37 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1ed01bfbe605891a68ad1aeba90b1145.pdf 1eafe5c58de7853c47e1e983bc757f0d PDF Text Text Young Lords In Lincoln Park Interviewee: Antonio López Interviewers: José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez Location: Grand Valley State University Special Collections Date: 7/11/2012 Biography and Description Antonio López grew up in the Logan Square Neighborhood of Chicago and heard about the Young Lords early in life, as his parents are activists. Mr. López is also active in various projects and community organizations. He is of Mexican descent and Logan Square is currently a prime real estate target for developers, who continue to prey on Latinos and the poor, and are supported by city hall and their housing Master Plan. In fact it is not hard to locate many of these developers who readily finance machine loyalists and who have sat and still sit on the many city boards. Mr. López ‘s parents were connected to the land grant struggles in New Mexico that were being led by Reis López Tijerina. Mr. Tijerina was born on September 21, 1926 near Falls City, Texas. He is preacher who founded the Alianza Federal de Pueblos Libres (Federal Alliance of Land Grants) in New Mexico. He is widely credited as launching the early Chicano Civil Rights Movement, although Mr. Tijerina prefers the term “Indo Hispano Movement” because the word “Chicano” can also divide Mexicans. At the time of this oral history, Mr. López was completing his doctoral studies in the Department of History at the University of Texas, El Paso. His doctoral dissertation focuses on the Rainbow Coalition, which originally began with Chairman Fred Hampton and included the Young Patriots and Young Lords. Mr. López has voluntarily assisted the Young Lords on various projects beyond his dissertation. �Transcript JOSE JIMENEZ: Antonio, if you can tell me your name and date of birth. ANTONIO LOPEZ: So, my name is Antonio Reyes Lopez. I was born on July 21, 1980. I was actually born in Gary, Indiana and then raised in Chicago, Illinois. JJ: In 1980? AL: Yeah, I was born in 1980. My folks were steelworkers. Actually, my family is from New Mexico. JJ: They were steelworkers there? AL: Well, they weren’t steelworkers in New Mexico. My dad was actually a migrant worker, a student. My mom was a farm worker too. They came from rural families in New Mexico. And then, like a lot of people, looked for work in the steel mills at that time and migrated from New Mexico to Gary in the late ’70s and then worked in the steel mills together. JJ: Did a lot of people migrated at that time to the steel mills? AL: Yeah, there was a lot of people that -- well, I don’t know if too many people from New Mexico, but I think in general for years and years and decades, [00:01:00] the steel mills and the jobs here in Chicago have attracted a lot of people. But also the politics of steelworkers at that time was really hot. So my folks are actually movement people, very much activists. And so, to be there in the steel mills was kind of a place to be. So, they went and worked there, of course, until that industry kind of collapsed in the mid ’80s and that’s when my family moved to Chicago. 1 �JJ: Okay, but did they go there to organize, or did they just go there to work? AL: I think they went there to organize. JJ: But they were involved in -- AL: Yeah, they were involved in some of the politics of that era. So, as you know, a lot of the politics was like -- a lot of people had done the community work. But that got kind of repressed. So, there was a lot of movement towards going back to the point of production and doing work, really the working class organizing at the point of production. [00:02:00] So, during the late ’70s, really steelworkers were very much at the forefront of a lot of that kind of politics, a lot of that militant revolutionary politics particularly across race, coming together in the class struggles. JJ: So, were there union organizers? Were they union? AL: Yeah, they became part of the union, but I think they were more -- JJ: What union? AL: I think they were with the -- what is it, the -- oh man, I’m going to forget right now. JJ: Some kind of steel. AL: U.S. Steel. It was the U.S. Steelworkers. Yeah, they were working at U.S. Steel and they were involved with the union. And also, Gary’s a Black community, so they were really involved in kind of doing that work. So, part of it was also implicated in the history of my family being -- my dad particularly being pretty much a revolutionary in New Mexico and then having to get out of New Mexico because shit got crazy. 2 �JJ: Let’s talk a little bit about New Mexico. So, who’s the revolutionary there? Was that connected to [00:03:00] Reies López? AL: Yeah. I mean, Reies was very active a little bit earlier than my dad. My dad’s a little younger than Reies. But definitely involved with the Chicano movement. My dad was very much at the forefront. He actually founded Chicano Studies at the University of New Mexico in the ’60s. JJ: What was your dad’s name? AL: My dad’s name is [Ezequiel Lopez, Ezequiel Antonio Lopez?]. My father was from -- JJ: And your mom’s name? AL: My mom’s name is [Esther Lopez?]. My father comes from the villages, though, that Reies was organizing in the ’50s. So, my dad is from a village called Sena, New Mexico, and Sena, New Mexico is a rural mountain community. I mean, these are really poor people who lost the land back really when the U.S. came in and conquered New Mexico. So, there’s a history of colonialism, history of conquest that goes way back with my family. JJ: So, was that the land grants? Was that (overlapping dialogue; inaudible)? AL: Yes, that’s all of that struggle [00:04:00] that Reies then went into and entered into that struggle in the ’50s basically. That’s where my dad’s side of the family is from. JJ: I’m just kind of going back a little bit. (break in recording) 3 �AL: -- against not only the capitalists and the owning class here in Chicago, but it was also struggling against over political organizations at the community level who were saying we should follow a race program, we should follow a racial program. So, it’s kind of in the middle of that. It’s struggling against -- that’s the way I see it. I see it as saying, look, that’s important. It’s important that we have pride. It’s important that we love our people. But we’ve got to get to the class struggle, and that’s why the community service programs were so important because they were educating people on how important the politics was, that you have a state that doesn’t meet the needs, that actually thrives on poverty, thrives on despair in the city of Chicago. JJ: So, you said we’ve got to get to the class struggle. [00:05:00] Can you explain? AL: Yeah. One of the concepts I try to introduce in my project is called a flexible hybridity is what I call it. That’s like an academic term. See, I don’t think the Black Panthers and the Young Lords -- you can correct me if I’m wrong. But it wasn’t about saying, “We’re going to form this alliance. And all the sudden now we’re going to dissolve being Puerto Rican or dissolve being Black or dissolve being Southern white.” So, it wasn’t like this coalition where you come and now you’re this artificial new unit. It was saying, “No,” it was saying “We still love being Puerto Rican, Mexicano, Black. We’re Brown and proud. We’re Black and proud. We’re Southern white and proud. White power, Black power, Red power. Power to everybody.” Right? But it was also saying at a certain point we’ve got to come together as a working class in a class struggle. So, that flexibility to be able to say we can come together and defend Puerto Rican independence and 4 �defend the Chicano movement and Aztlán, defend Black power, defend [00:06:00] Black people but yet come together in a class struggle. That flexibility, I think, is very important. It makes the original Rainbow Coalition different. A lot of people think you form a coalition, it’s just like a new thing and all the sudden you’re a new -- it wasn’t about being a new organization. That’s what I think people don’t understand. That’s why I try to highlight that there wasn’t a headquarters, there wasn’t a Rainbow Coalition headquarters. It was basically like you’ve told me you handle your business and your neighborhood and your people. We’re handling ours, you’re handling yours, and we come together on the class politics, on the revolutionary politics. And I think that’s a really important lesson that people have not really grasped yet. JJ: So, you’re trying to get into class politics [being?] common interest. AL: Yeah. And you build in your community the class struggle in your community. You know what I mean? You engage the -- because we’ve got a -- JJ: Is that what you’re (inaudible)? AL: Yeah. What I’m saying is I think that’s just a different vision of solidarity than what people have right now. When they think of solidarity, it’s like, “Oh, let me go to Mexico and go do work over there.” No, do work in your neighborhood. [00:07:00] Do work in your community. You know what I mean? Build a class consciousness in your space, wherever you’re at. JJ: What is class consciousness? What does it mean to you? What does it mean to you? 5 �AL: Yeah. So, what I talk a lot about a lot -- and this is really what the project or the main research question is -- how do people develop a political consciousness of class struggle? Where does it come from? Where do you develop that? Do you develop it from leaders telling you that this is what you’ve got to think? Do you develop it from reading Mao or reading Frantz Fanon? What I write about -- what I try to argue is that actually a class consciousness or a political consciousness comes from what you experience and what you live and what you understand in the city of Chicago, right? So, a class consciousness particularly is an understanding that there is a political struggle between the working class and the owning class. There is an antagonistic -- that struggle cannot be reconciled. You can’t have [00:08:00] an amicable relationship between business owners and workers. And it’s because one side is trying to exploit, rob, make as much money off they can from people from exploiting their production, and the other side are the workers who are being exploited. And so, any time you have an exploiter and exploited contradiction, you can’t reconcile that contradiction. So, how do you develop a consciousness of that? Now, that’s a class struggle. But we know that people aren’t just workers and owners. They’re Puerto Ricans. They’re Mexicanos. They’re Black folks. They’re Southern whites. They’re whoever they are, people from the Middle East, wherever they come from. So, how do you come from that position of saying, “I’m a Chicano,” and having a real hardcore identity about that -- say, “I love my people” -- to then say, “But you know what? There’s an important class struggle at play that affects everybody.” Not only does it affect everybody in Chicago, it’s everybody in the world. It’s a global 6 �struggle because imperialism went around the world. They went global. [00:09:00] They went global, right? The capitalists had to go global in order to save capitalism some time ago. So, when you embrace that class struggle aspect, you connect with everybody around the world. You connect globally because that struggle is in play everywhere. So, how do you develop that consciousness? How do you develop the consciousness for class struggle? JJ: So, are you saying that you’re connecting to struggles that are involved all over the world? AL: Yeah, you can understand it. Once you embrace -- and like I said, it doesn’t mean you have to relinquish who you are and what you -- your love and your pride for your people or where you’re from. But when you embrace a class consciousness, you’re able to understand what the politics is in other places of the world because there’s business owners and workers everywhere. And so, you can understand what -- it gives you the key into understanding the dynamics of oppression in other places in the world. And therefore, you can connect as oppressed peoples. [00:10:00] JJ: So, as oppressed peoples -- so, you’re saying like in Mexico there’s the struggle between the rich and the poor and in Puerto Rico there’s the same struggle. AL: Yeah, there’s a struggle between the rich and the poor. JJ: And so, you’re saying that these people who are poor are connecting with the poor in each country. AL: Yeah, so what happens is that -- JJ: But they also have their own countries. 7 �AL: So, there’s an issue where you can connect. But what I’m more interested in and what I think the original Rainbow Coalition is important is because if you only say, “Man, I’m Mexican, so I only think about Mexicans,” that race, that idea, that border -- it blocks you from recognizing that you have something in common and a shared experience with a Puerto Rican. We have all these divisions between Mexicans and Puerto Ricans in Chicago, which is a false antagonistic relationship. JJ: What was this called? At that time, we had the Rainbow of Coalition. Do you remember (inaudible)? [00:11:00] AL: Yeah. I think one of the things that I try to -- JJ: I mean, some of it’s just nationalistic. AL: Yeah, it was called pork chop nationalism. It was called cultural nationalism. That’s what you’re looking at. If you’re really nationalistic, you’re not able to get to the internationalism. So, I think the original Rainbow Coalition -- JJ: (inaudible) a term that came out of that when (inaudible). AL: And that’s why I think if you look at -- you can look at a lot of people. JJ: The difference between progressive nationalism and cultural nationalism. AL: Exactly, cultural nationalism versus revolutionary nationalism. It’s an important distinction to make. But I think the thing is -- we have a lot of (inaudible) particularly young people my age -- JJ: It was being made by the Rainbow Coalition. AL: That’s right. JJ: It’s part of the concept that (inaudible). 8 �AL: That was one of the main -- why it’s so politically significant because it was introducing -- and that’s what I’m saying [how flexible?]. You could have the revolutionary nationalism and the [00:12:00] internationalism, the class struggle aspects of it. JJ: You were saying it was (inaudible) are. AL: Yeah, exactly. It’s all right. But see, a lot of people think nowadays think, “All I got to do is be proud and represent my people and carry a big flag and be down for my people.” And it’s not about that because there are some of your people who are capitalists, who are exploiting you, who are taking advantage of you, and who are creating more oppression. And that’s who we should be in struggle with too. JJ: And divisions, who are creating more divisions for the benefit of capitalism. AL: That’s right. That’s right. That’s right. So, we can look at lot of people, but Fred Hampton always kind of was so good at expressing it. He says you can’t fight fire with fire. You’ve got to fight fire with water. And if you think about racism, you might feel a lot of racial oppression. But you can’t fight racial oppression by saying, “I’m only down for my race.” There aren’t even no races anyway. But you might say, “I’m only down for my people.” You’re fighting fire with fire. What you have to do is fight -- as he said, you have to fight racism with solidarity. You have to fight racism with the class struggle. [00:13:00] You fight capitalism with socialism. And that was the essence really with the Rainbow Coalition. But it was a solidarity that wasn’t about making this new artificial organization or a new people. It was about saying, “Look, do real work, community service work in your 9 �communities. And if you do that and we understand you’re not racist, we understand you’re doing important work and we come together, then we can meet and then we can build.” JJ: So, it wasn’t an organization. What do you think it was? AL: Oh no, I think it was an alliance, a coalition. I think it does -- it meets all the standards of a coalition. It’s like one Panther said, we have each other’s back. And I think that’s what it was. You had each other’s back. The Young Lords supported people. They worked together. They helped each other. They embraced the 10 point platform of the Black Panther Party. The did the community service program. The Young Lords were -- y’all came from the neighborhoods. Who knew Lincoln Park better than the Young Lords? Nobody. [00:14:00] The Black Panthers didn’t know Lincoln Park, but you guys knew. So, I think that was part of the genius of the Panther Party too was to not go in and try to say, “We know your neighborhood more than you know it.” It was to say, “No, you know, organize your neighborhood, man. Let’s get it together. Let me just give you a little bit of this Panther politics.” The way I write about it in my dissertation is that the Young Lords and the Young Patriots were already prepared to embrace that politics. They didn’t need the Panther Party to come in and necessarily teach them too much or manipulate them or -- if you grew up in Lincoln Park, you saw police brutality, you saw poverty, you saw all these kinds of things going on. You come from Puerto Rico, you know what’s going on in Puerto Rico. So, when the Panthers come and say it’s a class struggle, people -the Young Lords say, “Oh, yeah. We see that. I see what you’re saying. Let’s do 10 �this.” That’s what it was. You didn’t need to be -- and I think that’s where the struggle with other academics is who try to kind of represent things in a different light. [00:15:00] JJ: Because it wasn’t clear (inaudible) a lot of members what you’re discussing right now. It was clear among the leadership, but it wasn’t really clear -- you know, we were evolving at that time so to speak. AL: So, I think it’s important to think of the Rainbow Coalition. We can think about it as an alliance, as an coalition. But I think it’s important to think about it as a political tactic. That’s an important thing to think about, to think about it as saying, “We’re going to form this because we have an enemy who thrives off of these racial divisions, who thrives off of our people wanting to be race leaders or have this cultural nationalism.” So, the original Rainbow Coalition was a political tactic to undermine that, to strike against that and to really teach the people that it’s a class struggle. JJ: What it wasn’t for sure was an organization. It was not an organization. [00:16:00] Because there’s confusion today among people. They think it was an organization. It was just like you said. People were already working in their (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). And they came together and it was more of an alliance, or a tactic. AL: And I think when you talk about -- this was really something that developed among the political leadership of each organization is important, because you guys, the rank and file members were busy in the breakfast for children program. They were busy selling newspapers. They were busy fighting with landlords or 11 �fighting with business owners or whatever it is that they’re doing. A lot of times, when you’re doing that work, you don’t have a lot of time -JJ: And just discussing -- there’s a lot of discussion (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) renaissance. AL: Yeah, going to political education meetings. That’s a lot of time you’re putting in. So, a lot of people that -- maybe they didn’t even have a chance to really come together on that level. But they knew that the Young Lords had each other’s back and they knew that -- JJ: It was understood. AL: Yeah, it was understood, it was understood. JJ: It wasn’t clearly articulated, but it was understood. AL: So, and this is where I think we’ve got to deal with these liberal concepts of a coalition and solidarity, because [00:17:00] there’s this liberal notion of, “Oh, people got together and they were like” -- no, it wasn’t like that. People had hard work to do and every day they had to get up early as hell and put in work. It wasn’t -- so, we had to kind of work against that liberal notion of coalitions and solidarity work. JJ: You just mentioned something that was interesting. What about -- because it was also work. The coalition was work. It was about raising people’s consciousness, right? And so, as a lot of people thought that, okay, I’m a Marxist-Leninist, why isn’t everybody in a Marxist-Leninist? What the Rainbow Coalition was saying was everybody is not that. So, everybody doesn’t understand the class consciousness, so we have work to do. 12 �AL: Yeah, I think so. JJ: I mean, is that what you found out? AL: Oh yeah, I think that’s a really important point because -- I would put it like this. [00:18:00] One of the things that -- the way that I write about it is that I think you can think about the Rainbow Coalition alongside thinking about how important the breakfast for children programs were or the health centers or the legal service programs were. It was one of the most effective political tactics. See, the community service programs -- in my mind, it was a tactic to be able to educate people. In other words, if we’re feeding you, there’s somebody who’s not feeding you. If we’re caring for your health and your welfare and your education, it’s because this country, this society, this state is not caring for your health. So, it was a way to educate people. It was a tactic that was allowed -- that provided people the way to interact with the community but also to educate them about what -- who really cares for you. And so, in that -- and so, people -- the Panthers and the Young Lords talk about people learn through what? They learn through observation and participation. So, through the community service programs, people could observe and participate, and that’s how you learn politics. So, there was very much [00:19:00] an educational aspect to the community service program. JJ: And you’re by saying by interacting (inaudible) connecting to the community. AL: Right. Which is why the politicians, the police always were trying to close those institutions down. Because it was a point of interaction. It was a point of education. And also, it was a point -- and this is what I write about in my 13 �dissertation. Those were the most important tactics that brought legitimacy to the Young Lords, the Black Panthers, the Young Patriots, and also the original Rainbow Coalition. When you’re feeding people and caring for the elderly and doing these things, then the people see. “Man, okay, they’re not gangsters and only gang bangers. These are people from our neighborhood who love us, care for us, and are putting our lives on the line for us.” And it teaches them. They see it. They observe it. And then, they’re with it. So, the legitimacy aspect was really important. That’s why all the stuff with the police gets too hard, right, because the police are the police. But once you’re getting that real legitimacy in the communities and building with people in the communities, that gets [00:20:00] dangerous. Because, see, [they always deal with you?] when they’re dealing with you. You’re going to go fight the police, they’ll deal with you all day. But once you get that legitimacy with the community, that’s dangerous. JJ: Who were -- can you give me some of the names of the people that you interviewed for your dissertation? AL: Sure, sure, sure. Yeah, I think this one of the things where I hope the project goes and I can do more interviews with people. I was able to talk with a few of the Panthers, people like Lynn French. I was also able to talk with one of the women who was in the apartment when Chairman Fred Hampton was killed. JJ: So, Lynn French was -- what was her -- AL: Lynn French was part of the -- I think she -- although this wasn’t like clearly defined. But she was, I think, the labor minister at one point. Labor minister, I believe. But that wasn’t -- maybe different. 14 �JJ: Everybody did a whole lot of different things. AL: Yeah, there was a lot of different titles. But she was a very important woman, female Panther. The Black Panthers of Chicago [00:21:00] had a lot of really great women leaders and workers. JJ: And you mentioned some others. AL: At that time, her name was Brenda Harris. She was more of a rank and file member. But she was in the apartment when Fred Hampton was killed, and she was also shot during that incident. So, I was able to -- she was shot by the Chicago police during that incident. I was able to interview her. JJ: It was (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) talk with her. AL: It was amazing to talk with her. It’s amazing to talk to all of these activists. She was really amazing because I think she -- I really felt the spirit of her, of how that consciousness that the Panthers had and how it still survives and it still exists. So, she talked a lot about -- I talked to her about her -- she grew up in Lawndale and went to schools there. So, she talked about how bad the schools were and how they were really racist and how -- JJ: Lawndale is the West Side? AL: Yeah, the West Side. JJ: Where the -- AL: Yeah, she grew up there. JJ: She came from (inaudible). 15 �AL: Yeah, she grew up in that community. [00:22:00] One of the best parts of her interview too -- she used to sell newspapers and she used to talk about how the people -- JJ: She’s still alive? AL: Yeah, she’s still alive. And she talked about how when she was selling newspapers that people recognized her. They liked her. They would feed her. So, she talked a lot about that legitimacy again that was built there and how even at one point there was a raid. The police raided the Panther office. I think it was in June actually of 1969. They had raided it three times, but one of them, they set a fire up in the headquarters. And many of the people there in the community in the West Side had learned to love the Panther Party. They actually ran up there and put the fire out themselves. There was this guy that had a fancy leather jacket and he was even beating the fire with his leather jacket. You don’t do that if you don’t have any love and care for that organization. You know what I mean? So, she really was able to break it down on how there was really this [00:23:00] deep connections that were beginning to be build. I think that’s important. I think we can’t romanticize it. But there were these really profound ties that were beginning to be built in the communities there because they came from there. They came from the communities, and then they did all this service in the communities just like the Young Lords and I think just like the Young Patriots too. JJ: So, who was (inaudible). 16 �AL: I was able to talk to Willie Calvin. He was on the defense committee and stuff like that. JJ: (inaudible) in your dissertation. AL: I draw a lot on his. One of the things I draw on his work was the interview with him was that -- he came out of the Army and then he was -- he got basically organized in Crane High School there on the West Side also. And so, a lot of it was them -- how they encountered the Panthers and they got basically brought into the organization. And so, I more utilized his work to talk about how the Panthers drew from not only -- it was students [00:24:00] and then it was also people from street organizations but also it was ex-military or veterans that kind of came back from the military and then became organized into the Panther Party. There was kind of three -- a lot of people think it was just kind of ex-gang members that became Panthers. And it really wasn’t that. Actually, the Young Lords may have more of a history of that, of actually evolving from a street organization into a political party. The Black Panther Party was not really that. It was a lot of students. Fred Hampton wasn’t a gang member. A lot of other people weren’t. They were civil rights activists and many of them were students. Some of them came from street organizations and some of them came from the military. So, I use him as kind of an example to demonstrate there was people coming from different directions. JJ: Ok what about Young Lords? AL: I was able to talk with [Omar Lopez?]. I was able to talk with you. JJ: What (inaudible)? 17 �AL: Omar was really good because Omar -- he’s a Mexicano and his brother was also pretty much [00:25:00] a very important activist that had been political in LADO and also was even political in Mexico. And so, there was that kind of history of people understanding oppression in Mexico or Puerto Rico or coming to Chicago and already having that kind of background. And then, he’s involved in LADO. I think at some point, he makes a transition into the Young Lords. So, he was able to really break that down. JJ: He was (inaudible) student (inaudible). AL: Yeah, then a circle that I think is a -- JJ: The YMCA or something like that. AL: Yeah. So, he was -- but we talked a lot too about what it meant to be -- because I think he actually grew up in Humboldt Park actually, which was at that time still a predominantly white neighborhood. So, when you talk about -- we were talking a lot about Latino history in terms of what it meant to be -- JJ: Well, he came in 1966 around that time. At that time, it was Puerto Rican neighborhood(inaudible) [00:26:00] because it was a Mexican family in a primarily Puerto Rican area at that time. And they got involved with the Puerto Rican community. AL: One of the things that was interesting about the history was his brother was actually (audio cuts out) to react to the riots and actually try to get people out of jail by selling these records of -- there’s this really famous ballad of the -- that was talking about the history of the Puerto Rican riots. But again, the way that 18 �the cultural nationalism worked that he got involved -- I think it was the Spanish Action Committee or something like that. JJ: Spanish Action Coalition. AL: But they were just -- because they were more nationalistic, they didn’t really want to work with -- kind of across with Mexicans. So, I think because of that, they kind of began LADO, right? So, again, it’s one of these precursors -- JJ: And they became criticized even though they were in a leadership role in (inaudible). AL: Right. So, he ended up having -- because you have, again, these divisions -[00:27:00] JJ: Not by the Young Lords because we definitely respected his leadership. AL: Of course. But the thing about LADO too -- JJ: They played a major role in the Young Lords. AL: The thing about LADO too that’s important is they were very much involved with welfare activism. And they were doing a lot of work with women who were dealing with all these humiliations and problems with the welfare offices that were developing with the war on poverty programs at that time period. And so, I think through that it was always this defense, this community defense. So, LADO was involved with that. I think again, even in the West Side, there’s the West Side organization and even in uptown, which is the Young Patriots, where they come out of -- which was [JOIN?] which was doing this welfare activism. And they were also beginning to do a lot of antiracist work. So, I think when I look at it, there’s these earlier organizations that are beginning to grapple with the solidarity 19 �politics. You can go ahead and come through. No, that’s no problem. That are beginning to grapple with those issues of how do you develop a [00:28:00] movement, a coalition across cultural nationalism or dealing with those issues. But I don’t think it came together as forcefully as it did with the original Rainbow Coalition. But they were beginning to do that. They were doing the community defense work. They were interested in community control. They were doing welfare politics. JJ: We were working together. AL: Yeah, people were working together. It’s not that one starts and the other one (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). JJ: We had a coalition with them with LADO and then we had the coalition with the Panthers. AL: Yeah, I see. JJ: So, we had -- they were involved with everything we did, and we were involved with everything (inaudible). AL: I think that’s a good way to put it because it’s not like they stopped. I mean, at one point join -- JJ: Because the Young Lords had coalitions within the Puerto Rican community and the Mexican community. And the Black Panther Party had coalitions in the African American community. And the Young Patriots had coalitions in uptown and other white organizations. AL: That’s an incredible way to think about it. 20 �JJ: So, when we had the Rainbow Coalition, that put all these organizations together. [00:29:00] AL: That’s a great way to think about it. I mean, when you think about that moment -I mean, this is why at that time period people were -- I think people figure out that you have to build coalitions because you’re dealing with an enemy who doesn’t want you to deal with -- you’re dealing with an enemy as a coalition, a real strong coalition who doesn’t want you to have a similar very strong coalition. See what I mean? So, I think at that point, it’s really important to know your enemy, as they would say. JJ: It’s powerful. It was city wide. And that’s why the (inaudible) came out now. Now, were you able to look at, in your dissertation, at some of the oppression? AL: Yeah, oh yeah. I mean, it’s really -- JJ: Because (inaudible) right? AL: It’s a painful history to look at because I mean -- JJ: Did you discover anything? AL: Yeah, I think probably one of the most -- and maybe people will argue against this. [00:30:00] But I think that when you look at repression, it’s not just that they’re violent towards people. It’s also the way that they use laws and the ways that they introduce -- they criminalize. To criminalize people is also a very important thing. So, if you look at -- the way that my dissertation is -- the way I look at it is like the original Rainbow Coalition develops basically in early 1969, sometime in January or February is as close as I’ve been able to kind of identify when it comes together formally. I mean, people are working -- 21 �JJ: It was January. AL: People are kind of working together previously. JJ: The day after the police -- well, we got connected to Fred. AL: So, people know each other and they’re working together. But I think a more formal thing comes together in January or February. And then, there’s a lot of really important work particularly around the universities and the campuses, organizing work. But if you realty look at -- what I think is if you look at when [Manuel Ramos?] is killed, that’s really an important moment because I think -my interview with you was that there were still some Young Lords who were kind of [00:31:00] maybe not all in yet at that point as far as becoming a political organization. But when Manuel Ramos gets killed by a police officer in May, it really kind of drives home the point that there’s this -- Fred Hampton says we live in a sick society. And so, I think that really galvanizes a lot of people at that point. And there’s really this amazing series of events after Manuel Ramos is killed where the Black Panthers and the Young Patriots and a lot of other people, SDS and other people really kind of come together at that point. Now, in terms of repression, to me, I don’t think it’s a coincidence that after these series of events and protests and marches and agitating -- you guys go to the police station. You go to Bridgeport actually. JJ: (inaudible) AL: Yeah, you went to mayor -- I don’t think it’s a coincidence that after you go to Mayor Daley’s neighborhood -- [00:32:00] JJ: We were like a (inaudible) we didn’t even know it was Mayor Daley’s house. 22 �AL: Yeah, so I don’t think it’s a coincidence that after you went to Mayor Daley’s hood that just days later he declares a war on gangs. It’s just days later that Mayor Daley declares a war on gangs after all of this agitation. JJ: I didn’t know it was a few days after that. AL: Yeah, it was just days later. It’s literally a couple days -- JJ: There was a major (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). AL: And that’s what I call governmentality in my thing is when you have a conscious. JJ: The (inaudible) was right after the Manuel Ramos (inaudible). AL: Right after all the Manuel Ramos agitation and rage and anger about him being killed. There’s all this activism and direct action. And to me, I don’t think it’s a coincidence that Mayor Daley declares a war on gangs right after that. Now, people say it was because all these gangs are getting together, and the Blackstone Rangers thing. I don’t think so. I argue against that. [00:33:00] I think it was because there was -- JJ: No, we were already there. AL: Yeah, they were already doing all this stuff. And they didn’t have a revolutionary political consciousness. But I think when all this this comes together with the Panthers, I think that really ties together the Panthers, the Lords, and the Patriots that much more solid with Manuel Ramos. JJ: All (inaudible) Blackstone Rangers, Jesse Jackson was working with the Blackstone Rangers at that time. They developed some red berets. AL: That’s right. 23 �JJ: And so, they were (inaudible) so the city was worried about them too. But you’re right. We had just gone to Mayor Daley’s house to protest in front of his house. AL: That’s my argument. I mean, I’m not saying it’s mine because I’m arguing against other academics who might say it. But I think it’s important. I think that Manuel Ramos -- so, after they declared the war on gangs, you really see a more systemic series of repressions. It kind of makes it okay for the police to run wild on all these organizations. You really see an escalation of surveillance. You see people getting killed. And what I write about -- I have a chapter [00:34:00] that’s called “The Rainbow Summer of 1969” which is really where you have all this heavy -- when you guys take over the church which is not too long after Manuel Ramos is killed -- this heavy politics going on but also this heavy repression. And that’s that relationship. JJ: The McCormick Seminary was taken over right after Manuel Ramos (inaudible). AL: Exactly, right after that. So, I basically -- JJ: We were on the news that whole week. AL: So, I think the death of Manual Ramos kicks off the Rainbow summer of 1969. But you had people getting killed. You had people getting arrested. Fred Hampton goes to jail in early June. It’s just a lot of systemic repression. But I think it’s connected to the war on gangs, which to me was a conscious effort to contain a lot of this coalition building that was taking place. JJ: Do you think it was connected at that time was the war on gangs (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). 24 �AL: Yes, I think it’s a conscious -- that’s why I use the word governmentality to deal with the ways that local agents of government think consciously about power and how you maintain it. [00:35:00] JJ: So, what about Reverend Bruce Johnson was killed? What did you (inaudible)? AL: Yeah, I think that’s part of it. I think what you’re dealing with is that Reverend Bruce Johnson was an important institutional leader in Lincoln Park who had embraced the Young Lords. So, in other words, you have to eliminate that force because Reverend Bruce Johnson provided a lot of legitimacy for the Young Lords because a pastor, someone who’s running a church embraces this organization -- JJ: He’s the United Methodist -- AL: Yeah, he’s the United Methodist minister. JJ: And he was a pastor of the church that was taken over. The congregation opposed us, but he supported us. AL: That’s right. He’s a supporter. He’s an institutional leader. He’s got a lot of legitimacy in the community. And if he’s supporting this organization, then they’re connected, then the Young Lords is legitimate. But if you get rid of that, then it’s like you have the Young Lords is kind of disconnected in a certain way. It’s kind of [00:36:00] cutting a real main lifeline, again, of that interaction between the community, the legitimacy that’s required. JJ: And he was found stabbed 17 times and his wife 19. AL: And we know how it is. You’re dealing with an enemy that will hire some sadistic -- 25 �JJ: So, they tried to even make it look like he was stabbed with a knife, like “Oh a Latino..” That’s what they were trying to say at that time. Like stereotyping. (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). AL: Like a Latino. That’s an interesting point to make. That’s really important. If you think about that -- that shows you how sadistic, how maniacal these people that we’re dealing with, that they would even do that to make it look like that. And that’s who you’re dealing with. And that’s what I try to say. Let’s not underestimate or not think about who we’re dealing with. We’re dealing with some of the most brutal people that have lived on the face of humanity. JJ: So we don’t have any proof, but it could’ve been part of the [oppression?], is that what you’re saying? I don’t want to put words (overlapping dialogue; inaudible). [00:37:00] AL: The way I look at it is that I think the -- one of the aspects of those in power is that it unleashed people to do a lot of crazy shit. You know what I mean? So, nothing is out of bounds. So, even this heinous death of Bruce Johnson -- I mean, they could have hired -- who knows who they were hiring. They could just say, “Hey man, go off this dude.” You’re dealing with some sadistic people. So, I don’t think -- JJ: And in fact, there were a lot of letters being written to the bishops to kick him out of their church. AL: Right. They might have wanted to do it, to get rid of him one way or another. But if he stood in there and said, “No, I’m going to defend this community, I’m going to defend this organization,” then they get violent. That’s the way -- that’s what 26 �you’re dealing with. So, to me, I think it’s deeply connected. I think it’s -- look, we don’t need that. We know. We don’t need the direct records. You know what I mean? Because we know. That’s what we call in academia epistemology. We don’t need an empirical [00:38:00] proof. We don’t need a smoking gun to know that that’s what went down. We know that’s what went down because that’s the importance of politics. That’s what I try to write about in my dissertation. If you don’t understand the politics and then make sense of why this Reverend Bruce Johnson is going to endure that kind of death then it’s going to make sense why Manuel Ramos was shot by an on duty police officer. We don’t need to go through a legal process and do all this because we know the politics of it, the class struggle, the political struggle. That’s what you need to know. That’s what I think is important. JJ: So, what other -- is important that -- you mentioned the class (inaudible) what were some other points there? AL: Yeah, I think the major thing to realize is that in December [00:40:00] there’s all this tremendous repression. The best example -- or the worst example is the assassination of Chairman Fred Hampton, who was one of the most powerful -- a lot of people forget that he was one of the most powerful advocates and one of the most eloquent advocates of the Rainbow Coalition, but also somebody who was really good at blasting these cultural porkchop nationalists. He was one of the best at -- if you read his speeches, you’ll crack up laughing because he’s just that great. And so, he had a speech that was actually called “It’s a Class 27 �Struggle Goddammit.” That was the title of his speech. This was Fred Hampton. So, again, he’s another person that, unfortunately, was -JJ: We used to call him Chairman. AL: Chairman Fred Hampton, for sure. Chairman Fred Hampton was assassinated. [Mark Clark?] was killed and a lot of other people were shot during that raid on the apartment. But Chairman Fred Hampton -- after his death, one of the things that I tried to write about [00:40:00] that I conclude with is that you really see the reintroduction of these racial divisions in Chicago because a lot of people -- when Chairman Fred Hampton was killed -- were of course angry and enraged that this young, incredible leader would be shot up like that at four in the morning. But a lot of people -- because again, there’s not necessarily that revolutionary political consciousness that circulates in the communities -- they might have thought he was killed because he was Black or he was killed because he was a Black leader. But Chairman Fred Hampton was killed because he was a revolutionary leader. He was an internationalist. JJ: We didn’t call him Chairman in (inaudible) was more relaxed. AL: Sure, I understand. JJ: But just out of respect, we knew he was the chairman of the (inaudible). AL: He was a revolutionary internationalist leader. JJ: (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) He related very well to the room. When he was in the room, you wouldn’t even know that he was the leader of the (inaudible) you just [00:41:00] -- he wasn’t into titles. 28 �AL: So, if you see what happens -- what I write about in my conclusion is that already -- he’s killed in December. Already in January and February, there’s all these events to commemorate him and there’s all these things. But you already see people going back to that cultural nationalism, going back to that porkchop nationalism right away. JJ: And in fact, that existed in that time of the Panthers and some of the Young Lords and especially in the Young Patriots too. AL: But that becomes really intense. JJ: So, that was part of our work. AL: That was the work. That was the tactic to engage that. But you already get that intensity. The one thing that I think we should think about more is that I think they’re really conscious and understanding that whenever you inflict a lot of pain on people like when they killed Fred Hampton, that oftentimes the first tendency is to react through cultural nationalism and to react through that kind of rage because you can say, “That’s [00:42:00] one of my people and they killed him because he’s Latino or Puerto Rican or Black.” And I think they know that. [aside] Go ahead man, actually I think someone might be in there, but- So, I think they understand that very well, and I think that’s -- and they even [thrived on this?]. One of the things that I try to show, the evidence I try to show is that – JJ: [aside] There’s nobody in there. AL: [aside] Oh sorry about that man. Sorry about that. JJ: That’s alright 29 �AL: So, one of the things that I try to write about is after -- if you look at like what the police are doing -- and again, this is why I study the police, the people that we’re up against. What they’re doing is they’re actually antagonizing Black people in Chicago. They’re tearing down posters of Fred Hampton. They’re shooting up posters of Fred Hampton. They’re staging mock raids of -JJ: Wait, this is -- AL: After Fred Hampton’s killed. They want people to react that way. They want people to react through cultural nationalism and racial consciousness. Instead of class consciousness, they want [00:43:00] racial consciousness. So, they’re antagonizing people to get them even more angry and more thinking that what it was about was because he was a Black leader when in fact, he was a Black leader but he was also a revolutionary internationalist leader. So, it’s a way that you kind of silence that history. And now, all of the sudden, now you get Chairman Fred Hampton is really -- he’s only thought about as like a Black Panther or Black Panther leader or Black leader but in fact, he has the leader of everybody. He was the leader of a lot of people, not just Black folks. So, I think it’s important to see. So, the way that I think about it is you have the original Rainbow Coalition undermines and disrupts what’s going on in Chicago for a brief moment, for a few months, for a year maybe. But then, you have the repression and then it gets kind of recuperated, the racial consciousness. The way power gets recuperated -- and it’s the same thing -- if you look historically -if you look at the Haymarket riots or if you look at when Black people [00:44:00] were resisting militantly during the 1919 race riots, when you look at different 30 �things, things get disrupted and then the class struggle -- the way it operates is they fix it. They get -- we’re dealing with a smart enemy who learns. They observe and participate too, so they learn and they develop new and sophisticated ways to keep their power and make money. That’s what happens after the -- they learned. They saw the original Rainbow Coalition, what it was. The repressed it. If you can’t fix it nonviolently, they’ll fix it violently. And then, they kind of come afterwards and then they develop a new way because they not only want to fix it, they want to fix it for the future. They want to make sure that no other coalition, no other revolutionary work is going to happen in the future. So, they do all kinds of shit to kind of get people stuck in what I call paralysis to keep them kind of politically paralyzed. JJ: That’s very important, what you just said about what they want to do. [00:45:00] Their intentions -- and it’s very important how Fred -- how he opposed their intention and why the Rainbow Coalition was important. You just said that Fred was a leader, not only of Black people, but of all people of (inaudible) and that’s what he was able to do, I mean, with his coalition was to unite more people that were not necessarily from the African American community, like Latinos, like poor whites and that. He was able to do that. And the enemy was doing the opposite. Like you said, they didn’t want this coalition to ever exist again. And they came with the cultural nationalism. So, this is very important what you just said. Fred was a leader of all people. AL: One of the conclusions -- I’m hoping to maybe write about this more in the future, look into it more. [00:46:00] So, it’s not really set in stone. But one of the things 31 �that we’ll come to is I think that we’re dealing with an enemy with an owning class. I think that they know that the best way to undermine class struggle is to attack Black folks or to attack Latinos or any other kind of racialized people, but particularly I think Black people because I think that they know -- like I said, they understand how people react and they know that in those reactions builds a lot of divisions or maintains a lot of divisions. And I think they know that. I really do believe that. I really do believe that. That’s one of the features, that’s one the characteristics of the people that we’re up against. And that’s why to me it’s not coincidence that you have all this kind of heinous violence and oppression that Black people endure in the United States. It all maintains that racial consciousness. And we’re dealing with an enemy that thrives upon people maintaining a racial consciousness exclusively. [00:47:00] And what we’re trying to say and I think what the original Rainbow Coalition tried to say -- it's not a problem just dealing -- you can have a racial consciousness, but add the class consciousness to the racial consciousness. JJ: And that was the beauty of (inaudible) the timing of that (inaudible) was people were proud of who they were, but the people were also relaxed and able to communicate with each other very well during that time. People were learning from each other here just like they were learning internationally from each nation. So, it was like that consciousness of internationalism. But with respect to nationalism (inaudible). I mean, everybody was united because of that. AL: You could see it on a global level. 32 �JJ: But today you can see the differences that racial -- and negative racial (inaudible) and you can see it when you go to meetings. AL: That’s right. And I still think there’s all the -- I think there’s all the ideological struggle that still exists. [00:48:00] People don’t really want to acknowledge it. And that’s the other thing that we’ve got to deal with too because people really -they say they like the Panthers and they like the Young Lords, but really, they’re practicing a different ideological politics than the Black Panthers and the Young Lords. JJ: What do you mean by that? AL: Well, (audio cuts out) really study the Black Panthers and the Young Lords and the ideology. This was ideology. This was ideological struggle. You can’t escape it whether you want to or not. And they were practicing a particular ideological struggle that came from a history of revolutionary activism on a global level applied to Chicago. You see what I mean? And this was against certain ideological tendencies. And we can name them. We can name them in terms of Trotskyism. We can name them in terms of all these other leftist mistakes that people were making, which is why you had SDS going the direction it went, which is why you had all this struggle with all these other organizations. JJ: What do you mean going the direction -- AL: Well, when they factionalized based upon all of these ideological struggles. [00:49:00] They fell apart based on that. JJ: And we did too. 33 �AL: And all the organizations (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) it happened everywhere. JJ: That was a tool (inaudible)? AL: I think so. JJ: Or was it naturally and they (inaudible) took it over. AL: I think the way to think about it maybe is that during that time period there’s a -you have to give people a break. So, people are experimenting with a lot of ideology. And it’s all right to do that. It’s all right to experiment and read books and look at different -- the Cuban revolution, the Chinese revolution, look at things like that. Again, what we know is that you can’t be a mechanical in terms of ideology. You have to really come from what is going on in your particular community, your particular location in build a struggle and build an ideology based on the needs of your people in that particular area, which was [00:50:00] Chicago or Lincoln Park or the West Side. And I think that’s why when the Black Panthers or the Young Lords -- the ideology that y’all were using in driving that and applying and learning from -- because you can make mistakes as long as you learn from them and do it again -- was an ideology that came organically from the conditions of Chicago. And I think when you have all the other people, other activists come in from other areas or other places, whether it’s -- they might be Young Lords but they might be from New York. They might not really understand Chicago. Whenever you have that kind of situation and you try to extrapolate and try to apply it to different places, it’s not going to work. This is why when Dr. Martin Luther King came to Chicago in 1966, he wasn’t able to 34 �really create the kinds of changes he envisioned even though we might like those visions because it wasn’t tailored to the particular conditions that existed in Chicago. And that’s why I think also the original Rainbow Coalition is important because it’s an alliance that developed from the particular conditions of Chicago, which is a segregated racist ass city. And so, when you deal with [00:51:00] ideological struggle, you’re oftentimes dealing with people who don’t have organic knowledge of the city, of the neighborhoods. And we’re trying to apply mechanically ideas of anarchism, Trotskyism, all kinds of shit, which really just confuses the people and takes them in a direction that only our enemy really thrives upon. Now, you don’t need to know -- again, this is one thing I write about. You don’t need to be an expert on Marxism and Maoism to know the class struggle. This is why I like what you all are talking about too. You only have to look around and be really honest and sincere about what conditions are going on in your neighborhood and in your family. All I’ve got to do is look at my family and see what the hell is going on with this sick society. I don’t even need to read a book. And that’s what I think is when we deal with the ideological struggle, which I think people -- we’ve got to be real wary because, yes, we’ve got to build unity, but we can’t be naïve that that ideological struggle [00:52:00] still exists because there’s forces that are still pushing, peddling cultural nationalism, peddling anarchism, peddling all kinds of shit to our people, whether we want to like it or not. That’s another thing I like about this project. I taught me that there’s a lot of things you might want to do, but whether you like it or not, 35 �there are some conditions you’ve got to deal with whether you want to like it or not, you’ve got to deal with it. JJ: What are any final thoughts about your project? AL: Well, I mean, I just think that the thing that we -- one of the things that I try to write about -- I hope it’s not taken in a disrespectful way -- is that there’s one way -- there’s one thing that we’ve got to set the record straight because you talked about a lot. People have misrepresented the history and misrepresented the organizations and really distorted what work people did. So, it’s important that there’s that set [00:53:00] the record straight kind of work that needs to be done. Academics call it -- we need to recover the history and be accurate about it. That’s very important. But that can’t be the only way that we -- the only reason why this history is important. I think it offers political lessons that can be applied to what’s going on today. So, a lot of times I think -- and this is why I think some of the divisions occur in terms of the history because people want to get their story and they want to set the record straight. And it’s really hard because people have different experiences. So, there’s not just one Black Panther experience or one Young Lord experience or one Young Patriot experience. There’s actually a lot of different experiences. If you’re a woman or depending upon what your background is, you’re going to have a different look at it. And then, some people actually maybe weren’t as committed as other people. So, there’s going to be a lot of those. There’s people that claim they were this and claim they were that. [00:54:00] So, you have a lot of things. So, setting the record straight is important. That work has to be done. And I think the 36 �movement people, the activists that were doing stuff back then need to tell their story. And academics need to step out of the way or just be assistants or whatever they can do to help them come forward. But at the same time, I think there’s political lessons that need to be acknowledged and looked at and discussed and then brought forward to today. And so, I hope that we do both of that work. I hope that both of that work is done. In my introduction, I write about this woman who says, “I love that history, but what happened?” And that’s what I’m trying to say. We need to be able to explain what happened and be very clear with the people about what we’re dealing with and who we’re dealing with. So, that’s what I’ll say. All right, Cha-Cha. END OF VIDEO FILE 37 � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/41fb868f82a1902cf80ef0b0015fab25.mp4 98d928e98d8ad9912c8c50f0885e2c38 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Young Lords in Lincoln Park Collection Subject The topic of the resource Young Lords (Organization) Puerto Ricans--United States Civil Rights--United States--History Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) Personal narratives Social justice Community activists--Illinois--Chicago Description An account of the resource Collection of oral history interviews and digitized materials documenting the history of the Young Lords Organization in Lincoln Park, Chicago. Interviews were conducted by Young Lords' founder, José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez, and documents were digitized from Mr. Jiménez' archives. The Young Lords in Lincoln Park collection grows out of the ongoing struggle for fair housing, self-determination, and human rights that was launched by Mr. José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez, founder of the Young Lords Movement. This project is dedicated to documenting the history of the displacement of Puerto Ricans, Mejicanos, other Latinos, and the poor from Lincoln Park, as well as the history of the Young Lords nationwide. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jiménez, José, 1948- Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/491">Young Lords in Lincoln Park collection (RHC-65)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-25 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng spa Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-65 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2012-2017 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Título Spanish language Title entry Antonio López vídeo entrevista y biografía Sujetos Spanish language Subject terms Young Lords (Organización) Puertorriqueños--Estados Unidos Derechos civiles--Estados Unidos--Historia Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) Mexicano-Americanos--Relatos personales Justicia social Activistas comunitarios--Illinois--Chicago Mexico-Americanos--Illinois--Chicago--Condiciones sociales Relaciones raciales Conflicto social Identitad cultural Partido Pantera Negra. Illinois Capí­tulo Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/491">Young Lords in Lincoln Park (RHC-65)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-65_Lopez_Antonio Title A name given to the resource Antonio López video interview and transcript Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource López, Antonio Description An account of the resource Antonio López grew up in the Logan Square Neighborhood of Chicago and heard about the Young Lords early in life, as his parents are activists. Mr. López is also active in various projects and community organizations. He is of Mexican descent and Logan Square is currently a prime real estate target for developers, who continue to prey on Latinos and the poor, and are supported by city hall and their housing Master Plan. In fact it is not hard to locate many of these developers who readily finance machine loyalists and who have sat and still sit on the many city boards. Mr. López ‘s parents were connected to the land grant struggles in New Mexico that were being led by Reis López Tijerina. Mr. Tijerina was born on September 21, 1926 near Falls City, Texas. He is preacher who founded the Alianza Federal de Pueblos Libres (Federal Alliance of Land Grants) in New Mexico. He is widely credited as launching the early Chicano Civil Rights Movement, although Mr. Tijerina prefers the term “Indo Hispano Movement” because the word “Chicano” can also divide Mexicans. At the time of this oral history, Mr. López was completing his doctoral studies in the Department of History at the University of Texas, El Paso. His doctoral dissertation focuses on the Rainbow Coalition, which originally began with Chairman Fred Hampton and included the Young Patriots and Young Lords. Mr. López has voluntarily assisted the Young Lords on various projects beyond his dissertation. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jiménez, José, 1948- Subject The topic of the resource Young Lords (Organization) Puerto Ricans--United States Civil Rights--United States--History Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) Mexican Americans--Personal narratives Social justice Community activists--Illinois--Chicago Mexican Americans--Illinois--Chicago--Social conditions Race relations Social conflict Cultural identity Black Panther Party. Illinois Chapter Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-07-15 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5fbcd638b182eac04247cf1c6627e5a6.jpg 5013d18decd99600314a3d744d2ac7ab Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_FilmPacks_V_26_001 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1939-03-28 Title A name given to the resource Apache Lake Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of the side of a mountain in the distance with a hillside in the foreground of the image. Subject The topic of the resource Apache Lake (Ariz.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/fda31268d74df3d8699b56f5e34ff2d6.jpg b9dee6c271782965b09cf17ec3c8fd6d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_877 Title A name given to the resource APD US high speed transport Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource APD US high speed transport, October 1, 1947. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy World War, 1939-1945 Military education Warships--Recognition Slides Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-10-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b2a017ebb424e22247e68defec4a89e4.jpg 6b077c0a966973484475f9c254ad2742 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_878 Title A name given to the resource APD US High Speed transport Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource APD US High Speed transport, October 1, 1947. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy World War, 1939-1945 Military education Warships--Recognition Slides Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-10-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ccf113af248cb888a0f91b1261b16794.jpg da814e5fea29438fd90b36ac5846e975 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naval Recognition Training Slides Subject The topic of the resource Slides Military education Airplanes, Military--Recognition Warships--Recognition World War, 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource Slides developed during World War II as a training tool, for top-side battle-station personnel on board ship and for all aircraft personnel, by the US Navy. In 1942 a Recognition School was established by the Navy at Ohio State University where the method of identification was developed. In 1943 the school was taken over by the US Navy. The importance of training in visual recognition of ships and aircraft became even more evident during World War II. Mistakes resulting in costly errors and loss of life led to an increased emphasis on recognition as a vital skill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides (RHC-50)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1943-1953 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source <a href="http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/477">Naval recognition slides, RHC-50</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-50_879 Title A name given to the resource APD US high speed transport Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Navy Description An account of the resource APD US high speed transport, October 1, 1947. Subject The topic of the resource United States. Navy World War, 1939-1945 Military education Warships--Recognition Slides Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Naval recognition slides (RHC-50) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-10-01 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f4bd3df91a830f45c4cfed08f3205551.jpg cc4d5ba03e40401f34d954dcce737a5b https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/bb9eaf80ad7bb62c05c5354b066c53be.jpg 76ea51d316314db73c87ad1f4101471f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Insel-Bücherei Series Description An account of the resource The German publishing company Insel Verlag was founded in 1899 by Anton Kippenberg in Leipzig. In its early years the firm only printed expensive, beautifully-produced volumes, until demand led to the publication of the more modest Insel-Bücherei series in 1912. Relatively inexpensive but with the same careful sense of design and typography, these smaller-format books reprinted shorter works from a variety of German, European, and world authors. The series numbers considerably more than a thousand titles and is still being issued. The Digital Collection contains the scanned covers of 140 titles held by Grand Valley State University Libraries. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1904-1987 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-05 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource ger Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-29 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-05_IB0033 Title A name given to the resource Aphorismen Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</A> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1913 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-29 Description An account of the resource Cover of Aphorismen, by Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, published by Insel-Verlag, 1913. Insel-Bücherei Nr. 33 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books. Insel-Bücherei. Z315.I5 B83 no.33 Language A language of the resource de Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ad5ee6ba849caedf312da7526abcf475.jpg 4c62e1857c565d1208f3e6fa9cecdd1b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M082-0022 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-05-17 Title A name given to the resource Apollo 16 parade, Chicago, Illinois Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of the Apollo 16 parade held in downtown Chicago, Illinois, on May 17, 1972. In the photograph, astronauts Charles Duke, Ken Mattingly, and John Young wave to a cheering crowd during the parade in their honor. The Apollo 16 mission was the fifth mission to land on the Moon. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Apollo 16 (Spacecraft) Astronauts--United States Duke, Charles M. (Charles Moss), 1935- Mattingly, T. Ken (Thomas Ken) Young, John, 1930-2018 Parades & processions--Illinois--Chicago Chicago (Ill.) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9d810f3d7aa687bb8285a969e22b3992.jpg 89df417cec8feb59e3ea917d2a574e2b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M082-0026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-05-17 Title A name given to the resource Apollo 16 parade, Chicago, Illinois Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of the Apollo 16 parade held in downtown Chicago, Illinois, on May 17, 1972. In the photograph, astronauts Charles Duke, Ken Mattingly, and John Young wave to a cheering crowd during the parade in their honor. The Apollo 16 mission was the fifth mission to land on the Moon. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Apollo 16 (Spacecraft) Astronauts--United States Duke, Charles M. (Charles Moss), 1935- Mattingly, T. Ken (Thomas Ken) Young, John, 1930-2018 Parades & processions--Illinois--Chicago Chicago (Ill.) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b76b7e58d12e988a09ed6eb102f72f04.jpg 922337010697ad1613cb764f31200c81 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M082-0040 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-05-17 Title A name given to the resource Apollo 16 parade, Chicago, Illinois Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of the Apollo 16 parade held in downtown Chicago, Illinois, on May 17, 1972. In the photograph, a crowd of supporters are seen watching from the sidewalk while confetti is falling down upon them during the parade festivities in honor of the Apollo 16 astronauts and mission. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Apollo 16 (Spacecraft) Crowds--Illinois--Chicago Parades & processions--Illinois--Chicago Chicago (Ill.) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3df58d4e1f8fcb800056d207a1497833.pdf 73b716d037a2cc629cf27487291bf54e PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Incunabula Description An account of the resource The term incunabula refers to books printed between 1450 and 1500, approximately the first fifty years following the invention, by Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, of printing from moveable type. Our collection includes over 200 volumes and numerous unbound leaves from books printed during this period. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1450/1500 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Incunabula Collection (DC-03) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United </a> Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource text Language A language of the resource eng it la nl de Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Apparatus super libros Decretalium [folium 139] Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-03_139InnocentiusIV1478 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Innocentius IV Description An account of the resource One leaf from Apparatus super libros Decretalium by Pont. Max. Innocentius IV. Printed in Strassburg by Heinrich Eggestein in 1478. [GW M12156; ISTC ii00095000] Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Strassburg: Heinrich Eggestein Subject The topic of the resource Incunabula Printing 1450-1500 Language A language of the resource la Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1478 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e87255ea73c5f7e6872338bbeb8aa9ba.jpg fd8cf159c877034310941cb78edc3284 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-Pie-Factory-04 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lloyd J. Harris Pie Co. Title A name given to the resource Apple Peeling Machine Description An account of the resource A black and white photo of two women operating the apple peeling machine. The caption reads: "This very expensive and highly complicated machine peels the apple and removes the core with a minimum of waste at the rate of 80 apples per minute. The apples then pass over an inspection table to make sure all peelings and spots have been removed. They then pass into a slicer which insures a univorm slice so that every piece of apple gets backed alike." Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich.) Factories Bakeries Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file collected by the Kutsche Office of Local History from the Saugatuck Douglas History Center for the Stories of Summer project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0d5621933f4b870397596c329d4ff423.jpg bb66fbcc3bec8c000044f6aaa982f4a2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-Pie-Factory-05 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lloyd J. Harris Pie Co. Title A name given to the resource Apple Pies Coming Out of the Oven Description An account of the resource A photo of a man in a bakers uniform. He is removing pies from the oven and placing them on a large rack. The caption reads "Apple pies coming out of the oven," although it is partially cut off. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich.) Factories Bakeries Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file collected by the Kutsche Office of Local History from the Saugatuck Douglas History Center for the Stories of Summer project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/291a863c04fef2b9a8fb62926be7f304.jpg ff0283653b80fb4e2354941e52a69b8c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ApplegateSusanne_Photo01 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Applegate, Susanne Description An account of the resource Susanne Applegate, University Foundation Director Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College administrators Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/19890b5f0253f96b36a89e1878d5f57f.jpg c2a444981a2764f1b1d3555481f0d1ec Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ApplegateSusanne_Photo02 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Applegate, Susanne Description An account of the resource Susanne Applegate, University Foundation Director Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College administrators Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e483261585997935eb86dcb6a3c31381.jpg 2630482d01c7a774b5352695a3f54acd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ApplegateSusanne_Photo03 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Applegate, Susanne Description An account of the resource Susanne Applegate, University Foundation Director Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College administrators Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f889461cbc511a4013a7de8fb9d78063.pdf 1bd2c4bba4b71e922095d63c07081b75 PDF Text Text - ,, NATIONAAL COMITÉ VERZETSHERDENKINGSKRUIS · Van Stolkweg 10 2585 JP DEN HAAG Vragenformuller, behorende bij de aanmelding voor de toekenning van een verzetsherdenkingskruis. Attentie a. Gaarne typen of blokletters schrijven . . b. Indien belanghebbende Is overleden, dient "U" opgevat te worden als "betrokkene". c. Behalve bij een bevestigend antwoord op vragen 3 en/of 4 Is een volledige Invulling van de vragen noodzakelijk om Uw aanmelding In behandeling te kunnen nemen. ..r.~_rm~.~t -:-.~.<:'.h.'1:W".1!!~.~....... ..... ... .... ... ...... ........... ..... .. 1. Naam. voornaam . geboortedatum/plaats . woonplaats/gemeente/land . adres. postcode. telefoonnummer . A.drian11 B11rb11r.!l ·21- ··F ebru.!lrl ·1916 ·'l)i:esn ··NH ··· ························ ..17.3.0..W:as.tlana .Driv.a .N •.E•., .. Gr.a?ld ..Rapids, .. .~.?.~;.~.•.i:i...'.'.??.~.5................................................... . .,,9-505 ... ......... ........ ............... ............... .... ...... .... .... . .61.6- J.6.J. ..5-515 .... .... ... ........ .... ... .................... .. ...... . 2. Indien belanghebbende Is overleden: · naam aanvrager . familierelatie . woonplaats/gemeente . adres. postcode. telefoonnummer . 3. Bent U blijkens een beschikking van de Buitengewone Pensioenraad als deelnemer aan het verzet, in de zin van de Wet buitengewoon pensioen 1940-1945 erkend? zo Ja: a) bewijsstuk bijvoegen (fotocopie brief erkenning) b) Indien deze vraag met ja is beantwoord, behoeven de overige vragen niet beantwoord te worden. r ::Qll/Neen �4. Is U met toepassing van de Wet ve ~betering rechtspositie verzetsmil itairen (Wet van 20 januari 1976) onder de wapenen doorgebrachte tijd toegekend of met andere woorden: bent U erkend als verzetsmilitair? . zo ja: a) bewijsstuk b ij voegen (fotocopie brief erkenning) b) indien deze vraag met ja is beantwoord, behoeven de overige vragen niet beantwoord te worden. 5. Hebt U behoord tot de Nederlandse Binnenlandse Strijdkrachten (N.B.S .) in bez.~t gebied?. zo ja: a) in welke plaats? . xx:kJINeen ~Neen, mijn echt~ enoot was luitenant toege voegd bij het Plaatselijk Commando Alkmaar · b) wie was Uw directe en/of naast hogere commandant? . c) gaarne bewijsstuk bijvoegen. 6. Hebt U behoord tot de O0-LO-KP-RW of een andere bij de Buitengewone Pensioenraad dan wel de Stichting 1940-1945 bekende verzetsgroep? J a ~ jn echtgenoot enik hebben tesamen zo ja: a) welke, wanneer en waar?. b) gaarne bewijsstuk bijvoegen . c) hebt U hiervoor een Nederlandse dapperheidsonderscheiding ontvangen? . zo ja, welke? . d) onder welke naam en/of schuilnaam nam U aan het verzet deel? . e) met wie werkte U samen in de verzetsgroep?. f) bent U direkt na de bevrijding lid geworden van de G.0.1.W.N . of N.F.R./ V.V.N . dan wel Expoge? . zo ja: welke? . 7. Heeft U in groepsverband, dan wel individueel, tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog op door Japan bezet of Japans gebied in Oos-Aziê aan handelingen deelgenomen welk als verzet tegen de vijand kunnen worden aangemerkt? . zo ja: a) wanneer en waar? . b) gaarne bewijsstuk bijvoegen c) hebt U hiervoor een Nederlandse dapperheidsonderscheiding ontvangen?. zo ja: welke?. d) onder welke naam en/of schuilnaam nam U aan het verzet deel? . e) met wie werkte U samen in de verzetsgroep?. f) hebt U zich direct na Uw bevrijding aangesloten bij een organisatie die de belangen van het Indisch Verzet behartigt? zo ja: welke? . clll~~'~E,r.k.~JJjl<.-~~~),g~ric:>!1)~11 ..~~n ..n~:t..;•r.~r..i .e t. vanaf 19'•0 Xl3/Neen : nimmer verzocht • i _k __ v_e_r _w:i_j_s_. _ u_..nll~.:r. .. h~tg~~n .-~jn .. !:tQhtg!:tfü)Pt heeft verklaard (zie Uw nummer 65 1•6 ) :-~~-è~i~-ö~:ri!~.·üir~i:t()~:~z!?;~::~~~~die weigerden deel te nemen äan de arbeidsinzet, §ifJJ-J-n8°t~j~ugg;y~®h~8era2pa J~e:c., 0 ~Neen Ja/Neen Ja/Neen �8. Hebt U zonder de in punt 6 genoemde verzetsgroepen te hebben behoord daadwerkelijk aan het verzet deelgenomen? . ~o ja: a) wat was de aard van Uw verzetsaktiviteiten en waar? . b) hebt U hiervoor een Nederlandse dapperheidsonderscheiding ontvan-gen?. zo ja: welke?. c) onder welke naam en/of schuilnaam nam U aan het verzet deel? . d) met wie hebt U in het verzet samengewerkt?. e) zo mogelijk een andere toelichting onder vragen 10 en 11 f) bent U direkt na de bevrijding lid geworden van de G.0.1.W.N. of N.F.R./ V.V.N . dan wel Expoge?. zo ja: welke? . 9. Hebt U een geslaagde poging ondernomen om vanuit bezet gebied geallieerd gebied te bereiken en hebt U zich aldaar zo spoedig mogelijk aange· sloten bij de Nederlandse Geallieerde Strijd krach· ten?. zo ja: a) wanneer bent U vertrokken uit bezet gebied?. b) welke route hebt U gevolgd? . c) wanneer bent U aangekomen in geallieerd gebied? . d) hebt . U hiervoor een Nederlandse dapperheidsonderscheiding ontvan· gen?. zo Ja: welke? . e) wanneer en bij welk onderdeel hebt U zich aangesloten bij de Nederlandse/ Geallieerde Strijdkrachten? . J a ~ moge ik verwijzen naar het onder 6 geboemde • Na de S. D. inval op 9 Mei 19'''' heb i ~ tijdens de afwezigheid van mijn ms.n geen onderdak meer verschaft dan aan mijn z.w.~~-~1'.. _Ç~.B. ~-~Elr.~a.a. ~.-~~El .. '.'... j~~~~h~ .. ~~4~r4~k ers in zijn huis verborg, en d e Heer Kleinkramer, de enire man onder de '' joodsche on .1:IArduikers vooänoenrl • ~een w1j de en het uit principe en hebbe na . .de ..bevrijding...nergens ..on ..g evr.aa~d ...... .. . :P.<...?1!,9.~.t ..V..v~.mjz.,n ..naar. ..mijn .. -o,an .'.s .. namen tot 9 Mei 19 1• 1• natuurlijkmet mijnman , , en met Vels Brink verscheiden . ............... ..... ....Heyn .. ·'· ... ...... .. ..... ........ ......... ... ... .......... . Wagenasrs, Gootjes etc. Velen die ik slechts van voornaam ( echt of gefi~eerd) of van gezicht kende. Meen mijn man deed dat • ~een Ja/Neen Noot: indien deze poging mislukt is tengevolge van een arrestatie door de bezetter, gaarne de vragen 1O at/me beantwoorden. 10. Hebt U zich als gevolg van Uw deelname aan het verzet in gevangenschap bevonden? . zo ja: a) op welke datum en waar bent U gearresteerd? . b) door welke instantie bent U gearresteerd? . c) _werd U veroordeeld?. d) zo ja, op welke datum en tot welke straf? e) waar en hoe lang bent U gevangen gehouden? . 11. Bij welke personen of instellingen kunnen desgewenst nadere inlichtingen omtrent de door U verstrekte gegevens worden verkregen? . a/Neen Ja/Neen de door mijn g enoemde personen (Uw nummer aa·nvrääg.'65 1•6 .. )' .'ëri .'ik ·mii· .. nog ..töëvöëgërï .Önde prëdi'kànt ·-or ~M~'Köölhääs --~···-- .. .............. ..... .. ..... .. �Bent U lid van een organisatie van het voormalig · verzet?. zo ja, welke?. 12. :WNeen ; na ons vertrek in 1952 zijn wij geen l _i~.. p:_~_b_l_e_v.~.1:1...1.. :w,i_j_. -~~l:ll:>~11 .-~~13~ ..131311 _. ~1313~ zware strijd gehad met ziekte van mijn !Mn erïëie dooc na beantwoording van deze vragtf{l,dtfQekW?ctui8fllij~~flt S~JWCJMtfw ~9Mtiegens : 13. Toelichting indien U deelname. Na 9 Mei 19,,,, heb ik veel steun ontvangen van de L. O.-L.K. P.: wat wij tesa.n'.11m tot~ die datum. voor anderen hadden gedaan, en mijn man voortzette vanuit andere p]aatsen, werd aan mij en aan onze twee kinderen go"3d gema.11kt • Wij zijn ,fa.11r nog steeds zeer erkentelijk voor, te meer daar ik voortdurend sinds dien datum onder observ~tie was thuis Elen als ik uitging . Meermalen heb ik de personen ~ie mij volgden ( naar alle waarschijnlijkheid om mijn man of andere ledtm van de L.O.-L.K.P. te vinden) kunnen ontgaan door winkels te bezoeken die meer dan 1 in en uitgang hadden, zoals V & Den Spruyt in Alkmaar. m,in Enkele malen na 9 Mei 19'"' is mijn 's nachts va.n /\lkmur naar BrMk op Langedijk gelopen , in het bijzonder in November 19'''' toen ik een 1u.iskraam had • Na de inval op 9 Mei 191,,, heb ik de mij bekende leden v,qn L.O.-L. K. P. gewaarschuwd . De enige die de wa.arschwuing niet opvolgde was J.ll.cob Balder. Zijn vrouw was in verwachting van haar zesde~kind en hij wilde haar niet alleen laten daar zij haar kind verwachte in Juli 19'' '' , Het heeft hem het leven gekost opgeveer terzelfde tijd dat dit kindje werd geboren. Wij hebben hier waardering ondervonden van veel Amerikaansche soldaten, officieren en minderen die in Normandie geland zijn en hebben overleefd . Soms waren er ook ver_ schrikkelijke ervaring,en als het brutale ontkennen dat de holocaust nooit bestaan heeft, of dat Hitler wat meer tijd had moeten hebben gehad, om het restant van onze Joodsche medeburgers te liquideren. Voor ons vrouwen was het meer het stillew maarvastberaden verzet door met en naast onze mannen te staan en zonder klagen te dragen wat er van ons werdf gevraagd. Dat was het mins_te wat wij konden bieden waar het om de ziel en de hoor?;ste beginselen van ons volk en zovele anderen ging • Eef en Lies Brink uit Alkmaar die mijn man met groot risico verborgen, Fennie Vals Heyn uit Alkmaar, Dr.Lobatto, Dr. van Amerongen en de anderen die mijn man in zijn verzoekschrift heeft genoenrl zullen U veel van dze gebeurtenissen kunnen beves_ tigen. De antisemiet die betrokken was bij de dood van ons kind, zei het zoo ruw weg : 11 Deze mensen zijn vreemdelingen, zij kennen onze wetten niet, ik kan dit niet hebben" • Als een zoo prominent man tegen iemand is-;I's men hier zoo goed als veroordeeld. Want het is kenmerkend dat de vele goede vrienden en kanissen die wij hier hebben, als regel onmachtig zijn om recht te doen ze~evierem. Onze J overgeblevenK.~oons hebben goede positie's en houden Neèerland's naam hoog terwijl onze 7 kleinderen door hen worden geleid tot kennis en waardering van van hun Nederlandsche afkomst. Ik heb op 9 Mei 19'''' uit mijn geloof de kracht p.:~vonden om Viehbahn tegemoet te treden en de ondervraging onder scherpe belichting doorstaan, en zoo hebben vele van mijn vriendinnen en kfnissen. Mijn broer J.N.Schuurman is kort daarna gearr~s- De on~@A~fte milt~iÀfttn~Ofil!U~Ite•~flifèRfptftorrtffiUtêfmgt,biftJè ~éJ.l,êl"~eVMn ii~!é1~ genirÎtt~h~~ij~R&'.n'Jtie!MRRIDY.n en naar het Huis van Bewaring in ~msterdam overgebäircht. Mijn man werd reeds op 7 December 191•1 voor uren vastgehouden door de N.S.B.er Sprenger in verband met het bombarderen van Pearl Harbor. En voordien konden wij t ,.,€!:een ondergr~ndsche literatuur kwijt aan mensen zoals Fels en P~a~. 0 a u,Ik " Sltût" hiél'bij •in ·d·e-- S~D; --·a.dvertentie betreffencrlJdtte 'Wj,il«WUïh~ 1diiQ~8 ~9olg wa.s dat ons huis niet langer kon worden gebruikt, en d8t Alkmaarsche L.O.-L.K . P. het.gevaar van verraad ten volle besefte. Wij zijn mensen van overtuiging ~elke uitgaan boven ,1:,... eigen welzijn • Wij weken nimmer af van ons doel, 1een vrlgl Nedé'ria.nd. e1r wij z JI'l1cén waren niet te koop • handtekening, �.n '), li l n ch ~ 9b d v n l'l :uni 1 (.1 (1.V 11-t ho·fcJ v , n dor .'1c rch ' ntrala K• izer Gu ocht 1 3-1 5 t ~~st_rd~ ( t r foon t915~) v~rzorkt na ns 1nn Qro p :o n - n ln t t' r n" ree '1·1u"aco t Ho rl1ugmrn rd , r v nd t I rd n --; ,..,~, kt nrt d i I ntit it v , n e ' n vro u .nlijk o p d" rt i. n Ju n i 19411 gc-von •, on op ocjn o pgc ho-- gd t r rci n t e '11 ; ti•rburg (tJ.H . ) • nt t 20 - 3 jA nr , on o 1.63 t r , don ' r h r ,, , c'r r rt11 C'r-tl- l t . r e,.,d , b ouuriri jze o gr.'1 , goc n rhou .o n ga~ f gob lt . Li c c' n v · n v rr.ioo ' li jk b ll ndoda r no nc r , ti op recht r ondcrbJ · •· • l'l L in : c1o n '< rb ut:10 ko r t e> m, nt ol, vo r z ie n v n Ón! oro c c tuJ van l edor~ n s~ha o l • ~ i tte blouo ~ not blau~ gro, nc ruit, merk 2330 r P,o t , 71 - 4~ Fr u e n 1 ~it d n Gi -b n Punkto n GoF-Gos l e J Er co :orpognio K ln-Ncu ,, r kt G. ~r . 0 • Z rte lflgo ,~ho. n ,n, li~ht t r~~u on'rr urk .t r Hr ,c toir •· nrrk Duttor f y- Oijr nkorf , r o';e c nmi.aol Jt in~ houd r b" n J o de lot or N • L go wo l n Gok j os . ,cdo~co li n on uor ~on nr>t · t to~ rd v n bod o n l o Cr ntrn l e • ~v nt u ol ~~n~d 1~ e~acht bij ' � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_AWD_1982-A-Termaat-Resistance-Remembrance-Cross-application-473 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Title A name given to the resource Application for Resistance Memorial Cross Description An account of the resource Application form for the Resistance Memorial Cross Award, completed for Adriana B. Termaat. In Dutch. Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands -- Awards Dutch Americans Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource nl Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e9dc3127bb2885242dcb1a385ede675a.jpg f2cf939ed9455d142145d366c8be9522 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otto Kuxhaus collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kuxhaus, Otto Description An account of the resource Photographs collected by Otto Kuxhaus. Materials document his tour of duty with the 81st Squadron and his leisure time activities. Some photos of family and friends are also included. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1941/1971 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/506">Otto Kuxhaus World War II collection (RHC-57)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Africa, North World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Italy Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-57 Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-57_OKuxhaus07 Title A name given to the resource Applying national insignia on aircraft wing with spraygun Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1939-1945 United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military United States. Army. Corps of Engineers Scrapbooks Photographs Description An account of the resource Applying national insignia on aircraft wing with spraygun, 1943. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kuxhaus, Otto Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Otto Kuxhaus WWII collection, RHC- 57 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant World War II Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/fdfb3a39f26a890334c6ce9f367aaf8d.pdf 2b698c1c2e815ecbcd0522c3b9f70cce PDF Text Text ��� https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8ad5fd6ffd792b562e889923052eb296.pdf ec5bd1599938b40699f2c89cca51b754 PDF Text Text Bill of Appraisement of the personal Estate of James Ricks late of Calhoun County Deceased State of Arkansas County of Calhoun ect. We William Word, James Dickinson and W.B. Simmons Jennison Ware [inserted] do Each of us solemly swear that we are Not interested Nor of kin to any person interested in the Estate of James Ricks as heir or Legatee, and that we will according to the best of our abilities View and appraise the Slaves and other personal property to us produced Sworn & Subscribed before me this 17th day of January AD 1860 So help us God William Wood James Dickinson Jennison Ware Appraisers [written sideways in right margin] Edward T. Harris J.P. [in 3 columns Description $ cts] One Bay Mare 125.00 One sorrell filly 70.00 One Bay Mule 150.00 Do [Bay Mule] 75.00 Do [Bay Mule] 125.00 Do Brown [Mule] 80.00 Do 50 head Hogs 75.00 3 yoke oxen 120.00 4 cows & 2 calves 45.00 2 year olds 12.00 1 Buggy & Harness 15.00 1 Waggon 40.00 1 Waggon Bed 5.00 1 set Blacksmith Tools 30.00 1 grind stone 2.50 6 [?] 18.00 [page 2 glued to bottom of page 1] �[page 2 glued to bottom of page 1] [in 3 columns Description $ cts] One Lot of plows Stocks & Tools 20.00 5 set plow gear 10.00 1 cross cut saw 5.00 1 Hand saw 3 axes 3 augurs one broad ax 5.00 10 Thousand lbs seed cotton 250.00 2 Thousand lbs Lint cotton 180.00 27 Bales cotton 1080.00 19 head Sheep 38.00 8 weeding hoes 6.00 2 spades & 2 shovels 2.50 1 1 Negro Boy Henry 800.00 2 [1 Negro Boy] Crawford 1400.00 3 [1 Negro Boy] John 1400.00 4 [1 Negro Boy] Allen 150.00 5 one negro girl piety 750.00 6-7 [one negro girl] Lucy & child 1400.00 8 1 girl [?] 400.00 9 1 Boy Charly 800.00 10 [1 Boy] Green 500.00 11 [1 Boy] Jacob 350.00 12 Girl Silvy 600.00 14 [Girl] Cloa & Child 1000.00 [Total]12195.00 Appraisers William Wood James Dickinson Jennison Ware �Appraisement of the Estate of James Ricks Decd Filed this January the 21st AD 1860 J.H. Means, clk Probate Record book A. Page 490 & 491 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-45_CWS000006 Title A name given to the resource Appraisal of the estate of James Ricks, January 21, 1860 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1860-01-21 Subject The topic of the resource African Americans Slavery--United States Slave records Court records Slaves Slaveholders Ricks, James Means, J. H. Word, William Dickinson, James Ware, Jennison Harris, Edward T. Arkansas Calhoun County (Ark.) Description An account of the resource Appraisal of the personal estate of James Ricks filed in Probate Court in Calhoun County, Arkansas. Property listed includes 14 slaves, livestock, farm equipment, and tools. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Civil War and slavery collection (RHC-45): http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/930461b72377e446a20c5442e30a54a1.pdf b70c19c2f6c7df475056754071c27387 PDF Text Text ���� https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d1359f6b86322b3103facb4d9e6900ad.pdf 68b97c7a4de3370e8dc1f5d233360e15 PDF Text Text The Following is the Report of appraiser [Column 1] Silas $800.00 Sy 575 00 Smith 750 00 Jim & Tempy 200 00 Jincy 400.00 Rachel 400.00 Amaca 20 00 Harrison 900.00 Judy 20 00 Simon & Sally 1000 00 Abraham 750 00 Jim & Dealer 1000 00 Andy 600 00 Henry 450 00 Jane 600 00 Ransom Adam & Martha 700.00 Sam 750 00 Louis 700 00 Jack Mariah Solomon 1500 00 Liddy & John 500 00 Rose & Dina 650 00 Mager & Van B[?] 850 00 Peter 300 00 Spencer 600 00 Save 300.00 Harrite Eliza Marshall ----Adeline Willis 1500.00 Prince Lizy Caroline 500 00 Alford Jackson Jane 1000 Doctor Mary and Billy 1700.00 Tom 600 00 Little Since 300.00 Sarah 400 00 [Column 2] Big Since Save Emma $900.00 Fely 500.00 1 Pleasure Carriage 100.00 Kitchen Furniture 5.00 9 Beads & Furniture 270.00 Book Case & Books 50.00 Dining Table & Safe 25.00 1 Saddle 15.00 1 Bathing Tub 12.00 250 Cords of Wood at 2.00 500.00 Waggon & Four Mules 200.00 Ox Cart 5.00 2 Mare Mules 50.00 1 Sorrel Horse 70.00 1 Small Mare 60.00 Large bay mare 40.00 Young bay mare 70.00 39 Head Hogs 85.00 21 Head Sheep 21.00 2 Yoke Oxen 60.00 21 Head Cattle 63.00 Cotton Gin 100.00 Cotton Thrasher 40.00 [Flour?] Mill 50.00 1 Lot of [?] sundries 20.00 �Double Barrell Gun 5.00 Rifle 3.00 5 Spining wheels 5.00 Cuting Knife 25.00 Black Tools 25.00 [?] Irons 10.00 1 Grinding Stone [.]50 �Elen 400.00 1200 Bushells corn $900.00 5000 lbs Fodder 50.00 1 Mantle Clock 15.00 7 Round Rods Iron Balls 12.83 2 Bars Iron 4 by 3/8 6.61 1 do Iron 2 by ½ 1.53 1 Keg Wrought Spikes 8.50 1 Keg Cast spikes 4.25 2 Bales Oakum 8.50 35 yards grass[?] rope 7[.]65 1 2 inch auger [.]90 1 Hand Saw 1.75 1 Patent[?] Stock & die 8.00 The State of Alabama Personaly appraised Before Wilcox County Mr Thomas H. Godbold a Justice of the Peace in and for said County do sertify this to Bee a true and Correct List of all the Effects that have Been Exibit to us boath Personaly and Otherwise December the 24 1850 T.H.Godbold, J. P. Apraisors David Paitler A. [?] A. Godbold Wm F. Spencer [?] �Bill of Apraisment �[Handwritten docketing] Estate of Wm B Stover decd Appraisement 1850 Recorded in book No 3. on page 439 & 440 John A Jackson Judge &c � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Slavery Collection Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery--United States African Americans United States--Politics and government--19th century Description An account of the resource A selection of correspondence, diaries, official documents, photographs related to the American Civil War and to the institution of slavery, collected by Harvey E. Lemmen. The collection includes a selection of documents from ten states related to the ownership of slaves and abolition, correspondence and documents of soldiers who fought in the war and from family members and officials, diaries and letters of individuals, and a collection of mailing envelopes decorated with patriotic imagery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lemmen, Harvey E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472">Civil War and Slavery Collection (RHC-45)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/470">John Bennitt Diaries and Correspondence (RHC-43)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/471">Nathan Sargent Papers (RHC-44)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/478">Theodore Peticolas Diary (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/476">Civil War Patriotic Envelopes Collection (RHC-51)<br /></a><a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/479">Whitely Read Diary (RHC-52)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804-1897 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg; application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image; Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1804-1897 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-45_CWS000003 Title A name given to the resource Appraisal of the estate of William B. Stover, 1850 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1850 Subject The topic of the resource African Americans Slavery--United States Slave records Slaves Slaveholders Property Stover, William B. (William Bradford), 1782-1850 Alabama Wilcox County (Ala.) Description An account of the resource Appraisal of the estate of William Bradford Stover (b. 24 June 1782 in S. C., d. 11 Nov. 1850 in Wilcox, Co., Alabama). Inventory of property includes 41 slaves, livestock, equipment, tools, furnishings, and other effects. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Civil War and slavery collection (RHC-45): http://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/472 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2c8caba142cc38ac7deb56c70ae592ea.jpg 70d505a8e8549f07473c596b61aa67e9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_LS00124 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1918-1921 Title A name given to the resource Approach Temple of Heaven marble altar Description An account of the resource Black and white lantern slide of the Temple of Heaven in Beijing, China's Forbidden City. The image shows several temple buildings behind an ornate marble railing. Subject The topic of the resource Lantern slides China Forbidden City (Beijing, China) Temples Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/757714a8f751f3db9ff4f8de7fee8a00.jpg 2d859c1541f518c6429093feaa91dd99 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_HotelItza_2_1930_003 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930-02-15 Title A name given to the resource Approaching Campeche from the South Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph aerial view of Campeche, Mexico Subject The topic of the resource Campeche (Campeche, Mexico) Mexico Aerial photographs Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/13e0cac15675ecd45bf44e33dc137f89.jpg e7358d26f929904c8793fcc9c93b752c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ArandjalouieSue Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Arandjalovic, Sue Description An account of the resource Sue Arandjalovic, Admissions Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College administrators Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c377f4efe37378d20c3d678bca998242.jpg fa29d3897119752f336bf0d744a39e18 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AranoffGloria Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Aranoff, Gloria Description An account of the resource Gloria Aranoff, Thomas Jefferson College Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0769d742d7df8caf65e62f98df7eb065.pdf 641dd99b498c79014c2bcd5f9621924a PDF Text Text Arcada Township Zoning Ordinance 1959 Revision Compiled By The Arcada Township Zoning Board �Arcada Township Zoning Ordinance 1959 Revision Compiled By The Arcada Township Zoning Board �Rural Zoning Ordinance Arcada Township, Gratiot County, Michigan ARCADA TOWNSlllP ZONING ORDINANCE An ORDINANCE to e stablish zoning districts and regulations in the unincorporated portions of the Township of Arcada, County of Gratiot, State of Michigan, in accordance with the provisions of Act 184 of the Public Acts of 1943 as amended; to provide for the administration thereof and to frovide penalties for the violation thereo . THE TOWNSlllP BOARD OF ARCADA TOWNSlllP ORDAINS : ARTICLE 1. PREAMBLE SecUon 1 .1 NAME This Ordinance shall be known and cited as the "Arcada Township Zoning Ordinance." Section 1.2 PURPOSES The fundamental purpose of this Ordinance is to promote the public health, safety, morals and general welfare. The provisions are intended to encourage the use of lands and natural resources in the Township in accordance with their character and adaptability; to limit the improper use of land; to reduce hazards to life and property; to provide for the orderly development of the Township; to avoid overcrowding the population ; to provide for adequate light air and health conditions in dwellings' and buildings hereafter erected or altered; to lessen congestion on the public roads and streets; to protect and conserve natural recreational areas, agricultural areas, residential areas and other areas naturally suited to particular uses · to facilitate the establishment of an adequate and economic system of transportation, sewage disposal, safe water supply, education, recreation and other public requirements; to conserve the expenditur~ of funds for public improvements; and services to conform with the most advantageous uses of land resources and properties; to promote the best uses of land and resources of the Township by both the community in general and individual inhabitant. SecUon 1.3 GENERAL PROCEDURE To achieve the purpose of this Ordinance, p<?rtions of the Township have been divided into zoning districts of varied shape, kind and area, and regulations adopted for each such district, but with due consideration for the character of each district, its peculiar suitability for particular purposes, the conservation of natural resources and the general trend and character of land, buildings and population development. ARTICLE 2. DEFINITIONS Section 2.1 GENERAL For the purpose of this Ordinance, certain terms used are herewith defined. When not incensistent with the conts,xt, words used in the present tense include the future, words in the singular number Include the flural number, and words in the plura number include the singular number. The word "shall" is always mandatory and not merely directory. Section 2.2 ACCESSORY BUILDING A supplemental building or structure on the same lot, or part of the main building occupied by or devoted exclusively to an accessory use. Section 2.3 ACCESSORY USE A u se naturally and normally incidental to, subordinate to and devoted exclusively to the main use of the land or building. Section 2.4 ALTERED Any change in the location or use of the building or structure and /or any change in the construction or the structural members of a building or structure such as bearing walls, columns, posts, beams, girders and similar components. Section 2.5 BASEMENT AND CELLAR ( a ) A basement is that portion of a building partly below the grade but so located that the vertical distance from average grade to the floor is not greater than the vertical distance from the average grade to the ceiling. (b) A cellar is that portion of a building partly below grade but so located that the vertical distance from the average grade to the floor is greater than the vertical distance from the average grade to the celling. Section 2.6 BOARDING HOUSE Primarily a family dwelling where meals with or without lodging are furnished for compensation on a weekly or monthly basis to three or more persons who are not members of the family occupying and operating the premises, but not necessarily to anyone who may apply. Section 2. 7 BUILDING Any structure, either temporary or permanent, having a roof and used or built for the shelter or inclosure of per-f sons, animals, chattels or property o any kind. This shall include tents, awnings, vehicles whether mounted or not ~n wheels and situated on private property and used for purposes of a building. SecUon 2.8 BUILDING, HEIGHT OF b The vertical distance from the esta lished grade at the center of the frontf of the building to the highest point o the roof surface If a flat roof, to the deck line for mansard roofs, and to the mean height level between eaves and ridge for gabled, hip and gambrel roofs. Section 2.9 DWELLING Any building or structure, or part thereof, occupied as the home, residence or sleeping place of one or more_ pelyrsons either permanently or transient except cabins and trailer coaches. Wherlse only part of a building or structure occupied for dwelling purposes, the part so occupied shall comply with all provisions applicable to dwelling in the district in which said building or structure is located unless otherwise provided ln thls Ordinance. One-Family Dwelling A dwelling occupied by but one family, and so designed and arr_anhg as to provide Jiving, cooking and kite en accomodatians for one (1) family only. Two-Family Dwelling A dwelling occupied by but two (2ed) families and so designed and arrang as to provide independent Jiving, cooking and kitchen accomodatlons for two (2) families only. <!.i �Section 2.10 ERECTED Includes bullt, constructed, reconstruc- ted, moved upon, or any physical oper- ations on the land required for the building. Excavations, fill, drainage and the like shall be considered a part of the e rection. Section 2 .11 ESSENTIAL SERVICJ!a> The erection, construction, alteration or maintenance by public utilities or municipal departments or commissions of underground or overhead, gas, elec• trical, steam or water transmission or distribution system, collection, communications, supply or disposal system, In· eluding poles, wires, mains, drains, sewers, pipes, conduits, cables, towers, fire alarm boxes, police call boxe•, traffic slgWils, hydrants, and other similar equipment and accessories In connection therewith, but not including bulldings reasonably necessary for the furnishing of adequate service by such public utilities or municipal departments or com• missions or for the public health or sale• ty or general welfare. Section 2.12 ESTABLISHED GRADE The elevation of the sidewalk grade as fixed by the Township zoning Ad· ministrator; or where no sidewalk is to be constructed on the premises, a point on the surface of the ground appropri• ate to the terrain, said point to be de• termined by said Administrator. Section 2.13 FARM All of the unplatted contiguous neighboring or associated land operated as a tingle unit on which bona fide fanning i• carried on directly by the owner-oper• ator, manager or tenant-farmer by his own labor or with the assistance of members of his household or hired em• ployees; provided, however, that land to be considered a farm h.e reunder shall include a contiguous, unplatted parcel of not less than twenty (20) acres in area; provided, further, that greenhouses, nurseries, orchards, apiaries, chicken hatcheries, poultry farms and similar specialized agricultural enterprises may be considered as farms; but establish• ments keeping or operating fur-bearing animals, game, fish hatcheries, dog kennels, stock yards, slaughter houses, stone quarries or gravel and sand pits shall not be considered farms hereunder un• less combined with and constituting only a minor part of bona fide farm operations on the same continuous tract of land. Nor shall premises operated as fertilizer works, bone yards, plggerles or for the reduction of animal matter, or tor the disposal of garbage, sewage, rubbish, offal or junk constitute a farm hereun• der. Section 2.14 FARM BUILDINGS Any building or structure, other than a dwelling, moved upon, maintained, used or built on a farm which ls essentl.a l and customarily used on farms in the pursuit of agricultural activities. Section 2.15 FARM DWELLING Any building located on a farm as defined by this Ordinance and occupied as the home, residence or sleeping place of the owner-operator, manager or ten• ant farmer of that farm. Section 2.16 GARAGE, PRIVATE AND COMMERCIAL (a) A private garage Is any build- ing, or part thereof, not over one story or fifteen (15) feet in height for storage of motor vehicles or trailer coaches where no servicing for profit Is conducted. (b) A commercial garage ls any gar• age other than a private garage. Section 2.17 GUEST UNIT A room occupied or Intended, arrang- ed or designed for occupancy by one or more guests for compensation, having no provisions for cooking. Section 2.18 HOME OCCUPATION Any use customarily conducted entirely within a dwelling and carried on by the inhabitants thereof, which use Is clearly incidental and secondary to the use of the dwelling for dwelling purposes and does not change the character thereof. Clinics, hospitals, barber shops, tea rooms, tourist homes, animal host>itals, animal boarding establishments or the production of any kind of livestock shall not be deemed home occupations. Section 2.19 JUNK YARD Any parcel of land maintained or operated for the purchase, sale, storage, dismantiing, demolition, or use of junk including scrap metals, motor vehicles, machinery and bulldln.g and construction materials, or parts thereof. Section 2 .20 LODGING HOUSE Primarilr a famlly dwelling where lodging with or without meals is furnished on a weekly or monthly basis t.o three or more persons who are not members of the family occupying and operating the premises, but not necessarily to anyone who may apply. Section 2.21 LOT The parcel of land on which one (1) principal building and Its accessories are located or intended to be located together with any open spaces required by this Ordinance. Section 2.22 LOT, CORNER A Jot of which two adjacent sides abut upon a street, provided that such two sides intersect at an angle of not more than 135 degrees. Where a lot is on a curve, U tangents through the ex• treme point of the street line of such lot make an interior angle of not more than 135 degrees it is a corner lot. In the case of a corner Jot with a curved street line, the corner shall be considered to be that point on the street line nearest to the point of intersection of the tangents herein described. Section 2,23 LOT LINES Front Lot Lines The line dividing a lot from a street. On a corner lot only one street line shall be considered as a front Jot line and the shorter street line shall be considered the front lot line. Rear Lot Line The line opposite the front lot line. Side Lot Line Any lot lines other than the front lot line or rear lot line. Section 2.24 MOTEL A building or group of buildings whe- ther detached or in connected units, used as individual sleeping or dwelling ~~~mot~~:'atefe~:.'are~ l:"rm t~~-~ includes buildings designated as Tourist Courts, Auto Courts, Motor Courts, Motels and similar appellations which are designed as integrated units or individual cabins under common ownership. Section 2.25 NON-CONFORMING STRUCTURE A structure conflicting with the pro• visions of this Ordinance. Section 2.27 NON-CONFORMING USE The use of a structure or land con• fllcting with the provisions of this Ord!· nance. �Section 2.28 NOTICE Where notice is required to be given any person, firm or corporation, it may be given In any one or more of the following ways: (a) By publication In a :iewspa.per published In Gratiot County and generally circulated within the township. (b) By personal sarvice. (c) By depositing a copy of the notice in the United States mails, postage prepaid, addressed to the person, firm or corporation at his address as shown on the latest tax roll, certified or registered with return receipt requested. Section 2.29 PUBLIC UTILITY Any person, firm, corporation, municipal department or board duly authorize:! to furnish and furnishing under municipal regulation to the public, transportation, water, gas, electricity, telephone, steam, telegraph, or sewage disposal and other services. Section 2.30 RETAIL COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENT A store, market or shop in which commodities are sold or offered for sale in small or large quantities to the retail trade. Grocery and general store, meat markets, public garages, automobile service stations are included In this classification. Section 2.31 ROADSIDE STAND A farm structure used or intended to be used solely by the owner or tenant of the farm on which it is located for the sale of only the seasonal farm products of the immediate locality in which the roadside stand is located. Section 2.32 SETBACK LINES Lines established adjacent to highways for the purpose of defining limits within which no building or structure or any part thereof shall be erected or permanently maintained. "Within a setback line" means between the setback line and the highway righ.t-of-way. Section 2.33 STORY That part of a building included between the surface of any floor and the surface of the next floor or of the roof next above. When the distance from the average established grade to the celling of a story partly below such grade exceeds five ( 5) feet, then the basement or cellar constituting the story partially below grade shall be counted as a story. Section 2.34 STORY, HALF A story which is situated within a sloping roof, the area of which at a height four ( 4) feet above the floor does not exceed two-thirds (2/3) of the floor area directly below it, wherein living quarters are used only as a part of the dwelling situated in the story below. Section 2.35 STRUCTURE Anything constructed or erected, the use of which requires more or less permanent location on the ground or attached to some thing having permanent location on the ground. Section 2.36 TAVERN Any ,Place where malt, vinous or spiritous liquors are sold for consumption on the premises. Section 3.37 TOURIST HOME Primarily a family dwelling where lodging with or without meals is furnished for compensation chiefly on an over night basis and mainly to transients, but not necessarily to anyone who may apply. Section 2.38 TRAILER COACH Any structure used for sleeping, living, business or storage purposes, having no foundation other than wheels, blocks, skids. jacks or similar support and which has been or reasonably can be transported from place to place. Section 2.39 TRAILER COACH PARK Any site, lot, field, tract, or parcel of land which is utilized by two(2) or more occupied trailer coaches either free of charge, or for revenue purposes, and sh.all include any building, structure, tent, vehicle, or enclosure used or intended for use as a part of the equipment of such trailer coach park. Section 2.40 USE The purpose for which land or a building thereon is designed., arranged, or intended to be occupied or usE?4, or for which it is occupied or maintamed. Section 2.41 YARD A space open to the sky and unoccupied or unobstructed, exceJ_>t by encroachments specifically permitted '!1'der this Ordinance, on the same lot with a building or structure. Yard, Front A yard extending across the full width of the lot between the front lot lin.e and the nearest line of the main building.- Yard, Rear A yard extending across the full width of the lot between the rear lot line and the nearest line of the main building. Yard, Side A yard extending from the front yard to the rear yard between the side l~t line and the nearest line of the main building or of accessory building attached thereto. ARTICLE 3. GENERAL PROVISIONS Section 3.1 SCOPE Beginning with the effective date of this Ordinance, and except as otherwise provided in this Ordinance, no new building, or structure, or par~ thereof, shall be erected, and no existing building or structure shall be enlarged, rebuilt or altered, and no bulldingth.er, strueofcture, land, premises, or part • shall be used for purposes other thanhiln conformity with the provisions of t s Ordinance pertaining thereto. Section 3.Z BOUNDARIES OF DISTRICTS Unless otherwise specified in this Ordinance, or otherwise shown on the Zonding Map of Arcada Townsh.lp, the boun ary Jines of zoning districts shall follow along the section lines indicated on the United States Land Office 1:_1uryey Maps, or lines of customary subdivts1on of such section and such as quarterhianhd eighth lines; or the center line of g ways, streets, alleys, or waterways; or the boundaries of incorporated areas; or the boundary lines of recorded plats or subdivisions; or the property lines of let gal records on the date of enactmen of this Ordinance· or the extension of any said lines. ' Section 3.3 CONFLICT WITH COVENANTS OR RESTRICTIONS The requirements of this Ordinance are to be construed as minimum ~quirements, and shall in no way !mp_rur or affect any covenant or restriction running with the land, except where such covenant or restriction imposes lesser requirements. �Section 3.4. USE OF NON-CONFORMING LAND, BUILDING AND STRUCTURES (a) At the discretion of the owner, the lawful use of any bullding, struc• ture. land or premises existing prior to the effective date of this Ordinance, although the use does not conform to the provisions of this Ordinance, may be continued, and such use of any building may be extended throughout said building, provided no structural changes be made therein except those required tor safety. (b) Wherever the nonconforming use of any bullding. structure, land or premises is changed in whole or in part to a conforming use, such use shall not thereafter be reverted to any nonconforming use. (c ) I! the nonconforming use of any bullding, structure, land or premises or part thereof Is discontinued through vacancy, lack of operations or otherwise for a continuous period of six (6) months, then any future use of said building, structure, land or premis.e s shall conform, In Its entirety, to the provisions of this Ordinance; provided, however, that the Board of Appeals may, upon application within three (3) months of the termination of said period, permit t.he resumption of such nonconforming use. Section 3.5 RECONSTRUCTION OF DAMAGED NONCONFORMING BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES Nothing in this Ordinance shall prevent the reconstruction, repair or restoration and the continued use of any nonconforming bullding or structure damaged by fire, collapse, explosion, acts of God, or acts of the public enemy, subsequent to the effective date of this Ordinance, wherein the expense of such reconstruction does not exceed sixty ( 60) per cent of the fair valuation of the bullding or structure at the time such damage occurred; providing that such valuation shall be determined by a majority of a board of three (3) appraisers, one to be appointed by the property owner, one to be appointed by the Zoning Administrator and the third to be appointed by the first two, the expense of such appraisal to be borne by the property owner and provided, further, that said use be identical with the nonconforming use permitted and in effect at the time of said damage. Section 3.6 REPAIR. ALTERATION AND COMPLETION OF NON - CONFORMING BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES (a) Nothing In this Ordinance shall prevent the repair, reinforcement, Improvement or rehabilitation of a nonconforming bullding, structure or part thereof existing at the effective date of this Ordinance, that may be necessary to secure or insure the continued advantageous use of the bullding or structure during its natural life; provld• ed, however, that such repair, reinforcement, Improvement, rehabilitation does not change or enlarge the non-conforming use of said oremises. (b) Nothing In this Ordinance shall require any change In the erection or Intended use of a building, the construction of which shall have begUD in accordance with a valid bulldlng permit Issued under the provisions of the Arcada Township Zoning Ordinance passed by the Township Board of Arcada Township on March 16, 1956 and renewals thereof, provided that such bullding is completed and the use commenced with• In six (6) months following the effective date of this Ordinance. (c) No basement, cellar, garage or any Incompletely constructed structure In use as a dwelling on the effective date of this Ordinance shall be used as a dwelling for more than twenty-four (24) months following said date, unless such structure has been brought to a state of completion In conformity with the regulations of this Ordinance relative to dwellings in the district in which such structure is located. Section 3.7 YARD AND AREA REQUIREMENTS: GENERAL . (a) Every part or any required yard shall be open and unobstructed by chimneys pilasters, sills, belt courses, cornices 'eaves or gutters; provided, however, that such chimneys, pilasters, sills, belt courses, cornices, eaves or gutters may project not more than twenty-four (24.) inches into any required yard. ( b ) No part of any required yard except a rear yard, shall be used for any accessory bullding or use, or for the storage of vehicles, and any accessory bullding erected in a required rear yard shall not exceed one story or fifteen (15) feet In height. (c) Where a lot abuts upon an alley, one-half ( ½ ) of the width of said alley may be considered a part of such lot for the purpose of computing the depth of any rear yard required under this Ordin(g)· No portion of a lot or yard can be used more than once In complying with the provisions for lot and fard dimensions for the construction o a proposed, or the alteration of, an existing bullding. ( e) Upon petition by the owner, the Board of Appeals shall have the power to vary the yard 0nd area requirements for any lot created prior to the effective date of this Ordinance where because of size or shape the application of such requirements would cause undue hardship. Section 3.8 LIMITATIONS OF DWELLINGS PEgni'~~ne dwelling shall be erected on a lot. Section 3.9 VEHICULAR PARKING SPACE, ACCESS THERETO AND LIGHTING THEREOFFor each dwelling, co=ercial, indus- trial manufacturing or other similar business or service establishments hereafter erected or altered, and located on a public highway road or street In the unmcorporated portions of the Township and including buildings or structures used principally as a place of l?ubllc assembly, there shall be proVlded and maintained suitable space off the public right-of-way which is In general adequate tor the parking or loading of vehicles In r.roportions shown on the following tab e , and such space shall be provided with safe exit from and en• trance to the public thoroughfare, but not to exceed one (1) exit and one (1) entrance. Said exit and entrance may be combined or provided separately. Approval for the location of such exit and entrance shall be obtained from the State Highway Department for all trunk line highwais, and from the County Road Commission for all other. roads and highways In the county, which approval shall also Include the design and construction thereof In the Interests of safety, adequate drainage ~d other public requirements. A minimum of 200 square feet exclusive of drives, entrances and exits shall comprise one (1) automobile parking space. All parking space as reqwred In this section, except that �required for dwellings, shall be provided with adequate artificial hghting when the use of such space is open to the public. Dwellings: One parking space for each family unit occupying the premises. Hospitals and institutions of similar nature: One parking space for every three ( 3) beds plus one ( 1) space for each doctor plus one ( 1 ) space for every four (4 ) employees, including nurses. Restaurants: One parking space for every one hundred (100 ) square feet of noor area or part thereof plus one (1) par king space for every two ( 2) persons employed. Theatres, churches, public and private halls, amusement and recreation establishments, and all places of public assembly: One (1) parking space for every four ( 4) seats or fraction thereof plus one (1) parking space for every two (2) persons employed. Hotels and similar establishments offering lodging: One (1) parking space for every two (2) guest rooms plus one (1) parking space for every two (2) persons employed. Taverns: One parking space for every sixty-six ( 66) square feet of floor space or part thereof plus one ( 1) parking space for every two (2) persons employed. Other commercial and business establishments including offices, and service establishments: One (1) parking space for every two hundred (200) square feet of floor area or part thereof plus one ( 1) parking space for every two persons employed. Industrial and manufacturing establishments: One (1) parking space for every two ( 2) employees for industries using two (2) or more shifts; one (1) space for every three ( 3) employees for industries using one (1) shift only. In the event of a use not falling within any of the above categories, the Board of Appeals shall, upon application by the Zoning Administrator, prescribe the required number of parking spaces to be provided for employees and for the occommoda;;ion of patrons or guests. Section 3.10 STRUCTURES TEMPORARY DWELLING (a) No building, trailer coach, tent, garage, cellar, basement or other struct1:ll"~ which d<>E:S not ~onform to the provisions of this Ordinance relative to dwellings shall be erected altered or moved upon any premises ~nd used for dwelling purposes except under the following applicable limitations: ( 1) Such use of any such building trailer coach, tent, garage, base~ ment or other structure shall not be inimical to health safety or the public welfare. ' ( 2) pie location of each such buildmg, garage, cellar, basement, or other structure shall conform to the regulations governing the yard. r_equirements for dwellings !)r similar conformable structures !:ie~~e district in which it is situ( 3) Such use of any building, trailer coach, tent, garage, cellar, basement or other structure shall be for the sole purpose of providing dwelling facilities for the owner !)f the. premises during the period m which a dwelling conforming to the . Pr!)visions of this Ordinance IS m. process of erection and completion; provided, however, that such a period shall not exceed twelve (12) months be- ginning with the date of issuance of the permit therefor. ( 4) Application for a permlt to erect. move, alter and use such building, trailer coach, tent, garage, basement or other structure shall be made to the Zoning Administrator on such forms as the Zoning Administrator may prescribe. Such application shall be in addition to any application required by Act 1 72 of the Public Acts of 1958. Applicants shall pay a fee of two ($2.00) dollars at the time of obtaining the application form unless required to have a permit under said Act 1 72 of the Public Acts of 1958, in which event no additional fee will be required. (b ) The conditions of this section shall not apply to any trailer coach when located in a trailer coach park. (c) No trailer may be moved upon any premises, except trailer coach parks as hereinafter defined, and used for dwelling purposes until and unless the owner or owners of the premises u~ which it is proposed to move said trailer shall file with the Zoning Administrator: (1) The written consents of all of the owners of premises bordering upon the land where it is proposed to move said trailer: such consents will include those of the owner or owners of land which would border except for intervend• ing highway right-of-way, roa (2) ~e"t~lten consents of all tJ?.e owners of all residences within three hundred (300) feet of the proposed site of the trailer. (d) The Zoning Administrator, after the owner of the premises has complle_d with all of the conditions of this Ordinance, including the obtaining of any permit required by Act 172 of the Pubtlic Acts of 1958, which must be presen · ed to the Zoning Administrator. shall issue a permit to erect, move or alter and to occupy the building, traller coach, tent, garage, basement or other struc· ture for a period not to exceed one (lbe) year. Renewals of any permit shall . obtained in the same manner as provid· t-d for obtaining the original permit. Se~~n c~i;l,:Ci:_LSof a motel may be authorized in any district except a AA redisential district by the Board of ~Ppeals where the applicant complies WI~ all provisions of this section and ~ a • dition complies with all other applicable provisions of this Ordinance. (a) The motel site shall have an area of not less than one ( 1) acre w(itb a) minimum width of one hundred 100 feet, provided there shall be not less than eight hundred (800) square feet of area for each guest unit. (b) All buildings, including accessory buildings. shall occupy no more than twenty-five (25%) per cent of the d~ ta! area of the site being used or veloped at any one time. ( c) All buildings shall be set back not less than fifty (50) feet from the near; est street or highway line and nb 0 ! dinlesg than the height of the nearest w 1 to the side or rear line. ( d) Each guest unit shall have a conth; venient exit from and access +o highway f r ( e) Each guest unit shall have o each occupant no less th9? sixty b(~~ feet of floor area exclusive of rooms but no guest unit shall con 'ia1n �less than one hundred twenty (120) square feet of floor area exclusive of bathroom. (f) Application for a pennlt to erect a motel shall be made to the Board ot Appeals and filed with the Zoning Administrator. The application shall show the location and dimensions of th.e proposed site, the size, location and yard space tor each guest unit and other buildings and structures to be erected on the premises and such additional inlorm!'tlon as the Board of Appeals may reqwre. (g) Following the receipt of any such application the Board of Appeals may refer the same to the Township Zoning Board for its investigation and recommendation. Final approval or rejection of such application shall, however, rest with the Board of Appeals alter a public hearing, notice of which shall be served at least five (5) days prior to the date of such hearing. SecUon 3.12 TRAILER COACH PARKS No parcel of land or premises shall be used for a trailer coach park without too~~~iance with the following regula- (a) The location and operation of such a park shall not tend to produce noise or annoyance or prove otherwise injurious to the surrounding neighborhood, nor be inimical to the public health, safety or general welfare of the community, nor be contrary to the purposes of this Ordinance. (b) Such park shall be provided with not more than one (1 ) safe entrance from and one ( 1 ) safe exit to the public highway or street. (c) Each trailer coach park shall comply in all respects with the rules and regulations of the Michigan Department of Health relating to trailer coach parks. (d) No more than one (1) family shall be permitted to occupy any trailer coach. (e) Application tor a permit to erect such park shall be made In writing to the Board <>f Appeals and tiled with the Zoning Administrator. The application shall show the location and extent of the proposed park and such additional information as the Board of Appeals may deem essential to ta.Ice proper action on the application. ( f\ Following the receipt of any such appUcation the Board of Appeals may refer the same to the Township Zoning Board for its investigation and recommendation. Final approval or rejection of such application shall, however, rest w Ith the Board of Appeals after a pub1ic hearing, notice of which shall be served at least five (5) days prior to the date of such hearing. Section 3.U COMBINATION TRAILER COACH PARK AND MOTEL No parcel of land or premises shall be used for a combination trailer ocach park and motel without compliance with the applicable regulations of Sections 3.11 and 3.12 of this Ordlnance Section 3.14 WATER SUPPLY . Every living unit shall have available ~lth~~r1Y of sale water obtained from (ba) A municipal supply, if available. ( ) A drilled or driven well. Section 3.15 SEWAGE DISPOSAL d No . premises shall be occupied for we11mg purposes unless provls{on shall hthave been made for disposal of sewage rough a municipal sewage disposal system or a private sewage disposal system constructed in accordance with thehistandards and requirements of the Ml.c gan Department of Health. Section 3.16 ESSENTIAL SERVICES Essential services as defined In this Ordinance, shall be permitted as author- ized and regulated by Jaw and other ordinances in effect in Arcada Townshi_!'1 It being the intention hereof to exempi; such services from the application of this Ordinance. Section 3.17 COMBINATION BUSINESS AND DWELLING BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES Each building or structure used tor combined dwelling and business purposes shall provide an area of not Jess than four hundred eighty (480) square feet for that part used tor dwelling purposes. ARTICLE 4, ZONING DISTRICTS Section 4 .1 ESTABLISHMENT OF DISTRICTS For the purpose of this Ordinance, all of the area of Arcada Township is hereby divided into five ( 5 ) districts, which shall be known as follows : District A, Agricultural District AA, One-family residential District B, Two-family residential District C, Commercial District D, Industrial Section 4.2 DISTRICT MAPS Said districts are bounded and defined on a map entitled '"Zoning Map of Arcada Township, Gratiot County, Michigan" on file In the office of the Township Clerk, which map, with all expanatory matter thereon, shall be deemed to accompany, be and Is hereby made a part of this Ordinance. ARTICLE 6. DISTRICT A Section 5 .1 USES PERMITTED In a District A Agricultural, no building or structure or any part thereof shall be erected, altered or used or land or premises used in whole or in part for other than one or more of the following specified uses: (a ) Detached one-family dwellings. (b ) Farms, !arm dwellings and farm buildings, including roadside stands and signs not over four ( 4) square feet In area advertising the sale or !arm and products or said farm. (c) Home occupations, provided, however, that there be no external evidence of such occupation except a name plate not exceeding four ( 4) square feet in area and without Illumination, and provided, further, that the occupation does not require or effect any change in the external character of the dwelling. (d) Churches ; schools; publicly-owned buildings; public utility buildings; telephone exchanges and substations without service or storage yards; community clubs, country club, fraternal lodges and similar civic or social organizations when not operated for profit; land for privately-owned and operated parks, picnic groves, golf courses, or similar facilities tor outdoor exercise and recreation which may or may not be operated for profit; Provided, however, that the use of any such structure or land does not tend to produce objectlon11ble noise or annoyance or prove otherwise injurious to the surrounding neighborhood and Is not contrary to the spirit of this Ordinance. Application for the location, erection, alteration or use of such land, building or structure shall be made to the Board of Appeals and filed with the Zoning Administrator. Following the receipt of any such application, the Board of Appeals may refer the same to the Township Zoning Board for Its investigation and recommendation. Final approval or rejection of such application shall, however, rest with the Board of �~ Residential-AA • Residential-8 :::::::::::::::::::::::: ·.·.·.·.·.·.·:.·.·::. Agr·1cultural :::::::::::::::::::::::. ,:.~-::.·.·::.-.:.; Commercial ��Appeals after a public hearing, notice of which shall be served at least five days prior to the date of such hearing. ( e) Accessory uses, buildings and structures customarily incidental to any of the above permitted uses including not more than one private garage in which may be housed not more than one co=ercial vehicle or not to exceed one and one-half ( 1 ½) t ons capacity tor each lot, and including sign s pertaining to the sale, lease, or use of a lot or building placed thereon, and not exceeding eight (8) square feet in area on any one lot. On a farm, dwellings for the use of domestic employees, hired farm labor, or tenant of the owner of lessee of the principal dwelling shall be considered accessory buildings. Section 5.2 SIZE OF DWELLING LOTS In a District A, every lot upon which a dwelling is hereafter erected or altered shall be not less than one ( 1) acre in area nor less than one hundred thirty-two (132) feet in width provided that the ratio of the length of the lot to the. width of the lot shall not exceed four (4) to one (1); provided, however, that this requirement shall not apply to a parcel of land less in size than said area and platted and identified as a ~l';.ec~f~e~n a plat officially approved Section 5.3 FRONT YARD-DWELLINGS AND NON DWELLINGS In a District A, every lot shall have a front yard not less than forty ( 40) feet in depth. In the the case of a lot located in a block or site on which there are existing buildings or structures having front yards less than forty ( 40) feet in depth, the front yards of buildings or structures hereafter erected shall be not less than the average depth of the existing front yards. Section 5.4 SIDE YARDS-DWELLINGS In a District A, every lot shall have a side yard on each side of a principal dwelling, which shall be not less than twenty (20) feet in width. Provided however that where a garage is attach~ ed along any side of such building the width of that side yard may be reduced to ten (10) feet. Section 5.5 REAR YARD-DWELLINGS In a District A, every lot shall have ~ r~~th~rd not less than sixty ( 60) feet t~~~n 5.6 CONSTRUCTION REGULA- In .a District A, no building used for dwellmg purposes other than accessory dwellings, shall be used, erected or altered unless it shall con!orm to the folminimum construction require- ~::r: ( a) Detached one-family dwelling No single-family dwelling shall hereafter be erected, altered or moved which provides less than 720 square feet of living space at the first floor level (b) Maximum height of dwelling. No building for dwelling purposes shall hereafter be erected exceeding t,,, 0 and one-half stories or 35 feet in height, except upon approval by the Board of Appeals. Section 5.7 SIDE YARDS-NON-DWELLING In a District A, every lot on which a ~uilding or structure not used for dwellmg purposes or accessory thereto is erected, shall have a side yard on each side of the lot, and each such side yard shall be not less than thirty (30) feet in width with an increase of one (1) toot in width of each side yard for each five ( 5) feet by which the said building or structure exceeds forty (40) feet in ov- er all dimension along the side yard and also of one (1) foot tor every two (2) feet in height in excess of thirty-five (35) feet. Section 5.8 SIDE YARDS-CORNER LOTS In a District A, the width of a side yard of a corner lot shall not be less than the minimum front yard required on an adjoining lot fronting on the side street, but this shall not reduce the building of this Ordinance to less than thirty-six ( 36) feet. ARTICLE 6. DISTRICT AA Section 6.1 USES PERMITTED In a District AA, no building or structure, or any part thereof, shall be erected, altered, or used, or land or premises used, in whole or in part, tor other than one or more of the following specified uses: (a) Detached one-family dwellings. (bl Farms, farm dwellings - and~farm buildings, including roadside stands and two signs not over four ( 4) square feet in area advertising the sale or products of said farm . (c) Churches and schools. (d) Country Clubs, Golf Courses, Public Parks and Playgrounds. ( e) Accessory uses, buildings and structures customarily incidental to any of the above permitted uses. On a farm dwellings the use of domestic employees, hired farm labor, or tenant of the owner of lessee of the principal dwelling shall be considered accessory bui)dings. Section 6.2 SIZE OF DWELLING LO'l'Sch In a District AA, every lot upon whi a dwelling is hereafter erected or altered shall be not less than one (1) acre in area nor less than one hundred thirtytwo ( 132) feet in width; provided that the ratio of the length or the Jot to the width of the lot shall not exceed tourt (4) to one (1); provided, however, tha this requirement shall not apply to Ida parcel of land less in size than sa area and platted and identified as a single unit on a plat officially approved and recorded. Section 6.S FRONT YARD-DWELLINGS AND NON-DWELLINGS In a District AA, every lot shall have a front yard not less than forty ( 40t-) feet in depth. In the case of a lot loca ed in a block or site on which there are existing buildings or structures having front yards less than forty ( 40) feet, the depth of front yards or buildings or structures hereafter erected shall be not less than the average of the existing yards, Section 6.4 SIDE YARDS-DWELLINGS In a District AA every lot shall have a side yard on each side of the dwelllng), which shall be not less than twenty ~t~t reet in width. Provided. however, ....,. where a garage is attached along anyt side of such building the width of tb a) side yard may be reduced to !en (1 0 feet. Section 6.5 REAR YARD-DWELLINGS In a District AA, every lot shall have a rear yard not less than sixty ( 60) feet in depth. Section 6.6 CONSTRUCTION REGULATIONS In a District AA, no building used for dwelling purposes other than accessory dwellings, shall be used, erected, or altered unless it shall conform to the following minimum construction requirements. �(a) Detached one-family dwelling. No dwelling shall be erected or altered which provides less than fourteen hundred (1400) square feet of floor area at the first floor level. One-half ( ½) of any attached garage area may be included in calculating the area required. (b) Other construction regulations subject to the same provisions as specified in Section 5 .6. Section 6.7 SIDE YARDS-NON-DWELLING In a District AA, every lot on which a building or structure ls erected other than a dwelling or other than for a purpose accessory to a dwelling shall have a side yard on each side of such building or structure and each such side yard shall be not less than thirty ( 30 ) feet width with an increase of one (1) foot in width of each side yard for each five ( 5) feet by which the said building or structure exceeds forty ( 40 ) feet in over-all dimension along the side yard and also of one ( 1 ) foot for every two (2) feet in height in excess of thrityfive (35 ) feet. Section 6.8 SIDE YARDS-CORNER LOTS In a District AA, the width of a side yard of a comer lot shall not be less than the minimum front yard required on an adjoining lot fronting on the side street, but this shall not reduce the buildable width of any lot of legal recorq. at the time of the passage of this Ordinance to less than thirty-six ( 36) feet. ARTICLE 7, DISTRICT B Section 7 .1 USES PERMITTED IN A DISTRICT B No building, structure or part thereof shall be erected, altered or used, or land or premises used, in whole or in part, for other than one or more of the following specified uses. (a) All uses permitted in Districts A including all approvals required therein. (b) Two-family dwellings. (c) Lodging houses; boarding houses. (d) Accessory uses, buildings and structures customarily incidental to any of the above permitted uses but subject to the same provisions as specified unth?,er paragraph ( e) of Section 5.1 of lS Ordinance. Section 7 .2 SIZE OF DWELLING LOTS In a District B, the size of dwelling lots shall be the same as specified in Section 5.2 of this Ordinance. Section 7.3 FRONT YARD - DWELLINGS AND NON-DWELLINGS Int a DI.strict B, every lot shall have a t,:on t Yard of the depth specified in Sec ion 5.3 of this Ordinance. Section 7 .4 SIDE YARD - DWELLINGS ln a District B, every lot upon which th, ere Ls a dwelling shall have the same st this~e Yar<;l as required by Section 5.4 of Ordinance. ~ctlon 7 .5 SIDE YARD - NON DWELLlnGS In a. District B, every lot upon which there is a building or structure other ~ a dwelling or other than a buildthg or structure which ls accessory ~eta, shall be required to have side b~~~/peclfled in Section 5 . 7 of this Section 7 .6 SIDE YARD - CORNER LOTS . In a District B, the requirement for side yards on corner lots shall be the •Oratndle as specified in Section 5 .8 of this nance. Section 7. 7 CONSTRUCTION REGULATIONS In a District B, no building used for dwelling purposes other than accessory dwellings shall be used, erected or altered unless it shall conform to the following minimum construction requirements. (a) Detached one-family dwellingliving area. No one-storY single family dwelling shall hereafter be erected, altered or moved which provides less than four hundred thirty ( 430) square feet of living space at the ground area. (b) other construction regulations subject to the same provisions as specified in Section 5.6. ARTICLE 8. DISTRICT C COMMERCIAL Section 8.1 In a District C, no building, structure or part thereof shall be erected, altered or used or land or premises used, h\ whole more ( a) (b) ( c) (d) (e) or in part, for other than one or of the following specified uses: All uses permitted in Districts B; Any retail business: Personal and business services; Veterinary hospitals and kennels; Gasoline service stations; (f ) Motor vehicle, trailer and boat repair services; (g) Commercial, amusement and sports enterprises; (h) Restaurants, theatres, taverns and night clubs; (i ) Second hand stores; (j) Freezer lockers; (k) Trailer coach parks, motels and hotels; . b ' Id (I) Offices, banks and public Ul ings; (m) Drive-in businesses; (n) Business or trade schools, dancing or 1nusic studios; (o) Utility installations necessary to serve the district; ( p ) Advertising structures; . (q) Funeral Homes and mortuaries. ARTICLE 9. DISTRICT D INDUSTRIAL Section 9.1 USES PERMITI'ED . . In a District D, except as limited and restricted in this Section and elsewhere in this Ordinance, all bll.½dings and uses will be permitted. provtded that such buildings and uses conform to any other applicable statutes, ordinances, rules and s~fi1~i9.;· SPECIAL USE PE~:i,'S In a District D, all apphcabons for permits for uses other than those permitted in a District C shall be made to the Board of Appeals and filed wi_th the Zoning Administrator. The application shall set forth the boundaries of the premises proposed to be used, the nature of the proposed use, plans and specifications including plot plan for all structures to be erected on the premisrdes and such other information as the Boa of Appeals may deem necessary to properly consider the proposed use. U P o n receipt of such application, the Board of Appeals may refer it to the Township Zoning Board for its study and recommendations concerning the harmony oJ the proposed use with public safety welfare. The Board of Appeal'\ s • within thirty ( 30) days fo1Iowmg rE;ceipt of the application, !?,old a p~blic hearing giving at least five ( 5) aas notice thereof. Such hearing may be '!-od journed from time to time for a pen not to exceed thirty ( 30) day~. Within thirty ( 30) days after the said public 1 hearing, the Board of -Mrft1s,i;~ sue a special use pernu duly the proposed use will not have un :.:1i \~i �harmful, obnoxious or annoying effects upon the area. In granting any special use permit, the Boa.rd shall prescribe any conditions that it deems to be necessary to or desirable for public interest. ARTICLE 10 DISTRICT BOUNDARIES Section 10.1 GENERAL The descriptions set forth in the following sections of this Artkle shall oonstitute the areas to be Included In each zoning district. Section 10.2 DISTRICT "AA" The following area shall comprise zoning District " AA" . West one-half ( ½) of Section 4, the East one-half ( ½) of Section 5, the North one-half ( ½) of the Northwest one-quarter ( ¼ ) of Section 5 the South one-half ( ½) of the South west one-quarter ( ¼) of Section 5, the North one-half ( ½ ) of the North onehalf ( ½) of Section 6, the North onehalf ( ½ ) of the North one-half { ½ ) of Section 25, the Southeast one-quarter ( ¼ ) of the Northeast one-quarter ( ¼ ) of Section 25, the Northeast one quarter ( ¼ ) of the S o u t h e a s t one-quarter ( '4) of Section 25 and the South one-half ( ½) of the South one-half { ½) of Section 25. Section 10.3 DISTRICT "B" The following area shall comprise zoning District "B". Southeast one-quarter { ¼ ) of Section 17, the East one-half ( ½) of the Southwest one-quarter { ¼) of Section 17, the Northeast one-quarter (¼) of Section 20, the South onehalf { ½ ) of the North west one-half ( ½) of Section 20, the Southwest one-quarter ( ¼) of Section 20, the East one-half ( ½) of the East onehalf of Section 19, the East one-half { ½ ) of the Northeast one-quarter ( ¼) of Section 30, the Northwest onequarter ( 1/4) of Section 29, the North one-half { ½) of the Southwest onehalf ( ½) of Section 29, and that part of the Northeast one-quarter { ¼ ) of Section 1 7 South and East of the Pine River except the North 35. 5 acres thereof. Section 10.4 DISTRICT "C" The following area shall comprise zoning District "C". Northeast one-quarter ( ¼ ) of the Northwest one-quarter ( ¼) or Section 1 and the North one-half ( ½) of the Northeast one-quarter { ¼) of Section 1 and the Southeast one-quarter ( ¼) of the North-East one-quarter ( ¼) or Section l; the East onehalf { ½) of the East one-half ( ½) or the Northeast one-quarter or Section 241 The Southeast one-quarter { ¼ ) or the Southeast one-quarter ( ¼ ) of the Southeast one-quarter ( ¼) of Section 30; the Southwest one-quarter of the Southwest onequarter { 1/4.) or the Southwest onequarter ( ¼) of Section 29; the Northeast one-quarter ( ¼ ) of the Northeast one-quarter ( ¼ ) of the Northeast onequarter (¾.) of Section 31; the Northwest one-quarter ( ¼) of the Northwest one-quarter ( ¼) of the Northwest one-quarter ( ¾ ) of Section 32. Section 10.5 DISTRICT "D" The following area shall comprise zoning District "D". Southeast one-qua.,ter ( ¼) of Section 2 and the West one-half ( ½) of the Northwest one-quarter ( ¾) of Section 1, and the West one-half ( ½) of the Northwest one-quarter ( ¼) of Section 11. Section 10.6 DISTRICT "A" All of the unlncorpora ted portions of the township not included in Sections 10.2, 10.3, 10.4 and 10.5 of this Ordinance shall comprise Zoning District " A". Section 10. 7 CONFLICTS In the event of any conflict between the boundaries herein described and those indicated on the township zoning map, the boundaries as shown on the zoning map shall control. ARTICLE 11 HIGHWAY SETBACK LINES Section 11,1 LOCATION OF LINES Setback lines on highways not situated in plats of record on the effective date of this ordinance shall be parallel with and 73 feet from the center line of the highway. Setback lines for Michigan State Trunkllne highways shall be 150 feet from the centerline of the highway, provided that no construction shall be withIn 20 feet from the road right-of-way. Section 11.2 HIGHWAY INTERSECTIONS At Intersections of highways w he re grades are not separated, there are hereby established setback llnes, measured at points 100 feet along the setback line of each intersecting highway, from the point of Intersection of the setback Jines and connected by a straight line between the poln ts In each sector. Section 11.3 RAILROAD INTERSECTIONS At Intersections of highways and railroads where the grades are not separated, the setback Jines are hereby established across each sector between the Intersection highways and railroads. Such setback lines shall be straight lines co n n e ct Ing points on the hlgnwav setback lines and the railroad right-of-way line, which points are located at distances of one hundred fifty (150) feet from the intersection of such highway setback Jines and right-of-way M!'~o~es~~verUILDINGS TURES RELATIVE TO AND STRUCSETBACK AREAS ( a) No bulldings or structures ot anyd kind, except necessary highways anb traffic signs, and open fences throug whlch there shall be clear vision, shall be hereafter constructed, erected moved into the space within such se back lines. Except as herein provided, no bullding or structure except necessary highway and traffic signs, presently existing within such setback lines, shall be renewed or replaced hereaftcker ·n any way, except outside the setba ,Lnes. (b) No bullding or structure within the established setback lines, except ned cessary highway and traffic signs an open fences hereinbefore mentioned shall be altered, enlarged or added to In any way which will increase or prolong tbthe permanency of any portion within e established setback Jines. (c) When any highway or part thereof Is officially adopted Into the Grarunktlot County road or the Michigan state t line system, such highway shall automatically be subject to the provisions of this Ordinance. r ARTICLE 12. ADMINISTRATION AND Section 12.1 ~~?:8E~~STRA'I10N (a) The provisions of this Ordin~~e shall be administered by the Zoning b ministrator, who shall be appointed Y the Township Board tor such term and subject to such conditions and at such rate of compensation as said Board shctf1 determine. For the purpose of this or nance, he shall have the power of a police officer. �(b) The duty of enforcing this Ordinance shall rest in the Zoning Administrator including, unless otherwise provided for, the issuance and revocation of permits. He shall prepare and file an annual report with the Township Board on the operation of the Zoning Ordinance including recommendations as to the enactment of any amendments or supplements thereto. Section 12.2 RECORD OF NONCONFORMING USES (a) The supervisor of Arcada Township having, under the Arcada Township Zoning Ordinance, effective March 16, 1956, prepared a record of nonconforming uses in structures under the provisions of section 11.2 thereof, such record ls hereby retained and shall, immediately following the effective date of this ordinance, be amended by the Supervisor o! Arcada Township to reflect any changes therein caused by the establishment of district boundaries under this ordinance. Any nonconforming uses or structures existing under the aforesaid prior ordinance and not made conforming uses or structures by this ordinance are hereby declared to be nonconforming uses or structures as the case my be under this ordinance. Such amended records shall be deposited with the Zoning Administrator Immediately upon its completion by the Supervisor of Arcada Township. ( b) As soon as the record is flied with the Zoning Admlnlstrator, he shall provide for the examination thereof In his office for thirty ( 30) successive days by any Interested person for the purpose of noting errors or omissions, and shall give notice of the provision for examination by publication in a newspaper of general circulation in the county for three ( 3) successive weeks. (c) Errors and ommisslons in such record shall be corrected upon appeal and presentation of proof to the Board 0 f Appeal, during its first session fol1owlnir the close of said examination period, following which the corrected record shall be permanently filed in the office of the Zoning Administrator. The corrected record shall constitute Prima facle evidence of the nature and extent of nonconformance with reference to any land, premises, lot, building or structure existing at the time this Ordinance becomes effective. (d) Following the filing of the corrected record of nonconforming uses ~,?-d structures, It shall be the duty of -ue Supervisor and the Zoning Administrator to make continuous observation ot such nonconforming uses and structures and to report annually to the Board of APP8als on the discontinuance of any nonconforming uses or structures, ln;i,ual!dingbe the dates thereof. Such reports recorded in the minutes of the Boar d of Appeals. Section 12.3 BUILDING PERMITS (a) Except as otherwise provided, no dfell!ng or building subject to the prov slons of this Ordinance shall be erected • altered, enlarged, or moved upon ~y land, lot or premises until a permit erefor has been Issued by the Zoning Adrnl~lstrator In conformity with the Provisions of this Ordinance. an~uch permit shall be nontransferable must be granted before any work of r~avatlon, construction, alteration, ensu hement or movement Is begun. No build! permit shall be required for any ng located on any bona fide farm Provdlded such building ls not erected or use for dwelling purposes. (b) All applications for permits shall be submitted in duplicate to the Zoning Administrator not less than ten ( 10) days prior to the time when erection, alteration, enlargement or movement of a dwelling or building ls intended to begin. Such application shall be accompanied by a duplicate drawing to scale showing the location and actual dimensions of the land to which the permit Is to apply, the kind of building to be urected; the width of all abutting streets and highways, easements and public open spaces; the area, size and location of all dwellings or buildings erected or to be erected, altered or moved upon the premises; and the front yard dimensions for the nearest building on both sides of the proposed dwelling or building. (c) The application shall also show the location, dimensions and description of the water supply and sewage disposal facilities to be constructed, such as septic tanks and disposal fields, or any other facility used In the disposition of human excretia, sink wastes and laundry wastes; the location of existing wells on the premises adjoining the premises to be built upon, and the location of existing sewage disposal facilities on such adjoining premises; provided, however, that the Zoning Administrator Is hereby empowered to waive the inclusion of any details specified in paragraphs (B) and (c) of this Section in the case of any application where the facts are not pertinent to the purpose of this Ordinance. ( d) Nothing In this Section shall be construed as to prohibit the owner or. his agent from preparing his own plans and specifications, provided the same are clear and legible. (e) For each such building rrmlt issued. the following fees shal be paid to the Zoning Administrator who shall place the same in a separate fund to be known as the Township Zoning Ordinance Fund, which fund shall be used for the administration of this Ordinance only as directed by the Township Board. No permit shall be valid until the required lee has been paid: For the first one thousand ($1,000.00) dollars of cost, or part thereof, $2.00. For each additional one thousand ($1,000. 00) dollars of cost, or part thereof, $1.00. ( f) Within ten ( 10) days after the receipt of the application, t!'e. zoning Administrator shall Issue a Bwldmg Permit to the owner, or his duly authorized agent, provided the dwelling or building and the land and uses thereof as set forth In the application are In confo~mity with the provisions of this Ordinance and when such permit ls refused, ne shall state his reasons for refusal In writing. The Zoning Administrator shall tile one copy of the application with proper notations thereon, or attached thereto. relative to his approval or disapproval Including the date thereof, as a record. The second copy of the application shall be returned to the applicant with similar notations. Each building permit Issued under the terms of this Ordinance shall expire one year from the date of issuance, unless an extension thereof bas been granted by the Zoning Administrator in writing, prior to the expiration date; provided, that the Zoning Administrator shall set forth In the extension the time at which such extension shall expire. No fee shall be required for the extension of an existing building permit. �(g) Accessory buildings when er~ct• ed at the same time as the principal building on a lot and shown on the application therefor shall not require a separate Building Permit. (h) The Zoning Administrator shall have the power to revoke or cancel any permit in case ot failure or n~11Iect to comply with any of the provisions ot this Ordinance or in case of any false statement or misrepresentation made in the application. The owner or his duly authorized agent shall be notified ot such revocation or cancellation in wrltle,~tlon 12 .4 OCCUPANCY CERTIFICATE No dwelling or building, subject to the prpvisions of this Ordinance, shall be, occupied or used until the Zoning Administrator shall have issued a Certificate of Compliance and Occupany to the owner or his duly authorized agent. Such certificate shall be applied for coincident with the application for Building Permit. Within five (5) days after notification that the dwelling or building is ready for occupancy, the Zoning Administrator shall make final inspection thereof, and if it is found to be in conformity with the provisions of this Ordinance, shall issue the owner or his agent a Certificate of Compliance and Occupancy. He shall also record his action, including the date, on the copy of the application retained on file as a record. ARTICLE 13. BOARD OF APPEALS Section 13.1 CREATION There is hereby created a Board of Appeals, which shall perform its duties and exercise its powers as provided by Act 184 of Public Acts of 1943 as amended in such a way that the objectives of this Ordinance shall be observed, public health. safety and welfare secured and substantial justice done. Section 13.2 PERSONNEL OF BOARD As provided by said Act the Board of Appeals shall consist of three (3) members. The terms of said members shall be of such length and so arranged that the term of one member shall expire each year. One member must be the Chairman of the Zoning Board, the second a member of the Township Board appointed by the Township Board, while the third is selected and appointed by the first two from among the electors residing in the unincorporated area of the Township. The third member cannot be an elected officer of the Township or an employee of the Township Board. The total amount allowed any member of said Board of Appeals in any one year as per diem or as expenses actually incurred in the discharge ot his duty shall not exceed a reasonable sum, which sum shall be provided annually in advance by the Township Board. Members of the Board of Appeals shall be removable by the Township Board tor nonperformance ot duty or misconduct in office, upon written charges and after nublic hearing. Section 13.3 MEETINGS OF LOARD OF APPEALS Meetings of the Board of Appeals shall be held at the call of the chairman and at such other times as the Board In its rules of procedure may specify. The chairman, or in his absence the acting chairman, may administer oaths and compel the attendance of witnesses All meetings of the Board of Appeals shall be open to the public. The board shall maintain a record of Its proceedings which shall be filed in the office of the Township Clerk and shall be a public record. Section 13.4 JURISDICTION AND APPEALS (a) The Board of Appeals shall ~ct upon all questions, as they may arise in the administration of the Zoning Ordinance, including the interpretation of the Zoning maps, and may flX rules and regulations to govern Its procedure sitting as such a Board of Appeals. It shall hear and decide appeals from and review any order, requirements, decisl!)n or determination made by an administrative official charged with the henllforcement of this Ordinance. It s a also hear and decide all matters referdred to It or upon which it is require under this Ordinance. The concurring vote of a majority of the members of the Board of Appeals shall be necessary to reverse any order, requirement, deh cision or determination of any sue a d m I n i s t r a t I v e official, or to decide in favor of the applicant any matter upon which they are required to pass under this Ordinance or to effect any variation in this Ordinance. Such appeal may be taken by any person aggrieved . or by any officer, department, board or bureau of the Township, Coundty or State. The grounds of every such etermination shall be stated. (b) Such appeal shall be taken withIn such time as shall be prescribedrulby the Board of Appeals br general e, by the filing with the officer from whardom the appeal is taken and with the Bo of Appeals of a notice of appeal specfflifying the grounds thereof. The o cer from whom the appeal ls taken shall forthwith transmit to the Board, all the papers constituting the record upokn which the action appealed from was ta en. ( c) An appeal stays all proceedings in furtherance of the action appealei from unless the officer from whom thd aopeal is taken certifies to the Boar of Appeals after the notice of appeabls shall have been filed with him thf:t Y reason of facts stated in the certlf1cat~, a stay would in his opinion cause Imminent peril to life and property. in whlcedh case proceedings shall not be stay otherwise than by a restraining ordeJ which may be granted by the Boar of Appeals or by the Circuit Court. on application, on notice to the officer frodm whom the appeal ls taken and on ue cause shown. ( d) The Board of Appeals shall fix a reasonable time for the hearing of the appeal and give due notice thereof, tolnthe parties, and decide the same with a reasonable time. Upon the hearing anth~ party may appear in person or by agent or by attorney. The Board of Appeals may reverse or affirm, wholly or in part, or may modify the order, requirement, decision or determinatl~n in its opinion ought to be made premises, and to that end shall haV'j, 8 11 the powers of the officer from w 0 the appeal was taken and may Issue 0 direct the issuance of a permit. Where there are practical difficulties or unnecessary hardship in the way o! c~: Ing out the strict letter of thlS 8 nance, the Board of Appeals shall the power in passing upon appea18 1 vary or modify any of its rules, regu tions or provisions so that the spirltbllc the ordinance shall be observed. Jcu be safety secured and substantial Jud cehall done. The decision of this boar 5 intbe final. and any person having an h 11 erest affected by this OrdlnanceClrCsiit bave the right to appeal to the Court on questions of law and fact. tfe 0: ha'k ~i �Section 13.5 VARIANCES (a) The Board of Appeals shall have the power to vary or adapt the strict application ot any of the requirements of this Ordinance; provided, however, no variance In the strict application of any provision of this ordinance shall be granted by the Board of Appeals unless it finds: (1) that there are special circumstances or conditions fully described In the findings, applying to the land or building for which the variance Is sought, which circumstances or conditions are peculiar to such land or buildings, and do not apply generally to land or buildings In the neighborhood, and that said circumstances or conditions are such that the strict application of the provisions of this Ordinance would deprive the applicant of the reasonable use of such land or buildings. (2) that for reasons fully set forth In the findings, the granting of the variance is necessary for the reasonable use of the land or buildings and that the variance as granted by the Board Is the minimum variance that will accomplish this purpose. ( 3) That the granting of the variance will be In harmony with the general purpose and Intent of this Ordinance and will not be Injurious to the neighborhood or otherwise detrimental to the public health, safety or welfare. (b) ln granting any variance, the Board of Appeals shall describe any condi tlons that It deems to be necessary or desirable to accomplish the purpose of this section. ARSecTICLE 14 MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS tlon 14.1 SEPARABILITY U any section, sub-section, sentence, I c ause, phrase .,r portion of this ordinance Is, for any reason, held invalid or w1constitutlonal by any court of chom petent Jurisdiction, such portion ~ a 11 be deemed a separate, distinct and td'if8ndent provision and such holdings stna!a not affect the validity of the reg portions hereof sectnln 1on 14.2 AMENDMENTS Or~endments or supplements to tti;• .,_ ance may be made from time to o.uue In the same manner provided In Actd 184 of Public Acts of 1943 as amen ed. Section 14.S PENALTIES Any person, firm or corporation violating any of the provisions of this Ordinance shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be fined in an amowit not exceeding one hwidred ($100.00) dollars or be Imprisoned In the Cowity Jail for a period not exceeding thirty ( 30) days or be both so fined and Imprisoned. Each day such violation is committed or permitted to continue shall constitute a separate offense and shall be pwilshable as such herewider. Section 14.4 EXlSTING ILLEGAL STRUCTURES AND USES: SAVlNGS CLAUSE Any structures or uses commenced after the effective date of the Arcada Township Zoning Ordinance adopted March 16, 1956 not ln conformity with the provisions of said Ordinance and not conforming to the provisions of this Ordinance are hereby declared Illegal structures or uses and the adoption of this Ordinance shall In no way affect any prosecutions or suits ln law or In equity commenced prior to the effective date hereof. In addition, any such Illegal structure or use existing or continued after the effective date hereof, shall be subject to all of the penalties and remedies provided by this ordinance. Section 14.5 VIOLATIONS, A NUISANCE Buildings erected, altered, moved, razed or converted or any use of land or premises carried on In violation of any provision of this Ordinance are declared to be nuisances per se. The Zoning Administrator shall Inspect alleged violations and shall order correction ln writing of all conditions fowid to be In Violation of this Ordinance. All violations shall be corrected within a period of thirty (30) days after the order to correct ls issued. The Township Board, the Zoning Administrator, the Board of Appeals or any person, firm or corporation affected by the alleged violation may institute proceedings at law or In equity to enforce the provisions of this Ordinance. The rights and remedies provided herein are cumulative and In addition to all other remedies provided by law. Section 14.6 EFFECTIVE DATE This Ordinance shall take effect March 1, 1959. Adopted by the Township Board of the Township of Arcada, Gratiot County, Michigan, this 15th day of January, 1959. FAY CHURCH Township Clerk � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Arcada-Twp_Zoning-Ordinance_1959 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Arcada Township Zoning Board, Arcada Township, Gratiot County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1959-01-15 Title A name given to the resource Arcada Township Zoning Ordinance 1959 Revision Description An account of the resource Arcada Township Zoning Ordinance 1959 Revision developed by the Arcada Township Zoning Board January 15, 1959. Subject The topic of the resource Zoning--Michigan Arcada Township (Mich.) Gratiot County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives