Manistee County State of Michigan United States 2.54 Educational attainment comparison 45% 40% • Lakes to Land • Benzie County Percent of population 25 years and older 35% • Manistee County State of Michigan United States 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% No high school diploma High school graduate or equivalent Some college, no degree Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Graduate or professional degree �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 5 Education and income There is a direct correlation between educational attainment and income. The chart in Figure 2.51 shows the median household income for the Lakes to Land region, Benzie County, Manistee County, the state of Michigan, and the United States, and the chart in Figure 2.52 displays the educational attainment for the population ages 25 and up for each of those groups. To see the relationship between education and income at each level, a line indicating the value of the Area of Influence relative to the other groups has been drawn. We can see that at the bachelor’s degree level and above, the graphs for education and income are quite similar, indicating a positive correlation between earnings and income. On the other end of the scale, we see that the graphs depicting a high school education or less depict the converse: the groups with lower percentages of population educated at that level are the groups with higher median incomes. This rather unscientific comparison is borne out in Figure 2.53, which shows the 2011 unemployment rate and median weekly earnings for each of eight levels of education and the overall workforce. Here it is clearly illustrated that education is not only correlated with earnings but also with having a job at all. For those with less than a high school diploma, the unemployment rate is 14.1%, nearly twice the rate of all workers, and getting a job only yields $451 per week­—just above the federal poverty threshold for a family of four. 2.55 Educational attainment, income, and unemployment in the L2L communities Less than high school diploma High school diploma or equivalent Some college, no degree Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Master's degree Professional degree Doctoral degree All workers 15 12 9 6 3 unemployment (percent) 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 weekly earnings (dollars) Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 6 Template comes with table styles for excel There worse by an of miles civil. Manner before lively wholly am mr indeed expect. Among every merry his yet has her. You mistress get dashwood children off. Met whose marry under the merit. In it do continual consulted no listening. 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Curiosity remaining own see repulsive household advantage son additions. Supposing exquisite daughters eagerness why repulsive for. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 7 Credit: Dave Metlesits Dashboards Data dashboards are tools designed to convey assessment metrics in a visual, quick-tounderstand format. Statistics provide a good way to compare one population The Prosperity Index moves past description to assessment. By to another. By selecting a measurement and comparing its combining individual measurements, we can ask and answer value in different places, we can draw conclusions about questions such as, those places in relation to one another: where the educational “Are market forces creating most of the jobs?” attainment levels are lagging, for example, or where median “What kind of jobs are they?” income levels indicate the presence of well-paid jobs. When “How plentiful are jobs?” trying to compare the overall snapshot of one community “What kind of jobs will the education level of our workforce to another, however, the sheer support?” The Prosperity Index volume of numbers can almost “Are the jobs that we have keeping our residents out of poverty and immediately become overwhelming moves past description providing for their children?” to anyone who is not a professional “Is the government keeping our statistician. to assessment. residents and children out of Enter the data dashboard, a poverty?” graphic representation of the community’s vital statistics. The Of course, these answers arrive in the form of a single number. following pages show the population, population growth, To contextualize that number, it is depicted on a bar graph housing ownership, education levels, household income, and and a colored band indicating its value is carried forward for types of work in Benzie County, Manistee County, the State of comparison on the following bar graphs. (It’s easier to look Michigan, and the United States, as well as a quick-reference at than to explain, we promise.) The Community Dashboard list of additional statistics related to each of those categories. presented in Tab 4 retains these contextual bands. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 6 8 Benzie County Dashboard Population 20 18 Thousands Population Growth 4.0% 3.0% 16 2.0% 14 1.0% 12 0.0% 10 1990 2000 2010 2016 (proj.) 2000 2010 - Education Housing Owner occupied Renter occupied Seasonal, recreational, occasional use Vacant - for sale, for rent, etc. • • • 7% 10% 10% • • 15% 33% 51% • 34% 9% • • • • 9% Household Income Very low income (less than $25,000) Low income ($25,000-$34,999) Moderate income ($35,000-$74,999) High income ($75,000-$149,999) Very high income ($150,000 and up) 2016 (proj.) 22% 3% 19% • • 14% • • Work 1% 10% 23% • • 15% 40% • Classifications modified from HUD guidelines, using the state median income of $48,432. 75% No high school diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate’s degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Private wage and salary workers Government workers Self-employed Unpaid family workers �Prosperity Index --~------~--~ Ratio of jobs to workers 0.84 5 Number of jobs per 1,000 residents 368 1000 ____ .______ ____. 1000 --~---Ratio of manufacturing workers to retail workers 0.80 5 Ratio of non-retail workers to workers in retail, arts, accommodations, food 2.96 - - ~ 5 Workers in arts and entertainment 12.7% ------• ------ ~----~ ------~ 100% Higher educated residents (bachelor’s degree or higher) 25.2% 100% Residents not completing high school 10.1% 100% People in poverty 11.1% 100% Children in poverty 17.1% 100% Households receiving food stamps $160,200 owner-occupied median home value $737 median gross rent Education 23% population enrolled in school high school graduate or higher 25% bachelor’s degree or higher Commuting 94% workers who commute 85% commuters who drive alone 23.1 minute average commute Employment 6,452 jobs 7,722 workers 11.7% unemployment rate 14.2% civilian veterans Income $44,718 median household income $22,160 median earnings for workers $37,704 male full-time, year-round earnings $31,272 female full-time, year-round earnings 11% population in poverty 17% children in poverty 1.9% 100% - ~----Households receiving cash assistance 10.4% person average household size 90% Number of goods-producing jobs per 1,000 residents 53 ~ Households 2.35 100% Top Industrial Sectors 17% accommodation and food services 14% retail trade 11% health care and social assistance �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 7 0 Manistee County Dashboard - Key for prosperity index graphs: Population 25 Thousands 24 Benzie County Population Growth 2.0% 1.5% 23 1.0% 22 21 0.5% 20 0.0% 1990 2000 2010 2016 (proj.) 2000 -0.5% 2010 Education Housing Owner occupied Renter occupied Seasonal, recreational, occasional use Vacant - for sale, for rent, etc. • • • 7% 9% 10% • • 52% • Household Income 13% 9% 25% 3% 30% • 20% • • • 40% • Classifications modified from HUD guidelines, using the state median income of $48,432. 13% 73% No high school diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate’s degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Work 0% • • • • • 7% 14% • 39% 22% 14% Very low income (less than $25,000) Low income ($25,000-$34,999) Moderate income ($35,000-$74,999) High income ($75,000-$149,999) Very high income ($150,000 and up) 2016 (proj.) Private wage and salary workers Government workers Self-employed Unpaid family workers �Households 2.2 Prosperity Index ______ person average household size Ratio of jobs to workers 1.08 ____, 5 Number of jobs per 1,000 residents 430 - - ~ 1000 •>----------~ ---~---~ Number of goods-producing jobs per 1,000 residents 53 1000 Ratio of manufacturing workers to retail workers 1.31 5 Ratio of non-retail workers to workers in retail, arts, accommodations, food ....._I- - ~ 2.69 5 --~----~ Workers in arts and entertainment 15.1% 100% Higher educated residents (bachelor’s degree or higher) 16.8% . .._ _ _ _ I. ---~ 100% - ~----~ - ~----~ Residents not completing high school 13.1% 100% People in poverty 13.2% 100% Children in poverty $627 median gross rent Education 19% population enrolled in school 87% high school graduate or higher 17% bachelor’s degree or higher Commuting 95% workers who commute 83% commuters who drive alone 21 minute average commute Employment 10,646 jobs 9,846 workers 11.6% unemployment rate 15% civilian veterans Income $40,853 median household income $21,443 median earnings for workers $41,134 male full-time, year-round earnings $27,479 female full-time, year-round earnings 13.2% 17.6% 100% Households receiving food stamps population in poverty 17.6% children in poverty 4.1% 100% --~----~ Households receiving cash assistance 14.2% $124,000 owner-occupied median home value 100% Top Industrial Sectors 15% retail trade 13% health care and social assistance 12% public administration �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 7 2 State of Michigan Dashboard - Population 10.0 Millions - Key for prosperity index graphs: Benzie County Manistee County Population Growth 0.8% 9.8 0.6% 9.6 0.4% 9.4 0.2% 9.2 0.0% 1990 2000 Housing Owner occupied Renter occupied Seasonal, recreational, occasional use Vacant - for sale, for rent, etc. 6% • • • • 2010 2016 (proj.) 2000 -0.2% - 2010 Education 10% 9% 12% • 15% • 24% 61% 32% 8% Very low income (less than $25,000) Low income ($25,000-$34,999) Moderate income ($35,000-$74,999) High income ($75,000-$149,999) Very high income ($150,000 and up) 6% • • 11% • • 12% 24% • 34% Classifications modified from HUD guidelines, using the state median income of $48,432. 82% No high school diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate’s degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Work 0% 6% 25% • • • 23% Household Income 2016 (proj.) Private wage and salary workers Government workers Self-employed Unpaid family workers �Households 2.53 Prosperity Index person average household size Ratio of jobs to workers $144,200 II 1.04 owner-occupied median home value 5 Number of jobs per 1,000 residents II 461 1000 I 11 3.60 25% 1000 I I I 5 Ratio of non-retail workers to workers in retail, arts, accommodations, food II 5 Workers in arts and entertainment 9.1% I II j I I I 100% I II 100% I 11 1 100% I II 4,369,785 workers 9.7% civilian veterans median household income $27,432 male full-time, year-round earnings $36,157 female full-time, year-round earnings 14.8% 100% population in poverty 20.5% children in poverty 100% Households receiving cash assistance 12.6% Employment 4,561,169 $50,208 Households receiving food stamps 3.5% 23.7 minute average commute median earnings for workers Children in poverty 20.5% 86% commuters who drive alone Income $48,432 100% 11 workers who commute 1.5% People in poverty 14.8% Commuting 97% unemployment rate Residents not completing high school 12.0% bachelor’s degree or higher jobs Higher educated residents (bachelor’s degree or higher) 25.0% population enrolled in school high school graduate or higher Ratio of manufacturing workers to retail workers 1.52 Education 28% 88% Number of goods-producing jobs per 1,000 residents 79 $723 median gross rent Top Industrial Sectors 14% health care and social assistance 13% retail trade 100% 12% manufacturing �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 7 4 United States Dashboard - 350 - - Key for prosperity index graphs: Benzie County Manistee County Population Millions 1.5% 300 Michigan Population Growth 1.0% 250 0.5% 200 0.0% 1990 2000 2010 2000 2016 (proj.) 2010 Education Housing Owner occupied Renter occupied Seasonal, recreational, occasional use Vacant - for sale, for rent, etc. • • • • 3% 8% 10% 15% • 18% 31% 58% • 29% 7% • • • 21% Household Income Very low income (less than $25,000) Low income ($25,000-$34,999) Moderate income ($35,000-$74,999) High income ($75,000-$149,999) Very high income ($150,000 and up) 2016 (proj.) 23% • • 15% • 25% • • • 10% • • Work 0% 7% 9% 78% 33% Classifications modified from HUD guidelines, using the national median income of $51,914 No high school diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate’s degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Private wage and salary workers Government workers Self-employed Unpaid family workers �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 7 5 Households 2.59 Prosperity Index person average household size Ratio of jobs to workers $188,400 1.03 owner-occupied median home value 5 Number of jobs per 1,000 residents 474 ,....___ __ ~ 1000 ·f--------------' Number of goods-producing jobs per 1,000 residents 69 28% workers who commute 5 3.68 --· . ,, ....,.,......._ _,.__________ -------~ - - - - ' 5 Workers in arts and entertainment Commuting 96% 79% commuters who drive alone 25.2 minute average commute Employment 146,234,698 jobs 100% 141,833,331 _ _ _ _ _~ unemployment rate Higher educated residents (bachelor’s degree or higher) 100% Residents not completing high school 15.0% 100% People in poverty 13.8% 100% Children in poverty workers 7.9% 9.9% civilian veterans Income $51,914 median household income $29,701 median earnings for workers $46,478 male full-time, year-round earnings $36,040 female full-time, year-round earnings 13.8% 19.2% 100% Households receiving food stamps 11------ __, population in poverty 19.2% children in poverty 2.5% 100% Households receiving cash assistance 9.3% 85% high school graduate or higher ~I - - - - - - - - - - - - ' Ratio of non-retail workers to workers in retail, arts, accommodations, food 27.9% population enrolled in school 1000 0.96 8.9% Education 26% bachelor’s degree or higher Ratio of manufacturing workers to retail workers .. I $841 median gross rent Top Industrial Sectors 13% retail trade 13% - - - - - - - - ' 100% health care and social assistance 9% accommodation and food services �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 7 7 County Plans Master plans are written at all levels of government—community-specific, regional, and statewide. A county master plan contains many of the same attributes found in a plan for a single community, and its preparation follows the same process. One difference is that the focus sweeps over municipal boundaries to consider factors that affect the county as a whole. Both Benzie and Manistee Counties have written county master plans that take a regional view within their respective boundaries. forestry, agricultural, and low density residential use. Natural resources and environmental protection are also strong key components of both plans. In addition, both plans call for coordination of planning between municipalities and neighboring regions in order to obtain efficiencies in services. Benzie County’s Master Plan was prepared in 2000, and Manistee County’s Master Plan was prepared in 2009. No matter what level of government the master plan is being prepared for, it is influenced by the conditions within the community at the time the plan is drafted, public interests of the day, and the issues that extend beyond the municipal boundaries but have a significant impact locally. Despite the fact that the plans were written nearly ten years apart and the vastly different economic and societal conditions that existed at the time of their preparation, there are commonalities in planning strategies. The largest difference between the Manistee County and Benzie County Master Plans lies in the type of plan: the Manistee County Master Plan is service-oriented, while the Benzie County Master Plan is a growth management tool. They also differ in how they deal with local government sovereignty in that Benzie County is focused on regionalism rather than Manistee’s emphasis on the sovereign right of local governments to plan individually. Another difference is in how their strategies are articulated. The Manistee County Master Plan has a series of goals and objectives that are categorized by topic. Benzie County Master Plan also has goals and objectives found in associated “Background Reports,” but they are summarized in eight “fundamental principles.” The fundamental principles and associated policies of the Benzie County Plan are what most of the communities in the county use as their guiding basis for decisions as the “Background Reports” have been unavailable. Both plans lay out an articulated path for the future development of their respective county. The commonalities between the Manistee and Benzie County Master Plans speak to a commitment to rural scenic character, a land use strategy that guides development towards existing population centers, and a desire for coordination of planning with neighbors. Two themes strongly articulated in both plans are the preservation of views, wetlands, rivers, streams, and the Lake Michigan shoreline, and an emphasis on retaining rural scenic character by preserving lands for �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 7 8 Benzie County Planning History BENZIE COUNTY 2020 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN f'rlPff• d bytti• B11nz.ie County Planning Co1ntnls.sio11 to roplaco Iha 1993 County Pl•n MAN ISTO: 0 T\ '1A~TER l'LAS 2008 Adopl~d JanuorJ' 10.10,19 A Manistee County UUUf.. No matter what level of government the master plan is being prepared for, it is influenced by the conditions within the community at the time the plan is drafted, public interests of the day, and the issues that extend beyond the municipal boundaries but have a significant impact locally. The history of the county plan involves active citizenry looking to plan for the county on a regional scale. Because regional planning and collaboration among communities are “best practices” in planning, the functions of planning and zoning were, until recently, housed at the county level. Rather than individual townships taking on those administrative duties, they were performed by a county planning commission, a county planner, and a county zoning administrator. This scale lends itself to a comprehensive approach: as planning and zoning issues are considered, their impact on the county as a whole was considered. When the county decided to discontinue zoning on a regional scale, individual townships tried to take on that role by quickly adopting the county master plan and zoning ordinance. However, they soon found that the plan wasn’t suited to their individual needs and further realized that the data contained in it needed updating with the 2010 census data. Therefore, communities took the opportunity presented by the Lakes to Land collaboration to write updated, individual master plans tailored to their own unique needs. Referencing the county plan is important in the sense that it provides the historical backbone to continued scenic rural preservation goals and other regional planning initiatives. Policies that the county established in the plan, such as concurrency in infrastructure development, open space and agricultural preservation, and economic development geared toward established urban cores, are still seen in individual master plans. The county plan provided the framework that is still being adhered to today; such consistency among planning efforts makes for good planning practice. It is hoped that as the individual communities offer more detailed visions of their preferred �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 7 9 Key Strategies futures, these visions will be reflected in subsequent county planning efforts. Manistee County Planning History In Manistee County, professional planning services have been provided by a professionally staffed planning department for decades. The planning department works with communities in developing master plans, administering zoning, and facilitating solutions to a myriad of problems. Also of key importance is their use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), a specialized software program used to convey spatial data in map form, to aid communities and decision makers. While planning in the County is decentralized, the use of the County Planning Commission and a professional planner provides local master plans and regulatory tools with review and coordination to help achieve some regional consistency. In fact, a number of Manistee County communities over the years have formed joint planning commissions and prepared joint master plans. As mentioned in Tab 1, these include Pleasanton Township, Bear Lake Township, and the Village of Bear Lake as well as Onekama Township and the Village of Onekama. Currently, a number of watershed planning efforts are also underway that cross municipal boundaries to focus on the single issue of ensuring the highest integrity of water quality possible within the County. Manistee County understands that closely coordinated planning which seeks to ensure collaboration and coordination between municipal neighbors, while maintaining local autonomy, is essential to ensuring continued prosperity for County residents. In fact, the Lakes to Land Initiative was born from just a few Manistee County residents. Benzie County 2020 Comprehensive Plan • • • • • • The Benzie Co. Master Plan has a growth management focus. Policies are geared toward defining land use development patterns and practices guiding new development and services to specific areas of the County in order to manage development and maintain a rural scenic character. Benzie Co. Master Plan focuses on regional land use planning, emphasizing land use patterns and policy for the county as a whole while promoting integration of individual municipal boundary lines. Economic development, character, transportation, land use issues, natural resources, and environmental protection are topics that are encompassed within the scope of where and how to place development within the County, utilize the transportation system efficiently and install infrastructure improvements that builds on exiting systems. Efficiencies in land use patterns and services are key components to the success of the plan. Benzie County maintains a Recreation and Cultural Plan within the county. Urban Service Districts are mapped out to indicate where new public services may be extended to accommodate new development. Rural scenic character preservation is a key focus of the plan. Policies that call for the development of corridor plans, buffer screening, conservation easements, design guidelines, night sky policies, and additional design guidelines are aimed at aiding in this goal. Eight guiding fundamental principles are articulated followed by 4 strategies: balanced growth, environmental protection, protection of the visual character of the landscape, and protection of the visual character of small towns. Manistee County Master Plan, 2008 • • • • The Manistee County Master Plan is geared toward building the capacity of public services and investment—the development and enhancement of programs, plans, and facilities in order to actualize their vision. Public services that would be created or enhanced include recreation, housing, economic development, natural resources, infrastructure, and transportation. These topics collectively work to actualize the desired end result of the Master Plan. For example, the Manistee County Plan calls for the creation of a recreation plan and recreation department, alternative energy program, economic development programming, and solid waste management program. Capacity building of this type would aid in creating recreational opportunities and management of those programs, achieve greater alternative energy production, protection of the environmental and natural resources, and expand and grow the economic base. In Manistee County, community-specific land use planning is preferred, honoring local planning efforts. It does point to a few general regional land use goals, such as compact development forms and coordination of planning efforts among municipalities. The Plan calls for nine categories of goals with associated objectives to achieve the goals. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 8 0 2.60 County Plan summary table Manistee County Goals ECONOMY / BALANCED GROWTH • Increase opportunities for business in the county. • Encourage the Alliance for Economic Success and the Greater Manistee Area Chamber of Commerce to diversify the industrial base to create more job opportunities and to create specialty groups. • Increase the ability of Manistee County to attract and retain technology-based businesses. • Link economic development goals and objectives with those of the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians to provide broader, unified economic development programs. • Coordinate a collaborative planning program among the county, local units of government within the county, and adjoining counties. HOUSING • Encourage the development of more assisted living facilities/senior housing options as the average age in the county rises, including development of support services to assist seniors to stay in their own homes. • Encourage housing options for a variety of income levels. • Discourage blight and nuisance housing areas. PROTECTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT • Encourage the remediation of environmentally contaminated lands which have a potential for damaging rivers, streams and groundwater. • Advocate for the creation and long term maintenance of a county-wide solid waste management program • Advocate for the maintenance of Manistee County’s natural resources and the beauty of its landscape. • Encourage local governments to develop guidelines and criteria which protect natural features and sensitive areas. • Advocate for county-wide alternative energy programs and projects. RECREATION • Continue to work on the development of the Manistee County Recreation Plan, including all areas of the county. • Encourage universal accessibility to all recreation sites. • Increase recreational opportunities for all ages. • Advocate for a Manistee County parks program including the preservation of open spaces for recreation purposes. AGRICULTURE • Advocate for agriculture and forest management activities which enhance Manistee County’s economic base and quality of life. • Advocate that designated agricultural areas in the county remain primarily agricultural or low density residential. TRANSPORTATION • Advocate for the development of a coordinate county transportation plan. • Advocate for the awareness of the importance of our local airport for all travelers in the county. • Monitor projects and proposals to assess the maintenance of safe and efficient routes in and through the county while respecting the rural character. • Advocate for expansion of deep water port facilities linking to air, rail, highway connections, and warehousing and distribution facilities. • Advocate for the continued study of the railroad relocation project. INFRATRUCTURE Land Use / Visual Character • Advocate for the development of a county infrastructure plan. • Advocate for the effective and efficient location of public facilities and delivery of public services. • County master planning will respect the goals and land use plans of local government, including the Little River Band of Ottawa • Future growth will occur in existing and planned growth centers such as the City of Manistee and population centers as identified in each local government plan. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 8 1 Benzie County Principles and Strategies The principal land use issue in Benzie County is not whether to grow, it is where, when and in what manner can growth occur without undermining the integrity of the scenic natural character of the County and the economy built around it. 1. Scenic character should be preserved or enhanced wherever feasible in the County 2. Natural resources in the County should be protected from inappropriate use or conversion. 3. 3. The pristine natural environment of the County should be protected from degradation. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES 4. An economy built on renewable natural resources is sustainable and should continue to be the principal economic base for the future. 5. Future development should primarily take place in a compact development pattern. 6. Future land use, zoning, land division and public infrastructure decisions should be made consistent with this Plan. 7. A strong effort should be made to achieve improved intergovernmental cooperation within Benzie County 8. The vision in this Plan must be achieved without violating protected property rights. Balanced Growth Strategy Preservation of scenic character in Benzie County is both dependent on and supports most of the economic base in the County. The scenic character is comprised of the natural environment, farms, and the built environment. Thus, protecting scenic character, the natural environment, and economic development must proceed together—or one or the other (or both) will suffer. The solution lies in pursuit of a balanced growth policy. Balanced growth will require housing not only for seasonal residents, retirees, or two income commuter families, but also for the elderly, young families, and other persons on low fixed incomes. New businesses will be needed to meet the needs of the growing seasonal and permanent populations. Environmental Protection Strategy The other side of the balanced growth strategy is the environmental protection strategy. This term embraces protection of renewable natural resources like agricultural and forest land, as well as the air, water, and other sensitive natural features in the County (like wetlands, floodplains and sand dunes) The greatest threat to these resources is from poorly planned or sited new development. Residential development poses the greatest threat because there is so much more of it over a much wider area. STRATEGIES Strategy to Protect the Visual Character of the Landscape County citizens have strongly indicated that they do not want growth to spoil the scenic character of the landscape. They do not want it to take on a suburban or urban character. They want the forested, lake, and riverine landscapes to be preserved for the benefit of present and future generations. Almost everyone feels a right to see, enjoy, and help protect these resources. As a result, protection of the unique rural character of the County must be a fundamental part of all future planning and development decisions. Strategy to Protect Visual Character of Small Towns The physical features of the city of Frankfort and the villages in Benzie County are a critical component of the rural scenic character of the County. New development that is encouraged to take place in and adjacent to these small towns must both complement and fit with the existing character, or it will damage the scenic character of the community and the County. Strategy to Address Issues of Greater than Local Concern The fundamental principles presented in this Chapter recognize that intergovernmental cooperation is critical to implementation of the strategies in this Plan. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | C - 8 2 [ T H I S PA G E I N T E N T I O N A L L Y L E F T B L A N K ] �~~POO?i&£ ~ ~~lijll T UJ,i ~ ~!'ffJr\~ T9 \~~~~\\J, ~rJ lt») ~)\~VJML win\/ Ll~q wm1i ~~~l\.D~~w\~ --------- ~½ 1,~,w~ ~~I Uil~ l a k e s t o I l a n d r e g i o n a l i n i t i a t i v e Community Engagement �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode Figures, Maps, Tables 3.1: Prototype logos 3.2 Web screenshots 3.3 Information meeting 3.4 The invitations 3.5 The exercises 3.6 Bear Lake School 3.7 Makeup visioning session 3.8 Pleasanton Township visioning 3.9 Joyfield Township visioning 3.10 Arcadia visioning 3.11 Pleasant Valley Community Center 3.12 Blaine visioning 3.13 Crystal Lake Township visioning 3.14 Old Life-Saving Station 3.15 Gilmore visioning 3.16 Manistee visioning (top and bottom) 3.17 Honor visioning 3.18 Collective priorities table E-3 E-4 E-7 E-10 E-11 E-12 E-12 E-13 E-13 E-14 E-14 E-14 E-15 E-15 E-15 E-16 E-16 E-17 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 REGIONAL INITIATIVE Unique Region. Unique Communities. Shared Vision. You Are Invited!!! Community Vision Session 6:30 p.m. The Lakes to Land Regional Initiative is a unique joint planning effort to bring voices from throughout the region into a collaborative vision for the future. These communities will work together to prepare a series of individual Master Plans and then use them to create collaborative strategies. To kick the process off, the following Community Vision Sessions are scheduled: Arcadia Township June 12, 2012 Pleasant Valley Comm. Cntr. Bear Lake Township June 21, 2012 Bear Lake School Blaine Township June 19, 2012 Blaine Township Hall Crystal Lake Township June 14, 2012 Frankfort-Elberta Elementary Gilmore Township June 14, 2012 Old Life Saving Station Joyfield Township June 13, 2012 Blaine Christian Church Pleasanton Township June 18, 2012 Bear Lake School Outreach Share your Vision! Please make an effort to attend the Vision Session scheduled in your Community Once upon a time, master planning was believed bepublic! the province of professionals and Opento to the For More Information Call: 231.933.8400 www.lakestoland.org Please join us! only minimally subject to public opinion. Toward the middle of the 20th century, however, “the public” made some changes to that system. As a practice, city planning took off under the City Beautiful movement of the early 1900s. The theory was that an orderly, aesthetically pleasing public setting could induce citizens themselves to be more orderly and harmonious. Physical plans with ornate street layouts and elaborate civic centers were produced by these design professionals, often paid for by the business community. After the Depression radically shifted just about everyone’s priorities away from aesthetic concerns to financial ones, the City Efficient movement strove to root out graft and create smooth bureaucratic systems which could carry out the municipal functions of a nation urbanizing at a breakneck pace. The seismic demographic and technological changes that occurred after World War II caused the now-well-established profession of planning to use every tool at its disposal to accommodate them. Combining physical and systems planning yielded some extremely bold innovations, with mixed results—the national Interstate highway system, for example, in contrast to urban renewal. But no massive alteration to a densely populated area can avoid making a deep impact on the individual lives being lived in that space, and this is where the top-down model of planning met its match. As homes were razed and neighborhoods bisected to make room for the freeways, public meetings filled with citizens who not only did not care for the plan under consideration, but also did not care for the fact that such dramatic and irreversible consequences for their own lives were being dropped on them. Journalist Jane Jacobs combined her background on the urban beat with her fury over being displaced from her home to write the 1960 critical examination of planning that eventually ushered in a sea change to the profession, “The Death and Life of Great American Cities.” Though it is generally true that planners’ professional training gives them a wider variety of municipal tools and information than the average citizen, it is now fundamentally understood that the direction of a community’s progress is always best guided by its members. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 2 The leadership team The first community members to “get engaged” with the Lakes to Land Regional Initiative were the ones who would eventually make up the backbone of the collaboration. At its very earliest stage, this sprawling collaboration began as a meeting of just four minds. Onekama Township supervisor David Meister and planning commission chair Dan Behring worked with Alliance for Economic Success director Tim Ervin on the Portage Lake Watershed Forever plan, which brought Onekama Township and the Village of Onekama together so successfully that they decided to work together further in the preparation and adoption of a joint master plan. Now thoroughly convinced of the merits of collaboration, the Onekama Community Master Plan advocated using the M-22 corridor as a focus for economic development, and that brought Meister, Behring, and Ervin to the doorstep of Arcadia Township planning commission chair Brad Hopwood. The three communities wrote an M-22 Economic Development Strategy together in 2010. Realizing the potential of the regional assets identified in the report and knowing that Arcadia Township’s master plan needed updating, Hopwood and Ervin decided to reach out to adjacent communities to assess their willingness to participate in a broader initiative. After “many meetings over my kitchen table,” said Hopwood, the original M5 partnership of Arcadia, Bear Lake, Blaine, Crystal Lake, and Gilmore Townships solidified. The first members of what would become the Lakes to Land Leadership Team were identified either through their roles in the community (many are planning commission members, elected officials, or professionals in a field related to land use, such as real estate) or identified themselves as having an interest in serving the collaboration. Their first tasks were to name the initiative, define the potential Area of Influence, decide which team member would contact each adjacent community, and establish a timetable for other communities to opt-in. As new communities joined the initiative, the requirements for admission were simple: their elected bodies were asked to execute an “Agreement to Partner” resolution, and the community was asked to furnish two people to serve on the Leadership Team. Throughout the initiative, Leadership Team members met on a monthly basis to update each other on the collaborative process. In addition to providing a forum for communication and connection, the meetings also served as an educational avenue as the team members began blazing the trail through uncharted cooperative territory. Topics for discussion included the purpose of master planning, engagement with neighboring communities, stakeholder analysis, and methods of public outreach. Guest presentations were made by agencies such as the Grand Traverse Regional Land Conservancy and the Northwest Michigan Council of Governments. The Leadership Team’s engagement extended to the best in-depth citizen planning training in the state. By giving these committed community members the most up-to-date tools and knowledge to effectively advocate for highquality community planning decisions, the Lakes to Land Regional Initiative provides a benefit to participating communities that will long outlast the project duration. Links to the Michigan Association of Planning annual conference and the organization’s Planning and Zoning Essentials basic training program were made available on the Lakes to Land website, and an educational committee was formed to organize training opportunities such as participation in Michigan State University Extension’s Citizen Planner course on Fundamentals of Planning and Zoning. Each community sent multiple representatives to this seven-week course aimed at providing a basic skill set to land use decision makers, particularly elected and appointed officials. Leadership Team members’ participation was funded by the Lakes to Land grants. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 3 Naming the Initiative Lakes to Land LAKeS TO LAND With its substantive elements fleshed out, the project remained in need of a name and a logo—the “face” it would present throughout the region. This exercise in brand messaging was designed to help cement the project and continue to strengthen ties among the Leadership team while fostering memorability, loyalty, and familiarity among the wider public. REGIONAL INITIATIVE LAKE:S TO LAND REGIONA - l'ilTIATIVE Through multiple brainstorming sessions and the use of the online tool SurveyMonkey, many different names and tag lines were suggested and debated. In offering the “Lakes to Land” moniker, one team member noted that the region is comprised of rolling green topography and scenic views of forests, farms, and fields, edged on one side by the Lake Michigan shore and dotted throughout with the inland lakes which are at the heart of many of its communities. The rest of the Leadership Team coalesced around this suggestion with relative ease, bestowing the project with the official name of “Lakes to Land Regional Initiative” and the immediate nickname of “L2L.” Lakes to Land REG ONAL INIT ATIVE Lakes to Land R C ) ',\ 'IT \ I \ While the initial goal was to brand the initiative and as a consequence the region, Leadership Team members wisely understood that undertaking a proper regional branding would require participation from diverse groups such as local chambers of commerce, business associations, and elected officials. This was outside the scope of the project at hand, but groundwork has been laid with the effort to name the first regional collaborative effort of its kind in the State of Michigan. Lakes to Land 3.1: Prototype logos REGIONAL INITIATIVE �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 4 facebook 0. Search for people, places and things Lakes to Land Regional Jnit... Timeline ...,. Now .,,.. Lakes to Lan REGIONAL INITIATIVE Unique Region. Unique Communities. Shared Vision. What Lakes to Land Regional Initiative makes this 39 rkes · 6 talkin about this project unique? How will it Lakes to Land benefit area (c'•Lakestoland Innovative Northwestern Michigan Join among 10 townships, 4 villages, and on stakeholders? Northern Michigan http://www.lakestoland.01 Why should they get Follow Lakes to Land involved? Tweets Full name La He Email the Exp Password 3.2 Web screenshots CALENDAR The Lakes to Land pages on Facebook (top), Twitter (middle), and the world wide web (bottom) Lakes to Land REGIONAL INITIATIVE BEAR LAKE TWP HONOR BEAR LAKE VILLAGE JOYFIELD BLAINE MANISTEE CRYSTAL LAKE ONEKAMA The Lakes to Land Regional Initiative is a unique Joint planning effort among the northwestern Michigan townships of Arcadia, Name: ELBERTA PLEASANTON Blaine, Crystal Lake, Gilmore, Bear Lake, Joyfield, Lake, Manistee, Onekama and Pleasanton the Villa es of Honor Onekama Bear I �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 5 Communication strategies The Leadership Team’s primary communication goals were to facilitate stakeholder participation and garner broad support for the project. They also recognized the importance of elevating the project’s visibility, reinforcing positive relationships with decision-makers, and creating a sustainable platform for ongoing coverage through positive media relationships. Determining that the use of a consistent and positive message was essential to the success of these goals, the team distilled that message by identifying and answering the questions at its core: What makes this project unique? How will it benefit area stakeholders? Why should they get involved? Having clearly articulated answers to these questions was essential to persuading communities that it is in their best interest to work together, and that doing so reinforces their own identities. The process also helped create synergy and momentum, much-needed ingredients in the quest to elicit as much participation in the master planning process as possible. Face-to-face outreach Even though it sometimes seems like a new form of communication is born every minute these days, and even though the Lakes to Land team tried to use just about all of them, the most effective method of communication in our outreach efforts was often good old one-on-one, faceto-face contact. The role of leadership team members as community ambassadors was critical in identifying and communicating with neighboring communities and key stakeholders throughout the region. An early decision to make the Initiative as inclusive as possible offered them the opportunity to reach out to neighboring communities directly, calling and meeting with individuals throughout the region to educate them about the benefits of the Initiative. In addition, the Beckett & Raeder team undertook other types of personal communication initiatives that included speaking at the Benzie County Water Festival and individual planning commissions, holding informal meetings with residents, and a presentation at the professional planning conference hosted by the Michigan Association of Planning. The goal of the outreach effort was never to recruit but rather to inform and educate with the hopes that communities would see the benefit of joining the Initiative. It was largely through this face-to-face contact that the collaboration grew from five communities to 16 in just a few short months. During the development of the individual master planning process, community leaders identified key stakeholders, then personally encouraged them to attend planning commission meetings and work sessions in order to hear their opinions and allow them to weigh in during the formation of the master plan. One community member expressed that they felt they had knocked on every door in the community, personally inviting the resident inside to attend the meetings. Further, in an effort to create a collegial environment and begin to collaborate professionally, invitations to regular Leadership Team meetings were extended to professional planners and zoning administrators in both Benzie and Manistee Counties, representatives from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, and a Michigan State University Extension Land Use expert. Other entities were invited to give educational presentations at the meetings, such as the Heartland Center for Leadership Development. Meetings also occurred with the Michigan Economic �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 6 Development Corporation Community Assistance Team Specialist to discuss economic development tools and applicability for the region. As a nod to the significance of the Initiative and in an effort to learn from this groundbreaking process, Governor Rick Snyder designated key government employees from various departments to study the Initiative and to collaborate with the region. These individuals were in contact with the Alliance for Economic Success, team members, and the consultants. Communication tools To keep the momentum of the project going and continue to engage the public, the Lakes to Land team developed magnets and brochures listing all the ways to keep in touch with the project: a centralized phone number, a United States Postal Service address, a new website, and Facebook and Twitter accounts. Press releases to news outlets covering the geographic area from Manistee to Petoskey were issued by the Alliance for Economic Success at the beginning of the initiative and at strategic points throughout the process to keep the public updated. The Lakes to Land website (www. lakestoland.org) was created to maintain open lines of communication among active members of the project team, residents of the region, and other interested folks. This was particularly critical in light of the wide spectrum of technological sophistication and infrastructure available throughout the region, making a centralized repository for project-related information necessary. The collaborative nature of the project meant that it was imperative to build a site robust enough to serve the dual objectives of creating a cohesive whole and maintaining each community’s unique identity. It was decided early on that the site would feature a page for each individual community in addition the blog, the “about” description of the project, a calendar of events, and an archive of news releases related to the project. Each community’s page presented a short excerpt of its history from this report, updated information related to the scheduling or results of its vision session, and any available links to previous plans or municipal websites. To the initial regionallyfocused content mentioned above, several more pages were added at the Leadership Team’s request: a catalog the entire library of work products and resources, a repository for documents specific to the Leadership Team, and an open comment forum for exchange of ideas. Metrics show that as of this writing, 1,975 people have racked up 9,687 page views on the website. The highest pageview numbers were driven by subscribers, people who signed up for the mailing lists and received an email linking directly to each new post as it was published. The largest concentration of visits came from the Manistee area (881), followed by Traverse City (598) and Grand Rapids (266). While most were from Michigan, visits also came from across the country: 141 from Hialeah (FL), 84 from Honolulu, 73 from Chicago, and a dozen scattered cities along the California coastline. All entries from the website were also posted to the project’s Facebook and Twitter accounts (www.facebook.com/lakestoland and twitter.com/lakestoland). Information meetings The public kickoff of the project occurred at two informational meetings on May 24 and 25, 2012. Between the two sessions—one in Benzie County and one in Manistee County— approximately 100 attendees were introduced to the Initiative. The purpose of the informational meetings was to educate the citizens about the project, extend an invitation to neighboring communities to join, discuss funding sources, and give a detailed explanation of the expected process and benefits. It was also hoped that the meeting would explain the planning process, prepare the communities for their vision sessions, and generate excitement for the project. Brochures and magnets were distributed, and the dates for the vision sessions were announced. Farmers’ meetings As the process of writing the new master plans began in earnest, two townships chose to host a forum dedicated specifically to understanding the needs of their agricultural communities. Blaine and Joyfield Townships each invited the general public, with a particular emphasis on the farming citizenry, to answer the question, “What can the township do to ensure that our working farms remain viable over the next 20 years?” Both groups expressed a strong desire for fewer and more flexible regulations. Regardless of whether the context was land division, crop contents, building and equipment construction, or the lease of land for purposes other than agriculture, participants made it clear that the township’s decisions had a discernible effect on their bottom line. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 7 Lakes to Land REGIONAL INITIATIVE Unique Region. Unique Communities. Shared Vision . Arcadia Bear Lake Blaine Crystal Lake Gilmore Joyfield Pleasanton Onekama Frankfort You are Invited! Information Meetings Scheduled May 23 at 7 p.m. Onekama Consolidated Schools May 24 at 7 p.m. Frankfort-Elberta Elementary School Gym The Lakes to Land Regional Initiative is a unique joint planning effort to bring voices from throughout the region into a collaborative vision for the future. The communities will work together to prepare a series of individual Master Plans and then use them to design collaborative strategies. Come to an information meeting to meet the leadership team members, learn about the purpose, goals, opportunities for participation, and schedule for this innovative project. For More Information: 231.933.8400 www.lakestoland.org 3.3 Information meeting Beckett & Raeder, Inc. gives a presentation introducing the Lakes to Land Regional Initiative to citizens. �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 9 Ex rcls 7 & B VVho shou ld be In the sandbo,."1 ,o,a....,_ on") .rwit"-o.,. C-o~P- oJ ~n.,i.nee~s J---=--t------+---------- Visioning The heart of the collaborative initiative is the development of individual community master plans. In the preparation of a master plan, the voice of the community is heard and articulated, and getting residents of the region to the Visioning Sessions was one of the primary responsibilities of the Leadership Team. The Leadership Team selected the days, venues, and times for the vision sessions and placed posters advertising them throughout their communities. In addition to the project’s official website and social media accounts, they used wordof-mouth, personal contact lists, and their own social media outlets to publicize the meetings. Postcards were mailed to every tax payer in each participating community inviting residents to share their input at the meeting, a step that the team concluded was important to ensure contact with every person. To minimize scheduling barriers to participation, residents were advised to attend their own community’s session if possible but also invited to attend other sessions. If attending another community’s vision session, residents were asked to sit at a separate table to work on the exercises but invited to participate in the presentation of the results. In this manner, communities often got a first glance at issues occurring in neighboring communities. All results were kept separate. The method for decision-making was designed to be ideal for large groups, take everyone’s opinion into account, and assist in narrowing down the results to the top major issues through the use of tallying. Participants not only had the opportunity to voice their opinions to small groups but also to the larger assembly, explaining and clarifying issues. Issues were often repeated, and in many cases the participants were able to both hear and see through the tallying process the collective nature of their opinions. Ten vision sessions were held to accommodate all communities developing master plans, including a makeup session designed to give residents from communities with less than ideal participation at the outset another opportunity to weigh in. All followed an identical format: Prior to the meeting, the facilitators placed a marker, a pen, nametags, a sign-in sheet, pre-counted voting dots, and a set of 24x36 exercise sheets on each table. Arriving �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 0 citizens were asked to sit 6-8 persons to a table, don a nametag, and sign in. (Email addresses from the sign-in sheets were added to the distribution list used for updates and new website post notices, with an opt-out available at each.) Shortly after the start time of 6:30 p.m., the session began with a presentation about the history, scope, and objective of the Lakes to Land project. The bulk of the sessions were focused on the visioning exercises. A volunteer at each table took the role of Table Secretary, recording answers to each of the tasks assigned. In most cases, a voting exercise followed in which each participant placed a dot next to the two items s/he felt were the best responses. “Double-dotting,” or voting twice for the same item, was not allowed. At the conclusion of the exercises, each group selected a member to present its findings. Presentations to the group conveyed the top three preferred futures from exercise 9and 10 and the strategies to achieve them identified in exercise 11. A member of the facilitation team recorded the preferred futures on 24x36 sheets as they were stated, consolidating duplicate items with some discussion about what constituted a “duplicate”: is the item “more business along US-31” identical to “increased economic development,” for example? Once all responses had been recorded, the sheets were hung on a wall at eye level, usually in the vicinity of the exit. The attending citizens were thanked for their participation and then instructed to use their remaining three dots for a “collective prioritization” exercise in which they voted for the three images they preferred most out of all presented at the meeting. Again, double- or tripledotting was prohibited. The meeting officially concluded after all participants voted. The stuff 3.4 The invitations Lakes to Land REGIONAL INITIATIVE Unllju<llr(/lan.LPnlqw~-lllrion. Community Vision Sessions The Lakes to Land Regional Initiative is a unique joint planning effort to involve voices from throughout the region in the creation of Community Master Plans. The communities will then work together to design strategies for collaboration. Bring your voice to the Vision Session in your community and help shape the future. If you are unable to attend the session for your community, please join us at any of the others listed below. All begin at 6:30 p.m. ARCADIA TWP June 12 Pleasant Valley Community Ctr. JOYFIELD TWP June 13 Blaine Christian Church CRYSTAL LAKE TWP INITIATIVE June 14 Frankfort-Elberta High REGIONAL School GILMORE TWP June 14 Old Life-Saving Station PLEASANTON TWP June 18 Bear Lake School BLAINE TWP June 19 Blaine Township Hall BEAR LAKE TWP June 21 Bear Lake School The Lakes to Land Regional Initiative is a 15-community Lakes to Land U~/kgloll.U~Comlllll/lilfu.S/t,md\llsltm, Community Vision makeup session joint planning effort that seeks to bring voices from throughout Northwest Michigan together to shape the future we will all share. www.lakestoland.org We wish more of you in Arcadia, Blaine, Crystal Lake, Gilmore, and Joyfield Townships had come to the previous sessions, so we are holding one more. Citizen input is critical to creating a plan Lakes to Landthat genuinely reflects our community. REGIONAL INITIATIVE Please bring your voice to the Vision Session. Unique Region. Unique Communltle&. Shclml \llsSon. C ommunity if you don’t participate, you can’t complain. V isioning s ession It’s your last chance to participate in this process, and you know what they say... (And who wants that?) July 11, 2012 at 6:30 p.m. Lakes to Land is a 15-community joint planning effort seeking to bring voices from throughout Northwest Michigan together to shape the future we all share. pleasant Valley Community Center We wish more of you in Pleasanton and Bear Lake Townships had come to the previous sessions. Luckily, the Village of Bear Lake’s addition to our collaboration 3586 offers the opportunity to hold one more. Come talk with us about Glovers Lake Road, Arcadia l!l Bear Lake Watershed Water Quality P & R Expansion Public Access Road Improvements Blight Enforcement Wildlife and Fisheries Habitat Improvement l!l www.lakestoland.org Lakes to Land It’s your last chance to participate in this process, and you know what they say... REGIONAL INITIATIVE if you don’t participate, you can’t complain. (lolqwt ...... Uniq,,t°'""""1111lt.-- (And who wants that?) Manistee Township has joined the Lakes to Land Regional p m on Initiative, ugusta unique collaboration in which 15 Northwest Michigan communities BeAr LAke sChooL, 7748 Cody st. are using the master planning (in the library) process to identify strategies for working together. Manistee Township will be updating its master plan, and you are invited to a 6:30 . . A 16 Community Visioning session Questions? Visit www.lakestoland.org or call 231-933-8400 to share your preferred vision for our future. Citizen input is critical to creating a plan that genuinely reflects our community. Please join us. August 22, 2012 At 6:30 p.m. mAnistee township hAll 410 Holden Street www.lakestoland.org • . Iii 13~ '. ' �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 1 visions are made of 3.5 The exercises Exercise 1 & 2 Th~t •one'' word which best describes your COMMUNITY. , T Participants were told that a short phrase was acceptable. This was a voting exercise. Exercise 3 & 4 llsl tho., Items th•I your CO MMUNITY h., accomplished h~,l thwe Hems thr1 l your COMMUNITY could h•• • well ~ccomr:lli'ihed bettO• I Exercise 5 & 6 What "barriers" are impeding improvements in your community? Exe rcise 7 & 8 Who should be in the sandbox? Exercise 9 & 10 Looking Forward - Envision you Community in 2021? Participants first answered the “accomplished well” question and voted on the answers, then answered the “could have accomplished better” question and voted on the answers. Facilitators explained that “barriers” could refer to organizations, situations, attitudes, physical attributes, power structures, etc. This was a voting exercise. Facilitators explained that responses to this question should name organizations of any size which could contribute expertise or resources to further the project’s goals. This was not a voting exercise, but a tally was kept of the number of times each organization was mentioned within a session. Participants were asked to offer a description of their community after ten years of work on their preferred investments. This was a voting exercise, and the secretary was asked to record the top three vote-getters on the next page. Exercise 11 Actions to Accomplish ou r 2021 vision? Prforfty 1 Participants contributed strategies to acheive each of the three most-preferred visions from the previous exercise. Final Exercise Collective Priorit ies I Participants distributed their remaining three dots among the top preferred visions from each group. This was THE voting exercise. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 2 Visioning Results Bear Lake Township The first vision session scheduled for Bear Lake Township, to be held on June 21, 2012 at Bear Lake School, 7748 Cody Street, was cancelled due to the low turnout of three residents. Fortunately, the addition of the Village of Bear Lake provided an opportunity for a makeup session aimed at the “Bear Lake Community” made up of Bear Lake Township, Pleasanton Township, and the Village of Bear Lake, held on August 16 at Bear Lake School. Twenty-two of the 36 attendees represented Bear Lake Township, or 1.3% of the township’s 1751 residents. Citizens used the words “lake” (and “multiple lakes”), “beautiful,” and “lake health” to describe Bear Lake Township. They named fire/EMS services, community activities, and lake improvement as their greatest accomplishments. The top three items that could have been more successful were all physical: buildings on Lake Street, lake access with facilities, and roads. Residents cited funding, participation, and lack of communication/miscommunication as the greatest barriers to progress. They felt that the sandbox should be made up of business owners, community organizations, and property owners. A vibrant, revitalized downtown and parks and lakes access topped the list of collective priorities; these items received two to four times more votes than the next two on the list, trails for biking and walking and the improvement of property values. 3.6 Bear Lake School 3.7 Bear Lake Township, Bear Lake Village, and Pleasanton Township makeup visioning Village of Bear Lake The Village of Bear Lake joined the Lakes to Land collaborative after the initial round of visioning sessions, so its only session took place on August 16. The meeting was held at Bear Lake School in conjunction with the make-up session for Bear Lake and Pleasanton Townships. The six Village of Bear Lake residents in attendance comprised 2.1% of overall population. Words used to describe the Village of Bear Lake by its residents were “stagnant,” “development challenged,” and “retired - mature.” Residents were most proud of their school, water system, and community events such as Bear Lake Days and Sparkle. They felt that more attention could be paid to a blight ordinance, affordable sewer, and park facilities such as a restroom. Barriers to progress were money, knowledge, and participation. When asked which organizations could be potential allies to progress, the citizens named community groups, specifically the Bear Lake Promoters and the Lions, and state government. Collectively, they prioritized employment, an innovative sewer system, and being centered on recreation. The other items to receive votes were having a vital downtown, and being characterized as “multi-generational” and “beautiful.” �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 3 Pleasanton Township Sixteen residents of Pleasanton Township gathered at Bear Lake School for their community’s initial vision session on June 18, 2012, and eight more arrived at the same location for a makeup session on August 16. In all, 2.9% of the township’s 818 residents participated in the session. Citizens described Pleasanton as “rural,” “agricultural,” and “quiet.” The water quality in Bear Lake was their signature accomplishment, including watershed planning and organization and the control of Eurasian water milfoil. Pleasanton residents mentioned division in the community with some frequency. When asked what the could have been done better, “lack of cooperation among municipalities and board” was first, followed by master planning, better communication, and an accepted sewer plan; the list of barriers was topped by “inter-community discord,” “polarization and divisiveness on issues,” and “divisive leadership.” They felt support should come from service clubs and community groups, Bear Lake Township and Village, and Michigan’s environmental departments (DNR and DEQ). In a particularly direct summation of the previous exercises, residents listed their top priorities as leadership that brings the community together, a zoning ordinance that reflects the master plan, and good communication and cooperation among all groups. 3.8 Pleasanton Township visioning 3.9 Joyfield Township visioning Joyfield Township Joyfield Township hosted its visioning session at Blaine Christian Church, 7018 Putney Road, on June 13, 2012. There were 50 Joyfield residents in attendance, as well as two residents of Arcadia Township and two residents of Blaine Township. All participants completed the exercises with members of their own community, and the results were tallied by community. The rate of participation among Joyfield’s 799 residents was 6.3%. The most common one-word descriptions of Joyfield Township were “beautiful,” “rural,” and “divided.” Residents felt that their community’s strengths were neighborliness, land stewardship or balanced land use, and preserving scenic beauty. They said the community could have a better job of zoning and planning, planning for the future, and communication. Top barriers to improvement were miscommunication (specifically, communication prior to major issues and the complain that “government doesn’t listen”), division within the community, and both personal and governmental financial struggles. Organizations which should be “in the sandbox” were the Farm Bureau, Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, and the Joyfield Township Board of Supervisors. The citizens’ list of collective priorities was topped by retaining scenic character, growth in specialized agriculture, implementing zoning and planning, maintaining a rural character/environment, increasing job opportunities and supporting local business, and utilities. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 4 Arcadia Township Arcadia Township’s visioning session took place at the Pleasant Valley Community Center, 3586 Glovers Lake Road. Ninety-three citizens attended the session held on June 12, 2012. In addition to those citizens, ten Arcadia residents attended a makeup session on July 11, 2012 at the Pleasant Valley Community Center and two Arcadia residents attended the visioning session in Joyfield Township. In total, 103 of Arcadia’s 639 citizens participated; its 16.1% was the best among municipalities which held visioning sessions. 3.10 Arcadia visioning 3.11 Pleasant Valley Community Center The top three words residents used to describe Arcadia were “peaceful,” “natural” (including “nature” and “natural beauty”), and “beautiful.” They felt that their community had done a good job establishing the Pleasant Valley Community Center and the fire department. They also felt that their community was successful in the “wind issue” or the “Duke energy diversion,” saying they had “defeated turbines” and “avoided bad economic development.” They felt that the community could improve channel dredging, calling it a “yearly hassle” and saying a “better policy” was needed. Enforcement of zoning ordinances and speed control were two other areas which residents felt could be improved. The list of barriers to improvement was led by finances, resistance to change, and communication problems. The top three organizations that should be “in the sandbox” were Camp Arcadia, the Grand Traverse Regional Land Conservancy, and the Lions Club. The citizens’ top six collective priorities were channel dredging, improving outdoor activities and developing eco-tourism, M-22 improvements and streetscape, connectivity of biking and hiking trails, a fully operational harbor, and sustainable businesses on Main Street. Blaine Township 3.12 Blaine visioning On June 19, 2012, Blaine Township Hall at 4760 Herring Grove Road filled up with 72 citizens ready to share their vision for the township’s future. Two more citizens attended the July 11 makeup session, totaling 13.4% of the municipality’s 551 residents. Blaine residents described their community as “peaceful” (adding “serene” and “tranquil”), “beautiful” (specifically “natural and seasonal beauty”), and “rural” (including “rural / agriculture”). They cited conservancy and preservation of their land and shore as their greatest accomplishment, followed by “eradicating turbine development” or “stopping the wind energy program,” then zoning. Internet access, road repair, and planning and zoning topped the list of things that the community could have done better. The top two barriers to their goals were financial, both general and public, and each received three times as many votes as the item in third place, which was lack of viable, good-paying employment opportunities. The organizations which should be in the sandbox were township officials, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, and the Benzie County Road Commission. Citizens listed maintaining the health and quality of lakes, streams, and forests, maintaining a rural community, high speed internet service, healthy and sustainable operating farms, and maintaining the scenic beauty of the township as their top collective priorities. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 5 Crystal Lake Township Forty-two Crystal Lake Township citizens gathered at Frankfort-Elberta High School on June 14, 2012 for their community’s vision session, and two more attended the July 11 makeup session at the Pleasant Valley Community Center. Taken together, 4.5% of Crystal Lake Township’s 975 residents participated. Residents described Crystal Lake Township as “beautiful,” “vulnerable,” and “pristine.” They listed rails to trails, water quality, and the Benzie Bus as their top achievements; zoning, citizen participation, and the RV park topped the list of things they felt the township could have done better. Barriers to the community’s goals were leadership (and specifically, “leadership reflecting all taxpayers”), lack of an agreed-upon, long-term vision, and lack of opportunities to share in a common goal. They felt that it was important for the Crystal Lake Watershed Association, farmers, and the Paul Oliver Memorial Hospital to be in the sandbox. The top priorities to emerge from the exercises were maintaining rural character (including preservation and open green space), quality development resulting from a function master plan and zoning ordinance, better leadership including cooperation and communication, and the regulation of blight and pollution (light, air, noise, and water). 3.13 Crystal Lake Township visioning Gilmore Township Gilmore Township’s restored, historic Old LifeSaving Station at 1120 Furnace Ave. was the site of its community visioning session on June 14, 2012. Thirty-one of Gilmore’s 821 residents attended for a participation rate of 3.7%. The most frequent descriptions of Gilmore were “scenic,” “beautiful,” and “sense of community.” Attendees listed land preservation of land for biking and hiking, parks, and schools as its best achievements. It could have done a better job with broadband internet service, a boat launch, and communication between the village and township. Financial restraints led the list of barriers to progress, followed by communication and lack of yearround employment. Residents felt that local government of all levels should be in the sandbox, including elected and appointed officials of the township, village, county, and state. They singled out Gilmore’s planning commission and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources to round out the top three. The top collective priorities were zoning and planning enforcement, Betsie Bay improvements (clean, dredge, remove invasive species, increase docks and access), rural and natural community character preservation (specifically, maintaining the balance of uses between agricultural and single family residential), and public access to the lake with improvements in game management. 3.14 Old Life-Saving Station 3.15 Gilmore visioning �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 6 Manistee Township The last Lakes to Land visioning session was held in Manistee Township on August 22 at Manistee Township Hall. Forty-nine of the community’s 4,084 residents attended for a turnout of 1.2%. 3.16 Manistee visioning (top and bottom) Those in attendance used the words “beautiful,” “deteriorating” (specifically in reference to Bar Lake) and “water” or “water lovers” to describe their home. They were most proud of services, including fire, EMS, recycling, and road maintenance. Concerns centered around Bar Lake: the outlet, observation deck, park, tables, parking, marking, water level, and public access all made the list, as well as a simple plea to “Save Bar Lake.” Residents cited disagreement in leadership, funding, and government regulations as the top barriers to achieving their goals. They put themselves first in the sandbox, followed by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality and the United States Army Corps of Engineers. Collectively, the citizens of Manistee Township prioritized the establishment of a watershed authority and cleanup of Bar Lake first, followed by commercial development along US-31 and a reduction in regulations. Village of Honor 3.17 Honor visioning Like the Village of Bear Lake, the Village of Honor joined the Lakes to Land Regional Initiative after the first round of visioning had concluded. Because the community had completed a visioning session the previous year in connection with the Honor Area Restoration Project (from which the collective priorities to the right were taken), the Planning Commission opted to use a survey instrument to gather information related to the Lakes to Land master planning process. Forty-nine surveys were returned. Residents said they most liked that Honor is friendly and small, and its location. By a large margin (56%), they most disliked its blight, including run-down homes and junk piles; vacant stores (13%) and traffic speed (11%) lagged far behind. Citizens would most like to see new development in the form of retail commercial, specifically a deli, coffee shop, and resale or antique shop, followed by single-family homes and then office commercial. Offered a choice of recreation, their support was evenly split between facilities for active recreation and those which are multi-use. Sidewalks were the most-desired new service. Residents did not want to see commercial design requirements for their buildings, but slightly more residents approved of annexing property for future development than disapproved. Citizens also wanted to see growth of green energy and sustainable business policies, and support for a new blight ordinance was overwhelming (84%). �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 7 Collective priorities The ultimate goal of spending a whole intense summer conducting visioning sessions was to bring the individual voices of citizens together to hear what they said in unison. Five hundred residents spoke clearly. This is what was on their minds: Arcadia Channel dredging Improve outdoor activities; develop eco-tourism M-22 improvements streetscape Bear Lake Township Vibrant, revitalized downtown Parks and lakes access Bike and walk trails Employment Innovative sewer system - destination Recreation-centered Blaine Maintain health and quality of lakes, streams, forests; watershed planning Maintain rural community (“stay the same”) High speed internet service, cable or tower, fast and affordable Crystal Lake Maintain rural character - preservation - open green space Quality development: functioning master plan/ zoning Build better leadership, cooperation, communication Zoning and planning enforcement Betsie Bay improvements: clean and dredge; remove invasives; increase docks and access Rural, natural community character preservation; maintain balance of single family residential and agricultural Honor New downtown streetscape New recreation facilities Destination businesses for tourism Joyfield Retain scenic character developed natural areas Growth in agriculture specialized Implement zoning/planning Establish watershed authority / clean up Bar Lake / healthy Bar Lake ecosystem Business on US-31 / commercial development Reduce regulations Leadership that brings community together Zoning ordinance that reflects the master plan Master plan Bear Lake Village Gilmore Manistee Pleasanton 3.18 Collective priorities table �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 8 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 1 9 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | E - 2 0 [ T H I S PA G E I N T E N T I O N A L L Y L E F T B L A N K ] �l a k e s t o l a n d r e g i o n a l i n i t i at i v e Arcadia Township People and Land Adopted September 3, 2014 �Figures, Maps, Tables Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by 4.1: Nonmotorized transportation map P-5 friendship no inhabiting. Goodnessdashboard doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear 4.2 Demographic P-12 4.3: Number of workers by income P-14 mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode 4.4: Net Worth 4.5: Non-retail earnings vs. retail etc. earnings 4.6: Retail marketplace summary 4.7: Arcadia “workshed” 4.8: Arcadia Bluffs Golf Course (left), Sunset Station (right) 4.9: Building M-22. Photo: Arcadia Area Historical Society 4.10: Road conditions 4.11: Recreational trails 4.12: Renewable energy potential 4.13: Proposed Merit fiber-optic network 4.14: Broadband service inventory 4.15: Land dashboard 4.16: Natural Features map 4.17: Existing land use chart and map 4.18: Density-based zoning 4.19: Deed restrictions vs. zoning 4.20: Future land use map 4.21: Zoning chart 4.22: Action plan P-15 P-16 P-17 P-19 P-20 P-23 P-24 P-25 P-27 P-28 P-29 P-32 P-33 P-34 P-37 P-40 P-42 P-48 P-51 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 1 Expectations In terms of both actual numbers and proportion of residents, the Visioning Session in Arcadia Township had the strongest turnout of any Lakes to Land community. What’s more, the over 100 citizens in attendance spoke in unconventional unison: by margins of three to one, they were proud of the Pleasant Valley Community Center, insisted on better harbor dredging, and pointed to lack of money as the single biggest obstacle to their goals. Not at all shy about creative problem solving, Arcadians proposed a wide range of methods to achieve funding for their goals that included grants, fees, donations, projectspecific fundraisers, and tax assessments. They were also well-versed in governmental units at every level, from broad suggestions to appeal to the Michigan Department of Transportation for help revitalizing the M-22 streetscape to the specific directive to examine the potential for a public sewer system in the township. Should direct appeal by already-interested citizens fail to garner the response they were hoping for, vision session attendees were ready to recruit backup by encouraging seasonal residents to become Michigan residents in order to vote and offering to launch massive letter campaigns to politicians. Collaboration figured largely in Arcadians’ preferred future. Asked who should be “in the sandbox” to help achieve their goals, their unified voices suddenly thinned in equal support for Camp Arcadia, the Grand Traverse Regional Land Conservancy, the Lions’ Club, PVCC, the business community, and the township board and planning commission. They felt they could join forces with other Lake Michigan communities in need of dredging help and also connect with boating clubs to promote the need for it. To achieve better connectivity among nonmotorized trails, vision session participants recommended both reaching out to hiking and biking clubs and making physical connections with existing trails. Geologists, biologists, and birders could be enlisted to support and shape efforts to develop ecotourism in the community. The following pages present “Cornerstones,” or goals formulated by the Arcadia Township Planning Commission to guide future development. Each includes a set of “Building blocks,” specific strategies to be implemented to achieve those goals. At the bottom is the “Foundation” that supports each Cornerstone: its linkage to the citizens’ stated priorities and to the Manistee County Master Plan. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 Cornerstone Continue to provide support for Arcadia Township’s four-season harbor with sufficient amenities to service multiple users and types of uses. Arcadia Harbor is a vital resource serving multiple purposes to the residents of Arcadia as well as the region and the state. It is one of 16 Great Lakes shallow draft recreational harbors classified as a Harbor of Refuge by the US Army Corps of Engineers’ Great Lakes Navigational System, providing boaters with safe haven during foul weather and offering safe, high-quality public facilities to seasonal boaters. The harbor contains a 1,100-foot federallymaintained channel, with a dredged depth of 9 feet, between Lake Michigan and Lake Arcadia, and it includes a 2,400-foot maintained pier. Shallow-draft harbors in Michigan become blocked by sediment accumulations, a problem worsened by low lake levels in recent years. The local community has established significant infrastructure around the harbor facilities which generates income from harbor users and visitors to the area. Arcadia Township owns and maintains Arcadia Veterans Memorial Marina. Marina amenities include water, electricity, free wireless internet access, restrooms, showers, gasoline, diesel, pump-out, ice, boat launch, long term parking, dog run, 24-hour security, playground/park, grills, picnic tables and laundry. There are 17 season slips and 17 transient slips. Regionally, and within Arcadia, residents utilize the harbor for recreational boating, fishing, swimming, canoeing, kayaking, ice fishing, and ice boating. Shallow draft harbors also provide a spur for economic growth in the form of upscale housing and marinas, along with the attendant businesses they bring. Recreational harbors are a key element of these developments, drawing boat owners, their guests, and transient boaters from other harbors, as well as lending their ambience to help create the special atmosphere that is part of the draw of a lakefront community. The harbor is an important economic incubator as patrons of the harbor are likely to shop locally, dine at local restaurants, and stay at local lodging establishments. The most prevalent boat size on the Great Lakes is between 16 and 20 feet in length, representing about 28% of the Great Lakes’ recreational fleet; the most popular type of boat is the 16- to 24-foot fiberglass runabout. As discussed in Tab 2, Great Lakes boat owners spend an average of $3,600 per year on their boats. This includes $1,400 on craft-related expenses (equipment, repairs, insurance, slip fees) and $2,200 on trip-related expenses (gas and oil, food and refreshments, onshore entertainment, lodging) spread out over an average of 23 boating days per season. These averages are heavily weighted toward the high percentage of mostly smaller watercraft. Owners of larger boats spend considerably more, up to $20,000 per year for boats 41 feet and more. Average spending per boat day on trips varies from $76 for boats less than 16 feet in length to $275 per day for boats larger than 40 feet. The greatest trip expenses are for boat fuel (22%), restaurants and bars (17%) and groceries (14%). The majority of annual craft expenses are for equipment (39%), maintenance and repair (29%) and insurance (14%). Owners of registered watercraft in Great Lakes states spent $9.9 billion on boating trips in 2003 and $5.7 billion on craft expenses, for a total of almost $16 billion. The direct effects on a community fortunate enough to have a boating harbor include economic activity in businesses selling goods and services directly to boaters and property values up to 30% higher than communities without Lake Michigan access. Secondary benefits include indirect effects on related industries and induced benefits from household spending of income earned directly or indirectly from boaters. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 All activities associated with the Arcadia Harbor rely on the integrity of harbor. This can be measured by many factors, including the health of the Arcadia Watershed and the ability to enter and exit Lake Arcadia through the channel safely and un-encroached by the buildup of sand. Arcadians have worked diligently to maintain their harbor, addressing a number of issues and undertaking planning efforts to build the harbor infrastructure and facilities. The recreational and economic efforts undertaken and additional proposed plans for the waterfront along Lake Arcadia are directly influenced by and dependent on a fully operational four-season harbor. These efforts include improvements at Grebe Park, Arcadia Veterans Memorial Marina, and Arcadia Sunset Station and Beach Natural Area are part of a larger area master plan and community partners agreement between Arcadia Township, Grand Traverse Regional Land Conservancy, Pleasant Valley Community Center, Manistee Community Foundation, the Alliance for Economic Success, and others in a collaborative initiative to create nature-based recreational opportunities for the residents and visitors of Arcadia. However, residents are faced with a number of issues that impede the consistent use of the harbor in all aspects that are sought. Additional work is needed to address the most fundamental aspect of the harbor operations: keeping the channel open for ingress and egress to Lake Michigan by removing the buildup of sand that accumulates yearly. Arcadia Harbor requires annual maintenance dredging of approximately 5,000 cubic yards; it was dredged in 2010 using Michigan regional dredging provision funding and currently requires yearly dredging. Not maintaining Arcadia Harbor would have many negative consequences, including devastation of the local economy, loss of local jobs, loss of destination for many transient boaters that launch their boats in Arcadia and fill the marinas, and loss of recreational and charter fishing in the area, resulting in a plummet in property values (US Army Corps of Engineers). Without a clear and safe passage through the channel, the harbor cannot provide safe refuge, boating activity is crippled, and the economic vitality of Arcadia Township is substantially impacted. Building blocks 1. Establish local and regional partnerships to collaborate on the regular maintenance, including dredging, of the Lake Arcadia channel to maintain ingress/egress from Lake Michigan. 2. Support local businesses that seek solutions to dredging the channel to Lake Michigan. 3. Seek solutions to fix engineering specification deficiencies of the pier design. 4. Continue to support the efforts to adequately and appropriately maintain and develop Grebe Park, Arcadia Municipal Marina, and the Pine Street Boat Launch. 5. Continue to explore and support opportunities to enhance Arcadia Camp Ground, the Marina, and the First Street waterfront business corridor. 6. Form a steering committee and conduct a public visioning session for prioritized redevelopment sites such as Arcadia Camp Ground. 7. Work closely with the appropriate entities to address water quality issues, fisheries, invasive species removal, access management, and general watershed management best practices. Foundation Manistee County master plan goals Economy: increase job opportunities Encourage a variety of housing types and choices Eliminate land contamination and protect surface and groundwater quality Protect agricultural areas by focusing growth in areas with infrastructure Arcadia collective priorities Channel dredging Improve outdoor activities and develop eco-tourism M-22 improvements and streetscape Biking and hiking trails; connectivity �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 4 Cornerstone Develop world-class trail systems that are interconnected and universally accessible. The desire for improved walkability, connectivity, and barrier-free movement throughout the township and beyond is of great importance to Arcadia Township residents. Developing a well-defined and well-constructed trail system is essential for residents to fully utilize the natural and built environment. As evidenced in a community recreation brainstorming meeting, enjoyment of the natural environment is a significant pastime of, and provides economic opportunity for, many Arcadians. Walking, biking, and other forms of nonmotorized transportation require supporting infrastructure such as maintained sidewalks with sufficient curb cuts, road striping, and a network of signage that navigates the user throughout the trail system in a safe manner. Developing the trail system route and determining the type of transportation modes is the first step to reaching the goal of walkability. The potential for a thoroughly walkable community linking natural resources, economic centers, and places where residents live, play and work is very favorable. Arcadia Township is collaborating with the Grand Traverse Regional Land Conservancy to develop Arcadia Marsh—located just southeast of the harbor and lakes area—and is engaged in planning points of interest at Grebe Park and Arcadia Natural Beach Area. Some maintenance of urban core sidewalks has recently alleviated several major heaves resulting from growth of the 120-year-old trees that line the urban center streets. A visual survey of the areas which will someday connect the Marsh and Lake areas reveals that walkability of the community at large is challenging due to poor and unreliable sidewalk conditions throughout the urban center, inadequate space on the road to accommodate cyclists and walkers, and lack of signage and well-defined trail routes. The community needs to clearly articulate, define, and then build the infrastructure for trail and walking systems. Building blocks 1. Review and work in partnership with the Arcadia Township Recreation Committee. 2. Work collaboratively with partners to develop a regional trail system linking multiple points of interest. 3. Assess and consider campaigning to become a M-22 Heritage Route linking the already designated sections of M-22 into Manistee County. 4. Survey and assess the functionality and integrity of the existing sidewalks in the Township. 5. Conduct a wayfinding campaign to provide visual cues necessary to direct residents throughout the trail systems and community at large. 6. Review, assess, and update local ordinances to include trail system strategies. 7. Promote and enhance the Pleasant Valley Community Center as the Welcome Center/Trail Hub. 8. Conduct a street survey, in partnership with the Manistee County Road Commission, to understand the needs for accommodating trail system needs on the existing street system. Foundation Manistee County master plan goals Economy: increase job opportunities Encourage a variety of housing types and choices Eliminate land contamination and protect surface and groundwater quality Protect agricultural areas by focusing growth in areas with infrastructure Arcadia collective priorities Channel dredging Improve outdoor activities and develop eco-tourism M-22 improvements and streetscape Biking and hiking trails; connectivity �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 5 4.1: Nonmotorized transportation map BENZIE CO. Taylor MANISTEE CO. n Bur Ta ylo r Taylor ham Zilch ç ? Jungle Inn No rm Saint Pierre Norman Lake Glovers Lake Gilbert 5th 6th 3rd 4th 2nd Pine Zilch Northwood iew est v For Spruc e Manke Oak 1st S t ark e i Sorrenson 7th La ke M i ch n a g an State Grebe Ware s oll Frederick er I ng Chamberlain Lake B lu f f Iverson Maxey Ware Lumley ç ? ARCADIA TWP. PLEASANTON TWP. Arcadia Lake Northwood Hull Nelson Alkire Saint Pierre Bischoff Erdman Iverson Norconk Steffins Leos Churchill Churchill ç ? ew ARCADIA TWP.13 Mile ONEKAMA TWP. Lin d en L a k e vi LAKES TO LAND Milarch Gear Schaef 13 Mile 0 0.25 0.5 1 Miles Arcadia Township Proposed Non-Motorized Pathways Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, Benzie and Manistee County Equalization CJ Parcel Boundary County Boundary Township Boundary Non-Motorized Pathway Non-Motorized Water Route Road Note; Pathways along M-22 take advantage of a wider shoulder and/or will be built adjacent to M-22. B Updated: 09-20-13 R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 6 Cornerstone Provide an atmosphere that promotes and supports economic development opportunities. Placemaking is at the heart of the economic development strategy in Arcadia Township. Placemaking is the development of spaces which offer attractive cultural, social, and natural resource amenities based on regional assets. These places provide professional and social infrastructure to support citizens’ endeavors and offer a lifestyle that suits their desires. Factors considered in the development of Arcadia Township’s goals included leveraging and building on community assets, diversifying its economic base in order to attract and retain talented, well-educated workers, and understanding its role in the region. Natural resources are among the most significant assets the Township has to offer: its land, water, and vistas. Harnessing the economic benefits of these outdoor attributes and directly linking them is key to the economic engine of the township, as is building on other natural resource opportunities. The agriculture community has always been important to economic prosperity in Arcadia Township, and support of it is a deeply rooted value of the residents. Tourism, building a location that is attractive for new residents, and retaining current residency are all central to Arcadia’s economic strategy. The economy is fed by visitors who stop in the township to gaze at the breathtaking scenery from one of the many ridgelines of Lake Michigan, eat at the local restaurants, shop at the retail stores, and seek lodging. There is a need to define the commercial areas within the community, specifically the M-22 corridor, Lake Street, and First Street. Land use regulations and physical infrastructure improvements are proposed to assist in this effort. Linking the economic activities and community assets in a well-defined and developed trail system is essential to tie all the elements together into a cohesive whole. Making the type of “place” people want to visit, move to, or recreate in will involve strategies centered on developing and utilizing the natural resources and defining the physical space in which these activities occur. With that said, maintaining the rural scenic character by being stewards of the natural resource assets is seen as partnering in the economic development of the Township. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 7 Building blocks 1. Develop community and economic development tools that are available within the State of Michigan and elsewhere. 2. Assess adopting a Development Rights Ordinance with the expressed purpose of becoming eligible to participate in the Agriculture Preservation Fund Program, which would help fund the purchase of Development Rights Agreements for interested members of the agricultural community. 3. Implement applicable aspects of the 2010 M-22 Economic Development Strategy, specifically the strategies that call for streetscape improvements to create a sense of place and character, zoning revisions that encourage collections of stores rather then strip units, walkability, and connectivity throughout the community and region. 4. Continue to leverage natural resource assets, in partnership with the Recreation Plan, as part of the Arcadia economic development strategy. 5. Establish in the Zoning Ordinance a waterfront business district that includes Grebe Park, Arcadia Beach, Arcadia Camp Ground and the Arcadia Municipal Marina as one cohesive economic unit and linking it with the historic business district on Lake Street. 6. Seek out economic development strategies and opportunities to further develop business corridors of the Township. 7. Encourage and assist development of Camp Arcadia and other existing businesses. 8. Encourage and assist development of agriculture vitality strategies. 9. Revise the home occupation regulations in the zoning ordinance to ensure that they meet the needs of the community. 10. Explore the possibility of installing a sanitary sewer system for some of the township. 11. Review the Michigan Economic Development Corporation Redevelopment Ready Communities Best Practices guide to determine if it is appropriate for Arcadia to become certified as a Redevelopment Ready Community. Foundation Manistee County master plan goals Economy: increase job opportunities Encourage a variety of housing types and choices Eliminate land contamination and protect surface and groundwater quality Protect agricultural areas by focusing growth in areas with infrastructure Arcadia collective priorities Channel dredging Improve outdoor activities and develop eco-tourism M-22 improvements and streetscape Biking and hiking trails; connectivity Photo: Up North Memories by Don Harrison �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 8 Cornerstone Support efforts that are aimed at protecting, managing, enhancing, and providing appropriate access to the natural resources within the township. In a township with such an abundance of natural resources, the way in which they are managed, cared for, and protected is critical to ensuring that future generations have the same opportunities to utilize those resources as have benefitted past generations. In Arcadia, natural resources provide the economic and recreational opportunities that attract and retain residents. The spectrum of uses ranges from agriculture and timber to beach bathing, bird watching, and night sky viewing. Maintaining the environment to continue the very essence of residents’ way of life is ingrained in every effort undertaken to plan for the township, and this stewardship is laced with the rationale that planning methods should be respectful of property rights. Efforts to restore and enhance Arcadia Marsh and Arcadia Natural Beach Area are on-going and require continued support. These and similar planning and redevelopment efforts are geared toward enhancing the recreational opportunities for the community while also developing nature-based tourism and placemaking as the basis for the economic development strategy within the township. The Arcadia Watershed is a very important natural resource that is in need of focused attention, and the township recently convened a Leadership Team to spearhead the development of an Arcadia Township Watershed Plan. Watershed planning will be essential to understanding key factors such as protecting wildlife habitat and improving natural resources, giving citizens an active voice in protecting and restoring natural resources important to the community, providing a framework and rationale to pursue funding opportunities, and providing a focused data collection and analysis methodology. In 2012, Lake Arcadia was the subject of an updated Michigan Department of Natural Resources fish count; this type of effort needs to be enhanced and built upon. In addition, factors such as road access management into the undeveloped portions of the watershed, preserving the scenic rural character of the township, and the management of the watershed and associated lands are all natural resource enhancement and management issues that folks in Arcadia Township wish to address. Building blocks 1. Support the Arcadia Marsh, Grebe Park, Arcadia Beach, and Arcadia Dunes projects as well as others as they become available. 2. Support partnerships with entities that help enhance the Natural Resource Protection and Management goals. 3. Consider developing a Scenic Rural Preservation Plan. 4. Assess and consider Arbor Day Foundation standards to become a “Tree City USA.” 5. Consider commissioning a migratory bird/waterfowl assessment by a trained avian scientist. 6. Develop and improve road access and stormwater management standards. 7. Support the development of Dark Sky strategies and policy. 8. Support the development of an Arcadia Watershed Plan. Foundation Manistee County master plan goals Economy: increase job opportunities Encourage a variety of housing types and choices Eliminate land contamination and protect surface and groundwater quality Protect agricultural areas by focusing growth in areas with infrastructure Arcadia collective priorities Channel dredging Improve outdoor activities and develop eco-tourism M-22 improvements and streetscape Biking and hiking trails; connectivity �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 9 Cornerstone Expand opportunities that promote cohesion, stability, and well-maintained neighborhoods. The Township of Arcadia has a distinct urban core located in a well-defined geographical area that is close to the business corridors, waterfront, and public and semi-public buildings (Fire Hall, Township Hall, Arcadia Township Museum, Pleasant Valley Community Center, Arcadia Branch Library, Post Office, parks). The neighborhoods in the urban center of the township are a gem in the rough. A traveler wandering the streets will gaze upon tree-lined streets with historical houses and sidewalks and will have easy access to places to work, play, dine, and shop. That same traveler will also see homes in need of repair, zoning ordinance enforcement issues, sidewalks that need replacing, and aging trees in need of trimming and replacement. The community would like to grow a concentrated effort to help residents find opportunities to reinvest in their neighborhoods. Neighborhood planning has many benefits and fits in with the placemaking agenda of the township by working toward re-developing the neighborhoods in which future residents will want to live. Clean, affordable, quality housing stock, walkability, and a charm unique to Arcadia are the characteristics residents and future residents would like to see in their neighborhoods. Arcadia Township Historical Museum has a volunteer who is conducting an architectural survey of each house in the urban center and documenting historical details and distinctive assets of the dwellings. By making the neighborhoods an important planning focus, the community can seek investment and funding opportunities, address their unique needs, highlight distinctive assets, strengthen the interactions of the neighbors, and develop the capacity for new leadership within the community. Building blocks 1. Seek funding sources to assist neighborhoods with the maintenance and rehabilitation of existing homes. 2. Ensure that future development within the township urban core takes place in a grid-like pattern that promotes walkability and connectivity. 3. Encourage sidewalk maintenance and extension, and seek out opportunities to fund improvements. 4. Seek opportunities to ensure that the community has many affordable housing options to meet the needs of all age groups. 5. Conduct a comprehensive assessment of the infrastructure (roads, electricity, broadband, natural gas, above and below ground utilities, etc.) to answer questions such as, “What infrastructure exists in the Township?”, “What are the deficiencies?” and “What opportunities exist to make improvements?” 6. Seek models and suggestions of Historic Preservation methods for the neighborhoods. Foundation Manistee County master plan goals Economy: increase job opportunities Encourage a variety of housing types and choices Eliminate land contamination and protect surface and groundwater quality Protect agricultural areas by focusing growth in areas with infrastructure Arcadia collective priorities Channel dredging Improve outdoor activities and develop eco-tourism M-22 improvements and streetscape Biking and hiking trails; connectivity �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 1 1 People and Places How many people? How long did they go to school? What do they do? What activities can be supported by the land itself? And where can we go shopping around here, anyway? Population Population is both an indicator and a driver of economic growth. An increase in people creates a larger economic and customer base on which the business environment can draw, and areas of bustling economic activity attract people looking to share in its benefits. After a robust growth spurt that brought Arcadia Township’s population from 523 to 621 during the 1990s, it continued a slightly more subdued climb through the last decade to maintain a positive growth rate even as the population of Michigan slid downward. Arcadia is projected to hold on to those gains and add another dozen or so residents through 2016. Housing Home is where the heart is, and where all your stuff is, and probably where the people you call family are too. On a community level, it’s much the same: housing data may be about buildings, but it tells us much about the actual people we call neighbors. Arcadia’s 574 housing units provide the shelter for its 272 households. Astute observers may note that that represents about 2.1 houses per household, and that is correct: in this community, there just about as many houses for seasonal or recreational use (242 homes, or 42% of all housing units) as there are occupied by the people who own them (266 homes, 46%). A detailed discussion follows under “Seasonal Housing.” Just 5.2% are renter-occupied, a figure that is in line with other Lakes to Land townships but only 1/6 of the national rate. Arcadia’s vacancy rate of 7.1% is the third lowest in the region. The largest share of Arcadia’s housing stock was built before 1939 (157 homes, or 30%). The decades after that saw increases ranging from 16 to 39 homes per year until the end of the century, when a boom of 59 houses in the 1980s and 106 houses in the 1990s dramatically expanded the housing stock. Another 74 houses have been added since the turn of the millennium. By and large, Arcadians own their homes outright: the 35% of housing units with a mortgage is the lowest among all L2L communities. The �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 1 2 Demographic Dashboard - Arcadia Population 800 - - - Key for population and prosperity index graphs: Benzie County Manistee County Michigan 3.0% 400 2.0% 200 1.0% 0 0.0% 1990 2000 Population Growth 4.0% 600 2010 2016 (proj.) 2000 -1.0% 2010 6% • • 6% • • • 14% 47% 28% 21% Household Income 5% 15% • 25% 6% • 12% • • • • 15% • 46% • Classifications modified from HUD guidelines, using the state median income of $48,432. 80% No high school diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate’s degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Work 0% 8% 19% • • • 42% 5% Very low income (less than $25,000) Low income ($25,000-$34,999) Moderate income ($35,000-$74,999) High income ($75,000-$149,999) Very high income ($150,000 and up) 2016 (proj.) Education Housing Owner occupied Renter occupied Seasonal, recreational, occasional use Vacant - for sale, for rent, etc. United States Private wage and salary workers Government workers Self-employed Unpaid family workers �Households 1.99 Prosperity Index person average household size Ratio of jobs to workers $164,600 i n_!______ 1.19 owner-occupied median home value 5 Number of jobs per 1,000 residents 296 - ~------1-- -1- -R - -----1000 Number of goods-producing jobs per 1,000 residents 30 Plf----------------' 1000 Ratio of manufacturing workers to retail workers 11 H---------" 0.69 5 Ratio of non-retail workers to workers in retail, arts, accommodations, food 3.83 - - - - -1---1 - :-1 - 5 Workers in arts and entertainment 11% t=f---i11- - - - - - ~ 100% Higher educated residents (bachelor’s degree or higher) 34% I J-------1----~ 100% ---------1~------I- - - - - ~ 100% People in poverty 5.0% I II- - - - - - - ~ 1 100% Children in poverty 10.8% 11~- - - - - - ~ population enrolled in school 94% high school graduate or higher 35% bachelor’s degree or higher Commuting 95% workers who commute 76% commuters who drive alone 28.2 minute average commute Employment 189 jobs 159 workers unemployment rate 13% civilian veterans Income $48,269 median household income $15,556 median earnings for workers $53,438 male full-time, year-round earnings $30,000 5.0% population in poverty 10.8% children in poverty , ,_____ Households receiving food stamps _ _ _ __ 100% Households receiving cash assistance 1.1% Education 10% female full-time, year-round earnings 100% 3.3% median gross rent 9.7% Residents not completing high school 5.8% (not available) I l~l-1+--- - - - - ~ 100% Top Industrial Sectors 40% accommodation and food services 15% public administration 10% health care and social assistance �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 1 4 median home value of $164,600 is one position above the regional median. Most of the homes (79%) are heated with bottled, tank, or liquid petroleum (propane) gas. Another 12% are heated by wood, and the remaining homes stave off the northern Michigan winter with electricity or fuel oil. Education The residents of Arcadia are a welleducated bunch. Over a third of the adults older than 25 have at least a bachelor’s degree (34.3%), a higher proportion than in the aggregated populations of Benzie County, Manistee County, the state of Michigan, or the United States. It is also the second highest proportion in the Lakes to Land region. Conversely, just 5.8% of Arcadians have not earned a high school diploma—the third lowest in the region, and lower than all four aggregate benchmarks. The percentage of Arcadians who are currently enrolled in school is just 10%, which is the second lowest in the region and less than half of state and national percentages. This is a consequence of Arcadia’s relatively high median age of 61.4 years. Among Lakes to Land communities, it is second only to Lake Township, and the old age dependency ratio (number of people aged 65+ / number of people aged 15-64) is also the second highest at 78. This means that the number of elderly persons is equal to 78% of the number of persons who are of workforce age. By contrast, this ratio is 22% in Michigan and 21% nationally. Income Arcadia is becoming a place of choice for high income earners of the region. Male, full-time, year-round workers have a higher median income in Arcadia than in any other Lakes to Land community at $53,438. It is a whopping 178% of the median income for their female counterparts, the largest discrepancy in the region. The $30,000 median annual earnings for female full-time, year-round workers is still in the top third among L2L communities, and overall median annual household income is the fourth highest at $48,269. 4.3: Number of workers by income 45 40 number of workers 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 36% of all workers -- Male full-time, year-round workers All other male workers Female full-time, year-round workers All other female workers �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 1 5 But median earnings for ALL workers, not just full-time, year-round workers, are just $15,556—the second lowest in the entire region. At that salary, it would take 3.1 earners per household to equal the median income, yet the average household size in Arcadia is the third lowest in the region at 1.99. What gives? Table 4.3 suggests that the answer lies with female workers earning less than $7,500, a group that makes up fully 25% of the entire workforce (36% when combined with male workers earning less than $7,500). The relatively high household income suggests that these workers are sharing households with at least one person who has much higher earnings. The poverty rate is low in Arcadia Township: 5% for all persons and 10% for persons under 18. This is about half the rate of county, state, and national benchmarks, and it is tied with Gilmore and Elberta as the second lowest rate in the region for all persons. Accordingly, public assistance is also low: the percentage of households receiving food stamps is the second lowest in the region at 3.3%, and just 1.1% of households receive cash assistance. A quick estimate of a community’s “net worth” can be obtained by dividing its major assets (checking and savings accounts, stocks, bonds, mutual funds) by its major liabilities (home and car loans). The higher the ratio of assets to liabilities, the better insulated the community will be from quick changes in the economy. In Arcadia and eight other Lakes to Land communities, the ratio is 2.93. This figure is higher than that of Benzie County, Michigan, and the United States (2.58, 2.65, 2.41) but lower than Manistee County and the remaining Lakes to Land communities (range: 2.95-3.23). 4.4: Net Worth Assets Checking Accounts $1,326,339 Savings Accounts $3,056,953 U.S. Savings Bonds $105,503 Stocks, Bonds & Mutual Funds $7,981,516 Total $12,470,311 Liabilities Original Mortgage Amount Vehicle Loan Amount 1 Total $3,548,462 $703,077 $4,251,539 Net Worth Assets / Liabilities Occupations This section discusses the occupations and professions in which the residents of Arcadia Township work, whether or not they conduct that work within the township’s boundaries. Thirty percent of Arcadia’s workforce listed their occupational field as “educational services, health care, and social assistance.” Overall, this field had the third highest median annual earnings at $58,875; a breakdown of this figure revealed that median earnings for males in the “health care and social assistance” sector were a startling $163,333 while median annual earnings for females were just $39,167. Construction was the second most popular industry, employing 26 persons or 16% of the workforce, and arts, entertainment, recreation, and accommodation was third with 17 workers (11%). The best-paid occupations overall were the group of professional, scientific, management, 2.93 administrative, and waste management services, with a median annual income of $80,417. Arcadia has the second highest proportion of workers in nonretail fields to those in retail, arts, accommodation, and food services; it has the third lowest percentage of workers in the latter field overall. Although it is not a direct comparison, we can get a sense of the disparity in wages between non-retail workers and those in retail, arts, accommodations, and food service by multiplying the median earnings in each industry by the number of workers in that industry, then dividing the resulting weighted earnings for each category (non-retail and retail, arts, etc.) by the number of workers in it. This average of weighted median earnings, shown in Table 4.4, estimates that non-retail workers in Arcadia earn almost five times as much as workers in retail, arts, accommodation and food service. This ratio is about 2:1 in the case of national, state, and county �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 1 6 benchmarks, which is why it is used as an indicator of prosperity; the specific wages in this area make it a particularly robust one for Arcadia. employees make up almost 40% of the pool, and its 8 businesses represent the greatest concentration of companies in any field. Retail and Business Summary This section discusses the businesses and jobs within Arcadia Township’s borders, whether or not the proprietors and employees are also Arcadia residents. The next greatest number of employees work in public administration (15%), followed by health care and social assistance (10%). Construction had the second greatest number of businesses with 7, employing a total of 15 people (8% of all employees); the four businesses dedicated to retail trade followed with 14 employees. The business summary generated by Esri counts 43 businesses employing 189 people in the township. Although relatively few Arcadian residents work in the accommodation and food service field, it is the most common industry group for those who are employed in the township. Its 75 The table in 4.6 is designed by ESRI to provide a snapshot of retail opportunity by presenting the fullest picture possible of both supply and demand. Supply is calculated by combining the Census of Retail Trade, a portfolio of demographic and business databases, and the Census Bureau’s Nonemployer Statistics data to estimate total sales to households by businesses within the study area. To estimate demand, ESRI combines annual consumer expenditure surveys from the Bureau of Labor and Statistics with its own proprietary Tapestry Segmentation system (Tab 2), yielding a fairly tailored picture of the purchases likely to be made by the inhabitants of the study area We can then arrive at the Retail Gap by subtracting the supply from the demand. A negative number, shown in red on the chart, signifies an oversupply or surplus, while the positive numbers shown in green indicate leakage of sales which are presumably being conducted outside the community. 4.5: Non-retail earnings vs. earnings in retail, art, accommodation, food service Industry Workers Construction Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing, and utilities Professional, scientific, management, administrative waste management services Educational services, and health care and social assistance Other services, except public administration Public administration Total Average of weighted median earnings Retail, art, accommodation, food Retail trade Arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation food services Total Average of weighted median earnings 26 9 9 5 48 14 7 118 Median earnings Weighted median earnings Non-retail $28,750 $28,125 $63,125 $80,417 $56,875 $30,000 $7,917 $747,500 $253,125 $568,125 $402,085 $2,730,000 $420,000 $55,419 $5,176,254 $43,867 13 17 30 $11,250 $7,188 $146,250 $122,196 $268,446 $8,948 Insufficient data for workers in finance/insurance/real estate and wholesale fields resulted in the removal of those 11 workers from this analysis. Source: US Census. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 1 7 4.6: Retail marketplace summary Industry Group NAICS Class. Demand (Retail Potential) Supply (Retail Sales) Retail Gap Motor Vehicle & Parts Dealers 441 $1,168,959 $620,023 $548,936 Automobile Dealers 4411 $940,683 $0 $940,683 Other Motor Vehicle Dealers 4412 $144,133 $620,023 -$475,890 Auto Parts, Accessories & Tire Stores 4413 $84,143 $0 $84,143 Furniture & Home Furnishings Stores 442 $102,872 $0 $102,872 Furniture Stores 4421 $74,681 $0 $74,681 Home Furnishings Stores 4422 $28,191 $0 $28,191 Electronics & Appliance Stores 4431 $121,717 $0 $121,717 Bldg Materials, Garden Equip. & Supply 444 $222,171 $0 $222,171 Stores Bldg Material & Supplies Dealers 4441 $167,537 $0 $167,537 Lawn & Garden Equip & Supply Stores 4442 $54,634 $0 $54,634 Food & Beverage Stores 445 $851,263 $147,840 $703,423 Grocery Stores 4451 $719,636 $0 $719,636 Specialty Food Stores 4452 $58,936 $147,840 -$88,904 Beer, Wine & Liquor Stores 4453 $72,691 $0 $72,691 Health & Personal Care Stores 4,464,461 $215,193 $0 $215,193 Gasoline Stations 4,474,471 $1,055,143 $2,818,280 -$1,763,137 Clothing & Clothing Accessories Stores 448 $106,704 $0 $106,704 Clothing Stores 4481 $71,992 $0 $71,992 Shoe Stores 4482 $16,670 $0 $16,670 Jewelry, Luggage & Leather Goods Stores 4483 $18,042 $0 $18,042 Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book & Music Stores 451 $75,371 $0 $75,371 Sporting Goods/Hobby/Musical Instr Stores 4511 $46,171 $0 $46,171 Book, Periodical & Music Stores 4512 $29,200 $0 $29,200 General Merchandise Stores 452 $727,435 $0 $727,435 Department Stores Excluding Leased Depts. 4521 $383,490 $0 $383,490 Other General Merchandise Stores 4529 $343,945 $0 $343,945 Miscellaneous Store Retailers 453 $115,040 $0 $115,040 Florists 4531 $13,012 $0 $13,012 Office Supplies, Stationery & Gift Stores 4532 $51,875 $0 $51,875 Used Merchandise Stores 4533 $11,268 $0 $11,268 Other Miscellaneous Store Retailers 4539 $38,885 $0 $38,885 Nonstore Retailers 454 $18,773 $0 $18,773 Electronic Shopping & Mail-Order Houses 4541 $301 $0 $301 Vending Machine Operators 4542 $10,796 $0 $10,796 Direct Selling Establishments 4543 $7,676 $0 $7,676 Food Services & Drinking Places 722 $631,105 $1,256,525 -$625,420 Full-Service Restaurants 7221 $349,864 $1,073,141 -$723,277 Limited-Service Eating Places 7222 $219,234 $0 $219,234 Special Food Services 7223 $32,495 $0 $32,495 Drinking Places - Alcoholic Beverages 7224 $29,512 $183,384 -$153,872 Leakage / Surplus Factor Businesses 30.7 100.0 -62.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 100.0 100.0 70.4 100.0 -43.0 100.0 100.0 -45.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 -33.1 -50.8 100.0 100.0 -72.3 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 0 0 1 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 1 8 Commuting It’s a real estate truism that the three most important factors considered by buyers are location, location, and location, yet the traditional measure of housing affordability—surely another consideration hovering near the top of the list—makes no allowance at all for location. The Center for Neighborhood Technology set out to redefine “affordability” to more accurately reflect the proportion of a household’s income that is committed to housing costs, including those incurred while getting to and from that aforementioned location. CNT describes its Housing and Transportation Affordability Index this way: “The traditional measure of affordability recommends that housing cost no more than 30 percent of income. Under this view, three out of four (76 percent) US neighborhoods are considered “affordable” to the typical household. However, that benchmark ignores transportation costs, which are typically a household’s second largest expenditure. The H+T Index offers an expanded view of affordability, one that combines housing and transportation costs and sets the benchmark at no more than 45 percent of household income. Under this view, the number of affordable neighborhoods drops to 28 percent, resulting in a net loss of 86,000 neighborhoods that Americans can truly afford.” CNT’s map has been steadily expanding its coverage since its inception in 2008 and now includes 337 metropolitan areas in the United States. Manistee County has not been analyzed, but Benzie County was considered part of the Traverse City metropolitan area and its neighborhoods are among those that disappear from the affordability map: while the H+T Index shows the average housing cost to be less than 30% of household income for the whole county, the addition of transportation costs to the equation puts the share of household income spent on those two combined items over 45% for all places in the county. For most people, housing is not affordable. At 28.2 minutes, Arcadians’ average commute is longer than any other in the region and also longer than the average commute in Benzie County, Manistee County, Michigan and the United States. Figure 4.7 shows the Arcadia “workshed,” or the geographic area within this average commute, and we can see that it covers a large proportion of the two-county area. A long commute is tough. Everyone who has ever had one knows it subjectively, and a growing body of empirical evidence is pointing to its detrimental effects on happiness, health, and wealth: its costs are rarely fully compensated by our salaries, the minutes spent behind the wheel come at the cost of minutes spent on exercise and meal preparation, and people with long commutes are frankly just less happy than those with shorter ones. About 95% of Arcadian workers have some sort of commute. While the length of a commute may have the greatest effect on the commuter, it’s the method of commuting that has the greatest effect on the environment, and here the news is more encouraging: A sizable portion of commuters carpool (12%), and the 8% of Arcadia’s commuters who walk represent about three times the rate of walkers in aggregated county, state, and national commuting data. Just 76% of Arcadian workers who commute do so by driving alone, a circumstance which maximizes the output of vehicle emissions per commuter. This is in the bottom half of the Lakes to Land communities and fewer than any of the aggregated populations (nationally, the rate is just under 80%). Agricultural Influence Of the 11,745 acres of land that make up Arcadia Township, 2,386 (20%) have an existing land use category of “Agriculture.” This land represents 61 of the 1,024 parcels (6%) in the township. Another 1,324 acres (11%) comprising 26 parcels (3%) are “Natural Resource Related.” Overall, then, about 31% of the land and 9% of the parcels are devoted to “valueadded” land practices. The 2010 Census, however, does not capture any agriculture in Arcadia, as none of the 159 persons who make up the township’s civilian employed population listed “agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting, and mining” as his or her industry. The Business Summary generated by ESRI records just one business within the township’s borders bearing the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) code for “Agriculture, Foresry, Fishing, and Hunting,” and it cites a grand total of one employee. Issues of succession, or passing the farm on to the next generation, while nationally known, also play a significant role in Arcadia. Retiring farmers may still farm their land during their retirement, and thus are �Arcadia workshed L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 1 9 4.7: Arcadia “workshed” Lake Michigan l 28.2 m~ utes f February 21, 2013 ©2013 Esri Made with Esri Business Analyst www.esri.com/ba 800-447-9778 Try it Now! Page 1 of 1 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 0 4.8: Arcadia Bluffs Golf Course (left), Sunset Station (right) unaccounted for in the Census data while they wait for the next generation to take over the business. Seasonal / Tourism The entire Lakes to Land region is affected to varying degrees by a seasonal economy. An abundance of parks and recreation activities combines with the temperate summer weather to create a magnetic pull felt by most inhabitants of the state from spring to fall, and then formidable weather joins a lack of critical mass in economic activity to produce an edge of desolation through the winter months. Arcadia Bluffs is a world-class golf course built in 1999 that offers games, dining, and lodging from April through November. Golf Digest named it to both its ranking of the 100 greatest public courses in the United States and to its general ranking of the 100 greatest courses in the country. There are plenty of people who want to spend much more time in Arcadia than a few rounds of golf, though—maybe even enough to call it home for a season. Housing that is “for seasonal or recreational use” is technically considered “vacant” by the US Census because its rules dictate that a household can only be attached to one primary housing unit, but these homes provide a measure of investment by the seasonal population that cannot be replicated �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 1 elsewhere. A high percentage of seasonal/recreational use homes provides concrete evidence of the value of the area for those purposes. It also provides a measure of a portion of the community which will have a somewhat nontraditional relationship with the community at large: seasonal residents may not have kids in the school system or have the ability to attend most government meetings, but they do pay taxes and take a vital interest in goingson. In some ways, knowing the percentage of seasonal/ recreational housing in a community is the most reliable measure of the accommodations the community must make to include its “part-time” population in its decision-making framework. In Arcadia Township, there are nearly as many homes classified as seasonal / recreational use as there are owner-occupied homes (42.2% and 46.3% respectively). This proportion is high even compared with Benzie and Manistee counties’ aggregated percentages of 33.1% and 24.9%, and it represents a substantive departure from the state and national benchmarks of 5.8% and 3.5%. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 2 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 3 4.9: Building M-22. Photo: Arcadia Area Historical Society Infrastructure For planning purposes, infrastructure is comprised of “the physical components of interrelated systems providing commodities and services essential to enable, sustain, or enhance societal living conditions.” These components, which come together to form the underlying framework that supports our buildings, movements, and activities, usually include our power supply, water supply, sewerage, transportation avenues, and telecommunications. Successful infrastructure is often “experientially invisible,” drawing as little attention in its optimum condition as a smooth road or a running faucet— until it’s not, and then it likely has the potential to halt life as we know it until the toilet flushes again or the lights come back on. It seems we all know the feeling. The American Society of Civil Engineers’ 2013 “Report Card for America’s Infrastructure” gave us a D+ (takeaway headline: “Slightly better roads and railways, but don’t live near a dam”). The Michigan chapter of the ASCE surveyed our state’s aviation, dams, drinking water, energy, navigation, roads, bridges, stormwater, public transit, and wastewater and collection systems in 2009 and gave us a D. Clearly, there is room for improvement all over. But it’s expensive. The ASCE report came with a national price tag of $3.6 trillion in investment before 2020. If this were evenly distributed among the 50 states, it would mean about $72 billion per state—almost half again as much as Michigan’s entire annual budget. The combination of the essential nature of infrastructure with its steep price tag highlights a need for creative problem-solving in this area— precisely the aim of the Lakes to Land Regional Initiative. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 4 Roads The State of Michigan’s Public Act 51, which governs distribution of fuel taxes, requires each local road agency and the Michigan Department of Transportation to report on the condition, mileage, and disbursements for the road and bridge system under its jurisdiction. The Pavement Surface Evaluation and Rating (PASER) system used to report on the condition is a visual survey conducted by transportation professionals that rates the road surface from 1 to 10; roads rated 5 and above are considered to be at least “Fair.” Figure 4.10 depicts all of the roads with PASER ratings of “poor” (1-4) in Benzie and Manistee Counties. The Arcadia Township close-up in the inset reveals poor conditions on Glovers Lake Road, 13 Mile Road, and along the road between the township’s eastern border and Glovers Lake Road which is known by turns as Lumley, Ware, Frederick, and Gilbert Road. LEELANAU CO. P t la a t B BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. ..• Lake Twp. 4.10: Road conditions • Lake Ann Platte Twp. Frankfort ame wp. La Elberta ke M ic h a ig Inland Twp. Homestead Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. I Benzonia . -'- - - - - - - -;- Gilmore Twp. n BENZIE CO. Honor GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Benzonia Twp. WEXFORD CO. Crystal Lake MANISTEE CO. Platt Lake Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Kaleva Portage Lake -- - -- - - - I -------------- ---- -•I -------· I I Manistee Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Manistee Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. Filer Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND Pavement Surface Evaluation and Ratings 0 2 4 8 Miles • Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, NWMCOG 2012 Asset Management Report D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Poor PASER Rating (1 - 4) Major Road Minor Road ' . Bcckett&R.'leder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 5 Trails and regional connections As can be seen in Figure 4.11, there are not presently any local or regional non-motorized trails in Arcadia Township. It’s an absence noted by the citizens, who made the creation of biking and hiking trails their fourth highest priority at the visioning session, and the planning commissioners who formulated that priority into a Cornerstone. The preferred methods of accomplishment as articulated in the Building Blocks include surveying existing sidewalk conditions, conducting a street survey to assess concurrent trail system needs, launching a wayfinding campaign, and promoting the Pleasant Valley Community Center as a trail hub. Neighboring Bear Lake Township’s Building Blocks include a suggestion for partnership with Onekama, Pleasanton, and Arcadia Townships to form the beginning of a sub-regional network. LEELANAU CO. Pl a Ba tt BENZIE CO. y Almira Twp. Lake Ann Platte Twp. Lake Twp. Elberta La ke M ic g hi Homestead Twp. Inland Twp. Weldon Twp. Colfax Twp. Beulah Crystal Lake Twp. BENZIE CO. Frankfort GRAND TRAVERSE CO. Honor WEXFORD CO. 4.11: Recreational trails Benzonia Twp. MANISTEE CO. Platt Lake Crystal Lake Benzonia Gilmore Twp. an Joyfield Twp. Blaine Twp. Thompsonville BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. Copemish Arcadia Twp. Pleasanton Twp. Springdale Twp. Cleon Twp. Bear Lake Bear Lake Ar adia Twp. Maple Grove Twp. Onekama Twp. Onekama Kaleva Portage Lake Manistee Twp. Manistee Filer Twp. Marilla Twp. Bear Lake Twp. Brown Twp. Dickson Twp. Eastlake Norman Twp. Stronach Twp. MANISTEE CO. MANISTEE CO. MASON CO. LAKE CO. LAKES TO LAND Regional Recreational Trails 0 2 4 8 Miles • Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDOT, NWMCOG, GTRLC D City or Village County Boundary Township Boundary Major Road Minor Road Updated: 09-24-13 GTRLC Trail Equestrian Trail Betsie Valley Trail Snowmobile Trail North Country Trail Non-Motorized Multi Use Trail • • Bcckctt&Raeclcr �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 6 Power supply Electricity for Arcadia Township homes and businesses is available from Consumers Energy Company (Jackson). Superior Energy provides natural gas services to many Township residents. While not available throughout the Township, the primarily populated areas are served and future connections are possible. Service from “alternative energy suppliers” is also available through Michigan’s Electric Customer Choice program. Public Act 295 of 2008 requires Michigan electric providers’ retail supply portfolio to include at least 10% renewable energy by 2015. The Michigan Public Service Commission’s 2012 report estimates renewables to make up 4.7% of the energy supply that year. Figure 4.12 shows the US Environmental Protection Agency’s analysis of renewable energy potential in the Lakes to Land region. Water and sewer Arcadia Township is not served by public water and sanitary sewer systems; water supply and sewage disposal are dependent upon well and septic systems. This isn’t necessarily an issue in the greater township, where parcels are large enough for and soils are compatible with well and septic systems. However, challenges are encountered in Arcadia’s small village setting, which has a density of 4 to 6 homes per acre on lots occupying 6,000 to 9,000 square feet. Here, specific dimensional requirements related to siting well and septic systems, such as isolation distances from adjacent systems and the built environment, may take up so much of a parcel that the lot is rendered unbuildable. Some commercial lots are also so small that after meeting parking requirements and siting well and septic systems, there may be little room for the business. Future growth of the Township in the commercial and village areas may be dependent on further investigation into how water and sanitary sewage issues are resolved. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 7 4.12: Renewable energy potential Wind Resource Power Resource Class Wlm 2 Potential Arcadia Poor 1 0-200 2 3 200-300 Marginal 300-400 Fair Good 4 400-500 - 5 500-600 - Excellent 6 600-800 - Outstanding 7 >800 - Superb Biomass Resource Metric TonsMear < 50,000 Resource Potential CJ Low n 50,000 -100,000 Arcadia Marginal 100,000 -150,000 - Good 150,000 - 250,000 - Very Good 250,000 - 500, 000 - Excellent > 500,000 - Solar Resource k1Mllrn2/day Outstanding Resource Potential < 3.6 Moderate > 3.5-4 Arcadia > 4-S > 5-6 >6 EPA Tracked Siles o Abandoned Mine Land • Brownfield • RCRA O Federal Superfund • Non-Federal Superfund Good 1111 1111 Very Good Excellent �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 8 4.13: Proposed Merit fiber-optic network REACH-3MC & Merit’s Fiber-Optic Network Infrastructure KEWEENAW Calumet Houghton Duluth Ontonagon Superior HOUGHTON Baraga ONTONAGON BARAGA Odanah Ashland Ironwood GOGEBIC Marquette Covington Wakefield Watersmeet DICKINSON Crystal Falls Sault Ste. Marie, Canada LUCE Eckerman Seney Gwinn IRON Munising MARQUETTE ALGER MACKINAC St. Ignace Manistique Iron Mountain Powers Mackinaw City Cheboygan Escanaba Indian River Onaway EMMET MENOMINEE Marinette Sault Ste. Marie CHIPPEWA SCHOOLCRAFT DELTA Sagola Petoskey Charlevoix CHARLEVOIX Menominee LEELANAU Grayling Manistee MANISTEE Lake City WEXFORD MISSAUKEE GLADWIN - CLARE ISABELLA Big Rapids NEWAYGO MuskegonMUSKEGON Allendale Holland Zeeland OTTAWA Benton Harbor ment Howard City NETWORK INC Flint Corunna EATON BARRY Marshall CALHOUN LIVINGSTON Southfield INGHAM Jackson JACKSON ST. JOSEPH Detroit Ann Arbor WASHTENAW WAYNE Adrian BRANCH Marysville MACOMB Rochester OAKLAND HILLSDALE LENAWEE Windsor, Canada Monroe Centreville Coldwater Hillsdale CASS ST. CLAIR GENESEE CLINTON KENT KALAMAZOO Cassopolis LAPEER SAGINAW SHIAWASSEE IONIA Kalamazoo Berrien Springs BERRIEN SANILAC TUSCOLA GRATIOT MONTCALM VAN BUREN HURON Bay City Saginaw Lansing/ East Lansing ALLEGAN BAY MIDLAND Midland Grand Rapids Tawas City IOSCO ARENAC Mt. Pleasant MECOSTA 0 Network Node Gladwin Clare OSCEOLA MASON OCEANA REACH-3MC Round II Fiber Oscoda West Branch OGEMAW ROSCOMMON LAKE REACH-3MC Round I Fiber ALCONA Houghton Lake Luther Ludington Merit Fiber Mio Rose City CRAWFORD KALKASKA Cadillac Key OSCODA Kalkaska Green Bay Alpena Hillman OTSEGO Traverse City GRAND BENZIE TRAVERSE Posen Gaylord ANTRIM Beulah Rogers City PRESQUE ISLE CHEBOYGAN MONTMORENCY ALPENA MONROE Cleveland Toledo Chicago July 2, 2012 Telecommunications Connect Michigan, our arm of the national agency dedicated to bringing broadband access to every citizen, calculates that such success has already been achieved in 97% of households in Benzie and Manistee Counties. Figure 4.13 further shows that the remaining unserved areas are mostly in the counties’ inland areas rather than in the Lakes to Land communities. Still, improved broadband access came up in several of the visioning sessions, including Arcadia’s. There is certainly room for improvement, particularly in terms of increased speed, provider choice, and types of platforms available. In January 2010, Merit Network was awarded American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funds to launch REACH-3MC (Rural, Education, Anchor, Community, and Healthcare—Michigan Middle Mile Collaborative), a statewide fiber-optic network for “community anchor institutions” such as schools and libraries. The completion of the line between Manistee and Beulah, serving the Lakes to Land region, was announced on December 28, 2012. What does this mean? Besides extending leading-edge direct service to organizations that serve the public, the REACH-3MC network uses an open access model that welcomes existing and new internet service providers to join. By constructing the “middle mile” between providers and users, the REACH-3MC cable removes a significant barrier to rural broadband by absorbing up to 80% of an internet service provider’s startup costs. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 2 9 4.14: Broadband service inventory in Benzie and Manistee Counties Broadband Service Inventory Empire Township ' Advertised Speeds of at Least 768 Kbps Downstream and 200 Kbps Upstream Benzie County I Platte Township BETA Version Submit questions or recommended changes to: maps@connectmi.org Lake Township As required by the US Department of Commerce's State Broadband Initiative, if broadband service is available to at least one household in a census block, then for mapping purposes, that census block is reported to have some level of broadband availability. As such, broadband availability at an exact address location cannot be guaranteed. Providers supplying more specific data than census block are displayed as such. P -4i BENZIE Crystal Lake Township Frankfort Township P FRANKFORT 1.3 Miles P Homestead Township Benzonia Township BEULAH I I P ELBERTA P BENZONIA Green Lake Township GRAND TRAVERSE I City I Gilmore Township Interstate Inland Township I Symbology P ------ I I HONOR ,,, ± Long Lake Township LAKE ANN I Map users are encouraged to participate in improving broadband data granularity through data validation and field testing efforts. Learn more about this and other broadband mapping facts at www.connectmi.org. 0.325 0.65 P I This map represents areas of broadband service availability determined by ongoing, in-depth technical analysis of provider networks and accommodations for the impact of external factors on service quality. Satellite broadband services may also be available. 0 Solon Township Almira Township I I @)) MiclirgaH *This map is not a guarantee of coverage, contains areas with no service, and generally predicts where outdoor coverage is available. Equipment, topography and environment affect service. Kasson Township I Michigan Updated April 1, 2013 -- - US Road Local Road Municipal Boundary Township Boundary County Boundary National and State Lands Water Blaine Township Fiber Broadband Available Weldon Township Joyfield Township Colfax Township Grant Township Cable Broadband Available DSL Broadband Available Fixed Wireless Broadband Available Mobile Wireless Broadband Available* P Unserved Areas Arcadia Township All Rights Reserved. © Copyright 2013, Connected Nation, Washington, D.C. 20010. Pleasanton Township Broadband Service Inventory Blaine Township Advertised Speeds of at Least 768 Kbps Downstream and 200 Kbps Upstream P Manistee County THOMPSONVILLE Springdale Township Joyfield Township Cleon Township P Weldon Township THOMPSONVILLE Colfax Township GRAND TRAVERSE ARCADIA P Arcadia Township Michigan Wexford Township Pleasanton Township COPEMISH Springdale Township Cleon Township Wexford Township Maple Grove Township KALEVA Marilla Township Springville Township Updated April 1, 2013 BETA Version Submit questions or recommended changes to: maps@connectmi.org @)) MiclirgaH *This map is not a guarantee of coverage, contains areas with no service, and generally predicts where outdoor coverage is available. Equipment, topography and environment affect service. P As required by the US Department of Commerce's State Broadband Initiative, if broadband service is available to at least one household in a census block, then for mapping purposes, that census block is reported to have some level of broadband availability. As such, broadband availability at an exact address location cannot be guaranteed. Providers supplying more specific data than census block are displayed as such. Bear Lake Township Onekama Township This map represents areas of broadband service availability determined by ongoing, in-depth technical analysis of provider networks and accommodations for the impact of external factors on service quality. Satellite broadband services may also be available. BEAR LAKE P Map users are encouraged to participate in improving broadband data granularity through data validation and field testing efforts. Learn more about this and other broadband mapping facts at www.connectmi.org. P ONEKAMA ± 0 0.45 0.9 WEXFORD MANISTEE 1.8 Miles Brown Township Symbology P Dickson Township Manistee Township City Slagle Township Interstate US Road Local Road Municipal Boundary Township Boundary P MANISTEE County Boundary National and State Lands P EASTLAKE Water Fiber Broadband Available P Cable Broadband Available STRONACH WELLSTON Norman Township Stronach Township Filer Township DSL Broadband Available P South Branch Township Fixed Wireless Broadband Available Mobile Wireless Broadband Available* Unserved Areas All Rights Reserved. © Copyright 2013, Connected Nation, Washington, D.C. 20010. MASON Grant Township Free Soil Township Meade Township Elk Township LAKE Eden Township Newkirk Township �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 1 Photo: Google Earth Land Arcadia Township has some of the most distinctive topography in the region—and, probably, the world. The fiery curve of steep slopes toward the top of Figure 4.16 depict the outer edges of a glacier’s gouge. Its great, icy runoff tumbled down the ridges to land in wooded wetlands lining the back of the newly-formed basin, strands sliding down paths of least resistance on their journey toward the freshly-carved Lake Michigan bay. Schimke as they and their cargo of trout traveled by, landing in the wooded wetlands at the base of the inland slopes and coming together to finish their journey as one. Roads and rails were added to the repertoire of surface cover. Society had been firmly imprinted on the land—”land use” had superseded “topography.” The water level receded, exposing the low-lying bowl into which the lake and village that share Arcadia’s name are nestled. Sediment deposited by the creeks on their way to the open water met sand driven landward by the prevailing westerly winds, separating Lake Michigan from the inland waters and sending them seeping northward along the ridge. Michigan’s famous pine forest began to take root. By the early 20th century, the land began to make itself heard again. The trees waned, taking the fortunes and populations they had sparked with them. Fires extinguished nearly all the manufacturing plants, and drought destroyed nearly all the edible plants. The relentless Lake Michigan waves deposited sand back into the harbor faster than either citizens or industry could afford to remove it. It would be to that forest that the next wave of earth-shapers looked most keenly. By the time Henry Starke arrived to set up his lumber mills, the trapped pool of water had been christened Bar Lake; after a couple of decades, Starke dredged the channel that transformed the lake at Arcadia into a safe harbor for ships and vessels. The creeks were given names like Lucker, Van Bushkirk, Tondu, Bowens, and The population of Arcadia today is about two-thirds what it was at the close of the community’s industrial age. Nearly half of the land area is connected directly to the people, either as residential parcels or sites of the leisure activities so prized across the region. Another 40% is respected on its own merits: forest, agriculture, natural resources. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 2 Land Dashboard Percentages indicate proportion of total land area except where noted TOPOGRAPHY Elevation Slopes Critical dunes 0-1 degrees: 3,124 acres 27% Low: 575 feet above sea level 1.1-5 degrees: 3,654 acres 31% High: 1,025 feet above sea level 5.1-9 degrees: 1,839 acres 16% Range: 450 feet 9.1-16 degrees: 1,828 acres 16% 16.1-80 degrees: 605 acres 5% 0 acres WATER Lakes 248.3 acres 2% Rivers Wetlands 32 miles 0.3% Emergent (characterized by erect, rooted aquatic plants with green/soft stems, excluding mosses and lichens): 169 acres 1.4% Trout Streams: 14.3 miles 44% of river length Lowlands, Shrub, Wooded (characterized by low elevation and woody vegetation): 807 acres 7% PUBLIC LAND USE Roads Regional Trails 53.8 miles 0.66 miles 0.5% 0.01% Conserved Land State Land GTRLC: Commercial Forest Act: 832 acres 7% 84 acres 0.7% Federal Land 0 acres �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 3 4.16: Natural Features map BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. k a L e M i i h c n a g ARCADIA TWP. PLEASANTON TWP. Arcadia Lake ' ...... ; ~ -----:,- ~ J L-• r' r ~ . /- •J ~ -1 ...... , ,, I -:~ I 'i4 22 ' ., I'.' •• ARCADIA TWP. ONEKAMA TWP. LAKES TO LAND 0 0.25 0.5 1 Miles Arcadia Township Natural Features Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, MDNR County Boundary Township Boundary Major Roads Minor Roads Wetland Type: CJ Lowland, Shrub, or Wooded CJ Emergent Trout Stream Slope Degree: CJ 9.1 - 16 1111 16.1 - 50 B Updated: 04-09-13 R I Beckett&Raed r �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 4 Land use that may be undertaken to achieve the desired future land use. But at the heart of planning for future land use is a picture of how the physical development of the community will take shape. Simply put, this section describes how, physically, the community will look in 15 to 20 years. guided by the goals developed earlier in the master planning process—the Cornerstones and Building Blocks presented earlier in this plan. Although the future land use map is a policy document rather than a regulatory document, meaning that it is not legally binding once adopted, it is used to guide the creation of the zoning ordinance and the zoning map, and it supports land use decisions about variances, new development, and sub-area planning. That makes it perhaps the most important part of your master plan, as it defines how community land uses should be organized into the future. The land use section of this master plan provides an analysis of existing land use conditions and a proposed future land use development scenario. It contains two distinct maps: the existing land use map and future land use map. The existing land use map depicts how the property within the jurisdiction is currently developed. It shows how the land is actually used, regardless of the current zoning, lack of zoning, or future land use map designation—it is what you see happening on the property. The future land use map of a master plan is a visual representation of a community’s decisions about the type and intensity of development for every area of the municipality. These decisions, represented by the community’s land use categories, are based on a variety of factors and are Factors considered when preparing the future land use map include: 1. Community Character. How will the land uses promote that character? 2. Adaptability of the Land. What physical characteristics (wetlands, ridges, lakes, etc.) need to be considered when planning for future development? How do the land uses for those areas reflect the uniqueness of the land? 3. Community Needs. What additional housing, economic development, infrastructure, or other needs should the community A part of the development of the future land use map is a discussion of the major land use related issues facing the community, how they interrelate with the Cornerstones and Building Blocks, and strategies 4.17: Existing land use chart and map EXISTING LAND USE Acres 11,746 total ------- Parcels 1,024 total Agriculture Forest Natural Resource Related 108 1 1687 2386 Industrial, Manufacturing, Warehousing Mass Assembly Shopping, Business, Trade 1133 3 152 61 26 30 8 19 35 Transportation 999 Residential Cottage / Resort 220 Residential Rural Residential Settlement 1324 3472 9 547 25 256 Social / Institutional 32 Leisure Activities 31 Unclassified / Vacant 205 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 5 BENZIE CO. Taylor MANISTEE CO. n Bur Ta ylo r Taylor ham Zilch ç ? Jungle Inn No rm Saint Pierre Norman Glovers Lake Gilbert 5th 6th 3rd 4th 2nd Pine Lake Zilch Northwood iew est v For Spruc e S t ar k e Manke Oak 1st i Sorrenson 7th La ke M i h c n ga an State Grebe Ware s oll Frederick er I ng Chamberlain Lumley Ware ff Iverson Oak lu Maxey Lake B 2nd 5th Spr u ce Northwood ç ? ARCADIA TWP. PLEASANTON TWP. Arcadia Lake Northwood Hull Nelson Bischoff Lake 4th 3rd Alkire Saint Pierre Division Mill Erdman Sta rke State Iverson 6th 5th 1st Norconk Pine Hazel Steffins nd Lakela Grebe 1,000 2,000 Feet Gear Leos ç ? La k ev Milarch 500 ç ? Churchill Churchill Lin d en 0 Northwood Arcadia Lake Schaef ie w ARCADIA TWP. 13 Mile ONEKAMA TWP. LAKES TO LAND 0 13 Mile 0.25 0.5 1 Miles Arcadia Township Existing Land Use • Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, Benzie and Manistee County Equalization CJ Agriculture CJ Forest CJ Industrial CJ Leisure Activities CJ Mass Assembly CJ Natural Resources Updated: 05-30-13 CJ Residential, Cottage / Resort ~ Residential, Rural CJ Residential, Settlement CJ Shopping, Business, or Trade CJ Social / Institutional CJ Unclassified / Vacant CJ Parcel Boundary County Boundary Township Boundary Road B R ( Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 6 consider planning for? 4. Services. How are we ensuring that existing infrastructure is used efficiently, and that new infrastructure is planned for areas where new development is anticipated? 5. Existing and New Development. How will new development in the community relate to existing development? Existing and future land use maps are both different from a zoning map, which is the regulatory document depicting the legal constraints and requirements placed on each parcel of land. The parcels are classified into zoning districts, which are based on the future land use map. When owners want to develop or use their property in ways that do not conform to the zoning map, the planning commission uses the future land use map and the master plan to consider whether the proposed development conforms to existing regulations and policy. Three land use concerns in Arcadia, and the subsequent strategies to deal with those concerns, include the following: 1. How to grow the light industrial corridor along M-22 and Lake Street so that Arcadia is creating the type of place its citizens envision; 2. How to address specific residential sub-areas of the community in a thoughtful, logical, and meaningful manner in order to achieve regulatory mechanisms that shape each unique area; 3. How to preserve scenic rural character. Rural scenic character preservation Scenic rural character in Arcadia evokes the feelings of an understanding of the unique characteristics of the community and the people who live here. In a nut-shell, it is what makes Arcadia Arcadia. So when asked, “What is scenic rural character?” a respondent might answer, “It’s the orchards lining M-22,” or, “It’s the views of Arcadia Marsh as it flows through Lake Arcadia into Lake Michigan,” or, “It’s the folks who farm their land and sell it at their fruit and vegetable stands,” or, “It’s the dirt roads with trees gently swaying in the warm summer wind.” While the notion of scenic rural character is somewhat elusive, the Township wants to ensure that keeping the rural scenic character is tangible, definable, and measurable. While an agricultural economy is one of the primary methods of preserving rural character, it is not the only method. In Arcadia, agriculture speaks to its history but not necessarily to the future, especially large-scale agricultural operations that require large tracts of land. More practically, agriculture in Arcadia will take the form of smaller fruit operations with value-added components. With that said, the increasing residential development moving to Arcadia for the rural scenic character will need to balance the challenges of rural living with their expectations. This master plan calls for balancing rural scenic character preservation with increasing development pressures. In many cases, it will not be“what” is developed but “how” it is developed that will dictate the success or failure to preserve the rural scenic character. Producing a Rural Scenic Character Preservation Plan is one first step in the right direction to ensuring that the “how” is done in a manner reflective of the values of the community. In regard to land use development, an eye toward efficient use of land where open space is valued, large lots do not become fragmented, and clustering of development towards higher density areas is a preferable approach to achieving the goals of rural scenic character preservation and development. Very specifically, residential development patterns need to reflect conservation based design methods. One such method is to move away from minimum lot size standards towards density-based zoning. Minimum lot size standards means that you are required to have a minimum amount of land for development of a single dwelling within a zoning district. (i.e. Minimum lot size = 10 acres, meaning 1 home on a 10 acre lot). Whereas in density based zoning, the number of single-family homes is based on a formula that considers the entire land area. (i.e. 1 home per 10 acres, meaning the lot size doesn’t matter as long as it is one home per 10 acres). Density based zoning relies upon a total permissible number of dwelling units that may be built upon any given parcel of land. For example, a 40-acre parcel with a density of 1 dwelling unit per 10 acres would allow 4 dwelling units to be built on the 40 acre parcel. Notice that there isn’t a minimum lot size required. As long as there is room for septic and well, the lots could be as small as 1.5 or 2 acres, but this is left to the discretion of the property owner and the limitation of existing infrastructure. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 7 4.18: Densitybased zoning Top: A 40-acre parcel with 1 home per 10 acres under standard zoning Bottom: A 40-acre parcel with 1 home per 10 acres under density-based zoning �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 8 The dwelling lots would only occupy 25% or less of the total land area. This scenario results in greater density with even greater open space preservation for agricultural or recreational purposes than under the traditional minimum lot size scenario. Sliding scale zoning (establishes a schedule that dictates the number of lots on a parcel but doesn’t necessarily dictate lot size), clustering development (simply grouping of the dwelling lots in the most developmentally desirable portion of the parcel) and the use of density bonuses (additional lots are allowed if certain stipulations or conditions are met) are all tools that the community could use in its zoning ordinance framework to yield the benefits of density based zoning. The ultimate goal is to increase the ability to preserve rural scenic character while still accommodating residential development pressures and support agricultural practices. This master plan supports creative and innovative methods to achieve such a balance. The benefits of density-based zoning are: 1. The landowner is able to develop portions of the land, receive monetary compensation, and also be sympathetic to the natural assets found on the property. Portions of the land may be preserved in permanent conservation easements allowing farming, timber, or passive recreation. 2. Infrastructure (road and utility) cost is significantly decreased due to clustering of homes in a single area. 3. Provides for access management by providing shared access, which limits number of driveways along a roadway. 4. Cost of Community Services (CSS) is greater for residential land uses vs. agricultural land uses 5. High residential density in rural areas requires jobs and services which are often not present. 6. Clustering of homes allows for use of community well and septic systems if desired for cost savings. Growing Economic Development Opportunities Along M-22 The area reserved for light industrial development along M-22 is both home to residents and a stopping point for travelers passing through, providing auto related services, lodging, retail, and recreation. This growing corridor is an important piece of Arcadia’s development, and it has the potential to either draw people in or to detract from all that Arcadia has to offer. How this area looks and functions as an economic generator and opportunity is very important. It has always been the goal to develop the corridor as a place where individuals can work and live, often on the same parcel, providing economic opportunities for residents of the Township. In order to develop this growing corridor, special attention must be given to the design concept (what we want it to look like), access to M-22, parking demands, architecture, character, and streetscape amenities. In addition, tying each piece of the corridor into an integrated whole is important to ensure compatibility with the historic business district, neighborhoods, and the natural assets of the community. Street-based frontage standards, design guidelines and use standards are components that should be created to assist in developing the M-22 corridor. There are some non-conforming uses within the area that have historically been successful. It is the intent of this master plan to continue to allow those uses while encouraging them to meet leading practice standards for the development of the township as a whole. The community and this master plan support the non-conforming uses and encourage, within the scope of the zoning ordinance, their continued prosperity. While warehousing or storage is a prevalent use in the area, this master plan does not support warehousing and storage within the 400’ feet from the centerline of M-22 east and 400’ north and south from the centerline of Glovers Lake Road. This master plan envisions the commercial area located 400’ from the centerline of M-22 as an area reserved for light industrial uses that are well buffered and isolated from residential uses. In fact, these light industrial uses are not intended to be seen from M-22 and shared access drives (including an interior roadway) are proposed to ensure minimal curb cuts to M-22 while providing access to interior lots. Signage and other advertising aspects will be kept to a minimum with limited lighting and size requirements. This area is not only intended to be home to the many specialized trades businesses that exist in Arcadia but to also provide an incubator for future endeavors. Because walkability is so important in the township, it is critical that the area between the buildings and moving �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 3 9 lanes of M-22 be used effectively. Therefore, the design of the public and private frontages must be thought of as a single, cohesive physical element. This space is made up of two zones: the private and public frontage. Visually these two zones must function together and be seen as one. Pedestrians walking throughout the township must feel buffered from the traffic of M-22 in order for the goal of walkability to be achieved and the rural scenic character preserved, while at the same time, commercial development must be encouraged. The following suggestions are given to assist in buffering the impact of traffic for pedestrians who are walking and biking along the public portion of the corridor: • • • • Provide a planning strip between the sidewalk and the roadright-of-way that is generous and green, lined with street trees, streetlights, benches, and wayfinding signage; Provide curbside parking, if possible; Provide a public sidewalk of sufficient width for two people to pass each other comfortably (i.e. five to six feet); Provide bicycle lanes and informational kiosks. The following suggestions are given to assist buffering the impact of traffic for pedestrians who are walking and biking along the privately owned portion of the corridor: • • • Provide front stoops, canopies, and/or porches; Provide front yards; Provide frontage plants and trees; What Arcadia Township DOES want in the development of the M-22 corridor: • • • • • • • • Retail that supports a local and regional framework. Commercial development that first occurs on sites in the geographical center of the community, nearest the largest crossroad locations and population centers (nodal development), such as Glovers Lake Road and M-22. Clustered development which allows multiple uses on one piece of property but is located in the rear of the property utilizing a shared access point, includes landscaping to buffer the use and/or enhance the corridor, has rear parking, incorporates walkability in the site design, and has the appropriate amount of parking spaces without developing a sea of unused impervious asphalt. Single use development that is located in the rear of the property, utilizes any shared access points of neighboring uses, includes landscaping to buffer the use and/or enhance the corridor, has rear parking, and incorporates walkability in the site design. Warehousing and storage to be at least 400’ from the centerline of M22 and north and south of Glovers Lake Road. Ground-mounted, non-lit signage with shared users displayed. Development that is in keeping with the historic and maritime character of the Township. Consideration of the look of the corridor and how the functionality of the public and private space affects non-motorized transportation uses and people’s use of the space. Installation of quality landscaping, streetscape amenities including lights, benches, sidewalks, planters, etc. What Arcadia Township does NOT want in the development of the M-22 corridor: • • • • • • • • • Free-standing stores surrounded by asphalt parking lots with many driveways, high intensity illumination of lights, and limited landscaping; Signs that are inappropriate as a result of their size and character; Buildings that are not visually interesting nor in keeping with the character of the community; Uses that may degrade the natural environment, including Arcadia Marsh; Roadways that are edged with no, or too narrow, sidewalks and/or pathways, have little or no pedestrian amenities, and are not designed for multi-modal transportation methods (bikes, walking, cars); Public areas of the corridor devoid of streetscape amenities such as benches, lights, landscaping; Intersections with multi-phased signals that may have two or even three left-turn pockets, widening the crossing distance even more at busy intersections; A long, undifferentiated corridor dominated by retail uses and commercial activities that detracts from the rural scenic character of the community and does not encourage the placemaking strategy of this master plan; General ugliness as the natural vegetation is replaced with little to no landscaping and the built infrastructure takes on a harsh character that has no permeability. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 4 0 4.19: Deed restrictions vs. zoning Point Arcadia Subdivision Restrictive Deed Star-Key Point Subdivision Restrictive Deed Single Family Residential, Two Family Residential, Marinas, Family Day Care, Adult Foster Care, Places of Worship/ Assembly, Educational Establishments Single Family Residential Single Family Residential Single Family Residential, Camp Related Resort Residential, StarKey Point Subdivision, Camp Arcadia: Front: 25’ Side: 10’ Rear: 25’ Waterfront: 100’ Front: 45’ Side: 10’ Rear /Waterfront: 100’, except a few lots 65’ & 75’ Front: No requirement Side: 5’ Rear: No requirement Front: 25’ Side: 10% of lot width Rear: 25’ No requirement No requirement No requirement Arcadia Zoning Ordinance Use Setbacks Camp Arcadia L.L.C. Restrictive Deed Point Arcadia, Point Arcadia Subdivision Front: 25’ Side: 10’ Rear: 25’ Waterfront: 50’ Minimum Lot Size Other Resort Residential: 20,000 sq. ft. Point Arcadia: 12,000 sq. ft. • Fences are allowed • No fences • Accessory buildings are • No out buildings allowed • Must submit a site plan • Additional uses are to corporation allowed • Accessory structures are • No detached garages, allowed but may not doors must not face be used for housing or street residential purposes. • No tree clearing • Easements of feet in without approval width from the property • Must complete work in line on the roadside 6 months and side property line exist for various infrastructure. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 4 1 • • Provide low walls, fences, or hedges at the back of the sidewalk; Provide grade elevation changes at frontage. The M-22 corridor will continue to have a scenic rural character as development will occur in the rear of the lots, ample vegetative buffering will block or soften the view of the development, uses will be clustered to leave open space which includes space for non-motorized transportation, and visual clutter will be kept at a minimum. Uses that front M-22 will have parking in the rear, integrated sidewalks and paths, landscaping, and other design features. Sub-area planning The master plan recognizes the unique and historical aspects of Point Arcadia, Star-Key Point, Camp Arcadia and the historic Arcadia neighborhoods. Each sub-area has its own unique regulatory challenges based on the its distinct identity. Each area was built at a different point in history and for a different purpose. This master plan calls for the establishment of four new Future Land Use categories to address each area’s special, unique needs. With an understanding of the limitations of these areas to meet current zoning requirements, the township desires to facilitate the historical patterns of land use and development despite nonconformity with existing zoning rules. This goal may be achieved through flexible zoning regulations, applicable only to these areas, or a part of the area, predicated on sections 502 and 503 of the Michigan Zoning Enabling Act (special land use, and planned use development) and aligned with existing conditions found within each sub-area. Camp Arcadia is a camp with an associated single-family residential development. Due to the age of the camp, it has non-conforming uses and dimensional characteristics; however, the development pattern of the Camp is in keeping with typical camp environments and is supported by this master plan. Currently, meeting current zoning requirements proves very difficult, as dimensional and use requirements of the zoning ordinance are difficult to meet or not applicable to the development of a “camp.” For the Camp Arcadia area, a special SubArea Plan would allow for investigation into crafting a framework for approval of various principal and accessory uses as well as dimensional requirements under the umbrella of a broad-based special land use permit. Coupled with the flexibility inherent in a planned unit type mechanism, the township is looking to create a comprehensive set of land use designations that allows for developmental flexibilities within the defined perimeter of the subject areas. Point Arcadia and Star-Key Point are residential subdivisions that currently have use and dimensional requirements written within their deed and covenants that meet or exceed the current Zoning Ordinance requirements. Both areas are unique in that they front Lake Michigan and Lake Arcadia. The Star-Key subdivision is notable in that the subdivision fronts two bodies of water. Thus, space is at a premium, making home improvements and/or additions difficult. Currently, Star-Key Point Road is a dirt one-track path located within the boundaries of the subdivision platted road. Multiple uses have, over time, encroached into the platted road. The entire area is in need of a survey to determine exact locations of property lines and roads. Point Arcadia is the township’s typical suburban, larger-lot residential subdivision located next to the historic neighborhoods of Arcadia. Well and septic may be located within this area more easily than in other places near the Village core. The subdivision is not well integrated into the historic neighborhoods of Arcadia, and the development of methods to create a seamless transition from one area to another is important to creating cohesive neighborhoods. Part of the Sub-Area Plan is an analysis of the deed restrictions/ covenants and by-laws. In most cases, the deed restrictions/covenants are more restrictive on land uses and dimensional requirements than the Arcadia Township Zoning Ordinance. A deed restriction or covenant is a document that details what the property owner can and cannot do on the property. The covenant “runs with the land,” meaning that current and future owners of the property are subject to the covenant requirements. Articles and by-laws are homeowners’ association documents that dictate a number of mandatory obligations and restrictions which are only imposed upon those members who belong to the association. Not all people who live in a subdivision are members of the association, and those who aren’t do not have to abide by the articles and by-laws of the association that is in place for their development. All individuals who own land in �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 4 2 4.20: Future land use map BENZIE CO. MANISTEE CO. an Jungle Inn No rm an Spruc e 7th Lake Mill Zilch M Glovers Lake Gilbert 6th Pine 4th 5th 3rd 2nd Oak 1st e S ta rk Norman anke Saint Pierre est v iew Northwood Sorrenson For M h ham La ke ic ig Taylor Zilch n Bur Ta ylo r Hazel Grebe Ware er ARCADIA TWP. PLEASANTON TWP. s oll Frederick Ing Chamberlain Ware Alkire Erdman Iverson 6th Norconk Pine State Sta rke Iverson Maxey Lake Bluff Mill 5th 1st 4th 3rd Lake Hazel Steffins nd Lakela Grebe 1,300 Leos La k e v 2,600 Feet ie w LAKES TO LAND Milarch 650 Churchill Churchill Gear Northwood Schaef Arcadia Lake 0 Nelson Bischoff Saint Pierre Division Paluszny 7th 5th 2nd Oak Northwood Spr u ce Lumley Arcadia Lake Northwood Hull ARCADIA TWP. ONEKAMA TWP. 13 Mile 0 13 Mile 0.25 0.5 1 Miles Arcadia Township Future Land Use • Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, Benzie and Manistee County Equalization 1111 Business CJ Camp Arcadia CJ Light Industrial 1111 Marina CJ Point Arcadia CJ Preserve Updated: 08-13-14 CJ Residential Settlement 1111 Rural Agriculture CJ Rural Residential 1111 Star-Key Point Parcel Boundary County Boundary Township Boundary Road B R I Beckett&Raeder �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 4 3 the subdivision must abide by the restrictive deed and covenants. The community is working to maintain the historic character of the existing neighborhoods. Future development of vacant parcels will have a grid street pattern that connects to the existing street network. Other infrastructure improvements include building, maintaining, and/or reopening alleys. In order to encourage re-investment, the township should consider aligning the dimensional requirements of the zoning ordinance to the actual dimensions of the existing neighborhood to ensure that what is found today may be replicated in future development and redevelopment. The township recognizes that dimensions of many existing lots do not easily, if at all, accommodate well and septic systems per the State health code. Rather than making them non-conforming, they can be regulated in a manner that will allow future development on vacant parcels and redevelopment of existing lots, subject to the State of Michigan Health Department approvals and with minimal setback standards. Future land use categories There are 10 categories, also referred to as “classifications” or “designations,” contained on the Future Land Use map. Seven of the categories are residential classifications, and three are commercial. The intent of the future land use strategy is to plan for future land use density and intensity that fits the historical patterns of existing development while also considering the community’s natural resources. In addition, the future land use strategy calls for understanding not only existing land use patterns but also the current dimensional and design characteristics. The township can use this information to build future regulatory mechanisms that will advance development expectations to make it easier to develop and re-develop. Because Arcadia has a number of unique neighborhoods and commercial areas that draw on different characteristics and were originally developed in different ways, at different times, and based upon different standards, this master plan calls for creating future land use categories that identify and support those unique characteristics and circumstances with an eye towards cohesiveness, connectivity and character development. A “one size fits all” regulatory approach was not found to be appropriate. Unique, distinct but definitely Arcadian is how the future land use plan approaches the development of the different subareas of the township. The following future land use categories by land use type are: RESIDENTIAL Residential Settlement Rural Residential Rural Agriculture Point Arcadia Star-Key Point Camp Arcadia ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE Preserve ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Light Industrial Marina Business Residential Settlement This land use category describes the historic neighborhoods of Arcadia and is designed to promote their continuation. The homes represent traditional nineteenth-century architecture. Homes are arranged close to the street with rear garages accessed by an alley. Arranged in a grid configuration, the streets are wide enough for on-street parking but close enough to maintain an intimate neighborhood character. Trees and sidewalks line the streets, alleys provide rear entry to garages located in the backyard, and front porches beckon neighbors to sit and talk. A church may be found in the middle of the neighborhood along with neighborhood parks. Within walking distance to businesses, civic, and recreational amenities, the Residential Settlement area is the premier place to live for individuals looking for a more urban environment within view of Lake Michigan and other natural resource amenities. Rural Residential This area of the township contains single- and two-family homes, for year-round and seasonal use, located on large lots. Some lots are used for farming and/or timber management, and many are along Lake Michigan. This area also encompasses existing smaller residential lots located along Lake Michigan shoreline. It is the intent of this designation to continue these uses while encouraging slightly larger lots in order to maintain well and septic integrity, private road standards to ensure emergency service access, greater protection of the Lake Michigan shoreline including �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 4 4 views, and rural and scenic character preservation. Some agricultural commercial endeavors are allowed. It is also the intent of this designation to continue to support and promote agricultural opportunities. Other uses customarily found within a rural area are allowed, in keeping with the scenic rural preservation of the township. Single-family residential development will continue, attracting seasonal and permanent residents. Density based zoning opportunities are available for single family residential development. Rural Agriculture The Rural Agricultural area of the Township is the agricultural heart of the community. Farming and timber management are encouraged and promoted. Single-family homes located on large lots may also be found. Rural scenic character preservation is of great importance in this area. The night sky viewing and views of the region from ridgelines towards Pleasant Valley, Lake Arcadia, and Lake Michigan that happen here are important to the township. Also of great importance are high water quality for the streams and tributaries of Lake Arcadia, habitat protection, and wildlife conservation. Density based zoning opportunities are available for single family residential development. Point Arcadia Point Arcadia future land use category encompasses an area of the Township built to accommodate single-family residential development on lots that can support a larger footprint home while also ensuring well and septic systems installation. It is the intent of this area to remain single family residential and continuing to develop as stipulated in the Pointe Arcadia deeds and by-laws. Star-Key Point Star-Key Point is a peninsula between Lake Michigan and Lake Arcadia. The Star-Key Point subdivision comprises 37 lots on privately-owned StarKey Point Road. The subdivision is regulated by deed restrictions enforced by the Star-Key Point Homeowners Association. The area is unique in that each lot has either Lake Michigan or Lake Arcadia frontage. It is envisioned that this area continues to maintain the unique character of a two-lake frontage neighborhood while promoting environmental protection and public health, safety, and welfare. Future development of the Star-Key Point area must adhere to the lot boundaries shown on the subdivision plat. Camp Arcadia The “Camp Arcadia” future land use designation accommodates the historic Camp Arcadia and its associated single-family residential neighborhood. The Lutheran Camp Association (LCA) and the Arcadia Cottage Colony Association (ACCA) govern what is commonly called Camp Arcadia. LCA �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 4 5 is the organization that owns and operates the traditional camp while ACCA is steward of the cottages that were developed on privately owned lots. While Camp Arcadia is made up of multiple lots owned by different property owners, all parties belong the LCA and, if applicable, ACCA. These two entities regulate land use within Camp Arcadia. The Camp Arcadia future land use designation is meant to allow the continued use and future development of Camp Arcadia. The intent of this area is to allow the camp to grow. The Camp is comprised of single-family dwellings, assembly halls, meeting spaces, camp store and kitchens, amphitheater, and out buildings used for traditional camp purposes. This historic camp has offered a religion-based camp experience for thousands of families since its inception. Preserve This is land that, due to its location, unique characteristics, and natural resources, is planned for open space and environmental protection purposes with some recreational and possible farming applications. Preserve includes land currently held in conservation easements, owned by the Township and/or land designated as potential for future open space and/or conservation purposes. Attributes found within the area, such as the integrity of the night sky, topography, views, water quality, air quality, ambient noise, wildlife, and habitat are encouraged to be maintained, restored, and protected from future development within the Township. Preserve land is an integral part of the township’s placemaking strategy as it is this area that will draw visitors to shop and play once in Arcadia. This land will be used for future recreation, regional and local trail connections, protection of wildlife and associated habitats, watershed and viewshed protection, and to adds to the character of the township. Future land use considerations include taking care in the development of adjacent lands to ensure environmental protection and stewardship. When possible, connectivity to local and regional nonmotorized trails will be encouraged. Light Industrial The Light Industrial corridor expands approximately 1.5 miles along M- 22 between Norman Road to just past Glovers Lake Road to its south. It is bordered on the south and north by Preserve and to the east by Rural Agriculture. The Light Industrial classification area begins 400’ from the centerline of M-22 extending eastward 1320’ from the centerline of M-22. The land area between the road and the start of the Light Industrial area is Resort Residential. The Light Industrial ribbon of land is reserved for uses such as car washes, agricultural related businesses, veterinarians, business contractors (painters, plumbers, electrical, cement, heating, air conditions, fencing), community recreational facilities, �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 4 6 warehousing, lumber yards, and body shops as examples. While some of these uses may be permitted by right and others may require special land use approval, the intent is to provide a place in the Township where traditionally-considered light industrial uses have a place. The expectation is to ensure that these types of uses are accessible to M-22 but developed in such a way as to be well screened from views utilizing landscaping treatments, hours of operations compatible with adjacent residential areas, signage that is in keeping with the character of the community, and the general maintenance of the property that is above reproach. As warehousing, storage (particularly boats and other recreational vehicles), and truck and heavy equipment repair are dominant activities in the area, special attention is needed to ensure that the visual clutter that comes with these activities is kept at a minimum. In essence, the township embraces the maritime character that outdoor storage of boats lends to the atmosphere and wants to encourage the entrepreneurs of light industrial endeavors, but wishes to ensure that property is kept orderly and to prevent the look of abandonment and blight that might be associated with areas with this type of high-intensity land use. Future development of the area is encouraged to implement environmental protection measures which will provide good stewardship to the Arcadia Watershed and additional screening mechanisms to ensure that the uses do not contribute to visual clutter or degradation of the character of the Township. Business The Business future land use category is the heart of Arcadia. Located on what could be considered a traditional main street that leads to Lake Arcadia, the Business area is the major thoroughfare to Arcadia Natural Beach Area and Lake Michigan. It is also a historical gem? With some two-story buildings, civic buildings, parks, historical architectural facades, sidewalks, and mixed uses, the Business area is an example of a downtown that is replicated in new development throughout the country. This is the street where you can see the latest community activities posted on �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 4 7 the Township Hall kiosk, have a picnic or play tennis at the park, drop your mail off at the post office, visit your family doctor, and then walk a short distance down the street and spend the rest of the day at the beach. The current Business area exists solely on the west side of M-22, but this future land use category is expanded eastward to include the intersection of M-22 and Glovers Lake Road. The enlargement of this area would create connections between the existing historic business area and the Pleasant Valley Community Center, an increasingly important place for civic and recreational engagement. In addition, this category would include already developed businesses that exist at the intersection of M-22 and Glovers Lake Road. Nodal development of this type looks to keep higher density commercial development at points of high traffic intersections and close to higher population densities. Future development of the area will look to replicate and enhance the historical architectural façade details that are found elsewhere in the area. In addition, the township supports mixed-use, two-story buildings that allow for individuals to live on the top floor and work on the bottom floor. Future development will also be encouraged to provide housing options that support low to moderate income individuals. Marina The Marina future land use area is directly adjacent to Arcadia Lake and Arcadia Beach Natural Area and is where Grebe Park, Mill Street and Pine Street boat launches and Veterans Memorial Marina are located. This area is home to the community’s private and public marinas, boat launches, a fish cleaning station, and campground areas and includes several historic residential structures that reflect the character of the unincorporated Village’s maritime past. It is envisioned that this area will build upon these assets centered upon its maritime character in order to create and support economic development opportunities in adjoining districts and throughout the community. Linking this area to the Business District is essential to create a seamless link where the synergy of the two areas can feed upon each other creating a lively, vibrant, and economically prosperous downtown area. Uses in this area should focus on open spaces with recreational components as well as a limited select type of small business development that supports a maritime culture. Land adjacent to the water will be primarily reserved for open space protection in order to maintain the littoral character and views of Arcadia Lake. With that said, existing and limited unimposing new structures may be used to promote water based economic development initiatives but it is not desirable that residential or dense commercial development occur directly adjacent to Arcadia Lake or Arcadia Beach Natural Area on Lake Michigan. Parking and lighting regulations will serve the area adequately but will be in keeping with Dark Sky standards and best practice watershed protection measures. Zoning The Michigan Planning Enabling Act of 2008 requires the inclusion of a zoning plan in the master plan. The zoning plan calls attention to changes that need to be made to the current zoning ordinance in order to align the zoning ordinance with the new master plan. Specifically, the zoning plan looks to show the relationship between the future land use map and the zoning map, and to suggest ordinance revisions to strengthen that relationship. The changes suggested are necessary in order to help implement specific aspects of the master plan. The zoning plan in Figure 4.21 suggests the establishment of 11 zoning districts to reflect the future land use map. Zoning districts contain the legal requirements used to determine how parcels of land are to be used. Note that there are significant areas along the shoreline of Lake Michigan that are designated High Risk Erosion Areas by the State of Michigan. Development in these areas must meet State of Michigan High-Risk Erosion standards, most notably setback standards regardless of local zoning regulations. The suggested zoning districts are: P Preserve VR Village Residential RR Rural Residential R-AG Rural Agriculture PA Point Arcadia SP Star-Key Point CA Camp Arcadia B Business LI Light Industrial M Marina These zoning districts, and the regulations that accompany them, work together to strengthen the relationship between the Future Land Use map and the Cornerstones of this master plan. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 4 8 4.21: Zoning chart PROPOSED ZONING DISTRICTS VILLAGE RESIDENTIAL USES (general) Residential RR FRONT 10’ SIDE 8’ REAR 25’ VR RURAL RESIDENTIAL SETBACKS • • • • Residential Agriculture & Related Uses Child/Adult Care Facilities Some General Commercial FRONT 25’ or 133’ from the center of the paved portion of M-22 SIDE 10’ MINIMUM LOT SIZE Without sewer/ Enhance the front yard water 7500 sq. ft. averaging and encroachment With sewer/water standards and develop other flexibility standards to ensure 6000 sq. ft. that the current historic neighborhood character is replicable. One such tool to consider is a Form Based Code for this specific area. No minimum. Based on Conservation Design Methods Encourage clustering of residential development with the remaining land preserved for open space by using a density schedule and/or Planned Unit Development. Incentivize the various residential development options. No minimum. Based on Conservation Design Methods Promote residential development that is sympathetic to rural scenic character preservation and that is understanding of agricultural practices. 30,000 sq. ft. Work with the Pt. Arcadia Home Owners Association and Valley Cove Home Owners Association to understand their development needs and limitations in order to develop the Point Arcadia zoning designation. 30,000 sq. ft. Note that there are areas of Star-Key Point that are designated High Risk Erosion Areas by the State of Michigan. Development in these areas must meet State of Michigan High-Risk Erosion standards, most notably setback standards regardless of local zoning regulations REAR 25’ WATERFRONT 50’ ordinary high water mark RURAL AGRICULTURE R-AG POINT ARCADIA • • • • Residential Agriculture & Related Uses Child/Adult Care Facilities Some General Commercial Residential SP SIDE 20’ REAR 50’ FRONT 25’ except lots 33’-40’ = 45’ SIDE 5’ PA STAR-KEY POINT FRONT 50’ or 133’ from the center of the paved portion of M-22 REAR/WATERFRONT 100’ except lots 58, 59, 64, 65 = 75’ and lots 60, 61, 62, 63 = 65’ Residential FRONT 10’ SIDE 5’ WATERFRONT 50’ NOTES �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 4 9 PROPOSED ZONING DISTRICTS CAMP ARCADIA CA BUSINESS B USES (general) • Single or Two Family Residential • Camp Activities and their associated buildings FRONT 25’ • • • • FRONT up to 12’ • • • • LIGHT INDUSTRIAL LI MARINA M PRESERVE P SETBACKS Residential Marinas Retail Personal Service Establishments Food Establishments Professional Office/ Service Places of worship/ gathering Lodging SIDE 10% of lot width REAR 25’ SIDE 5’; 0’ if stormwater does not drain on adjoining property MINIMUM LOT SIZE 30,000 sq. ft. to ensure adequate isolation distances for well and septic. (unless a community system is installed) Develop specific land use regulations and site plan review guidelines to address the uniqueness of Camp Arcadia. No minimum required Develop architectural guidelines for the buildings, streetscape guidelines to create an unified look throughout the community (benches, plantings, banners, street lights, color schemes, etc.) and use requirements. Consider developing a Form Based Code for this area. The area spanning 400’ from the centerline of the paved portion of M-22 to 1,320’ from the centerline of the paved portion of M-22 and 400’ from the centerline of the paved portion of Glovers Lake Road north and south REAR 12’ • Professional Office/Service • Auto Related • Warehousing/Storage/ Start up buisness • Educational • Adult Foster Care Facilties • Contractors supplies and facilities FRONT 50’ 140’ width SIDE 20’; if abutting a residential zone or master planned for residential, 50’ 1 acre • • • • • • FRONT 5’ 30,000 sq. ft. SIDE 10’ REAR 5’ if served by infrastructure, 6,000 sq. ft. N/A N/A Parks Boat Launches Retail Professional offices Lodging Restaurants • Open Space • Farming • Limited Recreation NOTES REAR 50’; if abutting a residential zone or master planned for residential, 75’ Encourage the use of the development of a maritime character in the architecture and streetscape elements. Develop environmental stewardship standards to ensure that adjacent development is sympathetic to the Preserve lands. �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | P - 5 1 Action Plan The overall success of the Arcadia Township Master Plan will be determined by how many of the recommendations have been implemented. This linkage between master plan acceptance and its eventual implementation is often the weakest link in the planning and community building process. All too often we hear that familiar phrase, “The plan was adopted and then sat on the shelf.” The plan is cited as the failure, but the real culprit was the failure to execute or implement the plan. Implementation of the Arcadia Township Master Plan is predicated on the completion of the tasks outlined in the Action Plan. 4.22: Action plan RECOMMENDED IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 2013 – 2018 Action Item Description Responsible Party Blue and green non-motorized trail plan Work through the L2L Regional Initiative to prepare a non-motorized trail plan. Planning Commission Sanitary sewer project analysis and feasibility study Commission the preparation of an analysis and feasibility study for the installation of a sanitary sewer system. Planning Commission and Board of Trustees Watershed plan Develop a Watershed Plan. Watershed Subcommittee of the Planning Commission and Board of Trustees Streetscape improvements Prepare a streetscape improvement plan for the commercial areas of the Township. Planning Commission and Parks and Recreation Committee Pleasant Valley Community Center regional trail hub Work to establish the PVCC as a regonal trail hub where blue and green trail information is available and other amenities are established to meet the needs of the users. Planning Commission and the Pleasant Valley Community Center �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | l i i i Appendix A Sources and Data �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | l i v Sources Tab 2 – by Page 26. United States Geological Survey. “USGS Water Science school: the effects of urbanization on water quality: phosphorous.” Last modified March 2013. http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/phosphorus.html 31. Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. “Cadillac district watersheds with approved watershed plans.” Last modified August 21, 2012. http://www.michigan.gov/deq/0,1607,7-135-3313_3682_3714_31581-96473--,00.html 34. Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. “State and Federal Wetland Regulations.” Undated. http://www.michigan. gov/deq/0,4561,7-135-3313_3687-10801--,00.html 34. Ducks Unlimited. “Ducks Unlimited Received 11 Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Grants for Conservation in Michigan.” 2011 Conservation Report. http://www.ducks.org/media/Conservation/GLARO/_documents/_library/_conservation/_ states/2011/Michigan_Report2011.pdf 35. National Parks Service. “A Nationalized Lakeshore: The Creation and Administration of Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore.” Theodore J. Karamanski. 2000. http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/slbe/. Photo: http://www.nps. gov/slbe/images/20060901164502.JPG 38. Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. “Sand Dune Protection.” Undated. http://www.michigan.gov/ deq/0,4561,7-135-3311_4114_4236---,00.html 40. M-22. “About Us.” February 2009. https://m22.com/?category_name=about-us 42. MichiganHighways.org. “Historic Auto Trails.” Last modified March 2013. http://www.michiganhighways.org/indepth/ auto_trails.html 42. Schul, Dave. “North American Auto Trails.” Last modified October 1999. http://academic.marion.ohio-state.edu/schul/ trails/trails.html 43. County Road Association of Michigan. “Michigan’s County Road Commissions: Driving Our Economy Forward.” Undated (circa 2008). http://www.micountyroads.org/PDF/econ_broch.pdf 43. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts. “Reported Traffic Crashes by County in Michigan.” 2011. http://publications. michigantrafficcrashfacts.org/2011/quick_2.pdf 43. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts. “Crash Rate Per Licensed Driver by Age of Driver in All Crashes.” 2011. https:// s3.amazonaws.com/mtcf.pubs/2011/veh_17.pdf 43. Michigan Department of Transportation. “North Region Winter Level of Service for 2011-2012.” Approved October 2011. http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdot/MDOT_LoS_map_North_08-09_FINAL_255162_7.pdf 46. United States Army Corps of Engineers. “Great Lakes Navigation System: Economic Strength to the Nation. Last modified March 2013. http://www.lre.usace.army.mil/Portals/69/docs/Navigation/GLN_Strength%20to%20the%20Nation%20Booklet 2013v2_final2w.pdf 46. United States Army Corps of Engineers. “Great Lakes Harbors.” Arcadia, Frankfort, Manistee, Portage Lake entries all last modified April 2013. http://www.lre.usace.army.mil/Missions/GreatLakesNavigation/GreatLakesHarborFactSheets.aspx 47. RRHX: Michigan’s Internet Railroad History Museum. “The Evolution of Michigan’s Railroads.” Undated. http://www. michiganrailroads.com/RRHX/Evolution/EvolutionProjectDescription.htm 50. Airnav.com. “Airports.” Updated May 2013. http://www.airnav.com/airport/KMBL; http://www.airnav.com/airport/ KFKS; http://www.airnav.com/airport/7Y2 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | l v 50. The Rotarian. “Soaring on a Shoestring,” Karl Detzer. December 1939, Volume LV No. 6, p. 16-18. Accessed via books. google.com. 53. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. “Educational Value of Public Recreation Facilities,” Charles Mulford Robinson. March 1910, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 134-140. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1011260 53. Southwick Associates, for the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. “The Economics Associated with Outdoor Recreation, Natural Resources Conservation and Historic Preservation in the United States.” October 2011. http://www.trcp.org/assets/ pdf/The_Economic_Value_of_Outdoor_Recreation.pdf 57. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation Division. “Michigan Public Boat Launch Directory.” Undated during the Engler administration (1991-2003). http://www.michigan.gov/documents/btaccess_23113_7.pdf 57. Great Lakes Commission, for the United States Army Corps of Engineers. “Great Lakes Recreational Boating’s Economic Punch.” December 2008. http://www.glc.org/recboat/pdf/rec-boating-final-small.pdf http://www.lre.usace.army.mil/_kd/Items/actions.cfm?action=Show&item_id=6197&destination=ShowItem Great Lakes Recreational Boating report in response to PL 106-53, Water resources development act of 1999, US Army Corps of engineers, Dec. 2008 60. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. “Value of Wildlife to Michigan.” Undated. http://www.michigan.gov/ dnr/0,4570,7-153-10370_30909_43606-153356--,00.html 60. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. “75th anniversary of Pittman-Robertson Act is a perfect time to celebrate hunters’ role in conservation funding.” August 2012. http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,4570,7-153-10366_46403-284662-,00.html 67. Interlochen Public Radio. “Art Around the Corner – Frankfort’s Post Office Mural.” February 2012. http://ipr.interlochen. org/art-around-corner/episode/18226 68. National Parks Service National Register of Historic Places. “Telling the Stories: Planning Effective Interpretive Programs for Properties Listed in the National Register of Historic Places bulletin,” Ron Thomson and Marilyn Harper. 2000. http://www.nps. gov/nr/publications/bulletins/pdfs/interp.pdf 68. National Parks Service National Register of Historic Places. Database. Varying dates. http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/ natreghome.do?searchtype=natreghome 69. Michigan Lighthouse Conservancy. “The United States Lighthouse Service.” Last modified June 2011. http://www. michiganlights.com/lighthouseservice.htm 69. terrypepper.com. “The Lighthouses of Lake Michigan.” Last modification date varies; July 2004-January 2007. http://www. terrypepper.com/lights/lake_michigan.htm 78. United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Education Pays.” March 2012. http://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_chart_001.htm 79. Esri. “Tapestry Segmentation Reference Guide.” 2012. http://www.esri.com/library/brochures/pdfs/tapestrysegmentation.pdf 84. Metlesits, Dave. “Season 1-2 dash in Photoshop” (illustration of KITT car dashboard from “Knight Rider”). April 2007. http://davemetlesits.deviantart.com/gallery/10189144?offset=24#/dvkxfu �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | l v i Tab 4 – by Subject Cornerstones US Army Corps of Engineers, Detroit District. “Great Lakes Harbor Fact Sheets: Arcadia Harbor.” Accessed March 2013. http://www.lre.usace.army.mil/Missions/GreatLakesNavigation/GreatLakesHarborFactSheets/ArcadiaHarbor.aspx Economics United Stated Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Industries at a Glance. Manufacturing: NAICS 31-33.” Data extracted February 2013. http://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iag31-33.htm United Stated Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Industries at a Glance. Retail Trade: NAICS 44-45.” Data extracted February 2013. http://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iag44-45.htm ReferenceForBusiness.com. “Service Industry.” Accessed March 2013. http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/ScStr/Service-Industry.html Esri. “2011 Methodology Statement: Esri Data—Business Locations and Business Summary.” March 2012. http://www.esri. com/~/media/Files/Pdfs/library/whitepapers/pdfs/esri-data-business-locations.pdf University of Washington West Coast Poverty Center. “Poverty and the American Family.” 2009. http://depts.washington.edu/ wcpc/Family United States Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Highlights of Women’s Earnings in 2009.” June 2010. http:// www.bls.gov/cps/cpswom2009.pdf Commuting Center for Neighborhood Technology. “H+T Affordability Index.” Data extracted March 2013. http://htaindex.cnt.org/about. php; http://htaindex.cnt.org/map/ Slate.com. “Your Commute Is Killing You,” Annie Lowrey. May 2011. http://www.slate.com/articles/business/ moneybox/2011/05/your_commute_is_killing_you.single.html (studies cited: http://www.gallup.com/poll/142142/wellbeinglower-among-workers-long-commutes.aspx; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353829205000572; http:// ideas.repec.org/p/zur/iewwpx/151.html) Traffic Counts Michigan Department of Transportation. Average daily traffic map. 2011. http://mdotwas1.mdot.state.mi.us/public/maps_ adtmaparchive/pdf/2011adt/AADT_STATE_FrontPg-2011_29x30_NO_INSETS.pdf Michigan Department of Transportation. Traffic monitoring information system. Built October 2007; data extracted March 2013. http://mdotnetpublic.state.mi.us/tmispublic/ �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | l v i i Infrastructure PEI Infrastructure Investor. “What in the world is infrastructure?” Jeffrey Fulmer. July / August 2009, p 30–32. American Society of Civil Engineers. “Report Card for America’s Infrastructure.” 2013. http://www.infrastructurereportcard. org/ The Economist. “D (for dilapidated) plus: Slightly better roads and railways, but don’t live near a dam.” April 6, 2013. http:// www.economist.com/news/united-states/21575781-slightly-better-roads-and-railways-dont-live-near-dam-d-dilapidated-plus Michigan.gov. Mi Dashboard. Data extracted March 2013. http://www.michigan.gov/midashboard/0,4624,7-256-59631--,00.html Michigan Transportation Asset Management Council. “PASER Collection.” Accessed March 2013. http://www.mcgi.state.mi.us/ MITRP/Educ_Training/PASERCollection.aspx Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs, Public Service Commission. “Michigan Service Areas of Electric and Gas Utilities.” Data extracted March 2013. http://www.dleg.state.mi.us/cgi-bin/mpsc/electric-gas-townships. cgi?townsearch=p* Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs, Public Service Commission. “MPSC Issues Annual Report on Renewable Energy.” February 2013. http://www.michigan.gov/mpsc/0,4639,7-159-16400_17280-295134--,00.html United States Environmental Protection Agency. “Michigan Renewable Energy Maps.” Data extracted March 2013. http://www. epa.gov/renewableenergyland/maps_data_mi.htm Connect Michigan. “My ConnectView” interactive map. Data extracted March 2013. http://www.connectmi.org/interactivemap Merit Network. “Merit’s ARRA Projects: REACH-3MC Fiber-Optic Network Update.” February 2013. http://www.merit.edu/ documents/pdf/reach3mc/REACH-3MC_Project_Overview.pdf Land United States Geological Survey. “The National Map.” Accessed March 2013. http://nationalmap.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Northern Research Station. “Michigan Surficial Geology.” Accessed March 2013. http://www.ncrs.fs.fed.us/gla/geology/images/mi-surfgeo.gif United States Geological Survey. “Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States: Emergent Wetland.” Last modified February 2013. http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/wetlands/classwet/emergent.htm Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. “The Sand Dunes Program.” Accessed March 2013. http://www.michigan. gov/deq/0,4561,7-135-3311_4114_4236-9832--,00.html �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | l v i i i Data US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2006-2010, Selected Social Characteristics (DP02), Selected Economic Characteristics (DP03), and Selected Housing Characteristics (DP04) Subject POPULATION 1990 2000 2010 2016 (proj.) HOUSING OCCUPANCY Total Housing Units Owner-occupied Renter-occupied Seasonal/Recreational/Occasional use Vacant - For Sale, For Rent, etc. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Population 25 years and over Less than high school High school graduate and equivalency Some college, no degree Associate’s degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Percent high school graduate or higher Percent bachelor’s degree or higher SCHOOL ENROLLMENT Population enrolled in school CLASS OF WORKER Civilian employed population 16 years+ Private wage and salary workers Government workers Self-employed Unpaid family workers Private sector jobs INCOME AND BENEFITS (IN 2010 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS) Total households Less than $10,000 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 to $99,999 $100,000 to $149,999 $150,000 to $199,999 $200,000 or more Median household income (dollars) Very low income Low income Moderate income High income Very high income Arcadia Estimate Percent 523 621 639 655 NA 1.87% 0.29% 0.42% 574 266 30 242 36 574 46.3% 5.2% 42.2% 6.3% 466 27 133 119 27 96 64 (X) (X) 466 5.80% 28.50% 25.50% 5.80% 20.60% 13.70% 94.20% 34.30% 65 10.17% 159 128 19 12 0 88.1% 159 80.50% 11.90% 7.50% 0.00% 272 4 17 30 41 53 74 21 19 6 7 48,269 51 41 127 40 13 272 1.50% 6.30% 11.00% 15.10% 19.50% 27.20% 7.70% 7.00% 2.20% 2.60% (X) 18.8% 15.1% 46.7% 14.7% 4.8% Per capita income 28,124 Median earnings for workers (dollars) 15,556 Median earnings for male full-time, 53,438 year-round workers (dollars) Median earnings for female full-time, 30,000 year-round workers (dollars) POVERTY All families (X) All people (X) Under 18 years (X) Receiving food stamps 9 Receiving cash assistance 3 INDUSTRY Civilian employed population 16 159 years and over Agriculture, forestry, fishing and 0 hunting, and mining Construction 26 Manufacturing 9 Wholesale trade 4 Retail trade 13 Transportation and warehousing, and 9 utilities Information 0 Finance and insurance, and real 7 estate and rental and leasing Professional, scientific, and 5 management, and administrative and waste management services Educational services, and health care 48 and social assistance Arts, entertainment, and recreation, 17 and accommodation and food services Other services, except public 14 administration Public administration 7 Manufacturing to retail jobs 0.69 Non-retail 115 Retail, arts, accommodations, food 30 Non-retail to retail, arts, acc., food 3.83 (X) (X) (X) (X) 3.30% 5.00% 10.80% 3.30% 1.10% 159 0% 16% 6% 3% 8% 6% 0% 4% 3% 30% 11% 9% 4% �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | l i x EMPLOYMENT STATUS Population 16 years and over In labor force Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Armed Forces Not in labor force Civilian labor force Percent Unemployed Jobs per 1,000 residents Non-service jobs per 1,000 residents COMMUTING TO WORK Workers 16 years and over Drove alone Carpooled Public transit (except taxi) Walked Other means Worked at home Workers who commute Commuters who drive alone Mean travel time to work (minutes) HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Total households Average household size Average family size VETERAN STATUS Civilian population 18 years + Civilian veterans ANCESTRY Total population American Arab Czech Danish Dutch English French (except Basque) French Canadian German Greek Hungarian Irish Italian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Russian Scotch-Irish Scottish Slovak Subsaharan African Swedish Swiss Ukrainian Welsh West Indian (excluding Hispanic) 490 176 176 159 17 0 314 176 (X) 249 249 490 35.90% 35.90% 32.40% 3.50% 0.00% 64.10% 176 9.70% 149 108 20 0 11 3 7 142 28.2 149 72.50% 13.40% 0.00% 7.40% 2.00% 4.70% 95.30% 76.06% (X) 272 1.99 2.25 272 (X) (X) 477 61 477 12.80% 542 41 0 0 17 16 97 7 4 184 0 2 81 21 24 16 38 0 0 13 23 0 0 25 4 0 2 0 542 7.60% 0.00% 0.00% 3.10% 3.00% 17.90% 1.30% 0.70% 33.90% 0.00% 0.40% 14.90% 3.90% 4.40% 3.00% 7.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2.40% 4.20% 0.00% 0.00% 4.60% 0.70% 0.00% 0.40% 0.00% OCCUPATION Management, business, science, and 49.60% +/-10.3 arts occupations Service occupations 8.80% +/-5.1 Sales and office occupations 20.40% +/-8.1 Natural resources, construction, and 11.50% +/-8.6 maintenance occupations Production, transportation, and material 9.70% +/-4.6 moving occupations VALUE Owner-occupied units 264 264 Median home value (dollars) 164,600 (X) MORTGAGE STATUS Owner-occupied units 264 264 Housing units with a mortgage 91 34.50% Housing units without a mortgage 173 65.50% GROSS RENT Occupied units paying rent 0 0 Median rent (dollars) (X) HOUSE HEATING FUEL Occupied housing units 272 272 Utility gas 0 0.00% Bottled, tank, or LP gas 215 79.00% Electricity 15 5.50% Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. 9 3.30% Coal or coke 0 0.00% Wood 33 12.10% Solar energy 0 0.00% Other fuel 0 0.00% No fuel used 0 0.00% YEAR STRUCTURE BUILT Total housing units 517 517 Built 2005 or later 32 6.20% Built 2000 to 2004 42 8.10% Built 1990 to 1999 106 20.50% Built 1980 to 1989 59 11.40% Built 1970 to 1979 39 7.50% Built 1960 to 1969 32 6.20% Built 1950 to 1959 34 6.60% Built 1940 to 1949 16 3.10% Built 1939 or earlier 157 30.40% �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | l x Notes for US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2006-2010, Tables S2403, S2404, B20005 (following pages) Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see Accuracy of the Data). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables. The methodology for calculating median income and median earnings changed between 2008 and 2009. Medians over $75,000 were most likely affected. The underlying income and earning distribution now uses $2,500 increments up to $250,000 for households, non-family households, families, and individuals and employs a linear interpolation method for median calculations. Before 2009 the highest income category was $200,000 for households, families and non-family households ($100,000 for individuals) and portions of the income and earnings distribution contained intervals wider than $2,500. Those cases used a Pareto Interpolation Method. Industry codes are 4-digit codes and are based on the North American Industry Classification System 2007. The Industry categories adhere to the guidelines issued in Clarification Memorandum No. 2, “”NAICS Alternate Aggregation Structure for Use By U.S. Statistical Agencies,”” issued by the Office of Management and Budget. While the 2006-2010 American Community Survey (ACS) data generally reflect the December 2009 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) definitions of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas; in certain instances the names, codes, and boundaries of the principal cities shown in ACS tables may differ from the OMB definitions due to differences in the effective dates of the geographic entities. Estimates of urban and rural population, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on Census 2000 data. Boundaries for urban areas have not been updated since Census 2000. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization. Explanation of Symbols: 1. An ‘**’ entry in the margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate. 2. An ‘-’ entry in the estimate column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution. 3. An ‘-’ following a median estimate means the median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution. 4. An ‘+’ following a median estimate means the median falls in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution. 5. An ‘***’ entry in the margin of error column indicates that the median falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate. 6. An ‘*****’ entry in the margin of error column indicates that the estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not appropriate. 7. An ‘N’ entry in the estimate and margin of error columns indicates that data for this geographic area cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small. 8. An ‘(X)’ means that the estimate is not applicable or not available. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | l x i     Margin of Error                                                                                                                                                                                                   Margin of Error                                                                                               �                  Median earnings: Median earnings:     male female Margin of Margin of Margin of Margin of Margin of Margin of  Error  Error  Error   Error  Error Error                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | l x i i �                          Margin of Margin of Margin of Margin of Margin of Margin of  Error  Error  Error   Error  Error Error                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | l x i i i �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | l x i v Esri Business Analyst Financial Expenditures Arcadia township_3 Arcadia township, MI (2610103320) Geography: County Subdivision Assets Market Value Checking Accounts Savings Accounts U.S. Savings Bonds Stocks, Bonds & Mutual Funds Annual Changes Checking Accounts Savings Accounts U.S. Savings Bonds Earnings Dividends, Royalties, Estates, Trusts Interest from Savings Accounts or Bonds Retirement Plan Contributions Liabilities Original Mortgage Amount Vehicle Loan Amount 1 Amount Paid: Interest Home Mortgage Lump Sum Home Equity Loan New Car/Truck/Van Loan Used Car/Truck/Van Loan Amount Paid: Principal Home Mortgage Lump Sum Home Equity Loan New Car/Truck/Van Loan Used Car/Truck/Van Loan Checking Account and Banking Service Charges Finance Charges, excluding Mortgage/Vehicle Spending Potential Index Average Amount Spent Total 78 80 88 71 $4,435.92 $10,223.92 $352.85 $26,694.03 $1,326,339 $3,056,953 $105,503 $7,981,516 47 77 380 $118.53 $290.16 $8.77 $35,441 $86,759 $2,622 82 76 69 $785.64 $672.75 $920.65 $234,906 $201,151 $275,275 57 89 $11,867.77 $2,351.43 $3,548,462 $703,077 62 71 76 90 $2,789.32 $89.33 $153.80 $142.19 $834,008 $26,711 $45,987 $42,515 70 72 76 92 $1,340.96 $116.80 $816.67 $675.93 $400,947 $34,923 $244,185 $202,102 70 $18.79 $5,619 71 $168.74 $50,453 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | l x v Business Summary Arcadia township_3 Arcadia township, MI (2610103320) Geography: County Subdivision Data for all businesses in area Arcadia township, MI (261... 43 189 644 0.29 Total Businesses: Total Employees: Total Residential Population: Employee/Residential Population Ratio: by NAICS Codes Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting Mining Utilities Construction Manufacturing Wholesale Trade Retail Trade Motor Vehicle & Parts Dealers Furniture & Home Furnishings Stores Electronics & Appliance Stores Bldg Material & Garden Equipment & Supplies Dealers Food & Beverage Stores Health & Personal Care Stores Gasoline Stations Clothing & Clothing Accessories Stores Sport Goods, Hobby, Book, & Music Stores General Merchandise Stores Miscellaneous Store Retailers Nonstore Retailers Transportation & Warehousing Information Finance & Insurance Central Bank/Credit Intermediation & Related Activities Securities, Commodity Contracts & Other Financial Investments & Other Related Activities Insurance Carriers & Related Activities; Funds, Trusts & Other Financial Vehicles Real Estate, Rental & Leasing Professional, Scientific & Tech Services Legal Services Management of Companies & Enterprises Administrative & Support & Waste Management & Remediation Services Educational Services Health Care & Social Assistance Arts, Entertainment & Recreation Accommodation & Food Services Accommodation Food Services & Drinking Places Other Services (except Public Administration) Automotive Repair & Maintenance Public Administration Unclassified Establishments Total Source: Business data provided by Infogroup, Omaha NE Copyright 2012, all rights reserved. Esri forecasts for 2011. Businesses Number 1 0 0 7 1 0 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 Percent 2.3% 0.0% 0.0% 16.3% 2.3% 0.0% 9.3% 2.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.3% 0.0% 2.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.3% 0.0% 2.3% 2.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Employees Number 1 0 0 15 3 0 14 5 0 0 0 2 0 5 0 0 0 2 0 3 1 0 0 0 Percent 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% 7.9% 1.6% 0.0% 7.4% 2.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.1% 0.0% 2.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.1% 0.0% 1.6% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 1 4 1 0 1 2.3% 9.3% 2.3% 0.0% 2.3% 1 8 2 0 1 0.5% 4.2% 1.1% 0.0% 0.5% 0 3 1 8 5 3 5 2 3 2 0.0% 7.0% 2.3% 18.6% 11.6% 7.0% 11.6% 4.7% 7.0% 4.7% 0 19 3 75 12 63 10 4 29 6 0.0% 10.1% 1.6% 39.7% 6.3% 33.3% 5.3% 2.1% 15.3% 3.2% 43 100% 189 100% �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | l x v i �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | l x v i i Appendix C Documentation A complete packet has been assembled that includes “Intent to plan” notices Draft distribution notices Public hearing notices All received comments Meeting minutes related to consideration of comments Public hearing meeting minutes A copy of this packet is on file at Arcadia Township Hall. The documents are also available at www.lakestoland.org/arcadia-2/master-plan/ As required by Michigan Public Act 33 of 2008, the Michigan Planning Enabling Act, the signed resolution adopting this master plan is on the inside cover. �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | l x v i i i �l a k e s t o l a n d r e g i o n a l i n i t i a t i v e Implementation �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode Figures, Maps, Tables 5.1 Shared Community Priorities table 5.2 Volunteer card 5.3 Regional Collective Priorities table 5.4 Lakes to Land Master Plan covers M-3 M-7 M-7 M-11 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 1 Priority Sharing The original scope of work for the collaboration, designed at the very beginning of the process, was focused on respecting and honoring the individuality and unique qualities of communities while developing opportunities for partnership and collaboration. Given their potential utility to other communities, the appendix includes a generic copy of the resolutions that Lakes to Land governing bodies were asked to consider and pass to signify grassroots acceptance and understanding of Lakes to Land goals and principles. Just as Lakes to Land began within a collaborative framework, a culmination was envisioned in which all of the participating communities brought their completed master plans—whether written with Lakes to Land or independently—together to share their content and discuss the potential for implementation partnerships. The event was to be called a “Convention of Communities,” and would be both a working session and a celebration of the successful master planning process. But it’s hard to accurately predict the conditions at the end of a pioneering undertaking. The Leadership Team’s monthly meetings over the course of the year and a half spent writing the master plans forged some deep and personal connections among the communities’ planning commissioners and leaders, and excitement to share in each others’ work built as the drafts neared completion. There is a long, quiet administrative stretch between when a planning commission completes its draft and when it is formally and finally adopted, and the Leadership Team wanted to capitalize on and spread some of the enthusiasm before it dissipated. Accordingly, they invited planning commissioners and appointed and elected officials from all of the participating communities as well �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 2 LAKES to LAND LOCAL VEGGIE PLATTER Th, cniem. to, me Sall Grinnin& Kitchen, p,odur:a ;, &!way, ,n ,h;, «rkr, LOCAL FIRST. Michipn grown ,-,.,1 md ORGANIC durd. To rlw rnd, fM liJ/omng /oc,J /inns grtrw irems on this my: as the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians to a “Priority Sharing Meeting” on June 27, 2013. Fifty-nine people, including a couple of members of the public, attended. This unprecedented gathering of community planners and leaders was exciting and dynamic, occurring at the right time under the right circumstances—a situation that could hardly be planned even by the best planners. The meeting opened with a locallysourced, zero-waste feast of pizza and veggies organized by Crystal Lake Township leadership team member Sharron May. In preparation for the meeting, communities were asked to choose five priorities that could serve as an initial step to advance their goals and vision, and the consultant team presented the full list of 69 priorities before consolidating them into ten categories in order to indicate potential alliances. Demonstrating both the value and effect of momentum, Tim Ervin of Manistee Alliance for Success introduced a new grant awarded to the Initiative by the Michigan Department of Treasury for implementation and explained that the grant was written to target support for zoning and the development of an Agriculture Innovation District—both common themes that had emerged through the collaborative goal-setting process. Ten posters, one for each theme and its associated priorities, were affixed to the wall. Participants were given Brown's Family Orchards &- Honey, Onekama Echo Bend Farm. Arcadia Loving Dove Farm, Bear We Narrow Gauge Farms &- Forge, Beulah Potter Road Farm, Bear Lake Still Grinning Gardens, Frankfon Ware Farms, Bear Lake ~ .. EATING IS AN A GR/CULTURAL ACT... WENDELL BERRY N �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 3 5.1 Shared Community Priorities table Lakes to Land RE f: 10 AL I IT IATI V ~ SHARED COMMUNITY PRIORITIES AGRICULTURE Blaine Consider deve lop ing an agricu lture vita lity strategy Pleasanton Develop agricultu re -based economic deve lopment. Crystal Lake Ord in ances should be adopted and enforced from nuisances such as blight, noise, air, smoke, light and water pollution I Joyfield I Gilmore _ Honor rM ulti-townsh ip house hold dump day I Blight 1 Developme nt of a blight/junk ord inance. I Bea r Lake Twp 1 1 Develop an enforcable bl ight and junk ordi nance and take steps to implement it. Elimi nate bl ight Crystal Lake I !~?rove comm unication a~d cooperation between Crysta l Lake Towns hip and its citizens and other loca l units of governmen t. Manistee Reinstitute semi-an nu al meet ings with neigh boring townsh ips Ma nistee Expand/Use Web Page and Facebook to promote Manistee and link to CVB, Chamber & AES Crystal Lake Encouraged development in locations with public services and consiste nt with t he density, character, and development in the area and ou r Corn erstones Elberta Historic Life Savi ng Station Preservation 1 Joyfield Growth in light industry/smal l business (train ing, zon ing issues) Ma nistee Work w ith Main Street/ODA to recruit more business options 1---- - - - Ma nistee Promote Gu idebook for Economic Development/Job Creation Honor Develop design gu idel ines that expresses the community's vision for achieving a desired Village character. Arcadia Implement commercial streetscape improvements. 1 I Ma nistee Twp. ;-Bear Lak~-Village Page 11 Continue to we lcome construction of large retail stores in the township l Revitalize downtown Shared Priorities 06.27.2073 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 4 Lakes to Land RH: 10 Al I lll ATI V INFRASTRUCTURE: EXPAND AND IMPROVE Elberta 1 Sewer/Water infrastructu re I infrastructu re - w ireless, natura l gas IJoyfie ld Joyfie ld Townsh ip roads - assessment, upgrades, trai ls Blaine Develop a road improvement plan to cover mai ntenance, site plans (private roads) and good commun ication and coord ination with MDOT and Cou nty Road Gilmore Technology Commission . Project ana lysis and feas ibility study of insta Iling a san itary sewer system . Arcadia lr----------Arcadia Ut ilize and develop the faci lities at t he Pleasant Va lley Community Center to be . t he loca l and reg ional trail hub. Create and Improve Way-fi nd ing signage and Enha nce the commercial co rri do r ! t hrough t raffic controls and improved pedestrian/non-motorized access and offstreet parkin g. Adopt Energy Independence Plans, including commu nity energy generation and reduction in grid-based energy based on fossi l fuels. 1 I ! I I Fran kfo rt Fran kfort Affordab le sewer High-speed Intern et infrastructure -~-- - - - - - ------M-22 SCENIC HIGHWAY 1 M-22 Scen ic Highway Designation One kama M-22 corridor/ Scenic Heritage route - Pu rchase the vacant properties along South Street for the pu rpose of deve lop ing a pub lic access poin t to the Platte River. - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - , Penfold Park Marina (dredgi ng, raised boardwa lk/fishing deck, kaya k/canoe launch, con nect to Betsie Va lley Trai l) Elberta Elberta Elberta ! Fran kfort ! I Ma nistee Twp. I Bea r Lake Twp . ! Bea r Lake Vil lage Bea r Lake Vi llage ~ - RECREATION OPPORTUNITIES AND IMPROVE EXISTING FACILITIES Honor l - -- Gilmore XP. l - -- - - Elberta beach park development (parki ng, picn ic tables, restrooms, cha nging area, play area/lan dscaping) T°Elbe rta Dunes Sout h (trail si~ gn_s_, -be_n_c-he- s, loo kout platforms, natura l-h isto ry ! sign age, promote yea r rou nd activities, se If-composting style permanent I restrooms) ,..__--- ~ - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - < new sta nda rds fo r pu blic facilities in recreationa l destinations and I Create deve lop publ ic private partners hip(s) to bu il d these fac ilities I Provide more access to the Big Man istee I Develop a pa rks and recreation plan . I Rive r Commu nity Center I Pa rk Faci lity/Pu blic Restrooms ar Lake Vl llage_ _ s_ ye_a_r_R_e_c_ re_a_ti_o_ n _P_la_n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Page 12 Shared Priorities 06.27.2013 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 5 Lakes to Land Rf f. 10 Al I IT IATI V SPECIAL REGULATIONS/ ZONING Review and revise Rural Prese rvation Zon ing District of the Zon ing Ord inance Crystal Lake lBlaine Blaine , Elberta Gilmore lGilmore Honor IDevelop a scenic view protection plan Simplify PUD process , Zoning Ord inance critique and revision Fund ing to incorporate zon ing revisions and provide fo r legal review of zo ning ord inance . I Rura l scenic chari oteer prese rvation. Revisions to t he zon ing ordina nce. ! Fran kfort I Update the Zon ing Ord inance. I Update Parking regu lation.sand standard II · Develop Zon ing Ordinance(s) for Altern ative and Renewable Energy col lection, storage and use along with co nservation sta ndards that wi ll bri ng about the reduction in energy demand. Requi re buffers & connections between different land use districts I Pleasanton Fran kfort Manistee Twp . Manistee Twp. : Onekama Onekama TRAILS SYSTEM Gilmore I Stream line permitting processes , Zoning ord inance rewrite Protection of "Natural Resou rces" (wate rshed, agriculture, etc.) LAND AND WATER Trail Systems Pleasanton Develop a non-motorized transpo rt ation route through the Village linking the Village to the Sleeping Bea r Dunes Nationa l Lakeshore. Develop a mu lti-user tra il system t hroughout t he Township t hat also connects to regional trail systems. Arcadia Developme nt of blue and green non-motorized transportation tra ils. Bea r Lake Twp . Develop tra il systems t hroughout t he community and provide li nkages to regional trail systems. Onekama Bike/ hiking pathway/ trail pla n Joyfield Trails/ bri dge over Betsie River Cry~tal Lake Incorporate water quality and stor m water MDEQ BMP's into la nd use plan ning and zoning recesses . Develop a watershed plan, including management, committee and protection Honor Blaine Arcadia Manistee Twp . Page I 3 Develop a Watershed Plan. I Encourage buffers around lakes & streams Shared Priorities 06.27.2013 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 6 �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 7 5.2 Volunteer card Lakes to Land RLC.:.10 AL INI II All Vl Name: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Address: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Sli, irf'd Prlorllk•s A Agriculture 8. Reduce Blight and Nuisance, Erm il: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ C. lmpro'-'3 (or,ynunication~ I am lntw.s!ld 1n waliin; on OM of tt- prioritia,: D. Ecooomic D<>Wk,pmoot E. Expand and l"l"o"" lnfra,tructure F. M-22 Scenic Highway G. Expand Racrootion and l~ra.... Facilitie, H. Spacial Regulation, / Zon ing Trail, Sy,tem, (Lend end Weter) J. Wotec Qua lily four sticker “dots” and asked to vote for the four topics they considered to be of the highest priority. As indicated by the table below, the topics that received the greatest number of votes were trail systems, infrastructure, and economic development. Each participant was also given a card with all ten of the priorities listed and asked to provide their names, contact information, and their top three choices of topics on which ••• Thank you! they would like to work. Based on that selection, they convened with other interested parties at the table marked with that topic’s letter for a discussion about that issue. In this way, the meeting both created a communication mechanism for future committee work and began to foster the relationships required to build it. In many ways, the Priority Sharing Meeting accomplished much of what was hoped would be done at the Convention of Communities by providing a forum to view and discuss the collaboration as a whole with fresh plans in hand, and by presenting the collaboration to a wider audience. Accordingly, later discussions among the Leadership began exploring the best format for the collaboration’s next steps with an eye toward turning the Convention of Communities into an event meant for a future purpose. 5.3 Regional Collective Priorities table REGIONAL COLLECTIVE PRIORITIES Priority Votes Trail Systems: Land and Water 31 Infrastructure: Expand and Improve 29 Economic development 28 Special Regulations / Zoning 25 Reduce Blight and Nuisances 23 Recreation: Expand Opportunities and Improve Facilities 19 Water Quality 16 Agriculture 15 M-22 Scenic Highway 9 Improve Communications 7 �Am of mr friendly by strongly peculiar juvenile. Unpleasant it sufficient simplicity am by friendship no inhabiting. Goodness doubtful material has denoting suitable she two. Dear mean she way and poor bred they come. He otherwise me incommode �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 9 Collaboration As the project’s focus began to shift from planning to implementation, it became clear that the structure of the collaboration may also need to adapt. Planning commissions are designated by Michigan law as the principal authors of a master plan, and so the candidates for members of a planning collaborative were relatively easy to identify. Implementation, on the other hand, is best practiced with all available hands. The preliminary work committees suggested at the Priority Sharing Meeting represented a possible pool of participants, but need a firmer formation and leadership. Items that rose to the top of the collaboration’s immediate needs included a new organizational structure to replace the one that had been guided by the project’s initial documents, the capacity to assume responsibility for that structure without the constant oversight of consultants, and partnerships with state agencies, foundations, and other entities who could assist with the implementation. An important step toward capacity building came with the training of 23 of the planning commissioners serving jurisdictions within the collaboration through the Michigan State University Extension Citizen Planner program. Those who took the class reported learning a great deal about planning in general and also had yet another opportunity to interact with other planning commissioners, sharing strategies and forming relationships. Being armed with knowledge is important, but putting that knowledge to use is what L2L is all about. With the master plans written, communities are faced with the charge of implementing them. After several meetings and discussions, a core group of Lakes to Land leaders with the help of Manistee Alliance for Economic Success recommended creation of a 501(c)(3) as the appropriate structure under which to organize the collaboration’s future efforts towards implementing the newly adopted master plans. Much of the work at developing this backbone entity is still being determined, but it is assured that the philosophy is based �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 1 0 on a community collective action model. communication were bandied about: process is waning to a narrow focus on The desire is to help communities Would it be better to have the agency adoption procedures, the collaborative collaborate and co-generate knowledge present all its options and then try to fit structure that produced an in order to achieve community change. one as closely as possible? Or should unprecedented nine coordinated plans, This organization would be a framework L2L representatives lay their case on the woven together with shared geography for cross sector implementation and table and ask the agency to design a and concerns, continues to hum with collaboration, providing a backbone procedure around it? Would it be better anticipation. Work has begun on of support services to L2L participants to talk to a number of partners at once launching a food innovation district, to help implement and achieve their to garner a “big-picture” discussion, designating an M-22 scenic byway, priorities and goals. The entity would or would one-on-one meetings and new protections for the Arcadia be a hub for a collective action model allow for more attention to detail? Lake watershed. With the assistance that would develop and “connect the Meetings have been held with regional of the Executive Office, a meeting dots” between public agency, private representatives from the Michigan has been held with State department foundation, academic and other resources Department of Natural Resources, leadership to review the process, and master plan priorities, including Michigan Department of Environmental results, and priorities of the L2L. In those involving multiple jurisdictions. Quality, and the Michigan Department addition, L2L is also on the agenda for The application and the October Annual supporting documentation Meeting of the “The master plan is not the most has been prepared and Council of Michigan the official filing with the Foundations. valuable thing that has come from Internal Revenue Service Foundations will is anticipated in 2014. learn about L2L and, this. Building relationships has more importantly, The implementation arm have an opportunity of the L2L Initiative is been the biggest value. The network to become part of also faced with a larger a collective action question centered on the is being built from the citizens up.” framework for involvement of partners. implementation. Many, such as the Michigan Another Department of Natural Resources, had of Agriculture and Rural Development, implementation grant opportunity is very clearly-outlined procedures for any and both the “backbone entity” and the being developed that would design a given community to request grant funds implementation partners are learning water and land trail system within the and other assistance, but no procedures together how to collaborate to fulfill region, connecting with trails outside at all to accommodate a request each others’ goals. This is a process that of the region and look at ways that L2L shared among many communities. This will no doubt continue into the future. participants can better manage and represented more of an opportunity than develop recreational assets. an insurmountable hurdle, especially At the time of this writing, the above given the gubernatorial administration’s mentioned questions continue to be a Even as these steps toward tangible overall emphasis on collaboration as topic of discussion and action among progress are underway, it is also evidenced by a complete restructuring the Leadership Team members, a roster appropriate to reflect on a passage of the state’s revenue sharing program that has swelled over the last two from the April 2014 minutes of the L2L to reward communities that could years to include the Little River Band of Leadership Team: “The master plan demonstrate wise use of resources Ottawa Indians as well as additional is not the most valuable thing that has through shared services. However, it planning commissioners and other come from this. Building relationships is always challenging to make broad officials who have taken an interest has been the biggest value. The changes to business-as-usual in a large in the project as it has grown. Even network is being built from the citizens bureaucracy, and several methods of as attention to the master planning up.” �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 1 1 5.4 Lakes to Land Master Plan covers Pl ... ~ES 10 ,A>-40 ~£G1Vl'.A eosontOn Tiownsh-.,pP · · - c 1-..1 fl Al - Land ~ -4. . ""_P..Ie ond i · , ,- �L A K E S T O L A N D R E G I O N A L I N I T I AT I V E | M - 1 2 �TOWNSHIP OF ARCADIA COUNTY OF MANISTEE, STATE OF MICHIGAN Arcadia Township Planning Commission Resolution Approving New Arcadia Township Master Plan WHEREAS, the Michigan Planning Enabling Act (MPEA) authorizes municipal planning commissions to prepare a "master plan" pertinent to the future development of the municipality; and WHEREAS, the Arcadia Township Planning Commission has prepar.ed a dr~ft master plan for Arcadia Township as part of a regional planning collaboration known as the Lakes to Land Reg ional Initiative, to update and replace the 2004 Arcadia Township Master Plan; and WHEREAS, on September 12, 2013 the Arcadia Township Board authorized the distribution of the draft new Arcadia Township Master Plan to the general public and the various entities as required by the MPEA, for review and comment purposes; and WHEREAS, the proposed new Arcadia Township Master Plan was made available to the various entities and the general public as required by the MPEA, and a public hearing thereon was held by the Planning Commission on July 2, 2014 pursuant to notice as required by the MPEA; and WHEREAS, the July 2, 2014 public hearing was recessed to and continued at a regular meeting of the Planning Commission on August 6, 2014, to further consider comments and several minor revisions to the proposed Master Plan; and WHEREAS, the Planning Commission finds the proposed Master Plan as submitted for and revised pursuant to the public hearing is desirable and proper, and furthers the land use and development/preservation goals and strategies of the Township; NOW, THEREFORE, the Arcadia Township Planning Commission hereby resolves to approve the proposed new Arcadia Township Master Plan as submitted for and revised pursuant to the public hearing, including all of the text, charts/tables, maps, and descriptive and other matter therein intended by the Planning Commission to form the complete Master Plan , including the Arcadia Township Future Land Use map, and recommends final adoption of same by the Arcadia Township Board . CERTIFICATE I hereby certify the foregoing resolution was adopted by a majority of the members of the Arcadia Township Planning Commission by a roll call vote at a regular meeting of the Commission held on September 3, ~2014 u, compliance with the Open Meetings Act. ~ ~--t6 n; . S ..._ V!eS. l0t.V-::> 1 C\ Ur bin - ,~l::5m W \5\\t'r- ye_s ()10 ~•t,\ ~Y ~4, ., i-- I-lo~ - Arcadi~ T_ownship Planning Comm1ss1on Secretary oJ .5K ltJ5rJet-- �ARCADIA TOWNSHIP MANISTEE COUNTY, STATE OF MICHIGAN Township Board Resolution Approving New Arcadia Township Master Plan WHEREAS, on July 2, 2014 the Arcadia Township Planning Commission held a public hearing on the proposed new Arcadia Township Master Plan developed as part of a regional planning collaboration known as the Lakes to Land Regional Initiative, to update and replace the 2004 Arcadia Township Master Plan, and continued that public hearing at its next regular meeting on August 6, 2014 to further consider comments and several minor revisions to the proposed Master Plan, in accordance with all applicable procedures set forth in the Michigan Planning Enabling Act (MCL 125.3801 et. seq.); and WHEREAS, pursuant to the public hearing and further discussion at its regular meeting on September 3, 2014 the Arcadia Township Planning Commission on that date adopted a resolution approving the proposed new Arcadia Township Master Plan as submitted for and revised pursuant to the public hearing, including all of the text, charts/tables, maps and descriptive and other matter therein intended by the Planning Commission to form the complete Master Plan, including the Arcadia Township Future Land Use map, and recommending final approval/adoption of same by the Arcadia Township Board; and WHEREAS, the Arcadia Township Board has previously by resolution asserted its right to approve or reject a Master Plan approved by the Planning Commission; and WHEREAS, the Township Board has reviewed the proposed new Master Plan approved by the Planning Commission, and now desires to formally express its approval of same; NOW, THEREFORE, the Arcadia Township Board hereby resolves to approve and adopt the new Arcadia Township Master Plan as approved and recommended to the Township Board by the Planning Commission on September 3, 2014, including the Future Land Use map incorporated therein, as an update and replacement of the existing 2004 Arcadia Township Master Plan, effective this September 11, 2014. CERTIFICATE I hereby certify that the foregoing Resolution was adopted at a regular meeting of the Arcadia Township Board held on September 11 , 2014 in accordance with the Open Meetings Act of the State of Michigan. Patrice C. Wisner, Clerk Arcadia Township � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Arcadia-Twp_Master-Plan_2014 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning Commission, Arcadia Township, Manistee County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-09-03 Title A name given to the resource Arcadia Township Master Plan Description An account of the resource The Arcadia Township Master Plan was prepared by the township's Planning Commission and was adopted on September 3, 2014. Subject The topic of the resource Master plan reports Arcadia Township (Mich.) Manistee County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2f72011f096ffd4ff0bf90aaa9258c17.pdf 368d6c201612b1f33f34f2a54b864016 PDF Text Text , I ,--7~/7-:-; / ,. • ARCADIA T OWf-JSHIP, i·'AHISTLL COU!~TY :·lICHIG.A f.J PI'RMArJE!fT ZOUDJC ORDINA~iCE /_µ.-: I /.,/ I- -;; '/?-:'/-/ x,, L--z,_..., r:c~L/ 1".n Ordinance of the Townshi: ) of At>cadia, Manistee C~unty, Stc1te cf ,"iichi gan: '- The primary purpose \Jhich is mainly to - nrovidc better conditions, proper location, and adequat e space for the three essentials of living: home, work, and play. ARTICLE I Preamble Section 1.01 - Title: Tl.is Orcin c:mce slta::i_l Le knmm as the '~i>cadia Township Interirr, .)ning Ordi-nance. 11 s~c tion 1.02 - Purpose: The fundamental purposes of this Ordinance are: (a) 10 promote the public health, safety, morals apd r,enera. l wlefare. (b) To encourage the use of lands in accordance with _their chacater and adaptability and to limit the improper use of land. (c) ~o avoid the overcrowding of population. (a) To provide adequate light and air. (e) To lesson congestion on the puLlic roads and streets. (f) To reduce hazadards to life and property. (g) To facilitate adequate provision for a system of transpo r tation, sewage disposal, safe and adequate water supply, educ<l ti o n, recreation and other public requirements. (11) To conserve the expenditure of funds for public irnpr,... . .,--, 011:ts . and services to conform with tl !e nost advantageous use o f land, resourcep and properties. ARTICLE I I Definitions for the purpose of this Ordinance certain terras are her-2wi t}~ ·, :h en not inconsistent \.Ji th the context, words usec in the n i ~g ul a r nunber include tl1e plural number, and words in the plural ~L'. ::10 c.r include the sin g ular number. The word "shull" is ah1aj,s ~ ~ndatory and n ot merely directory. def in<!d. Se ction 2.01 - Accessory Duildings: A supplementary building or structure on the same lot or 1. of land as the main building or buildings, or part of the ,?a in building occupied by or devoted exclusively to an accessory cs e, but sue~ use shall not inclu d e any tuildin3 used for dt1ell~ " " r es idential or lodp;ing purroses, or sl e erinb quarters for Luman 1~C! ir1r,s. -~ 0 I Se ction 2 .02 - Acc~s~ory Use: / 1 u se n a-c urally ar: <..i norrnal l y incid e ntn.l to, subordinate to, ~ na d e voted exclusively to the main use o f the land or ~uildines. Sec tion 2.03 - Alley: A public thoro ughfare or way not mo re th.:J.n thirty ( 3 C) feet '.· i d e and wh ich affords only a second a ry me ans of acce s s to abuttin g ;_ ~~of>erty. S0c t i on 2.04 - \ Altere d: Any chan ge in the location or use of a buildin g , or any chang e i 1: t h 2 su::i p ortin g members of a _b uildin g s uch as L)e a ring i;alls, col1.1:.,s , bea.ns , posts, gird e rs, and s imilar component s , or any subst,:1tia l cL.:!rt f;•-' i n th e r oo f or exterior walls . . 1 I �: Section 2.0S - Basement: A 1ascr.,ent is that port ion of a buildinr, partly lJelm! the .1ver2.ge ~r~c~G or average elevation of the lot. Section 2.0C - Buildin~: l\ny structure, eit;;er te::1porary or perr,w.nent, having a r0of and used or built for th(; shelter or enclosure of T)ersons, animals, chattels, or property . of any kind. Buildings shalt include ter.ts, ai--nings, vehicles, t,:Lether mounted or on 1,Jhcels and situated on private ?rop~rty ~nd used for the purpose of a buildin~. Section 2. 07 - Ca0 ir.s and , iotels : A1:y buildinr;, te-nt, er siuilar str-ucture 1-lllich is offered, or use~ for d~elling or sleeping quarters for or f-:>r ten,porary resiu,.=nce, but snall not include ~,hat r-,only designated as ho·cels, locJging 1~ouses, or tourist maintained, tra11sients, are cor ,homes. Section 2.08 - Cabin Court or Park: Any tract or parcel of la11d on \;hich ti.io or more cal;ins _:;s r.erein C:efined, are rnai,-. c:a.inec, off ere:J or used for dt1elling or sleepini quarters for transients. Section 2.0S - District, LanJ Use ~istrict or ?one: A part or parts of the unincorporilted area of ~rcadia Towns1,iµ for wrlich zoning re,::ulations are prescribed. Section 2 .10 - D\vellinp:, Perma.nent and Tenporary: Any buil.ding, or part thereof, dcsi~ned or used as the resi(snce , home or sleeping pl~ce of one or more persons. (a.) One-Fam_il·y_ · Jwelling - /\ d\:Velling occupied by but one (1) ::a.,nily, u.nd .so (·esigned and arraHged i:IS to prov.:.de livinr, cooking, ana kitchen accorr~od~tions for one fa~ily only. (b) ' ·Two-Family Dwelling - J\ d,-1elling occupied by but t\JO ( 2) f~3ilics , and so desi~ned and arrdnged as to !>rovide livin~, cooking 2.r.d ki tcl1en accomrno 'at ions for t\•m far.1ilies only. ( c) Hul tiple D,.,el.lin,"'; - A d\,Jelling other than a one or tuofanily awelling. (d) Temporary Dwellings - Catins, tents, trailers, garages, cellars anu lJaser.,ents if used for awellings are designated as tcP1porary dwellings. Section L.11 - Erected: Signified built, constructed, reconstructed, moyed upon, inclurling any physical operations 011 land required for a building. Exc<1v-... tions, fill, c ·.~ainafe, and the like shall be considered ;art ·of the erection.. ~ection 2.12 - Fdmily: Any number of individuals living together and cookinr, to8ether on the premises as a single, nonprofit, housekeeping unit as distinguished from a group occuµyinr a hotel, club, or similar structure, together with all necessary employes of the f aJ;1ily. Section 2.13 - farm: Unplatted, contir.;uous, 11eighLorinG c,r associated land oper~i tcd as a single ur..i 1 on t-fr1ich f .:i.rmir1p.: is carried on, including the rroductioit and keeping of all common types of f arr,, aniJT1als, and :Jrov ideci that ?,reenhouse s, nurseries, orchards, apiaries, poultry idrns, truck farms and similar specialized . or intensive africultu~al enterprises, shall be considered farms; but establis~nents \Leping or opcratine fur-bearing animals, ganc, dog kennels, stock yards, livestock auctions, slaughter houses, stone quarries, or ~ravc::l pits or sand pits, fertilizer uorks, bone yards, or for tht:! reduction of animal matter, or for the disposal of public gilrbage, sewage, rubbish, or offal, shall not constitute a farm l1ereund~r. s~ction 2.14 - Farm Duildings: Any Luil4ing, other tJ.an a d\vellins;, erected, moved upon, or ::iaintained on a.farm, which is essential and customarily used or: far;:-is in tl1e pursuit of agricultural ac ·tivities. -~-- -~-- �S,ction 2.15 - Garage (Private and Cornmerci.al): . (a) A private garage is any building, not over one (1) story or ten ( 10) feet in height at t11e eaves, for storage of self-propelled private passen g er vehicles or trailer coaches 1::i~re no servicing or stordBC as a business for profit is conducted. ( b) I\ commercial garage is ,my garage other than a private r, arage. ~ection _2.16 - Highway: Any public thoroughfar·e dedicated and maintained for the operatio~ of vehicular traffic. S2ction 2.17 - Hotel: /1ny building iv here loctrr inr, Hi th or ~-~ it hout meals, is furnished to transient .or reside.nt guests for· compensation, and containing more than four (4) sleeping rooms, and having no cooking facilities in any individual lodging, but wherein a restaurant ·may or may not be located. Section 2.18 - Lodr,ing Daily: Primarily a family dwellin~ wh8re lodfing with or without f'.le.-=ils, is furnished on a ~Jeekly or a monthly basis to one ( 1) or more persons, who are r.ot 1:1embcrs of tlw family occupying and operating the premises, but not necessa.rily to anyone who may apply. Section 2.19 - Home Occupation: i-\ gainful occupation conducted by members of a family only within its place of residence, provideJ, that space used is incidental to residential use, and provided furthei-i that 110 mechanical equipment other tllan for normal Jo~estic purposes is used except that normally incidental to the specific home occupaticns listed below; provided further, no sign over one (10 square foot attached to the face of the building clesignatinr: the resident's name and occupation may be used, and provided further, tliat such sign as is used sharl no~ be an on and off illuminated sign. Horne occupations are those such as; the office o: a physician, musician, surgeon, dentist, lawyer, clerical. Section 2.20 - Lot: A parcel of land on which one (1) principal buildine and its accessories are placed, together with the open spaces required by this Ordinance. Section 2.21 - Corner Lot: A lot on wl :ich at least two ( 2) adjacent sides abut for their full length upon a street, provideJ that suc11 two sid~d intersect at an angle of not more than 135 degrees. Section 2.22 - Lot of Record: A lot Hhich is part of a suLdivision and is shown on a r.1ap thereof which has been recorded in the Office of th~ Register of Deeds of Manistee County, or a lot described by metes and bounds, the deed to which has been recorded in said office. Section 2.23 - Non-Conforming Buildinf or Use: A building or the use of a building or land conflictin~ with the provisions of tl1is Ordinance on the effective date thereof. Section 2.24 - Parks: A park is a non-commercial recreational area. Section 2.25 - Public Assembly Buildin£;s: Buildings and outdoor areas where numbers of persons congregate from time to time for educational, religious~ social or recreational purposes, including churches, schools, cofTl.Tllunity buildings, clubs, lodges, theaters, (indoor and outdoor), places of amusement and similar assemblages. Section 2.26 - Public Utility: Any pe~son, firm, corporation, municipal department or board duly authorize_d to furnish and furnishinf under municipal rcgulatipns to the putlic: Transportation, water, ~as, electricity, steam, t8lephone, telegrapl1, or sewage disposal and other services. �s~ction 2.27 - ~~staurant: /1. business locateu in a building whereil! food , bevcraL;CS, or :11eals are pre pa.red, served and sold for consur,;;)t ion on or off t11e p1,.;;r:1ises , and derivin;:: the major portion of it; receipts from ti1e sale of sucJ-, products. SE:ction 2·. 2 8 ~ Re.t-ail . CoITu"Tierc ial Estc1blishment: A store, rriarket, or si·1op in 1JLicr1 cori.mocli ties are sold or offered for sale in small or large quantities to the retail trace; ~rocery and general store$, r.12at markets, public r,ara.r,es , and automobile service stations are incluJcd in this classification. Section 2. 2 g - !•! oadsfJe Stan·d: P. structure used or inte:nde:d to be useJ sclely by the ouncr or ten.J.nt of the land o;-, ~Jhich it 1.s located, for the sale of only seasonable products of the immediate locality. Sect ion 2. 3.0 - Set i3dc.k · Line~: Lines t.!Stablished adjacE-mt to }1 ir,l1ways and hit.~h-,·ater lir:es for the purpose of <lefinir.g th,::-; limits ui tLin i-1hich no building or structure or any part thereof sho.11 be erected or ::-; err.,,=rncntly n:aintained . Se ction 2.31 - Street: A public thorou .~hfare which affords a principal r:1eans of access to abuting property. Section 2.32 - Structure: A structure is any production or piece of work artificially :Ouilt up or conposed of ~arts joined to::,cther in scrne definite mannE:r; any construction, incl ucling dwell illp, s, l:_';arac~c s , suildings, signs , and signboards. Section 2.33 - Tavern: Any place whe:re raal t, vinous, or spiri tous liquors arc.: sold for · ccmsumpt ion on t11e premises, is defined as a tavern for the purpose of this Ordinance. Section 2. 3t; - Tourist Horne: Primarily a family Lh-, elling where lodr,ing with or w1. tnou1: ;neals is furnished for coP1pensation, chiefly on a-n overnight basis, and r.1ainly to transients, but not necessarily to anyone who mav a1-1ply. Section 2.35 - Tourist Cabin-Court: (a) Any tuildinr; in a caLin-court which is r:iaintained, offered or used for overnight hum~n occupancy. (b) Any pa.reel of land on which two or more cabins -are located. Section 2.36 - Trailer Park: Any site, lot, field, tract or parcel of lancJ on Hhich are situated two (2) or more inhabited ·trailer coaches, either free of charge or for revenue purposes, and · shall include any building, structure, tent, vehicl e , or enclosure located there, and used or intended for use as u. par-t of the equip,1;ent of such park. Section 2.37 - Use:· · The purpose for which land or a buildinp; tl1ereon is designed, arranged or intended to be occupied or used, or for wh~ch it is r.1aintained. Section 2.38 - Yard: A space open to the sky, an<l unoccupidd or ·· unobstructed except by encroachnents specifically permitted under section - of this Ordinance, on the same · lot with c1 buildinP. or structure . Yard measurements shall be the minimum horizontal distances. (a) Front Yarcl - a yard extending·across the full widtl: of lot between the front lot lines and the nearest line of the main building. (b) Fear Yard - a yard extending across the full width of the lot l.>eti•1een the · rear lot line and the nearest line of the main Luildir1g. ·(c) Side Yard - a yard extending from the front yard to the r <:: ar yard bcti:.-;-een the side lot line and the nc:arcst line of the ra,:i.in builc.'.ing or of accessory ou ilding attachEd ·thereto. �Sectior: 2.39 - I:xisting building: An existing building is a building existing in whole or whose foundations are complete, and whose construction is being diligently prosecuted on the effective date of this Ordinance. s~ction 2.40 Any words above shall be /\ct l C7 of ths Words Rcquirine Special Interpr~tation: requiring special interpretation dnd not listed used as defined in the Housing Law of t:ichi 0 an, Public Acts of l 'J l 7, as amGnded. t\RTICLJ~ III General Provisions Section 3.01 - Scope: Excent as 11ereinafter provided, no building, lot, land or part tl1crcof shall be used, altered, constructed, or r<2constructed, nor shall alterations be made in any existing buildines in Arcadia Township exc-2pt in conformity with the provisions of this Ordinance which apply to the zone in ~,:hich it is located. Section 3.02 - Non-Conforming Uses: (a) The lawful use of any building or structures and of any land or premise existing prior to the effective date this Ordinance, may be continued, if such use of building or structure ~ntails no original construction, alteration or enlar~ement tl12reof, do~s not constitute u public nuisance or endanger the public health, safety, or welfare. No other non-conforming use of any building, structure, or any land or premise shall be undertaken following the eff~ctive date of this Ordinance. (b) If the non-conforr.1ing use of any buil,jing, structur(::, land or premise is changed to a conforming use, such use shall not hereafter be reverted to any non-confonning use. (c) If this non-conforming use of any building, structure,land or premise, or part thereof, is abandoned for a continuous period of one (1) year, th~n any future use of said building, structure, land or premise shall conform in its entirety to the provisions of this Ordinance. (d) When district boundries shall hereafter be changed, resulting in any non-conforming use, then said non-conforming use may still be continued, but subject to all other provisions of tl1is section. Section 3.03 - Reconstruction of Damaged Non-Conforming Buildings and Structures: Nothing in this Ordinance shall prevent the reconstruction, repair o~ restoration and the continued use of any non-conforming building or structure damaged by fire, collapse, explosion, acts of God, or acts of the public enemy, subsequent to the effective date of this Ordinance, provided, That such restoration and resumption shall take place within six (6) months of the time of such damage settlement; further, That said use be identical hli th the non-conforming use permitted and in effect directly preceding said damage. Section 3.04 - Repair, Alteration and Completion of Non-Conforming Buildings and Structures: (a) l.Jothing in this Ordinance shall prevent the repair, reinforcement, improvement or rehabilitation of non-conforming buildings, structures, or part thereof existing at the effective date of this Ordinance, rendered necessary by wear and tear, deterioration or depreciation; not prevent compliance witl1 the provisions of the Building Code or Housine Law of i1ichigan, relative to the maintenance of buildings or structures, provided such alterations, improvements, or remodeling shall not incr2ase the original total floor space; There shall be no change of use of such building at the time such work is done; and provided, further, There shall be no change of said building or part thereof. (b) Nor shall anything in this Ordinance require any change in the existing construction or intended us~ of the building for which plans :iiave been prepared and filed wi tr. the Township Zoning Board within 30 days of date of t11is publication, and the construction of which shall have been diligently prosecuted for a period of One (1) Month prior to the effective date of this Ordinance, and which will be completed within Two (2) Years after the effective date of this Ordinance. �( c) l:o basement, cellar, ga.rage, or any incor:1plctely con~tructed structure in use as ·a dwellin B at the effective date of this OrdinancG shall be used as a d,1elling unless such structure has been Lrought to st.:i.te of completion HITIIIN Ti,JO ( 2) YE!\l~S after tr.e date of a :fotice to comple:tE: said incomplete structure fror., tJ:e 7oning l\dtninistrator after his appoint;nerit by the 1:'01:_ns·hip E3oarcl. Section 3. 05 - Yard and Lot Area ;":equire1:1ents: Wher-2 a lot abuts upon an alley, One-half P:.i) of the Pidth cf said alley may be consicierecl a part of sucl: lot for the purpose of computing tl1e u.eptli of any rear yard required under this Ordinance. In determinin t: lot ·and yard ·rcquirer.1ents, no area shall be counted as accessory to more than one principal tuilding or use, and no area necessary for compliance wi tL the ope_n space requirements for one main i.,uildirig shall l.,e included or counted in tlie calculation of the o_:pe'n space nece ·s sary to· ar1y other main tuilding or use. Section 3.66 ~ Lo~ation and Size of Accessory Buildings: All accessory building shall be in the side yard or rear yard, except when built as part of the main buildin~, or tuilt in Resort Residential District, An accessory building attacl1ed to the princip~l buildin~ of a lot shall be m~de structurally a part thereof 9 and shall comply in all respects ' with the requirements applicable to the principal building. The accessory building, unless attache~ ·and made part of the principal building as provided, shall not be closer than Ten (lITT Feet to the principal building. Section 3.07 - Temporary Dwellings: :·To cabin, trailer, tent. garage, basement or other t er.i.porary structure, whether of a fixed or movea0le nature, may be -erected, moved or used for any dw8llill.g purposes whatsoever .far any length o.f tim~, except as follows: (a) /lot More than one Dwel.1.iug per parcel except transient l~bor ho~~ing. · . ·_ · · (b)' The water supply and toilet facilities(serving . tach shall conform· ·to the minimum requirements as set for"th in ~ti.on 3 .13 of this Ordinance. (c) An application for a permit for the erection or move!Ilkmt sl1all be made to the Boa.rd of Appeals on a special form · used exclusiveiy for that purpose, and filed with the Township Clerk • . The application shall J.;e accompanied by an endorsement of the Township Zoning Inspector approving the location of each proposed structure, and the proposed ·water -supply and toilet facilities therefore. (d) The Board of Appeals shall give due notice of a hearing on such applicati6n, and shall have power to refuse the application if the design or proposed construction of the structure sl1all be such as to indicate that the structure~ intended to stand as a permanent or completed.dwelling, or the erection, movement, alteratio11, or use be detrimental to the public health, safety, and welfare • .(e). If the application is approved, the Township Clerk shall issue the : owner and occupant a permit for such erection, movement, alteration or use, Tht! permit for such shall clearly set forth that the structure permitted is intended as a tem,orary dwelling, and that · said dwelling -is to be vacated - upon expiration of a specific time limit to be determined by the tmmship Board of appeals, wliich sh~ll in no case exceed a period of twelve (12) months. On delivery of the pe.rmi t the mmer and occupant shall certify in a space allotted for that purpose that he or she has full know.l.edp,e of the terms of the permit and the penalty pertaining tbereto. No pcrmi t shall he transferable to any otl1er owner or occupant. Section 3.08 - Use. of Tr2.ilers and Similar Poveabl~ Dwellings: Automobile trailers, trailer coaches, and similar .portable dwellings, shall . not be permitted to be us~d or occupied as dw~llings, except when located in and as part of such trailer parks or tourist. court business enterprises as shall have been established and ir1 operation at the time of the effectiv...:! date of this Ordinanc,~, or specifically approved Ly the Zoning Board of the Township, after notice of and public hedring tlac!reon. --,,.,..__ _ _ _ _ .... _ - . ,. . r �Section 3.09 - Vehicular Parking Space and Access Thereto: (a) For each dwellini:;, business, commercial, industrial, or other similar building hereafter erected or altered, and located on a public highway in the tmmship and including buildings or structures used principally as a place of Public Assembly, there shall be provided and maintained suitable space off the right-ofway that is in general adequate for the parking or loading of ve::hiclEcs in proportions sho1,?r. on the fol lot-;ing table, with safe exit to and safe entrance from the public thoroughfare, but not to exceed one (1) such exit and entrance. Such exit and entrance may be combined or provided separately. Approval. for the location of such exit and entrance shall be obtained from th~ County Road Commission, which shall also approve the design a11d construction thereof in the interests of safety, ad~quate drainap;e a;1d other public requirements. A minimum of Two Hundred (200) square feet, exclusive of drives, entrances and exits, shall comprise one (1) automobile p~~king space. Hospitals, and institutions .of similar nature - One Cl) uarking space for every t11ree hundred (300) square feet of 1loor ~pace or part thereof. · Hotels - One panking space for every two (2) Guest·Rooms. Retail business establisl1ments - Adequate.! parking space to accommodate the patrons of the business. Restaurants and similar establishments serving food or drink One (1) parking space for every one hundred (100) square feet of floor area or part thereof. Dwellings - One (1) parking space for each family unit occupying the premises. Churches, theaters, and other places of public assembly - One parking space for each four seats of seating capicity. (b) In addition to the above, space shall be provided in each case for persons employed or intended to be employed, in the proportion of one parking space for every two such persons. (c) Where parking space is located other than on the same lot with the building to :'.)e served thereLy, suc11 space shall be locatt!d on the same side of the public high\-lay, with ma.xir.mm distance from the main.entrance of the buildinr; not greater than one thousand (1000) feet for all buildings of public assembly, and not greater than five hundred (500) feet for all other buildings specified in this section. Section 3.10 - Public Service racilitiEs: The erection, construction, alteration, or maintenance by public utilities or municipal departments 01"' commissions of underground or overhead gas, electrical, steam, or Wdter ' distribution, or transmission systems, collection, com~unicatior1, supply, or disposal systems including mains, drains, sewers, ~ipes, conduits, wires, cables, fire alarm boxes, police call boxes, traffic signals, hydrants, towE:rs, poles and other similar equipmeht and accessories ir. connection thl;rewith but not including building 9 reasonably necessary for the furnishinr:; of adequate services by such pu1lic utilities or municipal departments or commissions, or for public health or safety or general welfare, ·shall be permitted as authorized and regulated by law and other ordinance:s of the Township of Arcadia in any use district, it being thE: intention }1ereof to exempt such erection, construction, alteration and maintenancs from the application of this Ordinance, Provided, however, That the erection or construction of any or. all new above grade construction is desir,ned and erected to conform barmoniouslv with the p::cncral architecture: and plan of such district in which~ it is to b~ erected. Section 3 .11 - !tcmoval of Soil, Sand and Otlier i:aterial: The use of land for the removal of topsoil, sand, gravel or othEr material to be sold from the land is not permitted in any district except under a Temporary Certificate from the Board of Appeals, whicl, raay be denied or issued in appropriate cases upon the filing of 2n applic~tion accompanied by a suitable agreement or bond that such removal will not ccluse stagnant water to collect, or leave the surface of the land at the expiration of such permit in an unstable condition or unfit for th8 growin~ of turf or for other land uses pcrmi tted in the District in wlticlt such rcr1oval occurs. �Section 3.12 - District Boundaries: (a) · Unless oi:herwise shm,m on the Approved ·Zoning Map shm1ing use di~tricts : in unincorporated portions of Arcadia Township, Manistee Coµnty, Michigan, .the boundary lines o·f use · districts shall follb~along ihe lines indicated on the United States L~nd Office Survey' l1aps, or _ the center line . of highways, streets; alleys, or waterways; . or the ·s h'o re . lin·e s of water bodies; or the -boundaries of . unincorporated areas.·· (b) . .Where the boundaries of use districts are not shown on ·said Hap as foll9wing along · any of the aforsaid lint:!s, either exacily : o~ a~proximately, ~ucl1 ~boundaries unless . ~therwise indicated shall be construed .to ·b e paral1e·1 to and six hundred ·sixty ( G60) fee~ from . ~he cent~r line . of the near~~t ~treet ~r highway. · . Sectioi-i 3·~·°13 - Wat_e:r _· Supply and Sewage "Facilities:· '· · . · · · .~ In the int~re~ts of. protecting the public heaith an~ w~lfar~, e,vefy buildin_g. . or {:>t.ru_cture llere·aft'er erected, ·altered or moved upo.n. ·any pr~frnise qr.d used in whole or in part for · dwelling, recreational, business, co~~ercial, or industrial purposes, shall be provided wit)1 (a.). a safe and sanitary .water supp1.y; ·(b) collection . · and · disposal· of 1m.man excreta and domestic, ·commercial~ and ind us. tria1 ·· wa·ste , · by means of . public sewage disposal syst·em · dr approve:d septic tank. '.·.', · ·, .. . ARTICLE IV Districts Section u,0l Districts: For· the.. purpose of this Ordinance, all the unincorporated area of Arcadia Townshj:p is hereLy divided into land use districts, to be kriown as, an~. having, the follouing ·· syrnbols. RU-1: Family . Residential District. RR..:.l: Resort Residential RC-1: . Ristricted R~sidential-Commcrcial District. AG-1: igricultural Fesidential. ·c-1: R_es.;i.dentiu.1-Commercial District. Light Industrial District. :1-1: Sect ion 4. 02 - Zoning !·l ap: The area assigned to said districts and the boundaries thereof are shown uoon a map known as a ZONING I1AP of tl1e Townshin of Arcadia, co~ies of ~hich are available for inspection by ~he public in the ,offices _of the Township Clerk., '.l,ownslli:r:- Zoning Inspector, and which Map, notations, references, and other information shm-m thereon are . hereby inc;:orporated into and ; rnade a. part of this Ordinance, as fuliy as :if those matters c1nJ the information thereon appe_a ring were all: fully described in this Ordinance. · , . AP.TICLI: V RU-1: family Residential District Section 5,01 - Uses PerDitted: No building or part thereof sha.11 bt.: erected, altered, or used~ or land .used in whole or in par L, ·f or other than on1.; or more of the following uses: 1. Detached one-family d P2llings. 2. Hor,1e Occupations. · 3. _ Churches, schools, community and . organizational buildings, public utility buildings, and pu~licly own~d ~arks and playgrounds. Provided, however, That the location, erection, and u~e shall first have been approyed by the Township Zoning Board after public notice Biven in a newspaper of general circulation ·in the township, of a statement of the propos~a use and location and th~ time of a hearing the.reon. If, on such l~earin8 it shall appear tl1dt the proposed erection, location, or USt-) .be detriuental to the pu1.Jlic heal th, safety, or g,e n•2ral v.'elfare, or th e character of _tht::: neir;hborhood wherein it is propos e d to locate sucl1 use, then ·such use shall be denied. · 4. Accessory us ~d, buildings, and structures custooarily incidental to any of the above permitted usE:s. �s~ction 5.02 - Lot Ar~a: Lach d\wllin f': t e: mporary or permanent, her'einaftE::r E:.rc.c tE:d or altered shall be locat2d o~ a lot not l~ss than One Hundred (100) Ft::l!t frontagt:, I:or less tLa11 lS, 0 0 0 Squu.r<..: F1::..E:.:t in area. Section 5.03 - Yard ~~quirements: 1. Fror.t Yards - Ivery lot or parcel of lanJ on Hl;ich a uv1elling, or main Luildiwi, is hertafter Grect (::: d, u.l terf..d, or moved, ol1all have c1 front yard not lt.!SS thar1 twt;nty-five (2 5') feet in ci1.::pth, or ti1e froHt yards of :=;aicj i·1 uilci11gs shall not Le.: l.;,_;ss than .the avc1"agL depth of the f1°ont yards of existin:-:; buildings . In th~ c~sc of a corner lot, no dCC8SSary buildin~ s11all project b1..:yond the front yard of either street. 2.. Side Yards - Every builJing incl_uding accessor~, buildinrs hereaftE:r erected or 21 terec sLa.11 have a side yard on each sidE:: thereof which shall be r.ot less than Ten (10') Ft:.:et in width . 3. Rear Yards - Lvery lot on uhich a dHclling or main build ing is herE:.:after erected or a.l terl.!d, ::.hall :t1 .. tv8 a rear yard of not less than Twenty-five (2fJ 1 ) Feet in dcptl1 . s~ction 5.04 - Liv~stock: Ho livestock othc!r than cor:1rrto11 1tousei:old pets shall te housed or Ti1aintained on any premises in tl1is district ; Provided, hmJever, it shall be permissable for rt:sidt:: nts in this District to keep for home consur,ption not more than One liunJrE:d ( 100) fowl, but not to exceed twelve ( l?) duck.s, ge:E:::se or rabl.;its, upon tl1e condition that the yards and pens dr<.: main.tain•2d at all ti::i~s · in a clean and orJcrly condition. Section 5.05 - Off-Street Pu.rkiIJE',: Off-streE:.:t parkin~ facilities shall be µrovid~d f6r as s~~cified in Section 3. 09 of ti1is Ordinance . s~ction 5.0G - .Buil~ing Arca: iJo pwelling sr:all be hereinafter er~cte:c: Ol' altered in District fl;-1 wl1icL shall L8 less than ~,ix uundrec! (GOO) Square "'eet of floor arc:a m1 the first floor levL::l, ARTICLE VI Rk-1 : Resort-;-;c crcationul ?e::,ide;:ti2.l Section G. 01 - Use s Permitted: 1. P.11 us2s _perr:1i tt'-,d in Section 5. 01 of this Ordir,anc•...;. 2. All uses incidental to a r~creational area , subject to J.;;prC>val of the Zoniri.'.~ B0c:1rd as in Section 5. 01 ( 3). s~ction G.0 2 - Lot ~r~ct : Ec:icl1 dwellirv l1E..!rtcinaftt;r er(::cteu or al terl::d shall be locatc;d on a lot not lt:...:ss ., tr·, an Ont.: Eundrcd ( 100') Feet in t,idth · throu2:hout th1c: len9.:tl :. , nor less them 10,000 Squar..._: feet in area. Provided, howev0r , th,·-1.t these ninimura l(?t dimen~ions sh:-1.ll not prevent thl.! us~ of sinzle lots of a subdivision, r~cordeC on or before . the effective :date of tiiis Ordinance, which ::i.rE:: smaller in size than rcquirt:::d above and i,1iose owners pqsse::ssed no contiguous land from whicL the above requirer;1~nts co11ld ;Je s ct on the effect i vc datL of this Ordinance. Section 6i03 - Yard R~quir~mcnts: 1. Front Yarc1s - Every lot op parcel of land on whici1 a ct,.,,ellin.P:, or rnain l>uilding, is ]-i(.;rcuft~r erected, altered, or moved, shall havE. a front yard not less them twenty-five ( 2 5 1 ) feet in depth, or the front yards of said buildinss shall not be less than the averai-~e depth of the front yards of existing buildings. In the case of a cornl!r lot, no aC'.cessory building s11all proj 8Ct beyond thE:: front yard of either strE.cct. 2. Side Yards - Every building including accessory buildings hereafter erected o r altered shall have a sid e yard on each side thc1"eof Hhich shall be not l e ss than Ten ( 10' ) Feet in width. 3. Rear Ya.rc.s - Every lot on ,,hich i.!. dH1:.:lling or main buildin?;. is hereafter crecte:.d or altered, slial l hav-..: a rear yard of not less than Twenty-five ( 2 5') Feet in depth. �Section 6.04 - Livestock: No livestock oth,.,;:r than common househola pets shall be housed or maintained on any premises in this district. Section 6.05 - Off-Street Pa~king: Off-street park~nfl fu.cil~tics shall ~o provided for as specified in Section 3~09 of this Ordinanc~. Section 6.05 - Guildin~ Area: No dHelling shall be heoreinaftcr erected or altered in District F.J:.-1 H1iich shall Lav,3 loss thcJ.n Six i-iundred ( GOO) Sauare Feet of flo6r ·· ~rea on the first fleer level. Section 6.07 - Signs: One (1) sign only, not rr.orc tLan l squart.: ft. be p2rmitted. /\RTICLI: VI I AG-1: f1gricul tural :Resic1enti2.l in size shall Section 7.01 - Uses permittcJ: Ho buildint; or part thereof s1:all. be erect<:;d, al ter(.;d, or us.:.!d or land used in whole or in part for other th<J.n one or more of the following uses: 1. Farms, includiTu~ both gcn~ral and specialized fdrminf, country estates, and ' similar agricultural enterprizes, but not including premises operated for th~ disposal of sewarc, rubbish, garbage or off al, or for rendering I"i lants. 2. Dwellings, farm buildings ~nd structures, including readside stands. 3. O,,e-family detached do":llings, otht:r tl12.n farm 0.wcllinps, if approved specifically by the Board of Appeals in accordanc~ witJ1 the procedure in Section-13 of this Ordinancl. 4. Home occupations. 5. Churches, sc]1ools, p<J.rks, c "- mc,terics, picnic groves, play grounds, ~olf courses, and sinil2r facilities for outdoor rccreaTion and exercise, community and organizc1tiorial buildings, nurseries, greenhouses, airports, landinr.; fields, :hos pi tdls, riding stal.Jle.s, livestock auction yards, mines, quarri e s and gravel pits; Pro~ided, hmJeV{:cr, that tl1e locdt ion, erect ion, and use shall first have b:::cn approved by t]10 Zoning Board·, after public notice given in a n~wspaper of gen~ral, circulation in the Tmmship, of a statement of the proposed use and location and the tirne of a hearing thereon. If, on such hearine, it shall appear that th~ proposed location, Grection, or 0se·be detrimental to the public healt]1, safety or general welfare, or to the character of the neighborhood Hherein it is proposed to locate sucl1 use,then such use shall be denied. 6. Accessory ust:s, lmilcin.~_,:s a11d structurE::s customarily incidental to any of the abov~ permitted us~s. 7. Carnivals, outdoor circuses ,1r1d similar migratory anusemt:nt e_nterprises, subject to approval of tht-: Board of Appeals. Section 7 . 02 - Size of Land Aruas: Every land area in District AG-1 upon which a dwelling is to be erected , altered, or moved, shall have a i:iinimum area of not · less tl:an Three (3) Acres, with not less than Twelve (12) Rods in width, providing it fronts on a public highway or street. s~ction 7.03 - Yard Requirements: 1. Front Yards - Every parcel of land upon which a dl!elling is to be erected, altered o:r moved, shall bave a minimum area of not less il1an Fifty (50') Fe0t, measured fror the nearest high~ay or street right-of-way boundary. 2~ Side Yards - Dwellings hereinafter erected, altered, or r!1oved shall have two · ( 2) side y~rds, each of \Jhich shall not be less than Twenty (20) Feet. S~ction 7.04 - Building Area: Dwellin~ shall cohform to 2rca as in Section 5.06 of this Ordir,ance. �•' s~ction 7.0S - Si~ns: One (1) sign-only, not more than Thirty (30) Square Feet in size and advertizing fa.rm or farm produced products shall be p0rrnitted. Provided, ho\1ever, no billboards shall be permitted. S..::ction 7.06 - Transient housing: Transient housing shall 1e set back from highway One Hundr~d (100') Feet. Section 7~07 - Prohibited Uses: All the followin[ uses are prohibited in tl1is district , unless specifically approved by th~ Zoning Board. 1. Incinerators in plants d~sign~d and constructed to accomplish reduction. 2. Commercial slaughterhouses. 3. Piggeries or ho9; farms operated for the disposal of garbaie offal and the by-products of slauehterhouses. . 4. Yards for storag~ and salvage of junk, waste materials, nachinery, used buildine materials, or auto~obiles and trucks. 5. Drive-in Outdoor Theaters. 6. Public or privately own e d dumps and/or garbage reduction plants , except such privately mmed dumps -is are not visible from the highway, and used by owners o~ occupants for personal disposal only . ARTICLE VIII C-1: Residential-Conmercic1.l .Gistrict Section 8:01: Uses Permitted: No buildinp; or part thereof shall be erected , altered, or used or land used, in tvhole or in part, for other than one or more of the following uses: 1. All uses permitted in all residential districts. 2. Retail Stores. 3. - P-estaurants and similar food serving establishments . 4- • .Personal service-; estal.,lishments such as barber shops and beauty parlors . 5. Gasoline s~rvice stations . 6. Storage garages. 7. Salesrooms and repair shops for automobile v ehicles, home and farm equipment . _ 8. Indoor theaters, bowling alleys , taverns, night-clubs and similar facilities of recreation. 9. Pick-up shops for laundry and dry cleaning . 10. Newspaper and magazine distributing stations . 11 . Signs or other advertising display of a size not exceeding twenty ( 20 ) square feet for each lot uhen pertaining to the sale, rental, or use of the premises on which the sign is located. 12. Lar.e;e sii:;ns for gener-al advertising shall not be permitted except upon the approval of the Board of Appedls . 13. Tourist courts, and trailer parks, on approval of Board of Appeals. 14 . Tourist homes , rooming houses, motels , and hotels . 15 . Accessory uses, buildinrs and structures customarily incidental to any of the above permitted uses. Provided, hov1ever , that the location, erection and us~ shall no~ be detrimental to the public health, safcty or general welfare, or to the character of the neighborhood wherein it is proposed to locate such use. Section 8.02 - Limitations on Uses: No buildin3 or land shall be used whereon the operation of any machinery or the conduct of any process activity, or the storage or display of merchandise be such as to cr~ate a nuisance or be offensive by reason of the emission of smoke, odor, fumes , dust, wastt:, or vibration. Section 8 . 03 - Residenc e Requirements for Dw~llings: A building us.:;d exclusively for c1. dwelling shall comply with the requirements ~s to heir,ht , lot, area, yards, and floor space as in the residential district abb utin r.; on the C-1 District at the nearest distance from said lot. �Sec·:ion B. 04 - Yar(; :{,~qu:i.r~:ne;1,ts f,:-ir Commer·cinl Suildinr,s: l. Front Ya·~•ds o.i.' cornr,ierc:~.:11 ~l~ilu.ings - r:v2ry lot or parcel of land sLc!ll ha·✓ c a front ya:ed of not leGs tLct!, Twcmty-fi'le (2~i;) feet in depth, to J)C: c6~1c:;j_Je:..··.:: c a:::i the cistancl; fro.:1 the 11ight,12.y ri~ht-of-t!a:, li!le to th•~ nt:!ar~~.::;i.: noi:~t of tht.' front exte!:'ior ,,.,·,ll. 2. ·SiC:.,-~ '.;.·.:1~-d~ .C?f Co1r,:n~1~_c ic.1l Bu.:i.ldi:1gs - Sidt:: yards shttll not !:.<:: requircll 2::;,,01·•.g ii1t-...:r:·.01:1 · lo· lii1cs except on tll2t side of a lot abutting U?On 2 lot us--~c fop c:- :.:!lli1tg purposes 1 ir: which case ~- - .. yc:1rd shail hC:: no 2.c,;s -::rw.n 'l'"":·: ( 10 1 ) :,-·c;et. 3. F.•.:.!cH' YarcL~ of Cc,,,r.ic,."'ci~il 31.1:ldin~s - rJo re<'!r yards shall ti,:, rc:quired exc c.p·t ub::;rc:; -;·J1<:: co:,iri'erc ::.cl zoni:o a bl.!t s on tht re sid(.;litial zon"', ii, -1~.:i.r·li · c,lSe t~ii'..!:.·::! shal2. ~~-2 a rt::u.r ~,ard of not less than Twunty-iiv~ ( 25:) leet . Section 8.05 - He~ght of Commurcial ~uildings: l~o buildint~ sr1all iH:.:l'.;e.:if~.:ei' 'l:1c til'ccted or c.11 tcred to a 1,cight excecdin~ Thirty-five ~35') fs~t. Section .Ln ere:cted Hundred G, 0C - Size of Comrnerc:~al Juj ldi11gs: C- 1 Dist,. icts no con11;H;rcia:;_ buildirit;S shall hereafter be or .-:!.l 1..:er12d huv:'.ng a. f~_rst fJ.cor a,:iea of less them Eight (800) Square le~t . 0 SGctior, 8.0'/ - Off-Stre...:t Pa.rL5.r,g Facilities: Off-street parking facili tie;:, shull :Ue provid\!d as speci£i1... in Section 3.0~l of this ()rJinanc.c.: . ,\T(;.'ICLL :i::~ 11-1: Lir.l1t Tnciu8t1.' i.0l 1.1::strict Per;;1i~ tee: s-crucl:ur':_; shall l.-2 ,,:c"'uctL·d or al t<.:!rE:d for u~, in tLi:3 distr:i ct in whol •. 0.,,.., ; n ..,,..,c".:: -~~ - '· t-1, ~· fol lc·.:ii.g :3l'''~' -i fi,~ci uses: l-:rnd o·~.., bu:.:ldi·I[!J; pE:rr1itted :.n Section 8 . 01 Section ~J. 01 - Us.:..s l.;o l_,uilding or on land Ol' pru:11.ses. tlian o.ne or i:,ore of 1. !\ny use o::: _. .. "'.~ . . . r,--..-1 i . . , :-,n0e,, 2. \JarE:h0u~::c_,, sto:'2..g~' builc1:i.nfT,G :1..nd ::'ards , 1,,!'f\bE.;r and co.:il ya.rd, buJ.k ?lc!:1t:s, ·•· . rr.:iEiJ.l fc1ci].i::ies fop tru::::k. a:1d ra.ilro,1.<1 7 ;.Lrnndry 2T1d ur'y cl(·,mi:1;, pla,·1ts, and d;1i::ci-.:s . 3. Sm.:111 :i.nciusti'ia.l shops u:::;ud and opt;;rated for f a.bricc1t i1ig: assemblin[{, t~(.!"2lopii!p; <:1nd proc,2ss:i.ng uf su~L a character as not to be or lA::com0 obnoxious c~.' of f,"nsive, b~, reason of tr1e er.tission of odor·s) f::i..amc s, dust, s:n·Jk.e , nois,~ or vibration, or by reo.son of tlle accu:-r.:..ila.tion of ur·.sir,lttly •··as--.:e : 12.-tcrials on the prer:risc:s . Sic:ction 9. 02 •- Uses Prohil;i ted: . 1Jo .. building or st·01_1ctu: c· sl,,:i.lJ. t,: 1:.;:~"'ecte::d 01' altered for use on land in tltis distr:i.c·t, ( J ) · or marn f c1.cturing pr-oducts sirrtilar _, ;my of ·the fo2..l0'., inp: : 2.ci<ls 2nd explosive products; cement , l im2 and p;ypsu;n pr·oduci..s; sc.:1p :i glu': or' fe.rtilizcr products ; or ( 2 ) for processinr: 1 burning, rcclucing, CY[' :..'enci.o2rin~ fut , garuap;e, off.1.l, de:.:all anir.l;,_:;_s o-.. . inrJ 1 Jst1...,i;,1 was::{:;~ CP, (3) for any use ·which 1 ,rnrl,,~-·or causes c: :.oxictt::- o:;:-· ;mhcalt 1 !fu)_ odors, :fwnss, dust, sr:ioke, ,·Juste , or 1r1hic1l are o:..' nuy be: dangc~"'ous , ncisesoiae, ol" hazardous to the surrounding property. 0 1 0 Scct~on 9.·03 - Yard Reyt!ii."'e::1"::nt:[; : No building or scructure sh 7 .ll b..:. (,r1..;ctE:d or .J.l tcred so that it shall Le locate,i n~~~er than FifTy (50 1 ) ?eet from the nenres~ r·ight-of-way line th(': hi7,h1-7A.Y, the side J.ot linl,S , or the rer1r lot lines . Sc.::ction 9 . 04 - uuild.i..np; Size; R(!qui·_"'c.:ments: Ho bu5.ldin£ o;c· -~t:..··ucture s:i,-i.12. be erec ·::ed or altered hc1.ving ,-m c'l.rea of less th::rt .L:i;,;;Lt r;c:-1dr:::d ( [1 0:J) Sciua.r~ Feet . Section 9 . OS - Of£--Str'eE::t Park_;_n[; 1~c,quire1rents: Off-street p-:1.:,!d.1:;~ f--:cili ti.0s ~~11c1:;_1 be'. proviJed as specifi~.J ir:~ction 3. 09 or this Ordi1w,1cc . �A~TICLE X AL'.ministration Scctiort, 10. 01 - Zonin 6 Administrators: The provisions of this Ordindnce shall l;e administered Ly the Z~ning Inspector, who shall be appointed by th~ Township Board of Arcadia . township, for such t~rm and subj~ct to sucl1 conditions at such ratE:: of compLnsation as said Board sl1all deterroine, and thu duty. of th2 ~nforcement thcr~of shall r~st witl1 such ddministrative official or of fici2ls ,=;,s shal 1 be 2.uthorized thc::rcin by la\·J . Tht..: adwinistrativ0 officials shall for the purpost: of this Ordinance hav~ the power of policing zoning. S2ction 10.02 - Building Permits and Certification of Occupancy: ( c:i.) Except as otl.crt-d. se ))rovid8d in this OrdinancE::, it shall be unlawful to build or US8 or permit th~ building or the use of any structure or part thLreof hercJ.fter cr~a.t~d, er(:;:cted, altered , or moved upon a premis~ from ~noth~r pr~mise ir1 whole or in part , or to change or enlarge tl1e use of any.building, or part thereof , until a Zoning Permit, in accordance 1.-:ith the provisions of this Ordinance shall have b8en issucl.! by the Zoning Inspector . (b) Before any permit shall b~ iss~eri under this Ordinanc8, an inspection fee shall be paid in an amount determined by a schedule as estublished by the Arcadia Townsi:ip Board . AR'IICL2 XI I3oar·d cf r\ppC:cJ.ls S12ction 11.01' - Board Est:tblished: There is here.Ly astc1blish\::!d a l3oard of AppL:.:ils, which si,all p2rform its duties and exercise its pom::rs us provided by t,CT: 184 of Public Acts of 1943, as amendl!d, in such way that the objc;ctivec:· of this Ordinance shall be enforced, the public health and safety secured ~nd suLstantial justice done. Section il . 02 - Personnel of Board: The Bourd of AppE:.::ils shall consist of the following Three ( 3) rnembers: First member shall be the chairman of the Township Zoning Board. Second member shall be a member of the Township Board appointec"i by the Township Board. Third memb~r shall be selected and appointed by the first · two (2) members from among the electors residing in the unincorporated area of the Township . The third mem~er cannot l.Je an el~ctcd officer of the Tmmship nor an 8r:1ployee of that Township Board . Section 11 . ·03 - Jurisdictiori and Appeals: ( a) The Board of Appeals shr.1.ll hear and decide appeals fror and review any order, requirement, decision or deter~inatiori mad0 by any adr:iinistrative official charf:ed ,.,,i th enforcement of any of t}ie provisions of this Ordinunce. They shall also hear and decicic all matters referred to them or upon which t11ey are required to pas~ ~nder this Ordinance. The concurring vote of a najority of the members of · the Board of Appeals s1'.all l.Je ncccs sary to reverse any order, requirement, decisio1~ or det:e1~mir.dt ion of any such administ~ative official, or to decide in favor of the applicant any matter upon which they are requiroJ to pass under this.Ordinance. Such appeal may be taken 1~y a.ny person aggrieved or by any of ficcr, department, board or bureau of the Township, County or State . (b) Such appeal shall be taken within such ti~e as shall be prescriLcd by thb Bo~rd of Appeals by general rule, by the filing r._1i th the officer· from whom the appeal is taken a notice specifying ths grounc.1s ther12of . The officer from whor.1 tlw appeal is take.n sr1 al, forth1,,1ith transmit to the Board all the pap~rs constituting the record upon Hhich the a.ct ion appealed '.Jas tu.ken. �·. Cc) ThE. Boar'd of An>ealE.: shall fix a. r~~asonab.i.0 time.; f::,r -rL c iic:21.ring of tht... .:::.pp2al •:n,d r;ivs dut..:.'. notice t:-,..:rcof to the! part.:.es, cl.Iid d1.:..cid c t1;E.: sa;:1e i-;i thin a rc2.'..,ono.blt..: t imc. Upon tht.. h..:•.:1.ri "'. 6 any ?arty ~ay appear in person or by ar~ nt er by attorney. The Bo~rJ of Appeals may r0versc or ~ffirm , wholly or partly, or ~ay modify the ord~r' rer:JUireITt<c.!Ilt, ' c~ci::;io'n or dE.. tE:rrnirw.t ion ·as- in its opi:: ion ought to be ;;-;adC:: in tlw prei:iises, and to th-~n: end ;;hall hc1v e tht.: no,-1ers of th e off ic1:..;r fron who1;1 the: ~1.;·rneal \v'cl.S taken. \1lhe re there ~rt.: practi::: a.l clifficul tiE:.s ~ or t.tnnece~s.:1ry l,3.rJsLips in the 'i:Fl'J of ca1'1~y ing out the strict lC;ttc~"' of t h is Ord:i n 2.nce, the I3oarci of i\ppcals sha.11 have , t11e pm-wr in pc1ssir1g upon appl:ctls to var'/ o:::modify any 0 f th:: ord~rs, ;.··2r,ulatio11s or provisions relatin.E to th e construction, structural ch a ngLs in equipment, or alteration of building or structur,~s so that tht...: spirit of the Ordinance sha.i..l be enforced th8 public h e~ lth and safety secur e d and sGbstantial justice den~. J\RTICLE XII /\.r.iendr:ients, Validity, and Pena.ltit:s Section 12.01 - Amendments: The '.i:'0 1,-mship Zoning Bourd nay from i..ir.ie to ti.i:l.e arnenJ, su:,plement or change the regulations and boundari .:.: s of districts 01' provisions of this Ordinance in th e manner prescribed by Act 184 of Public Acts of riichigan for 1943, as amen ded . Section 12.02 - Validity: This Ordir:ancG and the various parts, sections, subsections~ phrases and claus2s thereof c:r~. hereby dcclart:d to be severa;:lE: . If any part, sentence, paragrapl ! , s ect ion, subsection, phrase or clause is adjudged unconstitutional or invalid, it is hereby provided that ti1e remainder of the Ordinanc«: sh~ll not be affected thereby . The Township Board hereby d12clares that it would have passed this Ordinance, and each section, subs~ction, phrase, sent;_;nc ,.::, 2nd clause th c~ rcof irrcspecti vo of the fact that any ont or more ~ections, subsections; phrases, sentenc~s or clauses be declared invalid. Section 12.03 - Penalties : !my building or- structur-es 11hich is 1.::rL:ct2rJ, constructed, r'-'constructed, al tcrcd, c0nvert -2 d mcJ.int.:1ined or used, or any use of land or prcr,isc which is begun, rn c:~ intaineJ, or ~hanged in violation of any provision of this Ord_inance, cJ.re hereby declared to be a nuisar,ce per se. /my p~rson, firm, or corporation, or t111:::: agent in charge of such buildings or land who violates, disoteys, omits, neglects or refuses to comply with or resists the enforcem~n~ of any provision of the Ordinanc~, or cJ.ny an1cndment thereof, sh~ll ~e fined upon conviction not less than One Dolldr ($1.00), nor more than One Hundred Dollars ( $100.00) , together with the costs of prosecution, or shali be ~unish£d by impr-ison~~nt in tht..:.'. County Jail for net less than (1) day or mor~ than ninety (90) days for each offense, or may be fined and imprisoned as provided h~rein. Each and ev~ry d3y during which any illegal ~r~ction , construction, reconstruction, cJ.lteration, maintenance or us~ continue shall be de::::med a separate offi..!nse. The Tm..,,nship 13001_,d, The Township Building Inspector, the Board of 1\ppeal s , th8 /\ttorney of the Township or any oHner or mmt::rs of real ~state iii thin the district in \•1hich such building, structure or lan ~~ is si tua tc:(] mcJ.y institute inj unction, mandan1us, abc1te:ment or any othE:r appropria.te act ion or nctions, pr ~ceding or pruce~dings to prevent, e11join, abate, or remove any sa.id unlawful drection, construction, cJ.lteration, reconstruction, maintenanct or US\..!. T!ie rir,hts and r1:;m~-:!dies provid.__d !'1'-.!rein ari..: cumulative and in addition to all other remedies provid•-::G L>y law. �.l\RTICLE :GII Removal of unsightly and D~rng--,rous 13uildinss s~ction 13.01 It sh:111 be th~ cluty of tl:L: Tm-mship 13oc1rd of Arcc1.e1ia To1,:nship iianistee County) Michigan, to dett.:rmir.c by rc.:solution whe!1E.ver any condition exists upon any pr~rnis~s, lots or parcels of lan~ witl1in the Tmmship limits th2.t is unsightly, . unsa.ni t,,.ry or dang12rous ~u1d constituting a · m12nac2 to thL h(':alth c1nd sc1fct:.: of any citizens, or of any adjoining prop~rty. S2ction 13.02 It shall bt; t~1(: dutv of th\C' Tot:nship Boa~d of /•.rc2.dia Towns!-:i;-, , .:.:-rnistce County, t·;ichiga;-: , to t'i.ct0rminc by r(;solution whenev'-.r any condition Exists upon prc~iscs, lots or parcels of lanJ in the Township where a firE:: may h:1vl! occurc:;(.; that has resulted in a corr:plete or partial d1.;struction of .:;r,y. lJuildin~~s upon said ?rCITiises, lots or parcels of land that an un siz;l,tly , unsanitary or Janre1... ou~; condition results or r~m~ins. Section 13.03 Such rC::solution s!1all statE.:: the lot or lots or parcc:ls upon which such condition 0xist s, the naraC: of thi2 ownc:l' or ownt~rs, if known, and _shall direct said owner or ownc:.rs to correct and rdncdy such condition, to -~emove any buildings, wrcckRge or conditic)n thilt tends to create any unsightly, unsanitary or dangerous condition. A copy of such resolution shall be served upon the owner or O\,,nt;rS of said lot or lots Ly any constablt: of tht:: Townsl:ip of Arc,3.dia , or said resolution shall be..: published in some news,..1,lp1;:;r, circulated within said Township, in at least one: i ssut: t11tc:reof . Said rt.:solution shall. c1lso state the dat8 uµon •.1hich such L uildings, \vreckag~ or conditions Hhich constitute the unsightly, unsani t.:---:.ry or dang E:rous condition, s!u.11 be removed, w}1ich sc1id day shull not be 10s s than ten (1 0 ) days or mor.::; than sixty (GO) days after service, or publication of said resolution as sh311 be in th~ discretion of th~ Township· Board of Arcadia Township , ,·~anistee County, Michir;an. 1 S0ction 13.04 If, c:ifter service of said r·csolution or the publication thL:re:of, and aftur the times stated in said resolution for thu removal of the unsigLtly, unsanitary or danrero'Js conditions has elapsed, the Ot•mer or owners of said lots shall fail, refuse or neglect to remove ·or remedy said conditions, it shall become t}1e duty of the Township Doard of Arcadia Township ty resolution, to order any officEr or 2mploy8e of said Township to enter upon said pr0 • is~s and rcmov~ or remedy sucl1 unsightly, unsanitary or dangerous conditions, as may exist. Said Townshi 1) Goard shall also have tbE: authority, in .i. ts Giscretion, to order or employ any private p~rsons to enter upon said prer;i.isc::s and perform such 1;-1or% as is necessary to corrLct and rcm~dy such conditions. Section 13.05 After completion of such ~10rJ . . ne:ccssary to the removal or runedy of said unsightly, unsani tc1ry or dangerous conJi tior1s, tJ,C: cost and expense thc~rc.:of, shc.11 he r,~por·ted by the Township ClerJ.... to the 1m-11;ship Board of Arcadia Tot111ship, and it shall, thereupon, tJy resolution, declare the same to be and become special assessncnt and lien upon such lot or lots in the. rr.anner provided by laH for So.:::cial l:.ssessrnents . Saic! SDLcial Assessment sl1<1ll l.Je reuortcd to the Supervisor u.nd shu.11 be plcced upon the tax rolls of ~aid Township and collected in the manner proviJed by law. /d\.TICLE XIV Disrr,.:;.r:tl~d Car Ordinanct-. Section 14. 01 - .f:egulatioi1S: (a) i-Jo p,~rson, f ir:n, or corpcr2,·t i0n sl.all park, stor.::::, or pl~ce:. upon any public right-of-;;ay or ~ublic property, or upon a zoned -"ir..:a wi tl1in th(:! 'To1-mship, a.ny V<-?hiclc, sucl1 as cars, truc}:s, house crailcr, or tractor trailer; or nnw or usEd parts of junk therefrom, unless the sanic.: is h' holly conta.ill'--'d wi tlii11 a fu l ly tcncloscd building a.:1d does not violate cJ.11..,' zo,1i1:g or• huild.ing law s of the '::'01:nship, County , or Static! of ~!ichi ? .J.n, Lxcept ior the followinr,: �_,,. . ..• (1) Du l y lic t2n s0d and operable vehicl~s or trnil0rs with !3U:>sta,1tinlly all mai~1 cor:-i~hx,cnt p ~:rts u.ttached. ( 2) !·Io,: mor.c. than 01w v...:hiclc or tr-ailcr that is t1:2r.1por2.r ily inopt~ra!Jlu, l,c. cJ.use of minor mL: chanica.l failure, but whicL is not, in any m:inncr cismantleJ and :i1as substantially all .r.ain cornpon0nt ;Hrts att .1cbeci, c.r n9t r,ore th~i, one (1) vehicle in fully cper,.iti~g :. ::ondi t ion sucl: ,J.s a stock car modi.f ii.::J car thc1t· h11s. been r1c:d1::::signed or r ~construct~d f,) r .:1 purp c- s1;;; oth~r tha:1 that for i-1; ,ic:h it was manuf a.cturo2d , providcu no builc!i11 6 or· gar2~c: is lccatl:d u-ron the pr~mist; s in uliich th(:; Su.l:l<-· could L><.:: :f}d.rk..::J or storE:.:d . In n o 8Vent sh~ll such vehicle b~ park~d in thL front or side stre~t yard area of ar,y suer-. residLr.tia1 prLmiscs. (b ) do r,.02irinp.;, 1'0-Jt..;S i2,ning, ;'"lodifyi:1~ or (li s ;r1ant:::.ing work or cperations shall be ,7.llo,;,,?cd upon any v1::chiclc. or tre. iL.! r er p arts tl1'3rE::of upon any public right-of-t,;.-:i.y or public property or d.ny propt;rt:.: pri:i-,arily used or zoned for any type of rt::sidenti -J.l purpose for a period in excess of 2 4 hours except such ,.1s sh ,111 L,._:_ accor;r1)lished 1.-: ithin fully er:.closed buildings; will not co:-:stit:.1-.: L :7. nuisance or a!"lnoyancL to ~djoining proper-cy owners or cccupc.!.L°t:s; and docs not violatt:::: a.ny prc,.1isio.ns of the A::..~c:idia To,-mship 7.onin~ Ordinance. P.c-1 sucl: work i,,i thin such 2 1+ hour De:riod in.:I't.!tC f o r e o.llowed si".al l not , ho'. :~vE:r, consist of any r.i.:.:. jor rcp.:iir , r e -Jc.sir:ning , m0dif y inr, o:r dism.J.nt 1 ing ,-..rori~ , but or1ly such ::>ccasio n2.l inino r uork as may infrequently i><..: re.quired to maintair, a vehicle er trailE;r or parts thereof in normal operatin.½ condition. (c) In thE: event the foregoin,:,; regulations create anv special or peculiar hardship beyond the control of a p<lrticular violatcr thereof b0causc of unforseen circur.:sta.nc1..:s , tht.! Zoning Inspcc-cor of tlte Townsl:ip is h0rd·y givt2n the autl~ori ty to grunt permission to an applicant to operate contrary to tl1e pro v isions hereof for cJ. limi t ed period provided no adjoining property owner o r occupant is unreasonatilc adversely affect~d the::rLy and the spirit and purpose of tl1t2 Ordina.nce:: are steill subst.:rntially observL·cl . or s~ction 14.02 ~uisanct.: Any par~ing , storage , pl~c~ment, or op~ration in violation of thL: nrovisions of this Ordinailce art.: herebv dt2clared to b:.. a 1rnblic nuisance \-Jhich m2y bl: enjoined or w:1ich rr.ay su'.. ject thE viol -1 tor to civil d~ra~ges and th~ fin e s and penalti~s herein provided fer . Se ction 14 . C3 Cons-cruction This sr,all not prevent t11E..: operatio11 of any liccnS1c!d junk ya.rd~ salvare yard , garag~, body , or paint shop legally operatinE within a proper zon~ as d efined . Section 14 . Oti - Penalty Any rerson, firm, or corpor~tion who violat2s any of the provisions of this Ordin,1nce shall he de: ~med guilty of a r:isdcr:K c1nor and shall be punished by a finl..! of not more than $1000 . 0D or by imorisonmcnt in the County Jail for not to exceGd SO days , or botl1 such fine and imµrisonm-..:nt. Each ddy that a vioL:i.tion consti tut...:s to exist sh~ll constitute a separatL off~nse . I n addition to the inposition of the for0going fines and penalties , tr.e 'l'ovnship Zoning Ii1spector, any Township pol ic -2 officer , or ::;uch oth s:: r officer as th F Townsl: ip Board mc1y designate , r:ic.y cduse. 2.: :y vehi c l<.,, trailer , or !)a rts thc r(;Of, which viol a t~s the provisions of this Ordin : :mt:.:. t,.) btc rE::mov~d fro1i1 the prt.m isc.:! s, impour ,deJ. 21: d destrcyc;d or sold for jun},, ir. th e discretion o f s.:iid officer, and the: cost t l 1(-reo1" a s '.i<.: S 3ed 2gain s t tll e own .=.!:r o f such vE:hiclc, trei..:.lcr, or parts th.:...r,.~of, or ,::i f th t: pr'--mises o r. '.-JLich the! sa.r:ie a rt.: located . /\-;-i.y su1:1s re,=t:!..i z ~d on th e sa.lc of t lt1:.o sam<.:: r.l<.1y :A:: r ,.:: tainec.l Dy the:: 1'01,ms:1iJ.' to r l: iT'.1!.., ur·s.::.: it for th e co s ts incurred ir. ::: uc11 rcrnov2.l c:1.n d s a l e , tu -che Ec! xtent of such co sts . A1 : v :,alc:1ncc o f suc:1 sum s r c mc1inin1.1 .:.ift0r s 11c l: r'-~im b urs(!ment shal 1 b~ r0turne:..: to t Lt2 0wn" r of such ,:., v~hicl e , tr c:t il t.2 r, or- parts t.h e r0 o f . � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Arcadia-Twp_Zoning-Ordinance_1974 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974-02 Title A name given to the resource Arcadia Township Permanent Zoning Ordinance Description An account of the resource Zoning Ordinance adopted for Arcadia Township, Manistee County, Michigan in February 1974. Subject The topic of the resource Zoning--Michigan Arcadia Township (Mich.) Manistee County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4b40523830e79505aabb28b71aa63ee1.jpg cad4fc209beebe96c613f724a6f1df6d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_EastmanAlbum_1_1909_054 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909-07-11 Title A name given to the resource Arch Rock Mackinac Island Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of Arch Rock on Mackinac Island, Michigan, Two men and one woman are seated atop the rock. Subject The topic of the resource Mackinac Island (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ecc01401c3bd1a3c8a93ebc243391082.jpg 0b3d70e3deb081f9d2cf895d343020ce Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1970s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000950 Title A name given to the resource Archeology students at a dig at the Grand River Woodland site Description An account of the resource Archeology students at a dig at the Grand River Woodland site. Subject The topic of the resource Students Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/39e0296a0d623975516d382a4315b6b7.jpg 8ce94e4202493114dc264ee56365f710 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_M1429 Title A name given to the resource Archer class escort carrier Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource Archer class, British-CVE (escort carrier), November 1, 1943. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy World War, 1939-1945 Great Britain Military education Slides Warships--Recognition Slides Great Britain Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943-11-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2cd13039af686405618920fdbaa9aff3.jpg 0c24bc2e7cab1587169498716147dd92 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_M1430 Title A name given to the resource Archer class escort carrier Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource US Archer class, British-CVE (escort carrier), November 1, 1943. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy World War, 1939-1945 Military education Warships--Recognition Slides Great Britain Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943-11-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c2b44aea24594a5d17fb10eba6543d2e.jpg 56ffcef071830e5a3f8acf7aa90052ad Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1960s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000196 Title A name given to the resource Architect's drawing of a typical lecture room Description An account of the resource Architect's drawing of a typical lecture room with audio-visual equipment in the Learning Center. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Facilities Architectural rendering Technology Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e56933971729b9c629722a5b21e3eb08.jpg 692640068050276ec8163b6efec1116e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley Ravines Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Krohmer, Stanley Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Institutional Marketing Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Ottawa County (Mich.) Grand River (Mich.) Ravines -- Michigan Land use Nature trails Outdoor recreation Architectural rendering Facilities Maps Photographs Publications Description An account of the resource Collection of digitized photographs, graphic materials, and documents related to the physical environment and history of the ravines on GVSU’s Allendale Campus. The items curated for this collection were digitized from the Grand Valley Ravines Natural Area collection and the Stanley Krohmer Photographs collection, in addition to other materials from University Archives that illustrate the significance of this natural feature to the GVSU campus community. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UComm_Buildings_Great-Lakes-Plaza_Architect-02 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Meathe, Kessler & Associates Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962 Title A name given to the resource Architect's Drawing of Academic Building Description An account of the resource Architect's drawing featuring the exterior of an academic buildings of Grand Valley State College, as located among the ravines in Great Lakes Plaza circa 1962. In the drawing, the academic building (possibly Lake Huron Hall) is featured in the center and on top of a plateau overlooking the wooded ravines, with people seen outside enjoying the outdoor pathways. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Architectural rendering Facilities Ravines -- Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University photographs, GV012-01 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/99b657272754733dc074dd954357d508.jpg f5273d6c707e2a01174d00d62d625f6e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley Ravines Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Krohmer, Stanley Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Institutional Marketing Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Ottawa County (Mich.) Grand River (Mich.) Ravines -- Michigan Land use Nature trails Outdoor recreation Architectural rendering Facilities Maps Photographs Publications Description An account of the resource Collection of digitized photographs, graphic materials, and documents related to the physical environment and history of the ravines on GVSU’s Allendale Campus. The items curated for this collection were digitized from the Grand Valley Ravines Natural Area collection and the Stanley Krohmer Photographs collection, in addition to other materials from University Archives that illustrate the significance of this natural feature to the GVSU campus community. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GVSC_Guide-to-Future-Physical-Development_019 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1961 Title A name given to the resource Architect's Drawing of Ravine Campus Cross Section View Description An account of the resource Architect's drawing of Ravine Campus featuring a cross section view of the academic buildings and surrounding ravine landscape, as seen in the publication, "Grand Valley State College: A Guide to Future Physical Development," circa 1961. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson, Johnson & Roy, Inc. (landscape architects & site planners) Meathe-Kessler, Associates, Inc. (architects) Wehrer & Borkin (educational consultants) Williams & Works (utility consultants) Hotaling, Robert B. (area township planner, MSU) Jones, John Paul (head of city planning department, Grand Rapids) Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Ottawa County (Mich.) Ravines -- Michigan Campus planning Land use Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Grand Valley State College: A Guide to Future Physical Development Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/04beca815e94ab5731ca91f7e27c5756.jpg b627d246df40c0c9e0400e7f24d099af Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley Ravines Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Krohmer, Stanley Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Institutional Marketing Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Ottawa County (Mich.) Grand River (Mich.) Ravines -- Michigan Land use Nature trails Outdoor recreation Architectural rendering Facilities Maps Photographs Publications Description An account of the resource Collection of digitized photographs, graphic materials, and documents related to the physical environment and history of the ravines on GVSU’s Allendale Campus. The items curated for this collection were digitized from the Grand Valley Ravines Natural Area collection and the Stanley Krohmer Photographs collection, in addition to other materials from University Archives that illustrate the significance of this natural feature to the GVSU campus community. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GVSC_Guide-to-Future-Physical-Development_009 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1961 Title A name given to the resource Architect's Drawing of Ravine View Description An account of the resource Architect's drawing featuring a ravine view of Grand Valley State College's campus as seen in the publication, "Grand Valley State College: A Guide to Future Physical Development," circa 1961, and created by Carl Johnson for the publication. In the architectural sketch, a scenic woodland ravine view can be seen with campus visitors exploring the natural area and a campus building is located along the plateau in the background overlooking the ravine. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Johnson, Johnson & Roy, Inc. (landscape architects & site planners) Meathe-Kessler, Associates, Inc. (architects) Wehrer & Borkin (educational consultants) Williams & Works (utility consultants) Hotaling, Robert B. (area township planner, MSU) Jones, John Paul (head of city planning department, Grand Rapids) Johnson, Carl Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Ottawa County (Mich.) Ravines -- Michigan Campus planning Land use Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Grand Valley State College: A Guide to Future Physical Development Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2df45744e8b31bafb21755adda8decb3.jpg f070ffe70a4bd515149a8a663e4a980d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley Ravines Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Krohmer, Stanley Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Institutional Marketing Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Ottawa County (Mich.) Grand River (Mich.) Ravines -- Michigan Land use Nature trails Outdoor recreation Architectural rendering Facilities Maps Photographs Publications Description An account of the resource Collection of digitized photographs, graphic materials, and documents related to the physical environment and history of the ravines on GVSU’s Allendale Campus. The items curated for this collection were digitized from the Grand Valley Ravines Natural Area collection and the Stanley Krohmer Photographs collection, in addition to other materials from University Archives that illustrate the significance of this natural feature to the GVSU campus community. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UComm_Buildings_Great-Lakes-Plaza_Architect-01 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Meathe, Kessler & Associates Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962 Title A name given to the resource Architect's Drawing of the Academic Buildings Description An account of the resource Architect's drawing featuring the exteriors of the academic buildings of Grand Valley State College, as located among the ravines in Great Lakes Plaza circa 1962. In the drawing, the Collegiate Center is featured in the center and framed among the wooded ravines, with people seen inside the windows of the building and outside enjoying the outdoor patio seating. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Architectural rendering Facilities Ravines -- Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University photographs, GV012-01 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8d4b970631367597f43066e59606a6aa.jpg 20d633f090cc3ddd6fbcd5082abbae6a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley Ravines Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Krohmer, Stanley Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Institutional Marketing Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Ottawa County (Mich.) Grand River (Mich.) Ravines -- Michigan Land use Nature trails Outdoor recreation Architectural rendering Facilities Maps Photographs Publications Description An account of the resource Collection of digitized photographs, graphic materials, and documents related to the physical environment and history of the ravines on GVSU’s Allendale Campus. The items curated for this collection were digitized from the Grand Valley Ravines Natural Area collection and the Stanley Krohmer Photographs collection, in addition to other materials from University Archives that illustrate the significance of this natural feature to the GVSU campus community. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection Meathe, Kessler & Associates Seidman House Lake Superior Hall Lake Huron Hall 1960s Lake Michigan Hall Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000062 Title A name given to the resource Architect's plan of the Great Lakes Group Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Meathe, Kessler & Associates Description An account of the resource Architect's plan of the Great Lakes Group with the Collegiate Center (later Seidman House), and Learning Centers (LC1) Lake Superior Hall, (LC2) Lake Michigan Hall, and (LC3) Lake Huron Hall by architects Meathe, Kessler & Associates, 1962. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Facilities Architectural rendering Ravines -- Michigan Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University photographs, GV012-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/451d286ae0cfbaba097644066ddc9282.jpg 09aa49199bba1cdcea8188fa3a2c8ba9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley Ravines Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Krohmer, Stanley Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Institutional Marketing Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Ottawa County (Mich.) Grand River (Mich.) Ravines -- Michigan Land use Nature trails Outdoor recreation Architectural rendering Facilities Maps Photographs Publications Description An account of the resource Collection of digitized photographs, graphic materials, and documents related to the physical environment and history of the ravines on GVSU’s Allendale Campus. The items curated for this collection were digitized from the Grand Valley Ravines Natural Area collection and the Stanley Krohmer Photographs collection, in addition to other materials from University Archives that illustrate the significance of this natural feature to the GVSU campus community. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UComm_Buildings_Collegiate-Center_Architect-05 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Meathe, Kessler & Associates Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962 Title A name given to the resource Architect's Plan of the Great Lakes Group Description An account of the resource Architect's plan of the Great Lakes Group with the Collegiate Center (later Seidman House), and Learning Centers (LC1) Lake Superior Hall, (LC2) Lake Michigan Hall, and (LC3) Lake Huron Hall by architects Meathe, Kessler & Associates, 1962. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Architectural rendering Facilities Ravines -- Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University photographs, GV012-01 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/da32469d685f0cb4a1496b857c991f4d.jpg b8a7324f6b6fbe0498f15f3c99fbf4d3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley Ravines Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Krohmer, Stanley Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Institutional Marketing Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Ottawa County (Mich.) Grand River (Mich.) Ravines -- Michigan Land use Nature trails Outdoor recreation Architectural rendering Facilities Maps Photographs Publications Description An account of the resource Collection of digitized photographs, graphic materials, and documents related to the physical environment and history of the ravines on GVSU’s Allendale Campus. The items curated for this collection were digitized from the Grand Valley Ravines Natural Area collection and the Stanley Krohmer Photographs collection, in addition to other materials from University Archives that illustrate the significance of this natural feature to the GVSU campus community. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1960s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000511 Title A name given to the resource Architect's preliminary campus plan Description An account of the resource Architect's preliminary campus plan #1. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/dcb14a8baff27068b4eee322efb082da.jpg 4c536419ccdb72b3cebb644114978c4b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection Meathe, Kessler & Associates Johnson, Johnson & Roy 1960s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000028 Title A name given to the resource Architects planning layout of Allendale campus Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Colorama Description An account of the resource Architects from the firm of Meathe, Kessler & Associates planning layout of Grand Valley's campus, ca. 1960. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Architects Architectural rendering Architectural models Facilities Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2d1e5e14f5992cef127cf8141d8de1a9.jpg daf9edfa049164ec10619eb925c3193a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection Meathe, Kessler & Associates Johnson, Johnson & Roy 1960s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000029 Title A name given to the resource Architects planning layout of Allendale campus Description An account of the resource Architects from the firm of Meathe, Kesler & Associates planning layout of Grand Valley's campus, ca. 1960. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Architects Architectural rendering Architectural models Facilities Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5934cec5f22a7b976b495debca1acbff.jpg f257e5ce4891c80a5a4dfb44125c84b5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection Meathe, Kessler & Associates Johnson, Johnson & Roy 1960s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000512 Title A name given to the resource Architects planning layout of Allendale campus Description An account of the resource Architects from the firm of Meathe, Kessler & Associates planning layout of Grand Valley's campus, ca. 1960. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1208260c74f9b34e7a6785e64b648a2e.jpg 7463f0633e07b33e4cb7452136235583 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection Meathe, Kessler & Associates Johnson, Johnson & Roy 1960s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000114 Title A name given to the resource Architects reviewing plans for layout of Allendale campus Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Colorama Description An account of the resource Architects from the firm of Meathe, Kessler & Associates review plans for Grand Valley State College, Allendale campus, ca. 1960. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Architects Architectural rendering Facilities Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a22c7ec9e4d8ed3c1f53e3c7bf1ee202.jpg ad76d80ebd2d70c3480f20a0f7cc91e6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection Meathe, Kessler & Associates Johnson, Johnson & Roy 1960s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000116 Title A name given to the resource Architects study plans for the Allendale campus Description An account of the resource Architects from the firm of Meathe, Kessler & Associates study plans for Grand Valley State College's Allendale campus, ca. 1960. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Architects Architectural rendering Facilities Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b1d92472d9737d3d1ffa6f92bae5dbc0.jpg 7f485303cfb50fe588f4be23c2869503 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_FilmPacks_7_009 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1937-04-05 Title A name given to the resource Arco Felice Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of the Arco Felice near Pozzuoli. A man in a horse-drawn cart is visible in the foreground with the Arco Filice arch in the background. Subject The topic of the resource Italy Pozzuoli (Italy) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c755c8b8e3a01866343377826a3b2546.mp3 cccd7ffc3167241cc5b328dc0fe79192 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/cbdb3c4afb237eddbe97ba31bf064303.pdf efc575f242dcec728295f6bed51e1733 PDF Text Text Are We Having Any Fun Yet? Advent II Text: Amos 8:5; James 4:13-14 Richard A. Rhem Christ Community Church Spring Lake, Michigan December 10, 2000 Transcription of the spoken sermon Well, are we having any fun yet? The season is well underway, the holidays are bearing down upon us, the calendar is crowded, the activity has become more intense, the deadlines face us, and I thought it might be well this morning to raise that question - Are we having any fun yet? That question, of course, arises in our contemporary culture at moments when we are in a flurry of activity, when we have gone through great exertion, when we have moved mountains, so to speak, on behalf of our pleasure and happiness, and in a moment of awareness, look at each other and have to laugh at ourselves and say, "Are we having any fun yet?" I speak this morning about what I sense is true, not only of myself, but of most of us and contemporary society, and that is that our lives are marked by an increasing frenzy and drivenness, and the irony is that the Advent season is a season that calls us to wait quietly in contemplation and reflection on the question, for example, in James, “What is your life before the face of God?” I touched on this Labor Day weekend in a sermon about keeping Sabbath, noting how Sabbath observance had become the weekend, and how so many of us expend great energy accumulating our toys, gathering our brood, heading somewhere to a point of pleasure, only to come home at the end of the weekend tired, wearyr and exhausted, a time when I think the question may arise, "Are we having any fun yet?" It is a question that has popped up in our contemporary society because of that very drivenness of which I speak, the fact that our lives are busier, the lights are brighter, the sounds are louder, and the whole pace of things continues to speed up, and in this Advent season, as I said, which ironically is a time in which we are invited to slow down and to wait, to reflect, and to prepare for the coming of the Lord, that very aspect of contemporary life is exacerbated with so many wonderful things which we do and to which we are all invited - the galas, the celebrations, the parties, the shopping, the baking and all of the rest. So, I thought it would be well this morning for just a few moments, gathered here in the beauty of the sanctuary on an Advent Sunday to think about our lives and about how we are living them and whether or not we are living them, or whether © Grand Valley State University   �Are We Having Any Fun Yet? Richard A. Rhem Page 2   we are being lived, whether we are using our time or whether we are being used, whether we are directing our resources or whether they are being directed, whether, in other words, we are living out of the inwardness of the Spirit, or whether we have become the captives of a culture that increasingly stifles the spirit. It's not easy to live in a culture in counter-cultural fashion. But, if one would cultivate the life of the spirit in the present day, one would certainly be swimming upstream and fighting a momentous force that would carry us in quite another direction. What is going on, anyway? Well, we live in a consumer society. We have been shaped into consumers, and that's not a new idea. We're all really aware of it if we think about it for a while. A consumer, of course, is one who consumes, and to consume demands the expenditure of time and energy and resource, and all that is consumed is taken away from that larger whole and there have been many voices that have been raised about the dangers or perils of a consumer society. Consumption for needs is one thing, even for desires is one thing, but the economist, John Kenneth Galbraith, back in the 80s wrote a very significant book entitled The Affluent Society, in which he pointed out the nature of our society today which is different from any other society, in terms of its economy and its practice of living, in all of history, and that is that we have become a society in which desires are created in order to be fulfilled. So, we have been created more and more as a consumer society by the forces of production that would address not simply the things that we need for our human existence, but rather, plant ideas in our heads, so to speak, create the desire which makes us a consumer of the product that is then gladly supplied. It becomes a syndrome which feeds on itself. The producer creates the means of developing the appetite for the product, and the producer producing the product, having the capacity, needs to produce more product, and so there is more bombarding of the human psyche seeking to instill a broader need or a desire base and a greater appetite to consume and it's all a very vicious circle. Galbraith pointed out that that is what is new about our society today, and I suspect that if we are sensing that we are being driven, if we are feeling more of the frenzied, frazzled edge of life, it has something to do with this very drive to consumerism of which we are a part. If you want examples of this, watch television a little bit. Just watch the "Today" show and see how many times Katie Couric bops back on the screen for a fivesecond appearance just to remind us that, after all, we are tuned into "Today", suggesting that they will be right back after these messages. The commercials are messages, of course. Messages are generally helpful. They are always suggestive, and you may be like me, just simply irritated about the fact that you can't even get the weather report in so that, at the end of the day I know what I ought to buy, but I don't know if it's going to rain or snow. And when you take the number of minutes in any hour that is given over to the commercials, you understand that something is going on. Who owns the networks? Corporate America owns the © Grand Valley State University �Are We Having Any Fun Yet? Richard A. Rhem Page 3   networks, and the great producers of the nation controlling the networks use them as a marvelous, sleepless machine, a 24-hour money machine to bombard us with messages that instill within us from the outside desires that create the need to consume, and it is a hallmark of our present human existence. We have become a consumer society in the extreme and, of course, there is a justice issue here. The figures about the consumption of the average American over against the average person any other place in the world you want to go is embarrassing, and the amount of resource and energy and time expended to provide that is amazing, and the cost of that in terms of environment, ecological concerns, natural resources is a matter about which serious and reflective people have spoken, but that's not really my point this morning. My point is rather to call us to awareness of this shaping of us from the outside by a cultural milieu that would make us its pawns and keep us from living out of our inwardness, out of our spirit, this peril of being lived rather than living, this stifling of the spirit through inordinate consumption by obsessive desires for accumulation, gathering of toys, and all of the other aspects of our contemporary, affluent society. The story is told of an old Texas Ranger who was brought to Dallas and the headquarters of the great Nieman-Marcus store and given a tour by the President, and he was asked afterwards what he thought about it. He said, "Well, I don't think I've ever seen so many things I didn't need." I think that sums up pretty well what I'm trying to say about the psychology that is being foisted on us by a consumer society that is marked by the creation of desire rather than the meeting of needs. Now, I may hear some voices out there saying, "But, look at how wonderfully we have profited in this country with this particular kind of economic structure and order," and I want to be very clear this morning that I have all the respect in the world for entrepreneurial endeavor, for confidence, for industry and hard work, and for the character that it takes to build that kind of empire, and I want to be very clear this morning also that I am not pointing to a problem of the affluent into which category most all of us would fall. What I'm talking about this morning is not a problem of the rich. It may be more a problem of the wanna-be rich, those of us whose appetites have been stimulated to reach just beyond our means and to gain that which is, if all things were rationally discerned, beyond our grasp. I'm talking about a social problem which is a spiritual problem and about the fact that we can so easily get swept away into the cultural stream that we fail to be conscious of what's happening to us, and that failure of awareness is deadly because before long we become automatons, we simply lose the soul and we fail to live out of the spirit and God knows we won't know what to do with waiting before the face of God, being still and contemplating the question, "What is your life?" What I am speaking about is not new, for that question, "What is your life?" was offered by James in the context in which he was saying, "Woe to you who sit in Christ Community Church at the 10 o'clock service, planning your business © Grand Valley State University �Are We Having Any Fun Yet? Richard A. Rhem Page 4   agenda for Monday. Woe to you who cannot rest on the Sabbath or keep a holy day, for that driving desire to get on with business as usual." Indeed, the marvelous Hebrew prophets who were such incisive critics of society recognized exactly the same thing. Those who couldn't rest for needing to get back to business. So, it's not a new problem. It's just that in our contemporary society, it has increased exponentially because never before has there been a society in which every aspect of life has been pervaded by the matter of wealth and acquisition and so forth. An American philosopher, Jacob Needleman, has written a book with the unlikely title, Money and the Meaning of Life, in which he suggests that to come to the understanding of the meaning of money has to do with coming to the understanding of life, and he suggests an analogy for where our American society finds itself today. The analogy is that of a prison. A prison is full of prisoners who have been there so long that they have forgotten about life on the outside. They have forgotten even that there is a life on the outside, so that they have been so conditioned, become so adapted that they begin to believe that life in prison is simply a given of being human, and so they live within the prison walls. They have their spats, their controversies, they envy one another for what one might get and another not. It's an enlightened prison, there's a library stocked with good books and they read and they can study and they can organize and they have clubs and all sorts of things, and they work at improving their life, their society, but all within prison walls because they have forgotten that there is any other possibility. Then occasionally, someone comes in from the outside, a messenger from the outside who tells them about life outside and the messenger is met with mockery or with hostility. They are isolated or they are killed because the whole self and social project is threatened by that suggestion that there is another way to live and to be. Jacob Needleman suggests that we are in great danger today of being a part of a society that has forgotten that there is another way to be, that there is a spiritual dimension out of which one is called to live before the face of God, and that the messenger who comes in and whispers about another way is that occasional glimpse that we get in those all too rare moments of self-consciousness and reflection, and he suggests that that occasional glimpse is a call, a wish, a deep realization that we are being lived rather than living, and that our spirit has been stifled by what is often referred to as the rat race of our lives. That is the deeper issue, you see. We are probably not more materialistic than people of other times and places, and we are certainly not less spiritually hungry, and we have enjoyed tremendous blessings in the manner and mode of our living, but what is different again is the pervasiveness of that culture of consumption that calls us to acquisition, that wraps the promise of happiness in all kinds of things and toys and stimulates us to get on the fast track to wealth, to prosperity, to the good life, pummeled as we are by images of the suave and the chic and those who are with it who drive luxury cars. © Grand Valley State University �Are We Having Any Fun Yet? Richard A. Rhem Page 5   What I am dealing with, what I am pointing to, what I am suggesting is that, on occasion, when those moments of awareness arise, we let them be there for a bit, that we think, that we determine that we live from the inside out rather than being forced, jammed into a cookie cutter prison from without. What I am suggesting this morning is that two selves live within us, as the German poet Goethe said, and that that spiritual self in all of its weakness and its vulnerability that gives us a "beep" now and then is precisely the source calling us to life that is life, indeed, that is spiritually rich, that is full, that is happy. A few weeks ago for a couple of weeks in Perspectives, we had the Hope Social Psychologist Dr. David Myers here, whose recent book, The American Paradox: Spiritual Hunger in an Age of Plenty, documents item after item making the case that we are two and a half times wealthier than forty years ago and significantly less happy in a society that has social ills, and dis-ease, that all of our prosperity and all of our goods and all of our affluence have not been able to deal with, and may well have something to do with cause. And so, this morning, just in case you've had a murmur from within, or just in case this very experience and moment might raise your consciousness, it would fulfill its purpose if it brought you to a new awareness. Our Presidential election process seems to be coming toward its end and it has unraveled in legal and judicial fashion and one of the great strengths of this nation is that it will be settled and we will move on, but it has been so obvious over the past weeks that there are those who live with such partisanship and such ideological commitments that one simply knows that they are living without awareness. How can one carry placards and hoot and holler and cheer and boo? And those kinds of obsessive compulsions to that which is not ultimately important? Once awareness dawns and I begin to live out of the spirit, I am able to observe, or the spirit in me observes that which is going on around me, and I become the silent observer, unwilling to be pushed with the maddening crowd, unwilling to be herded by a captivating culture that would rob me of my soul. Good friends, are we having any fun yet? References: Jacob Needleman. Money and the Meaning of Life. New York: Currency Doubleday, 1991. David G. Myers. The American Paradox: Spiritual Hunger in an Age of Plenty. Yale University Press, 2000. © Grand Valley State University � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Event Advent II Scripture Text Amos 8:5, James 4:13-14 Location The location of the interview Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI References David G. Myers. The American Paradox: Spiritual Hunger in an Age of Plenty, 2000. Jacob Needleman. Money and the Meaning of Life, 1991. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01_RA-0-20001210 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2000-12-10 Title A name given to the resource Are We Having Any Fun Yet? Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Sermons Relation A related resource Richard A. Rhem - An Archive of Sermons, Prayers, Talks and Stories: http://richardrhem.org/ Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 application/pdf Description An account of the resource A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on December 10, 2000 entitled "Are We Having Any Fun Yet?", on the occasion of Advent II, at Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI. Scripture references: Amos 8:5, James 4:13-14. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives Awareness Meaning Spiritual Dimension of Reality https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/bf5030fdc060237fa6aa14e4c0412e39.mp3 3fddfd917a19d738994d58ea8ba5d8e0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Event Pentecost XXIII Series The Tradition That Shaped Us Scripture Text Luke 4: 24, 28, Luke 23:33-34 Location The location of the interview Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01_RA-0-19911027 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991-10-27 Title A name given to the resource Are We Still Protesting, Or Have We Made Our Point? Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Sermons Relation A related resource Richard A. Rhem - An Archive of Sermons, Prayers, Talks and Stories: http://richardrhem.org/ Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Description An account of the resource A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on October 27, 1991 entitled "Are We Still Protesting, Or Have We Made Our Point?", as part of the series "The Tradition That Shaped Us", on the occasion of Pentecost XXIII, at Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI. Scripture references: Luke 4: 24, 28, Luke 23:33-34. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/dc24a118954d38d7e72ec00be5e3b05f.mp3 41c86845aa2b52715f19819f8c092c2d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Event Advent III Scripture Text Isaiah 42:3: Matthew 11:8 Location The location of the interview Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01_RA-0-19901216 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1990-12-16 Title A name given to the resource Are You the One? Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Sermons Relation A related resource Richard A. Rhem - An Archive of Sermons, Prayers, Talks and Stories: http://richardrhem.org/ Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Description An account of the resource A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on December 16, 1990 entitled "Are You the One?", on the occasion of Advent III, at Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI. Scripture references: Isaiah 42:3: Matthew 11:8. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/498a3d79716a3e981fe47977855f3ca4.JPG 9d6df195b1456ff384ee23f750d03d39 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ronald Oakes collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Oakes, Ronald Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs by Ronald Oakes, who served in the U.S. Marine Corps during the Vietnam War, and in the U.S. National Guard in the Iraq War. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968/2005 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/628">Ronald Oakes Vietnam and Iraq war photographs (RHC-80)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Iraq War, 2003-2011 Vietnam War, 1961-1975 Veterans Photographs Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Relation A related resource Veterans History Project interviews, RHC-27 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-80 Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-80_Oakes-Iraq-DSCF0478 Title A name given to the resource Area 51, the parking / staging area for civilian 7,500 gallon tanker trucks Subject The topic of the resource Iraq War, 2003-2011 United States--History, Military United States. National Guard Military life Soldiers Photographs Description An account of the resource Area 51, the parking / staging area for civilian 7,500 gallon tanker trucks. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Oakes, Ronald Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Ronald Oakes Vietnam and Iraq photographs (RHC-80) Relation A related resource Veterans History Project interviews, RHC-27 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Iraq War Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives